{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3119", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Glass i!_7Sa\\nBnolcJl^.\\nCopyright]^", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "IN AND J ROUND THE\\nGRAND CANTON", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "Temples and Buttes to the East from the Grand Scenic\\nDivide.", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "IN (^AROUND THE\\nGRAND CANYON\\nTHE GRAND CANTON OF THE\\nCOLORADO RIVER IN ARIZONA\\nBy GEORGE WHARTON JAMES\\nW^ITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS\\nBOSTON LITTLE, BROWN, AND\\nCOMPANY NINETEEN HUNDRED\\n1", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Copyright, I goo, by\\nGeorge Wharton James\\n7fi586\\nLibrary of Cont^resa\\nTw(i Copies Re r ^o i\\nNOV 16 1900\\nSECOND COPY\\nOcdvifod to\\nUNIVERSITY PRESS JOHN WILSON\\nAND SON CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "TO\\nJOHN WESLEY POWELL\\nScholar, Warrior, Scientist, Gentleman, Friend\\ndirector for fourteen years of the u. s. geological survey\\norganizer and director for twenty years of\\nthe u. s. bureau of ethnology\\nwhose explorations of the canyons of the colorado in the\\ninterests of science confirm him one of the bravest,\\nmost heroic, and daring explorers\\nof the century", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "PREFACE\\nTHIS book is a growth of ten years visits to\\nthe most siibhme spectacle of earth. Hence\\nit is not an ordinary book of hasty travel and hur-\\nried description, but is the accumulated result of\\nrenewed visits and many explorations.\\nI desire that it should stimulate the interest of\\nthose who know but little of the wonders of the\\nGrand Canyon and serve as a useful handbook to\\nthe Canyon traveller before, during, and after his\\ntrip.\\nThere are far more trails into the heart of the\\nGrand Canyon region than many professed experts\\neven suspect. On the south walls there are ten,\\nand another ten or more into the fascinating Cata-\\nract Canyon, where dwell the Havasupai Indians,\\nThe ten trails of the Grand Canyon region, begin-\\nning at Lee s Ferry eastwards, and continuing south-\\nwest to Diamond Creek, are as follows\\n1. Lee s Ferry. Reached by wagon from Wins-\\nlow, Canyon Diablo, Flagstaff, and other points on\\nthe Santa Fe Railway.\\n2. The Marble Canyon Trail, not far from the\\nShinumo Altar. This trail was used by Navahos\\nand Paiutis for many years. It was recently blown\\nup with dynamite and rendered impassable by cattle", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "viii PREFACE\\nmen, to prevent cattle thieves from crossing the\\nriver with stolen stock.\\n3. The old Hopi (Moki) Salt Trail into the Little\\nColorado and Grand Canyons. Reached from the\\nHopi villages.\\n4. The Tanner Trail, a few miles west of the\\nLittle Colorado River. This trail can now be\\nreached on horseback or by conveyance from the\\nterminus of the Grand Canyon Railway.\\n5. The Red Canyon Trail. This was the trail\\nused in the years 1895-98 by the tourists who\\nw^ere taken to the Canyon by stage from Flag-\\nstaff. It was incorrectly called the new Hance\\nTrail.\\n6. The Old Trail, incorrectly known as the\\nHance Trail. This was the first trail used by\\ntourists taken to the Canyon from Flagstaff, prior\\nto the opening of the Red Canyon Trail. As else-\\nw^here explained, it was in use by the Plavasupai\\nIndians for untold centuries. Hance improved it\\nand located upon it. It is now washed out and\\npractically inaccessible. The scenery about the\\nhead of this trail has become so familiar that it is\\nfully pictured herein.\\n7. The Grand View Trail. This is the trail to\\nwhich tourists were taken from Flagstaff in the\\nyears 1897-99. was and is a great improve-\\nment in every way over the Red Canyon and Old\\nTrails, and will still afford great satisfaction to the\\ntourist who desires to visit it. Stages or other con-\\nveyances run from the terminus of the Grand Can-\\nyon Railway, or the horseback rider will find it an", "height": "3104", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "PREFACE ix\\neasy ride to go over the trail along the rim from the\\nhead of the Bright Angel Trail to the Grand View\\nTrail.\\n8. The Bright Angel Trail. This is the trail\\nreached by the Grand Canyon Railway. The hotel\\nis located at the terminus of the line and within a\\nfew hundred feet of the rim. Its scenic Points are\\nHopi, Cyclorama, and O Neill, the former being a\\nvast promontory thrusting its nose into the heart of\\nthe Canyon to the west of the hotel, the latter being\\nwithin half a mile of the hotel to the east.\\n9. The Mystic Spring Trail, owned by Mr. W.\\nW. Bass, whose Canyon experiences I have deemed\\nworthy of extended notice in these pages. This\\nis twenty-two miles west of the Grand Canyon Rail-\\nway terminus, and is reached by regular stages,\\nspecial conveyance, or horseback.\\n10. The Peach Springs Road to the mouth of\\nDiamond Creek and the Colorado River. Reached\\nfrom Peach Springs on the Santa Fe Railway.\\nIn the following pages I shall describe briefly or\\notherwise and picture all these roads and trails,\\nexcept numbers two, three, and four, which are now\\npractically inaccessible.\\nFor ten years the only method of travel to the\\nGrand Canyon was by stage, from Flagstaff, Wil-\\nliams, or Ashfork. While the major part of the\\nvisitors journeyed from Flagstaff, I have described\\nthe less known route from Ashfork. Now, the\\ngeneral visitor leaves the Santa Fe transcontinental\\nline at Williams, and, over the tracks of the Santa\\nFe Grand Canyon Railway, crosses the Painted", "height": "3104", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "X PREFACE\\nDesert in a parlor or Pullman car as herein\\ndescribed.\\nMy preference for the simple and unaccented\\nEnglish canyon over the Spanish accented\\ncanon is so marked that I can but characterize\\nas wilfully perverse those who persist in burden-\\ning our already overweighted language with a new\\nand foreign accent for which there is no necessity.\\nAfter consultation with Major J. W. Powell,\\nformer Director, and the Hon. C. D. Walcott, present\\nDirector of the United States Geological Survey, I\\nhave named, with their signal approval, the great\\npromontories or points of the south wall of this peer-\\nless gorge after the Indian tribes of the region; and\\nhave given the names of the noted earlier and later\\nexplorers of our Southwest, and of the great geolo-\\ngists of the world, to those marked interior features\\nof the Canyon seen from popular points of view.\\nTo do this it has been necessary to change four\\nnames. These were Bissell, Moran, Grand View, and\\nRowe Points, which have been called Comanche,\\nUte, Paiuti, and Hopi Points, to correspond with\\nHavasupai, Mohave, Chemehuevi, Wallapai, and\\nApache Points farther west and south.\\nAnd now a few words as to where this book was\\nwritten and compiled. In as many and varied\\nplaces, almost, as ever book was transcribed on\\npaper. While stopping for a few moments rest in\\ndescending trails in the darkness of the night in\\nthe depths of the Canyon on the driver s seat or\\ninside of the jolting stage; stretched on a roll of\\nblankets in a springless wagon in the heart of a", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "PREFACE\\nXI\\nfierce storm on the Painted Desert shivering, wet\\nthrough, at night in a side gorge of the Bright\\nAngel Trail wearied out, waiting for water and\\na horse after an exhausting three days in Trail\\nCanyon stretched on the sand, with the fierce roar\\nof the demons of the Colorado River in my ear;\\nThe Author at Work at his Camp in the Grand\\nCanyon.\\nunder the trees at Lee s Ferry; baking in the sun\\nnear Willow Spring; on the summit of the San\\nFrancisco Mountains on Williams Mountain, Sun-\\nset Peak, or in the deepest depths of the Colorado\\nwaterway; on the plateaux above, or by the side of\\nHavasu the blue water of Cataract Creek on\\nfoot and on horseback, in bed and in cave, any-\\nwhere, everywhere, whenever a scene demanded", "height": "3104", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "xii PREFACE\\ndescription or a thouglit suggested written expres-\\nsion, there a part of this book was born.\\nAnd here where I am completing and finally\\narranging it what book ever had such a compos-\\ning room Under the shelter of an overhanging\\nrock with pinion boughs piled up and canvas\\nstretched to completely exclude the sun all day; the\\npurest air of earth freely circulating around me, and\\nthe bluest sky of earth ever above me below, the\\nbrink of the greatest ororo^e known to man, and with\\nits wonders daily and nightly spread out before me\\nHuethawali, Le Conte Plateau, Mystic Spring\\nPlateau, Dutton Point and Powell Arch, and the\\nsrreat mural fronts of the north wall ever confront-\\ning me now and again aroused by strong breezes\\nblowing through the pinion and juniper trees that\\ndot the sloping talus at my feet anon thundered\\nand rained upon in the fierce and sharp storm, but,\\ngenerally, in an absolute stillness that can be felt\\nand that the poet must have experienced when he\\nwrote\\nFew are the spots so deathly still,\\nSo wrapt in deep eternal gloom\\nNo sound is heard of sylvan rill,\\nA voiceless silence seems to fill\\nThe air around this rocky tomb.\\nMy paper-weights are pieces of limestone, my\\nshelf a rude deal box, my side desk a huge boulder,\\nmy table made in rough camp style, with my seat\\na packing box at one end, and my blankets\\nstretched on the solid rock at the other end, this\\nis where, and these the circumstances under which,", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "PREFACE xiii\\nthe tangled threads of description of the past decade\\nare being woven into the warp and woof of con-\\nnected story. Hence, whatever of reprobation or\\ncommendation this book may call forth, it possesses\\nat least one virtue, and that is, of being the highest\\nand best endeavor of which the author is capable,\\nto present truthfully the scenes described under\\ntheir own inspiration.\\nGEORGE WHARTON JAMES.\\nAuthor Amphitheatre, Bass Camp,\\nGrand Canyon, August, 1899.", "height": "3104", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION\\nFOR magnificent majesty, gorgeous coloring, and\\nmultiplicity of sculptured forms the Grand\\nCanyon of the Colorado River has no rival in the\\nworld. Three hundred and fifty years ago Cardenas\\nand his band of Spanish explorers, sent by the con-\\nquistador Coronado from Zuni, tried to reach its\\ndeeply embedded river, but wearily gave up the\\nattempt. Many, in the years since, have stood upon\\nits awful brink and gazed upon the tiny silvery\\nthread below, and have endeavored to reach it,\\ngenerally in vain. Lieutenant Ives of the United\\nStates Corps of Topographical Engineers tried to\\nmake his way into the heart of the mystical Canyon\\nfrom the open river of the desert below, but was\\ndriven back, baffled and disheartened, by the fierce\\nand raging stream. Then he started to explore it\\nfrom above, and, after many days of wearisome\\njourneyings, wrote:\\nThis region can be approached only from the south,\\nand after entering it there is nothing to do but to leave.\\nOurs has been the first, and will doubtless be the last party\\nof whites to visit this profitless locality.\\nIn 1871 Captain George M. Wheeler, with a band\\nof able assistants and brave men, ascended far above\\nthe spot from which Ives had been driven, and in\\nthirt3^-three days of frightful hardship and incredible", "height": "3104", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "xvi INTRODUCTION\\nrisks and dangers explored the mouth of the Grand\\nCanyon up as far as Diamond Creek.\\nIn the mean time Major John Wesley Powell\\nwas making in 1869-71 those full and exhaustive\\nexplorations and accomplishing that never suffi-\\nciently lauded trip of his down the waters of the\\nColorado that changed our knowledge of the canyons\\nof this great waterway from fragment and conjecture\\nto completeness and certainty.\\nThese and other explorations are more fully\\ndescribed in later chapters, mainly in the explorers\\nown vivid and fresh words, and published largely\\nin stern government records. They are more\\nthrilling than the wildest romances, and exhibit\\nexciting pictures of men who, in the interests of\\nscience and knowledge, quietly and calmly faced\\nthe most frightful dangers and risked awful death\\nso often that they became unconscious of their\\nsublime heroism. To read and picture such scenes,\\npowerfully and healthfully stimulates the soul, and,\\nin these da3^s of money-getting and militarism, it is\\nwell not to overlook the glorious deeds of our\\nheroes of peace.\\nIn the arrangement of this book I have first of\\nall described the Colorado River and its series of\\nconnecting canyons. Then, after allotting due space\\nto condensed narrations of the various exploring\\nparties, I have described the stage and railway rides\\nto the Canyon from the main line of the Santa Fe\\nroute. After recording a few of the First Im-\\npressions many visitors have written, I ask the\\nreader to accompany me to various portions of the\\nrim of the Canyon and make the descent down", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xvii\\nall the easily accessible trails to the river, viz., The\\nGrand View, Bright Angel, Mystic Spring, and\\nPeach Springs Trails, after which several chapters\\nare devoted to the trails more difficult of access;\\nthen to the Cataract or Havasu Canyon the Hava-\\nsupai Indians; the waterfalls and caves of their\\ncanyon the Botany and Geology of the Grand\\nCanyon with a final chapter on Religious and\\nother Impressions felt and enjoyed at various\\ntimes while under the Canyon s spell.\\nIf the record of the daring explorations of Ives,\\nPowell, Wheeler, Stanton, and others, and of my\\nown wanderings and adventures in this wondrous\\nregion in the heart of the United States, excites in\\nthe minds of my readers even a small part of my\\nown enthusiasm, my years of toil, trial, deprivation,\\nand accompanying pleasures will find most adequate\\nand satisfactory complement.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nPage\\nPreface vii\\nIntroduction xv\\nChaptkr\\nI. The Colorado River and its Canyons i\\nII. Explorations from the Tlme of the Spaniards\\n(1540) TO Major J. W. Powell (1S69) 11\\nIII. Explorations by Major J. W. Powell (1869-72) 20\\nIV. Later Explorations 36\\nV. Flagstaff, the San Francisco Mountains, the\\nCliff and Cave Dwellings, and the Dead\\nVolcanoes 44\\nVI. From the Santa Fe Railway to the Canyon\\nBY Stage 53\\nVII. To THE Canyon by Railway, and a Few Prac-\\ntical Suggestions to the Tourist 65\\n^TII. First Impressions 74\\nIX. What does one See? 80\\nX. On the Rim 87\\nXI. The Grand View Trait 125\\nXII. The Bright Angel Trail 130\\nXIII. Two Days Hunt for a Boat in a Side Gorge\\nnear the Bright Angel Trail 139\\nXIV. The Mystic Spring Iran 147\\nX\\\\. Three Days of Exploring in Trail Canyon\\nWITH the Wrong Companion 160", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "XX CONTENTS\\nChapter Page\\nXVI. Mr. W. W. Bass and his Canyon Experiences 171\\nXVII. The Shinumo and its Ancient Inhabitants 197\\nXVIII. Peach Springs Trail 204\\nXIX. Lee s Ferry and the Journey thither. 210\\nXX. John D. Lee and the Mountain Meadows\\nMassacre 223\\nXXI. Up and Down Glen and Marble Canyons 230\\nXXII. The Old Hopi Salt Trail 239\\nXXIII. The Tanner-French Trail 242\\nXXIV. The Red Canyon and Old Trails 248\\nXXV. Grand Canyon Forest Reserve 253\\nXXVI. The Topocobya Trail and Havasu (Cataract)\\nCanyon 256\\nXXVII. The Havasupai Indians and their Canyon\\nHome 275\\nXXVIII. Havasu (Cataract) Canyon and its Water-\\nfalls and Limestone Caves 289\\nXXIX. An Adventure in Beaver Canyon 303\\nXXX. The Geology of the Grand Canyon 311\\nXXXI. Botany of the Grand Canyon 321\\nXXXII. Religious and other Impressions in the\\nGrand Canyon 326\\nXXXIII. Photographing the Grand Canyon 334\\nBibliography of the Grand Canyon Region 339", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "ILLUSTRAriONS\\nTemples and Buttes to the East from the Grand Scenic\\nDivide Frontispiece\\nA Dangerous Rapid in the Grand Canyon Vignette on Title\\nMajor J. W. Powell Paoc v\\nThe Author at Work at his Camp in the Grand Canyon xi\\nAcross the Canyon from Grand Mew (Faiuti Point)\\nNewberry Terrace and Vishnu Temple well\\nshown Facing page i\\nCrude Sketch of Canyon Outline as seen from Paiuti,\\nHopi, or Havasupai Points ^g 7\\nApache Point from Wallapai Point, showing Vaca Wall,\\nMarcos Monument, and Alarcon Bend Facing; page 12\\nThe Colorado River and the Needles, California Page 16\\nMajor Powell s Boat in Glen Canyon 21\\nDellenbaugh Butte, Green River 23\\nBonito Bend 26\\nThe Watering Troughs at Cedar Ranch on the Wav from\\nFlagstaff to the Canyon 45\\nTlie Flagstaff Stage in Sight of the San Francisco Moun-\\ntains 55\\nLooking for the Caves 57\\nButton Point, Forty Miles Away 63\\nSunset on the Rim of the Grand Canyon Facing page 68\\nAyer Peak, Overlooking the Old Trail 74\\nTwo of the Three Castles, Overlooking the Old\\nTrail 76\\nThe Three Castles, Overlooking the Old Trail Page 78\\nMount Observation and Dutton Point from Surprise Out-\\nlook Facing page 80\\nDutton Point and .Masonic Temple from the Grand\\nScenic Divide Page Si\\nKohonino Forest and Point from near Comanche Point 83", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "xxii ILLUSTRATIONS\\nLooking East from Paiuti Point. TInee Castles, Ayer\\nPeak, Comanche and Navaho Points to the Right;\\nVishnu Temple, Cape Final, and Shinto Temple to\\nthe Left Facing page 86\\nAngel Gate, Newberry Terrace, Buddha and Zo-\\nroaster Temples from the Grand View Plateau 90\\nEastern End of Mount Observation P -^-g 94\\nDick Pillar at the End of Grand Scenic Divide 96\\nIn Trail Canyon, looking across to Bass Tomb and Dox\\nCastle 100\\nFossil Mountain 102\\nDarwin Wall Evolution Amphitheatre 104\\nThor Hammer 109\\nThe Author and his Burro 113\\nShinumo Altar Marble Canyon 116\\nPompey Pillar 117\\nVishnu Temple from Upper Plateau, Grand View Trail 119\\nAncient Havasupai Lookout Head of Mystic Spring\\nTrail 123\\nIn the Granite at the Foot of Grand View Trail 125\\nLooking down to the River from the Grand View Trail Facing page 1 26\\nDendritic Formation in Caves Grand View Trail Page 128\\nBattleship Iowa on Bright Angel Trail 131\\nPillars of Erosion on Bright Angel Trail Facing page 132\\nThe Colorado River from Angel Plateau, showing\\nZoroaster Temple and Angel Gate 138\\nDad, John, and W. W. Bass P^\\\\i^^ 39\\nO Neill Point from Bright Angel Hotel 141\\nTemporary Hotel at the Head of Bright Angel Trail 144\\nOn the Mystic Spring Trail 148\\nThe Colorado River from near Dick Pillar on the Grand\\nScenic Divide Facing page 150\\nSeal Head Rock, near Mystic Spring P^gi^ 53\\nBurros Drinking at Mystic Spring 155\\nWheeler Fold in Trail Canyon 157\\nTlie Ladder to the Spring at Bed Rock Camp 158\\nThe Colorado River in the Inner Gorge at the Foot of the\\nMystic Spring Trail Facing page 158\\nLooking down Trail Canyon Pi^g*^ 161", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "ILLUSTRATIONS xxiii\\nJoe, the Burro; Shep, the Dog; \\\\V. \\\\V. Bass, the Canyon\\nGuide Page 174\\nNear where McKinney was found by the Havasupais 186\\nW. W. Bass and his Indian Pony, Silver 193\\nBass s Winter Camp on the Shinumo Facing page 196\\nCrossing the Colorado River to the Shinumo Page 199\\nRocky Pillar at the Mouth of the Shinumo 201\\nOn the Shinumo 202\\nAt the Mouth of Diamond Creek in the Grand Canyon 204\\nPowell Pyramid at the Foot of Peach Springs Trail 206\\nOn the Way to Lee s Ferry 210\\nIn the Boxing of the Little Colorado 215\\nInterior of Navaho Hogan 217\\nMineral Spring in the Canyon of the Little Colorado 219\\nLooking across the Colorado River between the Upper and\\nLower Lee s Ferry to the Entrance of Paria Creek 221\\nJohn D. Lee and his two Favorite Wives 226\\nA Bend in Glen Canyon of the Colorado River Facing page 230\\nPanning Gold in Glen Canyon Page 233\\nThe Author swimming in the Colorado River 234\\nThe Marble Canyon of the Colorado River Facing page 234\\nNoon Lunch in Glen Canyon Pa^e 236\\nSoap Creek Rapids, below which Frank M. Brown lost\\nhis Life Facing page 238\\nSalt Spring in the Little Colorado Canyon Pat^e 240\\nThe Work of Erosion on the Rim 243\\nNonconformable Strata on Red Canyon Trail 249\\nThe Colorado River at the Foot of the Old Trail 251\\nThe River from Ute Point Facing page 254\\nAt the Head of Topocobya Trail into Havasu Canyon 256\\nAt the Topocobya Spring Pa ^e 261\\nOverhanging Capitals on the Topocobya Trail 263\\nShields and Pictographs on Walls of Havasu Canyon 265\\nIn the Havasu Canyon 267\\nOn the Topocobya Trail Steps, where Mrs. Long s Horse\\nfell 270\\nTo-hol-woh Frame 280\\nNavaho, the Kohot, or Chief of the Havasupais 2S3\\nOldest Squaw of the Kohot Navaho 284", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "xxiv ILLUSTRATIONS\\nChick-a-pan-a-gi Page 285\\nMan-a-ka-cha, present Kohot, or Chief of the Havasupais 286\\nHavasupai Girls playing Game of Hui-ta-qui -chi-ka 287\\nWig-li-i-wa and the Havasu (Bluewater) Facing page 288\\nNavaho Falls, Havasu Canyon Page 289\\nBridal Veil Falls, Havasu Canyon 293\\nHavasu between Bridal Veil Falls and Mooney Fall 297\\nLimestone Accretions in Havasu Canyon Facing page 298\\nHavasu Canyon and Mooney Fall 302\\nWa-lu-tha-ma telling the Story on our Return Page ^xo\\nStrata of the Little Colorado, Figures A and B 313\\nOn the Red Canyon Trail, showing Nonconformable\\nStrata. Newberry Terrace and Vishnu Temple across\\nthe River 314\\nLyell Monument in the Corner of Standing Rocks 336", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3104", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "IN AND ARO UNO the\\nGRAND CANTON\\nCHAPTER I\\nTHE COLORADO RIVER AND ITS CANYONS\\nTHE Colorado River is unlike any other great\\nriver in the world. For present purposes\\nit seems to be almost useless. In a large part\\nof its course it drains an arid country which\\nneeds every drop of water thus carried away. It\\nis, therefore, a vampire curse instead of a fructi-\\nfying blessing. It is inaccessible to the general\\ntraveller, who, standing on its banks and gazing\\nupon its far-away stream, yet perishes with agoniz-\\ning thirst. No ordinary boat, whether propelled\\nby oars, steam, or electricity, can live and either\\nascend or descend its turbulent waters. Practi-\\ncally no fish are found in its undisturbed solitudes.\\nThough the country through which it flows is\\ndreadfully arid, it is so unaccommodating as to re-\\nfuse to be piped or pumped by any simple method\\nto relieve the Sahara above.\\nThough its carrying power is enormous, no\\ncommerce can place useful loads upon its rudely\\ntossing back. Though its electric potentiality\\nis great, it refuses to yield a single volt for any\\nuseful purpose. It is the wild, untamed, fero-\\ncious stallion of rivers, proud, self-willed, impetuous,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "rrp?\u00c2\u00ab- .Tv\\niri^\u00c2\u00ab^\\nmEu^;\\n-flMcsa^\\nf- ^y.i.\\n^(V^\\nLofiyright, IH JX, by H I eabody.\\nAcross thk Canyon, from Grand View (Paiuti Point) Newberry Terrace and Vishnu Temit.e well shown.", "height": "2668", "width": "5435", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "2 IN AND AROUND\\npowerful, wholly unrestrained and unrestrainable,\\nyet attractive, grand, and majestic.\\nAnd it is well that man finds such intractable\\nforces in nature. It is good for him to be held\\nin check occasionally. It is not beneficial for the\\nhuman to imao;ine that he is so divine that nothino^\\nearthly can withstand him. It is good to be made\\nto bow and to wait.\\nThis great river, named by the Spaniards Colo-\\nrado, or the Red, either because of the color of\\nits water or the striking red which is the predomi-\\nnating color of its walls, has its rise in the far-away\\nsnowy mountains of Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and\\nNew Mexico. Its upper branches are the Green\\nand the Grand rivers. The former of these, which\\nis the upper continuation of the Colorado, has its\\nsource in Alpine lakes, fed by the everlasting snows\\nof the mountains. It heads approximately in lati-\\ntude 43\u00c2\u00b0 15 and longitude 109\u00c2\u00b0 45\\nThousands of these little lakes, with deep, cold, emer-\\nald waters, are embosomed among the crags of the Rocky\\nMountains. These streams, born in the cold, gloomy\\nsolitudes of the upper mountain region, have a strange,\\neventful history as they pass down through gorges, tum-\\nbling in cascades and cataracts, until they reach the hot,\\narid plains of the Lower Colorado, where the waters that\\nwere so clear above, empty, as turbid floods, into the Gulf\\nof California, in latitude 31\u00c2\u00b0 53 and longitude 115\u00c2\u00b0.\\nJ. W. Powell.\\nThere are two distinct portions of the basin of\\nthe Colorado, the lower third and the upper two-\\nthirds. This upper portion rises from about four\\nto eight thousand feet above the level of the sea,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 3\\nand is set about with mountains ranging upwards\\nto over fourteen thousand feet.\\nAll winter long, on its mountain-crested rim, snow\\nfalls, filling the gorges, half burying the forests, and cover-\\ning the crags and peaks with a mantle woven by the winds\\nfrom the waves of the sea, a mantle of snow. When the\\nsummer sun comes, this snow melts, and tumbles down\\nthe mountain-sides in millions of cascades. Ten million\\ncascade brooks unite to form ten thousand torrent creeks;\\nten thousand torrent creeks unite to form a hundred rivers\\nbeset with cataracts a hundred roaring rivers unite to form\\nthe Colorado, which rolls a mad, turbid stream, into the\\nGulf of California. J. W. Powell.\\nMeasuring the distance from the head of the\\nGreen River, in the Wind River Mountains, to the\\nmouth of the Colorado River in the Gulf of Cali-\\nfornia, the whole length of the stream is about two\\nthousand miles.\\nThe area of country drained by the Colorado and its\\ntributaries is about eight hundred miles in length, and\\nvaries from three to five hundred in width, containing\\nabout three hundred thousand square miles, an area\\nlarger than all the New England and Middle States, with\\nMaryland and Virginia added, or as large as Minnesota,\\nWisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri. J. W. Powell.\\nIt will readily be seen that these waters, dashing\\ndown to the sea, laden with rock debris, possess a\\npower of corrasion far in excess of any ordinary\\nriver, and, as a result, each of these upper and side\\nstreams, as well as the Colorado itself, cuts deeper,\\nand deeper, and deeper still into the rocks through\\nwhich lie their beds, until their sides are towering", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "4 IN AND AROUND\\ncliffs of solid rocks. And it is to these deep, narrow\\neorees that the name of canyons has been given.\\nFor more than a thousand miles along its\\ncourse, the Colorado has cut for itself such a can-\\nyon; but at some few points, where lateral streams\\njoin it, the canyon is broken, and narrow, transverse\\nvalleys divide it properly into a series of canyons.\\nThese are all named from some distinctive feature\\npossessed by each, such as Horseshoe Canyon\\nwhere the river takes a course directly into the\\nmountain, penetrating to its very heart, then wheels\\nback upon itself, and runs out into the valley from\\nwhich it started only half a mile below the point at\\nwhich it entered, thus forming an elongated letter\\nU, with the apex in the centre of the mountain;\\nWhirlpool Canyon Split Mountain Canyon Flam-\\ning Gorge Canyon of Desolation; Labyrinth Can-\\nyon Stillwater Canyon Cataract Canyon Glen\\nCanyon, and Marble Canyon and last and great-\\nest, and most wonderful of all, THE Grand\\nCanyon.\\nThe Grand Canyon begins at the mouth of the\\nColorado Chiquito (the Little Colorado) and ter-\\nminates at thg Grand Wash, a distance of two hun-\\ndred and seventeen and a half miles; and were it\\nnot separated from the Marble Canyon above by\\nthe narrow canyon valley of the Little Colorado, it\\nwould be sixty-five and a half miles longer, and thus\\nbecome possessed of additional grandeur.\\nThe name, the Grand Canyon, has been repeatedly in-\\nfringed for purposes of advertisement. The Canyon of the\\nYellowstone has been called The Grand Canyon. A more", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 5\\nflagrant piracy is the naming of the gorge of the Arkansas\\nRiver in Colorado The Grand Canyon of Colorado, and\\nmany persons who have visited it have been persuaded\\nthat they have seen the great chasm. These river valleys\\nare certainly very pleasing and picturesque, but there is no\\nmore comparison between them and the mighty chasm of\\nthe Colorado River than there is between the Alleghanies\\nor Trosachs and the Himalayas.\\nThose who have long and carefully studied the Grand\\nCanyon of the Colorado do not hesitate for a moment to\\npronounce it by far the most sublime of all earthly spec-\\ntacles. If its sublimity consisted only in its dimensions, it\\ncould be sufficiently set forth in a single sentence. It is\\nmore than two hundred miles long, from five to twelve\\nmiles wide, and from five thousand to six thousand feet\\ndeep. There are in the world valleys which are longer\\nand a few which are deeper. There are valleys flanked\\nby summits loftier than the palisades of the Kaibab. Still\\nthe Grant! Canyon is the sublimest thing on earth. It is\\nso not alone by virtue of its magnitudes, but by virtue of\\nthe whole its tout ensemble.\\nThe common notion of a canyon is that of a deep,\\nnarrow gash in the earth, with nearly vertical walls, like a\\ngreat and neatly cut trench. There are hundreds of\\nchasms in the Plateau Country (the country drained by the\\nColorado River) which answer very well to this notion.\\nMany of them are sunk to frightful depths and are fifty to a\\nhundred miles in length. Some are exceedingly narrow,\\nas the canyons of the forks of the Virgen, where the over-\\nhanging walls shut out the sky. Some are intricately\\nsculptured, and illuminated with brilliant colors; others\\nare picturesque by reason of their bold and striking sculp-\\ntures. A few of them are most solemn and impressive by\\nreason of their profundity and the majesty of their walls.\\nBut, as a rule, the common canyons are neither grand nor\\neven attractive upon first acquaintance. They are curious\\nand awaken interest as a new sensation, but they soon\\ngrow tiresome for want of diversity, and become at last", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "6 IN AND AROUND\\nmere bores. The impressions they produce are very-\\ntransient because of their great simpHcity and the hmited\\nrange of ideas they present. But there are some which\\nare highly diversified, presenting many attractive features.\\nThese seldom grow stale or wearisome, and their presence\\nis generally greeted with pleasure.\\nIt is perhaps in some respects unfortunate that the\\nstupendous pathway of the Colorado River through the\\nKaibabs was ever called a canyon, for the name identifies\\nit with the baser conception. But the name presents as\\nwide a range of signification as the word house. The\\nlog-cabin of the rancher, the painted and vine-clad cottage\\nof the mechanic, the home of the millionaire, the palaces\\nwhere parliaments assemble, and the grandest temples of\\nworship are all houses. Yet the contrast between St.\\nMark s and the rude dwelling of the frontiersman is not\\ngreater than that between the chasm of the Colorado and\\nthe trenches in the rocks which answer to the ordinary\\nconception of a canyon. And as a great cathedral is an\\nimmense development of the rudimentary idea involved in\\nthe four walls and roof of a cabin, so is the chasm an ex-\\npansion of the simple type of drainage channels peculiar\\nto the Plateau Country. To the conception of its vast pro-\\nportions must be added some notion of its intricate plan,\\nthe nobility of its architecture, its colossal buttes, its\\nwealth of ornamentation, the splendor of its colors, and its\\nwonderful atmosphere. All of these attributes combine\\nwith infinite complexity to produce a whole which at first\\nbewilders and at length overpowers. C. E. DUTTON.\\nA canyon indeed it truly is, but entirely different\\nfrom what all visitors expect to see. It is not a\\ndeep, narrow, gloomy gorge, into which the sun fails\\nto shine even at midday. It is, in reality, a series of\\ncanyons one within and below the other. Picture one\\ncanyon, a thousand feet deep and ten or twelve miles\\nacross below this, another canyon, but two miles", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 7\\nless in width and a thousand feet deeper than num-\\nber one then, still another, two thousand feet deeper\\nand four miles narrower, followed by yet another,\\ndeeper still and more miles narrower, until the inner\\nCherty\\nlimestone.\\nTalus.\\nCross-bedded\\nsandstone.\\ns^^Talus.\\nI Red\\nI sandstone.\\nTalus and interior lateau.\\n-^i^ Steps of red sandstone.\\nMarble wall.\\nTalus and lower plateau.\\nSteps of subcarboniferous.\\nThe inner gorge\\nthrough\\nwhich the\\nColorado River\\nflows.\\nCrude Sketch of Canyon Outline as seen from Paiuti,\\nHopi, OR Havasupai Points.\\nQ^oroe of o-ranite is reached, throuo^h which the roar-\\ning river flows, and you will have a better idea than\\never before.\\nWith these descriptions in mind the accom-\\npanying crude outline sketch of the Canyon, as", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "8 IN AND AROUND\\nseen from Paiuti, Hopi, or Havasupai Points will\\nbecome perfectly clear. On the rim is a stratum\\nof cherty limestone about six hundred feet thick.\\nAt its base the debris that has fallen from the face\\nof the cliff forms a sloping talus, which leads to the\\nedtre of a stratum of cross-bedded sandstone, also\\nabout six hundred feet thick. Below this is the fiery\\nred sandstone that leads to the upper plateau. Then,\\nsteps of an earlier deposit of red sandstone descend to\\nthe marble or red-wall limestone, as Dutton calls\\nit, at the base of which there are more taluses and\\nanother plateau sloping towards the subcarbonifer-\\nous rocks, which are superposed upon the archcean\\nschists, commonly called granites, of the inner\\ngorge, through the dark depths of which the river\\nwends its winding way.\\nThe Grand Canyon District, which lies in the\\narid region of southern Utah and northern Arizona,\\ncontains an area which is roughly estimated at from\\nthirteen thousand to sixteen thousand square miles,\\nor about the size of the State of Maryland. In\\nthis district there are, in less than five hundred\\nmiles, five hundred and twenty falls, cataracts, and\\nrapids. This district is arbitrarily divided into\\nvarious canyons as before stated.\\nCataract and Narrow Canyons are wonderful, Glen\\nCanyon is beautiful, Marble Canyon is mighty but it is\\nleft for the Grand Canyon, where the river has cut its way\\ndown through the sandstones, the marbles, and the granites\\nof the Kaibab Mountains, to form those beautiful and awe-\\ninspiring pictures that are seen from the bottom of the\\nblack granite gorge, where above us rise great wondrous\\nmountains of bright red sandstone, capped with cathedral", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 9\\ndomes and spires of white, with pinnacles, and turrets, and\\ntowers in such intricate form and flaming colors that words\\nfail to convey any idea of their beauty and sublimity.\\nRobert Brewster Stanton.\\nIt is interesting here to quote a few lines on\\nthe Colorado River from the gallant Pathfinder,\\nJohn C. Fremont. He says, in Memoirs of my\\nLife\\nThree hundred miles of its lower part, as it approaches\\nthe Gulf of California, is reported to be smooth and tran-\\nquil; but its upper part is manifestly broken into many\\nfalls and rapids. From many descriptions of trappers, it\\nis probable that in its foaming course among its lofty\\nprecipices it presents many scenes of wild grandeur; and\\nthough offering many temptations, and often discussed,\\nno trappers have been found bold enough to undertake a\\nvoyage which has so certain a prospect of a fatal termina-\\ntion. The Indians have strange stories of beautiful valleys\\nabounding with beaver, shut up among inaccessible walls\\nof rock in the lower course of the river, and to which the\\nneighboring Indians, in their occasional wars with the\\nSpaniards, and among themselves, drive their herds of\\ncattle and flocks of sheep, leaving them to pasture in\\nperfect security.\\nA singular geographical fact is connected with\\nthe Grand Canyon which well serves to illustrate\\nthe folly of some legislative boundary makers.\\nThe Grand and Marble Canyons cut the northwestern\\ncorner of Arizona completely oft from the rest of the\\nTerritory. Except by Lee s Ferry, and the long hot road\\nwhich leads to it, or by a far western route, this corner is\\ninaccessible from the south. It looks small enough on the\\nmap, but it is rather larger than the State of Connecticut,\\nand, save for a few scattered cattle-shacks, has no human\\nhabitation. T. MITCHELL Prudden.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "lo IN AND AROUND\\nIf papers are to be served upon any person, taxes\\nassessed, or jurors summoned from this sliced-off\\nportion of Arizona, the sheriff or his deputy must\\nride from Flagstaff to Lee s Ferry, and then out\\nover the Buckskin Mountains upon the Kaibab ere he\\ncan discharge his duty. To assess taxes costs more\\nthan they amount to. When the legislative bodies\\nof Arizona and Utah are composed of intelligent and\\nthinking men this senseless man-made boundary-\\nline will be abolished, and that of the Almighty\\nthe great chasm of the Colorado River stand in its\\nordained relationship between these two domains.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON ii\\nCHAPTER II\\nEXPLORATIONS FROM THE TIME OF THE SPANIARDS\\n(1540) TO MAJOR J. W. POWELL (1869)\\nI\\nN less than fifty years after the landing of\\nColumbus on the shores of the Western Hemi-\\nsphere, Spanish explorers and missionaries were\\ntravelling upon the Colorado River, following its\\ncourse a long way from its mouth, reaching it at\\nvarious points, and even visiting it on the east side\\nof its junction with the Colorado Chiquito, the\\nLittle Colorado, which, to this day, is one of\\nits most inaccessible points.\\nThese Spanish explorations were largely the\\nresult of that never to be forgotten first transcon-\\ntinental journey, made on foot by Don Alvar Nunez\\nCabeza de Vaca, the unfortunate treasurer of the\\nill-fated expedition of Panfilo de Narvaez to the\\ncoast of Florida. The stories of what he saw and\\nheard aroused the viceroy of New Spain Northern\\nMexico to send out a preliminary reconnoissance\\nparty under the direction of a trustworthy Fran-\\nciscan friar, Marcos de Niza. Marcos penetrated\\nArizona and went east as far as the now known\\npueblos of Zuni, in New Mexico. These, he was\\ntold, were the seven cities of Cibola. On his favor-\\nable report being presented to the viceroy, a large\\nand imposing expedition, under the command of", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "12 IN AND AROUND\\nthat young, handsome, adventurous, wealthy, and\\nfavored caballero, Don Vazquez de Coronado, was\\nsent forward to explore, subjugate, and possess the\\nnew lands in the name of God and the Kino^ of\\nSpain. After reaching Zuni, an expedition under\\nEnsign Tobar was sent to Moki, where he and his\\nsoldiers learned of a large river, on the banks of\\nwhich there were some people with very large\\nbodies.\\nAs Don Pedro de Tobar was not commissioned to go\\nfarther, he returned from there and gave this information\\nto the general, who despatched Don Garcia Lopez de Car-\\ndenas with about twelve companions to go to see this river.\\nHe was well received when he reached Tusayan, and was\\nentertained by the natives, who gave him guides for his\\njourney. They started from here loaded with provisions,\\nfor they had to go through a desert country before reach-\\ning the inhabited region, which the Indians said was more\\nthan tw^enty days journey. After they had gone twenty\\ndays they came to the banks of the river, which seemed to\\nbe more than three or four leagues above the stream which\\nflowed between them. Castenada.\\nWhen Coronado started on his land expedition,\\nMendoza sent out a sea expedition, commanded to\\nco-operate with it, placing two vessels under the\\ndirection of Hernando de Alarcon.\\nHe was instructed to sail northward, following the\\ncoast as closely as possible. He was to keep near the\\narmy, and communicate with it at every opportunity, trans-\\nporting the heavy baggage and holding himself ready at\\nall times to render any assistance which Coronado might\\ndesire. Alarcon sailed May 9, 1540, probably from\\nAcapulco.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0054.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0055.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0056.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 13\\nHe followed the shore closely and explored many-\\nharbors, but he nowhere succeeded in obtaining any news\\nof the army of Coronado. GEORGE PARKER WiNSHlP.\\nAt last, reaching the sand-bars and shoals at the\\nhead of the Gulf of California, and investigation\\nrevealing that he was at the mouth of a great river,\\nhe resolved to explore it, and,\\ntaking twenty men in two boats, started upstream on\\nThursday, August 26, 1540, when white men for the first\\ntime floated on the waters of the Colorado. The Indians\\nappeared on the river banks during the following day.\\nThe silence with which the strangers answered the threat-\\nening shouts of the natives, and the presence of the Indian\\ninterpreters in the boats, soon overcame the hostile attitude\\nof the savages. The European trifles which had been\\nbrought for gifts and for trading completed the work of\\nestablishing friendly relations, and the Indians soon became\\nso well disposed that they entirely relieved the Spaniards\\nof the labor of dragging the boats up the stream. A\\ncrowd of Indians seized the ropes by which the boats were\\nhauled against the current, and from this time on some of\\nthem were always ready to render this service to their vis-\\nitors. In this fashion the Spaniards continued northward,\\nreceiving abundant supplies of corn from the natives, whose\\nhabits and customs they had many excellent opportunities\\nfor observing. Alarcon instructed these people dutifully\\nin the worship of the cross, and continually questioned\\nthem about the places whose names Friar Marcos had\\nheard. He met with no success until he had travelled a\\nconsiderable distance up the river, when for the first time\\nhe found a man with whom his interpreter was able to\\nconverse. George Parker Winship.\\nHere he learned news of Coronado, but could get\\nnone of his men to go with a message across the", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0057.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "14 IN AND AROUND\\ncountry to Cibola, where he was assured his land\\ncoadjutor would be found. Much to his regret\\nAlarcon was compelled to return to his vessels at\\nthe mouth of the river, but it was only to start up\\nas^ain with three boats filled with wares of ex-\\nchange, with corne and other seedes, hennes and\\ncockes of Castille.\\nStarting September 14, he found the hidians as friendly\\nas before, and ascended tlie river, as he judged, about 85\\nleagues, which may have taken him to the point where the\\ncanyons begin. A cross was erected to inform Coronado,\\nin case an expedition from Cibola should reach this part\\nof the river, that he had tried to fulfil his duty, but nothing\\nmore was accomplished. George Parker VVinship.\\nIn September of the same year (1540) Melchior\\nDiaz started from tlie valley of Corazones, or Hearts\\n(where Coronado had left him in charge of seventy\\nor eighty men with twenty-five men to endeavor to\\nreach the seacoast and find Alarcon.\\nHurrying across the desert region, he travelled slowly\\nup the coast until he reached the mouth of a river which\\nwas large enough for vessels to enter. The country was\\ncold, and the Spaniards observed that when the natives\\nhereabouts wished to keep warm, they took a burning\\nstick and held it to their abdomens and shoulders. This\\ncurious habit led the Spaniards to name the river Fire-\\nbrand Rio del Tizon. Near the mouth of the river was\\na tree on which was written, A letter is at the foot of\\nthis. Diaz dug down and found a jar wrapped so care-\\nfully that it was not even moist. The enclosed papers stated\\nthat Francisco de Alarcon reached this place in the year\\n40 with three ships, having been sent in search of Fran-\\ncisco Vazquez Coronado by the viceroy, D. Antonio de\\nMendoza and after crossing the bar at the mouth of the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0058.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 15\\nriver and waiting many days without obtaining any news,\\nhe was obHged to depart, because the ships were being\\neaten by worms, the terrible Teredo navalis.\\nDiaz determined to cross the river, hoping that the\\ncountry might become more attractive. The passage was\\naccomphshed, with considerable danger, by means of cer-\\ntain large wicker baskets, which the natives coated with a\\nsort of bitumen, so that the water could not leak through.\\nFive or six Indians caught hold of each of these and swam\\nacross, guiding it and transporting the Spaniards with\\ntheir baggage, and being supported in turn by the raft.\\nDiaz marched inland for four days, but not finding any\\npeople in the country, which became steadily more barren,\\nhe decided to return to Corazones Valley. The party\\nmade its way back to the country of the giants without\\naccident, and then one night, while Diaz was watching the\\ncamp, a small dog began to bark and chase the flock of\\nsheep which the men had taken with them for food. Un-\\nable to call the dog off, Diaz started after him on horse-\\nback and threw his lance while on the gallop. The weapon\\nstuck up in the ground, and before Diaz could stop or turn\\nhis horse, which was running loose, the socket pierced his\\ngroin. The soldiers could do little to relieve his suffer-\\nings, and he died before they reached the settlement,\\nwhere they arrived January 18, 1541. George Parker\\nVVlNSHIP.\\nIn 1746 Padre Consag explored the Gulf of Cal-\\nifornia as far as the mouth of the Colorado River,\\nand in 1776 Sylvestre Escalante, a Spanish priest,\\ncrossed the river in Glen Canyon, at a place\\nstill known as El Vado de los Padres, the cross-\\ning of the fathers. About the same time, Padre\\nFrancisco Garces travelled extensively in the region\\nof the canyon and visited the Havasupais in Cat-\\naract Canyon.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0059.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "i6\\nIN AND AROUND\\nEarly in this century Lieutenant Hardy of the\\nBritish Navy made a Hmited survey of the lower\\nwaters of the Colorado, and in 1846-47 the United\\nStates Army of the West crossed on their way\\nto California.\\nIn 1853 the Sitgreaves expedition which left\\nits sien in the name Mount Sito^reaves, a moun-\\nThe Colorado River and the Needles, California.\\ntain near the San Francisco range was organ-\\nized for the purpose of determining whether the\\nZuni River flowed into the Colorado. This party,\\nafter travelling below^ the Falls of the Little Col-\\norado, in its westward journeyings, struck the Colo-\\nrado River about a hundred and fifty miles above\\nYuma.\\nThree years later, Lieutenant Whipple s survey", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0060.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 17\\nfor a practical railroad route to the Pacific Coast\\nalong the thirty-fifth parallel led him to the Col-\\norado River, and an exploration was made of the\\nBlack Canyon (below the Grand) and of the lower\\nportion of the Grand Canyon as high up as\\nDiamond Creek.\\nIt is possible there may have been expeditions\\nthrough the Canyon made by adventurous white\\nexplorers even before the time of Powell, but this\\nis only conjecture, based upon the fact that in the\\nlower part of Cataract Canyon Mr. Stanton dis-\\ncovered the name of I Julien, 1836, deeply carved\\nin the face of the rock. Mr. F. A. Nims, the pho-\\ntographer of the Stanton expedition, says of this\\ninscription, which was six feet above what was\\nthen the bed of the river:\\nAs it could only have been done from the water by\\nsome one either in a boat or on a raft, the only solution we\\ncould arrive at was that it was done by one of a party of\\nCanadian voyageurs, which is reported to have attempted\\nto explore this part of the country in 1836 thirty-three\\nyears before Major Powell and his party made their mem-\\norable trip, and fifty-three years before we followed. What\\nbecame of them I have been unable to ascertain. No\\nwritten account has ever been published of their journey.\\nDr. Parry, the distinguished botanist of the Mex-\\nican Boundary Commission, was once led into writ-\\ning an account of a trip supposedly made through\\nthe Canyon by James White, a Wisconsin miner.\\nThis man was afterwards employed by Major\\nPowell, and it was then found that the published\\naccount of his trip was largely erroneous. He had\\nsome adventures in the Canyon, but they were small", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0061.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "I 8 IN AND AROUND\\nand insignificant compared with the stories circu-\\nlated about them.\\nIn 1855, a party of several men, led by one Ash-\\nley, made an attempt to come through the can-\\nyons, and they were soon wrecked, and all but\\nAshley and one companion drowned. Powell thus\\nrefers to Ashley in his Explorations\\nOn a high rock by which the trail passes we find\\nthe inscription: Ashley 18-5. The third figure is\\nobscure some of the party reading it 1835, some 1855.\\nJames Baker, an old-time mountaineer, once told me\\nabout a party of men starting down the river, and Ashley\\nwas named as one. The story runs that the boat was\\nswamped, and some of the party drowned in one of the\\ncanyons below. The word Ashley is a warning to us,\\nand we resolve on great caution.\\nAshley Falls is the name we give to the cataract we\\nhave just passed. Eight days later we discover an iron\\nbake oven, several tin plates, a part of a boat, and many\\nother fragments, which denote the spot where Ashley s\\nparty came to disaster and, possibly, death.\\nIn 1857, Lieutenant Ives was placed in command\\nof an expedition, organized by the War Depart-\\nment, for the purpose of discovering whether sup-\\nplies for the military posts of New Mexico and\\nUtah could be transported by water up the Colo-\\nrado River. He was instructed to explore the\\nriver from its mouth as far as navigation was pos-\\nsible. In a steamboat (which was specially con-\\nstructed in Philadelphia, shipped in sections via the\\nIsthmus of Panama to San Francisco and thence\\naround Cape St. Lucas into the Gulf of California to\\nthe mouth of the river, and there put together), he", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0062.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE GRx\\\\ND CANYON 19\\nascended to the head of Black Canyon, a few miles\\nbelow the confluence of the Virgen River in Nevada.\\nAt this point he decided that navigation could\\nbe pursued no farther, so, sending the vessel back\\nto Fort Yuma, he crossed the country to the north-\\neast, reaching the Colorado River again at Diamond\\nCreek. Continuing his journey eastward he en-\\ntered Cataract Canyon (briefly described in later\\npages of this book), visited the Havasupai Indians,\\nthen made a wide southward detour around the\\nSan Francisco Peaks, crossed the Little Colorado,\\nand journeyed thence northeast to the pueblos of\\nthe Hopis. After a short stay there he went east-\\nward to Fort Defiance, and finally returned to\\neastern civilization.\\nThe report of Lieutenant Ives is a most fascina-\\nting large quarto volume, illustrated by marvellous\\npictures of the Grand Canyon and other scenes from\\nthe pencils of Mollhausen and Eggloffstein. Those\\nof the latter artist are as artistic and attractive as\\nthey are untrue and belittling. Dutton, speaking\\nof these sketches of the Kaibab region in his mon-\\nograph on the Grand Canyon, says Never was\\na great subject more artistically misrepresented or\\nmore charmingly belittled. Yet the report itself is\\nremarkably interesting, and, being the first volume\\npublished on the wonders of the Grand Canyon,\\nthough only a small portion of it, it is invaluable\\nboth to the student and to those who would know\\nin detail the difficulties that have beset the path-\\nway of the pioneers who first trod the banks of\\nthe encanyoned river.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0063.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "20 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER III\\nEXPLORATIONS BY MAJOR J. W. POWELL (186972)\\nUP to this time it will be seen that no adequate\\nsurvey of the Colorado River or its canyons\\nhad been made. Exploring parties or individuals\\nhad touched it here and there, but there had been\\nno thorough and satisfactory exploration. It was\\nleft to the untiring energy, persistent zeal, and\\nscientific instincts of Major J. W. Powell to accom-\\nplish the impossible for Indians, miners, pros-\\npectors, cowboys, Spanish explorers, and United\\nStates government of^cers were a unit in saying\\nthat it was a practical impossibility to ride down\\nthe Colorado River from its source to its mouth.\\nExaggerated stories of Ives report reached the\\nears of the miners, prospectors, and hunters who\\nwandered into the country, and these, in time,\\nstarted other stories equally exciting, which aroused\\nmuch interest and curiosity, although it is doubtful\\nwhether any of them had much, if any, foundation\\nin fact.\\nTales were told of parties entering the gorge in boats,\\nand being carried down with fearful velocity into whirl-\\npools, where all were overwhelmed in the abyss of waters;\\nothers, of underground passages for the great river, into\\nwhich boats had passed never to be seen again. It was", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0064.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n21\\ncurrently believed that the river was lost under the rocks\\nfor several hundred miles. There were other accounts of\\ngreat falls, whose roaring music could be heard on the dis-\\ntant mountain summits. There were many stories current\\nof parties wandering on the brink of the canyon, vainly\\nendeavoring to reach the waters below, and perishing with\\nthirst at last in sight of the river which was roaring its\\nmockery into dying ears.\\nThe Indians, too, have\\nwoven the mysteries of\\nthe canyons into the\\nmyths of their religion.\\nLong ago, there was a\\ngreat and wise chief, who\\nmourned the death of\\nhis wife, and would not\\nbe comforted until Ta-\\nvwoats, one of the Indian\\ngods, came to him, and\\ntold him she was in a\\nhappier land, and offered\\nto take him there, that he\\nmight see for himself,\\nif, upon his return, he\\nwould cease to mourn.\\nThe great chief pro-\\nmised. Then Ta-vwoats made a trail through the moun-\\ntains that intervene between that beautiful land, the balmy\\nregion in the Great West, and this, the desert home of the\\npoor Nu-ma.\\nThis trail was the Canyon Gorge of the Colorado.\\nThrough it he led him and when they had returned, the\\ndeity exacted from the chief a promise that he would tell\\nno one of the joys of that land, lest, through discontent\\nwith the circumstances of this world, they should desire to\\ngo to heaven. Then he rolled a river into the gorge, a\\nmad, raging stream, that should engulf any that might\\nattempt to enter thereby. J. W. POWELL.\\nMajor Powell s Boat ix Glen\\nCanyon.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0065.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "22 IN AND AROUND\\nThe wondrous daring of Powell s expedition can\\nwell be understood when it is known that to this\\nday it is a common thing for those whose work\\ntakes them to the rim to declare unhesitatingly\\nthat Powell never went through the whole of the\\nCanyon. They say Stanton may have done so, but\\nthat was only because he had the information that\\nPowell gleaned from the banks of the Canyon to aid\\nhim. The Indians also declare that it is a physical\\nimpossibility, and, as will be related later, it was\\ntheir disbelief in the statements of Powell s men\\n(those who left the expedition before its close) that\\nled to the murder of those three unfortunates.\\nTo Powell, then, the honor and credit belong,\\nand to him will freely be accorded the claim I have\\nmade in my dedication when it is known what in-\\ncredible difficulties his daring, intrepidity, and cour-\\nage, backed by the same qualities in his faithful\\ncorps of assistants, overcame.\\nIn 1867 he began explorations of the canyons and\\ngorges of the Upper Colorado, and as the result of\\nthese early efforts, a party was organized in 1869\\nfor the complete exploration of the Colorado River\\nfrom its source to its mouth.\\nOn the 24th of May, 1869, the party left Green\\nRiver City, the prow of the boats turned to flow\\nwith the swift current into the unknown dangers\\nand wonders ahead. Three of the boats were of oak,\\nand one of pine, each divided into compartments,\\nsome of which were water-tight to make the boats\\nbuoyant. They were loaded with rations deemed\\nsufficient to last ten months, clothing, ammunition,\\ntools, and all necessary scientific instruments.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0066.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n23\\nMajor Powell s report is eloquent and vivid, and\\nthe daily diary of this band of brave explorers is as\\nfascinating and thrilling as any work of imagination\\never written.\\nAs they started:\\nAway to the south,\\nthe Uinta Mountains\\nstretch in a long line;\\nhigh peaks thrust into\\nthe sky, and snow-fields\\nglittering like lakes of\\nmolten silver and pine\\nforests in sombre green\\nand rosy clouds playing\\naround the borders of\\nhuge, black masses and\\nheights and clouds, and\\nmountains and snow-\\nfields, and forests and\\nrock-lands are blended\\ninto one grand view.\\nJ. W. Powell.\\nDellenbaugh Butte, Green\\nRiver.\\nIn five days sixty-two miles are run, and Flaming\\nGorge reached, then Horseshoe Canyon and\\nBeehive Point. An exciting: ride follows, throuQ-h\\na narrow gorge, where the water is rolled by the\\nside-rocks into the centre in great waves, through\\nwhich the boats go leaping and bounding as if gifted\\nwith life. Then the roar of a fall near by leads to\\nthe unloading of the boats to make a portage\\nover the dangerous place. This is the Ashley Falls\\nbefore referred to.\\nSeventy and one-third miles from Flaming Gorge the\\ngate of the Canyon of Lodore is reached, in which a sue-", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0067.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "24 IN AND AROUND\\ncession of rapids are found. This is our method of pro-\\ncedure at such places. The Emma Dean goes in advance\\nthe other boats follow, in obedience to signals. When we\\napproach a rapid, or what, on other rivers, H ould often be\\ncalled a fall, I stand on deck to examine it, while the oars-\\nmen back-water, and we drift on as slowly as possible. If\\nI can see a clear chute between the rocks, away we go\\nbut if the channel is beset entirely across, we signal the\\nother boats, pull to land, and I walk along the shore for\\ncloser examination. If this reveals no clear channel, hard\\nwork begins. We drop the boats to the very head of the\\ndangerous place, and let them over by hnes, or make a\\nportage, frequently carrying both boats and cargoes over\\nthe rocks, or perhaps, only the cargoes, if it is safe to let\\nthe boats down. The waves caused by such falls in a river\\ndiffer much from the waves of the sea. The water of an\\nocean wave merely rises and falls the form only passes\\non, and form chases form unceasingly. A body floating\\non such waves merely rises and sinks, does not progress\\nunless impelled by wind or some other power. But here,\\nthe water of the wave passes on, while the form remains.\\nThe waters plunge down ten or twenty feet, to the foot of\\nthe fall spring up again in a great wave then down and\\nup, in a series of billows, that gradually disappear in the\\nmore quiet waters below but these waves are always there,\\nand you can stand above and count them.\\nA boat riding such, leaps and plunges along with great\\nvelocity. Now, the difficulty in riding over these falls,\\nwhen the rocks are out of the way, is in the first wave at\\nthe foot. This will sometimes gather for a moment, heap-\\ning up higher and higher, imtil it breaks back. If the boat\\nstrikes it the instant after it breaks, she cuts through, and\\nthe mad breaker dashes its spray over the boat, and would\\nwash us overboard did we not cling tight. If the boat, in\\ngoing over the falls, chances to get caught in some side\\ncurrent, and is turned from its course, so as to strike the\\nwave broad-side on, and the wave breaks at the same", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0068.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 25\\ninstant, the boat is capsized. Still, \\\\vc must cling to her,\\nfor, the water-tight compartments acting as buoys, she can-\\nnot sink; and so we go, dragged through the waves, until\\nstill waters are reached. We then right the boat, and climb\\naboard. J. W. POWELL.\\nThe next day (June 9) a very exciting run is\\nmade, and the boat, the No Name, makes a\\nbolt and goes over two falls, the first about ten\\nor twelve feet, the next some forty or fifty feet\\nin a channel filled with dangerous rocks that break\\nthe waves into whirlpools and beat them into foam. Look\\nat them the boat strikes a rock, rebounds from the\\nshock, careens, and fills the open compartment with water.\\nTwo of the men lose their oars she swings around, and\\nis carried down at a rapid rate, broadside on, for a few\\nyards, and strikes amidships on another rock with great\\nforce, is broken quite in two, and the men are thrown into\\nthe river; the larger part of the boat floating buoyantly,\\nthey soon seize it, and down the river they drift, past the\\nrocks for a few hundred yards to a second rapid, filled\\nwith huge boulders, where the boat strikes again, and is\\ndashed to pieces, and the men and fragments are soon\\ncarried beyond my sight. Running along, I turn a\\nbend, and see a man s head above the water, washed\\nabout in a whirlpool below a great rock. It is Frank\\nGoodman, clinging to it with a grip upon which life\\ndepends. Coming opposite, I see Rowland trying to go\\nto his aid from an island on which he has been washed.\\nSoon, he comes near enough to reach Frank with a pole,\\nwhich he extends toward him. The latter lets go the rock,\\ngrasps the pole, and is pulled ashore. Seneca Rowland is\\nwashed farther down the island, and is caught by some\\nrocks, and, though somewhat bruised, manages to get ashore\\nin safety. This seems a long time, as I tell it, but it is\\nquickly done.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0069.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "26\\nIN AND AROUND\\nAnd now the three men are on the island, with a swift,\\ndangerous river on either side, and a fall below.\\nPowell.\\nAfter incredible efforts, the men are rescued, and\\nin a day or two the party resumes its journey, but\\nnot until it has found a bake-oven, several tin\\nBoNiTO Bexd.\\nplates, a part of a boat, and many otlier fragments\\nwhich denote that this is the place where Ashley s\\nparty was wrecked. So the name Disaster Falls\\nis given to this scene of so much peril and loss.\\nMore falls, rocks, and rapids, and a beautiful\\npark is reached, and then a place where\\njust before us, the canyon divides, a little stream com-\\ning down on the right, and another on the left, and we\\ncan look away up either of these canyons, through an\\nascending vista, to cliffs and crags and towers, a mile back,\\nand two thousand feet overhead. To the right, a dozen", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0070.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 27\\ngleaming cascades are seen. Pines and firs stand on the\\nrocks, and aspens overhang the brooks. The rocks below\\nare red and brown, set in deep shadows, but above, they\\nare buff and vermilion, and stand in the sunshine. The\\nlight above, made more brilliant by the bright-tinted rocks,\\nand the shadows below more gloomy by the sombre hues\\nof the brown walls, increase the apparent depths of the\\ncanyons, and it seems a long way up to the world of\\nsunshine and open sky, and a long way down to the\\nbottom of the canyon glooms. PoWELL.\\nTwenty and three-quarters miles bring the\\ntravellers to Echo Park, which ends the Canyon of\\nLodore, and from this point to the mouth of the\\nUinta River through Whirlpool Canyon, Island\\nPark, and Split Mountain Canyon, they add ninety-\\neight and one-fourth miles more to the distance. To\\nthe junction of the Grand and Green which\\ntogether form the Colorado through the Canyon\\nof Desolation, Gray Canyon, Gunnison s Valley,\\nLabyrinth Canyon, and Stillwater Canyon, it is two\\nhundred and eighty-six and one-fourth miles, all of\\nwhich distance is safely travelled.\\nAnd now they have reached the real Colorado\\nRiver. Here much discussion takes place between\\nthe members of the party as to the probabilities of\\nsuccessfully navigating the river below. They\\narrive at the conclusion\\nthat there are great descents yet to be made, but, if\\nthey are distributed in rapids and short falls, as they\\nhave been hitherto, we shall be able to overcome them.\\nBut maybe we shall come to a fall in these canyons\\nwhich we cannot pass, where the walls rise from the water s\\nedge, so that we cannot land, and where the water is so", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0071.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "28 IN AND AROUND\\nswift that we cannot return. Such places have been found\\nexcept that the falls were not so great but that we could\\nrun them in safety. How will it be in the future? So the\\nmen speculate over the serious probabilities in a jesting\\nmood, and I hear Sumner remark, My idea is, we had\\nbetter go slow, and learn to paddle. Powell,\\nThe very next day difficulties are so great that\\nthe distance made is only three-quarters of a mile,\\nand the fall in the river in that short distance is\\nseventy-five feet.\\nCataract and Glen Canyons are passed through,\\nand now Marble Canyon is reached.\\nThe scenery is on a grand scale. The walls of the\\nCanyon, twenty-five hundred feet high, are of marble, of\\nmany beautiful colors, and often polished by the waves,\\nor far up the sides, where showers have washed the sands\\nover the cliffs.\\nAt one place I have a walk, for more than a mile, on a\\nmarble pavement, all polished and fretted with strange\\ndevices, and embossed in a thousand fi^ntastic patterns.\\nThrough a cleft in the wall the sun shines on this pavement,\\nwhich gleams in iridescent beauty.\\nI pass up the cleft. It is very narrow, with a succes-\\nsion of pools standing at higher levels as I go back. The\\nwater in these pools is clear and cool, coming down from\\nsprings. Then I return to the pavement, which is but a\\nterrace or bench, over which the river runs at its flood,\\nbut left bare at present. Along the pavement, in many\\nplaces, are basins of clear water, in strange contrast to\\nthe red mud of the river. At length I come to the end of\\nthis marble terrace, and take again to the boat.\\nRiding down a short distance, a beautiful view is pre-\\nsented. The river runs sharply to the east, and seems\\nenclosed by a wall, set with a million brilliant gems.\\nWhat can it mean? Every eye is engaged, every one", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0072.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 29\\nwonders. On coming nearer, we find fountains bursting\\nfrom the rock, high overhead, and the spray in the sun-\\nshine forms the gems which bedeck the wall. The rocks\\nbelow the fountain are covered with mosses, and ferns,\\nand many beautiful flowering plants. We name it Vasey s\\nParadise, in honor of the botanist who travelled with us\\nlast year.\\nIt rains again this afternoon. Scarcely do the first\\ndrops fall, when little rills run down the walls. As the\\nstorm comes on, the little rills increase in size, until great\\nstreams are formed. Although the walls of the canyon\\nare chiefly limestone, the adjacent country is of red sand-\\nstone and now the waters, loaded with these sands, come\\ndown in rivers of bright red mud, leaping over the walls\\nin innumerable cascades. It is plain now how these walls\\nare polished in many places. Powell.\\nThe end of Marble Canyon is at the mouth of\\nthe Colorado Chiquito. The canyon through which\\nthis muddy, salt stream flows is on a scale quite as\\ngrand, although not so extensive, as that of the\\nColorado itself. Standing on Paiuti Point (Grand\\nView) near the Grand View Trail, the cliffs above\\nthe mouth of the Little Colorado are distinctly to be\\nseen; but to rightly enjoy it, one should ride around\\nthe rim, some thirty-five miles, and see the junction\\nof the two rivers.\\nThe walls of Marble Canyon at its head are two\\nhundred feet high, but as they approach the Grand\\nCanyon they gradually increase in depth until they\\nare thirty-five hundred feet high.\\nAnd now the Grand Canyon itself is reached, and\\nwe are ready to start on our way down the great\\nunknown. And those who read this portion of\\nMajor Powell s Journal, published some years ago", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0073.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "30 IN AND AROUND\\nin Scribner s, will remember how the pulses quick-\\nened, and the heart quivered often ere the end of\\nhis thrilling experiences was reached.\\nAn unknown river we have yet to explore. What falls\\nthere are, we know not what rocks beset the channel,\\nwe know not. What walls rise over the river, we know\\nnot. The water is swift, the walls rise from the very-\\nedge of the river. They are composed of tiers of irreg-\\nular shelves below, and above these, steep slopes to\\nthe foot of the marble cliffs. Soon after entering, the\\nriver runs across a dike. A dike is a fissure in the rocks,\\nopen to depths below, which has been filled with eruptive\\nmatter, and this, on cooling, was harder than the rocks\\nthrough which the crevice was made, and, when these were\\nwashed away, the harder volcanic matter remained as a\\nwall, and the river has cut a gateway through it several\\nhundred feet high, and as many wide.\\nThe very next day, the softer series of rocks are left\\nbehind, newer and more dangerous experiences clearly\\nare before us, for we now enter the granite. Here the canyon\\nis narrow and the water swifter. The walls are set on\\neither side, with pinnacles and crags and sharp, angular\\nbuttresses, bristling with wind- and wave-polished spires,\\nextend far out into the river. The walls, now, are a mile\\nin height, a vertical distance difficult indeed to appreci-\\nate. Stand in any street with which you are familiar, lined\\nwith stores on either side for a full mile, and then imagine\\nthis immense mass of buildings extending this mile up-\\nwards, and you can then begin to comprehend the gran-\\ndeur of these rock walls. PoWELL.\\nThe explorers gaze and take their fill and then\\njourney on, and at length reach a part of the river\\nwdiich we can well imagine is the one just to the\\nleft of the foot of the Old Trail, where we have\\nstood and gazed on the wildly dashing, hoarsely", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0074.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 31\\nraging, and ever-foaming waters as they madly gal-\\nloped along to their rest in the Gulf of California.\\nThe river is very deep, the canyon very narrow, and\\nstill obstructed, so that there is no steady flow of the\\nstream but the waters wheel, and roll, and boil, and we\\nare scarcely able to determine where we can go. Now,\\nthe boat is carried to the right, perhaps close to the wall\\nagain, she is shot into the stream, and perhaps is dragged\\nover to the other side, where, caught in a whirlpool, she\\nspins about. We can neither land nor run as we please.\\nThe boats are entirely unmanageable no order in their\\nrunning can be preserved now one, now another is ahead,\\neach crew laboring for its own preservation. In such a place\\nwe come to another rapid. Two of the boats run it perforce.\\nOne succeeds in landing, but there is no foothold by which\\nto make a portage, and she is pushed out again into the\\nstream. The next minute a great, reflex wave fills the\\nopen compartment she is water-logged, and drifts unman-\\nageable. Breaker after breaker rolls over her, and one\\ncapsizes her. The men are thrown out but they cling to\\nthe boat, and she drifts down some distance, alongside of\\nus, and we are able to catch her. She is soon bailed out,\\nand the men are aboard once more.\\nOne more day, and we come to a beautifully clear\\nstream which we name Bright Angel Creek. This is\\nnearly opposite the Bright Angel Trail. PowELL.\\nAnd now, provisions begin to give out rain\\nfalls in torrents the stream grows more and more\\nrapid, dangerous, and threatening; not one of the\\nparty has a complete suit of clothes, and there is\\nnot a blanket each for them. Affairs begin to look\\ndesperate. All their bacon is so badly injured\\nthat it has to be thrown away, their fiour is musty,\\nand there is only enough to last for ten days, with", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0075.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "32\\nIN AND AROUND\\nno baking-powder to raise it. This flour, a few\\ndried apples, and plenty of coffee, are all they have\\nleft. And yet, in spite of these discouragements,\\nand the unknown portion of the river full of dan-\\ngers and perils before them, these brave men go on\\nand although the next day they only make the\\nsmall distance of two miles, the day following brings\\nthem brightness in the fact that after rushing madly\\ndown through a long, winding chute where they\\nmake ten miles in less than an hour, they emerge\\nfrom the Liranite formation, and althouo^h the walls\\nare still narrow and the river swift, they know that\\nwhile this condition lasts they can meet with no\\nmore great falls or rapids.\\nSo they go gleefully on, and three or four days\\nafterwards come to monuments of lava standing in\\nthe river. Most of them are low rocks, but some\\nare shafts more than three hundred feet high.\\nTwo days later three of the party tell Major\\nPowell they have decided to go no farther. Ex-\\npostulation is found to be useless, and the next\\nday, after sharing their provisions, the party divides,\\nHowland, his brother, and William Dunn climbing\\nout of the Canyon, hoping to reach the Mormon\\nsettlements in Utah, and thus return to civilization,\\nthe others determined to complete their journey or\\nperish in the attempt. And in order to remove\\nmisapprehension as far as possible as to the fate\\nof these men, I will here quote Major Powell s\\ndiscovery of the cause of their death. It was in\\nthe fall of the following year that he (Powell)\\nvisited the camp of the Shi-vwits Indians, near to\\nthe place where the three men left the river.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0076.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 33\\nI then learned that they had come to the Indian village\\nalmost starved and exhausted with fatigue. They were\\nsupplied with food, and put on their way to the settle-\\nments. Shortly after they had left, an Indian from the\\neast side of the Colorado arrived at the village, and told\\nthem ithe Shi-vwits) about a number of miners having\\nkilled a squaw in a drunken brawl, and no doubt these\\nwere the men. No person had ever come down the can-\\nyon that was impossible they were trying to hide their\\nguilt. In this way he worked them into a great rage.\\nThey followed, surrounded the three unfortunate men\\nin ambush, and filled them full of arrows. POWELL.\\nThree of their men gone, the party hurries on,\\nleaving behind one of the remaining boats, with\\nbarometers, fossils, minerals, and what ammunition\\nthey think they can spare. More difficulties and\\ndangers are yet to be faced, and that afternoon\\nthey have adventures which would entirely daunt\\nthe hearts of less brave and determined men.\\nFalls are encountered, over which they go dash-\\ning madly, it seems as if to sure and certain\\ndeath. The first boat goes over with only one\\nman Bradley in it. Breathlessly the others\\nlook on, and see the boat emerge on the crest of\\na wave, whirl around behind some great rocks,\\nand then they lose sight of it in the mad, white\\nfoam below. They stand frozen with fear, for\\nneither boat nor man is to be seen but by and\\nby he comes up again below, in a whirlpool, and\\nin order that they may chance to help him they\\nall jump into their boat, hurry down over the\\nfalls are capsized and were it not for the efforts\\nmade by the man they go themselves to save, they,\\nprobably, some of them, would lose their lives.\\n3", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0077.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "34 IN AND AROUND\\nAt noon of the following clay these brave-hearted\\nexplorers emerge from the Grand Canyon. Al-\\nthough they have still many miles to run, they are\\nin waters which have been navigated some years\\npreviously by a party of Mormons. And what joy\\nthey feel at the cessation of their dangerous labors\\nThe relief from danger and the joy of success are\\ngreat. When he who has been chained by wounds to a\\nhospital cot, until his canvas tent seems like a dungeon\\ncell, until the groans of those who lie about, tortured with\\nprobe and knife, are piled up, a weight of horror on his\\nears that he cannot throw off, cannot forget, and until the\\nstench of festering wounds and anaesthetic drugs has filled\\nthe air with its loathsome burden, when such an one at\\nlast goes out into the open field, what a world he sees\\nHow beautiful the sky how bright the sunshine what\\nfloods of delicious music pour from the throats of\\nbirds how sweet the fragrance of earth, and tree, and\\nblossom The first hour of convalescent freedom seems\\nrich recompense for all pain, gloom, terror.\\nSomething like this are the feelings we experience to-\\nnight. Ever before us has been an unknown danger,\\nheavier than immediate peril. Every waking hour passed\\nin the Grand Canyon has been one of toil. We have\\nwatched with deep solicitude the steady disappearance of\\nour scant supply of rations, and from time to time have\\nseen the river snatch a portion of the little left, while w^e\\nwere a-hungered. And danger and toil were endured in\\nthose gloomy depths, where ofttimes the clouds hid the\\nsky by day, and but a narrow zone of stars could be seen\\nat night. Only during the few hours of deep sleep, conse-\\nquent on hard labor, has the roar of the waters been hushed.\\nNow the danger is over now the toil has ceased now\\nthe gloom has disappeared now the firmament is bounded\\nonly by the horizon and what a vast expanse of constel-\\nlations can be seen", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0078.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n35\\nThe river rolls by us in silent majesty; the quiet of the\\ncamp is sweet our joy is almost ecstasy. We sit till long\\nafter midnight, talking of the Grand Canyon, talking of\\nhome, but chiefly talking of the three men who left us.\\nAre they wandering in those depths, unable to find a way\\nout? are they searching over the desert lands above for\\nwater? or are they nearing the settlements? Powell.\\nTwo or three clays later they land, and on the\\nfirst of September four of the men, with new sup-\\nplies, go on down the Colorado to Fort Mohave,\\nand Major Powell overland to Salt Lake City.\\nFurther explorations have since been made under\\nthe direction of the United States Geolos:ical Sur-\\nvey while Major Powell was its director, and as a\\nresult Captain Clarence E. Dutton has published\\none of the most interesting monographs ever penned\\nby a specialist. Its title is The Tertiary History\\nof the Grand Canyon District, and it is accom-\\npanied with a large atlas containing admirable pic-\\ntures, etc., of the Canyon region, from sketches\\nmade by Mr. W. H. Holmes, the accomplished field\\ngeologist, artist, archaeologist, and writer, now in\\ncharge of the Anthropological Department of the\\nUnited States National Museum. No praises be-\\nstowed upon these gentlemen, for the fidelity with\\nwhich they have described this marvellous rock\\nregion, can ever be adequate return for the pleasure\\nthey have afforded those who have enjoyed the fruit\\nof their labors.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0079.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "36 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER IV\\nLATER EXPLORATIONS\\nON the 25th of May, 1889, Mr. Frank M. Brown,\\nof Denver, Colorado, with Mr. Robert Brew-\\nster Stanton as chief engineer, and a party of thir-\\nteen men, started from a point in Utah, called by\\nthe Post OfBce Department Blake, and known in\\nrailroad circles as Green River.\\nMr. Brown had conceived the idea of building a\\nrailroad through the canyons of the Colorado River,\\nfrom some point in Colorado, by a water grade,\\ndown the Grand and Colorado Rivers to some\\npoint in Southern California, where the road could\\nbe feasibly taken across to the coast of the Pacific.\\nThe early portions of the adventures of this party\\nwere very similar to those experienced by the Powell\\nparty. Up to the second day of June everything\\nwent along pleasantly, but from that time on there\\nwas disaster of some kind every day.\\nOne of the peculiar and dangerous features of the\\nriver was an up-shooting wave which they desig-\\nnated a fountain.\\nWhere the riv^er is broad, deep, and swift, the bottom\\nseems to be covered with potholes in the sandstone, and\\nto have great heaps of constantly changing quicksand\\nmounds. This causes numberless cross-currents under-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0080.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 37\\nneath the surface, and at times these seem to combine,\\nresulting in an enormous up-shooting wave, which breaks\\nthrough the surface of the water with a swish and roar that\\nare appaUing, and tosses anything it may strike. The noise\\nthese fountains make is something between the boom\\nof a cannon and the rush of an enormous sky-rocket, and\\nthey can be heard for a mile. They do not rise twice in\\nthe same place, but switch about so that it is impossible to\\navoid them. E. Reynolds.\\nOver and over again the boats were turned up-\\nside down by these fountains, and if the men were\\nnot ducked more than once a day, they considered\\nthemselves fairly fortunate.\\nThe party journeyed on, had their upsets, lost\\ntheir provisions, had one of their boats smashed, but\\nkept up brave hearts, and went manfully forward\\nuntil July loth. On the previous evening Mn\\nBrown must have had a presentiment of disaster,\\nfor Mr. Stanton says he seemed lonely and\\ntroubled, and asked me to sit by his bed and talk.\\nWe sat there late, smoking, and talking of our\\nhomes and our journey on the morrow.\\nThat morrow was a sad one for the expedition.\\nBrown and a man named McDonald were ahead in\\na boat, and they\\nundertook to run the first rapid, by the side of which\\nwas a great whirlpool. They were going safely along a\\nneutral strip of water between the two, when an enormous\\nup-shooting wave struck the boat in the middle, throwing\\nit into the air, and pitching Brown into the whirlpool, and\\nMcDonald into the rapid. Both were powerful swimmers.\\nMcDonald struck out. calling to Brown, Come on.\\nBrown replied, All right, and faced down the river. Mc-\\nDonald had now all he could do to care for himself.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0081.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "38\\nIN AND AROUND\\nThree times he was thrown under by the terrific tossings\\nof the mad waters, but he managed to reach a rock about\\nsix hundred yards below the scene of the mishap. Drag-\\nging himself out, he was horrified to see Brown still in the\\nwhirlpool. Frantically he gestured to the following boat.\\nIt recognized his signals, and dashed for the whirlpool, but\\ntoo late. Brown had disappeared a few seconds before it\\nreached him, and that river never gives up its dead.\\nE. Reynolds.\\nNow let Stanton take up the narrative.\\nIn this world we are left but little time to mourn. We\\nhad work to do, and I determined if possible to complete\\nthe whole of that work. With this intention we started\\nout next morning. Thursda3^ Friday, and Saturday we\\npushed on with our usual work, shooting through or por-\\ntaging round twenty-four bad rapids, getting deeper and\\ndeeper between the marble walls. After a quiet rest on\\nSunday, Monday morning found us at the head of two\\nvery rough and rocky rapids. We portaged both of them.\\nWhile the photographer and myself took our notes and\\npictures, the boats were to go on through the lower end\\nof the second rapid to a sandbar, a half-mile below. It\\nwas easy walking for us along the bank. The first boat\\ngot down with difficulty, as the current beat hard against\\nthe left cliff. My boat was the next to start. I pushed it\\nout from shore myself with a cheering word to the men,\\nHansbrough and Richards. It was the last the}- ever\\nheard. The current drove them against the cliff, under an\\noverhanging shelf. In trying to push away from the cliff\\nthe boat was upset. Hansbrough was never seen to rise.\\nRichards, a powerful man, swam some distance down\\nstream. The first boat started out to the rescue, but he\\nsank before it reached him.\\nTwo more faithful and good men gone! Astonished\\nand crushed by our sad loss, our force too small to\\nportage our boats, and our boats entirely unfit for such", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0082.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 39\\nwork, I decided to abandon the trip, with then and there a\\ndetermination, as soon as a new outfit could be secured, to\\nreturn and complete our journey to the Gulf. R. B.\\nStanton.\\nThis resolution was faithfully carried out. Mr.\\nStanton fitted out a second party, and on the loth\\nof December, 1889, after having hauled their boats\\nby wagon one hundred and twenty miles from Green\\nRiver Station to the mouth of Crescent Creek, four\\nmiles above Dandy Crossing, embarked on the\\ngreat river. On the ist of March, 1890, the mouth\\nof Diamond Creek was reached they emerged\\nat the lower end of Grand Canyon March 17th,\\nreached the end of the survey at tide-water April\\n26th, and, returning to Yuma, disbanded on April\\n30th. One boat was completely destroyed in Rapid\\nNo. 249 but only two sacks of provisions were lost\\nin the whole journey.\\nThus had the two expeditions, considered as one,\\ntravelled by boat a distance of over fourteen hundred miles,\\nhad passed over running nearly all of them five hun-\\ndred and twenty rapids, falls, and cataracts in less than\\nfive hundred miles, making a total fall of forty-five hun-\\ndred feet, and had passed successfully through the dark\\ncanyons of one of the most tempestuous rivers of the\\nworld. R. B. Stanton.\\nMr. Stanton wrote an excellent popular account\\nof this trip, which appeared in Scribner s for\\nNovember, 1890, and a scientific report from the\\nengineer s standpoint, which was published in the\\nTransactions of the American Society of Civil\\nEngineers, April, 1892. In this report he discusses", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0083.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "40 IN AND AROUND\\nthe feasibility and practicability of building a rail-\\nway through the canyons of the Colorado with the\\nobject of connecting the coal fields of Colorado with\\nthe Pacific Coast.\\nIt is hoped that in this description there has not only\\nbeen shown the entire practicabihty of the canyons of the\\nColorado River for raihvay purposes, both from an eco-\\nnomical as well as a purely engineering point of view,\\nbut that there has also been some light cast upon the\\nnature and possibilities of a portion of our great Western\\nempire, which, to many, has been less known than the\\nheart of Africa. R. B. STANTON.\\nThe popular narrative is exciting and entrancing.\\nOn January 13th, we reached Point Retreat, where\\nwe left the canyon on our homeward march just six\\nmonths before. We found our supplies, blankets, flour,\\nsugar, coffee, etc., which we had cached in the marble\\ncave, all in good condition. From the head of the Colo-\\nrado to Point Retreat we had encountered one hundred\\nand forty-four rapids, not counting small draws, in a dis-\\ntance of two hundred and forty miles. From Lee s Ferry\\nto Point Retreat there are forty-four rapids, in a distance\\nof thirty miles. With our new boats we ran nearly all\\nof these, and portaged but few; over many of them our\\nboats had danced and jumped at the rate of fifteen miles\\nan hour, and over some, by actual measurement, at the\\nrate of twenty miles per hour. To stand in the bow of\\none of these boats as she dashes through a great rapid,\\nwith first the bow and then the stern jumping into the\\nair, and the spray of the breakers splashing over one s\\nhead, is an excitement the fascination of which can only\\nbe understood through experience.\\nTen miles below Point Retreat, as we went into camp\\none evening, we discovered the body of Peter M. Hans-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0084.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 41\\nbrough, one of the boatmen drowned on our trip last\\nsummer. His remains were easily recognized from the\\nclothing that was still on them. The next morning we\\nburied them under an overhanging cliff. The burial ser-\\nvice was brief and simple. We stood around the grave\\nwhile one short prayer was offered, and we left him with\\na shaft of pure marble for his headstone, seven hundred\\nfeet high, with his name cut upon the base; and in honor\\nof his memory we named a magnificent point opposite\\nPoint Hansbrough.\\nFebruary 5th, we passed Bright Angel Creek, in the\\nGranite Gorge of the Grand Canyon, and on the 6th came\\nto the most powerful and unmanageable rapid we had\\nmet on the river. We portaged our supplies, and fol-\\nlowed our usual method of swinging the empty boats\\ndown by lines. My boat was to go first. The two hun-\\ndred and fifty foot line was strung out ahead, and the boat\\nwas strung into the stream. She rode the huge waves\\nwith ease, and went below the rapid without injury. The\\nmen and the line worked well and payed out smoothly;\\nbut when the boat reached the foot of the fall, she acted\\nlike a young colt eager for play.\\nShe turned her nose out toward the current, and as\\nit struck her, she started like a shot for the other side of\\nthe river. The men held to her doggedly. After cross-\\ning the current she turned and came back into the eddy,\\nand for a few moments stood still, just as a colt ready for\\nanother prance. The men rushed down along the rocks\\nto get the line ahead, but before they could get far enough,\\nshe turned her head again to the stream. The men put\\ntheir wills into their arms and held her once more; she\\ndid not cross the current, but on reaching the centre\\ndipped her nose under as if trying her strength, came\\nup at once, rose on a wave, and then, as if for a final\\neffort to gain her liberty, dived her head under, filled\\nwith water, and went completely out of sight. In a few\\nmoments she rose to the surface, and slowly and leisurely", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0085.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "42 IN AND AROUND\\nfloated sidewise across the eddy toward shore, and quietly\\nstopped alongside a shelving rock.\\nTo prevent another such experience we adopted\\nMajor Powell s plan in such cases, of shooting the boat\\nthrough and catching it below.\\nThe Marie, the rebuilt boat, was started first. She\\nrode gracefully the high waves at the head of the rapid,\\nbut in the middle she turned, partially filled with water,\\nshot to one side, struck against the cliff, sank in the worst\\npart of the rapid, and came up in pieces about the size\\nof toothpicks our five days labor and our boat gone\\ntogether R. B. Stanton.\\nThis is the rapid just below the foot of Mystic\\nSpring Trail.\\nOn the 1 2th of January, 1897, N. Galloway, a\\nMormon trapper, well versed in the upper canyons\\nof the Green River, accompanied by William Rich-\\nmond, left near the State line of Wyoming and\\nUtah, in boats of Mr. Galloway s own construction,\\nfor the trip through the canyons.\\nIn those frail, rude boats they journeyed four-\\nteen hundred miles, emerging through the steep\\ncanyon walls on the 3d day of February, and on\\nthe 17th of that month completing the trip at the\\nNeedles.\\nShortly prior to their trip, George Flavall, a\\nNeedles boatman, had, unaccompanied, accom-\\nplished the same daring venture.\\nAs Galloway and Richmond reached the open\\ncountry below the Grand Wash, they came upon\\nthe officers who had found the bodies of two men\\nkilled by a Paiuti Indian, named Mouse. This\\nofficer requested them to allow their boats to be", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0086.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 43\\nused to convey the bodies down to the Needles.\\nThey did so, and on their arrival sold the boats\\nand returned to their homes in Utah.\\nSome months later I was fortunate enough to\\narrive at Lee s Ferry, when Mr. Galloway was\\nthere with a new boat he had just built, with\\nwhich he proposed going up the river to a placer\\ngold claim he had located in Glen Canyon. After\\nconsiderable persuasion he was prevailed upon to\\ntake me up the canyon to his gold claim, and also\\ndown Marble Canyon, to Soap Creek Rapids, one\\nof the most dangerous rapids in the canyon and\\nnear which Frank Brown lost his life. A brief ac-\\ncount of this trip is given in a subsequent chapter.\\nIn the Youth s Companion, some few years\\nago, A. EUbrace wrote a wild and improbable\\nstory about a trip having been made through the\\nGrand Canyon by a man named Robinson, and,\\nin a footnote, states that doubtless the archives of\\nFort Mohave of the year 1867 will give authentica-\\ntion to his narrative.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0087.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "44 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER V\\nFLAGSTAFP\\\\ THE SAN FRANCISCO MOUNTAINS, THE\\nCLIFF AND CAVE DWELLINGS, AND THE DEAD\\nVOLCANOES\\nFOR several years the Grand Canyon was reached\\nmainly by stages operated from Flagstaff, hence\\nto many tourists this little town is inseparably asso-\\nciated with the Canyon. It is beautiful for situa-\\ntion, tree-surrounded, mountain-shadowed, breeze-\\nblown, healthful, and picturesque. At an elevation\\nof about seven thousand feet it nestles at the base\\nof the San Francisco Mountains, whose three rough,\\nvolcanic peaks stand guard, as giant Graces, over\\nthe cluster of homes at their feet.\\nIt is a typical Western town. The railway track\\nlines one side of the main street, and business\\nblocks, many of which are saloons, the other, fully\\njustifying the aflfirmation made in the town s adver-\\ntising literature that there is nothing puritanical\\nabout Flagstaff, It is the county seat of Coconino\\nCounty, and has a- population of about twenty-five\\nhundred people. It possesses a fine stone court-\\nhouse, high school, three churches, and the Territo-\\nrial Normal School. It is the trading centre for the\\ncattle, sheep, and mining men of a large surround-\\ning country. As a pleasant summer resort it has\\nalready acquired a reputation in the territory.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0088.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n45\\nWhichever way the traveller approaches Flag-\\nstaff, whether from the western desert region or\\nfrom the wild rockiness of New Mexico, he is en-\\nchanted as the train enters the forest lands about\\nfifteen miles before reaching Flagstaff. The tall\\npines, growing larger as the forest is penetrated.\\nThe Watering Troughs at Ckdai^ Ranch on the Way from\\nFlagstaff to the Canyon.\\nare a pleasant and welcome sight after passing over\\nthe arid lands of western New Mexico and the\\nrugged, rock-ribbed dreariness of the continental\\ndivide.\\nThe whole face of the country changes at this point,\\nas if you had been transported to another land. The mo-\\nnotony of the leafless undulating prairies gives place to\\npicturesque mountains and fertile valleys, richly decked\\nwith green deciduous foliage, and the eye rests with plea-", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0089.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "46 IN AND AROUND\\nsure upon long vistas of pine forest, where monarchs of the\\nglades raise their towering crests hundreds of feet toward\\nthe sky, each tree standing solitary and straight, as if\\nplanted and trained by skilled hands, and with not a par-\\nticle of undergrowth to choke up the surface of the green-\\nsward beneath. This grand woodland scene stretches\\naway from the base of the San Francisco Mountains south-\\nward for a distance of nearly two hundred miles, and the\\nforest averages over fifty miles in width. This enormous\\nforest, which is the largest in the country outside of Mich-\\nigan, Wisconsin, and Washington Territory, covers an area\\nof over ten thousand square miles, and contains six million\\nfour hundred thousand acres. It is larger than the State\\nof Massachusetts, is double the size of Connecticut, and\\ncovers more ground than the States of Delaware and New\\nJersey combined. Tinkers A Land 0/ Suns/ii;ie.\\nThough it contains no trees equal to the Sequoia\\ngigantea of California, many of them are giants in\\nsize, and there are over eighty varieties.\\nAmong them are red and yellow juniper, cypress,\\nwalnut, oak, ash, hickory, sycamore, cedar, wild cherry,\\nlocust, ironwood, and other useful varieties, although the\\npine is the principal timber.\\nThe Arizona Lumber and Timber Company own or\\ncontrol a considerable portion of the forest. They have a\\nsawmill on the edge of the forest, about a half-mile from\\nFlagstaff, with a capacity of thirty-five million feet a year,\\nbut are now only turning out at the rate of twelve million\\nfeet a year. FUNSTON.\\nCave and Cliff Dwellings\\nOn the eastern side of the San Francisco Moun-\\ntains, ten miles from Flagstaff, are the Cave Dwell-\\nings. They are dug out of the soft and porous", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0090.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 47\\npumice stone or disintegrating basic lava of a\\nvolcanic region, and, as their name implies, are\\nholes in the ground used by a wretched people as\\ndwellings. Sometimes the larger and outer cham-\\nbers communicate with inner and smaller chambers.\\nThere are manv evidences of their havinsf been in-\\nhabited, in the marks of fire in the caves, corn-cobs\\nstrewn about, and the masses of broken pottery\\nscattered all over the mountain slopes. Surround-\\ning them, in many places, are walls built of lava,\\ndoubtless to protect themselves from the winds and\\ntheir relentless enemies, the nomad Apaches, Nava-\\nhos, Utes, and Comanches.\\nTen miles southeast from the Caves are the\\nCliff Dwellings of Walnut Canyon. This canyon\\nis undoubtedly the work of corrasion and subse-\\nquent erosion, as is the Grand Canyon, and forms\\na part of the canyon system which intersects this\\nwhole country for many miles. It is from six hundred\\nto seven hundred feet deep where the Cliff Dwellers\\nmade their homes, and is a singularly picturesque and\\nromantic site for such a purpose. The canyon is\\nlargely composed of cherty limestone, in shelves, on\\nmany of which the disintegrating forces of Nature\\nhave worn and carried away the floor and part of\\nthe solid walls, thus leaving immense hanging\\nor projecting over-shelves, under which the Cliff\\nDwellers built their walls. The rear and upper\\nwalls afforded back and roof, and all that had\\nto be done was to construct front and side walls,\\nand the houses were complete. These walls are\\nbuilt of rude blocks of lime and sandstone cemented\\nwith adobe mud. As the shelves are at different", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0091.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "48 IN AND AROUND\\nlevels, the dwellings are found at various elevations,\\nbut invariably at a sufficient height to be safe from\\nthe rising of water in the canyon below, and from\\nthe attacks of enemies from above.\\nThe Bottomless Pit\\nOn the way out to Walnut Canyon a singular\\ngeological fault, not uncommon in this region, is\\npassed, known to the people of the locality as the\\nBottomless Pit. The name is a western exaggera-\\ntion, for it is possible to descend to the bottom of\\nthis orreat hole. Dante Descent, near Ashfork, is a\\nsimilar fault, and one is passed on the south side\\nof the railway between Flagstaff and Ashfork.\\nThere is another between Ashfork and Bass\\nCamp at the Canyon, known to the Havasupais as\\nWaimel.\\nSunset Crater and the Lava Fields\\nAbout twenty miles northeast of Flagstaff, cir-\\ncline from the town around Mt. Elden the south-\\neastern offshoot of the San Francisco range is\\nSunset Crater, so named from the fact that it al-\\nways presents the rich, peach-blow appearance of\\nsunset. This is caused by the warm coloring of\\nthe oxydized rock of the summit, which, resting\\nabove the slopes covered with such intensely black\\nvolcanic cinders as to appear as if made of coarse\\ngunpowder, makes a contrast so distinctly marked\\nas to suggest a vivid sunset, even when seen on a\\ncloudy day. A little to the northwest of Sunset\\nPeak is O Leary Peak, and between these is one", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0092.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 49\\nof the most desolate, harsh, jagged, cruel-looking,\\nforbidding beds of lava I have ever seen. It is not\\nof great extent, but what there is, is absolutely barren,\\nawe-inspiring, and forsaken. Tossed, upheaved, split,\\nseamed, torn, it has scarcely a living thing of green\\nto relieve its awesome appearance of death. Nebu-\\nchadnezzar s furnace, when cooled, was, even in\\nminiature, a pleasing spectacle compared with this\\nregion of desolation and gloom. It is Hell s garden,\\nfor the uptossed lava masses look like huge black\\ncauliflowers, fit food for demons. Here are caves\\nwithin caves, made by the bubbling gases when this\\nwas a flowing river of blazing rock.\\nClimb up the slope of OTeary Peak and look\\nover this dark, forbidding sea. Waves of blackness\\nare there, just as they must have tossed in the aw-\\nfulness of that dread deluQ^e of fire, but arrested in\\ntheir mad leaps, and now cooled for centuries.\\nTorrents of black horror, poured, deluge-like, over\\nthe once fertile land, and are now stopped, as by\\nmagic, and converted into cruel stone. And there to\\nthe southeast stands the great Sunset Peak, itself,\\nperhaps, the crater from whose richly tinted, peach-\\niDlossomy summit these waves of dire destruction\\ncame, smiling and gay in midsummer glory all\\nthe year, regardless of the gruesome sight it has\\nmade below. When all else is dark and forbidding,\\nit smiles and glows. When angry clouds lower and\\nrage, it still smirks and gleams. It laughs at the\\ndesolation it has caused, and is glowingly happy in\\ncontemplation of the deaths petrified at its feet.\\nType of devilish, wanton destructiveness fair to look\\nupon, yet the source of misery, desolation, death.\\n4", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0093.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "50 IN AND AROUND\\nWith a companion I crossed this black field of\\nhorror. The lava soon cut our shoes almost to\\npieces. In the very heart of the field we came\\nupon a level plain, covered with black ashes, of\\nperhaps an acre or so in extent. My companion\\ncalled my attention to a large hole he had discov-\\nered, and, on looking into it, we found we were\\nstanding on a thin shell, liable at any time to fall\\nin and produce the rugged, jagged appearance\\nelsewhere presented. I termed this Gunpowder\\nPlateau.\\nA little beyond is Beelzebub Creek, where the\\nchannel is made as if the melted limestone, of which\\nit is formed, had been turned up on each side with\\na gigantic ploughshare. In places it is arched over\\nwith the twisted and overturned burnt rock, and\\nhas thus become a perfect Devil s Avenue an\\nunder pathway to the Hades of the lost.\\nThe San Francisco Peaks\\nA delightful experience while in Flagstaff is to\\ntake a survey of the country from the summit of the\\nSan Francisco Mountains. Mr. Al. Doyle has con-\\nstructed an easy trail to the summit, and the ride\\ncan be accomplished in a few hours.\\nThe United States Monument is on the highest\\npeak, Mt. Humphreys. Far away before us to the\\nnorth are the upper terrace and gray cliffs of the\\nGrand Canyon, at its most elevated point. The\\nKaibab Plateau the highest of all the Colorado\\nRiver plateaus stands out boldly above the sur-\\nrounding country. The Kanab Plateau with the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0094.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 51\\nUinkaret Mountains, overtopped by Mt. Trumbull,\\nare clearly outlined miles and miles away against\\nthe softened blue of the northwestern sky. Beyond\\nthem, but barely discernible, are the Virgen Moun-\\ntains and the Pine Val Mountains. A little to our\\nleft, and seeming only a long footstep, is Mt. Ken-\\ndricks, and a little farther on Mt. Sitgreaves, and\\nstill further the conical peak of Williams Mountain.\\nBetween the two first named mountains a shower is\\nfalling, whilst all around us is the most beautiful\\nsunshine. Close by are a number of smaller hills,\\nmany having basins in the top, suggesting their vol-\\ncanic orioin. Some of these basins contain beautiful\\nlakes, during the rainy season, and there they\\nlie, mirrors for the angels, and sweet reflectors of\\nthe many formed clouds above.\\nWe can see lakes in almost every direction,\\nover twenty being clearly visible from this point.\\nTrees, also, are everywhere, rich, heavy, thick,\\ndense pines and fir balsams, and here and there\\nstreaks of silver, showing groves of quaking aspen\\nor Cottonwood. The mountain is ribbed with snow\\nall around, although it is the middle of July, one\\nbank here to my left being several hundred feet\\nwide and over a mile long. Myriads of butterflies\\nand other insects fly about in perpetual gayety, re-\\nlieving these bare, rugged rocks of some of their\\nforbidding aspect.\\nTurning a little north of east we can clearly\\nfollow the outline of the canyon of the Little\\nColorado. Its nether wall is a striking fa9ade, and\\nthere are cliffs which tower up here and there,\\nlike the watch-towers of a gigantic castle. Beyond,", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0095.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "52 IN AND AROUND\\nlike a pale blue cloud closely anchored to the cliffs\\nbelow, is the Navaho Mountain, nearly two hun-\\ndred miles away. To the southeast the landscape\\nis more open, with beautiful reliefs here and there\\nof grassy slopes and tree-covered hills.\\nClose at our feet are Sunset and O Leary Peaks,\\nwhilst away off to the southeast is the wonderful\\nPetrified Forest.\\nThe region to the south is one mass of verdure,\\nrugged slopes made entrancingly beautiful by a\\nthick covering of pines, which seem black and\\npurple under the influence of sunshine and clouds.\\nThirteen lakes of various forms and sizes give a\\npeculiar charm and brilliancy to the scene. The\\nrugged cliffs, spires, and pinnacles of Oak Creek\\nCanyon shine out in the sunlight, and the circular\\npanorama is one far more beautiful than the casual\\nobserver in Arizona could believe.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0096.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n53\\nCHAPTER VI\\nFROM THE SANTA FE RAILWAY TO THE CANYON\\nBY STAGE\\nWHILE most visitors to the canyon have jour-\\nneyed on the stage from Flagstaff, my most\\nenjoyable experiences have been from Ashfork, a\\nsmall town at the junction of the main line and the\\nSanta Fe, Prescott, and Phoenix Railway.\\nEight miles west is a peculiar geological fault\\nwell worth visiting, which I have named Dante\\nDescent. It is about five hundred and fifty feet\\naround, on the level ground, from which it gradually\\nslopes for about thirty-five feet, when it makes a\\nprecipitous drop for nearly three hundred feet. As\\none approaches it on the level mesa where it is\\nfound, he has no idea of its existence, from any-\\nthino^ visible. It is revealed in a moment in its\\nweird awfulness for a dark, apparently bottomless\\nhole, suddenly opening up before one, is apt to\\nconvey the impression implied in the words weird\\nand awful. The first fifty feet is of volcanic rock,\\nthen there is a small bed of red clay resting upon\\nsandstone which extends to the bottom. This and\\nall the similar holes found in the region were un-\\ndoubtedly formed by the dropping out of the bot-\\ntom into some vast cave, which was made by the\\nslow washing out of the limestone rock by water", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0097.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "54 IN AND AROUND\\nchemically charged so as to rapidly decompose the\\nlimestone. Possibly one of the many subterranean\\nrivers, of the existence of which there is plenty of\\nevidence throughout Arizona, flows under Dante\\nDescent.\\nThrough rolling hills, clothed with rich grama\\nblack and wlrite and other grasses, a profusion of\\nhardy wild flowers and the smaller brush, the four-\\nhorse stage of Mr. W. W. Bass leaves Ashfork for\\nthe Canyon. In less than half a mile we are in\\nthe midst of a restful forest, not composed of lordly\\npines, but of cedars and junipers, whose gnarled,\\ntwisted, and contorted branches are made pictur-\\nesque in their rich clothing of green.\\nMany of the cedars present the appearance of\\nbeing in blossom, decorated as they are with the\\ngreat yellow parasitic bunches of mistletoe. The\\nentire country is a rich pasture land. Everywhere\\nis found the white grama grass, which grows in\\ncomplete but irregular circles, leaving a little hollow\\nin the centre, like a bird s nest. There is also the\\nbunch, buffalo, mesquite, sand, and bear grasses, and\\neven the beautiful blue grass. Besides the pinion\\nand cedar there is the live oak, over whose acorns\\nlively squirrels and gossiping jay-birds quarrel and\\nchatter; the sage brush, grease wood, yucca, mes-\\nquite, mescal, and many varieties of cactus.\\nThe road is fairly smooth and level, and a steady\\npace is kept up, which a slight run down hill\\nscarcely interferes with. Twelve miles out Indian\\ntanks are reached, where the Havasupai Indians\\nlong years ago built a rude dam to catch rain-water,\\nthat they might not be waterless w^hen out hunting", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0098.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON S5\\nso far away from their lovely canyon home, of which\\nthe blue water Hahavasu gives its name to\\nboth canyon and people.\\nTo the left is Mount Picacho, and farther to the\\nnorth, also on the left, Mount Floyd, an absolutely\\npure purple, almost black in its richness and in-\\ni^r z*..^\\nC o/ y right, 1S08, by Oliver L ippincott.\\nThe Flagstaff SxACiF: in Sight of the Sax Francisco\\nMountains.\\ntensity, both with their memories of Lieutenant\\nBeale, whose wagon road is crossed a little farther\\non, while to the east and south are to be seen, now\\nand again, as the hills open to permit the view, the\\nmore majestic piles of the San FVancisco Moun-\\ntains, Kendricks, Sitgreaves, and Williams. These\\nmountains, at times, like masses of limpid purple\\nvelvet, are softly outlined against the cloud-flecked,", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0099.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "56 IN AND AROUND\\nsunny sky, while beyond them the blue is shaded off\\ninto an amethystine violet by the cloud-hidden sun.\\nTo our right, in solitary stateliness, rises the\\nRed Butte, which the Havasupais call Hue-ga-da-\\nwi-za. Williams Mountain they designate Hue-ga-\\nwoo-la, the mountain of the bear, and the San\\nFranciscos, Hue-han-a-patch-a, the snow-clad moun-\\ntains. From these three names it will be apparent\\nthat Hue signifies mountain or rock to the\\nIndian and the remaining portion of the name\\ngives some special description.\\nFor over twenty miles the road continues through\\nCedar Park, no more beautiful, gently rolling, tree-\\nclad region existing in Arizona or elsewhere, and\\nthen we enter the western section of that great\\nPijitado Desierto, the boundaries of which no to-\\npographer has yet had the temerity to define. But\\nat this time it is no desert. The coloring is\\nhere, but after the summer rains it is a vast graz-\\ning ground, where a multiplicity of herds and flocks\\nmight find ample nourishment for long months.\\nThe uncertainty of the rains and the doubtful\\npermanence of the fertility of these vast plateaus,\\nhowever, render them hazardous locations for large\\nbands of animals. But now they are charming in\\ntheir green dress, and we laugh at the expression\\ndesert as applied to them.\\nMany a time on the Painted Desert have I been\\ndeceived by a mirage in the glare of the midday\\nsun, but seldom is it the good fortune of the trav-\\neller to see a moonlit mirage. One night, as 1\\nslept in the open near The Caves, I saw one and\\nwrote as follows About three miles away it appears,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0100.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\nS7\\na city on a plain, between two ranges of hills which\\nare as diverse as they can be. The one to the\\nright is the exact counterpart of the richly clad\\nslopes of MacGillicuddy Reeks in the Emerald\\nIsle, whilst the others are the barren, sand-worn\\nhills that fringe the Libyan Desert. The delusion\\nLooking for the Caves.\\nis perfect. The city slowly forms itself, and domes,\\nmosques, minarets, red-roofed houses, palaces with\\nnoble and imposing fa9ades appear, as if an oriental\\ncity Cairo or Alexandria were placed before us.\\nNow the palaces change to buildings of a business\\ncharacter, and before them a long quay extends, be-\\nfore which one can see the distinctive shipping of\\nmany nations. Waves caressed b}^ silvery bands\\nstretch to the rioht and left, whilst the two ransres\\nof hills chansfe and seem as if made of livincj sfold.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0101.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "58 IN AND AROUND\\nAnother change, then haziness, and the mystic scene\\ndisappears.\\nAhnost midway between Ashfork and the Canyon\\nwe enter a sHght depression, where the waters of\\nCataract Creek flow in the season of rains. A\\nturn in the road and Cataract Caves the half-\\nway station is reached, where a commodious\\ntent has been constructed over the Caves, called\\nby the Havasupais Wai-mel, caused by the drop-\\nping in of the surface to supply the never-satisfied\\nCataract Creek, which is here rasping out another\\nand underground passage-way for its waters from\\nWilliams Mountain to the place of their emer-\\ngence just above the Havasupai village. The\\nIndians have a tradition that this stream, at one\\ntime, flowed entirely above ground from the moun-\\ntains, down their canyon to the Colorado River,\\nbut that a long time ago ground heap shake em,\\nwater he go down. Mr. Bass claims that here is\\na perfect illustration of the forces at actual work\\nwhich account for the existence of the Grand Can-\\nyon, the theory of whose creation as expounded by\\nMajor J. W. Powell and Captain C. A. Dutton, and\\nbriefly outlined in a later chapter, he rejects. He\\nsays\\nHundreds of depressions, caves, and crevices are found\\nalong this channel, indicating that the earth s crust has\\nbeen shattered and broken. A subterranean stream of\\n2000 cubic inches of water is here rasping out another\\ngreat canyon, while these rents are protected from the\\ncorrosive force of erosion by the soil and debris that\\ncover them. The flood waters of the winter snow and\\nsummer rain have eaten out a channel through this basin", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0102.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 59\\nof the Cataract, and in many places uncovered the volcanic\\nrents in the earth s crust, opening up channels through\\nwhich thousands of tons of the surface deposits are an-\\nnually carried down into this subterranean river to make\\nnew land, where the water has no longer the power to\\nhold it. This ceaseless industry will continue until the\\nlateral exposure to heat, frost, wind, and rain begins its\\nwork of destruction. Disintegration will then be rapid,\\nand the walls of this gap in the earth, that now are only a\\nfew inches removed from each other, will recede farther\\nand farther apart until they have reached the shore line of\\nthis hidden stream, thus forming a narrow defile of per-\\npendicular walls of immense depth.\\nPassengers generally remain at The Caves over\\nnight, the easy ride for two days being much pre-\\nferred to rushing through to the Canyon in one\\nday, although with four relays of horses, the journey\\ncan easily be made in eight to nine hours.\\nIt is seldom that the second day s journey is\\nmade without seeing one or more bands of ante-\\nlope. One morning, soon after we left The Caves,\\nwe saw, to the left, a herd of ten or twelve. The\\nmoment our attention was called to them, they\\nbegan to run. They were not at all excited or\\nalarmed, but, with easy, gentle motion moved from\\nus, their short white tails distinctly contrasting with\\ntheir whitey-brown bodies.\\nReturning with a companion from the Canyon on\\nhorseback in September, 1895, we saw four separate\\nbands of antelope. In the first band were four, in\\nthe second thirteen, in the third sixteen, and in the\\nfourth seventeen. They were all so tame and gentle\\nthat if one had been so minded, he could easily have\\nshot one or more of each band. One band was in", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0103.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "6o IN AND AROUND\\nthe roadway about a quarter of a mile ahead of us\\nand remained watching our approach with curiosity\\nuntil we were within two or three hundred yards.\\nOn one occasion, 1898, we were driving in the\\ncoach from the head of the Bright Angel Trail along\\nthe rim of the Canyon to the Grand View Trail.\\nThe road is wooded nearly all the way. When\\nnearly opposite the amphitheatre upon which Thor\\nHammer and Cleopatra Needle stand, a large doe\\nran across our roadway not fifty yards ahead of us,\\nthen continued parallel with the road twenty or\\nthirty yards away, ran to our rear for perhaps a\\nquarter of a mile, and then resumed browsing. We\\nkept her in sight for a long distance.\\nMany a time have I gone over this road in a\\nheavy wagon in which were all our supplies for\\nman and beast for a prolonged stay at the Canyon.\\nWe had to camp out and endure (or enjoy, which-\\never we felt like calling it) the hardships, or pleasures,\\nof .sleeping wherever a pool of water made camping\\npossible. And on such trips how one learns things\\nWlien I was a lad, a common, current expression\\nwas, There s nothing like leather. But to the\\nArizonapioneer and traveller it has become, There s\\nnothing like baling wire. A single-tree breaks\\ntie it up with baling wire. A wagon pole snaps in\\ntwo make a splint and tie it on with baling wire.\\nA tire comes off slip it on and keep it in place\\nwith baling wire. Harness breaks baling wire.\\nButtons come off baling wire. Canteen-strap\\nbreaks baling wire. Indeed, I am convinced that\\nif some of the old-timers were left alone they would\\nreplace each portion of wagon, harness, and their", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0104.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 6i\\nown clothing with bahng wire, until, in the course\\nof time, a new organization, constructed of nothing\\nbut baling wire, would come into existence.\\nThen, too, the tenderfoot here learns something\\nof that strange operation of hobbling a horse.\\nThe faith of these Arizona drivers is marvellous.\\nWith a pasture fenced on the west by the Pacific,\\non the east by the Atlantic, on the south by the\\nIsthmus of Panama, and on the north by the Arctic\\nCircle, they will turn their horses loose, upon which\\ntheir lives actually depend, for, to be left to walk\\nover some portions of these deserts would certainly\\nmean a horrible death, and calmly and content-\\nedly go to sleep. The situation is just this Horses\\nmust eat, but men must sleep. If the former are\\ntied up without food, it will not be long before travel\\nbecomes impossible. To carry feed, except perhaps\\na little grain, is out of the question. The only thing\\nto be done is to hobble the horses and turn\\nthem loose. There are patent hobbles and primi-\\ntive hobbles, white men s hobbles and Indian s\\nhobbles. To hobble a horse is to tie his forelegs\\ntogether so that he cannot run swiftly, though he\\ncan hop with both forelegs raised at once, in a man-\\nner which makes him somewhat resemble a travel-\\nling kangaroo.\\nThen in the early morning the horses must be\\ntrailed, unhobbled, and brought back to camp.\\nSome men will be Q-one half the mornins^ looking:\\nfor their stock. They are incapable of quick trail-\\ning. Others will have them in while you are still\\nsnoring, and you awake later without any knowl-\\nedge of the early work that has been done on your", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0105.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "62 IN AND AROUND\\nbehalf. I liave been out in company with both\\nkinds of trailers, so know both experiences. From\\nmy first trip, when Mr. Bass brought in the horses\\nsoon after sunrise, to the present time, his skill in\\nfollowing tracks has always been a source of\\nwonderment to me, for he is as expert in it as any\\nIndian it has ever been my good fortune to meet.\\nOn that first trip we were going to the Grand\\nCanyon, and then to Havasupai village, with a special\\nIndian commissioner. I had been told it seldom\\nrained in Arizona, but that day how it did pour\\nIt came down in bucketfuls, and even the pockets of\\nmy linen duster were soon full of water. And as\\nmy horse loped on, I swashed in the water in every\\ndirection. But it was when he began to trot that\\nthe full misery of the situation was exposed. To\\nbe soaking wet, and to feel it as each bump of the\\nsaddle gave me a pressing and clinging reminder of\\nthe fact, was adding insult to injury. It was a\\nsituation for a Mark Tapley. Ahead drove Mr. Bass\\nand the commissioner in the wagon, crouched over\\ntheir knees and covered with a wildly waving um-\\nbrella; all conversation stopped. When I rode\\nup and saw their countenances, I could believe them\\nwhen they said they were as miserable as sin.\\nBut over a rousing camp-fire, when night came, clear\\nand beautiful, the discomforts were soon forgotten\\nand pleasure resumed her sway.\\nSoon after leaving The Caves the traveller s atten-\\ntion is arrested by a striking view of a bold promon-\\ntory to the north, which rises above all else in the\\nlandscape, looking as if it were thrust up for espe-\\ncial observation. It is a Point Sublime, not the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0106.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n63\\nPoint Sublime of Captain Dutton, which is a few\\nmiles farther east, but apparently the highest point\\nthe northern wall of the Grand Canyon presents.\\nIt is directly opposite Bass Camp, at the head of the\\nMystic Spring Trail, whither our steeds are fast\\nhastenino- us. I have named it Dutton Point in\\nCofyrigM, IH M, by F. H. Maude.\\nDutton Point Forty Miles away.\\nhonor of the distinguished geologist and brilliant\\nwriter.\\nWe cross the Moki Trail, that solitary line ruled\\nacross the Painted Desert centuries ago by the pa-\\ntient Pueblo Hopis as they passed and repassed to\\ntheir trading with their friends of the Down\\nBelow, the Kohoninos, as the Spaniards wrote the\\nKuhni-qui of the Zunis the Havasupai, as they call\\nthemselves. We recall the vivid description given by\\nLieutenant Frank Cushing of his trip from Zuni, via", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0107.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "64 IN AND AROUND\\nHopi and over this trail to these younger brothers\\nof the tribe into which he had been adopted, and\\nare tliankful that the hardships he endured in his\\ntrip are not hkely to be ours.\\nWhen we strike the borders of the cedar and\\njuniper forest on the northern end of our trip, we\\nknow we are not far away from the Canyon. Even\\nour horses seem to find new Hfe in that fact. A\\nvast grassy field is entered, then the enclosed pasture,\\nand after travellino- three miles farther the tents of\\nBass Camp gleam white before us, when, suddenly,\\nwithout a moment s warning, the stage stops by the\\nside and at the very brink of the Great Abyss.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0108.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 65\\nCHAPTER VII\\nTO THE CANYON BY RAILWAY, AND A FEW PRAC-\\nTICAL SUGGESTIONS TO THE TOURIST\\nFOUR or five years ago the Tusayan Develop,\\nment Company of New York became interested\\nin a group of copper mines located at no great dis-\\ntance from the head of the Bright Angel Trail.\\nThe promoter of the proposition was Bucky\\nO Neill, a prominent Arizona citizen, since made\\nworld-famous by his tragic death, when charging\\nwith the Rough Riders at the assault on San Juan.\\nThe New York company expended considerable\\nmoney in developing and opening up the mines,\\nand also interested other people with them in the\\nwork. As the Bright Angel Trail and Indian\\nGardens were near to the mines, the capitalists\\nsoon became interested in the Grand Canyon from\\nthe scenic standpoint, and, foreseeing the never-\\nending attraction it would prove to transcontinental\\ntourists when made easily accessible, they secured\\ncontrol of the trail, and made nesrotiations and\\npetitions which eventuated in their securing from\\nCongress a grant for a railway through the Grand\\nCanyon Forest Reserve. This railway is now built.\\nThe mining company has already erected a large\\nsmelting plant at Williams, and it is from this point\\nthat the railway starts. Striking due north, it\\n5", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0109.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "66 IN AND AROUND\\npasses over the masses of malapais until, when\\nfour miles out, it crosses one of the upper reaches of\\nHavasu (Cataract) Creek. If the rains are just over,\\nthe whole country will be one mass of green and\\ngorgeously beautiful wild flowers, wdth possibly\\nhere and there a healthful and interesting band\\nof sheep. At other times the country may look\\nrocky and barren, or be covered with a mantle of\\nsnow.\\nAfter crossing Havasu, the railway enters the\\ncedars and junipers, passes Red Lake, a vol-\\ncanic sink-hole, which, at rare intervals, is filled\\nwith water, and for ten or a dozen miles is in a\\nseries of charming parks where bands of deer and\\nantelope are often seen.\\nAll the way along glimpses and fine full views are\\nbeing presented of the majestic San Francisco, Ken-\\ndricks, and Sitgreaves Mountains, while Williams\\nMountain, with its seven wooded and rounded\\npeaks, appears to grow larger the farther away we\\ntravel.\\nTwenty-nine miles out, near the station of Valle,\\nis the big bridge, some fifty feet high and three\\nhundred feet long, over a branch of the Spring\\nValley Wash and here Red Butte becomes a\\nprominent landmark to the right. This is known\\nto the Havasupai Indians as Hue-ga-da-wi -za, or the\\nMountain of the Clenched Fist. It is upon this\\nbutte that a small fragment of the rich red of the\\nPermian sandstone that once covered the whole\\nGrand Canyon region is to be found and when\\nthis is brilliantly illuminated by the unrestrained\\nArizona sunlight, it eloquently explains why Red", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0110.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 67\\nButte for so long has been regarded as a prominent\\nlandmark of this portion of the Painted Desert.\\nFor here the great plateau, stretching away to\\neast and west, and once, undoubtedly, a portion of\\nthe vast Eocene Lake, is a part of that mysterious,\\nunbounded, and alluring Painted Desert, the colors\\nof which, seen under proper conditions, bewilder\\nwith their intensity while they attract by their rich-\\nness.\\nInteresting stories might be told of Red Butte\\nand its region. The Havasupais have a tradition\\nthat many years ago a large spring of water flowed\\nfrom near its base, but that in a great convulsion of\\nnature, which changed the current of the waters of\\nHavasu (Cataract) Creek, the spring disappeared,\\nand has never since been seen. The presence of a\\nnumber of quaking aspens in the region, however,\\nis reasonable indication that water is still there.\\nI am also informed that it was recently discovered,\\nin looking over some titles in the old registers at\\nTucson, that silver mining was extensively carried\\non near Red Butte by the Spaniards about the year\\n1650 and later.\\nCrossing the Red Horse Wash, known to the\\nHavasupais as Ha-i-ga-sa-jul -ga, the line reaches\\nAnita Junction. Here a spur three miles long\\nconnects the main line with the copper mines of\\nthe Anita, Cardenas, Nyack, and Five Friend com-\\npanies. The grade of the spur has been so en-\\ngineered that the loaded cars of ore from the mines\\nare brought down by gravity.\\nWhen discovered, the ore deposits of these mines\\nwere found to be great surface blankets, the mineral", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0111.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "68 IN AND AROUND\\nmainly consisting of carbonates of copper of from\\nio% to 20%. This ore was found in such large\\nquantities as to justify extensive operations.\\nFurther developments incline the mining experts\\nto the theory that these blanket deposits are out-\\nflows from the interior of the earth made during\\nsome seismic disturbance, and that the main ore\\nbodies will be found in dikes or chimneys through\\nwhich the ejection took place. At present the\\nminers are working upon an ore deposit which\\noffers every indication of being one of these dikes.\\nIt has been excavated to a depth of over thirty feet,\\nand the richness of the ore increases as the shaft\\ndescends. This supposed chimney is located on\\nthe Hard Up claim of the Anita group of mines.\\nRelying upon this theory, a shaft 231 feet has already\\nbeen sunk on the line of the Anita and Cardenas\\nmines, from which it is the intention to tunnel out\\nto the ore bodies which the experts are assured\\nmust exist.\\nIn May, 1900, I personally visited the mines, and\\nsaw the workings and the ore dumps. The former\\nshowed many hundreds of tons of high grade ore\\nin sight, and the latter contained not less than\\nfifteen hundred tons of average ore, ready for\\nreduction. It is interesting to note that in Feb-\\nruary, 1899, a shipment of non-selected ore was\\nmade to El Paso for reduction from the Anita\\nmines, and the result was 13% in copper. A later\\nshipment of one hundred tons of selected ore from\\nthe same camp secured a return of 21%.\\nSoon after leaving Anita Junction, the railway\\nenters a most beautiful country of pine and juniper,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0112.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0113.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0114.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 69\\na stately prelude to the majesties and grandeurs of\\nthe Kohonino (Coconino) Forest. Here it seems\\nas if one were suddenly transported to England, and\\nwere passing through a succession of landed estates,\\nwithout, however, finding the accompanying man-\\nsions. Aisles of stately trees, nature planted and\\ngrown, yet as perfectly in line as if set with mathe-\\nmatical precision, lead the eye into open glades\\nwhere deer and antelope move to and fro, and one\\nlooks instinctively for the bold fa9ade of an his-\\ntoric dwellino- or the battlemented towers of some\\nromantic castle.\\nNow, bearing off in a westerly direction, the rail-\\nway leaves the Kohonino Wash, and follows a pleas-\\nant little valley until within about two miles of\\nHa-ha-wai-i-tha-qual-ga, a natural well of clear, cold\\nspring water, which is never dry, winter or summer.\\nThis well is reached up a well- wooded and pictur-\\nesque wash, and from thence, four miles through\\nthe forest, the enchanted passenger is landed at the\\nBright Angel Hotel.\\nThis hotel is located in latitude 35 55 2,0\\nFrom the hotel to a point over Indian Garden\\nnamed station A, the horizontal distance is 8,588\\nfeet, and to a rock in the Colorado River on the same\\nline is 17,356 feet. The exact vertical descent from\\nthe hotel to Indian Garden is 3,108 feet, and from\\nthe garden to the Colorado River, 1,390, giving a\\ntotal descent from hotel to river of 4,498 feet,\\npractically, 5,000 feet. These are accurate measure-\\nments made by a skilled engineer.\\nThe entire length of the railway, including the\\nspur to the mines, is seventy miles, and so easy is", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0115.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "JO IN AND AROUND\\nthe grade that nowhere does it exceed 3%. The\\nengineering work is without any distinctive fea-\\ntures.\\nThe intelHgent visitor will not fail to remark, in\\nriding toward the rim, that the Canyon itself is not\\nthe immediate watershed of its own banks. The\\ncountry both north and south of the Canyon slopes\\nback from the rim, so that the anomaly is presented\\nof a river which does not drain the country con-\\ntiguous to its own banks, except in an indirect way.\\nThe water flows _/r(9;/2 the rim many miles, and there\\nempties, on the south, into either the Havasu (Cata-\\nract) Canyon or the Little Colorado, and these\\nstreams having rasped their way down, down, down,\\nthrough the thousands of feet of solid strata, finally\\ndischarge the waters they have collected into the\\nturbid stream of the Colorado Grande, which sullenly\\nroars in the depths of the Grand Canyon.\\nThis fact, and many other indications found in\\nthe development of the mines, incline their pro-\\nprietors to the seismic theory of the Canyon s\\nformation rather than that of corrasion and slow\\nuplift, as propounded by Powell and Dutton. It\\nseems to them that the Canyon is located on\\nthe axis of a great uplift, that trends generally\\nfrom the northeast to the southwest, and they\\nclaim that this slope of the country away from the\\nCanyon, both north and south, helps to confirm\\ntheir idea.\\nBe this as it may, the fact is evident, and it is a\\nsource of regret that the government maps do not\\nmake it more plain to the tyro in map reading:\\nfor, several prospectors, trusting to the ordinary", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0116.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 71\\nreading of the maps, have gone out expecting water,\\nonly to be disappointed almost to the point of\\ndeath.\\nIt is too early yet to prophesy what will be done\\nin the way of hotel building, but it is reasonable to\\nassume that a good hotel will be erected at\\nW illiams, and one at the head of the trail. This\\nlatter should be of the rustic and wild character,\\nrough logs, uncut boulders of the canyon stone,\\ndeep recessed porches, cavernous fireplaces, and\\nthe like. Then at Angel Point, on Angel Plateau,\\noverlooking the raging waters of the Inner Gorge,\\nanother hotel of the more conventional type might\\nbe erected to good advantage. From it carriage\\nroads could be constructed for a hundred miles\\nor more, affording unexampled opportunities for\\nobservation and study of this wondrous waterway\\nwhen two thousand to three thousand feet below\\nthe rim. The trail to the river has been much\\nimproved. Wire cables probably will be stretched\\nacross the Inner Gorge, to which boats can be\\nattached, and thus the clear, sweet, medicinal waters\\nof the Bright Angel Creek be made accessible.\\nOn the rim, carriage roads can be extended east-\\nward to the Grand View Hotel and Trail, and out\\neven as far as the Little Colorado River, and westward\\nto Havasupai Point, Bass Camp, the Mystic Spring\\nTrail, Wallapai Point, and on to the head of the\\nTopocobya, Moki, or Wallapai Trails to Havasu\\n(Cataract) Canyon, thus making accessible the water-\\nfalls of that scenic reo-ion and allowing the visitor\\nto see in his own home the little known Havasupai\\nIndian.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0117.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "72 IN AND AROUND\\nA Few Practical Suggestions to Canyon\\nTourists\\nThere are different classes of tourists. Some\\nare anxious to see and know as much of the\\nCanyon as possible, but are short of time; others\\nhave all the time there is, but merely visit the\\nCanyon as a perfunctory performance, because it\\nis the proper thing to do. Still others have both\\ntime and desire. My suggestions are to the first\\nand third classes.\\nIf, then, you are in a hurry, and wish to see as\\nmuch of the Canyon as possible in a short time,\\nplan at least for three days. The first of these\\nspend on the rim,- riding eastward to O Neill, Yaki,\\nand Cremation Points. Visit also Mallery Grotto,\\nwhere the Indian pictographs are. The second\\nday spend westward. Go out to Pima, Maricopa,\\nHopi, and Cyclorama Points. The third day give\\nto the trail, making the trip to and from the river.\\nOr, perhaps it would be advisable to make this trip\\non the second day, and take the western trip last.\\nIf you have abundance of time and wish to knoiu\\nthis portion of the Canyon, make arrangements to go\\neastward to the Grand View Trail, which descend.\\nThen ^o as far as Navaho Point, or, if the waoon\\nor bridle road is completed, go to the Little Colo-\\nrado River, where you can see the junction of the\\nsmaller river with its great namesake, the mouth\\nof Marble Canyon, and the great nonconformity in\\nthe pre-Cambrian rocks, which is so fascinatingly\\ndescribed by Powell, Dutton, and Walcott in their\\nrespective works.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0118.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 73\\nNow, returning to Bright Angel Hotel, arrange\\nfor the descent of the trail, and, if possible, a day on\\nBritrht Ano^el Creek on the other side of the\\nriver.\\nIn the mean time, plan with Mr. W. \\\\V. Bass of\\nthe M3 Stic Spring Trail for a western trip which will\\ntake in Pima, Maricopa, Hopi, and Cyclorama\\nPoints, with all the other interesting points between\\nCyclorama and Havasupai Points, which latter, as\\nI have elsewhere shown, is the chief outlook point\\nof the whole south wall. Descend the Mystic\\nSpring Trail, cross the river to the Shinumo\\nCreek, and ascend the north wall on the Bass\\nShinumo Trail, Then, on the summit of the\\nKaibab Plateau visit Point Sublime, where Cap-\\ntain Dutton sat when he wrote so poetically of\\nthe Canyon, and yet so learnedly and scientifically.\\nNow return to Bass Camp, and from thence go to\\nHavasu Canyon to see the Havasupai Indians, their\\nmost wonderful canyon home, and the charming\\nwaterfalls and caves that entrance all who see\\nthem.\\nThe tourist who makes such excursions as I\\nhave here briefly outlined, and who uses his eyes\\nand brain to good advantage, will have a fuller and\\nclearer knowledge of the Canyon than was pos-\\nsessed by any white man of ten years ago.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0119.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "74 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER VIII\\nFIRST IMPRESSIONS\\nIN local parlance the upper edge of the precipice\\nwalls that line the Canyon is called the rim.\\nWe never speak of the edge of the Canyon, or\\nthe banks of the Colorado River.\\nIt is a popular idea that the Canyon is through\\na country of mountains. This is a mistake. In-\\nstead, it cuts through a series of great plateaux,\\nknown on the north as the Kaibab, Powell, and\\nKanab Plateaux, and on the south as the Colorado\\nPlateau. The singularity of this formation is such\\nthat one does not discover the existence of this\\nvast waterway, as he journeys northward or south-\\nward, until he is on its very brink. Hence, the\\ntremendous and startling surprise that awaits every\\nvisitor. The Canyon springs upon him with the\\nleap of a panther, and, suggesting a deserted world,\\nyawns at his feet before he is aware that he is\\nwithin miles of it. It overwhelms him by its\\nsuddenness, and renders him speechless with its\\ngrandeur and masfnificence.\\nNo reading, no descriptions, no pictures, no\\nwarnings can prepare the mind for that one first\\nstupendous, overwhelming impression. Here are\\nthe impressions of a few travellers", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0120.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Copyright, ISUS. by Oliver Lippincott.\\nAyer Peak, oveiilookixg the Oi.d Trail.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0121.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0122.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON y^\\nTired as we were, we could not wait. It was only to\\nascend the little steep, stony slope, three hundred\\nyards and we should see! Our party were straggling\\nup the hill two or three had reached the edge. I looked\\nup. The duchess threw up her hands and screamed. We\\nwere not fifteen paces behind, but we saw nothing.\\nWe took the few steps, and the whole magnificence broke\\nupon us. No one could be prepared for it. The scene\\nis one to strike dumb with awe, or to unstring the nerves;\\none might stand in silent astonishment, another would\\nburst into tears.\\nThere are some experiences that cannot be repeated,\\none s first view of Rome, one s first view of Jerusalem.\\nBut these emotions are produced by association, by the\\nsudden standing face to face with the scenes most wrought\\ninto our whole life and education by tradition and reli-\\ngion. This was without association, as it was without par-\\nallel. It was a shock so novel that the mind, dazed, quite\\nfailed to comprehend it. All that we could grasp was a\\nvast confusion of amphitheatres and strange architectural\\nforms resplendent with color. The vastness of the view\\namazed us quite as much as its transcendent beauty.\\nWe had expected a canyon, two lines of perpendicular\\nwalls six thousand feet high, with the ribbon of a river at\\nthe bottom but the reader may dismiss all his notions\\nof a canyon, indeed, of any sort of mountain or gorge\\nscenery with which he is familiar. W^e had come into a\\nnew world. What we saw was not a canyon, or a chasm,\\nor a gorge, but a vast area which is a break in the plateau.\\nFrom where we stood it was twelve miles across to the\\nopposite walls. We looked up and down for twenty to\\nthirty miles. This great space is filled with gigantic archi-\\ntectural constructions, with amphitheatres, gorges, preci-\\npices, walls of masonry, fortresses terraced up to the level\\nof the eye, temples, mountain size, all brilliant with hori-\\nzontal lines of color, streaks of solid hues a few feet in\\nwidth, streaks a thousand feet in width, yellows, mingled", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0123.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "76 IN AND AROUND\\nwhite and gray, orange, dull red, brown, blue, carmine,\\ngreen, all blending in the sunlight into one transcendent\\nsuffusion of splendor. Afar off we saw the river in two\\nplaces, a mere thread, as motionless and smooth as a strip\\nof mirror, only we knew it was a turbid, boiling torrent,\\nsix thousand feet below us. Directly opposite the over-\\nhanging ledge on which wc stood was a mountain, the\\nsloping base of which was ashy gray and bluish; it rose\\nin a scries of terraces to a thousand-feet wall of dark red\\nsandstone, receding upward, with ranges of columns and\\nmany fantastic sculptures, to a finial row of gigantic\\nopera-glasses six thousand feet above the river. The\\ngreat San Francisco Mountain, with its snowy crater,\\nwhich we had passed on the way, might have been set\\ndown in the place of this one, and it would have been\\nonly one in a multitude of such forms that met the eye\\nwhichever way we looked. Indeed, all the vast moun-\\ntains in this region might be hidden in this canyon.\\nWandering a little away from the group and out of\\nsight, and turning suddenl}- to the scene from another\\npoint of view, I experienced for a moment an indescrib-\\nable terror of nature, a confusion of mind, a fear to be\\nalone in such a presence. With all this grotesqueness and\\nmajesty of form and radiance of color, creation seemed in\\na whirl. With our education in scenery of a totally differ-\\nent kind, I suppose it would need long acquaintance with\\nthis to familiarize one with it to the extent of perfect\\nmental comprehension. Charles Dudley Warner.\\nSuddenly the awful majesty of the Grand Canyon is\\nrevealed to his startled vision. There before him lies the\\nmighty red rift in the earth, the most stupendous gorge\\nwithin the knowledge of man. The mind is spellbound\\nby the spectacle; the voice is silent; the heart is sub-\\ndued; the soul turns in profound reverence to the Al-\\nmighty, whose handiwork is here seen on a colossal scale.\\nNo matter how^ many descriptions of the Grand Canyon\\nmay have been previously read by him who sees it for", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0124.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0125.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0126.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON j^\\nthe first time, its profound depths, its colossal heights, its\\nmyriad and matchless colors, its brilliant hues, its striking\\nlights and shades, its mighty sinuosities, and its altogether\\ngrand ensemble will fill the beholder with a mingled sense\\nof awe, wonder, admiration, and reverence.\\nI can well believe that the river took its name, Colo-\\nrado (red) from the prevailing hue of its walls, rather\\nthan from the color of the water, which is not red.^\\nHere is a mighty opening in the earth, whose capacity\\nin cubic feet must be measured by some mathematician\\nnot yet born upon the earth, for the man does not live\\nwho can make the figures. Imagine, if you can, all the\\narmies of all the nations of the earth, marching in solid\\ncolumns from opposite sides of this appalling gorge to\\nmeet each other in battle array, unconscious of the ex-\\nistence of this spot until too late to save themselves from\\nbeing swallowed up in its abysmal depths; imagine all\\nthese vast bodies of men, with all the guns, all the horses,\\ninfantry, cavalry, artillery, sappers, miners, and pon-\\ntoniers, all the transportation trains, and all the impedi-\\nmenta of an army, together with all the buildings of all\\nthe cities of the world, imagine all this vast aggrega-\\ntion of men and material thrown into this immeasurable\\nabyss, and the Grand Canyon would still remain unfilled\\nfor its entire length, and the Colorado River would con-\\ntinue to flow unintercepted on its reckless course to the\\nsea. In its measureless, cruel, insatiable maw all would\\nbe swallowed up. HARRISON Gray Otis.\\nThe first impression is awful (in the true sense of the\\nword). The party seemed to be standing in mid-air, while\\nbelow, the dark depths were lost in blackness and mystery.\\nThey were within a few feet of what seemed to be a great\\nbottomless pit. In the distance rocky peaks could be\\nseen rising out of the vast nowhere. Several of the party\\nIt is not a brilliant red, but it certainly is generally of a reddish\\ntinge, owing to its being surcharged with so large a quantity of oxy-\\ndized sandstone mud. Note by the Autlior.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0127.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "78\\nIN AND AROUND\\nwere convinced that the wind shook the overhanging rock\\non which they stood, and consequently all of them beat a\\nhasty retreat.\\nThe next morning a very different scene met the eyes\\nof the early risers. Instead of blackness there were beauty\\nand color of which they had hardly dreamed. The Canyon,\\nat all times majestic and dreamy, spread forth so many\\nCopyright by George Wharton James.\\nTiiK Three Castles, overlooking the Old Trail.\\nhues of purple, red, and yellow softly blended together,\\nthat a new feeling of awe swept over the gazers, and they\\nstood speechless. It would almost seem that Nature had\\naccidentally dropped an armful of rainbows, and being so\\nwell pleased with the effect, had left them there, to charm\\nour mortal eyes. PAULINE CURRAN.\\nTo see women btirst into tears and in a tremble\\nof ecstatic fear is a common sight. And to men\\nand women alike impressions of that first glimpse\\noften follow them into the realms of sleep. One", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0128.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 79\\nlady confessed that it haunted her in her dreams,\\nand it was only by a fortunate awakening that\\nshe escaped going over a twenty-five hundred foot\\nprecipice during the night in her dream.\\nAnother visitor wrote\\nThere was nothing in the topography of the country,\\nor the general surroundings, to indicate that we were within\\nmiles of Nature s greatest of wonders, until all of a sudden\\nthe low-browed forest of cedars vanished from our sight\\nthe stage came suddenly to a halt within six or eight feet\\nof a yawning depth two thousand or more feet to its bot-\\ntom, and such a panorama as was presented to our view,\\nwords cannot describe. Fatigue and gloom were forgot-\\nten the fury of the storm and the merciless beating of the\\nrain were unheeded, and there we sat and gazed awe-\\nstricken, speechless, at the Grand Canyon of the Colorado.\\nWhat emotions fill the soul what thoughts crowd the\\nmind, as the eye conveys its first impress of this most\\nmarvellous of all wonders to the brain One s powers of\\narticulation are paralyzed. Speech would be useless and\\nlanguage a mockery to attempt to describe one s emotions.\\nThey may, and even in some stout hearts often do, find vent\\nin tears, but after the first ejaculation of surprised delight\\nand admiration, seldom, or never, in words.\\nFar more instantaneously than the fairy transfor-\\nmation scenes in a pantomime emerge from the stage\\ndarkness the great view is unrolled. In this regard\\nthe approach to the Canyon by Bass Camp is im-\\nmeasurably superior to any other. It is dramatic,\\nawe-inspiring, overpowering. There is no waiting,\\nno walking from hotel to rim. Instantly more\\nlike magic than reality the scene, which is magi-\\ncal, mystical, ideal, and yet supremely natural, is in\\nfull view.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0129.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "8o IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER IX\\nWHAT DOES ONE SEE?\\nBUT what is it the spectator really sees that\\nproduces such impressions as those recorded\\nabove\\nAn easy question to ask, but far from easy to an-\\nswer. There are so many factors to the sum of\\nemotions, so many diverse powers working upon\\nthe more diverse minds of the diverse seers. Let\\nsome of them speak for themselves.\\nNo poet s tale of joy or sorrow, love or death, casts its\\nwitchery over the picture; these silent mountain peaks\\nand deep, impenetrable canyons are associated with no\\nheroic action, no sublime despair. The Canyon stands out\\nbefore you in its simple majesty; its wonderful beauty,\\nvast dimensions, and untold ancientness appealing only to\\nyour aesthetic sense. All the colors of the rainbow combine\\nto make a panoramic picture, fift\\\\ miles long, of vast\\nforms, in which all known styles of human architecture\\nare blended in profuse and chaotic magnificence, Ionic,\\nCorinthian, and Doric pillars, a wilderness of pyramids,\\ntowers, and temples, pinnacles, spires, domes, and Egyp-\\ntian obelisks a chaos of rock in all conceivable shapes.\\nIts chaotic immensity utterly bewilders the seiises,\\nand fills the soul to overflowing with awe and admiration\\nfor the marvellous achievements of the God of nature. Its\\nmatchless sublimity, divine grandeur, infinite beauty, are\\nfar beyond the comprehension of the finite mind. Man s", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0130.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "o", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0131.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0132.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 8i\\ncapacities are too limited to fully grasp and appreciate\\nwhat is here unveiled. The man of letters is appalled as\\nhe gazes down into its depths. The artist relapses into\\ndespair as he views the numberless cliffs, pinnacles, spires,\\ndomes, obelisks, pagodas, and measureless amphitheatres,\\nwith all their wealth of coloring, the secret of whose blend-\\nDuTTON Point and Masonic Temple from the Grand\\nScenic Divide.\\ning is known only to the Creator. The geologist is amazed\\nand delighted as he contemplates his surroundings, and he\\nsees how the Stone Book of Nature has been opened for\\nhis delectation.\\nNever before has he been permitted to gaze on so\\nmuch of the physical geology of the earth at one glance.\\nNowhere else can he find such an elaborate and exhaust-\\nive treatise on dynamics as in the Grand Canyon of the\\nColorado. More than six thousand feet of sedimentary\\n6", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0133.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "82 IN AND AROUND\\nformations are plainly visible at a single glance, represent-\\ning periods of geological time that utterly defy mathemat-\\nical calculation or human conception. J. C. Martin.\\nAn inferno, swathed in soft celestial fires; a whole\\nchaotic under-world, just emptied of primeval floods and\\nwaiting for a new creative word a boding, terrible thing,\\nunflinchingly real, yet spectral as a dream, eluding all\\nsense of perspective or dimension, outstretching the faculty\\nof measurement, overlapping the confines of definite ap-\\nprehension. The beholder is at first unimpressed by any\\ndetail he is overwhelmed by the ensemble of a stupendous\\npanorama, a thousand square miles in extent, that lies\\nwholly beneath the eye, as if he stood upon a mountain\\npeak instead of the level brink of a fearful chasm in the\\nplateau whose opposite shore is thirteen miles away. A\\nlabyrinth of huge architectural forms, endlessly varied in\\ndesign, fretted with ornamental devices, festooned with\\nlace-like webs formed of talus from the upper clifts, and\\npainted with every color known to the palette in pure\\ntransparent tones of marvellous delicacy. Never was a\\npicture more harmonious, never flower more exquisitely\\nbeautiful. It flashes instant communication of all that\\narchitecture, and painting, and music for a thousand years\\nhave gropingly striven to express. It is the soul of Michael\\nAngelo and of Beethoven.\\nThat river channel, the profoundest depth, and actually\\nmore than six thousand feet below the point of view, is in\\nseeming a rather insignificant trench, attracting the eye\\nmore by reason of its sombre tone and mysterious sugges-\\ntion than by any appreciable characteristic of a chasm. It\\nis nearly five miles distant in a straight line, and its upper-\\nmost rims are three thousand feet beneath the observer,\\nwhose measuring capacity is entirely inadequate to the\\ndemand made by such magnitudes. One cannot believe\\nthe distance to be more than a mile as the crow flies,\\nbefore descending the wall or attempting some other form", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0134.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n83\\nof actual measLii-ement. Merc brain knowledge counts for\\nlittle against the illusion under which the organ of vision\\nis here doomed to labor. That red cliff upon your right,\\ndarkening from white to gray, yellow and brown as your\\nglance descends, is taller than the Washington Monument.\\nThe Auditorium in Cliicago would not cover one-half its\\ntk :?!_ Lit\\nCo/ijri^/it, li^ )S, in Olut l^ippiiuoit\\nKoHONixo Forest and Point from near Comanche Point.\\nperpendicular span. Yet it does not greatly impress you.\\nYou idly toss a pebble toward it, and are surprised to note\\nhow far the missile falls short. Subsequently you learn\\nthat the cliff is a good half-mile distant. If you care for\\nan abiding sense of its true proportions, go over to the\\ntrail that begins beside its summit, and clamber down to\\nits base and back. You will return some hours later, and\\nwith a decided respect for a small Grand Canyon cliff.\\nRelatively it is insignificant in that sense your first esti-\\nmate was correct. Were Vulcan to cast it bodily into the\\nchasm directly beneath your feet, it would pass for a", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0135.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "84 IN AND AROUND\\nboulder, if indeed it were discoverable to the unaided eye.\\nYet the immediate chasm itself is only the first step of a\\nlong terrace that leads down to the innermost gorge and\\nthe river. Roll a heavy stone to the rim and let it go. It\\nfalls sheer the height of a church or an Eiffel Tower, ac-\\ncording to your position, and explodes like a bomb on a\\nprojecting ledge. If, haply, any considerable fragments\\nremain, they bound onward like elastic balls, leaping in\\nwild parabola from point to point, snapping trees like\\nstraws, bursting, crashing, thundering down until they\\nmake a last plunge over the brink of a void, and then there\\ncomes languidly up the cliff sides a faint, distant roar, and\\nyour boulder that had withstood the buffets of centuries,\\nlies scattered as wide as VVycliffe s ashes, although the\\nfinal fragment has lodged only a little way, so to speak,\\nbelow the rim. C. A. HiGGiNS.\\nHere are great mansions, built high and secure upon\\nrock-walled spaces more temples of the Greek, the Roman,\\nthe Egyptian more modern churches more villages\\nmore turret-crowned castles gigantic esplanades upon\\nwhich might be manceuvred the armies of the world s most\\npowerful nations; beetling cliffs that tower up to the blue\\nhorizon and bathe their feet in the murk) river; great\\ndumps of disintegrated rock like waste from mammoth\\nmines; piles of material stacked up ready to build a hun-\\ndred Londons great palisades that in comparison make\\nthe palisades of the Hudson as but a baby s finger mark\\non the wall. All these one sees and notes as the shadows\\nlengthen from the mountain which sits enwalled in the\\ncanyon below him. UNKNOWN.\\nThe Grand Canyon of the Colorado is a great innova-\\ntion in modern ideas of scenery, and in our conceptions of\\nthe grandeur, beauty, and power of nature. As with all\\ngreat innovations, it is not to be comprehended in a day or\\na week, nor even in a month. It must be dwelt upon and\\nstudied, and the study must comprise the slow acquisition", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0136.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 85\\nof the meaning and spirit of that marvellous scenery which\\ncharacterizes the Plateau country, and of which the great\\nchasm is the superlative manifestation. The study and\\nslow mastery of the influences of that class of scenery and\\nits full appreciation is a special culture, requiring time,\\nl)atience, and long familiarity for its consummation. The\\nlover of nature, whose perceptions have been trained in\\nthe Alps, in Italy, Germany, or New England, in the\\nAppalachians or Cordilleras, in Scotland or Colorado,\\nwould enter this strange region with a shock, and dwell\\nthere for a time with a sense of oppression, and perhaps with\\nhorror. Whatsoever things he had learned to regard as\\nbeautiful and noble he would seldom or never see, and\\nwhatsoever he might see would appear to him as any-\\nthing but beautiful and noble. Whatsoever might be\\nbold and striking would at first seem only grotesque.\\nThe colors would be the very ones he had learned to shun\\nas tawdry and bizarre. The tones and shades, modest and\\ntender, subdued yet rich, in which his fancy had always\\ntaken special delight, would be the ones which are con-\\nspicuously absent. But time would bring a gradual change.\\nSome day he would suddenly become conscious that out-\\nlines which at first seemed harsh and trivial have grace\\nand meaning that forms which seemed grotesque are full\\nof dignity that magnitudes which had added enormit) to\\ncoarseness have become replete with strength and even\\nmajesty; that colors which had been esteemed unrefined,\\nimmodest, and glaring, are as expressive, tender, changeful,\\nand capacious of effects as any others. Great innovations,\\nwhether in art or literature, in science or in nature, seldom\\ntake the world by storm. They must be understood before\\nthey can be estimated, and must be cultivated before they\\ncan be understood.\\nIt is so with the Grand Canyon. The observer who\\nvisits its commanding points with the expectation of ex-\\nperiencing forthwith a rapturous exaltation, an ecstasy\\narising from the realization of a degree of grandeur and", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0137.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "86 IN AND AROUND\\nsublimity never felt before, is doomed to disappointment.\\nSupposing him to be but little familiar with plateau\\nscenery, he will be simply bewildered. Must he therefore\\npronounce it a failure, an overpraised thing? Must he\\nentertain a just resentment towards those who may have\\nraised his expectations too high? The answer is, that sub-\\njects which disclose their full power, meaning, and beauty\\nas soon as they are presented to the mind have very little\\nof those qualities to disclose. Moreover a visitor to the\\nchasm or to any other famous scene must necessarily come\\nthere (for so is the human mind constituted) with a picture\\nof it created by his own imagination. He reaches the spot,\\nthe conjured picture vanishes in an instant, and the place\\nof it must be filled ane\\\\v. Surely no imagination can con-\\nstruct out of its own material any picture having the\\nremotest resemblance to the Grand Canyon. In truth, the\\nfirst step in attempting a description is to beg the reader\\nto dismiss from his mind, so far as practicable, any precon-\\nceived notion of it. C. A. Button.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0138.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "5\\nQ\\n=0\\nZ\\n-S\\nw\\nX\\ntii;\\nu\\nJ\\ng\\ns\\no\\nJ\\ntj\\ni\u00c2\u00a3 A\\nPh\\noi\\nw tj\\nu\\nJ\\nt^\\nw- a.\\n[1.\\nW S\\nw\\nJ t;\\nj\\n1\\n1\\n1/3\\nH\\nK\\nt^ w\\np\\nW\\npH\\nI\\nW\\nH\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba4\\nK\\np:\\nC\\nW\\n1\\ng^\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1^\\nr-\\nc-i\\n1\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba1\\nE\\nr-i C\\n-T!\\nP H\\n:/3\\nS c\\nO P-\\nf^\\nfc c\\ns\\nH\\nin\\nW^\\ni^\\no\\no\\nJ", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0139.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0140.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 87\\nCHAPTER X\\nON THE RIM\\na. The View from Comanche (Bissell), Ute\\n(Moran), and Paiuti (Grand View) Points.\\nb. Hopi Point.\\nc. Surprise Outlook Bass Camp.\\nd. Eastern Outlook from Havasupai Point.\\ne. Western Outlook from Wallapai Point.\\nf. Pillars of Erosion.\\nZ. Various Impressions.\\na. The View from Comanche (Bissell), Ute\\n(Moran), and Paiuti (Grand View) Points\\nTHESE are the three chief points of the canyon\\nregion originally reached by stage from Flag-\\nstaff. While there are slight differences in the out-\\nlooks from these points, the general effect is much\\nthe same. In one distinctive feature the views pre-\\nsented from these three points surpass any that may\\nbe seen elsewhere. This is in the apparent /r^2/.f26 ;2\\nand close proximity of the great buttes and temples\\nthat fill up so much of the space on the north side\\nof the river. Vishnu Temple, the greatest piece\\nof sculpture in the Canyon, Newberry Terrace^\\nSolomon Throne, Shinto Temple, and several others,\\nare in close and full view, and make a marvellous", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0141.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "88 IN AND AROUND\\nspectacle. I shall not attempt any lengthened or\\ndetailed description of the Canyon at these points,\\nas, in all general features the Eastern Outlook from\\nHavasupai Point covers all that the visitor sees here.\\nThe massive temple that ever forces itself upon\\nthe vision, whether on the Red Canyon, the Old,\\nthe Grand View, or the Bright Angel Trails, is\\nVishnu Temple, and the detached portion of the\\ngreat Kaibab Plateau slightly to the west has been\\nnamed Newberry Terrace, from the great geologist\\nwho first propounded the theory that water and the\\nuplift of the continent accounted for the existence\\nof the Canyon,\\nIt has so often been claimed that Point Sublime\\nis opposite the Flagstaff-reached camps that it will\\nbe a surprise to many who have visited the Canyon\\nat these points to learn that they have been misin-\\nformed. The point seen is Cape Final the Point\\nSublime of Captain Dutton being some forty miles\\nfarther west.\\nOpposite the Hance Camp the three rock masses\\non the left of the Canyon down which the Old Trail\\nreached the river have been named the Three\\nCastles, and the towerino- mountain to the ri2:ht\\nhas long borne the name Ayer Peak, in honor of\\nMrs. E. E. Ayer, of Chicago, who was the first\\nwhite woman to descend the Canyon at this point.\\nFrom all these three Points a wonderful portion\\nof the beginning of the Grand Canyon is seen, as\\none looks eastward towards the o;reat wall which\\ndenotes the entrance of the Little Colorado.\\nThis first section of the Grand Canyon, from the Little\\nColorado to the beginning of the Granite Gorge, some", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0142.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 89\\neighteen miles in distance, is one of great interest. The\\nwhole section seems to have been upturned, tumbled ov^er,\\nand mixed in every imaginable shape, some of the oldest\\nand newest formations standing side by side, showing\\nmost gorgeous coloring of mineralized matter, from dark\\npurple and green to bright red and yellow. The river\\nruns through quite a wide valley, with bottom lands and\\ngroves of mesquite. The top walls of the Canyon are\\nmiles and miles apart, and hills and knobs rise between\\nthe river and the walls beyond, these being separated by\\ndeep washes and gulches running in every direction.\\nR. B. Stanton.\\nFrom Comanche (Bissell) Point a wonderful view\\nis had down the river of the Inner Gorge.\\nThe distance is about seventeen miles, and the\\nlength of the river exposed is nearly three miles,\\na strip of glistening dirty brown in the depths of\\nthe dark and forbidding granite.\\n{b) Hopi Point\\nThe chief points of observ-ation on the rim near\\nthe Bright Angel Hotel are, to the east, O Neill\\nand Cremation Points, and to the west, Maricopa,\\nHopi, and Cyclorama Points. All these are well\\nworth a visit. The eastern views are practically\\nthe same as those already described, but the Qreneral\\noutlook from Hopi Point requires more detailed\\ndescription.\\nStanding on Hopi Point, one naturally looks\\nfirst of all for the river. It is clearly discernible\\nin five places. Looking eastward, short stretches\\nboth east and west of Pluto Pyramid are exposed.\\nTo the west of Mahomet Temple is a small peep-", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0143.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "90\\nIN AND AROUND\\ning eye of river, which seems as if it could be\\ncovered with one s handkerchief. This is the\\nE^ e of the Colorado. Another small stretch is\\nseen at the end of Cyclorama Point, and then,\\nbeyond the end of Cope Plateau a view is obtained\\nof at least three miles of the muddy, turbulent\\nwaters of this maddest of all mad rivers.\\nNow pick out all the buttes and temples de-\\nscribed in the chapter on the Bright Angel Trail,\\nand the points east and west that force themselves\\nupon the attention. Eastward are Pima, O Neill,\\nYaki, Comanche, and far away Navaho. Across\\nthe river are Vishnu Temple and Newberry Ter-\\nrace. Standinor between these orreat structures and\\nourselves are the buttes that make up the interest-\\nine Aneel Gate, which I so named on account of\\nthe following legend.\\nIn an earlier chapter reference has been made to\\nthe mythology of one of the Paiuti tribes, which\\naccounts for the creation of the great gorge. Some\\nday the gods Those Above will return to the\\nearth, and Angel Gate is to be their place of\\ndescent from the shadow world above to the\\nworld of the here below. This gate may be\\nseen from several of the trails and outlook points\\non the rim, and the following is the story the\\nIndians tell about it. While their ancestors settled\\nin these regions under the direct guidance of\\nThose Above, they ever believed and taught\\ntheir descendants that some day, some time, the\\nsods would return to the earth and lead them into\\na far more beautiful, fertile, and better watered\\nland, where seeds, fruits, flowers, vegetables, roots.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0144.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "Q W\\nPQ\\ngo\\nw", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0145.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0146.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 91\\ntrees, and game of every kind would abound, and\\nwhere the Indians would find an earthly home, a\\nfit foretaste of their spirit home. But the gods\\ntold no one exactly when this visit to the earth\\nwas to be made, so it has been the duty of cer-\\ntain Shamans, or medicine men, on given days of\\nthe year to watch for their coming. And it is\\nthrough this gateway they will come. So the\\nIndians call it The Entrance or Gateway of the\\nPeople of the Shadows, and the priests sit where\\nthey can watch Angel Gate from the rising to\\nthe setting of the sun, that they may be ready to\\nwarn their people when Those Above come to lead\\nthem from their present homes of poverty, toil, and\\nceaseless struggle to their new and blessed homes\\nof plenty, comfort, and rest.\\nJust beyond Yaki Point, where the Battleship\\nOregon stands, carved in imperishable stone, in the\\nheart of the Canyon, is a long terrace of the red\\nsandstone with a sharp, detached butte at the north\\nend. This is Gilbert Terrace, so named after the\\naccomplished geologist who, when with the Wheeler\\nSurvey, made the ascent of the Colorado in its very\\njaws up as far as Diamond Creek. The record of\\nthis trip is practically unknown, but it is as fascinat-\\ning a chapter as any in American exploring annals.\\nThe Battleship Iowa is also clearly seen from\\nhere, and, below it is a small red sandstone plateau\\nnamed Marsh Plateau, in honor of the great paleon-\\ntologist and as a similar plateau is found at the\\nextremity of Cyclorama Point, it has been named\\nCope Plateau, after his great rival in the paleonto-\\nlogical field.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0147.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "92 IN AND AROUND\\nIf the atmosphere is in a suitable condition,\\nManu Temple is clearly defined against the wall\\nof the Kaibab Plateau, here known as the Haunted\\nMesa, where Phantom Creek has its rise.\\nTo the north and west of Shiva Temple is\\na massive square rock-pile which I have named\\nHolmes Tower, after that most genial and accom-\\nplished scientist in so many branches, Mr. W. H.\\nHolmes. Geology not only owes him much for\\nhis charming drawings, which embellish Captain\\nDutton s canyon report, but archaeology and eth-\\nnology are his great debtors, as a cursory survey of\\nthe reports of the Bureau of Ethnology will reveal.\\nAnd it seemed most appropriate that one of the\\ngreat canyon monuments, which stood almost under\\nhis eyes as he sat on Point Sublime making his\\ninimitable drawings, should receive his name.\\nWest of Confucius Temple is another great\\nbutte which is named Becker Butte, and between\\nthis and Holmes Tower, at the western extension\\nof Shiva Temple, is Russell Butte, so named after\\nthe geologist who traced the beaches of the pre-\\nhistoric Lake Lahontan. Beyond Russell Butte,\\nand almost due west of Becker, is a square red\\ntower which is named Gannett Tower, after the\\nman whose topographical work has made world-\\nfamed the maps of the United States Geological\\nSurvey.\\nAway off in the direction of Havasupai Point\\n(which seems to reach almost across the river to\\nDutton Point), in the heart of the Canyon, north\\nof Geikie Monument, is a small square structure in\\nthe lower part of the red wall limestone, which is", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0148.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 93\\nso like the pictures shown of the prehistoric tem-\\nples of Yucatan that it is named Yucatan Temple.\\n(c) Surprise Outlook Bass Camp\\nAt Bass Camp there are three especial views\\nafforded, which give the intelligent visitor a clearer\\ncomprehension of the Canyon in all its aspects than\\ncan be obtained, according to my judgment, in any\\nother way. These three are the Surprise Out-\\nlook, the Eastern View of the Canyon from\\nHavasupai Point, and the Western View from\\nWallapai Point.\\nThe first view encountered by the visitor to Bass\\nCamp is that which is presented as the stage, with-\\nout warning, halts immediately on the edge of the\\nCanyon, close to the head of Mystic Spring Trail,\\nhence its name, Surprise Outlook. Here, after\\nthe first impression which is always of the Can-\\nyon s vastness has somewhat subsided, the eye\\ninstinctively seeks the important point on the op-\\nposite side, which has already been referred to as\\nDutton Point. This is the Point Sublime of\\nour stage ride the great promontory that rises\\nover half a thousand feet above every other canyon\\npoint within our ken, as, forty miles away, we ap-\\nproach the great gorge. It is the extreme eastern\\nend of Powell Plateau.\\nAlmost immediately opposite Bass Camp, slightly\\nto the left, and directly in the heart of the Canyon,\\nis Mount Observation, a solitary, lone, rocky giant\\nof cross-bedded sandstone, topped with a small resi-\\ndue of cherty limestone. From where we stand at", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0149.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "94\\nIN AND AROUND\\nniofht we can look out and see the moon shed its\\nsilver brilliancy over the massive white walls, which\\ngained the mountain its name from the Indians,\\nHue-tha-wa-li, White Mountain. It is one of\\nthe most impressive specimens of the result of the\\nEastern End of Mount Orskrvation.\\nerosive and disintegrating^ processes of nature to\\nbe seen in this region. Its talus has more slope\\nthan the generality of the cliffs, and this makes the\\napproach to it fairly easy. It seems as if you might\\nthrow a stone to it from where we stand on the\\nrim of the Canyon, and it is one of the first lessons\\nin distance that many a tourist will eventually take,\\nto find out how far away it really is.\\nThe next features that attract our attention are", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0150.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 95\\nthe three central, interior plateaux, which, two\\nthousand feet below the rim, thrust their noses far\\nout from the south wall until they seem to be im-\\nmediately over the Inner Gorge, where the Colorado\\nRiver flows in sullen majesty through the granite.\\nThe plateau which connects the south wall with\\nthese interior plateaux is named Le Conte Plateau.\\nThese are all in the red sandstone. The upper\\nstratum the deep chocolate has entirely disap-\\npeared except at each end of Hue-tha-wa-li. The\\nplateau to the west, which is partially hidden by\\nHue-tha-wa-li, is the Mystic Spring Plateau, so\\nnamed from a small medicinal spring long known\\nto the Havasupai Indians and used by them. It\\noozes apparently through the red sandstone into a\\nrocky basin on the edge of the western precipice.\\nThe central plateau, and, from where we stand,\\nthe most striking one, is named after Hue-tha-wa-li\\n(Mount Observation), Hue-tha-wa-li or Observation\\nPlateau, as this mountain stands close upon its\\npoint of junction with Le Conte Plateau. At its\\nend is an eroded mass of red sandstone, clearly\\ndefined and distinct, to which the name has been\\ngiven of Murchison Butte. Still nearer the end,\\nand belonging to the red limestone or marble wall,\\nis a pagoda, modest in size and appearance, from\\nhere, but which would make miniature the largest\\ncreations of the architects of Hindoostan. It is\\ncalled The Temple of Om.\\nThe easternmost of the three plateaux has been\\nmost appropriately named by Mr. Bass the Grand\\nScenic Divide, for here, geologically as well as\\nscenically, the character of the Canyon undergoes", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0151.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "96\\nIN AND AROUND\\nmaterial chang^e. At its end is a small eroded\\nneedle of red sandstone, which, however, to those\\nwho have climbed to its base, is an imposing\\nobelisk, larger and more massive than the Washing-\\nton Monument. This is Dick Pillar, so named in\\nhonor of the in-\\ndefatigable Rob-\\nert Dick of\\nThurso, Scotland,\\n-whose labors in\\nthe old red sand-\\nstone added so\\nmuch to the geo-\\nlogical knowledge\\nof his and our\\ntimes.\\nThese plateaux\\nvary in width from\\na quarter of a mile\\nto over a mile\\nwide; they are\\ndotted with what\\nseem, from here,\\nto be patches of\\ngrass, but which\\nare juniper and pinion trees from ten to forty feet\\nin height. Each plateau broadens out towards its\\nbase by a series of steps, clearly marking the strati-\\nfication of the red sandstone down to the so-called\\nred wall limestone, which is a sheer wall from seven\\nhundred to one thousand feet high.\\nTo form a good idea of the arrangement of these\\nradiating plateaux, imagine Le Conte Plateau to be\\nDick Pillar at the End of Grand\\nScenic Divide.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0152.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 97\\nthe wrist of a giant hand with but three fingers.\\nThe Grand Scenic Divide is the easternmost finger,\\nTrail Canyon (down which the Mystic Spring Trail\\ncontinues to the river) is the space between the first\\nand middle fingers, Hue-tha-wa-li or Observation\\nPlateau the middle finger, and Mystic Spring\\nPlateau the finger to the west, while Copper Canyon\\ndivides these two westernmost fingers. On the\\nedge of Le Conte Plateau, like a great wart between\\nthe knuckles of these fingers, is Mount Observa-\\ntion, Hue-tha-wa-li.\\nHue-tha-vva-li is a mountain between five thou-\\nsand and six thousand feet high, almost as high\\nas Mount Lowe, above Pasadena, California, or\\nMount Washington in New England, having its\\nbase washed by the Colorado River, and yet it is\\nmerely a feature in the vast scene between the\\nrocky banks of that river. It is oval in shape, and\\nwhen first seen by dim moonlight gives color to the\\nimagination, which sees in it a wrecked vessel, dis-\\nmasted and storm-beaten, cast high upon these in-\\nhospitable rocks, and there petrified and doomed to\\nremain forever.\\nBy this time the great mural face stretching west-\\nward from Dutton Point has successfully enchained\\nthe attention. Its dominant color is red, though\\nit is crowned with the deep green of tall pines,\\nmany of which have dropped over the edge and\\nplanted themselves in the talus of the upper gray\\nlimestones and sandstones, especially towards the\\npoint. As we are in the curve of a receding amphi-\\ntheatre, the wall across is fully ten or twelve miles\\naway, while farther walls to the right are fifteen to\\n7", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0153.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "98 IN AND AROUND\\nseventeen miles. Try to realize a wall nearly a\\nmile hiq;h and twelve miles distant, anoled and\\nrecessed, the line of its summit almost even on the\\nhorizon, though curving towards us to the left, but\\nwhose mural front zigzags and curves, protrudes and\\nretreats, until it is obscured by the irregularities of an\\nobtrusive point belonging to this side of the Canyon.\\nTo the left of Dutton Point a hump in the surface\\nof the wall is seen, and this we call Powell Arch.\\nImmediately below Dutton Point, to the left, is a\\ngreat square recess, formed by the red marble wall\\nwhich faces us, an anovular extension of the lower\\nwall of the point, and an eastern wall, which shoots\\nout at right angles, completing a striking square\\ntemple, closed on three sides and opened towards the\\nsouthwest. Its being on the square suggested\\nthe name the Masonic Temple. Another larger\\nbut somewhat similar three-sided temple, in the red\\nmarble, and at the same elevation, at the eastern\\nextremity of Dutton Point, with elaborate extended\\nside walls, was called the Temple of the Rising\\nSun, for it receives the first rays of the August\\nsun as they dart over the eastern walls of the\\nCanyon. It is easy for the imagination to picture\\nthe souls of devout Parsees standing here, as at\\nBombay and elsewhere, greeting the rising of the\\nmorning luminary with all the adoration worthy so\\npowerful and benignant a deity.\\nFollowing the wall of Powell Plateau westward, it\\nterminates, or seems to do so, in two points, a\\nsharp one to the extreme west, and a more blunt\\none nearer this way. The sharp point is called Ives\\nPoint, and the eastern one Beale Point.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0154.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 99\\nA little to the west of Masonic Temple, also, will\\nbe observed a somewhat straggling offshoot from\\nthe upper red wall terminating in a butte. This is\\nClarence Wall and King Butte, so named to con-\\nnect them with the name and labors of Clarence\\nKing.\\nThe farther walls to the right of Button Point,\\nand which extend as far as we can see to tlie east-\\nward, are not so striking in the facial characteristics\\nof the upper thousand feet as they are lower down.\\nThere has been a more decided invasion here of\\nverdure from the densely clothed Kaibab Plateau\\non the north, and the trees have robbed the walls of\\nthat purely rocky character which elsewhere they\\npossess almost exclusively. The change is a delight-\\nful one, for the most avaricious rock-lover cannot\\ncomplain of any lack of his chosen material. This\\npart of the wall is less regular than the wall of\\nPowell- Plateau. It is deeply recessed by alcoves\\nand amphitheatres, in the front of which are detached\\nmasses or buttes, square towers, and meandering\\nwalls that give additional character, dignity, and\\nimpressiveness to the scene. The most imposing of\\nthese detached towers is a square ponderous mass,\\nrising from the greenish gray terraces of the sand-\\nstone, first, in a leap upwards of nearly one thousand\\nfeet of red wall limestone or marble, then in a\\nseries of red sandstone terraces, and finally, in an\\neven though steep slope of deepest crimson, fringed\\nwith green, to the summit, upon which is placed what\\nseems to be a short but perfectly circular memorial\\nshaft. Its upper portion is made of the gray and\\nthe lower of the rich crimson sandstone. Many\\nL of C.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0155.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "lOO\\nIN AND AROUND\\nyears ago the first white lady to descend the Canyon\\nat this point named this Bass Tomb, and I see\\nno reason to reject the name, for in sight of it Mr.\\nBass s most arduous labors have been spent, and\\nhere it is appropriate he should have his immortal\\nmemorial. There is a private chapel attached to\\nIn Trail Canyon, looking across to Bass Tomb and\\nDox Castle.\\nthe marble base of the tomb, caused by walls of\\nmarble partially enclosing it. The open space faces\\nus. This is Memorial Chapel.\\nImmediately to the right of the right wall of\\nMemorial Chapel, and about midway between Bass\\nTomb and the end of Grand Scenic Divide, is a\\nmassive structure of rich dark red and brownish\\nrock, dwarfed materially by Bass Tomb, which bears\\nthe name Dox Castle, in honor of Miss Virginia", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0156.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON loi\\nDox, the pioneer lady visitor to the interior of the\\nCanyon at this point.\\nSHghtly to the rear and right of Bass Tomb is\\nanother pyramidal structure, less in size, and with-\\nout the crowning column of that majestic pile. At\\ntimes it is impossible to distinguish it as a structure\\ndistinct and separate from the main wall, but, dur-\\ning a fog, or when the clouds act as reflectors of the\\nsunshine behind it, and yet clothe it in shade, its\\npersonality and individuality are clearly discernible.\\nI have named it Shaler Pyramid. Its summit is\\noval.\\nImmediately between us and Bass Tomb are the\\nTilts, the upthrust of the archaean rocks having\\ntilted the strata backwards towards the north wall.\\nThey are of a dark iron gray shade, varying towards\\nreddish black, and add a more gloomy aspect to the\\nlowest deeps.\\nTo the left and slightly above the Tilts are the\\nCrimson Ridges and the Gray Ridges, both, as\\ntheir respective names imply, being ridges of color\\nshowing out clearly and distinctly above the archccan\\nrocks. At the foot of these ridges a line like a\\nsmall black gash may be seen. This is the Canyon\\nof the Shinumo, down which flows a goodly stream\\nof water, and which is deemed worthy a later chapter\\nin this volume.\\nOne other striking feature presents itself on the\\nopposite wall, and that is a winding, twisting canyon,\\nits outer walls set in the air, its inner walls enclosing\\nwhat, I know not. But so tortuous a canyon\\nimmediately recalls the Constellation of Draco,\\nthe Dragon, so we name it the Canyon of tlie", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0157.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "I02\\nIN AND AROUND\\nDragon. On the nearer of the two walls of this\\ncanyon, at the far-away eastern end, is a butte, which\\nwe name Dragon Castle.\\nImmediately to our right and east of the Grand\\nScenic Divide is Fossil Mountain, a great peak of\\nthe cherty limestone,\\nb e 1 o n o- i n o- to the\\nsouth wall, in which\\nlarge numbers of\\nfossils have been\\nfound. This is glo-\\nriously covered with\\nfair-sized bushy\\njunipers and pinions,\\nand the deep green\\nof the trees and the\\ngray of the stone add\\nadditional charm to\\nthe striking reds\\nlower down.\\nThe curious visitor,\\nwho hovers long, will\\nsee many other fea-\\ntures than those here described. There has been\\nno attempt at elaborateness or completeness of\\ndetail. Merely enough is presented to enable the\\nvisitor to recognize the salient objects.\\nNo careful observer, however, can fail to notice\\nthat here nature has not followed her usual curving\\nlines of beauty. The striking features of this view\\nare not curves and circles, but squares and angles.\\nThe Masonic Temple, Memorial Temple, Temple\\nof the Rising Sun, Bass Tomb, Shaler Pyramid, are\\nall more or less angular.\\nCopyright, 1899, by F. H. Maude.\\nFossil Mouxtaix.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0158.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 103\\nThis portion of the Canyon being ahiiost due east\\nand west, presents also shifting Hghts and shades,\\npeculiar search-light effects, morning and evening,\\nand glories of coloring that are not everywhere\\nobservable.\\n{d) Eastern Outlook from Havasupai Point\\nThis, to my mind, of all the Canyon views from the\\nsouth rim, is the most comprehensive and sublime.\\nAfter carefully going over the rim again from\\nMystic Spring Trail to Hance Camp, I am con-\\nvinced that Havasupai Point is the Sentinel Point\\nreferred to in Harpers Magazine as follows:\\nIt is not easy, where every outlook is sublime, to select\\na single point upon the canyon s brink of which you can\\nsay, this is, after all, the best. Altogether, it has seemed\\nto me that of all the places which I have visited on either\\nside of the river the one which is most impressive is a long\\nhigh spur, forest-clad at the base and bare at the end, on\\nthe south side, about forty miles below Hance Camp.\\nThis looms far out over the deeps between two mighty\\ngulfs, and commands a stretch of many miles of the broad-\\nest and profoundest sections of the Grand Canyon.\\nT. Mitchell Prudden.\\nRecent correspondence with Dr. Prudden con-\\nfirms this location as Havasupai Point. It is the\\npoint long ago chosen by Mr. Bass, and that, for\\nyears, I have advocated as the one affording the\\ngrandest of all canyon outlooks, and it is gratifying\\nto have so observant and educated a western traveller\\nas Dr. Prudden independently confirm the results\\nof our observations.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0159.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "I04 IN AND AROUND\\nIt is the only point on the south wall of the\\nCanyon from Navaho Point on the east, to the Great\\nBend beyond Cardenas Aisle, sixty-five miles west,\\nthat protrudes far enough into the heart of the\\nCanyon to afford practically a perfect and complete\\nCotynght, JS J9, by F. H. Maude.\\nDarwin Wall Evolution Amphitheatre.\\nview of both walls of the Canyon at the same time.\\nIt is but little farther from the end of Havasupai\\nPoint to the wall on the north side of the river just\\nwest of Point Sublime, than it is to the extreme\\ncurve of Evolution Amphitheatre on the south wall.\\nHence the same conditions exist here on the south\\nside and even in more marked degree that led\\nCaptain Dutton to choose Point Sublime as his\\nchief vantage ground on the north side.\\nThe vast amphitheatre to the right of Hava-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0160.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 105\\nsupai Point, on tlie south wall, and of which that\\npoint is the western cusp, has been named Evolu-\\ntion Amphitheatre. There are four distinct walls,\\ndescending in steps on the sides of this amphi-\\ntheatre, and these have been named in order from\\nthe top, the limestone, Darwin Wall; the\\ncross-bedded sandstone, Huxley Wall; the steps of\\nthe red sandstone, Tyndall Wall; and the red lime-\\nstone or marble, Spencer Wall.\\nIn an angle of Evolution Amphitheatre is the\\nCorner of Standing Rocks. Here erosion is at\\nwork, gnawing away the connecting links which\\nbind huge pillars to the upper limestone wall, and,\\nlittle by little, the process of disintegration goes on,\\nso that by and by more stupendous masses will\\nfall, to be shattered into dust, mashed into small\\npieces, or even continue to roll in large boulders\\ndown to the very river itself, which in flood time\\nwill whirl them along to make dangerous twisting\\nwaves and fountains in which men unlucky enough\\nto be on the river at the time may lose their\\nlives. Here may be seen columns, pyramids, peaks,\\nand fantastic pillars; wonderful evidences of the\\nnever-ceasins^ iconoclasm of Nature.\\nReaching out from the centre of Evolution\\nAmphitheatre is a great plateau somewhat similar\\nto the Grand Scenic Divide. It is of the red wall\\nlimestone, crowned with over half a thousand feet of\\nred sandstone, and this I name Drummond Plateau.\\nThe wall of the red limestone is called Fiske Wall,\\nin honor of the able scientist, who has done so much\\nto make known the work of Spencer, Darwin,\\nHuxley, and Tyndall in this country.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0161.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "io6 IN AND AROUND\\nTo turn now to the great scene before us. Its\\nexpansiveness is one of the greatest of its advan-\\ntages. A narrow canyon, with deep, precipitous\\nwalls, could never be seen so as to produce any\\nother than the effect of profound depth and gloom,\\nno matter what the coloring of the walls or the\\npurity of the atmosphere. There must be a cor-\\nresponding ratio between magnitude and distance,\\nand here, as nowhere else in my knowledge, are these\\nfactors so perfectly proportioned.\\nThe length of canyon revealed clearly and in\\ndetail from Havasupai Point is fully forty-five miles\\neastward and over twenty-five miles to the west.\\nOf the latter view I shall say nothing here. The\\neastern view claims our entire attention.\\nAcross the Canyon, slightly to the north of east,\\nis Point Sublime, the point from which Captain\\nDutton wrote his inimitable descriptions. There\\nis nothing to distinguish it from other points on\\nthe opposite wall, except that it is well protruded\\ntowards the interior of the Canyon, and affords that\\ncomprehensive sweep of view in both directions\\nthat is the essential characteristic of a favorable look-\\nout point. Beyond it, to the east, is a detached mass\\nof the Kaibab wall, that bold and striking portion\\nwhich appears behind Vishnu Teniple when the\\nvisitor looks across the Canyon from Ute Moran\\nor Comanche (Bissell) Points, and which was\\nnamed Newberry Terrace, after the distinguished\\ngeologist of the Ives Expedition.\\nThe horizon line before us is bounded by the last\\ngreat promontory, Navaho Point, beyond Ute and\\nComanche, which, with the detached Kaibab mass", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0162.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 107\\nlast referred to, shuts out the wall of the Little Colo-\\nrado River, seen from these two latter points.\\nSweeping away to the south the level wall of the\\nCanyon is broken by a forest-clad rise, which acts as\\na dividing line for the waters that flow into the\\nbasin of Havasu Creek and Canyon and those of\\nthe Kohonino (Coconino) Basin. Then those ma-\\njestic volcanic piles come into view, softened and\\nmellowed by the far-away distance, and in order\\nlead the eye around until the close-by wall of the\\npoint on which we stand occupies all our gaze\\nfirst is the San Francisco Mountains, then Ken-\\ndricks, followed by Sitgreaves and Williams, while\\nRed Butte stands in the foreground exactly midway\\nbetween the two first-named piles.\\nTaking the greatest width of the space under our\\nimmediate view, the distance from the inner curve\\nof the amphitheatre beyond Point Sublime on the\\nnorth wall to that of Evolution Amphitheatre on\\nthe south wall cannot be less than twenty miles, and\\nthe distant wall in the east is fully forty miles away.\\nThis vast space is thronged with a great multitude of\\nobjects so vast in size, so bold and majestic in form, so\\ninfinite in their details, that as the truth gradually reveals\\nitself to the perceptions it arouses the strongest emotions.\\nUnquestionably the overruling feature is the colossal wall\\non the opposite side of the gulf. Can mortal fancy create\\na picture of a miu al front a mile in height, so planned as\\nto create a vast amphitheatre, twenty miles wide at the\\narms and forty miles from the centre of a line attaching\\nthese arms to the curve of the half circle? As the mind\\nstrives to realize its proportions, its spirit is hroken and its\\nimagination completely crushed. If the wall were simple\\nin its character, if it were only blank and sheer, some rest", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0163.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "io8 IN AND AROUND\\nmight be found in contemplating it, but it is full of di-\\nversity and eloquent with grand suggestions. It is deeply\\nrecessed by alcoves and amphitheatres receding far into the\\nplateau beyond, and usually disclosing only the portals by\\nwhich they open into the main chasm. Between them the\\npromontories jut out, ending in magnificent gables with\\nsharp mitred angles. Thus the wall rambles in and out,\\nturning numberless corners. Many of the angles are acute\\nand descend as sharp spurs, like the forward edge of\\na ploughshare. Only those alcoves which are directly\\nopposite to us can be seen in their full length and depth.\\nYet so excessive, nay so prodigious, is the effect of fore-\\nshortening, that it is impossible to realize their full\\nextensions.\\nAt many points the profile of the facade is thrown\\ninto view by the change of trend, and its complex char-\\nacter is fully revealed. It is a series of many ledges and\\nslopes, like a moulded plinth, in which every stratum\\nis disclosed as a line or a course of masonry. The red\\nwall limestone is the most conspicuous member, present-\\ning its vertical face eight hundred to a thousand feet high,\\nand everywhere unbroken. The thinner beds more often\\nappear in the slopes as a succession of ledges projecting\\nthrough the scanty talus, which never conceals them.\\nNumerous detached masses are also seen flanking the\\nends of the long promontories. These buttes are of gigantic\\nproportions, and yet so overwhelming is the effect of the\\nwall against which they are projected that they seem\\ninsignificant in mass, and the observer is often deluded by\\nthem, failing to perceive that they are really detached\\nfrom the wall and perhaps separated from it by an inter-\\nval of a mile or two.\\nAt the foot of this palisade is a platform through\\nwhich meanders the Inner Gorge, in whose dark and sombre\\ndepths flows the river. In six places can the water surface\\nbe seen. In its windings, the abyss which holds it extends\\nfor a short distance towards us, and the line of vision", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0164.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n109\\nenters the gorge lengthwise. Above and below this short\\nreach the gorge swings its course in other directions, and\\nreveals only a dark, narrow opening, while its nearer wall\\nhides its depth. This inner chasm is one thousand to\\ntwelve hundred feet deep. Its upper two hundred feet is\\na vertical ledge of sandstone of a dark rich brownish\\ncolor. Beneath it lies the gran-\\nite of a dark iron-gray shade,\\nverging towards black, and lend-\\ning a gloomy aspect to the\\nlowest deeps. In one place per-\\nhaps a half a mile of the river is\\ndisclosed. A pale, dirty red,\\nwithout glimmer or sheen, a\\nmotionless surface, a small fea-\\ntureless spot, enclosed in the\\ndark shade of the granite, is all\\nof it that is here visible. Yet\\nwe know it is a large river, a\\nhundred and fifty yards wide,\\nwith a headlong torrent foam-\\ning and plunging over rocky\\nrapids. C. A. DuTTON.\\nCopyright by F. H. Maude.\\nThor Hammer.\\nA little, and only a little,\\nless impressive than the\\nsrreat wall almost surround-\\ninsf us are the buttes which dot the inner surfaces\\nof the Canyon in every direction the eye chances to\\nAnd such buttes All others in the West, saving only\\nthe peerless Temples of the Virgen, are mere trifles in\\ncomparison with those of the Grand Canyon. In nobility\\nof form, beauty of decoration, and splendor of color, the\\nTemples of the Virgen must, on the whole, be awarded\\nthe palm but those of the Grand Canyon, while barely\\ninferior to them in those respects, surpass them in magni-", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0165.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "no IN AND AROUND\\ntude and fully equal them in majesty. But while the\\nValley of the Virgen presents a few of these superlative\\ncreations, the Grand Canyon presents them by dozens.\\nIn this relation the comparison would be analogous to one\\nbetween a fine cathedral town and a metropolis like\\nLondon or Paris. In truth, there is only a very limited\\nground of comparison between the two localities, for in\\nstyle and effects their respective structures differ as de-\\ncidedly as the works of any two well-developed and\\nstrongly contrasted styles of human architecture. C. A.\\nButton.\\nThe point in the centre of the great scene before\\nus I have named Hopi Point. It is the one reached\\nfrom near the head of the Briorht Anoel Trail.\\nAlmost midway between Shiva Temple and Hopi\\nPoint is a gigantic red sandstone butte, one of the\\nmost striking objects of the Canyon, and this I\\nname Walcott Butte, in honor of the distinguished\\no-eoloQ[ist who now directs the United States Geo-\\nlogical Survey.\\nA few miles beyond Drummond Plateau, on the\\nsouth side of the Canyon, is a stupendous structure\\nmainly composed of the red wall limestone, and\\nlooking something like acouchant lion, whose head,\\nunfortunately, is missing. Our British cousins will\\nnot take it amiss, I hope, if I name this impressive\\nand majestic pile Geikie Monument, in honor of\\nthe well-known British geologist.\\nTo the right, in the granite of the Inner Gorge\\nimmediately below us, one cannot fail to notice the\\nirregular seams and scratchings of white the\\nquartz which has filtered in and filled up the deep\\nscars and fissures of the ancient rock s face, and\\nare now revealed as irregular ledges of white, which", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0166.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 1 1 i\\ncross and criss-cross the black and rusty brown\\nof the granites.\\n(e) Western Outlook from Wallapai Point\\nA few hundred feet west of Bass Camp is the\\neastern cusp of one of the many small amphitheatres\\nfound in the upper wall of the Canyon on both\\nsides. From this cusp which has been named\\nChemehuevi Point, the last of the three great views\\nof this re2:ion is obtained. But if one will take the\\ntrouble to go to Wallapai Point some two or three\\nmiles farther west, this view is marvellously ex-\\npanded in that it reveals an unusually vast, retreat-\\ning amphitheatre in the south wall, possibly as far\\nfrom eastern cusp to western cusp as the distance\\nis to the farthest point on the north wall of the\\nCanyon, viz., sixteen or seventeen miles. The eastern\\ncusp is Wallapai Point, the western Apache Point.\\nThe name Apache Point was given, not only in\\naccordance with the general system followed in\\nnaming the points on the south wall, but also be-\\ncause it is singularly and tragically connected with\\nthe Apaches and Havasupais. These two tribes\\nhave long waged a relentless war one upon the\\nother, though generally the Apaches have been\\nthe aggressors, and the, Havasupais on the defen-\\nsive. But, whenever the hated Apaches entered\\nHavasu Canyon on their depredatory or murdering\\nexcursions, and happened to be caught by those\\nwhom they came to slay or plunder, no mercy was\\nshown to them. They were put to the torture and\\nslain cruelly, and one method of killing them was", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0167.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "112 IN AND AROUND\\nto bring them out to Apache Point, where there is\\na frightful precipice, and there, one man holding\\nthe prisoner by the hair and the other by his feet,\\ncalling upon all the evil powers that are supposed\\nto lurk in and about Chic-a-mi-mi Hack-a-tai-a (the\\nGrand Canyon), the unhappy wretch was swung to\\nand fro over that awful precipice until he showed\\ncertain signs of fear. Then, with a wild yell of\\ntriumph, giving him a fierce swing outward, both\\ncaptors loosed their hold on the wretched Apache,\\nand he dropped a thousand or more feet, to be\\nmashed to a jelly on the rugged rocks beneath.\\nA terrible way of punishing their hated and\\ndreaded foes, and yet, the only way to inspire with\\nwholesome fear such a tribe as the Apaches.\\nThe scene from Wallapai Point, which is the\\nmotive for the name given to the Grand Scenic\\nDivide, is, indeed, of so marked a difference from\\nthe view presented on the east of the Grand Scenic\\nDivide that Mr. Bass is congratulated afresh upon\\nthe keenness of his discernment and the fortuitous-\\nness of his discovery of so choice a scenic region.\\nIn the geological maps of the Grand Canyon it will\\nbe noticed that the archaean rocks appear imme-\\ndiately west of the Red Canyon Trail. They con-\\ntinue to a point just below the Mystic Spring Trail,\\nand then disappear for a number of miles, to re-\\nappear once again for a short distance before their\\nfinal disappearance from the bed of the Colorado\\nRiver. Here before us is the point of their first\\ndisappearance. To our right and rear are the\\nthree plateaux before described, with Hue-tha-wa-li,\\nDutton Point, and many other important features.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0168.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n1 1\\nbut before us the distinguishing characteristics of\\nthe Canyon are distinctly new. They are Grand\\nCanyon certainly. Nothing so grand and stupen-\\ndous in proportion or striking and bizarre in coloring\\ncould be found elsewhere, but it is a different Grand\\nCanyon from that viewed from Havasupai Point.\\nCvpyni;ht bv I H. Maude.\\nThe Author and his Burro.\\nLooking due west from this point, the one dis-\\ntinctive feature is the aisles deep, vast, mysteri-\\nous, and gloomy in the marble, somewhere in\\nthe depths of which the river runs. The attention\\nis not arrested to bold promontories, overpow^ering\\nmural fronts, striking architectural forms. These\\nare not entirely wanting, but they are subordinate\\nto these massive aisles of a church whose foundations\\nare in the centre of the earth, whose builder, maker,", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0169.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "114 IN AND AROUND\\nand only minister is God, and wherein the music\\nis ever stately, solemn, majestic, pealing, made\\nby the deep roar of the river below.\\nThe river makes a great south bend here, sweep-\\ning around the nose of Mystic Spring Plateau and\\nrevealing a twenty-five hundred feet deep red\\nmarble and gray sandstone waH which reaches nearly\\nto the river. This wall crosses the Canyon to\\nwithin a mile or two of a line drawn from Wallapai\\nPoint, and were this wall and Havasupai Point\\nclose together and parallel, the wall would fully\\noverlap the point a mile to the south. Around the\\nsouthern point of this wall, on the summit of\\nwhich is an inner plateau named Coronado Plateau,\\nin honor of the great explorer, the Colorado\\nRiver flows, strikes due west again for three or four\\nmiles, detours immediately to the north for about\\nhalf the distance of its first curve, and then pi oceeds\\nwestward in the depths of another profound red\\nmarble aisle. To this first wall I venture to attach\\nthe name of Cabeza de Vaca, the Wall of Vaca\\nin memory of the great Spanish traveller whose\\nreports of what he had seen and heai^d on his trans-\\ncontinental journey led to the discovery of Arizona\\nand New Mexico three hundred and fifty years ago.\\nThe first bend receives the name of Alarcon,\\nAlarcon Bend, the second of Tobar, and the third\\nof Stephen, the negro who discovered, with Marcos\\nde Niza, the bold Franciscan friar, the region now\\ncalled Arizona.\\nAt the second bend of the river, where it turns\\nto flow northward, is a seemingly detached marble\\nmass, on the summit of which a sleeping figure", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0170.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 115\\nis to be observed, like those armored knights\\nof mediaeval times seen in European churches and\\ncathedrals. And, as no marble monument has ever\\nbeen erected, as far as known, either in Spain, Mex-\\nico, or Arizona, to the brave Christian friar who\\nfirst set foot within the borders of the last named\\ncountry, I call this in his honor, Marcos Monument.\\nThe crreat west aisle is termed the Aisle of Carde-\\nO\\nnas, from the fact that Cardenas, marching from the\\nland of the Hopi, was the first European that ever\\ngazed into the profound depths of the great Col-\\norado River gorge.\\nWhen the light and shadows are propitious, one\\ncan see clearly the great curve the river makes be-\\nyond the Aisle of Cardenas, finally aiming almost\\ndue north, where it penetrates to the rear of Powell\\nPlateau, behind Ives Point, for about thirty miles,\\nere it turns back to the southwest, where it is joined\\nby the waters of Havasu (Cataract) Canyon.\\nFrom a point on the south wall where this last\\nnamed curve takes place a glorious and extended\\nview may be had. The Kanab Wash and Canyon\\nand the Hurricane Fault are clearly to be seen.\\nIt is in the early morning that this portion of the\\nCanyon can be seen to best advantage. Then all\\nits details are revealed, and its glories are not ob-\\nscured by a too glaring sun. Its flaming red is\\nharmonious and effective, its deep-cut aisles im-\\npressive, and the far away blue, irregular outlines of\\nthe Uinkaret Mountains, rising in the distance a\\nlittle above the Canyon walls, give a completing\\ntouch to a faultless and unique picture.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0171.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "ii6\\nIN AND AROUND\\nPillars of Erosion\\nNo chapter devoted to the rim of the Canyon\\nwould be complete that failed to call particular\\nattention to the many Pillars of Erosion which may\\nbe found all along from Lee s Ferry to Peach\\n-Springs. Only a few\\nof the most important\\nof these can be men-\\ntioned and pictured\\nhere.\\nNone of all the\\nn a t u re sc u 1 p t u r ed\\npillars surpasses the\\nShinumo Altar, found\\non the southern brink\\nof the Marble Canyon\\nabout midway be-\\ntween Lee s Ferry\\nand the mouth of the\\nLittle Colorado. It\\nis of a rich red Per-\\nmian sandstone, and\\nthe ascending steps\\nof the strata easily lead one to the thought that\\nit was constructed to be climbed, and that on its\\nsummit a secret altar may be found.\\nAt Ute (Moran) Point is a round tower of cherty\\nlimestone detached from the main wall, which is a\\ngrand specimen of nature s erosive work.\\nAn even more striking example is the Split Cliff\\nnear Comanche (Bissell) Point. Here it seems as\\nif a vast mass of the upper strata had split off\\n/Z.\\nShinumo Altar Marble\\nCanyon.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0172.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n117\\nfrom the main wall, and was slightly tilted towards\\nthe river.\\nFive miles west of Paiuti (Grand View) Point are\\ntwo of the most striking and individualistic speci-\\nmens of erosion with which I am familiar. These\\npillars stand, one on\\neach side of a great\\namphitheatre, like\\nguardian giants, to pro-\\ntect the recess from\\nintrusion. One of them\\nis shaped like a hammer,\\nand is large enough to\\nbe the weapon of a god,\\nso I have named it Thor\\nHammer. The other is\\na little less striking,\\nand is named Pompey\\nPillar.\\nIn one portion of\\nEvolution Amphi-\\ntheatre, where the\\nwagon road from Bass\\nCamp to Havasupai Point first touches it, are a\\nnumber of these pillars of erosion. This is a\\nveritable Land of Standing Rocks, and will afford\\ngreat pleasure to those who care to examine it\\nclosely.\\nLooking across from Surprise Outlook to Dutton\\nPoint, the canyon behind it will be observed. This\\nis Muav Canyon, and on its banks, on the north\\nside of Powell Plateau, a number of pinnacles\\nappear.\\nCopyright by F. H Maude\\nPompey Pillar.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0173.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "ii8 IN AND AROUND\\nIn Kanab Canyon, farther west, numbers of them\\noccur, as well, indeed, as at any and every point,\\nalmost, where one may touch.\\nVarious Impressions\\nVarious trains of thouglvt present themselves\\nas one rides along the rim and looks into these\\nprofound depths.\\nThere will be few, 2/ any, more trails built into\\nthis portion of the Grand Canyon. The easier en-\\ngineering portions already have been utilized, and\\nthe expense and danger of undertaking trail-build-\\ning operations on the sheer precipitous walls al-\\nmost preclude the possibility of its being further\\nattempted.\\nThe water problem is a difficult one. If the\\npower of the river were utilized to drive the neces-\\nsary pumps for forcing water from the Inner Gorge\\nto the rim, an inexhaustible supply would be the\\nresult, and this, undoubtedly, will some day be\\ndone. But some day, may be for years, or it\\nmay be half a century; and in the mean time the\\nwater problem must be more readily solved. The\\nwater used at the Grand View Hotel is hauled a\\ndistance of thirty-eight miles. There is practically\\nno water on the rim. As Mr. Bass years ago\\npointed out, the maps of the Geological Survey do\\nnot indicate the facts or, if they do, the tyro at\\nmap-reading does not realize it that, with the\\nexceptions of the Little Colorado River, Havasu\\n(Cataract) Creek, and Diamond Creek, the whole\\nWatershed of the south wall of the Canyon slopes", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0174.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n119\\naway from the Canyon instead of towards it. Hence\\nthe singular and almost abnormal phenomenon of a\\nriver draining a country with the water which falls\\non each side of its banks flowing azvay from it in-\\nstead of into it. To the prospector or unacquainted\\nCopyright by George Vvhartofi James.\\nVishnu Temple from Upper Plateau, Grand View\\nTrail.\\ntraveller in the district this strange state of affairs\\noften brings danger, and even a near approach to\\ndeath throus^h thirst; and to those who have the\\nresponsibility before them of supplying the needs\\nof thousands of tourists each year who are accus-\\ntomed to an unrestricted use of water, the problem\\nis both vexatious and expensive.\\nPersonally, I see no other immediate way out of", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0175.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "I20 IN AND AROUND\\nthe difficulty than that which Mr. Bass s indefati-\\ngability and indomitable energy have hewn out for\\nhim at the head of the Mystic Spring Trail. With-\\nout waiting for the opinion of scientific experts and\\nengineers, or for capital to pump water up from\\nthe river, he has taken drill and hammer, brain and\\nmuscle, and by an ingenious combination of them\\nall, assisted by powder and dynamite, and, later, by\\ncement, has blasted out and made water-tight vast\\nrock cisterns, which store the rain-water, storm-\\nflows, and melted snow, cool, pure, and delicious, all\\nthrouQ^h the heated months, when water is the most\\nprecious and desirable thing in that part of Arizona\\nand more valuable than a gold mine or a United\\nStates Senatorship.\\nBut the lack of water is only one of the difficul-\\nties a prospector will have to contend with. When\\nhe strikes the canyons, the fewness of the trails, and\\nthe difficulty of reaching the rock formations in\\nwhich mineral may be found, will constantly hamper\\nhis progress. And, if he desires to cross the river,\\nhis dangers are increased tenfold. I know it is a\\ncommon thing for ordinary people, not acquainted\\nwith the power of running water, and even for\\npeople born on sea, or river-shore, to say there\\nare no difficulties in crossing or navigating the\\nColorado River in the heart of the Canyon. I have\\nheard a Minnesota log-driver boast that he could\\nride a log down the most dangerous of the rapids\\nor falls of the Canyon, and I have heard, a few\\nmonths later, the humble story of the same re-\\ndoubtable log-driver as he recounted how that, in\\ncrossing in a boat and with good oars, a great up-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0176.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 121\\nwave struck under his boat, without the slightest\\nwarning, overturned it, and dashed him into the\\nrapids, from which he was glad to escape with his\\nlife. He now confesses a profound respect and\\nwholesome fear of the river, and says\\nAn expert boatman may do all he thinks or says he\\ncan, but I know that if he does it is good luck and not skill.\\nHe may brag about it, and under the same circumstances\\ntry to do it again, and before he knows where he is, he and\\nhis boat and his bragging are all knocked endwise and\\ncrosswise, and upsidedown, and if he gets out at all he\\nis Hke a half-drowned puppy who can neither bark nor\\nwhimper. No, sir, don t tell me of what a man can do and\\ncan t do. I Ve crossed that d d river too often not to\\nknow that every time I do it I take my life in my hands,\\nand one whack of the old river s tail may knock it out of\\nmy reach.\\nWhen I asked him the cause of these up and\\ndown turning waves, which, in the chapter in which\\nFrank Brown s death is narrated, are called foun-\\ntains, he propounded the following theory\\nWhen the river is low you are not in as much danger\\nfrom these waves as when it is high for when the water\\nis low immense boulders find lodgment in the bed of the\\nstream and remain there. But when the flow increases in\\npower and speed these immense boulders, weighing, per-\\nhaps, a score or more of tons, are rolled over and over\\ndown the river with a force and speed that are irresistible.\\nNow and again, they will run up against snags,\\nlesser boulders in their way, that are wedged tight, or\\nsomething of that kind, and the water dashing along\\nbehind them at full speed is suddenly stopped or slack-\\nened under the surface, and a great up-wave is the result\\nthat turns on both sides of the boulder, or may twist", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0177.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "122 IN AND AROUND\\nupwards or downwards, or outwards or inwards, inside out-\\nwards or outside inwards, or upside downwards or down-\\nside upwards, or endside foremost or foreside endmost, or\\nany or all of these all at once, or in quick succession, so\\nthat, if your boat happens to be just about that locality\\nyou may well ask, Where am I at\\n1 confessed I should n t know, and he hoped I\\nnever might be where I should find out, in which\\ngood-hearted wish I sincerely joined.\\nOld Dad has had several experiences which\\nconfirmed what had already been told me, and Mr.\\nBass s caution not to monkey with the river fell\\nupon prepared soil. Then, too, a tragic event\\nwhich occurred at the foot of the Bright Angel\\nTrail, where two men, in essaying to cross the\\nriver in a canvas boat, were overturned and one\\nof them in a few moments was carried out of sight,\\nnever to be seen again and the death of Brown\\nand his companions, recorded in Chapter IV., and\\nthe what might have proven equally tragic\\nexperiences of Lieutenant Potter, recorded in the\\nPeach Springs Trail chapter, all lead me to the\\npossession of a respect for the dangerous power\\nof the river, not unmixed with wholesome and re-\\nstraining fear.\\nAbout a mile away from Havasupai Point are\\nthe remains of what was once undoubtedly a cir-\\ncular lookout point, built of stone. It is three\\nhundred feet in diameter, and commands a more\\nextensive view than any other point on the south\\nside of the Canyon for miles around. The higher\\nwalls of the north side of the Canyon, and every\\nprominent landmark east, west, and south, includ-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0178.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n123\\ning Navaho Mountain, two hundred miles away\\nto the northeast, and Mount Trumbull on the\\nnorthwest, and the ranges of California in the west,\\nand, close by, the walls of Havasu Canyon, are\\nclearly seen. Numbers of pieces of pottery of the\\nAXCIENT llAVASUPAI LOOKOUT HeAD OF MySTIC SI KING\\nTrail.\\ncorrugated and other ancient types, arrow-heads,\\nflints, etc., are found on the mound in great pro-\\nfusion. This is but one of many indications of the\\noccupancy of this region by Indians.\\nAt the head of the Mystic Spring Trail are the\\nruins of a prehistoric house, of which the Havasu-\\npais know nothing. It was there long before their\\nimmediate ancestors were born, and how old it is\\nthey have no tradition. They state, however, that\\nit was used as a watch-tower, where guards were", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0179.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "124 iN AND AROUND\\nstationed when others of the tribe were at work at\\nthe mescal pits on Le Conte Plateau. If enemies\\ncame upon them they descended the trail, gave the\\nwarning, and, owing to the multiplicity of hiding\\nspots in the heart of the Canyon, invariably de-\\nfeated the aims of their foes.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0180.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 125\\nCHAPTER XI\\nTHE GRAND VIEW TRAIL\\nTHERE were three trails reached by the stage\\nwhich used to run from Flagstaff, viz., the\\nOld, the Red Canyon, and the Grand View Trails.\\nIn the Granite at the Foot of Grand View Trail.\\nThese, in the order named, were the trails to\\nwhich tourists were taken during the days of the\\nFlao staff staore. The Old Trail was washed out in\\na storm some years ago, hence became practically", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0181.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "126 IN AND AROUND\\ninaccessible. Then, after disappointing the more\\nintellicjent and educated of the tourists for some\\nyears by taking them down a trail which did not\\nreach the archaean rocks, and which, like the Old\\nTrail, was boxed in almost the entire distance\\nfrom the rim to the river, the Red Canyon Trail\\nwas abandoned by the railway officials and their\\ntourists taken to the Grand View Trail A later\\nchapter is devoted to these two trails.\\nViewed from every possible standpoint, this\\nchange was advantageous to the student, the geolo-\\ngist, and the sight-seer. The rim views are\\nequally good, if not superior, to those at the head of\\nthe Old and Red Canyon Trails, and a short day s\\nride will include them if it is so desired. The Grand\\nView Trail is better engineered and constructed, and\\none may ride from rim to river nearly all the way,\\nwith the additional and really important advantage\\nthat the sight-seer descends to a large plateau, when\\nabout two thousand feet below the rim, and to still\\nanother, one thousand feet lower, from both of which\\nplateaux extended and comprehensive views can be\\nobtained in every direction from the interior of the\\nCanyon, a desideratum rendered impossible by the\\nclosed in character of the Canyon at the two\\naforementioned trails.\\nAgain, the Grand View Trail reaches the river\\nwhere it has cut through the granite to a great\\ndepth, thus giving a complete opportunity to know\\nthe character of the Inner Gorge, the name\\ngiven by the geologists to the inner granite canyon\\nthrough which the river runs, and which is the chief\\ndistinguishing feature oi the Grand Canyon. It is", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0182.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "Q\\no\\no\\nQ\\nO\\nO\\no\\n(-1", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0183.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0184.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 127\\nthe presence of the granite that mainly differentiates\\nMarble, or Glen, or Desolation, or any of the upper\\ncanyons, from that supreme division of the way of\\nthe Colorado River known as the Grand Canyon.\\nOne other marked feature of the Grand View Trail\\nis the recent discovery of an interesting series of\\ncaves, which I had the pleasure of exploring in\\ncompany with Mr. P. D. Berry, one of the owners\\nof the trail. They were discovered in 1897, by\\nJoseph Gildner, a cook employed in the mining\\ncamp of Messrs. Cameron and Berry.\\nIt was late one afternoon when we entered the\\nmouth of the first cave. Well within the entrance\\nis a peculiar stalagmite of dendritic appearance\\nwhich I desired to photograph. Having no flash\\npowder, I cut up all the candles that could be spared\\ninto pieces long enough to burn for an hour or more,\\nand in the light of twenty-seven of these burning\\ncandles left the sensitive plate exposed, while Mr.\\nBerry guided me into farther recesses. This first\\ncave is some three hundred feet long, and varying\\nin height from ten to eighty or ninety feet. The\\nsecond cave is of about the same length, but much\\nhigher, and the stalactites larger and more diver-\\nsified in shape.\\nA peculiar feature of these caves that has much\\npuzzled the local minds is that, while most of the\\nformations are white, the cave itself is in the red\\nlimestone or marble. This is merely another dem-\\nonstration that the red marble wall of the Canyon is\\nnot of this color naturally, but is dyed red by the\\ninfiltration or flowing over of storm and rain water,\\nsaturated with the powerful oxydization from the", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0185.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "121\\nIN AND AROUND\\nred sandstone above. All careful observers must\\nhave noted that wherever the outer dyed wall has\\nbeen eroded, the color of the so-called red limestone\\nis brown, or gray, or white, as the case may be, but\\nnever red. I conclude, then, that the original rock\\nCopyright hy George IVharioti James.\\nDendritic Formation in Caves Grand View Trail.\\nof which the formations of the cave were made was\\nwhite, and their preservation in this virgin state is\\nowing to the sealing up of any water channels from\\nthe red strata above.\\nReturning now to the entrance after some hours\\nof absence, I placed the slide in my camera, and am\\npleased herewith to present my readers with the\\nfirst and only photograph I have ever seen made\\nby candle-light alone.\\nAs we stepped outside the entrance the darkness\\nof Pluto greeted us. While we had been engaged", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0186.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 129\\nwithin, clay had changed into night. There was\\nno trail constructed at that early date in the dis-\\ncovery of the cave, and the knowledge of the diffi-\\nculties of the upward climb we had made, in the\\nfull light of day, did not steady our nerves for the\\ndescent. But Mr. Berry is a man of expedients.\\nIn a few moments he had fired a withered cactus,\\nand with the lis^ht of this torch we clambered on\\nhands and knees, slipped or slid, stumbled or fell,\\ndown to the bed of Clear Creek Canyon, a thousand\\nfeet below, from which we soon reached camp.\\nA well-built trail, however, now leads to the\\nmouth of the caves, and he is wise who, desirous of\\nseeing the peculiar processes of nature s internal\\nworkings, spends the short time necessary to go as\\nfar into these caves as his guide will conduct him.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0187.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "MO IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XII\\nTHE BRIGHT ANGEL TRAIL\\nTHIS is the trail directly reached by the Santa\\nFe Grand Canyon Railway, and therefore\\nthe most accessible. Consequently it will soon be\\nthe one best known. It is located some twelve\\nmiles west of the Grand View Trail. It receives\\nits name from the beautiful Bright Angel Creek,\\nwhich empties into the Colorado River on the\\nnorth side of the Canyon almost opposite to the\\nspot where the trail reaches the river.\\nThis as were all the trails from the Little Colo-\\nrado River to Havasu (Cataract) Canyon was\\nused first long ages ago by the Havasupai Indians,\\nand, in the heart of the side canyon down which\\nthe trail s^oes, are still to be seen the rude irrigratins:\\ncanals which conveyed the large volume of water that\\nflows from a near-by spring to the so-called Indian\\nGarden, the richness of whose verdure is one of the\\ngreat attractions to the tourist who gazes down from\\nthe rim.\\nRecently a new upper section of trail, well engi-\\nneered and of easy grade, was constructed from the\\nBright Angel Hotel for over a mile.\\nLeaving the hotel, the trail drops westward for\\nthree-quarters of a mile, zigzagging back and forth\\nuntil the top of the cross-bedded sandstone is", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0188.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\nI ^i\\n3\\nreached. Here, even the non-geological observer\\ncan see the faulting of the rocks, which has so\\nbroken and shattered the strata as to make a trail\\npossible down these precipitous walls. The sign-\\nboard calls attention to the drop or rise of the\\nCopy ri^ht by F H Maude.\\nBattleship Iowa on Bright Angel Trail.\\nsandstone, for, opposite us, the cap of this stratum\\nis one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet higher\\nthan the same cap upon which we now stand. Mr.\\nP. C. Bicknell, the geological expert of the Anita\\nmines, states that all the copper mines of the region\\nare found on a line almost due south from this fault,\\nand his theory is that the copper was ejected during\\nthe time of the faulting.\\nDown about a mile the line of separation between\\nthe cross-bedded sandstone and upper red sandstone\\nis very clearly shown to the left of the trail.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0189.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "132 IN AND AROUND\\nImmediately before us to the left is a majestic\\npile of the red sandstone, capping the red wall\\nlimestone. This is so much like a battleship that\\nit has been called the Battleship Iowa.\\nA few feet farther and the cross-bedded sandstone\\nmay be seen far below to the right, showing per-\\nfectly the fault before referred to.\\nHere, too, it is well to stand and observe that\\nthe fault extends away down the side gorges across\\nthe river and to the summit of the Kaibab Plateau,\\nmaking the canyon of the Bright Angel Creek\\nhence it has been called the Bright Angel Fault.\\nA fine and comprehensive view also is had of the\\nmarble wall and the Indian Garden, and, far below,\\nat the end of Pluto s Workshop, is to be seen a\\npeculiar folding of the Algonkian strata, and, on\\nthe other side of the river the tilt of the same\\nrocks.\\nIt is a singular fact that no pines are found on or\\nnear the trail, while they abound on the rim, and\\nthat the Douglas spruce of the trail cannot be found\\non the rim.\\nAs soon as the blue lime as the stratum\\nthat crow^ns the red wall limestone is locally\\ntermed is reached, there is an awkward piece of\\ntrail. Steps have been cut, logs placed upon them,\\nand loose material thrown over all to make the\\ndescent easier but it is still a place for the rider to\\ndismount and go ahead, leading his horse. Imagine\\nwhat the descent of this great gorge would have\\nbeen had not the processes of nature kindly broken\\nup these precipitous walls into sloping taluses upon\\nwhich the trails of pygmy man could be cut.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0190.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "by J-. H. niaude.\\nPillars of Erosion on Bright Angel Trail.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0191.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0192.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 133\\nNow we are on the summit of the red wall lime-\\nstone, the most prominent member of all the canyon\\nstrata. It is a thousand feet in thickness, and its\\ninsistent mass is forced upon the attention every-\\nwhere. The face of this wall is carved into numer-\\nous alcoves, and as we near its base, we observe to\\nthe right a vast double-cornered recess which we\\nname Angel Alcove. Here, look up to the rim\\nand observe the peculiar and varied contour of the\\nmany pinnacles cut by wind and storm out of the\\ncherty limestone.\\nFrom this point, also, the first good view is ob-\\ntained of Buddha Temple, the dominating pile to\\nthe left of Bright Angel Creek. Below it is Bud-\\ndha Cloister. Now look carefully at the ridge\\nthat leads the eye from Buddha Temple to Bright\\nAngel Creek. It appears to be a portion of the\\nmain wall of the Kaibab Plateau. In reality it is a\\ndetached ridge, three miles from the plateau wall,\\nand, under proper conditions, a vast temple may be\\nseen between Buddha and the main wall. This I\\nhave named Manu Temple, after the great law-giver\\nof the Hindoos.\\nAt the base of the red wall limestone the trail\\nopens up a little and permits easier breathing to\\nthe tyro on horseback, and from now on to Indian\\nGarden we ride in the Boulder Bed, where large\\nblocks of rock of every conceivable shape lie as\\nthey fell or rolled from the strata above. Small\\nshrubs and plants abound, and tiny lizards and in-\\nquisitive swifts dart to and fro, peering at the intru-\\nder as if to inquire his business there.\\nTo the left of Buddha Temple and slightly nearer", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0193.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "134 IN AND AROUND\\nto us is a massive though less ornately carved\\nmonument than Buddha, which has been named\\nAgassiz Tower, after our own great geologist, to\\ncorrespond with Geikie Tower, named after Eng-\\nland s rock expert, which is farther down the river.\\nIt has a spire at its south end Agassiz Spire.\\nJust above it and farther to the left is a peculiar\\ntemple, its cap composed of two acorn-like struc-\\ntures resting upon their cups carved out of the cross-\\nbedded sandstone. This we name Isis Temple.\\nIt is the eastern supporter of a vast and gigantic\\nrock mountain that towers over all the lesser struc-\\ntures in self-confident majesty- This is what Captain\\nDutton calls Shiva Temple, and thus describes\\nIt is the grandest of all the buttes, and the most majes-\\ntic in aspect, though not the most ornate. Its mass is as\\ngreat as the mountainous part of Mount Washington.\\nThat summit looks down six thousand feet into the dark\\ndepths of the inner abyss, over a succession of ledges as\\nimpracticable as the face of Bunker Hill Monument. All\\naround it are side gorges sunk to a depth nearly as pro-\\nfound as that of the main channel. It stands in the midst\\nof a great throng of cloister-like buttes, with the same no-\\nble profiles and strong lineaments as those immediately\\nbefore us, with a plexus of awful chasms between. In\\nsuch a stupendous scene of wreck it seems as if the fabled\\nDestroyer might find an abode not wholly uncongenial.\\nNow turn the eye away from Shiva across to the\\neast of Briorht Anoel Creek, and there oudined\\nagainst the sky are two of these noble-profiled\\nbuttes. The rear one, and the most dignified and\\nmajestic, is Brahma Temple, named after the first\\nof the Hindoo triad, the Supreme Creator for it", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0194.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 135\\nseemed to me that if Shiva might find abode here\\nin the thought of strata destruction, Brahma might,\\nwith equal congeniaHty, revel in the creation of the\\nnoble, character-full structures made by the destruc-\\ntion of the featureless and uninteresting strata.\\nThe smaller butte an angular mass of solid,\\nunrelieved rock, sloping in a peculiarly oblique\\nfashion is Zoroaster Temple, thus adding to the\\nHindoo pantheon a fane for the founder of the reli-\\nerion of the Irano-Persians.\\nPassing now through Indian Garden, made green\\nand fertile by the flowing of a large spring of water.\\nAngel Plateau is reached. This extends for two\\nmiles to the very edge of the river. As we ride\\nin that direction we note that the stream, called\\nWillow Creek, flows into a boxed-up canyon, nar-\\nrow and boulder-strewn, then through a deep-cut\\nravine in the Cambrian to the Lower Garden. Here\\nNature has prepared for the erection of a dam\\nwhich will convert Willow Creek into a beautiful\\nHanQfins: Lake. A wall of solid schistose rocks\\ndivides the site of the lake from Lethe Creek,\\nwhich flows eight hundred feet below. A dam fifty\\nfeet high will retain water sufficient to create the\\nlake and give water power of untold voltage, for after\\nthe drop of eight hundred feet into Lethe Creek,\\nthere is still another four hundred feet fall before the\\nwaters reach the Colorado River. What a change\\nsuch a lake will create! A body of pure, clear,\\nsparkling water, hanging suspended in mid-air,\\noverlooking a wild chaos of metamorphosed rocks,\\ntwisted, burned, tortured out of all original sem-\\nblance into cruel and black jagged ridges that are", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0195.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "136 IN AND AROUND\\nfiend-like in their eager desire that you should fall\\nupon them to your complete rending. Indeed, here\\nare revealed many of the secrets of world-making.\\nIt is a veritable under-earth workshop, so I have\\nnamed it Pluto Workshop, and the great pyramid,\\nblack and forbidding, at the very edge of the river,\\nis Pluto Pyramid. The creek, that now flows bab-\\nbling along through these once fire-tortured rocks,\\nis Lethe Creek, and the waters, if captured and\\ncooled, are so delicious that they bring oblivion and\\nforgetfulness of the allurements of the upper world\\nto those who drink of them.\\nBut the Hanging Lake does not yet exist. The\\nwaters of Willow Creek flow through a split in the\\nrocks, and make a descent of two hundred or more\\nfeet so gently and quietly, and yet with such a sweet,\\nmournful plaint, that one instinctively recognizes\\nthem as the Whispering Waters.\\nNow, hastening to the end of Angel Plateau to\\nAngel Point, we observe at the end of Yaki Point,\\nto the east, another great battleship in stone, which\\nwe name the Oregon.\\nIn the red wall limestone, below the Oregon, is a\\nprominent and imposing pile, named Langley Butte,\\nafter the accomplished secretary of the Smithsonian\\nInstitution.\\nBelow us, in a sheer descent of twelve hundred\\nfeet, flowing through the black depths of the Inner\\nGorge, is the river, the sullen roar of its rapids\\nstriking our ears and filling our souls with dread.\\nFor it is a cruel river. Yonder waves have washed\\nout from his body the soul of many a poor mortal,\\nand yonder rocks in the rapids have eagerly struck", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0196.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 137\\nthe breath of life out of him, while the loud roar and\\nrage of the waters have drowned his dying cries.\\nRaising our eyes from the river to the stratified\\nrocks above the Inner Gorge, we are attracted by\\nthe rich reds and purples, which, lying under the\\none hundred and eighty feet of the yellowish and\\ngreenish shales of the Cambrian, seem as if they\\nmust be the Algonkians of the Grand Canyon\\nseries. They appear in a series of waves and\\nterraces, so we call the distinctive masses across\\nthe river the Algonkian Terraces. Below us, to\\nthe left, the creamy red streaks of pegmatite and\\nthe yellow seams of iron, and the ridges of schists\\nin the highly metamorphosed rocks of the Inner\\nGorge, arrest our attention. Mr. Bicknell informs\\nme that here also is a streak of garnets which\\nstick into the schistose matrix like plums in a pud-\\nding, some of them as large as a tea-cup.\\nNow, looking farther north and west across the\\nriver, two great terraced temples on this side of\\nShiva present bold fronts to us. The one to the\\nnorth we name Confucius Temple, and the other to\\nthe south, Mencius Temple. Across the river, on\\nthe south side, and almost opposite to them, is a\\nbeautifully shaped mosque, which is the extreme\\nend of Hopi Point. This we name Mahomet\\nTemple.\\nWhat a long sweep of plateau the eye roams over\\nfrom Angel Point And what extensive views are\\npresented in every direction To the extreme east\\nof the Point is a small, detached mass of boulder-\\nstrewn rocks, upon which the visitor should not fail\\nto clamber. Below is the river, east and west, with", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0197.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "138 IN AND AROUND\\nits rapids, sandbars, and quiet stretches. Across,\\nare the Algonkian Terraces, leading the eye to\\nthe depths of Bright Angel Creek, whose pellucid\\nwaters flow through as wild a chaos of metamorphic\\nrocks as we find in Pluto Workshop, which is on\\nthis side of the river, to our right. Look up thither-\\nward, passing on the way Pluto Pyramid and Al-\\ngonkian Twist. Away up, just, below the Indian\\nGarden, the tiny streak of the trail to the river can\\nbe followed, winding under the upper Cambrian\\nwall, on to the schists, past Hanging Lake, and\\nzigzagging down and around Pluto Pyramid to the\\nmuddy waters at its base.\\nIt is an interesting view of a fascinating but\\nrather arduous trip which every visitor should take,\\nfor, when the weariness is forgotten, a delightful and\\nnever exhausted memory is the reward.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0198.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "a\\nH\\noi\\na\\nH\\nto\\nO\\nQi\\nO\\nN\\nO\\nO\\nX\\nJi\\na. o\\nA\\nJ\\nW", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0199.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0200.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n39\\nCHAPTER XIII\\nTWO DAYS HUNT FOR A BOAT IN A SIDE GORGE\\nNEAR THE BRIGHT ANGEL TRAIL\\nWHAT an excruciating, exhilarating, fatiguing,\\nbone-stretching, muscle-straining, nerve-\\nwearing, and feelings-lacerating work is this explor-\\ning the side canyons\\nof the great gorge.\\nI have explored a\\nnumber of them, and\\na description of one\\nis a description of all,\\nwith minor differ-\\nences in detail and\\nvariations of the ad-\\nventures experienced.\\nOn Thursday,\\nAugust 3, 1S98, Dad,\\nJohn, and I started to\\nwalk down the Bright\\nAngel Trail. We\\nwere in quest of a\\nlarge canvas boat\\nthat had been left near the river, and the use of\\nwhich was offered to us if it could be found. The\\ndescription given of its location was down the\\ntrail to the Indian Garden, then work around on\\nthe plateau to the left. Pass one side canyon and\\nDad, John, and W. W. Bass.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0201.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "I40 IN AND AROUND\\ntake the second. There will be no trail, but work\\nyour way down, and when you strike the river\\nyou will find the boat cached up on the rocks\\nunder the lowest sandstone formation. It seemed\\nall right, it looks easy to find that boat now\\non paper. We passed the garden, and came to the\\nfirst canyon. This we left, and trudsfed on throusfh\\nthe blazing sun to the second. For food we had\\nbrought down six biscuits, six- oranges, two cans of\\ntomatoes, and four or five lemons, expecting to re-\\nturn to camp above that same night. As we passed\\nIndian Garden we left half our provisions, and, with\\ncanteens full, pushed along.\\nWhen we came to what seemed to be the second\\ncanyon, we climbed down and around until we came\\nto a sandstone platform rounded off in steep slopes\\nto the edge. Getting a glimpse here and there\\ndown below, we saw a possible fall upon rough,\\nblade-like granite edges, cruelly thrust, like broken\\nribs through the skin of a man, through the bed of\\nthe river. Half an hour s careful search left us\\nsatisfied that there was no possibility of getting\\ndown here, so, climbing back, we sat under the\\nshadow of an overhanging ledge and ate our frugal\\nmeal. Returning to the plateau, we walked some\\ntwo or three miles farther west, and at last came to\\nanother side gorge. This certainly must be the\\ncanyon, so we began our descent. Carefully, cau-\\ntiously, laboriously we lowered ourselves over the\\nsteep and slippery rocks, down, down for several\\nhundred feet, to where we stood on the ragged edge\\nof nowhere, and a direct drop of several hundred\\nfeet before us. Nothino; to do but retrace our", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0202.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n141\\nwearisome steps as best we could, edge around still\\nfarther, and seek in the main gorge of which we\\nnow discovered this was but an arm the descent\\nto the torrent bed, and thence to the river. Half\\nan hour s hard climbinof brougrht us there. It was\\nO Neill Point from Bright Angel Hotel.\\nall climbing little walking literally climbing, over\\nrocks, around rocks, under rocks, surrounded by\\nrocks. We were now in the wash of the summer\\ntorrent bed, full of rocks of all sizes, from a pea\\npebble to boulders larger than the dome of St.\\nPeter s at Rome, St. Paul s in London, and the\\nCapitol at Washington combined. Before and\\naround us were boulders of sandstone, red, gray,\\ngreen, and yellow; of marble, red, green, mottled,\\nand variegated of limestone and, lower down, of\\nschistose, and various colored granites. For a mile.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0203.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "142 IN AND AROUND\\ntwo, three miles we thus climbed, then we came to\\nwhere a boulder, large enough to build a Santa\\nSophia in Constantinople, had fallen into the bed\\nof the stream, and there it stood We peered over\\nits smooth and weather-worn summit, or, at one side,\\nwhere lesser boulders had washed in and helped fill\\nup a vacant place, and saw it was impossible to\\ndescend. To the left a wild, rugged slope of fallen\\nboulders suggested we might get around it and\\ndescend on the other side. Up we went, over a\\nplace where a million tons of marble had fallen from\\nno matter how many feet above, marble in blocks\\nthat would have been the envy of a city contractor\\nand builder, and then, when we began to circle\\naround our blocking boulder, our difficulties and\\ndangers increased. The only way down was on the\\nrough and crumbling edges of a granite dike, whose\\nblack ridges offered us a series of irregular steps\\ndown which a chamois or mountain sheep in a\\nfrenzy of fear might have been tempted to descend.\\nA misstep meant death, for it is impossible to fall\\non solid rocks from a height of two or three hun-\\ndred feet with safety. Slowly, cautiously, we picked\\nour way. Now backwards, now forwards, but al-\\nways descending. Safe at last, we moved on. Then\\ncame our final disappointment We could hear the\\nroar of the river we could see a granite dike whose\\nbase we knew was in the river. We should be there\\nafter a drop of three or four hundred more feet, and\\nwe dashed on joyfully and expectantly. Already\\nwe had our hands on that boat We saw ourselves\\nopening it up, and then carrying it to the river and\\ntesting it, when, suddenly, we stopped! What! no", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0204.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 143\\ndescent Surely There we stood on the top of\\na frightful drop of not less than three hundred feet,\\nsmooth, polished granite the substance, and not a\\nfoothold even for a frog. It was discouraging, and\\nmy comrades lapsing into forgetfulness, ripped out\\nseveral expressive and sulphurous expletives. Sor-\\nrowfully we retraced our steps for half a mile, and\\nthen, after a council, began one of those frightful\\nclimbs that are so consoling when over and suc-\\ncessful, and so depressing and disheartening when\\nfailures. We decided to attempt to climb up a\\nthousand or more feet of granite, cross the knife\\nedge, and see if it was not possible to get down on\\nthe river side. A forlorn hope, certainly! Yet\\nsometimes forlorn hopes are successful. But think\\nof and realize our circumstances All our food\\ngone except one orange and a lemon with three\\nnearly empty canteens night close at hand and,\\nto add to our burdens, vivid lightning and roaring\\nthunders now forced themselves upon our unwilling\\nattention as we began to climb. John led the way,\\nnow to the right, now to the left. Again and\\nagain, as he loosened a large rock, and it started on\\nits headlong bounces to the bottom, his Look\\nout! startled us into looking up, to see him\\nhanging on by the skin of his teeth, a hundred\\nfeet almost directly over us. It was ticklish work\\nnervous work exhausting work but oh what\\nmuscle and nerve developing work what self-reli-\\nance, readiness of perception, quickness of action\\ndeveloping work For an hour we climbed, bom-\\nbarded all the time by heaven s artillery, now and\\nthen stopping for breath and a few moments rest.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0205.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "144\\nIN AND AROUND\\nAt last the top was reached, and what a disappoint-\\nment it was! It was a perfect razor blade! At\\nboth ends, and on the opposite side from that up\\nwhich we had scrambled, it dropped sheer off.\\nAgain we took breath and gained a little heart.\\nCofy right F. H. Maude.\\nTemporary Hotel at the Head of Bright Angel Trail.\\nand, gave up the boat. There was no other\\ncourse left now but to retrace our steps to the\\nbed of the canyon, wend our winding way up\\nits tortuous passage, reclimb the plateau, and seek\\nthe garden, seven or eight miles of muscle-\\nstretching work; no food; growing dark. In an\\nhour we had gone, perhaps, a mile and a half,\\nand now it was too dark to see our way. Dangerous\\nenouQ-h work it was when we could see, but with-\\nout light it was courting disaster, or possibly death.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0206.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 145\\nto attempt it. The rain had soaked us through.\\nWe were all clad about alike. I had on woollen\\nshirt, overalls, socks, and shoes. Not a very\\ninviting prospect for an all-night session in the\\nopen air. We had noticed a clump of mesquite,\\nas we came down, on a bench above. Climbing\\nup to this, we soon had a fire, warmed ourselves,\\ndivided our solitary orange among the three of\\nus, made a thinly sour lemonade with our lonely\\nlemon, then took the little water left in our\\ncanteens, boiled it, steeped a little of the mountain\\nrush in it, and after drinking it, stretched out on\\nthe bare, wet ground in our soaking garments,\\nand were soon sleeping the restful sleep of the\\nhealthfully weary.\\nIn the morning, breakfastless and waterless, we\\nstarted, before sunrise, to Indian Garden. F ortu-\\nnately it had not rained in the night, but no sooner\\nwere we on our feet than the rain descended furi-\\nously, with brilliant lightning and thunder accom-\\npaniments, and we consoled ourselves by sending\\nimaginary telephone messages to the camp on the\\nsummit. Hello, Central. Give me Bass Camp.\\nYou, Bass Breakfast for three strawberries\\nand cream, oatmeal and cream, maple syrup and\\nhoney, dried toast, buttered toast, cream toast,\\nporter-house steak, ham and eggs, baked potatoes,\\nwith hot cakes and coffee. This fancy did n t\\nprevent our feeling hungry, and, pretty soon, get-\\nting wet through. This was our condition when\\nwe reached Indian Garden, where our tomatoes,\\nbiscuits, and oranges were. After refreshing drinks\\nof the pure spring water and a restful stretch-", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0207.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "146 IN AND AROUND\\nout, we took our frugal meal. A few hours later\\nthe three and one-half miles hard climb to the\\nrim and the four miles walk to the camp were\\nover, a good dinner served, and our experiences\\nnothing but a memory.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0208.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\nH7\\nCHAPTER XIV\\nTHE MYSTIC SPRING TRAIL\\nSTANDING on the brink of the Canyon at Sur-\\nprise Outlook, after the eye has become accus-\\ntomed to picking out the numerous objects in the\\nCanyon, it is easy to describe generally the course\\nof the Mystic Spring Trail.\\nIn order to form a general idea as to where we\\nhave to go, look down upon Le Conte Plateau\\ntowards the edge of Trail Canyon, between Hue-\\ntha-wa-li Plateau and the Grand Scenic Divide.\\nSeen from above, it presents a comparatively smooth\\nand even surface, and appears to be dotted with a\\ngrowth of dwarf-looking shrubs. Between us and\\nthe plateau a slope of talus extends, of sixty or\\nseventy degrees, for a depth of fifteen hundred or\\nsixteen hundred feet, when it breaks off on the sum-\\nmit of a perpendicular wall of rock nine hundred\\nfeet in height.\\nThe trail begins not more than a yard from where\\nwe stand. One step and we are upon it. It glides\\ndown eastward for nearly a mile on the face of this\\ntalus, without a zag in it, and then zigzags for a\\nshort distance until a natural stream bed is reached.\\nThis is in the more solid portion of the cross-\\nbedded sandstone. Near this point, a little below\\nthe trail, on the left, are two natural tanks or reser-", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0209.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "148\\nIN AND AROUND\\nvoirs, which catch the water as it races down the\\nsteep slopes after a shower, and thus stores it for\\nfuture use. When these tanks were found by Mr.\\nBass they were completely filled with the debris\\nthat, for years, had been allowed to wash in and\\naccumulate. Now that they are cleaned out, well\\nOn the Mystic Spring Trail.\\ncemented, and carefully covered, they will hold\\nseveral hundred barrels of w^ater, the value of which\\nin the dry season it is impossible to estimate.\\nLeaving the tanks and crossing this slight rocky\\nravine, the trail follows along the brink of a preci-\\npice until the so-called Cliff-dwelling is reached.\\nI am inclined to the belief that this is nothing\\nmore than a corn storasje house, a score or more of", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0210.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 149\\nwhich are found in the Havasu Canyon, especially\\nin its upper reaches. As Le Conte Plateau and\\nthe region beyond was once the wandering ground\\nand pasturage of certain Havasupai families, and\\nthey made their home in the interior of the Canyon,\\nit is reasonable to assume that, near to their water\\ncisterns, they would construct this food storehouse,\\nwhere they could place their corn, dried peaches,\\ndried pumpkins, dried meat, and other eatables\\nduring their short absences.\\nA little distance from the cliff corn-house the trail\\nreaches a sort of break, down the face of the cross-\\nbedded sandstone, where it descends in a zigzag\\ncourse, back and forth, until Le Conte Plateau is\\nreached.\\nHere the surface presents an entirely different\\nappearance from what we saw twenty-five hundred\\nfeet above. It is broken and covered with mounds\\nof earth and rock, while huge boulders are dis-\\ntributed over it. The shrubs have grown into a\\nforest of fair-sized trees, and while from the rim it\\nlooked as though travelling would be easy, and that\\none could see all around him, it is found that if the\\ntrail is left it is an easy matter to lose one s self\\namong the trees and upheaved earth and rocks.\\nWe are in no hurry to reach the river, so let us\\nsee all we can, leisurely and easily, on the three\\nout-thrust plateaus, before climbing Hue-tha-wa-li or\\ndescending Trail Canyon. As before noted, the\\neasterly out-thrust of Le Conte Plateau is called\\nthe Grand Scenic Divide. From its summit one\\nmay look sheer down three thousand feet or more\\nand see the dirty river scouring the rocks and", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0211.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "I50 IN AND AROUND\\nroaring along on its way to the Gulf of California,\\nat the rate of what seems to be from ten to sixty\\nmiles an hour. But though we have descended\\nnearly three thousand feet, our view of the river is\\nso limited that one may cover it from sight with\\nthree finofers of the hand.\\nTo the right towers Havasupai Point, three\\nthousand feet above us. At its base stands a great\\nsymmetrical pillar shaped like Cleopatra s Needle\\nin Central Park, New York, but six hundred feet\\nhigh. The Divide swings around a quarter circle\\nand shows that it is a gigantic mass of red sand-\\nstone and marble, as symmetrically built up as\\nthough done by a master mason, and away up on\\nits weird side there is revealed to the spectator a\\nmonster monogram, G. A. R.\\nWe ride out to the point and there obtain a long\\nview of the river deep down in the Inner Gorge\\nof granite, and, as we stand by the side of Dick\\nPillar, we feel that the indefatigable baker of Thurso,\\nwhose researches formed such valuable contributions\\nto geological science, has here a monument more\\ngrand, noble, and enduring than any that his\\nadmirers could have erected to his honor.\\nReturning now to the central or Hue-tha-wa-li\\n(Mount Observation) Plateau, we essay the climb\\nto the summit of the mountain from which the\\nplateau gains its name. There is no trail here. It\\nis pure climbing, and none will undertake it except\\nthose who love hard work and the marvellous view\\nthe summit affords. As we slowly take each step\\nupwards we feel that we must find some ancient\\ntenrtple on reaching the top. What a site for one!", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0212.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "o\\n6i\\no\\nQ\\nO\\nJ\\no\\nU\\nw\\nX", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0213.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0214.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 151\\nThe Q:ods themselves have hewn out this mountain\\nas a magnificent pedestal, upon which reverent wor-\\nshippers might place their temple and altars there-\\nupon to offer constant worship and sacrifice.\\nIt covers the interior canyon prospect in every\\ndirection. As a place of defensive retreat it would\\nbe absolutely impregnable. Only on the narrow-\\nest and most precarious of paths could the summit\\nbe attained, and the will of a score of brave and\\ndetermined men could have kept the whole armies\\nof the world in check, had such a conflict occurred\\nbefore firearms were discovered.\\nYonder, across the river, the keen eyes of our\\nguide discern a mountain sheep, and we level our\\nfield-glasses upon him.\\nIt is a great sight, to witness the flight of a band\\nof Big Horns, or mountain sheep, on the steep\\nslopes of the Grand Canyon. You would think not\\neven mountain sheep could keep their foothold,\\nmuch less run at full speed on this sloping talus,\\nso plentifully bestrewn with boulders but they do\\nit with perfect ease, and apparently with no con-\\nsciousness of fear. They are wonderfully crafty,\\nand it is hard to get near enough to shoot them,\\nor with several companions surround, so as to en-\\ntrap them. When they are driven to frenzy by\\napparent hopelessness of escape, they will dash to\\nthe edge of great precipices, and without hesitation\\njump down, often landing on their skulls, rather\\nthan their feet. A roll or two, and they are up and\\noff, and in your astonishment at this negro-like\\nacrobatic feat you lose all chance of shooting them.\\nIt is on Le Conte Plateau, in the region of Hue-", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0215.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "152 IN AND AROUND\\ntha-wa-H, that many and various evidences of the\\nuse of this plateau as the home of the Indians are\\nto be found. There are mescal pits, so long for-\\nsaken that they are buried under the talus of rock\\nwhich has fallen others, in the centre and on the\\nsides of which huge trees have grown. There are\\nstorage houses in the cliffs where corn and other\\nfoods were placed, and houses occupied by the\\nIndians themselves. Indeed, there are a few of these\\nhouses where the Havasupais yet come and live\\nwhile they are making mescal, or gathering it to\\ntake away.\\nEven on the igneous rocks down in the very in-\\nmost recesses of the Canyon, similar evidences of\\nhuman occupancy exist, and the Havasupais speak\\nof them all as the residences of their forefathers.\\nDescending Mount Observation, we stand in in-\\nterested amazement before Balanced Rock, a\\nhuge mass of stone weighing many tons, the base\\nof which has so disintegrated as to leave the upper\\nand more solid portion resting upon the slightest\\npossible foundation. While it does not swing,\\nas do the balanced rocks of Cornwall, it appears so\\nmuch like them as to justify the name.\\nNow we may ride out to the point of Mount Ob-\\nservation (Hue-tha-wa-li) Plateau, where the view\\nis similar to the one enjoyed from the Grand Scenic\\nDivide, or shall have shortly from the Mystic Spring\\nPlateau, the westernmost offshoot from Le Conte\\nPlateau. We look down the vast recesses of Cop-\\nper Canyon and see a score of El Capitans in\\nthe red marble walls on either side. Then we\\nride out towards Mystic Spring, passing on the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0216.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n153\\nway a curious freak of erosion known as Seal Head\\nRock.\\nIt was Captain Burro who led Mr. Bass to Mystic\\nSpring, whose existence he had long known, but\\nwhich all his most careful searchings could never\\nfind. They had become great friends, and Burro\\nSeal Head Rock, near Mystic Spring.\\nhad learned that this white man had, so far, been\\ntrue to all his promises. So, one day, after Mr.\\nBass had returned from another wearisome, dis-\\nheartening, and futile search. Burro said, Bill v, you\\ngive me a sack of f^our and half a beef, and I show\\nyou my spring, and you can always use it for your-\\nself and your horses. The transfer of the prop-\\nerty was made, and Mr. Bass was taken to the\\nspring, which, to his great amazement, was so near", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0217.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "154\\nIN AND AROUND\\nto where he had searched in vain for it, that he\\ncould have thrown a pebble into it. Hence, the\\nname he had already given to it long before he\\nsaw it the Mystic Spring.\\nAnd it is mystic in more ways than one. Its\\ncurative properties in cases of dyspepsia, as well as\\nthe sinorular manner in which it seems to ooze out\\nof the solid rock, make the name most appropriate.\\nNow and again it disappears entirely.\\nStanding at the spring in front of us is a yawn-\\ning abyss whose bottom is floored with the rocks of\\nages, and whose sides are perpendicular walls of\\nrock. To our right is a deeper abyss of the same\\nstyle of architecture. To our left, a still deeper\\none, the deepest one so far seen, and through which\\nwe obtain another view of the river. This is Mystic\\nAmphitheatre.\\nAt the extreme north end of Mystic Spring\\nPlateau, we look into the amphitheatre named the\\nRuins of Paradise, on account of its towers and\\nturrets and the transcendent coloring of its lofty\\nvertical walls, which recalled Milton s description\\nof the walls of heaven and the great difficult}^ the\\narch fiend found in scaling them.\\nHere, in the Ruins of Paradise, is the region of\\nchromes and Naples yellows, the blues, and the\\ndelicate shades of browns and grays.\\nIt is when you are among the shales and slates,\\nand where the serpentine marble lies, that these\\nexquisite colors reveal themselves in all their glory.\\nThese do not appear everywhere. They are not\\ndominant, insistent, like the reds. It is only when\\nyou seek them out, in such secluded nooks as this.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0218.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n55\\nthat you can enjoy to the full their unique revelry\\nof coloring.\\nThen, too, the luminous haze, which generally\\nmay be observed everywhere in the Canyon in the\\nearly morning or late afternoon hours, is nowhere\\nso luminous and radiantly beautiful as down here.\\nIt seems to take\\nupon itself from\\nthese rich and\\nBurros drinking at Mystic Spring.\\nsome of their glory, so that the two effects com-\\nbine to make an unequalled scene of transcendent\\nNow, riding around from Mystic Spring to the\\nhead of Trail Canyon, we are ready for the river.\\nHow the trail winds around and takes advantage\\nof every opportunity to descend. We are under\\nthe western wall of Hue-tha-wa-li Plateau, soon to", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0219.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "156 IN AND AROUND\\nbe curving down under Le Conte Plateau. As we\\nenter the marble the walls grow narrower and nar-\\nrower, until, for a short distance, we are within a\\nmere gorge, but the stupendous height of the walls\\nalmost frightens us as we look up and see them\\nconjoined to the sky. On the wall to the left is a\\ngreat Gothic archway, that seems like an entrance\\nto a vast and inaccessible cave. The contour of\\nthe entrance changes as we approach nearer to it,\\nand we see that it is merely a break in the marble,\\nwhere either the crushing of an uplift has mashed\\nthe rock and made it easily disintegrated, or it is\\nthe remains of one of the many vast caves eaten\\nout by acid-charged waters found in this forma-\\ntion throughout the entire canyon system.\\nDown we go, farther and farther. The narrow\\ncanyon opens out, and we breathe more freely. The\\ntrail is excellent, and we ride in comfort.\\nNow we come to a great monoclinal fold of the\\nlower strata, cut through by the storm waters, which\\nagain and again, doubtless, during the centuries,\\nhave dashed down Trail Canyon. The fold stands\\nalmost directly parallel to the course of the canyon,\\nfor a short distance, so that as the processes of\\nerosion have been performed the tilted strata first\\nappeared by being denuded of covering strata above\\nand on each side of their upturned edges. Then,\\nas erosion cut deeper, the wall composed of the\\nfolded strata formed an obstacle to the passage of\\nthe storm waters on its eastern side, as, at its lower\\nexposed end the canyon makes a slight curve, and\\nthe fold is left undisturbed and uncovered as a por-\\ntion of the right canyon wall. So, during some", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0220.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n^S7\\nviolent storm, or, perhaps, by the slower processes\\nof weathering, the perpendicular wall was cut\\nthrough, and we now ride through a cut in the\\ngreat uncovered tilt, where the curve stands upon\\nour right, and the remains of the upturned wall,\\nWheeler Fold in Trail Canyon.\\nits upper edges jagged and rough, is upon our\\nleft. This fold I have named the Wheeler Fold,\\nand its corresponding wall to the left, the Gilbert\\nWall.\\nA little farther on, and the trail, which has left\\nthe bed of the stream, turns into it, doubles on\\nitself, and returns into a shut-in gorge. At its\\nextremity we find ourselves in a camp more per-\\nfect and complete than the one at Mystic Spring\\nfor the bed of the canyon here has so eroded as", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0221.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "158\\nIN AND AROUND\\nand\\nrough\\nto make a precipice of fifteen or twenty feet, and\\nthe overhanging rock makes of the precipice such\\na place as the Cliff-dwellers built their fortress\\nhomes in centuries ago. Here Mr. Bass has stores\\nof food, a portable forge, anvil, and other aids to\\nhis trail building and mining operations.\\nAbove the camp,\\nreached by a\\nladder built\\nof mesquite, is a\\ntiny spring of pure,\\nsweet water, nestling\\nin a basin of solid\\nrock.\\nFrom this camp\\nthe trail leads us over\\nstill another mile and\\na half, winding its\\nsinuous and tortuous\\nway over the steep\\nand adamantine\\ngranite. There to\\nthe right is the place\\nwhere we stood and\\nlooked at and longed\\nto reach the river as recounted in the next chap-\\nter. But now the trail leads us to the muddy\\nwaters, and after watering the horses and tying\\nthem up, watching the fierce rapids which are\\nsomewhat similar to those described elsewhere,\\nlooking up and around at the buttes, temples,\\nspires, and walls which surround us, we doff our\\nclothing, and, in a safe harbor, plunge into the\\n^t^\\nThe Ladder to the Spring at\\nBed Rock Camp.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0222.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "O\\nO\\nO\\nw\\nX\\no", "height": "3237", "width": "1952", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0223.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0224.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 159\\nraging Colorado and enjoy the luxury of a swim.\\nMore of a bath, it is, than a swim, but it is delight-\\nful to feel one s self in deep water, even though\\nit be the sand-, silt-, and color-laden water of the\\nColorado.", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0225.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "i6o IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XV\\nTHREE DAYS OF EXPLORING IN TRAIL CANYON\\nWITH THE WRONG COMPANION\\nTRAIL Canyon is that inner side gorge down\\nwhich the Mystic Spring Trail leaves Le\\nConte Plateau on its way to the river. On one of\\nmy visits some years ago, before this portion of the\\ntrail was constructed, I determined, if possible, to\\nreach the Colorado down this canyon. Mr. Bass\\nhad been down several times, and, although he\\nwarned me that it would be rather a hard trip, he\\nfelt sure I could make it. I had with me at this\\ntime two companions, one a doctor, and the other\\nwas not. No sooner did they learn of the in-\\ntended outing than they also desired to go. Mr.\\nWas-not was not very strong, physically, and\\nMr. Bass urged him not to go, but not content with\\nthis advice he came and solicited my counsel.\\nI felt somewhat diffident about advising him, for,\\nunhappily, I had learned that should I bid him\\nremain, he would forever after regret and complain\\nthat I had had some ulterior object in not allowing\\nhim to go, and if, on the other hand, I said Go,\\nand the trip were to prove, as I felt assured it\\nwould, very arduous, he would not be the man to\\nface difficulties with equanimity, and would condemn\\nme for having permitted him to go. Still, as he\\nwanted to go, and as, I must confess, I did not an-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0226.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\ni6i\\nticipate anything like the hardships we afterwards\\nencountered, I said that if he much desired it, he\\nwould better go, and I would do all I could to help\\nhim. I was soon sorry I gave him this advice, for,\\nfive minutes after we started, he began to complain,\\nLooking down Trail Canyon.\\nand, with but few very few interruptions, kept\\nit up until we returned, three days later. In leaving\\nthe upper section of the Mystic Spring Trail, we\\nhad to descend, for perhaps two thousand feet, an\\nalmost precipitous talus, with no suggestion of a\\ntrail. Now we were dropping down eight and ten\\nfeet ledges, then climbing over loose boulders, only\\nto alight on a mass of sliding debris which carried\\nus along perilously near a precipice five hundred\\nfeet high, over which we could hear the fore-portion", "height": "3247", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0227.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "i62 IN AND AROUND\\nof our rocky stream fall upon the marble beneath.\\nSeveral times we found ourselves on ledges which\\nended nowhere, and our steps had to be retraced.\\nThe only provisions we had loaded ourselves\\nwith were a couple of cans of fruit, one can of\\nsalmon, a few dried biscuits, some sugar, and a\\nsmall canteen of water. We thought we should\\nsurely reach the river that night, and there we\\ncould refill the canteen and return to Mystic Spring\\nCamp the next day, where there was an abundance\\nof both provision and water.\\nBut, as we slowly climbed and slid downwards,\\nand saw the sun hastening to his western domain,\\nthe long black shadows thrown in the canyon cast\\nequally black shadows upon the hope that we\\nshould see the river that night. Indeed it was\\nalready starlight when I called a halt. I found\\na small sandy spot, where I thought we three could\\nsleep. As the wind blew down the canyon at night\\nI placed Was-not, our complaining friend, on the\\nlee of a huge rock which effectively shielded him.\\nThe doctor took a position by the side of another\\nrock on the lower side, and I lay in the open, al-\\nmost at right angles with Was-not. I had chosen\\nthese positions purely for the benefit of my friends,\\nbut the kicker kicked at his position, and I had\\nto reason with him and show him why I had\\nthus placed him. Then he began to whine. How\\nwas he to sleep in such a place .f* He had no\\nblankets and no tent, and he had never slept out\\nof bed or out of doors in his life. And what if\\nrattlesnakes came to us in the night or centipedes.?\\nor what would become of us if those gigantic rocks", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0228.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 163\\nshould fall on us (they did look fearfully threaten-\\ning in the semi-darkness) and what this, and what\\nthe other, until I fairly exploded with a somewhat\\npetulant sermon on his lack of faith in the Almighty.\\nI contended that, as he had used the best judgment\\nhe possessed in making this trip, he had as much\\nright, after committing his way unto the Lord, to\\nexpect His protecting care as if he were asleep in\\nhis own bed. I then turned over, and had just gone\\nto sleep when another whine began, and the doc-\\ntor afterwards told me that poor Was-not was so\\nnervous he had to sidle up to him, hold his hand,\\nand soothe him as if he had been a child, before he\\ncould get him to sleep.\\nEarly in the morning, after a frugal meal, we\\nstarted on again. I could enjoy writing a long\\nchapter on the wonders of the trip to our then less-\\naccustomed eyes, but we were in a hurry to see the\\nriver. The sun came up, and it became hotter and\\nhotter. Soon the canteen was empty, and the\\nsprings or water-pockets we had expected to find\\non the way down were not there. As we neared\\nthe river, travelling became harder and harder, and\\nthe heat grew so intense that where we had to pull\\nourselves over boulders, the rocks blistered our\\nungloved hands. About noon we did find a water-\\npocket, half full of a stagnant liquid in which toads,\\ntadpoles, and mosquitoes, etc., held high carnival.\\nAlthough we were already terribly thirsty, none of\\nus could drink this horrible stuff, so we hurried on\\nin order to get water at the river. Coleridge s words\\ntruthfully pictured our fearful state as,\\nAll in a hot and copper sky\\nThe bloody sun at noon", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0229.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "i64 IN AND AROUND\\nshone down upon us with pitiless fury, and increased\\nour already dreadful thirst. Imagine our horror,\\nand the terror of our situation, when at last we\\ncame to a cliff of granite, to the summit of which\\nwe managed to creep, and crawl, and climb, and\\nsaw, three hundred feet below, the river dashing\\nmadly along, but could discover no possible way by\\nwhich it could be reached. It was as absolutely\\ninaccessible to us as if it were in the moon. Mr.\\nBass had explained to the doctor how we could\\nget down to the river, by retracing our steps some\\ndistance and climbing over the cliffs to the left, but\\nWas-not could not be persuaded to go, and he\\nwas horrified at the idea of our going and leaving\\nhim alone. We were indeed in a terrible quandary.\\nNo water, very little provision, a day and a half, at\\nleast, from Mystic Spring Camp, and a man on our\\nhands who was worse than all the other calamities\\nof the trip combined.\\nWith throats unslacked, with black lips baked,\\nWe could not laugh nor wail.\\nIt was too hot to think of attempting to return,\\nand yet it was like being in a furnace, remaining\\nwhere we were. Our empty canteen actually\\nseemed to take on a fiendish face, and laughed at\\nus every time we looked at it the rocks seemed to\\ngrow hotter, and our throats, lips, and tongues more\\nparched. So, making a virtue of our necessity, we\\nreturned to the water-pocket I had discovered on\\nthe down trip, and turning my felt hat inside out,\\nscooped into it, water, tadpoles, dead and live mos-\\nquitoes, mud, slime, and the rest, and then sat on", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0230.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 165\\nthe scorchinq; hot rocks, the doctor holdingr the\\ncanteen and I the hat, waiting for the water to filter\\nthrousfh. It took us a full hour to exhaust the\\npocket and obtain three-quarters of a canteen full\\nof this tadpole soup. Then we returned to where\\nthere was a little shade to be had, and spent the\\nday until about five o clock, dodging the sun. The\\nmoment the fierce Monarch of Day, who seemed\\ndetermined to scorch our brains out, and then bake\\nus alive, dodged over the western rim of our box-\\ncanyon, we started for the place where we had\\nstayed the night before. Every few steps we had\\nto stop and rest, and far oftener than I liked one\\nor the other of us would want water. I carried the\\ncanteen, as I dared not trust the precious though\\nfilthy and odorous fluid in any one else s hands.\\nWhen we reached our sandy bed, poor Was-not\\nwas so nervous that he could not sleep. He was\\nfar worse than on the previous night, and, after\\nseveral futile attempts to get him to sleep, as a\\nlast resort I had to rub him down and massaofe\\nhim with a little of the valuable fluid from the\\ncanteen.\\nIn the morning, while the stars were smiling on\\nus, we started for the summit. The water had\\nnauseated the doctor, and we had nothino- to eat,\\nbut pluckily he trudged along. How I dreaded to\\nsee the first orleam of sunlio^ht I had often watched\\nwith intense delight the sparkling diamond the sun\\nmakes on a canyon wall, as in the Yosemite, and\\nhad even studied to find a low place in the rim\\nwhere I could enjoy that indescribably beautiful\\neffect, and then, running to obtain a different angle,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0231.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "1 66 IN AND AROUND\\nsee it again and again, several times; but now!\\nhow I longed for the power of Joshua, that success-\\nfully I might have bidden the sun stand still\\nBut I had no such power, and ruthlessly, remorse-\\nlessly, indeed, rather gleefully, it seemed to all of\\nus, he finally shot over the walls with an unseemly\\nand indecorous haste, and made our upward climb\\nmore arduous than before. We were all nearly at\\nthe last gasp, but Was-not felt that his oppor-\\ntunities would be lost if lie did not expend his\\nstrength and nervous energies in complaining\\nWhat a fool he was to have come on such a trip\\nWould the Lord ever forgive him for venturing\\non such a foolhardy errand? If He would, and\\nwould allow him to get out, a hundred million dol-\\nlars should never tempt him to make it again, and\\nso on, ad libitum^ ad nauseam^ until, disgusted and\\nannoyed beyond control, the doctor called me on\\none side and said: This trip and that man s whin-\\ning are driving me crazy. Stop his howling or I\\nshall become insane and kill him. I felt exactly in\\nthe same condition tlie doctor so graphically and\\ntersely described, so, turning to Was-not, I burst\\nforth You came down here of your own will,\\nknowing as much of the difficulties as we did. We\\nhave helped and cared for you all we could, and\\nnow, I, for one, propose that you shall stop your\\nhowling and kicking. Can t you see that every\\nbreath you waste in this foolish complaining is\\nexhausting your nerve energies, and the effect of it\\nupon us is as bad as upon yourself We re in a\\ntight place, and it will be hard work for us to get\\nout. Now you either quit, or, the next growl you", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0232.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 167\\nmake we 11 leave you, and you can get out or not,\\nas you like.\\nThis emphatic and seemingly brutal remonstrance\\nhad the desired effect, for, of course, we could never\\nhave left the poor fellow down there, no matter\\nwhat he had said or done, but it was a comfort to\\nhear him still for a while.\\nDuring this interlude the doctor built a\\nsignal fire, in the hope that the smoke would be\\nseen by Mr. Bass, and he would come or send\\nsome one to our rescue. But, unfortunately, the\\nbreeze sent the smoke down the canyon instead\\nof allowing it to ascend, so that the effort was in\\nvain.\\nAgain we started, and slowly labored on, and just\\nas the last sip was taken from our canteen, we came to\\nthe final climb, helped each other up to the Mystic\\nSpring Trail, and then lay there. But lying\\nthere would never do. We were all faint from loss\\nof food and water. We held a consultation. One\\nof us had to go to Mystic Spring three miles\\naway for help. Of course Was-not could not\\ngo, it was between the doctor and myself which\\nshould brave the heat of the afternoon sun. I\\noffered for the service, but confessed my doubt\\nas to my ability to stand the heat. If I had had\\nshade I think I should have gone without a question,\\nbut The upshot was, the doctor bravely went,\\nand Was-not and I lay in the shade of the rocks\\nas best we could. I think that he lay offering\\nthanks, I offered mine, with a sincere heart,\\nand then to divert my mind from the pangs of\\nhunger and thirst, buried myself in a few pages of", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0233.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "r68 IN AND AROUND\\none of Wilkie Collins s novels which I had slipped\\ninto one of my pockets. In about an hour and a\\nhalf it seemed an age Mr. Bass s partner hal-\\nlooed as he crossed the Winchell Ridge, and soon\\nafter, with two extra horses, and two generous can-\\nteens filled with the refreshing water of Mystic\\nSpring, rode up, and we were saved.\\nHow delicious that water was and how I longed\\nfor the neck of a giraffe to feel the exquisite sensa-\\ntion prolonged as it bubbled into my mouth and\\ndown my throat! I wanted two yards of throat in-\\nstead of the little I had. After this it was an easy\\nride, and a delightful arrival at Mystic Spring,\\nwhere we found the noble doctor already recup-\\nerated and almost ready for another trip. The next\\nday we were all right, and it would have required\\nonly a powerful enough object, and two more\\ncanteens of water, to have sent us off on a similar\\nexpedition. Was-not has since expressed himself\\nas to the folly of our adventure. Why go dow^n\\ninto that canyon Where could any benefit be\\nderived by ourselves or others.? Why cannot men\\nbe content to stay in places of safety and comfort,\\nand not jeopardize life by trying to know more than\\neasily comes to them\\nAnd I cannot help the reflection how true to\\nlife or many people s conception of life this\\nkind of complaining is. Was-not is right, after\\nall, from the worldly-wise standpoint. It is an un-\\nwise and dangerous thing to explore that wondrous\\ncanyon-mystery we call life. Happy is that man\\nwho is content to remain on the dead level, and who\\nneither seeks to penetrate the depths or. the heights", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0234.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 169\\nhe sees around him. True; they are there, he\\nrecognizes their existence, but cares not to know,\\ndares not to risk finding, the mysteries which may\\nbe hidden therein. Why dare Why risk Has\\nhe not bread and butter as it is Down there may\\nhe not lose it Better let well alone, and let the\\ncanyon s deeps be explored and the mountain s\\nheights and fastnesses scaled by the fools who\\nwill dare and venture, because they are not content\\nwhere they are.\\nBut, thank God for adventurous souls who wz/l\\ndare, who wz venture, who wi// explore, even at\\nrisk of life and all that ordinary souls hold dear.\\nThe world would soon die of stagnation and dead-\\nrot were it not for the Leif Ericsons, the Colum-\\nbuses, the Drakes, the Cabrillos, the Wattses, the\\nStephensons, the Edisons, the Morses, the Frank-\\nlins, who in all the walks of life w^ leave the ruts\\nand seek to find out the hidden mysteries of Nature\\nand Life.\\nAnd as in the physical so in the mental world.\\nWe need the daring souls who will face the work-a-\\nday common world with new and startling thoughts,\\nwho will soar into the heavens and throug-h the\\ncanyon depths on the wings of imagination and\\nbring us back the flowers and food found in their\\nflight.\\nYes, we are orjad and thankful that the daring\\nploughman is to be found who ruthlessly and\\ncruelly, it seems to us, drives his ploughshare\\nover the field whose harvest we are now reaping.\\nAnd he makes it barren and bare But the new\\nseed is sown by the Almighty Father of us all, and", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0235.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "170 IN AND AROUND\\nsoon a new, a richer, and a fuller harvest comes to\\nus, and we discover, nearly always too late,\\nthough, when the ploughman has gone to his\\neternal rest, that he was our bravest and our best\\nfriend.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0236.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 171\\nCHAPTER XVI\\nMR. W. W. BASS AND HIS CANYON EXPERIENCES\\nEVERYTHING depends upon the angle of\\nvision in which you stand as related to any\\ngiven subject. To the neat, finical, faddy people,\\nwho use sapolio on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,\\nand all the other secular days, in order that they may\\nrest on Sunday, and whose linen must be just so,\\nand the cooking even more so, and everything in\\nlife done on the perfect plan, the semi-Indian life\\nof the pioneer and explorer in wild Arizona would\\nbe a torture and a misery.\\nWhat a life to lead Never, or seldom, sleeping\\nin a house, but out of doors, on Mother Earth s\\nsturdy bosom dusty, dirty, rocky, muddy, often\\nwet and always hard bugs, flies, fleas, mosquitoes,\\ncentipedes, earwigs, rattlesnakes, and scorpions as\\noccasional companions in the neighborhood of\\nrats, bats, wolves, foxes, coyotes, and skunks, and,\\nnow and then, bears and mountain lions cooking\\nover a camp fire where everything gets smoked,\\nblack, and dirty beyond remedy, and where\\nhandles get red-hot and cut into one s flesh, and\\nwhere smoke gives flavor to everything, and this\\nin the best of weather. But in other weathers\\nThink of cooking in a sand-storm, with fine sand\\npenetrating everything in a rain-storm, when wood", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0237.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "172 IN AND AROUND\\nis wet, fire won t burn, and everybody is ill-tempered,\\nand hungry in a wind-storm, when the smoke\\nwhirls and swirls in every direction, and one s eyes\\nare blinded, and the fire burns now to the east,\\nthen to the west, veers to the north, then to the\\nsouth, and finally to all points of the compass and\\nup and down at the same time And eating and\\nsleeping and riding and driving and working have\\nall to be done under similar adverse conditions.\\nAway from civilization and humankind, seldom\\nmeeting men, much less women, and many of those\\nthat are met rough and ready, good-hearted,\\ngood-natured, but profane, unrefined, vulgar, and\\nuncouth, on the draw, equally ready for a game\\nat cards, a booze, a row, or a fight with such\\nassociates as these one would think life would be a\\nfailure, and that all man s highest aspirations and\\ndestinies would be overlooked and forgotten. Yet\\nit need not be so The pioneer may be, and often\\nis, rough and uncouth, but it is not uncommon to\\nfind him regarding all the things mentioned as the\\nmerest incidents. Life itself is in breathing the\\npure, unsmoked, unsmelling, un-bacteria-laden air\\nfresh from God s desert, forest, mountain, and\\ncanyon laboratories in seeing and feeling himself\\nunder the clearest sky of God s creation in walking\\nin His temples of stately aisled trees, sweet-smell-\\ning, health-giving, and soul-uplifting in going\\nwith deep reverence into His sculptured and\\ncloistered cathedrals of deep canyons, mysterious\\nand glorious, marvellous and sublime; in hearing\\nHis voice in the joyful songs of birds, the whisper-\\ning of leaves, the roaring of rivers, the babbling of", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0238.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 173\\nbrooks, the crashing of thunder, and the thousand\\nand one sounds that animate Nature gives vent\\nto in accordance with the Creator s will. In the\\nbuoyant sense of freedom and contact with God\\nHimself that are two of the rewards of his solitude\\nin the grand development of individuality, selfhood,\\ncalm confidence, and self-reliance that necessarily\\ncome to him if he continues in such life, these\\nare what make up his pleasures, his compensations.\\nHe may be grizzled and unshaven his clothes\\nsoiled and worn; his linen torn or uncared for;\\nhis food coarse and rudely prepared his sleeping\\naccommodations gypsy-like and unprepossessing,\\nhis speech unlearned and unrefined yet if the men\\nwho live in cities and who are the reverse of him in\\nthese thiuQ^s were to come in contact with him more,\\nthe world would progress with a speed hitherto\\nunknown, the doctor s work would largely disappear,\\nthe doors of the insane asylum would be closed, the\\nlawyer would be much less called upon, and the\\nnumbers of the priest ridden and driven much\\nreduced.\\nSuch a train of thought is naturally inspired\\neach time I look upon the sturdy personality of my\\nfriend, William Wallace Bass, the only real guide\\ninto the Grand Canyon of Arizona.\\nHe was born in Shelbyville, Indiana, October 2,\\n1849. In 1850, his father, attracted by the gold\\nexcitement, came to California, died in 1851, and\\nwas buried in Sacramento. The year-old boy had\\nno memory of his father, but, as he grew- older, the\\nstory of that sad and untimely death out in the West\\nwas always a peculiar source of attraction, and ac-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0239.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "174\\nIN AND AROUND\\ncounts for the readiness with which he hurried west-\\nward when the opportunity arose.\\nAs he grew to manhood he entered railway life.\\nShortly before coming to Arizona he was train\\ndespatcher on the Elevated Railway of New York,\\nwhen his health broke down, and General Winslow,\\nJoe, the Burro; Shep, the Dog; W. W. Bass, the Canyon\\nGuide.\\nthen Vice-President of the Atlantic Pacific Rail-\\nway and President of the St. Louis San Fran-\\ncisco Railway, urged him to visit Arizona and see\\nif the climate there would not restore him to\\nhealth.\\nFor eight years he had been a conductor on the\\nErie Railway, under the presidency of Jim Fisk,\\nhence it was natural that when he first arrived in\\nArizona he should endeavor to resume work at the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0240.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n75\\noccupation with which he was familiar. But dis-\\nsatisfied with railway work, in 1883 he took up a\\nranch eight miles from Williams, and there lived in\\na cave formed by the waters of the Havasu (Cata-\\nract) Creek he has since so thoroughly studied.\\nSoon after his settlement in Williams he read in\\nsome Arizona paper one of those strangely roman-\\ntic accounts of the Havasupai Indians elsewhere\\nreferred to, and this gave him an intense desire to\\nsee so peculiar and wonderful a people, who were\\nsaid to combine within themselves so many character-\\nistics of the Indians of centuries agone. He had\\nalso heard of the prospecting trip on which Mooney\\nwas killed, and had accidentally met one of the men\\nwho was with Mooney at the time. This man had\\ninformed him that there was an old Indian trail\\nwhich crossed Havasu Canyon at a point where it\\nwas boxed in, which would lead him directly to\\nthe Havasupai village. The general supposition at\\nthat time was that the Havasu Creek boxed soon\\nafter leaving Williams, and was impassable and un-\\ncrossable after it was thus closed in.\\nExperiencing difficulty in inducing any one to\\ntake so risky and arduous a trip merely for the\\npleasure of seeing a few Indians and their home, he\\nconcluded to go alone, and, accordingly, made his\\npreparations. Eating in a restaurant the day before\\nthe start was to be made, a man came and acciden-\\ntally took the seat by his side. By and by the two\\nentered into conversation, and it turned out that the\\nstranger was an Easterner with whose friends Mr.\\nBass was somewhat familiar. He was wearing an\\neleofant grold watch on which was inscribed Pre-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0241.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "176 IN AND AROUND\\nsented to J. W. McKinney by Charles McFadden\\nas a token of efficient service rendered in the con-\\nstruction of the West End Tunnel of the Lehigh\\nValley Railroad.\\nAnd now I will tell the story of their trip in Mr.\\nBass s own words as far as possible.\\nI soon found he knew all my friends, and was a\\nrailroad man. So was I. So, when he asked if he\\nmight accompany me on my trip I was glad to have\\nhim do so. I had secured the latest government\\nmap of the region, and, with plenty of provisions,\\nbedding, two guns, our revolvers, and ammunition,\\nwe started. Each of us had a mare with a young\\ncolt, and we had a white shepherd dog, and a pack\\nburro, which also had a colt. It was the 8th day of\\nSeptember, 1884, when we started. For two days\\nwe met with little or no water. The supply in our\\nsmall canteens gave out, and we were in a bad fix.\\nThe third day out we found a little more water,\\nand entered a region where we passed alternately\\nthrough canyon walls and fertile valleys. On the\\n12th we came to a place in the bed of Havasu\\nCreek where a large volume of water was held,\\ndoubtless from some cloud-burst, and our horses\\nwere so famished for water that they rushed into it\\nand would not be restrained, so that they nearly\\ndrowned. I su2:2:ested we remain here for a few\\ndays, but McKinney was in a hurry to go on, so\\nabout four o clock in the afternoon, filling our can-\\nteens and letting the horses drink all they would,\\nwe started again. That night we made a dry camp,\\nand by daylight next morning were once more on\\nthe move. About ten o clock we came to where", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0242.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 177\\nthere were several deep gorges and pretty rough\\ntravelling, so, leaving the horses and burros in Mc-\\nKinney s care, I went in search of water. I soon\\ncame across an Indian trail, which led down the\\nmain gorge, and, following it a little way, came to a\\nplace in the rocks where there were several small\\nwater-pockets partially filled with the precious fluid.\\nI returned for McKinney. When he saw the\\nspot, he concluded we were not far from the Hava-\\nsupai village, for from the stories that had been\\ntold us in Williams when it was known we were\\nabout to start, we expected to come to the waterfalls\\nfirst, on the crest of which we could stand and look\\ndown the three hundred feet upon the Indians at\\nwork in their fields below. The water, we were\\ntold, came right out from the rocks and dashed over\\nthe falls.\\nAs McKinney was older than I and had had\\nsome experience, I yielded to him when he expressed\\nthe determination to go on alone to the village.\\nAccordingly he took the rifle and field-glasses, with\\nthe remark that It could n t be far, and he d go\\nand see if he could find the falls. Although it was\\nnow well along towards noon, we had had no break-\\nfast, as we had waited for water, so I agreed to go\\nback and cook breakfast, and wait his return. I\\ndid so ate my own breakfast, and waited uneasily\\nfor three hours. Then I had my dinner, and, as he\\nstill did not come, I began to pack water to the\\nanimals.\\nMcKinney was thinly clad, as it was warm\\nweather, and he had on neither coat nor vest. He\\ntook no blankets, food, nor water with him.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0243.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "1/8 IN AND AROUND\\nAt this point the bed of Havasu Creek begins\\nits descent into the crust of the earth, and is soon\\na canyon about twenty-five feet wide and very deep.\\nFor two or three miles it grows deeper and deeper,\\nand, in places, the walls are so narrow that they\\nalmost overhang and shut out any but the smallest\\nglimpse of the sky overhead. It is a literal canyon.\\nIn some places great rocks boulders have rolled\\nin so as to make travelling pretty severe work.\\nThat night, as McKinney did not return, I went\\nand stayed with the animals, carrying them water\\nin the morning in our camp-kettle, dutch-oven, and\\ncanteens. After I had watered them I found a\\nway to bring the horses and our supplies down to\\nthe water-pockets. Then, after baking bread, I\\nwent on a hunt for some of the game whose tracks\\nI had seen in profusion. There were antelope,\\ndeer, quail, and rabbits in abundance, and soon I\\nhad killed all we could eat.\\nBy this time I had decided that some accident\\nhad occurred to McKinney, he had either been\\nbitten by a rattlesnake or had tumbled over some\\nbluff or other, and I had better go and hunt for\\nhim. So I prepared a rope and some bandages,\\nfilled the canteen, got my gun, prepared provisions,\\nand with the revolver in my hands started. I had\\nnot gone more than a mile or a mile and a half\\nwhen I came to a nest of rattlesnakes, and some of\\nthese I killed with the gun, thinking the sound of\\nthe report might warn McKinney that I was coming.\\nSoon afterwards I came to a perpendicular jump of\\nforty or fifty feet, below which I could see a change\\nin the formation from the hard limestone to a white", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0244.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 179\\nsandstone. I got down by climbing around, and\\non the sand I saw his tracks. Here, in the bed of\\nthe canyon, were some walnut and alder trees, and\\nsome pinions. I walked on to the next bend in\\nthe canyon, and there saw pony and moccasin\\ntracks, which completely obliterated McKinney s.\\nThis put me into a state of considerable trepidation,\\nfor common report around Williams said that if a\\nman was found anywhere near the Havasupais with\\nrevolver and cartridges, they would kill him. I con-\\nfess I felt afraid both for Mc Kinney and myself,\\nand began to think I had seen the last of him.\\nHere the can3 ^on took a due west turn. Hitherto\\nit had been going north, and now it widened out\\nand became deeper. As I could now see a long\\nway ahead, I determined to go on anyhow, and did\\nso, until I heard the noise of falling stones. Looking\\nup, I saw an Indian pony on the slopes grazing.\\nThe tracks in the bed of the canyon were quite\\nfresh, and I did n t know but I might run into a band\\nof hostile Indians, and, as I was very much afraid\\nof rattlesnakes, especially when night came, I decided\\nthat, as it was growing dusk, I would try to climb\\nup the south wall out of the canyon and return to\\ncamp that way. I had quite a load, a three-bar-\\nrelled Baker gun, a six-shooter, medicines, canteen,\\nprovisions for three or four days, and a long coil of\\nrope, and found it quite a task climbing, but suc-\\nceeded in reaching within about five hundred feet\\nof the top, when I came to a perpendicular wall\\nwith a narrow shelf running along its base. I fol-\\nlowed the shelf, until it reached an amphitheatre\\nand there broke off abruptly. Directly over my", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0245.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "i8o IN AND AROUND\\nhead, but fully twenty-five feet above me, was an\\noverhanging angle of rock. This was my only\\nhope. I must either get over that, or go back. So,\\nwith a desperate throw I managed to get the rope\\nacross the projecting angle so that I could hold on\\nto both ends. Fastening all my supplies together\\nand tying them on the end of one of the ropes, I\\nbegan the ascent, placing my back against the wall\\nand pulling myself up hand over hand. On reach-\\ning a shelf above, I rolled over upon it exhausted\\nand nearly insensible, but had presence of mind\\nenough to secure myself with the rope. When I\\ncame to, 1 found one more effort would release me,\\nand, gathering all my remaining strength, made it,\\nand reached the top just as the sun was going down.\\nAfter a little rest I revived, and fortunately found a\\ntrail going east. I followed it for a short distance,\\nbut it was soon quite dark, and, when I entered the\\nthick timber I was unable to see it, and before long\\nfelt myself hopelessly lost for that night, at least.\\nAs 1 stood, wondering what to do, something white\\ncame rushing towards me, and in a moment jumped\\nupon me with every demonstration of pleasure. It\\nwas my dog, which I had left at the camp. From\\nthe time it took us to go I estimated afterwards\\nwe were fully seven miles from camp, yet the\\nfaithful animal went ahead on the trail, and he,\\nbeing white, I was able to see him, and he took me\\nsafely back, where I camped in security and com-\\nfort.\\nNext morning (Sunday) I found the water pretty\\nnearly all gone, so baking up a good supply of\\nbread and meat, enough to take and enough to", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0246.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON i8i\\nleave, I sought a smooth place on the limestone,\\nwhere I wrote a bold notice for McKinney, should\\nhe return, that I had gone to Williams for assist-\\nance and he was to wait here until my return.\\nThen, as I noticed that the coyotes were in the\\nhabit of using this water hole, I hung the food up,\\nout of their reach, directing him where to find it,\\nand then sorrowfully started back for Williams.\\nThat night I travelled until four o clock in the\\nmorning, when the burro and one of the colts posi-\\ntively refused to go farther, so, stretching out in\\nthe bed of Havasu Creek, I rested, resuming my\\njourney as early as possible before sunrise. At\\nnoon I came to water, and there camped and rested\\na while, then, taking Williams Mountain as my\\nguide, started off again. In two days I reached\\nmy ranch and cave, watered the stock, and continued\\non to Williams, arriving there about ten o clock\\nat night. I went directly to the restaurant where\\nI had met McKinney, and found the proprietor\\nabout to retire. I was wild and rough in appearance,\\nmentally worried almost to death with the distress\\nand harassment of the past few days, and worn out\\nwith the hardships I had endured. My lips were\\nswollen and cracked, and my tongue so black and\\nthick I could scarcely have spoken had I had the\\nstrength. Unable to eat, I managed to make known\\nmy want for a bottle of beer or some other gentle\\nstimulant.\\nThe proprietor and one or two guests took\\nme, at first, for a crazy man, but as soon as the\\nformer recognized me, he cried out What You\\nback already Where s McKinney", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0247.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "1 82 IN AND AROUND\\nHe s lost, i whispered thickly.\\nLost How s that\\nAs fast as I gained strength I explained, and said\\nI wanted to go right back next day with a party to\\nfind him. Then, caring for the animals and walk-\\ning over to my own house, I was soon asleep in bed.\\nThe next morning it was about nine o clock before\\nI got out, and went immediately to find some one\\nto go with me to find McKinney. No one seemed\\nanxious to go, and I soon noticed groups of men\\nlooking suspiciously towards me, talking earnestly\\nas I came up, but remaining ominously still when I\\napproached.\\nAfter I had talked pretty roughly to some of\\nthem about their cowardice in leaving a man to\\nperish without any attempt to find or rescue him\\nfrom hostile Indians (had he fallen into their hands),\\na number of them agreed to be ready to start with\\nme at four o clock that afternoon. When the time\\ncame, however, there were but four who were ready\\nto go. These were the Justice of the Peace and\\nex-officio Coroner, Scott, a carpenter named Hurd,\\nwho claimed to be an expert trailer, a doctor named\\nMason, and an Irishman named Baggott. That\\nnight we went to my cave and stayed there, and\\nnext day travelled as fast as we could, reaching the\\nwater in Havasu Creek where I had previously\\ncamped. Then, the following day, about two\\no clock, we reached our camp. As we had brought\\nplenty of water with us, w^e prepared a meal, and\\nas soon as it was eaten Scott desired me to take\\nhimself and Hurd to the spot where I had lost\\nMcKinney. I took them to the place, and when", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0248.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 183\\nwe arrived they were determined to go on into the\\ncanyon that night. I explained the difficulties of\\nthe descent and urged the propriety of their going\\naround by the trail and down that way. Hurd was\\nemphatic in insisting that they go straight down.\\nThey could climb out anywhere, the ignorant fool\\nclaimed, and, more preposterous still, he said\\nBaggott and I could follow them along the rim of\\nthe canyon and throw blankets and food down to\\nthem if it was found impossible to reach the village\\nthat night. They went on, and I returned up the\\ntrail with Dr. Mason to the camp. When we got\\nabout half-way up, the doctor, who was troubled\\nwith heart disease, was taken sick. I cared for him\\nas well as I could, and as he began to recover he\\nturned to me and said, Bass, I feel sorry for you.\\nI m going to tell you something, but I don t want\\nyou to give me away. Then, as I gazed at him\\nin amazement, he continued The people in Wil-\\nliams think you killed McKinney, and they have\\nsent me to perform an autopsy on his body, Scott,\\nthe Justice and Coroner, to hold an inquest, and\\nHurd as an expert trailer to find the body if you ve\\ntried to dispose of it. Our orders are to bring you\\nback to Williams anyhow. They were talking\\npretty earnestly about hanging you before we left,\\nand you had a narrower escape than you imagine.\\nBut Scott persuaded them to wait until we d been\\nout to see the body. That s why those fellows are\\nso determined to go into the canyon to-night.\\nThey expect to find McKinney s body somewhere\\ndown there.\\nYou can imagine the anger, amazement, and", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0249.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "i84 IN AND AROUND\\nhorror with which I heard these words. It was\\nthe first intimation I had received of anything of\\nthe kind. I had noticed the ugly looks of the men\\nin Williams, but it never occurred to me that the\\ndastardly wretches imagined I had killed McKinney.\\nBut the doctor continued, Report has it that\\nMcKinney had a very valuable watch and four hun-\\ndred dollars.\\nThe contemptible suggestion implied in these\\nwords so infuriated me that I started back after\\nScott and Hurd with the exclamation, I 11 go with\\nthem, but the doctor was so sick and nervous that,\\nyielding to his earnest solicitations, I returned with\\nhim to camp.\\nBy this time I began to feel somewhat distressed\\nabout Scott and Hurd; I knew they had little or\\nno food or water, and that they were in far greater\\ndanger than they imagined. So, though Dr. Mason\\nand Baggott hated to move, and I knew it was not\\nthe best thing to do, I decided to follow along the\\nrim of the canyon as Scott and Hurd had asked\\nus to do, ready, to help them should any emergency\\narise. I did not want it to be said afterwards that\\nI would leave those fellows in danger, even though\\nthey were hunting evidence to hang me. So we\\nstarted along by the rim, ready to throw down\\nprovisions and blankets as Hurd, poor simple-\\nton had suggested. As it became dark we came\\nto a side canyon which, though so narrow that we\\ncould throw a stone across it, took us so long to\\nride around that by the time we reached the other\\nside it was dark. Baggott and I now went to\\nthe edge of the main canyon and fired, waiting for", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0250.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 185\\na return signal, as agreed upon, from Scott and\\nHurd below. But we saw and heard nothing, so\\nreturned to Dr. Mason and camped. The doctor\\nwas dreadfully afraid of hostile Indians, and Baggott\\nwas worse, appealing every moment in most piteous\\ntones to the Blessed Virgin and all the howly saints\\nto protect him. He went out and staked the\\nhorses, but somehow staked them so that the ropes\\ncrossed. We had not been long in our blankets\\nbefore some mountain sheep came and stampeded\\nthe horses. We discovered next morning what\\nanimals they were from their tracks. Poor Bag-\\ngot was too terrified to yell. He sat up on his\\nblankets and fervently prayed to the Howly Saint\\nPeter and the Blessed Howly Mother to save him\\nfrom being scalped alive. When I got out to the\\nhorses I found them pretty badly mixed up, and\\nhad to cut the ropes ere they could be straightened\\nout. Then Dr. Mason wished me to come and\\nsleep by him with the gun in my hand.\\nNext morning we decided to go back to the\\nwater in Havasu Creek and stay until Scott and\\nHurd came back. We left bedding, provisions, and\\nwater at the camp, and a note saying where we had\\ngone, and then started on the twenty-five miles\\nreturn. It was night-time when we reached the\\nplace, but just light enough to see that the water\\nwas covered with ducks, some of which we killed.\\nThe following morning I made a pot-pie while\\nMason and Baggott slept, and then, when they\\narose, we three sat around it and were enjoying\\nthe delicacy when we heard a horse coming. Look-\\ning up, there stood an Indian before us and an-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0251.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "i86\\nIN AND AROUND\\nother one following. I grabbed my gun and the\\ndoctor his, while Baggott hollered and then fainted.\\nI held my gun as if to fire, when the Indian stopped\\nme by raising his hands and showing me that he\\nhad no gun. Then I lowered mine and went up\\nNear where McKinney was found by the Havasupais.\\nto him. He gave me his hand, and when we had\\nshaken hands I motioned him from his horse, and\\ninvited him to eat.\\nThe other Indian was his son, a lad of some\\ntwelve or fourteen years. After he had had a\\nhearty repast he began to talk, which of course\\nwe did not understand, and to make marks in the\\nsand, which latter, combined with his gestures, soon\\ninformed us that the Havasupais had found Scott", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0252.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 187\\nand Hurd, nearly dead, and, at their request had\\nguided them back to the camp, where they earnestly\\nrequested us to return and fetch them. As well as\\nI was able I asked about McKinney, a third man\\nwho was lost some time previous. To my joy, the\\nIndian explained that he also was found, and, thrust-\\ning his tongue out of his mouth and rolling his\\neyes, he indicated the fearful condition of distress\\nin which the poor fellow was discovered. After\\nhe had rested with the Indians for three days,\\nand had been most hospitably entertained, feasting\\non their peaches, which were ripe at the time,\\nthe Havasupais had sent him back by way of the\\nBlack Tank Trail to Williams in the company of\\ntwo prospectors who had been in their canyon.\\nThis Indian had helped care for him, and had not\\nonly loaned him a horse, but had given him a\\nblanket and provisions, for which McKinney had\\npromised him a good army overcoat, which he was\\nnow on his way to Williams for. The doctor s\\nhorse being lame and he too sick to go back to the\\ncanyon, and his fear of the Indian considerably\\nreduced after hearing of the treatment of McKin-\\nney and the others, he decided to go on with him\\nto Williams, while Baggott and I started back. On\\nthe return trip Baggott lost two blankets one\\nof Scott s and one of Hurd s through his careless\\nfailure to properly cinch his horse s saddle. He\\nwent back to find them, but failed to do so. In his\\ndistress at what he expected of the anger of Scott\\nand Hurd, he said, Shure, and what 11 I do .f*\\nWith a laugh of sarcasm I suggested, Tell them\\nyou threw them down into the canyon wrapped", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0253.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "1 88 IN AND AROUND\\naround some provisions. The suggestion de-\\nlighted Baggott. Begorra, that s fvvhat I 11 do.\\nHere let me anticipate my story a little just to\\nsay that this was exactly the yarn Baggott told when\\nthe two men discovered the absence of their blan-\\nkets. Fwhat! exclaimed he, didn t ye tell Bass\\nand me to throw you some provisions wrapped up\\nin a blanket And did n t I wrap up a jack rabbit\\nin the one, and a loaf of bread in the other, and\\nthrow them down the canyon to you? And to\\nthis day, as far as I know, the Justice and his com-\\npanion know nothing to the contrary.\\nNow to resume the thread of the narrative.\\nWhen Baggott and I reached the camp neither Scott\\nnor Hurd were in sight. Going down to the water\\nhole to find them, I met Scott coming alone.\\nYou re a nice man, you are, sent out to trail\\nme to death and never to say a word to me about\\nit, was the salutation I met him with. He turned\\npaler than his privations had made him as he re-\\nplied I had to promise those fellows in Williams\\nthat I would be responsible for your return or they\\nwould never have let you leave town. They would\\nhave hung you there and then\\nBelieving that perhaps he spoke the truth I left\\nhim, and went on to meet Hurd. As he approached\\nI levelled my revolver on him and said Before you\\ncome another step farther up this trail I m going\\nto find out who sent you on this trip and what they\\nsent you for! He began to stammer out some lie\\nor other, but I stopped him. It s no use your\\nlying. You came here to trail me to my death.\\nI ve got the drop on you. Now tell me all about", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0254.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 189\\nit, and tell me quick. Without further hesitation\\nhe named over the men who had sent him. They\\nsaid I had undoubtedly murdered McKinney, and\\nhe was to come and find the body and help bring\\nme back to Williams to suffer for the crime.\\nWhat did you find out I asked.\\nThat all you said was true, and if it had n t\\nbeen for the Injuns we d have lost our lives, Scott\\nand me. We found a squaw gathering prickly\\npears we were without food and water. I could n t\\nfollow no trail down there, and I wanted to go back\\nlong before, only Scott would n t let me. Just be-\\nfore I seed the squaw, I thought I was dying, and\\nI besfSfed her to Q:et me some awa, but she no\\nsabbied. I took hold of her olla, but there was no\\nwater in it, but when she seed I wanted water\\nshe fetched us some from a spring. Then she\\ntook us to where there was some ponies, and we\\ncatched them, and she showed us the way to the\\nvillage, and the next day the Injuns brought us up\\nhere.\\nThat was the man s story.\\nWell, the upshot of the whole thing was, we\\nreturned to Williams, and when I went into the\\nsaloon, there stood McKinney behind the bar. He\\nasked me to drink with him, but I refused. I\\ndon t have to drink with a man like you. You\\nwent off and left me, and never even thought it\\nworth while to send an Indian after me. I might\\nhave starved, or been killed, or worried to death for\\nfear of what had become of you, for aught you would\\nhave cared.\\nWell, said McKinney, I did n t think", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0255.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "190 IN AND AROUND\\nNo I replied, You did n t, and your not\\nthinking nearly got me hung. I ve lost my time\\nand my grub, and did n t get to see the Havasupais\\nafter all. I want nothing more to do with a man\\nlike you.\\nThat night McKinney took the train and left,\\nand has never been seen here since. The boys\\nwent in and joked him so, as soon as they knew\\nthe facts, that he thought he had better clear out.\\nThat, sir, was my first attempt to reach the Hava-\\nsupai village.\\nMy next attempt was more successful. I went\\nthe following March with a man named Miller, and\\nit was on that trip that I met Tom, the second chief\\nof the tribe. Tom took me to his ha-wa, and to\\na mine that I asked him to show me. He was\\ntaken sick while I was there, and I gave him some\\nmedicine that helped him. He said, White man s\\nmedicine heap good. Havasupai medicine no\\ngood. He took a liking to me, and said he d come\\nand see me the next time he came to Williams.\\nHe did so, and I returned to the canyon with him,\\nand many times after that we went in or out to-\\ngether. He made the other Indians friendly to me,\\nas you know they are. On one of my earliest trips\\nhe took me to the Grand Canyon, and from that\\nmoment my interest in it at that spot has grown,\\nfor I immediately saw the great scenic advantages\\nthis portion possessed over every other that I had\\nseen.\\nMy first trip to the Grand Canyon was in the\\nfall of 1883. I was following some wild cattle in\\nthe neighborhood of Rain Tanks, and, riding after", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0256.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 191\\nthem at full speed, came out of the timber all of a\\nsudden upon the very brink of the Canyon. It\\nnearly scared me to death.\\nThen, later on that same year, as I was going\\nfrom Flagstaff to the Moenkopie Wash, to trade\\nwith the Moki Indians, I fell in with Major\\nMiner and his party for a few hours, as they were\\nblazing the trail to the Canyon, which was since\\nlargely followed in the construction of the Flag-\\nstaff stage road.\\nA visit was made to the Canyon then and later,\\ndown the Tanner-French trail, as related in the\\nchapter devoted to that trail.\\nMr. Bass s interest in the Havasupai Indians once\\naroused, it was ever after exercised as it still is\\non their behalf. He began to work with his accus-\\ntomed energy and directness to interest the Indian\\ndepartment to establish a school and send a teacher\\nand farmer to Havasu Canyon to teach the Hava-\\nsupais good citizenship and good farming. I was\\npresent when, ten years ago. Agent McCowan was\\nsent out as a Special Commissioner by the depart-\\nment, 7iot to establish a school in their own canyon, as\\nthe Indians desired and Mr. Bass had suggested, but\\nto induce the Havasupai chiefs and heads of families\\nto send their children to the Indian School at Fort\\nMohave. Elsewhere I have described the way this\\noffer was received and refused. But though the\\nHavasupais rejected this offer, it was Mr. Bass s kind\\nefforts in their behalf that had secured it to them,\\nand he it was who patiently and persistently worked\\nfor what was ultimately attained, a teacher, a\\nschoolhouse, and a farmer of their own.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0257.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "192 IN AND AROUND\\nWhen he first visited them their universal cus-\\ntom was to burn their dead, destroying at the same\\ntime some of the most valuable property and pos-\\nsessions of the deceased. It was Mr. Bass s in-\\nfluence upon Tom and the other Indian leaders that\\nled to their change of this custom. I have been\\npresent several times when Tom has lectured or\\nharangued his fellows on the extravagant and useless\\nwaste of their cremation customs and urged them\\nto follow the advice of their white friend, Bass, and\\nbury their dead. When the Havasupais agreed to\\nfollow the white man s custom, the news was carried\\nto the relative Wallapais by the medicine men, who\\nwere opposed to the innovation. They thought it\\nmeant a subversion of their power, and a bringing\\nof their dynasty to a speedy end, so they stirred\\nup the chiefs and medicine men of the Wallapais,\\nwho paid a visit to their cousins of Havasu to\\nconfer with them and endeavor to lead them back\\nto the time-honored customs of their ancestors.\\nDances and pow-wows were held, and such excite-\\nment reigned that even the white men of the mining\\nregion near and in Kingman heard of it, and, dread-\\ning lest some attack upon the whites was being\\nplanned, they sent peace messengers to find out\\nwhat was the matter. These were returned with\\nthe messafje to the white men to mind their own\\nbusiness. They were considering how to dispose\\nof their dead, and that was an affair that concerned\\nthemselves alone. In spite of dances and argu-\\nments the progressive party, led by Tom, largely\\nprevailed, and cremation received its first great blow\\namong the Havasupais. Mr. R. C. Bauer, of the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0258.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n193\\nIndian Service, continued the good work thus begun,\\nuntil now interment is the rule and cremation the\\nexception.\\nAs a token of the great esteem in which he held\\nhis white brother, Chief Tom presented Mr. Bass\\nwith the finest Indian pony in the possession of the\\nW. W. Bass and his Indian Pony, Silver.\\ntribe. Silver, though growing old, is still an hon-\\nored member of Mr. Bass s equine family, and he\\nmay consider himself specially favored who is per-\\nmitted at any time to ride Tom s gift.\\nThat Mr. Bass has not outworn his Indian friend-\\nship, is evidenced from the facts I have observed\\nagain and again when he visits Havasupai Canyon.\\nThe Indians will come to meet him, and, on his\\n13", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0259.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "194 IN AND AROUND\\narrival, a perfect crowd of men, women, and children\\ncome around to give him a word of welcome, and\\nhear his welcome to them. His horses are taken\\nto the best pastures, and the fruit picked from the\\nbest peach trees, and the finest corn gathered for\\nthe occasion. Indians of any tribe are not in the\\nhabit of treating other than those they know to be\\ntheir friends in this demonstrative manner.\\nHis endeavors to make the Canyon accessible at\\nthe points his judgment deemed most attractive\\nhave cost him many thousands of dollars, years of\\nherculean labors, harassing worries, and dreadful\\nprivations, that would have daunted and disheart-\\nened almost any other man. He had a wagon road\\nsurveyed and built from Williams, and, when he\\nfound an easier grade and better conditions from\\nAshfork, he made thirty-five miles of new road to\\nconnect with his Williams road midway to the Can-\\nyon, starting from the new point, Ashfork. The\\nWilliams road, and the regular stage which he ran\\nover it, were the first set in operation to accommo-\\ndate tourists.\\nTo provide against the dry season of Arizona,\\nwhen water for stock and personal use is of the\\nhighest importance, he has constructed dams in\\nHavasu Creek, blasted out a number of cisterns in\\nthe solid surface rock, and has now stored in his\\nreservoirs or cisterns hundreds of thousands of\\nbarrels of water. There is no enterprise of its kind\\nin this semi-barren country so well provided with\\nwater as are the stage stations, hotel camps, and\\ntrails in the Canyon controlled by Mr. Bass.\\nThe Mystic Spring Trail, though reaching into", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0260.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 195\\nthe Canyon, where the Havasupais for centuries\\nhave been constant visitors, is, practically, of Mr.\\nBass s engineering and construction. From the\\nlower plateau to the river, he both engineered and\\nconstructed it at great expense and labor. The\\ntrail as a whole, as elsewhere described, I regard as\\nthe finest in the Canyon, and one down which man,\\nwoman, or child may ride almost every foot of the\\nway with perfect safety.\\nOne would have thought these were abundant\\nlabors for any man who had his own living to\\nmake, but Mr. Bass has been public spirited\\nenough several times to set in motion national\\nlegislation for the benefit of the Grand Canyon or\\nthe people of Arizona. Noticing the serious injury\\nto the water supply of the territory limited at its\\nbest caused by the unrestricted cutting of the\\ntimber, he personally circulated a petition (in which\\nwork I had the honor to be able somewhat to assist\\nhim) calling upon the Secretary of the Interior to\\ndeclare certain named portions of the territory\\ntimber reserves. This effort was successful, and\\nthe San Francisco Forest Reserve was duly estab-\\nlished. Then, when the miners of the territory\\ncomplained that the Forest Reserve law precluded\\nthe possibility of their continuing their search for\\nthe precious minerals in the Grand Canyon, he suc-\\ncessfully circulated another petition, which had its\\ndue effect in setting in motion the change in, or\\naddition to, the law, which now permits all legitimate\\nmining upon United States Government Forest\\nReserves.\\nIt should not be forgotten that to Mr. Bass is", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0261.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "196 IN AND AROUND\\nowing the correction of an error that for years was\\nperpetrated by the mendacity of the Flagstaff\\nguides. That was that the Point Sublime of Cap-\\ntain Dutton was seen from Navaho, Ute, Co-\\nmanche, and Paiuti Points, when, in reality, the\\npoint thus designated was Cape Final. Even such\\na careful writer as Charles Dudley Warner was led\\ninto the error of stating that the point where we\\nstruck the Grand Canyon, approaching it from the\\nsouth, is opposite the promontory in the Kaibab\\nPlateau named Point Sublime by Major Powell,\\njust north of the 36th parallel, and 112 degrees, 15\\nminutes west longitude.\\nThis passage contains two misstatements. Point\\nSublime is not in sight at any of the outlooks\\nreached from Flagstaff, and it was given that name\\nby Captain Dutton and not by Major Powell.\\nPoint Sublime is to be seen from Hopi Point,\\nand is slightly to the right of Havasupai Point,\\nacross the river.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0262.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "o\\nOh\\nu\\nH", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0263.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0264.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 197\\nCHAPTER XVn\\nTHE SHINUMO AND ITS ANCIENT INHABITANTS\\nLOOKING clown from Bass Camp, across the\\nriver, slightly to the left of the Tilts, the\\ninterested observer will notice a small o^ash in\\nthe rocks, coming down from the Gray and Crim-\\nson Ridsfes to the heart of the Inner Gors^e. This\\ngash is the lower portion of the gorge of the Shin-\\numo Creek, one of the most beautiful streams of\\nwater that flow into the Colorado River. Alto-\\ngether unlike the streams that enter from the south\\nside, as the Little Colorado and the Havasu\\n(Cataract) Creek, the northern creeks that come\\nfrom the high forest regions of the Kaibab Plateau,\\nor from canyon springs that have their origin in\\nthe deep snows that fall on that elevated region in\\nwinter, are clear, pure, and beautiful from source to\\nmouth, while those that flow from south to north\\nare muddy and dirty. Necessarily, during stormy\\nweather, the north creeks, becoming charged with\\nsand and dirt, and decomposing minerals and rocks,\\nchange their character, and for the time are almost\\nas dirty as the Little Colorado, but a few hours\\nafter the storms have ceased they speedily return to\\ntheir pristine freshness and beauty.\\nFor many years I have been hearing of the beauty\\nof the Shinumo, the purity of its waters, the charm", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0265.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "198 IN AND AROUND\\nof its willow-fringed creek, the interest of its cliff-\\ndwellings and prehistoric irrigating ditches and\\ngardens, and fascinating but repulsive the\\nstories of human selfishness, murder, and cannibal-\\nism that have desecrated its beauties and native\\nsanctity. Several years ago, an Indian brought out\\nfrom one of the cliff-dwellings an exquisitely shaped\\nlarge olla, fashioned exactly after one of the common\\noriental patterns. It was perfect in every way.\\nMr. Bass purchased it, and it now holds a promi-\\nnent place in the ancient pottery department of\\nMrs. T. S. C. Lowe s museum, in Pasadena, Cali-\\nfornia.\\nThese things necessarily sharpened my desires to\\nfully explore this interesting Shinumo Canyon, and\\nin August and September of 1899 I determined to\\ngive a few days to a preliminary survey. My time,\\nunfortunately, was limited, so it is of but a small\\nportion of the Shinumo I can write from personal\\nknowledge.\\nLeaving Bass Camp, the trail is taken to Bed\\nRock Camp, and from there a side trail leads to the\\nriver crossing. Here was a rude boat, roughly\\nmade of rougher lumber, and the seams everywhere\\nopen, in cracks one-eighth of an inch in thickness.\\nThe only calking materials we had were pieces of\\ncotton clothes-line, and with these the rude punt\\nwas made a litUe less leaky. After a few hours\\nsoaking Dad and I ventured. The roar of the near-\\nby rapids below, and the swift flowing of the cur-\\nrent, nerved my arms to their best endeavor as I\\npulled steadily at the oars. We made the trip\\nacross with comparative ease. After unloading the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0266.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n199\\nbedding, provisions, tools, camera, etc., we towed\\nthe boat up to a point considerably higher than the\\nlanding place on the south side, where our two com-\\npanions awaited the return of the boat with interest,\\nnot unmixed with anxiety. But by this time the\\nCrossing thk Colorado River to the Shinumo.\\npunt held over a foot of water, and this had to be\\nbaled out. At last we were ready. A squall w^as\\nthreatening, and the wind came in fitful gusts and\\nflurries down the Canyon, and as we started, one\\nof these flurries caught us in such a way that we\\nshipped considerable water. Then, to add to the\\ndiscomfort, and possible danger, just as I began\\nto pull, one end of my seat slipped from its support,\\nand sent me sliding sideways to the bottom of the\\nboat. But there was neither time nor opportunity", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0267.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "200 IN AND AROUND\\nfor readjustment. The rapids were roaring, the\\nriver flowing, and we gliding down with a rapidity,\\nat that moment, that seemed ahiiost appalhng; so,\\nrighting myself as well as I could, cramped up in\\nthe uncomfortable position that can better be\\nimagined than described, I rowed, while Dad pad-\\ndled, and, in a few minutes, once again we stepped\\nashore in safety.\\nThis time we did n t attempt to bale out the boat.\\nThe four of us ran it high and dry on the rocks, and,\\ntipping it over, thus got rid of the surplus water.\\nAgain we took our seats: Dad, with paddle at\\nbow, one man at the stern, and the other on a seat\\nbefore me, his knees touching mine. Poor fellow,\\nhis face was pale and his lips quivered, and he held\\non like grim death, but, plucky and brave, never\\nsaid a word or made a move to distress or hinder us.\\nIt was with a deep sigh of pleasure, however, that we\\nreached the north shore in safety, and the perils of\\nthe roaring Hackataia were over.\\nTwo miles over a prehistoric trail, passing one\\nor two ancient ruins, and, crossing over two long\\nstretches of weather-worn boulders where the trail\\nhad been blazed, who knows how many centuries\\nago, by pounding rocks upon rocks, obtaining a\\nglimpse of one of the worst rapids of the Colorado\\nRiver, and finally dropping down over a bluff of\\nshattered metamorphic rocks to the very brink of the\\nShinumo, we found the rude camp which was to be\\nour headquarters for the few following days.\\nAnd what a delicious night s rest I enjoyed\\nLulled by the steady murmur of the stream, not\\na loud, sullen, angry roar, as of the Colorado, but a", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0268.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n20I\\ngentle, soothing babble, accompanied with enough\\nstirring of the air to temper the heat gendered in\\nthe rocks by the ardent wooing of the sun during\\nthe day, I could not have failed to rest, although I\\nhad no other pillow than a judicious combination of\\ncamera-case, shoes,\\noveralls, and focus-\\nsine: cloth, and one\\ncomforter and a\\nblanket for a bed. I\\nslept soundl y and\\nawoke refreshed,\\nready to begin a\\nstudy of the Shinumo,\\nwhich I hope I shall\\nbe able before long to\\ncontinue.\\nThe Shinumo is\\nfrom twelve to fifteen\\nmiles in length. It\\nhas two upper forks,\\none of which heads\\nbehind Bass Tomb,\\nand the other to the northeast in a canyon of the\\nShinumo Amphitheatre, the rich green of which can\\nbe seen clearly from any of the points near Bass\\nCamp on the south side. These two forks unite at\\nthe corner of Shaler Pyramid. The stream con-\\ntinues south for a distance, curves to the west, and\\nflows between Bass Tomb and Dox Castle, to be\\nshortly joined by White Creek, a small stream that\\nwinds around in Muav Canyon from beyond Button\\nPoint to add its water to the Shinumo slightly to\\nCopyright, 1899, by F. H. Maude.\\nRocky Pillar at the Mouth\\nOF THE Shinumo.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0269.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "202\\nIN AND AROUND\\nthe northeast of the Gray and Crimson Ridges. It is\\nabout two miles from here to Bass s Shinumo Camp,\\nand another mile to the junction with the Colorado\\nRiver, where, unfortunately, its sweet, pure, clean\\nwater is immediately lost in the sandy, dirty Red.\\nOn the Shinumo.\\nAll alono; its banks from river to hiirhest reaches\\nare constant evidences of early human occupancy.\\nA few yards above Shinumo Camp is a heap of\\nruins similar to those found throughout Arizona\\nand New Mexico, showing clearly that they were\\nonce human residences. Near here the remains of\\nan ancient irrigating ditch were found, which since\\nhave been utilized to convey water to a prehis-\\ntoric garden. In the rocks to the right of this", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0270.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n203\\ngarden, which is about a quarter of a mile below\\nthe camp, are two interesting and curious little\\nfood caches. These are circular structures, built\\nexactly after the general plan of cliff -dwellings, in\\nsuitable niches of the rocks, but of so tiny and\\ndiminutive a character as to have puzzled beyond\\nany hope of explanation those earliest wanderers\\ninto such hidden regions, the gold prospectors.\\nAll the w^ay up the canyon similar food caches may\\nbe found, some of them in places that, to-day, are\\nabsolutely inaccessible, others where a little climb-\\ning can comfortably reach them. These are similar,\\nin size, build, and general appearance, to those found\\nin Havasu (Cataract) Canyon, and which the Hava-\\nsupais explain were used by their long-time-back\\nancestors as corn storehouses. Mescal pits are\\nalso found in large numbers, showing that the\\ngathering of the mescal, macerating, and cooking it,\\nwere here carried on extensively.\\nThe Indians tell me that on the northeast fork\\nare a large number of cliff-dwellings, also a few in\\nthe Canyon of the Bright Angel. The latter Major\\nPowell discovered and briefly described.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0271.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "204\\nIN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XVIII\\nPEACH SPRINGS TRAIL\\nTHE nearest point on the Santa Fe main line\\nfrom which the Grand Canyon may be\\nreached is Peach Springs, an insignificant station\\neighty-seven miles\\nwest of Williams, and\\nfour hundred and\\ntwenty-three east of\\nLos Angeles. But\\nthe scenery is so in-\\nferior, compared with\\nthat of any of the\\npoints elsewhere de-\\nscribed, that only\\nwhen it is found im-\\npossible to go to these\\npoints is a visitor jus-\\ntified in seeing the\\nGrand Canyon at a\\nspot where its ma-\\nAx THE Mouth of Diamond Creek jestyand grandeur are\\nIN THE Grand Canyon. i r -i\\nSO dwarfed. Vet this\\nis an historic trail.\\nThe Peach Springs Canyon has been so worked\\nupon that one can drive all the way to the mouth\\nof Diamond Creek, which unites with Peach Springs", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0272.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n205\\nCanyon a very short distance from the river. Lieu-\\ntenant Ives visited the Grand Canyon at this point\\nin 1858, and the following is his description:\\nThis morning (April 3, 1858) we left the valley and\\nfollowed the coarse of a creek down a ravine, in the bed\\nof which the water at intervals sank and rose for two or three\\nmiles, when it altogether disappeared. The ravine soon\\nattained the proportions of a canyon. The bottom was\\nrocky and irregular, and there were some jump-ofifs over\\nwhich it was hard to make the pack animals pass. The\\nvegetation began to disappear, leaving only a few stunted\\ncedars projecting from the sides of the rugged bluffs.\\nThe place grew wilder and grander. The sides of the\\ntortuous canyon became loftier, and before long we were\\nhemmed in by walls two thousand feet high. The scenery\\nmuch resembled that in the Black Canyon, excepting that\\nthe rapid descent, the increasing magnitude of the colossal\\npiles that blocked the end of the vista, and the correspond-\\ning depth and gloom of the gaping chasms into which we\\nwere plunging, imparted an unearthly character to a way\\nthat might have resembled the portals of the infernal\\nregions. Harsh screams issuing from aerial recesses in\\nthe canyon sides, and apparitions of goblin-like figures\\nperched in the rifts and hollows of the impending cliffs,\\ngave an odd reality to this impression. At short distances\\nother avenues of equally magnificent proportions came\\nin from one side or the other; and no trail being left on\\nthe rocky pathway, the idea suggested itself that were the\\nguides to desert us our experience might further resemble\\nthat of the dwellers in the unblest abodes, in the difficulty\\nof getting out.\\nHuts of the rudest construction, visible here and there\\nin some sheltered niche or beneath a projecting rock,\\nand the sight of a hideous old squaw staggering under\\na bundle of fuel, showed that we had penetrated into the\\ndomestic retreats of the Wallapais nation. Our party", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0273.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "2o6\\nIN AND AROUND\\nbeing, in all probability, the first company of whites that\\nhad ever been seen by them, we had anticipated producing\\na great effect, and were a little chagrined when the old\\nwoman, and two or three others of both sexes that were\\nmet, went by without taking the slightest notice of us. If\\npack-trains had been in the habit of passing twenty times\\nPowell Pyramid at the Foot of Peach Springs Trail.\\na day they could not have manifested a more complete\\nindifference.\\nSeventeen miles of this strange travel had now been ac-\\ncomplished. The road was becoming more difficult, and\\nwe looked ahead distrustfully into the dark and apparently\\ninterminable windings, and wondered where we were to find\\na camping place. At last we struck a wide branch canyon\\ncoming in from the south, and saw with joyful surprise\\na beautiful and brilliantly clear stream of water gushing\\nover a pebbly bed in the centre, and shooting from between\\nthe rocks in sparkling jets and miniature cascades. On", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0274.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 207\\ncither side was an oasis of verdure, young willows and a\\nthick patch of grass. Camp was speedily formed, and men\\nand mules have had a welcome rest after their fatiguing\\njourney.\\nA hundred yards below the camp the canyon takes a\\nturn but as it was becoming very dark, all further ex-\\naminations were postponed till to-morrow. In the course\\nof the evening Ireteba came into my tent, and I asked him\\nhow far we had still to travel before reaching the great river.\\nTo my surprise he informed me that the mouth of the creek\\nis only a few yards below the turn, and that we are now\\ncamped just on the verge of the Big Canyon of the Colorado.\\nA short walk down the bed of Diamond Creek, on the\\nmorning after we had reached it, verified the statement\\nof Ireteba, and disclosed the famous Colorado canyon.\\nThe view from the ridge, beyond the creek to which the\\nWallapais had first conducted us, had shown that the\\nplateaux farther north and east were several thousand feet\\nhigher than that through which the Colorado cuts at this\\npoint, and the canyons proportionally deeper but the\\nscene was sufficiently grand to well repay for the labor of\\nthe descent. The Canyon was similar in character to\\nothers that have been mentioned, but on a larger scale,\\nand thus far unrivalled in grandeur. The course of the\\nriver could be traced for only a few hundred yards, above\\nor below, but what had been seen from the tableland\\nshowed that we were at the apex of a great southern bend.\\nThe walls, on either side, rose directly out of the water.\\nThe river was about fifty yards wide. The channel was\\nstudded with rocks, and the torrent rushed through like\\na mill-race.\\nFor some years an irregular stage was run from\\nPeach Springs, and a rude lumber hotel was erected\\nat the mouth of Diamond Creek for the accommo-\\ndation of visitors to the Canyon. The distance is\\ntwenty-four and a half miles.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0275.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "2o8 IN AND AROUND\\nWhat might have been a most tragic incident oc-\\ncurred from this trail. In October, 1894, Charles L.\\nPotter, First Lieutenant of Engineers, United States\\nArmy, wrote in the hotel register as follows\\nBeing ordered to make an examination of the Colo-\\nrado River from the mouth of the Virgen River to Yuma,\\nI had to choose between two ways to get to the mouth of\\nthe Virgen. To pull up from the Needles, which would\\ntake ten days, or ship ni} boat via Peach Springs to this\\nplace and go down. I have chosen the latter as cheaper\\nand quicker, and I hope it may prove so. The members\\nof my party are M. F. Davis, Lieutenant Fourth Cavalry\\n(out for fun), B. S. Weaver, Needles, and John Golden,\\nNeedles.\\nLater H. S. K. writes, referring to Lieutenant\\nPotter s cheaper and quicker\\nIt proved to be both. Party was shipwrecked seven-\\nteen miles below mouth of Diamond Creek and had to\\nwalk sixty-five miles to Hackberry. They are satisfied to\\ndo their boating on some other river now.\\nLieutenant Davis afterwards described some of\\nthe adventures the party experienced. They had\\ndifficulty in letting the boat down over the first\\nrapids, and then, in accordance with what some one\\nhad told them, who knew less of the river than they\\ndid, they settled down to enjoy seventy-five miles of\\nsmooth water. When nightfall came they had had\\nseveral narrow escapes and had shot fifteen rapids.\\nThe second day was nearly as bad, but the third\\nday proved their Bull Run. They came to a rapid\\nwhere, for a mile, the river changed to a mass of\\nangry, roaring, hissing foam. Emptying the boat.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0276.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 209\\nLieutenant Potter and his two men carried every-\\nthing over a perilous trail to a point below the\\nrapids. This took nearly all day. Then Lieu-\\ntenant Davis, in accordance with the prearranged\\nplan, turned the boat loose and let it shoot the\\nrapid empty and unguided. Ten minutes after he\\nreleased it, it shot by Lieutenant Potter like a race-\\nhorse.\\nThere was no alternative now but to swim or\\nclimb out, so, with provisions, a blanket each and\\nfire-arms, they started, following the trail of a big\\nhorn. He says\\nSometimes our path was one hundred feet wide, some-\\ntimes for one hundred feet we had scarcely six inches to\\ncling to. In the latter situation our sensations were hor-\\nrible. Over one thousand feet below us yawned the black\\nchasm beneath us the rock was treacherous and slippery.\\nIt was always level, always the same dizzy height from the\\nwhite, brawling stream below.\\nFor twenty-two miles we followed this dangerous trail.\\nThen with feelings of joy we emerged upon the Wallapai\\nDesert. We were three days in crossing this. We had\\nplenty of water and provisions, but the men s shoes had\\ngiven out and they suffered greatly from the hot sand and\\nthe cacti. On the third day we reached the railroad and\\nwere taken up.\\nIt was at this point that Robert Brewster Stanton\\nreniained ten days, recuperating and getting sup-\\nplies from the railroad ere proceeding on his peril-\\nous but successful trip. He says that Diamond\\nCreek is fifty-three miles from the mouth of the\\nGrand Canyon.\\n14", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0277.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "2IO\\nIN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XIX\\nLEE S FERRY AND THE JOURNEY THITHER\\nTHE ride from Winslow to Lee s Ferry and the\\nadventures and experiences connected there-\\nwith form one of the great memories of my life.\\n-r^S3-\\ni ^i\\nofyrzght by George Wharton James.\\nOn the Way to Lee s Ferry.\\nI shall not attempt to give them in detail. A few\\nwill give a true picture of an historic section near\\nthe Grand Canyon and the Little Colorado River\\nof which few people have any conception.\\nMy driver to this memorable spot was Franklin\\nFrench, an old pioneer, born in Boston, Massachu-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0278.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 211\\nsetts, whose life had been spent in the West, and\\nwho would have been a character for Dickens or\\nBret Harte. He was good company, especially over\\nthe desert country we had to drive. The first por-\\ntion of the journey I went ahead in another wagon.\\nCrossing Red Lake, dry at this season of the\\nyear, we came to a slough, which ordinarily is dry,\\nbut now was filled up with the fine dust blown in\\nby the never-quiet wind of this region, all moistened\\ninto a soft and yielding mud by a small stream that\\nmade a channel for itself as it sluggishly flowed.\\nJohn, the driver of the first wagon, on the front seat\\nof which I sat with him, was busy at the moment\\nwe reached this treacherous slough, expounding\\nsome mining problems to me, and, expecting the\\nmoist-looking red mud was the coarse sand gen-\\nerally found, and which easily bears up heavily\\nloaded wagon, he recklessly drove on. In a\\nmoment leaders and wheelers were floundering\\ndeep in the quagmire horses wildly leaping and\\nstriving to extricate themselves, the mules wisely\\nresting as they fell, waiting until the slush around\\nthem settled somewhat. In the mean time John\\nand myself slipped off all our nether garments and\\njumped into the yielding mud to release the\\nanimals from the harness. As soon as they were\\nfree, it was not many moments before they stood\\non the opposite side of the slough. A chain and\\ndouble-trees were now brought from the rear wagon,\\nfastened to the end of our submerged wagon-pole,\\nthe four animals harnessed, and John took the\\nlines!\\nReader, do you know what those six exclamation", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0279.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "212 IN AND AROUND\\npoints mean Did you ever hear an Arizona\\npioneer drive mules? especially when he was\\nmad More especially when his wagon was stuck\\nin such a horrible mess as we had fallen into Most\\nespecially when for his nether garments was sub-\\nstituted a coatinor of red mud an inch thick?\\nIn my varied experiences I have heard skilled\\nartists in profanity, but compared with this man\\nthey were but in the kindergarten, and he a classi-\\ncal scholar, familiar with the profanity of the ages\\nin all tongues.\\nAnd how those mules did pull With that sul-\\nphurous stream of expletives striking them with\\nfull force, accompanied by vigorous thwacks of\\na wire-loaded black-snake, it was not long before\\nthe wagon and its precious freight were safe on\\nthe other side. In apologizing for his vigorous\\nprofanity, John explained that nothing but swearing\\nwould make mules pull when in such a place, and,\\nsaid he, While I was ashamed to use such lan-\\nguage in your presence, nothing but the Simon-\\npure article does with these yere chaps.\\nBeing safe and secure, I felt constrained to ex-\\ncuse him, and serene, though muddy, our caravan\\nproceeded, the other wagon making a short detour\\naround the head of the slough, and thus avoiding\\nall trouble.\\nIn a few more miles we reached the banks of\\nthe Rio Colorado Chiquito. The only road was\\none made by the cowboys, and of all the Chinese\\npuzzles of a road it would outwit the celestial\\ninventor of the most bewildering razzle-dazzle to\\nconstruct another equal to this. We moved in", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0280.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 213\\nevery direction, made acute angles, oblique angles,\\nand described curves of every order, several times\\nretracing our steps for long distances towards\\nWinslow. In despair I was about to give up the\\nhope of ever reaching the crossing, when John\\nnerved me to a few more moments waiting, with\\nthe assurance that we were nearly there.\\nWe reached and crossed the dirty red stream at\\nlast, and there made our first noon camp.\\nIn order to test the muddy cjualities of the\\nstream, and also to enjoy a swim, if one were\\npossible, one of the gentlemen and myself deter-\\nmined to undress and enter the river. One plunge\\nconvinced us of the vast amount of matter it held in\\nsolution, and the swift current decided for us the\\nquestion of swimming. We were compelled to\\nstrike out, and make for the other bank, walk back\\non a mud flat, and then recross to where our clothes\\nwere. As we emerged we found ourselves fairly\\ncoated with a fine red paint, which nothing but\\nplenty of clean water would remove. This we did\\nnot have, so scraping with sticks the fine mud off as\\nwell as we were able, we dressed, and rejoined the\\nparty, who were now about ready to proceed.\\nFor a long way our route lay alongside the Little\\nColorado River. We passed on the west side of\\nVolz s Crossing where once I had a party de-\\nlayed for nearly two days, owing to a ten-feet rise\\nin the river during the night on to Wolf s\\nCrossing and Trading Post, and in turn passed\\nBlack and Grand Falls. Black Falls, in reality, is\\nbut a long stretch of slight cascades, the river-bed\\nformed of and filled with rough boulders of lava", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0281.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "214 IN AND AROUND\\nand basic rock, so that the muddy red waters are\\nchurned into creamy foam for the distance of nearly\\nhalf a mile, and thus set off in contrast the black of\\nthe rocks. The scene is not unlike that of the upper\\ncataracts of the Nile, but on a reduced scale. Grand\\nFalls is more of a genuine waterfall, but unless it\\nis in flood time, there is not enough water to cover\\nthe width of the crest of the precipice over which\\nit dashes, and thus make an effective scene. In\\nflood time, however, it is a miniature Niagara.\\nAll along the banks of this stream, variously\\nknown as the Flax River, the Salt River (the\\nHavasupais still speak of it as the Salt River,\\nbecause here their Hopi friends used to obtain\\nsalt), the Colorado Chiquito, and its English equiva-\\nlent, the Little Colorado, are the ruins of a large\\nnumber of homes of people who, long ages ago, here\\nfound shelter from worse enemies than the barren-\\nness of a desert, enemies whose fierce hostility\\nled them to seek protection in caves and cliffs and\\ndesert places of this character. What a piteous\\nlife it must have been! Nothing grand, picturesque,\\nor beautiful to soothe the horror and awfulness of\\nit fearful of the attacks of blood-thirsty and persist-\\nent foes, both by day and by night in a region\\nwhere nothing could grow the dumping ground of\\nvolcanoes, and fired and scorched by pitiless lava\\nflows, I never picture the life of those wretched,\\nhunted people of the past but a sob of pity rises\\nwithin me, and tears well up in my eyes.\\nAnd to give vividness to the horror, every time\\nI have crossed this desert I have been caught in a\\ndreadful storm. On this occasion it was such a", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0282.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n215\\none as I had never seen before, and I hope I may\\nnever see again. From pure cobalt or rich tur-\\nquoise blue the sky gradually changed to ashen\\ngray, then lowering black, and then fiery red.\\nClouds were drifting in from the north. When the\\nIx THE Boxing of the Little Colorado.\\nlightning began it was on three sides, and all at\\nonce a wild, fierce glare everywhere. Occasionally\\nthese sheets of lightning were followed by vindictive\\nzigzag flashes, which in the north struck from zenith\\nto nadir. By this time the wind was blowing a\\nperfect hurricane, and the thunder rolled fiercely in\\naccompaniment to the wild raging of the wind.\\nBut these w^ere only premonitions For an hour\\nor more they continued, the Storm King lashing\\nhimself into greater and greater fury, until, all at", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0283.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "21 6 IN AND AROUND\\nonce, his fierce anger become uncontrollable, and\\nthe crisis came. The heavens split wide afar, the\\nflood-gates were opened, and down came many-\\nwaters. Not in drops did the rain descend, nor\\ntorrents even, but in rivers, in Niagaras The hills\\nwere water-washed everywhere, and deep canyons\\nwere cut even into solid rock. With such a tempest\\ntwice a year even, gathering rills into streams,\\nstreams into rivers, rolling with fierce rapidity over\\nthe rocky slopes, the water charged with sand, pos-\\nsibly stones, and, as the velocity increases, large\\nfragments of rock, there is no wonder that this\\nwhole country is barren and cut, sawed, seamed,\\nand scarred, and made as rugged in face and feature\\nas the hero of a hundred desperate hand to hand\\nbattles. It seems as if the evil powers of nature\\nconcentrated all their fury, deadly hatred, and most\\nawful vindictiveness in this corner, an area of\\nperhaps one hundred miles in circumference, for\\nin summer it is blazing with tropic heat, in the\\nfall delusfed with friohtful floods, in winter cursed\\nwith cutting snow blizzards, and in spring the scene\\nof dire battles fought with fierce winds laden with\\nblinding: sand. Hence, at all times it is desolate\\nand accursed. And he is wise unless he be a\\ntrue explorer and investigator, willing to endure\\nall hardships in his chosen work who shuns\\ncloser acquaintance with its awful desolation, wind-\\nswept wastes, and water-cut surface.\\nThis barren desolation continues as far as Wil-\\nlow Spring, a Navaho Indian trading store. Near-\\nby a number of hogans may be seen, where the\\nwomen are hard at work at their looms, weaving", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0284.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 217\\nblankets. Two or three of these weavers have\\nconsiderable skill and ability, and some of the fin-\\nest blankets of the tribe are made here.\\nThis is the nearest settlement of any kind to the\\njunction of the Little Colorado River with the\\nGrand Canyon. It was undoubtedly by Willow\\nCopyright, 1898, by George ll /inrtott James.\\nInterior of Navaho Hogan.\\nSpring that Cardenas with his handful of soldiers\\nwas led by the crafty Hopis, who did not wish the\\nSpaniards to obtain too favorable an impression of\\nthe Colorado River region, or gain access to their\\nbeds of salt near the junction of the lesser and\\ngreater rivers. No other presumption can account\\nfor their not being guided by the Hopis down the\\nold Salt Trail to which reference will be made\\nin a later chapter to the very edge of the water.\\nPoor Cardenas! thou and thy thirsty soldiers are\\nnot the only ones who have been misguided by", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0285.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "21 8 IN AND AROUND\\nwily and suspicious Indians, or deceived by their\\nconstant protestations of good faith.\\nThis corner of country near the mouth of the\\nLittle Colorado River is seamed with canyons,\\nravines, and gulches. It is a genuine Beled-el-\\nateuch land of thirst and may well be desig-\\nnated an interminable country of desolation.\\nThere is no water for miles, and except immedi-\\nately after a rain-storm, when water is caught in a\\nfew natural rock pockets, or during the storms of\\nwinter, when patches of snow may be found, it is\\nimpossible to get even an Indian, used to the\\nsandy deserts in Arizona, to ride across it, much\\nless undertake to guide a stranger over its waterless\\nand pathless miles.\\nIn looking over the country from Echo Reef,\\none sees a thousand hills of all sizes and materials,\\nsandstone, sandy clay, blue marl, and the rock,\\ncut, washed, scarred, and carved by all the uninter-\\nrupted forces of nature, that in such places as these\\nseem to enjoy their work of creating desolation.\\nIf one follows the windings of the Little Colo-\\nrado River, about sixty miles of walled-in, boxed-up\\ncanyon are presented, every mile of it grand,\\nstupendous, overpowering. During the dry season,\\nthe upper portion of this canyon is almost dry,\\noften entirely so, the light flows of water from\\nthe sources in the Arizona White Mountains dis-\\nappearing in the sand and gravel soon after their\\nappearance. But about twenty miles from the\\njunction of the Little Colorado River wath the\\nmain Colorado River, nearly parallel with Kohonino\\nPoint, there flows out a large body of water at the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0286.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n219\\nbase of the canyon wall that makes a stream of\\nconsiderable size. This water is strongly impreg-\\nnated with mineral, and is blue in appearance, and\\nwhen free from the mud and filth of the upper\\nMineral Spring in the Canyon of the Little\\nColorado.\\nwaters of the Little Colorado, offers an unspeak-\\nably beautiful spectacle as it flows on to join the\\nwaters of the great river below. There has been\\nmuch conjecture as to the source of this large\\nstream. I am satisfied, from extended observation\\non the Kohonino Plateau, between the Little Colo-\\nrado Canyon and the San Francisco Mountains,\\nthat it has its rise in the water-soaked slopes of\\nthe latter. Indeed, in several places I have found\\nholes in the rock on this plateau, into which the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0287.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "220 IN AND AROUND\\nwind was sucked with great velocity, so much so\\nthat on tearing up slips of paper and placing them\\nwithin reach of this in-sucking current, they im-\\nmediately disappeared. I can only account for this\\nsuction by the flowing of a strong current of water\\nunderneath.\\nIt was a weary drive from Willow Spring to Lee s\\nFerry. One night the horses got away and started\\nback for water. Poor French had to follow them\\nsixteen miles before he caught them, and the day\\nwas nearly gone when at last we made a start, to\\ntravel but five miles ere we camped again.\\nIn approaching Lee s Ferry from the south side,\\nthere is little or no premonition of the great\\nbreak in the canyon walls which makes the ferry\\npossible. Ever since we left Willow Spring, we\\nwere really in a portion of the great canyon, for\\nEcho Reef, on our right, had gradually been rising\\nhigher and higher, while, far away, on what we knew,\\nalthough we could not see, was the opposite side\\nof the river, was the stratum with its face of precip-\\nitous bluffs corresponding with Echo Reef, actually\\nmaking a vast upper canyon many miles wide.\\nBut as we drove along, even when we were nearing\\nthe ferry, not a sign could be found in the plateau\\nto denote the presence of Marble Canyon. The\\nfirst fifteen or twenty miles from Willow Spring is\\na gentle rise, after which a short ridge is crossed,\\ndotted with struggling pines and junipers, and then\\nbegins a gradual descent, which lasts until the ferry\\nitself is reached. The farther we go the more\\nrough and rocky the road becomes.\\nThe homestead, established by John D. Lee, now", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0288.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n221\\nbelongs to the Mormon Church, and is leased to\\nan elder of the faith named James S. Emet. It is\\nlocated about a mile and a half from the ferry on\\nthe north side of the river. We had to wait a long\\ntime on the south side, owing to our inability to\\nLooking across the Colorado River between the Upper\\nAND Lower Lee s Ferry to the Entrance of Paria\\nCreek Lee s Ferry Ranch House and Ranch also\\nseen.\\nmake the ferryman hear; for, not only was there\\nthe distance to overcome, but the roar of the rapids\\nabove and below the ferry was enough to drown\\nthe noise of anything except artillery, unless the\\nwind was in the right direction. When at last we\\ndid cross, the actual presence of the rapids to our\\nright and left, their fierce, angry, deafening chorus,\\ntogether with the narrow and precipitous walls of", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0289.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "222 IN AND AROUND\\nthe mouth of Marble Canyon close by, made us feel\\nthe necessity of having ferrymen with sturdy arms,\\nvigorous lungs, and a thorough knowledge of their\\nbusiness. Arrived on the other side, it was but the\\nwork of a few minutes for our horses to pull the\\nwagon through the soft sand, to what seemed to\\nour desert-stricken eyes a perfect paradise. There,\\nsurrounded by towering walls, glaring back in bril-\\nliant reds, crimsons, vermilions, greens, oranges,\\nand yellows, was the scene of the arduous labors of\\nthe notorious Lee. Large alfalfa fields, almost\\nequally large vineyards and orchards of apples, pears,\\npeaches, plums, cherries, etc., and a vegetable garden\\nstocked with thriving potatoes, squash, beans, toma-\\ntoes, melons, and everything that one could desire,\\nthe whole irrigated with water diverted from the\\nParia Creek, had taken the place of the sandy waste\\nthat Lee originally found.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0290.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 22\\nCHAPTER XX\\nJOHN D. LEE AND THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS\\nMASSACRE\\nTHE detailed story of Lee s connection with\\nthe Mountain Meadows Massacre is much too\\nlong for these pages, but its outline will show that\\nhis name is associated with the Colorado canyons\\nat several points.\\nWho is there that has not been thrilled with\\nthe horror of the story of the Mountain Meadows\\nMassacre? And what person, who is old enough,\\ndoes not recall the sense of relief that was felt\\nthroughout the civilized world when the authentic\\nnews was circulated that John D. Lee was shot\\nThere was a space of nearly twenty years (Sep-\\ntember, 1857, to March 23, 1S77) between the\\nperpetration of the awful and hideous crime and\\nits avenging. Why\\nVarious answers have been given, but all are\\nmore or less conjecture.\\nIn 1857, a hundred and twenty men, women, and\\nchildren passed through Salt Lake City on their\\nway from Arkansas to California. They met with\\nvarious difificulties from Mormons and Indians, and,\\non reaching southern Utah, were directed to camp\\nat a place known as Mountain Meadows. Here\\nthey were beset by Indians, and Mormons disguised\\nas such, and for days kept in a state of close siege,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0291.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "224 IN AND AROUND\\nuntil water gave out and horrible death seemed\\nimminent. Then Lee and other Mormons waited\\nupon them, and offered to lead them away from\\ndanger, provided they would undertake to return\\nand give tip their arms to please the Indians. In-\\ncredible though it seems, the despondent men, anx-\\nious for the lives and honor of their loved ones,\\nyielded to this preposterous demand, and, under a\\nflag of truce, began to march as they thought\\nto a place of safety. Their line was no sooner\\nstretched out so as to prevent mutual help, when\\nthey were set upon by the fiends who had pledged\\nthemselves to protect them, and every man and\\nwoman, and most of the children, were ruthlessly\\nbutchered in cold blood.\\nWhen the news of this unparalleled atrocity\\nreached the ears of the outside world it was stricken\\nwith horror, followed with a fierce rage which called\\nfor immediate vengeance. The hierarch of the\\nMormon Church was openly accused of being the\\ninstigator of the crime. He denied either knowl-\\nedge of or participation in it, except that a report had\\nbeen made to him by Lee as Indian agent that it\\nwas the work of Indians whose fierce attacks he and\\nother members of the church had sought to restrain.\\nLittle by little the truth began to leak out that,\\nauthorized or unauthorized by the head of their\\nchurch, Mormons were certainly participants in the\\ncrime. Lee was charged with being one of the\\nleaders, and an effort was made to apprehend him.\\nHe escaped, and was gone for three years, none\\nknowing his whereabouts. Then he returned, and\\nestablished the ferry that bears his name. Here J.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0292.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 225\\nHanson Beadle, a noted newspaper correspondent,\\nfound him. Soon the knowledge of his return\\nrenewed the fierce demand for his punishment.\\nAgain an effort was made to arrest him, and again\\nhe escaped. After a short lapse of time he returned\\nto one of his many homes, he had eighteen wives\\nand a correspondingly large number of homes, was\\ncaptured, had two trials, was sentenced to death,\\ntaken out to the scene of the massacre, and there\\nshot.\\nThe attitude of the church is that Lee, for pur-\\nposes of personal plunder, committed the crime, and\\nthat he and his associates alone are responsible.\\nLee claims that he acted under orders, and that\\nwhen he escaped, both the first and second times, it\\nwas because of advices that had reached him secretly\\nfrom Brigham Young. On the occasion of his first\\nescape, he, with three companions who were like-\\nwise accused, fled to a region below Kanab, into\\none of the many side gorges of the Grand Canyon.\\nA Paiuti boy accompanied them. According to\\nthe story Lee afterwards told to one of the chiefs\\nof the Havasupai Indians, they were so driven for\\nfood that, one after another, the boy and two of the\\nmen were slain and eaten. On the Shinumo the\\nbones of an Indian boy have been found, hacked\\nwith a knife, as if for the purpose of removing the\\nflesh. After great struggles and perilous escapes,\\nthe two remaining wretches crossed the Colorado\\nRiver, a little west of the Mystic Spring Trail. One\\nfled to the Wallapai country, and the other, Lee,\\nwhile subsisting upon seeds and desert plants, was\\nfound by the Havasupais, and by them secretly taken\\n15", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0293.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "226\\nIN AND AROUND\\ninto the depths of tlieir canyon home. Here for\\nnearly three years he\\nremained, teaching\\nthem improved meth-\\nods of irrigation, fruit\\nculture, vegetable rais-\\ning, etc.\\nThen he decided to\\nreturn and face his\\naccusers, so he de-\\nclares, but, when\\nbeset with danger, he\\nagain fled, only to be\\ncaptured at last, igno-\\nminiously secreted in\\na chicken-house.\\nHis claim of be-\\ntrayal at his trial is\\nbest told in his own\\nwords in this literal\\ncopy of the letter written by him at the time to\\nEmma, his last wife, from whom I obtained it.\\nJohn D. Lee and his two\\nFavorite Wives.\\n[From a portrait in the possession of his son at\\nTuba City.]\\nUNITED STATES MARSHAL S OFFICE\\nWm. Nelson, U. S. Marshal. District of Utah.\\nBeaver City, Utah, Sept. 21st, 1876.\\nMrs. Emma B. Lee.\\nLonely Dell, Lees Ferry, A. T.\\nMuch beloved Companion, Knowing the suspense\\nyou are in to hear from me and learn of my present situ-\\nation, and prospects in future, I hasten to write, as I cannot\\ncommunicate to you in person. I reached here on the 4th\\ninstant, but was not wanted till the i ith, at which time my", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0294.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 227\\nbondsmen appeared and surrendered me to the court,\\nwhich placed me in an awkward situation. I was left in\\ncharge of the officers of the court, and sent to prison, there\\nto await the summons of the court from time to time.\\nThis strange and mysterious move warned me that there\\nwas treachery and conspiracy on foot. General Wells, or\\nthe one-eyed pirate, as the Tribune calls him, was in\\nBeaver, to advise and council and direct the Brethren how\\nto swear, and those that composed the jury to be a unit in\\nrendering a verdict of murder in the first degree. My\\nworthy friend and able attorney, W. W. Bishop, felt that we\\nwere sold he and Judge Foster of Pioche, who assisted him,\\nhad the promise that all was right from the leading men of\\nthe church here in Beaver, and even went so far as to mark\\nthe names of each man to be retained on the jury, telling\\nhim that if he would make up his jury with the names\\nmarked that they would be sure to clear me. Though\\nfearful, he trusted them, which resulted in the jury s finding\\na verdict against me of murder in the first degree. Six\\nwitnesses testified against me, four of whom purgered them-\\nselves by swearing falsehoods of the blackest character.\\nOld Jacob Hamblin, the fiend of Hell, testified under oath\\nthat I told him that two young women were found in a\\nthicket, where they had secreted themselves, by an Indian\\nchief, who brought the girls to me and wanted to know\\nwhat was to be done with them. That I replied that they\\nwas to old to live and would give evidence and must be\\nkilled the Indian said that they were too pretty to kill,\\nthat one of them fell on her knees and said, Spare my life\\nand I will serve you all my days, that I then cut her throat,\\nand the Indian killed the other. Such a thing I never\\nheard of before, let alone committing the awful deed. The\\nold hypocrite thought that now was his chance to reek his\\nvengeance on me, by swearing away my life. Nephi John-\\nson was the last man that I could have believed that\\nwould have sealed his damnation by bearing false testimony\\nagainst me, his neighbor, to take away my life. The other", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0295.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "228 IN AND AROUND\\ntwo witnesses, Knights and McMurdy, swore that I com-\\nmitted the awful deeds, that they did with their own wicl ed\\nhands. I own that I am perfectly whiped out, and have come\\nto the conclusion that some men will swear that black is\\nwhite, if the good Brethren only said so. But my expressing\\nmy feelings in this way will not change the verdict against\\nme. This verdict has caused quite an excitement in Salt\\nLake City as well as here, among the honorable and think-\\ning class of men. They all say that it is too thin and\\nplayed out. When the verdict was rendered, my attorney\\nasked for a stay of proceedings for ten days, to prepare a\\nplea of abatement for a rehearing, and an appeal to the\\nhigher courts, etc. which will sit in December next. My\\nattorney promises to stand by me to the end, but must\\nhave a couple of hundred dollars within two months, to\\nenable them to carry my case up to the higher courts.\\nDearest, do all you can to send me as much money as you\\ncan, I know you will do so. I have confidence in your\\nability to raise money. I have many warm-hearted, noble-\\nminded friends, whom I believe will never see me sacrificed\\nat the shrine of imposition, bigotry, falsehood, and igno-\\nrance my firm conviction is that all will come out right\\nin the end, though it requires a little time to bring it about.\\nWiUard, Harie, and Darrow were here yesterday, and went\\naway without letting me know that they were going to leave,\\na very foolish thing for them to do, as I wished to send my\\nwagon-team and little Isaac back home. This evening\\nHellen came to the prison and told me that they had\\nstarted for the Ferry to inform you and Rachel, and to\\nbring Rachel. This, as I said before, was a strange move,\\nbut I suppose they thought from the verdict that all that\\nwish to see me must come soon. This, of course, confuses\\nmy intended arrangements. I will have to wait until I\\nhear from them before making a move in that direction\\nin all probability I will be sent to Salt Lake Prison, as the\\nsupreme court sits in Salt Lake City. Dearest Emma,\\nkeep up good cheer. Say to friend Johnson that he must", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0296.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 229\\nlet you have all the money that comes from the Ferry, to\\nhelp me in the hour of trouble. Tell Billy to remember\\nPa, and send him some money. My love to you and\\nall the dear little children, to Warren and family also.\\nWrite immediately and often, for a word from you in your\\nown handwriting carries joy and comfort to my soul.\\nI have many things to say to you when we meet again.\\nJoseph Wood is here in prison with me. He expects to get\\nhis trial soon. Miley is also here under indictment. Sarah\\nJane is at Jo Woods ranch, taking care of things there, as\\nHellen was also indicted, and is here on bail, awaiting trial.\\nI had to leave little Isaac with Sarah Jane for company\\nand help her with the cows, as she was alone. Joseph\\nWood, Hellen, and Sarah Jane all wish to be remembered\\nto you. I will write soon and let you know how matters\\nmove along. So good-bye for the present. I trust that\\nwe will see many good days together yet.\\nTo Emma B. Lee.\\nJ. D. Lee.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0297.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "230 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XXI\\nUP AND DOWN GLEN AND MARBLE CANYONS\\nWHERE the Paria River flows in from the\\nnorth to join the Colorado River, the pre-\\ncipitous rocky walls of the canyons break and per-\\nmit the skilful driver to get his wagon to the water,\\ncross it in a ferry-boat, and climb out over an equally\\nperilous road on the other side. This is Lee s\\nFerry, and the old Lee Homestead is located on the\\nopen and arable lands at the mouth of the Paria\\nRiver. Here ends Glen Canyon, and just below the\\nferry Marble Canyon begins.\\nI was fortunate enough to reach Lee s Ferry at\\nthe time Mr. N. Galloway who, as before related,\\nhad emulated Major Powell, in making the com-\\nplete trip through the canyons of the Colorado,\\nwas about to go up Glen Canyon to visit his placer\\nclaims. Under strong persuasion he consented to\\ngive me a brief experience up that canyon, and\\ndown Marble Canyon as far as the much dreaded\\nSoap Creek Rapids.\\nA simpler, less pretentious boat than Mr. Gallo-\\nway s could not be conceived, yet experience has\\ndemonstrated that it is the safest yet constructed\\nfor running the rapids of the Colorado River and\\ngoing over its dangerous places. Mr. Galloway is\\nhis own architect and builder. A few three-quarter\\ninch planks a little heavier timber for braces", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0298.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "Cofiyright, 1898, by Geanre II ha tc}i J.iiiies\\nA Bend in Glen Canyon of the Colorado River.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0299.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0300.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 231\\noars with holes in them, through which iron rods,\\nfastened to the sides of the boat, serve always to\\nkeep the oars in the same place and are more\\nsecure than ordinary rowlocks; with canvas out-\\nriggers and cover to keep her from being filled\\nwith water and swamped when running the rapids\\na bow at both ends, and a flat bottom with the\\nmerest pretence of a keel, and the boat is ready.\\nFor our trip the outriggers were taken off, as we\\nhad no dangerous rapids to encounter.\\nIt was raining when we started up Glen Canyon,\\nand the profound gloom of those vast unillumined\\nwalls produced a sensation of depression. The\\nriver here has but little fall, and for half an hour\\nwe were in water with a slight current. To our\\nright we saw the archway of an immense cave, a\\nperfect Roman arch, covering a mouth of gigantic\\nproportions. Some years ago a band of Navahos\\ncrossed into Utah, killed a Mr. Whitemore who\\nowned a large band of sheep, and, it being winter\\nand the river frozen over at Lee s Ferry, the\\nIndians sprinkled sand upon the ice and drove\\nthe sheep into this cave for secure hiding. Since\\nthat time it has been the rendezvous of a noted\\nband of horse thieves. And surely no better place\\nwas ever chosen for the purpose. The secret place\\ndescribed in Gil Bias was an open highway to this\\nout-of-the-way and inaccessible spot. Reached only\\nby boat up or down the river, and by a precipitous\\nand dangerous trail, a w^ll-provisioned, armed, and\\ndesperate band could bid defiance to the whole\\narmy of the United States and for a decade laugh\\nat the idea of capture.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0301.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "232\\nIN AND AROUND\\nAs we rowed on, our prison became narrower\\nand the walls higher. Up they soared, until it\\nseemed as if the very clouds floating over them\\nwould scrape as they passed. Now and again\\nthe river made an abrupt turn, and as we rode\\nalong we seemed to be coming to the end of a\\nblind alley with no possible outlet except to\\nreturn.\\nAt last the sun came out, and what a glorious\\nrevelation of beauty was given to us then Stream-\\ning down through celestial windows, brilliant rays\\nof gold and silver and saffron and gray and yellow\\nand pink and carmine were shed upon the red and\\ngray sandstone walls and the sombre face of the\\nplacidly flowing water, and in a moment all was\\nchanged, beautified, glorified. More dazzling in\\neffect than the sudden revelation of a brilliant pan-\\ntomime to an audience in a darkened room, it was\\ndignified by its vastness, majesty, and self-conscious\\nstrength.\\nAnd who can describe those marvellous walls,\\nwith their natural arches, towers, pediments, spires,\\nfantastic gargoyles, buttresses, windows, and infinite\\nvariety of form Generally precipitous, from five\\nhundred to two thousand feet in sheer height, some-\\ntimes a solid mural face of sandstone, without a\\ncrevice or break, one s n-eck w^as strained in the\\neffort to fathom its height. Then when a par-\\nticularly smooth piece of water was reached, the\\neye caught glimpses of worlds floating under the\\nwater, shadows of the glorious celestial streets\\nabove, made more ethereal and attractive by the\\nslight tremor of the gently rippling water.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0302.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n233\\nPicture after picture was thus presented to us\\nuntil we reached the placer grounds, where for a\\nwhile I watched the miners panning gold. Several\\npans of gravel were washed, and as the gold settled\\nto the bottom we estimated the value of the dirt,\\nand found that each\\nyard should bring\\nin from three to ten\\ndollars, and as\\nthere were so\\nmany yards of\\ngravel, the miners\\ncertainly had a\\ngood thing in\\nthis particular bar.\\nAnd thus the\\nchickens were\\ncounted while the\\ncolors were in the\\nbasket Who knows\\nhow many will\\nhatch out Yet\\nminers are not the\\nonly people who count their chickens before they\\nare hatched.\\nOur return was glorified by the brilliant rays of\\nthe sun, which in this deep-walled chasm seemed\\nto take on an exquisite and peculiar charm. The\\nwater was warm, and dofifing my clothes, I plunged\\nin, and for miles enjoyed the luxury of a warm swim,\\nfollowing the boat as it gently glided with the\\nsmoothly flowing current.\\nThe trip down Marble Canyon was more exciting,\\nCopyright, 1S9S, by George Wharton Jatues.\\nPanning Gold in Glen Canyon.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0303.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "234 IN AND AROUND\\nexhilarating, and adventuresome, for although we\\nwere to stop at Soap Creek Rapids and not risk\\nrunning it, we had five other rapids which Mr.\\nGalloway said we might safely run. Lee s Ferry\\nhas two ferries the upper and the lower about\\na mile and a half apart, and this distance is almost\\nentirely a long stretch of rapids. A rapid is a greater\\nor lesser fall in the\\nriver, where the water\\nincreases its speed in\\naccordance with the\\namount of the fall and\\nthe length of the\\nslope. Some rapids\\nare half a mile Ions;,\\nThe Author swimming in the\\nColorado River. and are yet of SUch\\neasy descent that\\nthey can be run in safety. Others are much\\nshorter, but having a large fall are much swifter and\\ndangerous. The chief element of danger in most\\nof the rapids is the large number of boulders in the\\nbed of the river, over which the waters dash and\\npour in a wild and bewildering manner. More\\ndangerous than the fixed boulders, against the perils\\nof which the boatman may guard, are the rolling\\nboulders, which, as they dash along over the slop-\\ning bed of the river, throw up no one can tell\\nwhen or where great rolling waves fountains\\nwhich dash the tiny boat against the rocky w^alls\\nand crush it as if it were an eggshell, toss it high\\nupon some outstanding rock, or whirl it unresist-\\ningly into the depth of the stream. To guide a\\nboat through these dangerous boulders and back-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0304.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "Copyright, 1898, by George Wharton James.\\nThe Marble Canyon of the Colorado River.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0305.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0306.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 235\\nrolling waves, going at the swift speed it is sure to\\nattain when swept along by so rapid a current,\\nrequires a quick eye, discerning brain, strong\\nmuscles, and prompt action. Our experiences were\\nthrilling and exciting enough to satisfactorily dem-\\nonstrate the necessity of the possession by our\\nboatmen of these qualities.\\nTaking my cameras, food, bedding, and a box of\\nfine grapes and other fruits from the Lee s Ferry\\norchard, we pushed off. There were two of us in\\nthe boat, Mr. Galloway and myself. Our first ex-\\nperience was a rapid. As soon as Mr. Galloway s\\nvigorous strokes brought the boat into the current,\\noff we went. I sat looking ahead, he guiding the\\nboat by occasionally peering over his shoulder.\\nUp and down we danced, now dodging to the right,\\nnow to the left, then racing along with a speed that\\nmade the walls and boulders and other stationary\\nobjects fly behind us. How we leaped and danced\\nand flew along! Our boat was a sentient being,\\nfull of life and vigor, and evidently enjoyed this wild\\nrace with the raging, roaring waters. All too soon\\nthis first experience came to an end, and Galloway\\nwas quietly rowing to the second rapids, past the\\nlower ferry, into the very mouth of the frightful\\nMarble Canyon, where poor Frank Brown, strong,\\nvigorous, full of joyous manhood, lost his life, and\\nwhere, a few days later, two others of his band were\\ndrowned. At the ferry our second oarsman, Mr.\\nFluke, was taken aboard, and in three minutes we\\nwere in the midst of our second rapid. At the third\\nrapid Galloway gave way, and let Fluke take the\\noars, at the latter s request. He asseverated that", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0307.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "236\\nIN AND AROUND\\nhis strength was great enough to overcome the\\npower of the waves on either side, and that we need\\nnot be afraid to trust to his care. No sooner were\\nwe in the rapids than a side current swept us over\\nto the left as if we had been a feather, and it required\\nNoon Lunch ix Glen Canyon.\\nall the strength of Fluke s vigorous arms to keep\\nthe boat head on. In the face of his boastins: I\\npresumed to tell him that we nearly made a fluke\\nof passing that rapid.\\nWe prospected every gravel bar in the canyon,\\nand found slight traces of gold after each panning.\\nMy camera was called into requisition time and\\ntime again, as new pictures of the grand, majestic,\\nand beautiful were presented at every turn. At\\nnoon, on a sandbar, with driftwood for our fire, we", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0308.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 237\\nhad beefsteak, tea, and fruit, and while the former\\nwere being cooked, I jumped into the river, which\\nwas fairly still at this point, and revelled in its buoy-\\nant and warm waters. After dinner we started on.\\nOccasionally we were in the hurrying of the rapids,\\nand aoain and aijain we could hear scarce a sound,\\nsave the gentle lapping of the waters against the\\nboat or the canyon walls, the cooing of a lost dove,\\nor the piping, semitone scold of the canyon wren,\\nmany of which we saw on this trip. Here and there\\nwe saw signs of beaver, which Mr. Galloway longed\\nto stay and trap. And thus we quietly journeyed\\nalong until a louder roar and din than we had yet\\nheard told us of our speedy approach to Soap Creek\\nRapids. And what a wild, restless, tossing, swirl-\\ning, fuming, confused scene it was This was no\\nchildish Lodore. The water here was indeed\\ndizzying and deafening the ear with its sound;\\nthe boulders were large, the fall rapid for half a\\nmile, and the current strong consequently, as the\\nwaters swept over the edge, they were changed at\\nonce from placid, smoothly gliding things of peace,\\nto angry, roughly tossing weapons of war. Here,\\nlike white-crested snakes in fierce wrath, they arose\\nabove the rocks, and then darted down upon them\\nwith a fierce fury, as if they would split them into\\nfragments. There, for a few rods, a part of the\\ncurrent ran in a mighty volume down the steep\\nslope at unrestrained speed, only to drop into a\\ngreat hole, where it was dashed into spray against a\\ntremendous boulder. Now, conceive a little shell\\nof a boat battling its way through such a tangle of\\nrocks, spray, waves, currents, cross-currents, whirl-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0309.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "238 IN AND AROUND\\npools, and madly racing waters, and you will know\\nwhy it is so perilous, and why a man feels that he\\ntakes his life in his hands, and risks its being\\nsnatched away in a moment, when he enters one\\nof them.\\nFortunately we had neither to run the rapids\\nnor make a portage around. We simply watched\\nit, studied it, photographed it, sat down before it,\\nand pictured the brave band of explorers who had\\ndared its dangers, and then, peacefully and happily,\\nstarted on our return journey to Lee s Ferry.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0310.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "MX- !^*J\\n^mk y\\no", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0311.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0312.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 239\\nCHAPTER XXII\\nTHE OLD HOPI SALT TRAIL\\nABOUT eight miles from the mouth of the\\nLittle Colorado is located this old and his-\\ntoric trail, long used by Hopituh, Paiutis, and\\nNavahos. It leads to a salt ledge, extending from\\nthe lower end of the Little Colorado, some eight or\\nnine miles, towards the Tanner-French Trail of the\\nGrand Canyon. Owing to the cheapness of salt,\\nand the superior quality of the article purchased of\\nthe Indian traders, the aborigines have ceased\\nfetching salt from this ledge; hence the trail is\\nrapidly becoming impassable, and unless something\\nis speedily done to it, not even the agile Hopi and\\ntheir fearless ponies will be able to use it.\\nWhen Cardenas and his band desired to see the\\ngreat river to the north the Colorado of which\\nthey had heard so much, it would have been an easy\\nmatter for the Hopi to have guided them to this\\ntrail and to the point where the waters of the Little\\nColorado join those of the Colorado Grande. But\\nfearful that the strangers would use the knowledge\\nthus gained against them, or that they might find\\nin that region or river something that would lead\\nthem to desire to make frequent excursions into the\\ncountry and thus become too common visitors, or\\nperhaps that the sight of their precious salt ledge", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0313.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "240\\nIN AND AROUND\\nwould arouse their covetousness, these things\\nwere sufficient to determine them to misguide the\\nSpaniards. Consequently they were taken to the\\nbarren and inhospitable region already described\\nin the chapter on Lee s Ferry.\\nWhen Lieutenant\\nIves desired to inves-\\ntigate the same region\\nfrom Oraibi, he met\\nwith exactly the same\\ndifficulties that had\\nconfronted Cardenas.\\nHe says: The\\ncountry to the north\\nand northwest is roll-\\ning for some miles,\\nand then there are\\nelevated plateaux ris-\\n..^yilljl^\\nSalt Spring in the Little\\nColorado Canyon.\\nsteps. The most re-\\nmote appears to be\\nsixty miles off, and\\nhigher than any table-\\nland that has been\\npassed. Distant peaks can be seen a little east of\\nnorth. The Indians have said that the trail runs\\nnorthwest, and that it is the only practicable route\\nby which upper portions of the river can be at-\\ntained. Such a course would bring us, at the end\\nof ninety miles, opposite to the point where we\\nstruck the Cascade River (Havasu Canyon), and\\nonly about fifty miles distant from it, though we\\nwould have travelled, in heading the canyon and", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0314.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 241\\nside canyons of Flax River (the Little Colorado),\\nnearly three hundred miles.\\nNow, had the Hopi cared to have guided him\\nto their Salt Trail, Ives could have reached the\\nwaters of the Colorado River in two days. But\\nalthough he was the accredited representative of\\nour government, no aid could he gain from the\\nsuspicious Hopi of Oraibi.\\nHe graphically describes the treatment he re-\\nceived at their hands how that, although he had\\nmade a bargain for a guide, he failed to appear\\n(undoubtedly forbidden to do so by the Oraibi\\nchief), and then, how amiable and considerate the\\nchief was when, after making the attempt to reach\\nthe river alone, and the party was compelled to turn\\nback, he said, I told you so, but gladly offered\\nthem a guide to Fort Defiance, a hundred and fifty\\nmiles to the east.\\n16", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0315.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "242 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XXIII\\nTHE TANNER-FRENCH TRAIL\\nVISITORS to the Grand Canyon by way of\\nFlagstaff, to any of the three accessible trails\\nreached from that point, will remember riding out\\nto Comanche (Bissell) and Ute (Moran) Points, and\\nfrom one or the other looking farther east to\\nNavaho Point and wondering whether the view\\nthere was much different from the one he had just\\nbeen enjoying. He will also remember looking\\ndown into the depths of the Canyon towards where,\\nhe was told, the Little Colorado formed its junction\\nwith the Colorado Grande, and remarking how\\nopen the Canyon appeared to be.\\nIt is in this open space that the trail known\\nvariously as the Tanner and the French Trail is\\nlocated. Major Powell travelled over it, for it is\\nan old Indian trail, used for centuries by Hava-\\nsupais and Hopi to reach the salt deposit before\\nreferred to, and did considerable labor on it, cross-\\ning to the other side and building a trail to the\\nplateau above.\\nSome time before Powell s visit, Seth B. Tanner,\\na Mormon pioneer, now living at Tuba City, ex-\\npended considerable labor, energy, and money upon\\nit for mining and stock purposes. Shortly after\\nthis, Franklin French, who was my driver to Lee s", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0316.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n243\\nFerry, desirous of doing some mining work in the\\nCanyon, and dissatisfied with the upper portion of\\nthe trail, built a new section, which made a Y of\\nthe trail when it was completed. In those days the\\ncondition of the trail can be imagined from the\\nfollowing inci-\\ndent, related to me\\nby French, and by\\nhim vouched for\\nas Gospel truth.\\nOne day the\\nboys had a lot of\\nplanks to be\\ncarried to the\\nriver. It was my\\nbusiness to load\\nthem on the\\nmules, and get\\nthem down there.\\nIt was a soul-\\ndestroying job.\\nThere was hades\\nto pay. We called\\nit a trail, but it was\\nonly a roughly marked out suggestion of where a\\ntrail ought to be. But that made no difference\\nI had to get the lumber down to the river. A\\nhappy thought struck me. Drunken men will often\\ndo things they dare not attempt when sober. I\\nthought I would try it on the mules, so when they\\ndrank I dosed the water heavily with whiskey\\nand down we went a-skiting. The mules were as\\nreckless as Jack Tars on a frolic. We got there all\\nCopyright, 1899, hy Oliver Lifpuicott.\\nThe Work of Erosion on the Rim.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0317.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "244 IN AND AROUND\\nthe same, but a sorrier looking set of remorseful,\\nrepentant mules than we had the next morning the\\neye of man never saw.\\nThe trail is difficult of access, and as none of the\\nguides care to make the trip unless an explorer out-\\nfits for himself and goes, he stands a poor chance\\nof reaching the river, nowadays, down this old and\\nforsaken trail.\\nIn March of 1886 Mr. Bass, with two companions,\\nstarted out to hunt for the lost John D. Lee gold\\nmine. They aimed for this trail, and, arriving on\\nthe rim in the evening, camped at the top, turning\\ntheir horses loose, as usual, to graze. Early the next\\nmorning, going down the east fork of the upper\\npart of the trail, they came upon a camp, evidently\\nvacated but a short time before by its owners, for\\nthere were five rolls of bedding, left just as the\\nsleepers had tumbled out of them, five Winchester\\nrifles, five six-shooters, five saddles, etc. Knowing\\nthe owners could not be far away, Bass and his com-\\npanions passed on, and, on reaching Rock Tanks, in\\nthe gorge below, were not surprised to find five men\\nbusily engaged in watering eighteen horses, which,\\nit required no expert to discern, had just undergone\\nthe suspicious operation of changing the brands.\\nThis operation, fully understood in the West, may\\nneed a little explanation. In the vast ranges of\\nthis great unfenced country the only protection a\\nman has for his wild running stock is his brand.\\nAll the brands of the district are reo^istered, and\\neach man s mark becomes as well known as his\\nname. When animals are stolen and the thieves\\ndesire to sell them again, it is a dangerous experi-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0318.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 245\\nment to try to sell stock of another man s brand,\\nunless the seller can show a bill of sale. Forgery\\nis dangerous and, generally, easily detected. But\\nby skilful manipulation and with a little time brands\\ncan be so altered hocus-pocussed as to be-\\ncome unrecognizable. Then sales, at comparatively\\nlow prices, are easy.\\nThese thieves had brought the stolen stock to\\nthis secluded spot in order that the brands might\\nbe changed. But while this was as apparent to the\\nthree gold seekers as the innocent little disguises\\nof a newly-married couple are apparent to an ex-\\nperienced hotel clerk, self-protection bade them\\nclose their eyes and see and know nothing. Ac-\\ncordingly whiskey flasks were passed around, and\\none of the five thieves then became quite communi-\\ncative in answer to the questions put by Bass and\\nhis companions as to water holes and camping\\nplaces on the other side of the river. He was a\\nFrenchman, and claimed that he had been with\\nMajor Powell in his explorations of the Canyon at\\nthis point.\\nThe prospectors reached the river, and there\\nfound some stranded bridge timber, of which a raft\\nwas constructed, and the river crossed. There the\\nwater and camping places showed that the informa-\\ntion given was correct. But fearing for the safety\\nof their horses at the head of the trail, they decided\\nto return for them. It was but two days from the\\ntime they had met the horse thieves, yet on reach-\\ning their camp again they found they were gone,\\nstock, bag and baggage, evidently directly after\\nthe first meeting was over. On returning to civili-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0319.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "246 IN AND AROUND\\nzation they read in the papers that shortly prior to\\ntheir meeting with these five men, eighteen valuable\\nhorses had been stolen from Albuquerque, and that\\nthe thieves had been traced as far west as the Little\\nColorado River, and there lost sight of.\\nIn 1890 this trail was again the scene of gold\\nhunting. A Mormon named Brown drove from\\nUtah, his head full of a variety of stories told by his\\nfellow Mormons who were miners, and even by re-\\nsponsible men in the church, in relation to the John\\nD. Lee mine. One story he had heard was that Lee\\nhad buried seven cans of almost pure native gold near\\nthe mouth of the Little Colorado River. Brown\\nwas instructed to find Mr. Bass, which he did, and\\ntogether they began afresh the search for the mine\\nand the buried gold. Leaving Williams, they\\ncrossed the desert, passed Rain Tanks and Hance s,\\nand hurried on to the west fork of the Tanner-\\nFrench Trail. Here, some little distance down, a\\ntree had fallen across the trail, and they were com-\\npelled to return. They had with them five burros,\\nall heavily laden, besides their saddle horses. In\\ngoing down, Brown failed to re-cinch his saddle,\\nand on dismounting to return, it either pitched or\\ntwisted so as to scare the horse and set him off\\nbucking. And buck he did to such good effect\\nthat he knocked over the five burros and came near\\nmaking an end of the whole expedition. One\\nburro s pack contained a rifle, and as he rolled\\ndown the steep slopes of the talus the weapon went\\noff, and, as if to emulate his fellow, another burro,\\nafter rolling over and over, and finally landing pack\\ndown with all of his four legs in the air, helplessly", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0320.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 247\\nwaving for assistance, seemed to remember that\\nthere was a loaded revolver in his pack, and, with-\\nout further provocation, fired it off.\\nThe return from this expedition came near being\\nfatal to Mr, Bass, for on crossing the Painted Desert\\nhe was overcome with the heat. At Big Horse\\nTanks he was compelled to dismount from his\\nhorse and lie down, and had it not happened that a\\ncowboy passed who gave him water and attention,\\nit is not improbable that the Mystic Spring Trail\\nwould now be without its enthusiastic owner. As\\nit was, he went to Southern California to recuper-\\nate, and turned over his outfit to Brown and another\\nman, that they might continue the search. At\\nChristmas he received a notice from these two\\nworthies that if they found the mine he would\\nhave no share in it, thus repaying his guidance\\nand the use of his horses and other outfit. But\\nthey failed in their search, as others had done be-\\nfore, and the John D. Lee mine still awaits a new\\ndiscoverer.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0321.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "248 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XXIV\\nTHE RED CANYON AND OLD TRAILS\\nTHERE are no distinctive features connected\\nwith the Red Canyon Trail, except that it\\nis fairly engineered, and so well constructed that\\none can ride almost the entire way from Hotel\\nCamp to the river. It begins about three miles\\neast of the Old Trail, and after a rapid zigzag brings\\none to a hogback, which connects the south wall\\nwith the shoulder of Ayer Peak.\\nLookino[ towards the rim from this hogback it\\nwill be observed that the cliffs are very irregular.\\nThey thrust themselves forward, then recede, then\\nagain come forward, and thus make a series of capes\\nand bays, which reaches for an extended distance\\nin each direction. This irregularity of the mural\\nface accounts for a peculiarly charming echo, which\\nmay be observed by the curious. Turning one s\\nface to the rim and giving a loud hallo, the voice\\nseems to enter the bays of the serrated cliffs and\\nroll around each promontory in turn. The result\\nis singular. First, the voice is given back as from\\nan immense distance, but rapidly approaching.\\nThen it swells out and re-echoes with great volume,\\nas if shot forth from the farthest recesses of the bay,\\nto receive a final great impetus as it reaches the very\\npoint of the nearest promontory. Then it sinks", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0322.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n249\\nagain, to once more emerge in power, and thus it\\nswells and dies down, again and again, until the last\\npromontory of the wall is reached, when, like the final\\ncrack of a whip, it gives one last hallo with a vim\\nand energy that is simply startling, and the echo\\nNOXCOXFORMABLE STRATA ON ReD CANYON TrAIL.\\ndisappears. The time taken for the echoes is from\\nnine to twelve seconds.\\nDesirous of testing the figures given as to the\\nlieight of Hotel Camp and the river, Hon. T. P.\\nLukens of Pasadena, and Mr. W. H. Jackson, the\\ncelebrated artist-photographer, made a series of\\ncareful measurements with aneroids, which had\\nbeen tested on a variety of occasions with the bulle-\\ntined measurements of the United States Geologi-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0323.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "250 IN AND AROUND\\ncal Survey. These measurements showed that the\\ngeneral idea of the Canyon depth at this spot was\\nmuch exaggerated. The elevation at Hotel Camp\\nwas found to be seven thousand feet, and at the river\\ntwenty-seven hundred feet, thus giving a direct de-\\nscent of forty-three hundred feet, as the difference\\nbetween the elevations at the upper and lower\\nlevels.\\nFrom the standpoint of the geologist, whether\\nexpert or student, the Old Trail is much more in-\\nteresting than the Red Canyon Trail, though both\\nhave distinctive features that make a study of each\\nprofitable. In the Red Canyon the non-conformity\\nof the lower sandstones is beautifully revealed,\\nwhile in the Old Trail Canyon one may study the\\narchaean rocks. The Old Trail was the one down\\nwhich I first descended many years ago, in the\\ncompany of several friends. We were all new at\\nthe work, and went without a guide. The first\\nthree miles is a steep zigzag, then a narrow gorge\\nleads to a slightly open space and Cottonwood\\nGorge. Just below the gorge we passed the singu-\\nlar faulted mass of subcarboniferous rocks which\\nThomas Moran called the Temple of Seti then\\nthrough narrow canyon walls of granite, up and\\ndown rope ladders, splashed by waterfalls and ac-\\ncompanied by the gentle babbling of a tiny stream,\\nwe plodded along. At length we came to a fifty-\\nfoot precipice, over which dashed the water, and my\\ncompanions, deterred for a while, discussed whether\\nthey should proceed or return. Impatient of delay,\\nI descended, and dashed ahead in delightful soli-\\ntude. Soon I heard a new and strange sound.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0324.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n251\\nThe following, which I quote from my note-book,\\nwas written at the time\\nThe babble of the little stream rippling over\\nthe rocks has filled our ears all the way down, but\\nnow its noise is like the cry of an infant compared\\nThe CuLoRAiJo River at thi: Foot of the Old Trail.\\nwith the deep bass voice of a giant roaring as in a\\npassion of pain, and in awe-stricken wonderment I\\nlisten. Hark the river at last A few more mo-\\nments and, solitary and alone, I catch my first\\nglimpse of it, a raging, roaring, boiling, surging\\ntorrent. The granitic cliffs tower on either side\\nin rough, jagged, cruel outline, their fantastically\\ncarved spires reaching upwards into the fleecy\\nclouds which float in the azure sky. To the right", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0325.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "252 IN AND AROUND\\nthe river flows smoothly and placidly, as if an in-\\nland lake with unruffled surface were being rapidly\\nborne on the backs of giants who walk so gently\\nthat no upheaval or disturbance is observable.\\nImmediately at the foot of the side canyon the\\nscene changes. It is as if a deep trench had been\\ncut directly across the bed of the great river, into\\nwhich it tumbles, and whirls and rages and roars\\nwith wild fury. Now look to the lower side of this\\ntrench What a change from the placidity above\\nA mass of turbulent, seething, hissing rapids fills\\nup the gorge. The giants are here, but no longer\\nmoving easily and noiselessly along. In the massive\\nboulders that help fill up the channel the imagina-\\ntion easily sees titanic faces and hands and arms.\\nYonder is a frightful monster, seizing a tremendous\\nwave as it comes out of the trench. With incred-\\nible fury and fierce rapidity he hurls it upon his foe\\non the other side of the river. Immediately a score\\nof waves are thus picked up and hurled, some in\\none direction, some in another. Now and as^ain\\nthese waves meet in the air, destroy each other,\\nand fall back, impotent for evil, into the wild mass.\\nYonder is a defeated giant buried beneath a cata-\\nract of waters. Down he goes, his appealing face\\nclearly visible and his hands and arms stretching\\nout for help. It is fascinating, thrilling, horrible,\\nfor though one knows it is all imagination, it seems\\nso real that one feels he is looking upon the bat-\\ntling place of the giants, fighting in deadly combat\\nfor the control of this great waterway.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0326.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 253\\nCHAPTER XXV\\nGRAND CANYON FOREST RESERVE\\nON the twentieth of February President Har-\\nrison issued a proclamation creating the\\nGreat Canyon Forest Reserve in the northern\\npart of Coconino County, the land embraced in it\\nbeing reserved from settlement on entry. The\\nboundaries are as follows\\nBeginning at the point of intersection of the\\nparallel of thirty-six (36) degrees, thirty (30) minutes,\\nNorth Latitude, with the meridian of one hundred\\nand eleven (iii) degrees, forty-five (45) minutes, of\\nLongitude west from Greenwich thence westerly\\nalong said parallel of latitude to its intersection\\nwith the meridian of one hundred and twelve (112)\\ndegrees, forty-five (45) minutes, West Longitude;\\nthence southerly along said meridian of longitude\\nto its intersection with the parallel of thirty-five (35)\\ndegrees, forty-five (45) minutes. North Latitude;\\nthence easterly along said parallel of latitude to\\nits intersection with the meridian of one hundred\\nand eleven (iii) degrees, forty-five (45) minutes,\\nWest Longitude; thence northerly along said merid-\\nian of longitude to its intersection with the parallel\\nof thirty-six {36) degrees, thirty (30) minutes. North\\nLatitude, the place of beginning.\\nExcepting from the force and effect of this proc-\\nlamation all lands which may have been, prior to", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0327.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "254 IN AND AROUND\\nthe date thereof, embraced in any legal entry or\\ncovered by any lawful filing duly of record in the\\nproper United States Land Office, or upon which\\nany valid settlement has been made pursuant to\\nlaw, and the statutory period within which to make\\nentry or filing of record has not expired and all\\nmining claims duly located and held according to\\nthe laws of the United States and rules and regu-\\nlations not in conflict therewith.\\nProvided that this exception shall not continue\\nto apply to any particular tract of land unless the\\nentryman, settler, or claimant continues to comply\\nwith the law under which the entry filing settle-\\nment or location was made.\\nIt is a matter of regret that the United States\\nGovernment has not yet seen its way clear to\\nconvert the most scenic portions of the Grand\\nCanyon into a National Park. The people ought\\nto own, forever, this glorious inheritance. There\\nshould be no limitations placed upon their perfect\\nenjoyment of it but such as are necessary for its\\npreservation and while the forest reserve act,\\nabove quoted, is a step in the right direction,\\nthere should be no incompleteness in this act of\\nnational reservation as a public park. An act should\\nbe passed forever preserving all the natural curi-\\nosities, wonders, and scenic marvels, the game and\\nforests of the region reserving it from private\\noccupancy, so that it shall remain in unrestricted\\nfreedom for the benefit, pleasure, and enjoyment of\\nthe people and at the same time providing for the\\ngranting of such leases for hotels, railways, stages,\\nand other privileges as are necessary for the com-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0328.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0329.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0330.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n^55\\nfort, convenience, and safety of visitors. In addition\\nto this there should be an administrative act passed\\ndefining all offences against the park and providing\\na penalty for their commission. The blunders in\\nthe organization of the National Park of the Yel-\\nlowstone need not be repeated. At trifling cost\\nthe necessary protection can be secured and wanton\\ndestroyers kept in wholesome check.\\nWhile there are many things that might be re-\\nferred to as fit subjects for legislation or proclama-\\ntion, I am especially anxious that the mural faces\\nof the Grand Canyon shall not be desecrated by\\npainted advertisements. Now that the railway has\\nmade it accessible, it is not unreasonable to fear\\nthat unless some action is speedily taken the visitor\\nmay find, staring at him from the walls of the\\nCanyon, a painted recommendation to use some\\nspecial liver pad or try the only reliable catarrh\\ncure.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0331.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "256 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XXVI\\nTHE TOPOCOBYA TRAIL AND HAVASU (CATARACT)\\nCANYON\\nTHERE are two Cataract Canyons known in\\nconnection with the Colorado River. One is\\nthe Cataract Canyon of the upper portion of the\\nriver, referred to in Chapters Two and Four, and\\nthe other is the Cataract Canyon which receives\\nthe drainage and flood waters of the northern slope\\nof Williams Mountain, the Kohonino Forest, and\\nalso of the southern rim of the Grand Canyon for a\\ndistance of nearly fifty miles. It begins near the\\ntown of Williams, at the base of Williams Mountain,\\nand winds and twists in a tortuous manner through\\na comparatively level country for about one hundred\\nmiles, but fifty miles from the Grand Canyon it\\nenters the bluffs of the southern slopes of the Kai-\\nbabs, and becomes a wildly romantic canyon, in the\\nheart of which live the interesting tribe of Indians\\nknown as the Havasupais. From this canyon\\nradiates an intricate series of smaller but grand\\ncanyons. It is the latter canyon to which this and\\nthe succeeding chapter are devoted, and it is referred\\nto throughout this work by the name given to it by\\nthe Indians, viz., the Havasu, or Canyon of the Blue\\nWater.\\nIn the stupendous majesty of its walls, their close\\nproximity to each other, and, consequently, in nar-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0332.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "J^ U by F- H. Maude.\\nAt the Head of Topocobya Trail into Havasu Canyon.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0333.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0334.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 257\\nrowness, Havasu Canyon more nearly approximates\\nto the popular idea of a canyon than the Grand\\nCanyon itself. In this regard it is similar to, though\\nsurpassing, the canyon of the Little Colorado, and\\nas the latter is practically inaccessible, and the former\\nis so comparatively easy of access that I have taken\\nmy daughter into its inmost depths, I deem it\\nappropriate that it should find a representative place\\nin this book. It is a part, and a not insignificant\\npart, of the Grand Canyon system. It is one of\\nthe most important of the southern tributaries of\\nthe Colorado River it is the home of a tribe\\nof Indians whose history and e very-day life is insep-\\narably connected with the Grand Canyon, a\\npeople who rudely engineered the whole of the\\ntrails described in this book from the Tanner-\\nFrench Trail, nearest to the Little Colorado, to the\\nMystic Spring Trail on the west, the six most\\nimportant trails of the Grand Canyon, so that\\nthe only reason against its introduction is that it\\ncannot be treated in these pages as fully and satis-\\nfactorily as its importance and interest warrant.\\nTen years ago, in company with Mr. Bass and a\\nspecial agent sent out to make overtures to the\\nHavasupais to send their children to Fort Mohave\\nto school, I made my first trip down the Topocobya\\nTrail to the Havasupai village and the superlatively\\nenchanting waterfalls, which have given their name\\nto the canyon.\\nThe Indians call it the Canyon of Hahavasu,\\nthe blue water, a most appropriate and truthful\\ndesignation, for the water we find on our arrival at\\nthe villages is of a singularly blue color. The In-\\n17", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0335.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "258 IN AND AROUND\\ndians themselves are the Ha-ha-va-su-pai the pal,\\npeople, of the va-su, blue, ha-ha, water. This is\\nshortened into Havasupai, and by the miners and\\npeople of Arizona generally into Supai.\\nLeaving Bass Camp, we drive over a fair wagon\\nroad that mainly follows the long used Havasupai\\nTrail from the village to Hue-tha-wa-li, which, as\\nthe reader will recall, is the Mount Observation of\\nthe Mystic Spring Trail. The whole wagon ride\\nis through the pinion, cedar, and juniper forest that\\ncovers this portion of the southern edge of the\\nGrand Canyon. There is nothing of peculiar inter-\\nest in the ride, except that we pass one of the water-\\npockets of the Indians, valuable to them beyond\\nsilver or sold, a natural water hole in the lime-\\nstone where the rain-water collects in sufficient\\nquantities to last beyond the rainy season into hot\\nand dry weather. It is about midway between the\\nheads of Topocobya and the Mystic Spring Trails,\\nand therefore most conveniently and appropriately\\nlocated. It rejoices in the appellation of Ha-ha-ta-\\nwal-ga.\\nAfter about thirteen miles of this picturesque\\nrolling forest and glade have been passed, the\\nwagon is left, and provisions and bedding if one\\nis going for a prolonged stay are placed on pack\\nburros that have been driven on ahead, and we take\\nthe saddle on (jood horses or mules, sure of foot\\nand steady of nerve, for we are going to descend\\na trail that tries the nerves of horses as well as\\nmen. Two miles of riding dow^n the gentle slopes\\nof a draw, where the Topocobya Canyon has its\\nhead, leads us to the point where this ticklish part", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0336.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 259\\nof the trail begins. And it is well we were warned\\nbeforehand. We ride out upon a very small level\\nspace at the foot of the limestone walls that already\\nbesfin to hem us in, and from there take a look at\\nthe jump off down which we are expected to\\nbelieve human beings have constructed a trail safe\\nfor us to travel. It is too much for even otcr cre-\\ndulity. Directly before us we are on its very\\nbrink is a precipice of a thousand feet, that ap-\\npears to hollow in beneath us, so that we cannot\\nsee its base. There, far, far, but immediately be-\\nlow, is the dry bed of the stream, boulder strewn\\nand rough, in which is our trail, and in that short\\nlateral distance we must lower ourselves the thou-\\nsand feet of this awful precipice.\\nAh what clever engineers these Indians of a\\npast generation were To have seen the difficulties\\nwould have been enough to discourage ten genera-\\ntions of school-trained engineers, but to the practical\\nnecessities of the Havasupai the natural obstacles\\nof making this a place of ingress and egress were\\nsoon overcome.\\nFollow with your eye Mr. Bass and the Indians\\nwho have come to meet us. To the right, on a\\nnarrow shelf, that seems a mere scratch on the face\\nof this frightful cliff, they are riding or leading\\ntheir horses.\\nIf they dare go, we dare also.\\nSo, following them, as they zigzag down the\\nloose rocks and boulders that have fallen into this\\nTopocobya, sometimes going to the south, then\\nto the north, with the advance members of the\\nparty now below us so that easily we could jump", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0337.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "26o IN AND AROUND\\nupon their backs, in places where to give an\\nenemy a love-tap with a fifty pound rock would\\nhave been, in purely Indian days, the most simple\\nmatter imaginable, then straightening along on\\na shelf under the overhanging cliff, and descending\\nover another hair-raising precipice, three steps hewn\\nout of the solid, slippery rock, only to return to\\nmore zig and zag, and zag and zig, tJiis is\\nthe occupation that arrests our attention for a full\\nhour, the interest heightened by the constant solici-\\ntation one feels as to whether the horse he is lead-\\ning will slip over him in the dangerous turns, or\\nwhether it will be possible to avoid scaring the\\nhorse on the shelf above that is advancing to the\\nsouth as we studiously and carefully pick our steps\\nto the north. If he falls he will surely bring down\\nupon us a perfect avalanche of the rocks that line\\nhis perilous pathway.\\nThe Indians name for this place is an appro-\\npriate one. A Topocobya is any semi-circular\\ndeclivity between two outstretched rocks, as at\\nthe fleshy curve between the finger and thumb.\\nA short distance before reaching the dry bed of\\nthe stream the trail makes another detour to the\\nleft, landing us immediately at the base of the solid\\nmass of limestone and sandstone, and there, indeed,\\nare we surprised at finding ourselves suddenly\\nwithin a secret recess of grandeur, fascination, and\\nusefulness. Trickling down from the edges of the\\nlowest layers of the rock is an almost imperceptible\\nspring of water, but it is sufficient to comfortably\\nfill three rocky basins, holding forty or fifty gallons.\\nRising up from these basins is the wall, solid, mas-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0338.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n261\\nsive, pitiless rock, curving slightly outwards, so\\nthat, in its ascent, it soon completely overhangs\\nand overshadows this cunningly hidden retreat. A\\nchamber indeed for goddesses to bathe and sport\\nin, unalarmed and fearless, for, provided the one\\nCofivright, 1890, by F. H. Ma-nde.\\nAt the Topocobya Spring.\\napproach is protected, there is no spot around from\\nvi hich a peeping Tom may see what transpires.\\nThis trail and the spring are connected with\\nthe memory of the notorious John D. Lee, of the\\nMountain Meadows Massacre, for it was on the\\nplateau above that he was discovered by the Hava-\\nsupais. Blindfolded, they led him down the canyon\\nwe are soon to traverse, to the hospitality of the vil-\\nlage, where, for nearly three years he was generously\\nentertained and cared for as completely lost to the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0339.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "262 IN AND AROUND\\noutside world of wives, friends, church, and country,\\nall of whom were looking for him with varying\\ndea^rees of eas^erness as thouo-h he had no exist-\\nence whatever.\\nPacks adjusted, saddles put back from the necks\\nof the horses, and cinches tightened, we resume our\\njourney. For a while a mile or so our trail is\\non the loose pebbles of the dry stream. The rock}\\nwalls of sandstone and limestone tower precipitously\\non each side of us. This is Topocobya Canyon,\\na side canyon to the main Havasu (Cataract)\\nCanyon, to which this leads us, and its junction\\nwith which we reach when about half the distance\\nbetween the spring and the village is accomplished.\\nAll along this portion of our way are immense\\nmasses of rude conglomerate, pebbles, rocks, and\\nboulders imbedded in a softer substance which has\\nhardened around them like mortar, occupying\\nsuch positions as demonstrate them to have been\\nformed by slow accumulation in the former bed of\\nthe stream. Oftentimes they were directly in the\\ncourse of the creek, which has washed through them\\nand formed walls on either side through which we\\npass, fifty, a hundred, and even more feet high, thus\\nshowing the power of the occasional torrents which\\ndisturb this now quiet and dry ravine.\\nThe ravine soon cuts into the red sandstone, and\\nrapidly we drop into it, leaving the gray walls, to\\nbe immediately hemmed in by the red. What a\\nchange of scenerv in a few minutes! These walls\\nhave marked stratification, and, as the erosion has\\ncut down the rock, it has left terraces, revealing the\\nlamination. These terraces are of varying sizes", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0340.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n263\\nand widths, and as we go lower and lower they are\\ncrowned with all the fantastic forms and figures\\nthat one can conceive. This w^ould have been a\\nperfect treasure ground of suggestions for the medi-\\naeval sculptors who wanted hideous forms for gar-\\ngoyles for their churches and cathedrals.\\nOverhanging Capitals on the Topocobya Trail.\\nNow the canyon narrows, and all the loose\\npebbles and sand have been washed away. We are\\nriding on the solid sandstone on a narrow ledge or\\nshelf, and here, to the right, below us, the rock is\\nscooped out into a series of rudely oblong water-\\npockets or bath-tubs, in which, after a rain or flood,\\nwater is always to be found.\\nNow we descend from our shelf, by using the\\nrock terraces as a stairway, back again to the bed", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0341.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "264 IN AND AROUND\\nof the stream. A trail horse is no more concerned\\nabout walking down or up these stairs, with a two\\nhundred pound man upon his back, than a porter\\nis concerned at carrying a ten-pound valise up a\\nflight of stairs.\\nLet their bridles hang, don t attempt to guide\\nor control them. They understand their business\\nand know the way far better than you. Keep\\nyour seat and enjoy the rugged picturesqueness of\\nthe scenery. They will do the rest in safety to\\nthemselves and you, is the advice of the guide.\\nSo, on they go, unw^atched by us. First on a\\nshelf to the right, then on one to the left now up,\\nnow down, but always carefully and knowingly.\\nAt last we come to a ledge to the left which we\\nfeel we must watch. It remains almost on the level,\\nwhilst the stream bed to the right narrows and\\ndescends with fearful rapidity. Our trail dodges\\nin and out, around immense boulders that have\\nfallen from the walls above where stone toadstools\\nstand threateningly toppling and near, and great\\npetrified toads, w^eighing perhaps half a million tons,\\nevery moment startle us by their apparent readi-\\nness to jump.\\nEvery step reveals strange red sandstone houses,\\ncitadels, giants heads, monster forms as various\\nand inconceivable as those of summer clouds.\\nAll off your horses is the cry, and we\\ndismount. We are about to make a perilous turn,\\nwhere there is but room for the unencumbered\\nhorses; so, bridles in hand, we lead them, pass this\\ndanger spot, and find ourselves out of Topocobya\\nCanyon upon a sliding, dangerous shelf in Rattle-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0342.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n265\\nsnake Canyon. The sandstone ledge upon which\\nwe now walk is two hundred feet or more above\\nthe bed of the stream. The surface of the ledge\\nis rounded off and slopes rapidly towards the\\nprecipice edge. A slip or a stumble and a man\\nShields and Pictogkaphs on Walls of Havasu Canvon.\\nor horse once started down that rounded surface\\nwould stop only on the ravine bed below, unless\\nProvidence specially interposed in his behalf. But\\nas we are all sure-footed and steady-nerved, we\\nreach the end of the shelf in safety, where another\\nflight of stairs down the terraced edges of the\\nrock brings us to the bed of the ravine, where,\\nretracing our steps, w^e leave Rattlesnake Canyon,\\nmake a curve of a few feet, and are in Havasu\\n(Cataract) Canyon itself.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0343.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "266 IN AND AROUND\\nOn the left is a large sandstone rock on which\\nrude representations of the Great Serpent, various\\nshields, hands, antelope, and men are depicted,\\nall of which are held in great reverence by the\\nHavasupais.\\nThe road, or trail, is now comparatively smooth\\nand easy. The bed of the stream is rough, rocky,\\nor sandy, and the walls grow more precipitous as\\nwe descend. The curves and angles of the ravine\\nare more than we care to count, especially as the\\nday is hot, the walls absorbing and then radiating\\nthe heat, until we long for the interior of a heated\\nbake-oven as a change.\\nHere to the left is Polyphemus Gorge. On the\\nside face of the canyon is an immense cave where\\na hundred of Vulcan s monster workmen might\\ncommodiously have lodged; and a little way down\\nthe canyon are a thousand of the rocks they hurled\\nat the poor Greeks as they sought to escape. Even\\nall their gigantic power was needed to move these\\nrocks, for the smallest of them weighs a score of\\ntons.\\nDown, down we go, the walls becoming more\\ngrand, more precipitous, more striking as we\\nproceed. Now and again we come to a fallen\\nboulder or splinter of rock, split from the great\\nwalls above. Some of them would form a quarry\\nlarge enoufjh in themselves to build a structure as\\nlarge as the Court House in Chicago, the Grand\\nHotel in Cincinnati, or even the Capitol at\\nWashington.\\nBut our necks are tired, craning them to allow\\nour eyes to see all, or half, the wonders of this shut-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0344.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 267\\nin red-rock Havasu Canyon, and we are glad,\\nthankful, when at last, after about fifteen miles of\\nhorseback riding since we left the wagon at the head\\nof Topocobya, there appears just ahead a fine grove\\nof Cottonwood trees, and we hear the noise of much\\nIn the Havasu Canyon.\\nflowing water, which Mr. Bass informs us is the\\nbubbling out in a thousand springs, some as large\\nas a horse s body, of the subterranean waters of\\nHavasu Creek, which from now on boldly and\\nopenly fiow above ground to join the great Colo-\\nrado fifteen or twenty miles farther on.\\nThis was my first trip down the Topocobya\\nTrail. Since then I have been a dozen times, but\\nI never weary of its grandeurs. A few years ago I\\ntook several friends, of whom two were ladies, one", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0345.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "268 IN AND AROUND\\nmy daughter, and the other a sweet-spirited, brave,\\nand courageous woman from Chicago. We were\\nsomewhat limited for time, and, on making the\\nreturn trip, left the Havasupai village late in the\\nafternoon, hoping, by forcing the horses, to reach\\nthe wagon at the head of Topocobya Trail before\\ndark. But it was more than we could accomplish,\\nand by the time we arrived at the foot of the steep\\nand dangerous thousand-feet-high trail it was so\\nnearly dark that I viewed the ascent with feelings\\nof anything but calmness and equanimity.\\nAnd now, looking back upon it all, who can tell\\nthe horrors endured in that ascent\\nLeaving Nellis and Symons at the junction\\nwhere the trail went into Topocobya Spring to get\\nprovisions we had cached there on our way down,\\nand to fill the canteens with water, the ladies and\\nmyself went on ahead. The trail was so steep that\\nI disliked asking them to walk, and yet it was so\\ndangerous I feared to allow them to ride. Here,\\nindeed, also was another Scylla and Charybdis. I\\nwanted to caution them, and yet I knew if I did so\\nI should arouse within them the dread I wished to\\navoid, and thus make possible the danger I feared.\\nSo I said nothing.\\nWe rode up in the rapidly growing darkness,\\ntaking a few yards at a time, and then stopping to\\nrest the horses. Higher we went, zigzagging to\\nand fro, until now it was so dark that my horse\\nappeared to have no head, and not a sign of the\\ntrail did the most piercing glances reveal. Should\\nwe dismount No; better ride a little farther and\\nthen get off. So on we went. As I called back.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0346.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 269\\nboth ladies answered, All right! to my inquiries\\nas to their comfort and readiness to ride farther.\\nAt last a turn was made, which, in a moment or\\ntwo, I knew would bring us to the most dangerous\\nand critical part of the trail. It was a steep slope\\nleading on to the narrow shelf before referred to\\nwhich went close up against a frightful overhang-\\ning wall, and there made an acute angle to the left,\\nat the same time ascending three steep stone steps,\\non the topmost of which the trail sharply angled\\nagain to the left immediately above the trail over\\nwhich we had just ridden, and on an equally nar-\\nrow shelf. And here was the terrible danger be-\\nlow the three stone steps was a drop of two or\\nthree hundred feet. Far quicker than it has taken\\nme to wTite this, I was on the shelf, and as my\\nhorse turned to climb the steps I could feel the\\nyawning blackness to my right. Should I make the\\nladies dismount I knew the horses could take\\nthe steps all right if they were left alone, and so,\\nas I did not wish to arouse their fears, I let them\\ncome on without any warning, trusting to the\\nwatchful care of an all kind Providence to bring\\nthem safely over the dangers. As soon as I\\nreached a place where the trail slightly widened,\\ndrawing rein, I breathlessly awaited the coming of\\nmy companions. My daughter s horse walked\\nalong step by step without a stumble or a fault,\\nand in a few moments I breathed an inaudible\\nbut none the less sincere Thank God as her\\nhorse stopped close to mine. Then, calling out\\nencouraging words to Mrs. Long, she came nearer,\\non to the lower shelf, I could almost see her", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0347.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "270\\nIN AND AROUND\\nin my agony of suspense. Then I heard her horse\\nturn upon the rocky steps, and I began to breathe\\nmore freely, when, the noise of his stumbling hoofs\\naroused awakening echoes from the rocky walls,\\nwhich sounded louder than fiercest thunder, and\\ninstantly stopped the frantic pulsations of my heart.\\nIn another moment I almost fainted as the dull\\nCopyright, 1899, by F. H. Maude.\\nOn the Topocobya Trail Steps, where Mrs. Long s Horse\\nFELL.\\nthud of a falling body reached my ears, immediately\\nfollowed by a low groaning Oh, dear I waited\\nfor a moment to hear what of all sounds I dreaded\\nmost to hear, the shock of the body falling\\nupon the rocks at the foot of that frightful preci-\\npice, and never was soul more thankful than I\\nto hear nothing more than a loud sigh, as of one\\nin a deep swoon. Flinging myself from the saddle,\\nI handed the reins to my daughter as I passed,\\nbidding her dismount also and then carefully has-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0348.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n271\\ntened to the steps, hopes and fears alternately\\nchasing themselves through my heart. Would the\\nclumsy horse step upon our friend Would she\\nmove in her unconsciousness and roll from the\\nsteps into the abyss Would my going back\\nfrighten the horse so that he would lose his foot-\\ning on the narrow shelf where he stood Could\\nI possibly pass him at this critical spot? These\\nand many other questions flashed through my brain\\nlike lightning as I crawled on the shelf. The horse\\nanswered some of them by rushing past me, and I\\nfelt thankful to have him out of the way, even\\nthough he nearly pushed me into the deep, dark\\nblackness. Another moment and I was by the side\\nof the insensible woman, her deep sighs satisfying\\nme that she was still alive, but the darkness render-\\ning it impossible to tell how seriously she was in-\\njured. Lifting her in my arms, I managed to reach\\nthe other shelf and the widened trail. But our\\ncoming startled her horse, and as he ran forward\\nhe frightened the two horses ahead which my\\ndaughter was holding, and the next moment we\\nheard all three dashing up the trail at full speed.\\nSurely the bars that the Indians had put across\\nthe upper portion of the trail to prevent stock from\\nescaping would arrest their flight But no, just at\\nthe same moment that I reached the place where\\nmy daughter stood trembling at this new disaster,\\nI heard the sound of poles and bars as they were\\nwhirled aside by the fleeing horses, and then I\\nknew that they had escaped, and soon would be\\nroaming through the boundless forest and plains\\nabove. By this time, however, Mrs. Long had re-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0349.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "272 IN AND AROUND\\ncovered enough from the shock to ask where she\\nwas and what was the matter. A few minutes\\nmore rest and she thought she could slowly pro-\\nceed up the trail, so that, on reaching the top, I\\nmight follow and endeavor to recapture the horses,\\nwhile she and my daughter awaited the arrival of\\nSymons and Nellis from the spring. But it w^as\\nslow work. Mrs. Long was so shaken and bruised\\nthat she could take only a few steps at a time, and\\nto accomplish these she had to be sustained. It\\nwas with a deep sigh of relief that my thankfulness\\nwas expressed when we reached the top of the trail.\\nBut even now our difficulties were by no means\\nover. Our wagon, with all our camp equipments,\\nwas over two miles away. It was pitch dark. The\\nhorses that Nellis and Symons were bringing were\\nheavily laden, and we had no saddle. Even had\\nthere been one, Mrs. Long was incapable in her\\npresent condition of sitting upon a horse alone.\\nWe were indeed in a frightful plight I felt I\\nmust follow the horses, as without them we could\\nnot get back to the railroad, and yet I felt it was\\nbrutal to leave my timid and shrinking daughter\\nwith a possibly seriously injured woman alone in\\nthe darkness, in a locality where the wild howls of\\ncoyotes and other night animals were constantly\\nheard. I could only do what I thought was best,\\nand, brave women! without a word of selfish mur-\\nmur or complaint, they both urged me to follow\\nthe horses, while they promised to sit content on\\nthe rocks and await the coming of the men. With\\na prayer to God for their protection I plodded\\nalong in the darkness, running where I knew the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0350.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 273\\ntrail was reasonably safe, and crawling in one or\\ntwo places where the memories of former rides\\nalong sides of yawning chasms made me somewhat\\nuncomfortable.\\nOccasionally I stood and listened, ready to re-\\nturn if the ladies called for me, and hoping also\\nthat I might hear the horses. Soon I was satisfied\\nthat they were not far ahead, and after a while I\\nheard them stop for a little, and I knew that they\\nhad found grass. But the moment they heard me\\nthey were off again, and a half-dozen or more at-\\ntempts to steal upon them soon satisfied me that\\nit was a hopeless task to endeavor to catch them\\nunless I climbed up the steep sides of the canyon,\\nfor even though we were out of the steepest part\\nof the canyon, we were still in a place where the\\ntalus on either side was more precipitous than I\\ncared to adventure in the night-time. So, relin-\\nquishing the chase, I returned to the ladies. It\\nwas not long before Symons and Nellis also ap-\\npeared. And then began our walk, in the dark, over\\nthe longest, dreariest, most discouraging two miles\\nof trail it has ever been my misfortune to travel.\\nThose two miles stretched out interminably. The\\ndarkness got blacker, as if to completely bury us\\nfrom the sight of Heaven. And it did, indeed,\\nseem as if we were forsaken of all the good powers\\nof the universe. I was the only one who knew\\nanything about the trail, so w^earily I plodded\\nahead, feeling for the narrow trodden path with\\nmy feet, and occasionally lighting a match to see\\nthat we were all right. My daughter follow^ed, lead-\\ning one of the horses, then came Symons, half\\n18", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0351.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "274 IN AND AROUND\\ncarrying Mrs. Long, and the procession was closed\\nwith Nellis and the other horse. It seemed to me\\nthe hours lengthened into weeks of darkness before\\nwe reached the wagon. With what joy we gained\\nthe crest of the short but steep hill on which our\\nwagon stood, few can understand. A fire was\\nsoon lit, provisions cooked, and around the camp-\\nfire we ate and drank all we needed. ThouQ^h\\ncompletely unnerved by her fall, and wearied out,\\nwe were now assured that Mrs. Long had received\\nno serious injury, and this made our hearts light.\\nBut, oh how weary we all were Almost too weary,\\neven after our refreshinsf meal and stimulatino;\\ncoffee, to stretch out our blankets and crawl in\\nbetween them.\\nBut poor Nellis even this enjoyment was denied\\nhim. Throwing a saddle over one of the horses,\\nhe followed the three that had escaped, and we were\\nquite willing to be awakened out of our sound repose\\nby his return just before dawn with the truant\\nanimals.\\nIn two days more we were at the railroad and on\\nour way to visit Acoma, the City of the Cliffs, and\\nin the excitement of the strange scenes there wit-\\nnessed, the adventures of Topocobya Trail were\\nalmost forgotten.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0352.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 275\\nCHAPTER XXVII\\nTHE HAVASUPAI INDIANS AND THEIR CANYON\\nHOME\\nOF no tribe of Indians in the United States has\\nmore wild nonsense and foolish exao^oreration\\nbeen written than of the Havasupais. Men who\\nmerely heard of, but never saw them, wrote outra-\\ngeously false accounts as to their place of residence,\\ntheir stature, their ferocity, their clifF-dwellings, and\\nof a tiny people w^hom they held in cruel slavery\\nand degrading bondage. Such statements could\\nnot be controverted, as not ten white men could be\\nfound fifteen years ago who had ever visited the\\nHavasupais in their canyon village, or knew any-\\nthing whatever of their life and habits.\\nThe name by which the Havasupais were known\\nto the Spaniards, and which they have bequeathed\\nto us, is Coconino (Kohonino). This has led some\\nwriters to confuse the names Havasupai and Coco-\\nnino (Kohonino), and speak of them as distinct\\ntribes, the one inhabiting Havasu Canyon and the\\nother the region known as the Coconino (Kohonino)\\nForest. It is clear, from the name that the present-\\nday Zunis give to the Havasupais, that the Span-\\niards obtained the name from them. The Zunis\\nspeak of the tribe as Kuhni kwe, and of the region\\nthey inhabit as Kuhni. Remembering Spanish\\npronunciation, it is not difficult to assume the meta-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0353.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "276 IN AND AROUND\\nmorphosis of Kuhni kwe into Coconino Ko-ho-\\nni-no. Sitgreaves changed it again to Cosninos,\\nand tells of some mules stolen from him by them,\\nand Lieutenant Ives, who descended the Wallapai\\nTrail, names them Yampais. The common desig-\\nnation for them nowadays in Arizona is Supais,\\nthough the name means nothing, and is a dividing\\nof their word for blue, va-su, B-ud ai, people.\\nIn the preceding chapter I have described the\\njourney down the Topocobya Trail as far as the\\ncottonwoods and the place where the creek bubbles\\nout in a thousand springs. Here begins the home\\nof the Havasupais.\\nThe village occupies the whole length and width\\nof the canyon for a distance of some three miles,\\nbeginning at the schoolhouse, and continuing below\\nNavaho Falls, near to the upper portion of Bridal\\nVeil Falls. The river or creek winds irregularly\\nalong, first on one side and then on the other, flow-\\ning with great rapidity occasionally arrested by a\\nwell-constructed dam, which thus forms a large\\nreservoir, admirably adapted for the purposes of a\\nswimming pool. Almost the entire length of the\\ncreek, both in the village and below the falls, is\\nlined with willows, Cottonwood, mesquite, or other\\ngreen trees hence the name bestowed upon the\\npeople by Cashing, The Nation of the Willows.\\nNo people on earth have a more picturesque home.\\nRugged grandeur, combined with quiet beauty\\nflowing water with ponderous rocky walls blue\\nsky and blue water, ha-ha-va-su green trees and\\nred precipices tiny ha-wa s where merry naked\\nchildren gambol, laugh, and play fertile fields in", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0354.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n277\\nwhich men and women patiently labor sheltered\\nnooks under shady trees, where women deftly weave\\nwater-tight baskets, dress buckskin, or grind their\\ncorn or grass-seeds gossiping places where men sit\\nand talk over the faults and frailties of women, or\\nwhere old men tell of the days of the long ago\\nwhen the world was young and the coyote ate the\\nheart of their ancestors, and made the deeps of\\ntheir canyon home, these are what one sees. The\\nwalls of the canyon at this point are in the red sand-\\nstone of the carboniferous, and their deep, rich,\\nbeautiful red is the dominant color. Seen in the\\nupper part of the canyon, before the village is\\nreached, and without the contrasting effects of the\\nvaried greens of the trees and fields, the red be-\\ncomes monotonous, but here it is never wearisome,\\nnever obtrusive. Here and there where the walls\\nare a little more broken, or the canyon a trifle\\nwider, one may see the red strata above, the talus\\nsloping backward and leading to the great precipices\\nof the cross-bedded sand and limestone. These are\\nlighter in color than the red, and, when illuminated\\nby the direct rays of the sun while the red below\\nis in shadow, the picture scarcely seems like solid,\\nunyielding rock, but a fairy vision fit for the setting\\nof some Arabian Night s tale.\\nThat night we were invited to camp at the ha-wa\\nof Tom, the kohot Navaho s eldest son. A kohot\\nof the Havasupais is the chief. Navaho was the\\nkohot, but there were four sub-chiefs or kohot-\\nkedjes, and Tom was the senior of these four.\\nCalling to his eldest daughter, Jennie, Tom bade\\nher wash her hands in several waters, which she", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0355.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "2/8 IN AND AROUND\\ndutifully did in order that Mr. Bass and his white\\nfriends might be fully assured of their cleanliness,\\nand then calling upon the former for rneala flour,\\nmeiila sugar, coffee, sci bacon, she made\\nas good biscuits (baked in a Dutch oven) as hungry\\nmen ever ate, ground the coffee and nicely prepared\\nit, fried the bacon, brought in a dozen fine roasting\\nears of corn (to me the most delicious portion of\\nthe meal), and a large kit-u basket of peaches.\\nSpreading one of our blankets on the ground and\\nplacing the food thereon, she called to us to sit up\\nand eat. We were not loath to do so, but we were\\nall somewhat amused, and poor Jennie considerably\\nchao^rined, to find that, not beino: accustomed to the\\nwhite man s salty bacon, she had liberally sprinkled\\nit with salt as if it had been a mess of fresh deer or\\nantelope.\\nPoor Jennie, she had a tragic history and\\nequally tragic death and some day, if no pen\\nmore gifted than mine makes her its theme, I shall\\nendeavor to do full justice to the memory of one\\nwho, though a dark-skinned Indian, was tender,\\ntrue-hearted, devoted to principle, and steadfast to\\nwhat she conceived to be right, even unto death.\\nNo sooner were we fairly established at Tom s\\nha-wa than the Indians began to flock around the\\nplace in the hope of speedily reaching Mr. Bass.\\nTheir devotion to him and his to them was touching\\nin the extreme, and, in the many trips I have made\\nto the Havasupais, generally in his company, I can\\ntestify to the truth of the following statement, which I\\nquote from an account (that has a place in my scrap-\\nbook) of some visitor s trip to Havasu Canyon.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0356.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 279\\nEverywhere the Indians had something to tell Mr. Bass,\\nmy guide now it was a tale of sorrow, sickness, or death;\\nnow asking for advice, now wishing him to settle some dif-\\nficulty for them. He listened to it all very patiently, and\\nalways had a word of comfort for them. All the money\\nhe had he gave them, and from his supplies he took flour,\\nsugar, matches, baking soda, and other things to distribute\\namong them. I also gave them all the change I had, for\\nnowhere was it more needed than among this destitute\\npeople.\\nThat night, as I stretched out on the sand in my\\nblankets, outside of Tom s ha-wa, the grandeur of\\nthe stupendous walls of the canyon impressed me\\nmore than they had during the day. Was there\\never such a sublime place before used by man as a\\nsite for his home Travellers come back to their\\nnative land full of descriptions of the great temples\\nof the Nile and the wonderful ruins of vast struc-\\ntures found elsewhere in the world, but where has\\nman ever contrived and erected dwellino^s between\\nwalls of rich red sandstone, formed of layers so per-\\nfectly and harmoniously placed that they appear\\nas if laid by a master mason, and that tower into\\nthe pure cobalt sky, two thousand feet and more\\nabove A sensitive soul is ever awed, a petty soul\\ndwarfed, and a religious soul elevated by contempla-\\ntion of them,\\nI was invited to share Tom s ha-wa, but when I\\nfound that in that one hut not only his own family,\\nhimself, wife and several sons and dausrhters,\\nbut also a number of relations, male and female,\\nwere also to be accommodated, I declined the offered\\nhospitality with thanks.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0357.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "28o\\nIN AND AROUND\\nNext morning saw the beginning of my studies\\nof the Havasupais, which have afforded me much\\npleasure and gratification ever since. Not far\\naway was an aged and almost helpless old man,\\nperfectly nude, struggling under a wicker frame\\nTo-HOL-wou Fra.me.\\nwhich his daughter covered over with blankets. A\\nbasket holding water was placed inside, and every\\nfew minutes she thrust hot rocks under the blan-\\nket. Before long the old man was sweating vigor-\\nously, but he remained in the to-hol-woh for fully\\ntwenty minutes longer. Then, hastily casting aside\\nthe blankets, the woman poured two or three large\\nollas-fuU of cold water over her helpless parent, after\\nwhich she wrapped him up in one of the blankets\\nand left him to dry in the sun.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0358.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 281\\nThis primitive Russo-Turkish bath is largely\\nused by the Havasupais, and I have seen a score\\nof men after taking it dash into the deep pools of the\\ncreek, bathe for half an hour or more, and then stretch\\nout and enjoy the warmth of the sun. A couple of\\nweeks ago (August, 1899) I was invited by some\\nof my Havasupai friends to enjoy To-hol-woh with\\nthem. The ground inside the wicker frame was\\nneatly covered with a layer of beautiful willow twigs,\\nand then the blankets pinned over the frame. By\\nthe side of the to-hol-woh was a log fire, in which\\ntwo or three scores of rocks were placed so as to\\nbecome thoroughly heated. I was honored by be-\\ning asked to become the first to take a seat in the\\nframe. Two others then followed, the blanket\\ndoor was shut, and three or four hot rocks\\nplaced to the right of the opening. My vis-a-vis,\\none of the medicine men, immediately began a wild,\\nexciting song, in the erratic music of which I en-\\ndeavored to join, while I exercised all my attention\\nto get at the words. I was able to catch enough to\\nexplain that the song is a recital of the advice given\\nto the earliest Havasupais by their gods, Ho-ko-\\nma-ta and To-cho-pa, that they must never neglect\\nTo-hol-woh.\\nMy children, my children, listen to me while to you I speak\\nearnestly.\\nI love you, or why should I have brought you into being.\\nI am To-cho-pa, the god of your fathers, who came up to earth\\nfrom the lowest recess\\nT was I who gave my daughter to be wooed of the sun and the\\nwater\\nThat you, my children, might be born and live upon the earth.\\nTo-hol-woh is good, my children, for I, To-cho-pa, give it to you.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0359.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "282 IN AND AROUND\\nMake it of willows, green willows, that grow on the banks of the\\nHavasu\\nCover it with willows and mud, that its heat may not be lost\\nIn the fire place rocks, large and many, and make them fiery hot\\nThen, as brothers, each help the other, as you sit in To-hol-woh\\nThose without shall bring the rocks made hot with fierce and\\nburning fire,\\nAnd those within shall sing and tell the words I have taught.\\nOh, To-hol-woh, thou art a gift from To-cho-pa.\\nLet the heat come, and enter within us, reach head, face, and lungs,\\nGo deep down in stomach, through arms, body, thighs.\\nThus shall we be purified, made well from all ill,\\nThus shall we be strengthened to keep back all that can harm,\\nFor heat alone gives life and force.\\nThis is a very rough translation, but it adequately\\nrepresents the song, shorn of its many repetitions,\\nsuch as\\nLet the heat enter our heads,\\nLet the heat enter our eyes,\\nLet the heat enter our ears.\\nLet the heat enter our nostrils,\\nand so on, line after line, stanza after stanza, until\\nevery known and unknown member of the body\\nhad been named.\\nAfter two songs a basket full of water was handed\\nto the priest, and he sprinkled it upon the hot rocks.\\nIn a moment the tiny place was filled with a fierce,\\nbiting steam, that made each breath seemingly of\\nfire, and I almost shrieked with its burning force.\\nBut it was my intention to bear all I could, in reason,\\nand the first few breaths taken I was able to join in\\nanother song (of the same burden) with earnestness\\nand fervor. At its close another sprinkling of water\\nand ascent of steam took place, and as hotter rocks\\nhad been inserted while we sang, it was all I could", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0360.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n283\\ndo to endure this second dose. But there was an-\\nother song and another steam due, ere the curtain\\nwas lifted and we came out. The priest stretched\\nhimself out in the sun, but the other victim, an In-\\ndian (who seemed to have enjoyed it), and myself\\n(who made believe he\\nhad), rushed to the\\ncreek, and there in a\\nfine swimming hole\\nrevelled in the water.\\nThen, after dressing,\\nas I stretched out in\\nthe sun, I began to feel\\nthe refreshing effects,\\nand no city Turkish\\nbath ever surpassed it,\\nthough had the swim\\nbeen followed with a\\nwell-administered\\nmassage, the later\\npleasures would have\\nbeen much enhanced.\\nOn first arrival at\\nthe village one s at-\\ntention is mainly at-\\ntracted to the Indians themselves.\\nThere is as much love of ornament among them\\nas is displayed by the Pueblos, but evidently poverty\\nallows them less opportunity for its gratification.\\nWhen possible, however, they will trade for or buy\\nfrom the Zunis or Navahos silver rings, bracelets,\\nnecklaces, belts, bridles, etc., and they display them\\nwith gratification and pride.\\nCopyright, 1898, by George Wharton James.\\nNavaho, the Kohot, or Chief of\\nTHE HavASUPAIS.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0361.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "284\\nIN AND AROUND\\nTheir domestic animals are mainly dogs, and a\\nfew cats are to be seen in some of the ha-was. The\\ndogs are not well cared for, and they look like half-\\nstarved, wolfish creatures, that are neither useful nor\\nornamental. They are often tied out in the gardens\\nand fruit patches to\\nkeep raccoons, foxes,\\nand other predatory\\nanimals from destroy-\\ning the fruit. I have\\nseldom seen a dog or\\na cat affectionately\\nhandled or petted,\\nthough it is no un-\\ncommon sight to see\\na great hulking lad\\ntake a young puppy\\nor a kitten and twist\\nits front legs over\\nupon its back, put it\\ndown, and laugh\\nheartily as he watches\\nits struggles to bring\\nits legs back to a\\nnormal position.\\nOnly the other day I saw a dozen big lads sur-\\nrounding a young raccoon, one of whose feet was fast\\nin a steel trap. They kicked and otherwise abused\\nit, set their dogs upon it, and enjoyed to the full the\\nhorrible tortures of the poor creature, and were sur-\\nprised when I insisted that it be immediately put\\nout of its misery.\\nAnd yet parents are invariably kind and affection-\\nCofiyrig/tt, ISyS, by Georgt- U Iiarton James.\\nOldest Squaw of the Kohot\\nNavaho.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0362.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 285\\nate to their children, and never seek to control them\\nby either harsh words or actions. The latter are\\nseldom disobedient to the expressed or known\\nwishes of the former. As a rule the old people are\\nwell cared for. They are watched and tended not\\nChick-a-pan-a-gi.\\nonly by their own relatives and friends, but the whole\\ntribe takes a kindly interest in their welfare.\\nThere is no definite method of giving names to\\nHavasupai children, many of them having none at\\nall until near or after the age of puberty. A name\\nwill be given because of some personal, facial, or\\nstrong mental characteristic, or in ridicule of some\\nhabit or other. For instance, one boy that I knew", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0363.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "286\\nIN AND AROUND\\nwas named Chi-i-wa, he having a goitre, and that\\nbeing its Havasupai name. Chick-a-pan-a-gi (bat)\\nreceived his name from the striking similarity his\\nface at times presents to that of a bat. Pu-ut was\\nvery proud of a Mexican sombrero that was given\\nto him, and wore\\nJ l^ww* -^.--X...^ it in and out of\\nseason, day and\\nnight; c o n s e-\\nquently its name\\n(pu-ut) was given\\nto him. One child,\\nin her mother s\\narms, naked,\\nplump, and round,\\nwas seen imper-\\nfectly by the wife\\nof the teacher, and\\nturning to the\\nmother she asked\\nWhat s that?\\nA watermelon\\nAnd from that\\none remark the\\nchild has received\\nits name for life, viz., Somaja the watermelon.\\nAnother child was given a pair of black pants,\\nmi-ki-u-la, and, expressing his unbounded delight\\nin them, the name was given to him. It sticks, and\\nwill stick until some important and striking event\\nhappening in his life suggests a change.\\nSome of the elders thus have several names, as has\\nVesna, who is also called Pu-ut.\\nI /jv /t, i(S;y.S /y George Wharton James\\nMan-a-ka-cha, present Kohot, or\\nChief of Havasupais.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0364.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n287\\nMany of the names given are proofs of the rude,\\nlusty animality of the people, for they are untrans-\\nlatable to ears polite, though to the Havasupais they\\nare every-day words and suggest no offence.\\nA great source of amusement to the little chil-\\nCopyright 1S98, by George Wharton James.\\nHavasupai Girls playing Game of Hui-ta-qui -chi-ka.\\ndren especially the girls is tossing three or\\nfour hard small melons as the jugglers do, seeing\\nhow many they can keep in the air at one time.\\nOften have I seen four, and sometimes five and six,\\nkept up together. Their eyes and quick, active\\nmotions make this an interesting occupation to\\nwitness.\\nAnother game, called Hui-ta-qui -chi-ka, is played\\nas follows\\nSquatted around a circle of small stones, the\\ncircle having an opening at a certain portion of", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0365.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "288 IN AND AROUND\\nits circumference, called the Yam-si-kyalb-yi-ka,\\nand a large flat stone in the centre, called Tad-bi-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0c/iz, the HavasLipai Indians play the game called\\nHiii-ta-qtii -cJii-ka. Any number of players can\\nengage in the game. These players are chosen\\ninto sides. The first player begins the game by\\nholding in his hand three pieces of short stick,\\nwhite on one side and red on the other. These\\nsticks are called Toh-be-ya, and take the place of\\nour dice. Rapidly they are flung upon the centre\\nstone, Tad-bi-chi-ka, and as they fall, counts are\\nmade as follows\\n3 whites up lO\\n2 whites and i red up 2\\n2 reds and i white up 3\\n3 reds up 5\\nTallies are kept by placing short sticks between\\nthe stones hiii that compose the circle, one\\nside counting in one direction from the opening\\nYam-si-kyalb-yi-ka, and the other side keeping\\ntally in the opposite direction.\\nOf late years this gamic has been one of the\\nmost popular forms of gambling with the Hava-\\nsupai, and even the girls now play it, gambling for\\nsafety-pins or other girls treasures.\\nBut space forbids lengthened description of this\\ninteresting people. Elsewhere I must write more\\nfully about them.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0366.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0367.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0368.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n289\\nCHAPTER XXVni\\nHAVASU (CATARACT) CANYON AND ITS WATERFALLS\\nAND LIMESTONE CAVES\\nIT is at the foot of the cottonwood trees before\\nmentioned that Havasu Creek bubbles up in a\\nthousand springs to enjoy an open-air existence for\\nNavaho Falls, Havasu Caxyox.\\nthe remainder of its journey to the Colorado River.\\nIt is no figure of speech to say a thousand springs,\\nfor the creek is alive with them all the way down,\\nsome small and others as large as a man s thigh.\\n19", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0369.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "290\\nIN AND AROUND\\nAt Navaho Falls, half a mile below the village, the\\nstream is fully ten feet wide and about four feet\\ndeep, and flows rapidly. As the water emerges\\nfrom the ground it is neither cold nor pure. It\\nis slightly warm, and though clean to the eye, is\\nheavily charged with lime and oxides.\\nThese sediments are answerable for the astonish-\\ning process which is constantly in operation imme-\\ndiately below the Havasupai village. They rapidly\\nsolidify, clinging to anything that affords sufficient\\nresistance to overcome the force of the current. It\\nseems that at some remote period the inner chasm\\nbelow where the Indians now live became gorged\\nand choked at different points by falling boulders,\\nthus forming a base for the cataracts and waterfalls\\nit now contains. The velocity of the current was\\nchecked, its carrying capacity reduced, and the\\nwork of building up commenced. Destruction at\\none point, reconstruction at another. Trees, vines,\\netc., took root in the alluvial deposits. Each suc-\\ncession of vegetation became enwrapped in a solid\\ncasement of lime, while the sand and debris were\\nheld in check and firmly cemented together in a\\nconglomerate mass. For ages the solidifying pro-\\ncess has been going on, building outward and up-\\nward. Miles and miles of this conglomerate or\\nnative concrete may here be seen, as well as the\\nprocesses of manufacture in active operation. There\\nare tree trunks, doubtless encased when growing,\\nand now exposed by later erosion of the surround-\\ning deposit. Scores of caves are found, full of red-\\ndish, creamy accretions, some as delicate as the\\nfinest ferns, others that rival the cobwebs in their", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0370.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 291\\nfrailty and surpass them in beauty. Above Navaho,\\nBridal Veil, and Mooney Falls one may spend hours\\nransacking these repositories of exquisite workman-\\nship not made with hands, and by the sides of\\nBridal Veil and Mooney Falls, in places over which\\nthe lime-charged waters used to flov/, especially\\nbeautiful specimens of these accretions are to be\\nfound. Just below Bridal Veil Falls is a great mass\\nof this concrete, reaching almost the entire width\\nof the canyon. It is covered by a wild tangle of\\ntrees, shrubs, and undergrowth, yet careful study of\\nits surface demonstrates that it was once the retard-\\ning pathway of the creek, which, at some impetu-\\nous period in its history, when made swollen and\\nfierce by flood waters, rasped and cut a narrow way\\nto the right, through which it still flows. For,\\nallowing for the natural erosion, this wall which\\nis approximately from sixty to one hundred feet\\ndeep, an eighth of a mile wide, and a quarter of a\\nmile long presents the same appearance as the\\nquarter or half mile in the narrow canyon above.\\nHere the bed of the stream, which extends across\\nthe entire canyon, is covered in many places with a\\ngrowth of Cottonwood trees. Wherever a root has\\nbeen exposed the solidification of the carbonates\\nhas taken place, and, as one stumbles and jumps\\nhis way along, he crosses scores of small, large and\\nlarger basins, some of them ten, fifteen and more\\nfeet deep, and equally wide and long, all made by\\nthe upbuilding of these sediments clinging to roots,\\nfibres, or arrested debris. Nothing can be more\\nstrange and picturesque than these basins. They\\nremind one somewhat of the geyser basins in the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0371.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "292 IN AND AROUND\\nYellowstone, but, being surrounded and overshad-\\nowed by trees, and filled with clear running water,\\nand extending for a long distance, they are far more\\nattractive and romantic.\\nIn trying to reach Beaver Falls, which is several\\nmiles below Mooney Fall, I found hundreds of\\nthese basins. Indeed, the only way my companion\\nand I could make progress was by swimming the\\npools, one after another, where the concrete edges\\nwere too weak or narrow to allow us to walk over\\nthem. This was exhausting^ and wearisome work,\\nand, after three miles of it, we determined to go no\\nfarther, and with difficulty struggled, waded, and\\nswam our way back. Never again since have I\\ntried to reach Beaver Falls ^/la^ way.\\nThere are five waterfalls in Havasu Canyon. The\\nfirst is Havasupai Falls, a small but picturesque\\nsplurge of waters not far below the village. The\\nnext, a few hundred yards farther down, is Navaho\\nFalls, more pretentious and strikingly beautiful but\\nit is so inferior to the next falls, generally known as\\nBridal Veil Falls, that in these already too-expanded\\npages I must forego the pleasure of describing it.\\nBridal Veil Falls Wa-ha-hath-peek-ha-ha is,\\nto my mind, the most exquisitely beautiful water-\\nfall in the world. There is nothing in the Yosemite\\nthat, for rich delicacy of beauty and rare combina-\\ntion of charms, can equal it. Sit down in the grass\\nin the magnificent amphitheatre built by Nature\\nimmediately before it, and drink of its delicate\\nbeauty to the full. Na}^! you cannot do that in\\none hour s view. You must study it ere you can\\nknow all that makes it what it is, a thing of beauty", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0372.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n293\\nand a joy forever. To the left and right are\\ntowering cliffs two thousand feet high, of red sand-\\nstone. At your feet is rich green grass, and a deli-\\ncate gauzy growth, as fine as asparagus grass which\\ncovers the ground with fairy-like lace and makes\\na carpet fit for\\na Midsummer\\nNight s Dream\\ndance. Above,\\njust on the edge\\nof the fall, are\\nseveral trees, rich\\nin their new dress\\nof spring leaves,\\nwith the red moun-\\ntains and azure\\nsky, as richly blue\\nas that of the Medi-\\nterranean, form-\\ning a singularly\\npicturesque back-\\nground for the\\nincomparable fall\\nunderneath. The\\nleafy branches\\noverhang the falling water, and drop down so as\\nto mingle their green with the blue and green of\\nthe water and the fluffy white spray of the fall,\\nwhilst ivy, peculiar vines, climbing clematis, maiden-\\nhair and other ferns, columbines, and rich and rare\\nmosses, in a perfect revelry of green shading, cover\\nthe rocky setting of the fall with a grace and elegance\\nthat would be at once the envy and the despair of any\\nBridal Veil Falls, Havasu Canyon.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0373.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "294 IN AND AROUND\\nlandscape artist. But even this does not complete\\nthe description of the background of the fall. The\\nsediment in the water, before spoken of, combined\\nwith the small shrubs, etc., which grow profusely,\\nhas made a number of caves some laro^e, others\\nsmall, as if a number of umbrella trees, growing up-\\nright on the face of the cliff, had been drenched\\nwith water, and then, whilst the water was still fall-\\ning, by some magic art, trees, leaves, branches, and\\nwater had all become red stone. Now, with such a\\nbackground, enjoy the fall Wa-hath-peek-ha-ha. It\\nis not one sheet of water, as the Niagara or Vernal\\nor Nevada or Yosemite, but there are at least five\\nhundred different streams, one large, three or four\\nlesser ones, and the remainder mere tiny baby falls,\\nwhich, flowing over the varied red and green behind,\\nmake up this fairy-like scene. Fairy-like Yes,\\nindeed it is Shut out the world beyond from your\\nthought, let your imagination have free play, and in\\nfive minutes Oberon and Titania, and all the hosts\\nof Shakespeare s fairyland, are dancing on the grass,\\nmerrily tripping in and out of their own caves be-\\nhind the falling water, laughing and playing with the\\ndashing spray, while mermaids, tritons, and nereids\\nsplash and dash in the pools beneath as the water\\nfalls upon them. Pan is alive again His pipes\\nare heard in the singing of melodious waters as\\nthey descend, and dash, and babble, and murmur\\nand gurgle on their way to the far-off sea.\\nIn a booklet recently issued some one has had\\nthe effrontery to place the following as the title\\nunder an engraving of these falls The Hance\\nFalls, Grand Canyon. Such a designation reflects", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0374.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 295\\nno honor upon the author of the book, as it is a\\nfalse and misleading title. These falls are not in\\nthe Grand Canyon, and the association with them\\nof the above name, which is synonymous with noth-\\ning that is beautiful, true, honest, pure, lovely, and\\nof good report, is a desecration and an imperti-\\nnence that every true soul will resent.\\nThere are four modes of descent to Bridal Veil\\nFalls, all of which I have followed, though the way\\ngenerally taken is the path on the left-hand side of\\nHavasupai Canyon and down by the Miner s Trail.\\nOne may clamber down the side of Navaho Falls,\\nor ofo alonsf the res^ular trail to the left until he\\ncomes to a break in the marble wall, which leads by\\na scary foothold here and there down to the open\\nspace a few hundred feet above the fall. Or, he\\nmay cross to the right-hand side of the canyon,\\neither above or below Havasupai Falls, and then,\\ntying his horse to an immense boulder on the\\nplateau, scale the wall over and through the caves\\nto the bed of the canyon which is seen to the left,\\nwhen looking towards the falls from below. And\\nwhat a descent that climb is First a few foot-\\nholes cut into the rock, then through a manhole\\neight or ten feet deep into the heart of one of the\\ngreat caves, before described, formed by the carbon-\\nate of lime in the waterfall of centuries ago when\\nthis was the place of its life, instead of fifty or one\\nhundred feet away. Here another hole of fifteen\\nor twenty feet is to be crawled through, and then\\nmore hand and foot holes, where one clings to\\nthe face of the wall as a cat climbs up a tree.\\nIt is ticklish work, and requires clear brain.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0375.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "296 IN AND AROUND\\nsteady eye, and strong muscles to accomplish it in\\nsafety.\\nThe caves here are the most beautiful and per-\\nfect I have ever found. They are such caves as\\nour childish imagination used to people with mer-\\nmaids under the sea, only all the seaweeds, kelp, and\\nsalt water are gone, and the caves are high and dry\\nin the heart of this canyon. There are lace-work\\nin most delicate tints, masses and masses of coral,\\nand festoons of stone sponges in all the caves, and\\nthere are small caves leading from large caves, and\\ncaves within caves, caves below caves, caves above\\ncaves, and labyrinth after labyrinth of caves, all full\\nof these exquisite and delicate specimens of lime-\\nstone accretions.\\nIt appears as if tree branches, the leafage of\\nshrubs, ferns, trailing vines, creepers, etc., had all\\nbeen caught by the overflowing water, and bowed\\ndown in umbrella form, and there, in that position,\\ncoated with the red limestone deposit before referred\\nto. Imagine a score or a hundred of these stone\\nmasses, appearing one above another, and all across\\nthe face of the cliff over which Bridal Veil Falls\\nleap, irregular in arrangement, diverse in form and\\nsize, and yet all having the umbrella shape, and you\\nhave a faint conception of these peculiar and in-\\nteresting formations.\\nOf course only half the umbrella is presented.\\nIt is as if a large number of different-sized stone\\numbrellas had been cut in half, and then cemented\\non the rock wall for the water to tumble over.\\nInside and underneath each formation are stalac-\\ntites and stalagmites, crystals, lime-covered moss.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0376.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n297\\nferns, vines, shrubs, tree trunks, branches, bunches\\nof leaves, masses of debris, but all made into fairy-\\nlike lace-work by the slow weaving of the stone-\\nladen waters. I have several tree roots and branches\\ncovered from half an inch to an inch in thickness\\nHavasu between Bridal Veil Falls and Mooney Fall.\\nwith the stem still green and living within. I have\\nseen scores of tree trunks, in the older formations,\\ncompletely surrounded, sometimes the tree rotten\\nto punk, in other cases so firm that they could be\\npulled out, thus leaving the stone matrix empty.\\nFrom Bridal Veil Falls to Mooney Fall is a\\nmost interesting walk. There is just enough of\\nadventure in it to give spice and vim, even for\\nladies but of course they, as well as the sterner\\nsex, must dress in such a manner as to enable them\\nto face the roughness without fear. The distance", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0377.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "298 IN AND AROUND\\nis a mile, and the first part of the trip is over the\\npeculiar red limestone formation already described.\\nThere are acres and acres of it, piled up in some\\nplaces two, three, or four hundred feet high. Tree\\ntrunks, branches, leaves, twigs, are still found em-\\nbedded in the lithoid substance, and in the hidden\\nrecesses of the caves rare specimens may be found,\\nas delicate in appearance as the finest Mexican\\nfiligree work, and yet ready to fall to pieces at the\\nslightest touch. They are composed of the skeletons\\nof leaves, plants, and flowers, covered with a very\\nslight lime formation, as if the troll of the waterfall\\nhad but breathed on them as they decayed.\\nFarther down, the surface of this formation has\\nso disintegrated as to afford plentiful nourishment\\nfor plant and tree life, and there is an extensive\\narea covered with a tans^le of cottonwoods and\\nunderbrush. Climbing up the sides of the canyon,\\nwhich become deeper as we go farther down, are\\nvines, clematis, ivy, and other creeping shrubs, and\\non examining these I was astonished and delighted\\nto find, in a score of places, the water trickling\\ndown, filtered of its reddening substance, and de-\\npositing its lime in a million fantastic forms on\\nrocks, tree, fern, moss, and flower. Stalactites\\ntwenty feet long are found, hidden in tiny caves,\\nlong narrow cracks, that just allow the pendent\\nlime column to hang. By and by, if left undis-\\nturbed, these columns will so expand as to fill up\\nthe crevices, and a limestone layer will be made,\\nto be further solidified by time, and in after years\\nto be exposed, perhaps, as an object lesson in\\ngeological infiltration. This is not mere theory.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0378.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0379.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0380.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 299\\nfor I have watched the processes on my different\\nvisits, and in many cases have found the growth\\nof lithoid matter exactly as here described, both be-\\nhind the falls and in the canyon wall crevices.\\nCrossing the stream, in several places, on tree\\ntrunks, we come at last to a deserted mine. White\\nmen discovered a fairly rich silver mine, worked it\\nfor a time, built a trail at considerable expense out\\nfrom the canyon to the plateau above, and then de-\\nserted it. In rambling about the tunnels I found a\\ncouple of boxes and sacks, in which were sticks of\\ndynamite, candles, etc., the latter gnawed by the rats.\\nOn the dump are still to be found good specimens\\nof ore, bearing silver and gold in paying quantities.\\nJust above Mooney Fall the creek flows directly\\nunder the right wall of the canyon. Its roar fills\\nour ears as we walk with and wade in the stream,\\nand at length we stand on the summit and look\\ndown through the spray and mist into the great\\nbasin below. We are able here to trace the path\\nof this fall. The umbrella-shaped lithoid formation\\noccurs here as at Navaho and Bridal Veil Falls,\\nand, as the debris, washed down in the stream, has\\ncaught and solidified, the water has been diverted,\\nfirst to one side, then to the other, until it has filled\\nup the entire canyon from wall to wall with these\\nbeautiful appearances.\\nTo the left of the fall we are able to climb down\\nover a number of these umbrellas to a lower\\nlevel, and there we can obtain not only a better\\nview of the fall, but can explore a score of the\\ncaves under the umbrellas, where most delicate\\nspecimens are to be obtained.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0381.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "300 IN AND AROUND\\nThis fall is named by the old Indians Mother of\\nthe Waters, but by the whites, and now even by the\\nyounger Havasupais, Mooney Fall. This name was\\nconferred upon it in memory of James Mooney, a\\nmining prospector, who lost his life here in the\\nyear 1880. Mooney was a sailor, who, weary of his\\nsea-faring life, settled at Prescott, Arizona, and\\nbecame a miner. Learning of the Grand Canyon\\nand its tributaries from cowboys and others who\\nhad traversed the banks of the great gorge, and\\ndoubtless fired with stories that have never ceased\\nto circulate in this region about valuable mines dis-\\ncovered and worked by the Spaniards and the\\nIndians and then abandoned, he with four others\\nstarted from Prescott on a prospecting trip. They\\ncame in safety to the Havasupai village, and were\\nhospitably received. Near the foot of Bridal Veil\\nFalls they prospected and made some locations,\\nand then pushed on until they reached the summit\\nof these falls. Mooney, being the most adventur-\\nous of the party, urged an immediate descent to the\\nlower plateau. How were they to reach the foot of\\nthe fall He would descend by means of the\\nrope they had brought. One end was securely\\nfastened above and the other thrown over the\\nprecipice. Without waiting to see whether the\\nrope reached the bottom, Mooney grasped it in\\nboth hands, coiled it around his leg, and was soon\\nslipping down to the depths beneath. His com-\\npanions, unable to see him, waited long enough, as\\nthey thought, to enable him to reach the bottom,\\nbut no sign or signal did Mooney give. They\\ntried, by peering over the precipice, to see where", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0382.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 301\\nhe landed, but in vain. Then one of them, seizing\\nthe rope, pulled upon it, and as it immediately\\nyielded, found there was no one upon it conse-\\nquently Mooney must have reached the bottom.\\nBut still he gave no signal. They shouted and\\nshouted, but no answer was returned. At last,\\nthoroughly alarmed, and fearing that their comrade\\nhad met with an accident, they sought a place from\\nwhich they could see where the rope hung. To\\ntheir horror they found that it did not reach to the\\nbottom of the precipice, and saw that Mooney,\\nrelying upon its reaching the bottom, had dropped\\nunknowingly and unconsciously to his death. He\\nmust have been so surprised when he came to the\\nend of rope as to be incapable of giving any alarm,\\nor, if he did so, its sound was lost in the roar of the\\nfalling water. It is possible that he discovered that\\nthe rope was too short, but in throwing it over\\nthe precipice he had carelessly allowed it to enter\\na crevice, which would prevent his pulling himself\\nup hand over hand. However it had happened,\\nthere was no doubt as to his fall, for there he lay.\\nIn vain his friends tried to descend the tragic\\ndepths, and at last, finding it impossible, sadly they\\ngave up the trip and returned to Prescott. It was\\nnot until ten months later that a party of them re-\\nturned, so equipped that they were enabled to\\nbuild and put in place a ladder, which, in an un-\\nsafe and dangerous condition, still remained when I\\nmade my 1898 trip, by means of which they de-\\nscended. There they found the remains of their\\nfriend. Reverently they dug a grave, and covered\\nall that was left of him who had gone to his death", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0383.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "302 IN AND AROUND\\nin so sudden a manner. When I first visited the\\nfall, the grave of Mooney was still to be seen,\\nalthough one end of it had been washed away\\nduring some unusual rise of the water in the can-\\nyon. It has now completely disappeared.\\nAbout six miles below Mooney Fall is a smaller\\ncataract named Beaver Falls, from the large number\\nof beaver constantly at work there. Five miles far-\\nther and the junction of Havasu Canyon with the\\nGrand Canyon Hack-a-tai-a takes place. I\\nhave never seen this junction. Several times I\\nhave tried to reach it, but some unforeseen and un-\\nprovided for difBculty has always interposed. Some\\nday perhaps I shall succeed.\\nThe Havasupais call the Grand Canyon Hack-a-\\ntai-a Chic-a-mi-mi. The first word signifies any\\nloud, roaring sound, whether caused by a fierce\\nwind or the dashing of the waters the latter\\nword means a large canyon. The Colorado River\\nalways gives this roaring noise, especially in the\\nregion of the rapids. So the name Hack-a-tai-a\\nto them has come to mean the canyon as a whole.\\nHence, when a Havasupai would tell you he is\\ngoing to the canyon, he says, Ya-ma-gi Hack-a-\\ntai-a, I go to the place of the roaring sound.\\nHis own canyon is Havasu Chic-a-mi-ga the\\nsmall canyon of the Blue Water, Chic-a-mi-ga be-\\ning a small canyon.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0384.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0385.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0386.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 303\\nCHAPTER XXIX\\nAN ADVENTURE IN BEAVER CANYON\\nI HAVE had many a perilous adventure in my\\nten years of exploring in the canyons of the\\nColorado River, but none so peculiar as one I\\npassed through this year (1899). My note-book,\\nsays\\nI sit here late in the afternoon of Saturday, Au-\\ngust 3, 1899, alive, well, and happy. An hour ago\\nmy Indian guide and friend, Wa-lu-tha-ma, of\\nthe tribe of the Havasu, and myself were entrapped\\nin a deep gorge, where the sun shines for but one\\nor two hours in the day, between two precipices,\\nthe one descending over fifty feet and the other\\nascending about twenty-five feet. The space be-\\ntween these two precipices is perhaps two hundred\\nto two hundred and fifty feet long, and is occupied\\nby a deep pool of water. An hour ago I almost\\ndespaired of leaving the place alive. Bruised,\\nbleeding, exhausted with my futile endeavors to\\nscale the smaller precipice down which we had\\ncome, I sank back into the deep water almost help-\\nless, the Indian had about given up in despair,\\nwhen I determined upon making another and a\\ndifferent effort.\\nFor years, as related in the preceding chapter,\\nI have endeavored to reach the junction of Havasu", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0387.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "304 IN AND AROUND\\n(Cataract) Canyon with the main canyon of the\\nColorado River (Chic-a-mi-rai Hack-a-tai-a), but\\nhave not yet succeeded. Others starting from the\\nHavasupai village claim that they have stood where\\nthe pure blue waters of Havasu Creek mingle with\\nthe dirty red of the Colorado, but my efforts have\\nnot been crowned with success.\\nOn talking the matter over with Wa-lu-tha-ma,\\nwho with Yu-ta controls this portion of the canyon\\nas a range for his stock, he suggested that, instead\\nof descending to the foot of Mooney Fall, we ride\\nalong the plateau above, detour to the south to the\\nhead of a short but frightfully deep tributary can-\\nyon known as Beaver Canyon, ascend to its head,\\nand, starting down its bed, reach the junction that\\nway. It is astonishing how easy such trips look\\nwhen one is merely talking or writing about them,\\nand how the difBculties magnify as the endeavor is\\nbeing made.\\nI decided to attempt the descent the way Wa-\\nlu-tha-ma suggested, and on Saturday, August 3,\\n1899, the two of us set forth. We rode along on\\nthe edge of the canyon, on the plateau made by\\nthe long-ago denudation of the strata above, and\\nat places came to where, without dismounting from\\nmy horse, I could look down into the frightful\\ndepths of the canyon to my right, to where the\\nCottonwood trees and flowing w^ater gave life and\\nwondrous enchantment to what would otherwise\\nhave been an awful hell of barren rocks. For the\\nwalls here were not more than a couple of stone\\nthrows apart, two hundred or three hundred yards,\\nand yet they were a sheer two thousand feet or", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0388.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 305\\nmore in actual, unbroken depth. No wonder that\\neven the Indian kept as far away from the edge as\\nhe could.\\nAll the morning we rode, turning at length from\\nthe southwesterly direction of the course of the\\ncanyon of the Havasu to the south, where the tribu-\\ntary Beaver Canyon entered. This canyon at\\nits junction with the Havasu is as majestic, grand,\\nand awe-inspiring as the main canyon, but it\\nrapidly narrows, going towards its head, until there\\nare places where the sun seldom, if ever, reaches\\nthe bottom, a canyon of perpetual gloom. To\\nthe head of this we rode, some three or four miles\\nfrom the point of its junction. After finding water\\nfor our horses and turning them loose to graze\\nuntil our return, which we calculated might be in\\ntwo or three days, we prepared for the descent.\\nWe had provisions enough for scant three days,\\nbut they were hearty and good. Wa-lu-tha-ma\\ntook them on his back, and also carried two long,\\nstout ropes, which we anticipated the possibility of\\nneeding. After walking down perhaps a quarter\\nof a mile, we lunched and then pushed forward.\\nIn less than an hour we came to the place of our\\nfate, the place where I now write, and where Wa-\\nlu-tha-ma lies asleep, wearied, exhausted with his\\nheroic and successful climb back to life. Poor\\nfellow it is time we were returning, but I have n t\\nthe heart to awaken him. Let him sleep and gain\\nthe rest he has well deserved, for had it not been\\nfor him I should be down below on the nether\\nedge of that pool, shivering myself to death, a\\nshiver more of fear than of cold.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0389.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "3o6 IN AND AROUND\\nWe had passed one rather big downward jump\\ncaused by a blocking boulder when we came to\\nthis. Try to picture two marble walls, several\\nhundred feet high and less than twenty feet wide.\\nImmediately where we are two immense boulders\\nof sandstone have fallen in, and, aided with lesser\\nrocks, have completely blocked up the narrow\\nspace. To the right the tiny stream flows rapidly\\ndown the steep bed of the canyon. It dashes into\\na small pool under the larger of the two boulders\\nand then down a marble slide or shute into the\\ngreat pool beneath, which is fully twenty feet in\\ndepth at this end. When we reached this spot\\nWa-lu-tha-ma, after examining it, laughed and\\ncried out, No in-yah-a no trail, no way, and\\nsaid we must go back. Seeing my intense disap-\\npointment, he looked again, and as I gazed into\\nthe dark pool of deep waters I asked whether\\nhe dare plunge into this deep reservoir, and swim\\nto the farther end, and there look down to see\\nwhat the prospects were for continuing our jour-\\nney. He said he would go if I would. We\\ncould tie the rope to a boulder above and then\\npull ourselves up after we had investigated the\\nsituation.\\nNo sooner said than done. We undressed. I\\ncarelessly threw the rope over a boulder and asked\\nhim to fasten it before he ventured his weight\\nupon it. Laughing and thoughtless, Wa-lu-tha-ma\\nseized the rope without inspecting it, lowered him-\\nself, and plunged in. Calling out that the water\\nwas ha-ni-gi! good I followed, and, to my\\nhorror, just as I put pressure upon the rope it", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0390.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 307\\nslipped from off the boulder and precipitated me\\ninto the pool. I sank, but my heart rose into my\\nmouth, and I felt what did I not feel? as I\\ncame to the surface and looked up that horrible\\nmarble slide down which the w^ater was flowing,\\nas it had been doing for centuries, making the rock\\nas smooth as if polished by a lapidary, and up the\\nother side where the sandstone boulder stood at\\nan angle so slightly tilted from the perpendicular\\nas to seem absolutely precipitous. How should\\nwe get back The Indian laughed with thought-\\nless glee. No yarm-i-gi, he cried, no way of\\ngetting back. Hastily I swam to the lower end of\\nthe pool and found worse conditions there than at\\nthe upper end. It was another precipice deeper\\nthan the one over which we had come, and at the\\nfoot of it another pool equally as large as the one\\nthrough which we had swum. And what beyond?\\nI did n t know, but Wa-lu-tha-ma did. There was\\nno way out down there, he said, except to struggle\\non, naked as we were, to the junction of the Havasu,\\nthen up to Mooney Fall, and endeavor to climb\\nout up the old and dangerous ladder.\\nThis made even the Indian serious, and, swim-\\ning to the upper end, he tried and tried and tried\\nagain to scale the marble slide and the sandstone\\nwall. But they were alike insensible to the danger\\nof our state, and yielded not an iota of their impos-\\nsible conditions. Then I tried, and the rough\\nsandstone scraped away large pieces of my cuticle\\nhere and there, and the cruel marble bruised me\\nalmost everywhere as I slipped and slipped again in\\nmy desperate attempts to ascend.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0391.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "3o8 IN AND AROUND\\nThen it was that I thought of trying to remove\\na smaller boulder that acted as a keystone by the\\nside of the great boulder that dammed the lower\\nend of the pool. I thought if this could be taken\\nup, a large amount of the water of the upper pool\\nwould flow away and give us a better chance for\\nour escape, than struggling up a steep-faced rock\\ndirectly from deep water. But Wa-lu-tha-ma\\nthought the water better than nothing to fall back\\nin. Nothing, meant being bruised on the rocks\\nbeneath, and perhaps dashed to death. Then why\\nnot try to carry some of the smaller rocks; build\\nup a standing place get it as high as possible\\nthen one of us stand on that to give the other a\\nboost up the rock to where, possibly, a hand-\\nhold could be reached, and thus escape made\\npossible. It was hard work to swim, sometimes\\non the surface, but oftener under the water, with\\nheavy rocks in our hands, and it was frightfully\\nslow work building up a pile high enough to be of\\nany service. But we kept at it. Sometimes we\\ngot a rock half-way across the pool and were\\ncompelled to drop it. Then rising to the surface\\nfor air, we would float a moment or two, regain\\nbreath, strength, and courage, dive down, seize the\\nrock, and with a desperate forward dive seek to put\\nit in place.\\nAt last I deemed the pile high enough. We\\nsat down and rested, and studied out a plan of\\naction. Wa-lu-tha-ma was to q;o first, oret on the\\npile, and obtain as good a hand and foot hold as he\\ncould. I was to follow, and, planting myself firmly\\non the rock pile, help him up in any and every", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0392.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 309\\nway until he could stand on my body or shoulders\\nor head, and thus get out. Fortunately we had a\\nsecond rope above, so that it was not necessary for\\nhim to be weighted with the innocent cause of our\\nmisfortune as he made his endeavors. We did as\\nwe had planned. Twice he slipped back, and\\nforced me to make a backward dive off the pile.\\nBut the third time he fairly seemed to hang on\\nwith his fingernails and eyebrows, while I braced\\nmyself to bear his strugglings as he stood on my\\nbody and shoulders reaching upwards. At last,\\nwith one shout and a grunt of content his weight\\nleft me, and he was safe on top. Joyfully I dived\\nin, returned to the other end of the pool for the\\ntreacherously tied rope, swam back, and pulled\\nmyself out as Wa-lu-tha-ma held the other rope.\\nIt is easy to laugh at it all, now that it is over,\\nbut as I stretch over Wa-lu-tha-ma s sleeping form\\nere I wake him, and look down into that deep\\nshady pool, the shivers go over me, and I ask\\nmyself two questions: What would I have done\\nwithout Wa-lu-tha-ma and, Is there a Providence\\nthat watches over such a careless explorer as\\nI am.?\\nWe were tired out when we arrived late that\\nafternoon at Wa-lu-tha-ma s ha-wa, which we had\\nleft in the morning. The Havasupais had openly\\nprophesied that we could not make the descent, so\\nI was not surprised, three minutes after our return,\\nto see men, women, and children come around as\\nif they had been on the lookout. As soon as\\npossible Wa-lu-tha-ma and I sat down to eat,\\nsurrounded by about thirty of the Indians. They", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0393.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "lO\\nIN AND AROUND\\nlistened with great glee to the recital, by my com-\\npanion, of our attempt and failure. I was made\\nthe butt of the major part of the fun. Wa-lu-tha-ma\\nate and ate and continued to eat, and the coffee-pot\\nwas twice replenished ere he had completed his\\nWa-lu-tha-ma telling the Story on our Return.\\nstory. Knowing the joking propensities of his\\npeople and their utter indifference to the feelings\\nof any person out of whom they can extract a little\\nfun, I was prepared for the rude jokes and vulgar\\nwitticisms expended upon me, and sat eating and\\ndrinking with the stolidity of a Hottentot or a\\nHavasupai. If they enjoyed making me the object\\nof their fun I was quite willing, since I was safe out\\nof the adventure.\\nBut I am going again some day.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0394.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 311\\nCHAPTER XXX\\nTHE GEOLOGY OF THE GRAND CANYON\\nTO discuss exhaustively, in a few pages, the\\ngeology of the Grand Canyon, when Major\\nPowell and Captain Button required large vol-\\numes for the purpose, is an evident impossibility.\\nAll I can do is to give an outline of their theory.\\nSimultaneous with the deposition of the sedimen-\\ntary strata in the ocean beds which afterwards\\nbecame the plateaux of the Grand Canyon region,\\nthe uplift and subsidence consequent upon the\\ncooling and contracting of the earth s surface were\\ngoing on. For it must be remembered that in\\nthose early days of the earth s history its crust was\\nin a far more heated, and therefore plastic condition,\\nthan it is now. So that when vast sedimentary\\ndeposits were rapidly made in any given area, the\\nyielding earth subsided, and thus afforded room for\\nmore and higher deposits.\\nThese processes of deposition and subsidence\\ncontinued until, for some reason or other, a new\\nera set in. The depositions ceased, the subsidence\\nwas reversed, and uplift began. And ere long\\n(geologically speaking the matter that had been\\ndeposited under water as sand, silt, and what not,\\nnow appeared above the face of the waters as solid\\nrock that latest deposited appearing first. And,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0395.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "312 IN AND AROUND\\nif the uplift continues long enough, all the strata\\nthus deposited are exposed, and perhaps also the\\narchaean and plutonic rocks beneath. This is what\\nwe actually find to be the case in the Grand\\nCanyon.\\nAt the mouth of the Little Colorado clear evi-\\ndences of uplift and subsidence are seen in con-\\nnection with the non-conformable strata of the\\npre-carboniferous era. Here, with a thickness of\\nabout five hundred feet, strata are found, in a tilted\\ncondition, upon which are horizontally deposited\\nthe several thousand feet of the carboniferous era.\\nTo the geologist the history of these strata is easily\\nread. It tells of ten thousand feet of rock sub-\\nstance deposited horizontally upon the plutonic\\nformations ^eons ago. In the uplift that followed\\ntheir deposition they were tilted. While thus\\nthrust out and tilted, denudation began. This\\nundoubtedly was rapid and fierce, for ninety-five\\nhundred feet were removed and washed down by\\nthe river.\\nBut the non-scientific reader asks How do you\\nknow ninety-five hundred feet of strata were re-\\nmoved from this region With only five hundred\\nfeet left how can you assert that there were once\\nten thousand feet.f* In other words, How do you\\nmeasure strata that are no longer there\\nThe answer is simple. One could take books\\nthat are but a foot high and an inch thick, and,\\nstanding them in a tilted position, lay them together,\\nas in Fig. A, side by side, for a mile. Yet they\\nwould be but a foot in height. But if these same\\nbooks were placed one above another, as in Fig. B,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0396.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n313\\nFig. a.\\nFig. B.\\nthey would no longer be a foot, but a mile high.\\nNow, instead of dealing with books, deal with\\nimmense layers of rock five hundred or more feet\\nin thickness and covering vast areas, deposited\\noriginally one above another as the books are piled\\nin Fior. B to a thickness of ten thousand feet. Then\\nslowly tilt this mass over until the rocks are sloping,\\nas are the books in Fio^. A, but of course reachino-\\nfar up into the air. Let the forces of erosion gnaw\\naway at them for the centuries, and by the time\\nthey are submerged again into the ocean bed, they\\nare mere fragments of their former selves. Yet if\\ntheir measurement be taken longitudinally, it is\\napparent that this must have been their height when\\noriginally deposited horizontally. Consequently,\\nthough now they are but five hundred feet horizon-\\ntally, their longitudinal measurement being ten", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0397.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "3H\\nIN AND AROUND\\nthousand feet or thereabouts, we know that that was\\ntheir original height.\\nStanding on Ute, Comanche, or Navaho Points,\\nor riding down the Red Canyon Trails, these non-\\nconformable strata are beautifully apparent.\\nOn the Red Canyon Trail, showing Nonconformable\\nStrata. Newberry Terrace and Vishnu Temple\\nacross the River.\\nAbove these non-conformable strata are to be\\nfound various layers of the carboniferous to a depth\\nof some four thousand five hundred feet. These are\\nas level and horizontal as when originally deposited.\\nHere then is a demonstration that after the\\nperiod of denudation, when the nine thousand five\\nhundred feet of strata were washed away, the whole\\nof this region subsided, and was again submerged.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0398.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 315\\nDuring the period of submergence millions of tons\\nof sand and other sediments were washed down from\\nthe rocky regions above, and in the course of the\\nages made the four thousand five hundred feet\\nof depositions we now find in solid rock above\\nthe denuded fragments of the earlier strata.- To\\naccount for their regularity we must assume that\\nthe bed of the ocean upon which they were placed\\nsubsided slowly and evenly to allow them to be\\ndeposited, and that then a new era of uplift began,\\nand they were thrust out, with regularity and even-\\nness, to take their places as a part of the rocky\\ncrust of the exposed earth surface.\\nBut a study of the plateaux around and beyond\\nthe Grand Canyon demonstrate to the satisfaction\\nof such an expert geologist as Captain C. E. Dutton\\nthat there used to be even ten or eleven thousand\\nmore feet of strata on this Grand Canyon Plateau\\nregion than now exist, so that, if all the strata that\\nhave been deposited here dliring the ages had re-\\nmained, the sum would have been as follows:\\nArchjean Rocks depth unknown\\nAlgonkian about 200 feet\\nRemains of non-conformable pre-carbonifer-\\nous 500\\nDenudation of non-conformable pre-carboni-\\nferous 9,500\\nCarboniferous (upper and lower) 4,500\\nPermian, Jura-Trias, and Cretaceous 10,000\\nLower Eocene (lacustrine) 1,200\\nthus giving the enormous total of twenty-five thou-\\nsand seven hundred feet of sedimentary deposits.\\nImagine the height of a region nearly twenty-six", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0399.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "3i6 IN AND AROUND\\nthousand feet above the level of the sea. And these\\nare the conservative estimates of the best informed\\nexperts who have spent many years in investigating\\nthe geological conditions of this interesting region.\\nHow came all these upper ten or eleven thou-\\nsand feet of strata to disappear? Here is Captain\\nDutton s theory.\\nSuppose the whole country were forced up from\\nunderneath in a dome-shaped mass, and that over\\nthe area of greatest elevation the rasping forces of\\nnature began to gnaw away the rocks, which were\\nground into minute particles and carried away as\\nsediment in a river that had a great descent, and\\ntherefore great transporting power it would not\\nbe long (speaking geologically) before that eleven\\nthousand feet of strata would disappear.\\nIf this theory were a correct one, however, the\\nremnants of the strata would be found in the form\\nof terraces leading up from all directions towards\\nthis common centre, the summit of the original\\ndome, and which is now the platform of the Grand\\nCanyon. These terraces are found west, north, and\\neast. They are met, as one journeys east and north,\\nexactly as one would expect to find them, first the\\nPermian, then, further back, the Triassic, then the\\nJurassic, followed by the Cretaceous and Eocene.\\nDutton claims that this great denudation took\\nplace in Tertiary times. Here existed a great\\nEocene lake, which received the sediment-laden\\nwaters of the rivers above. Slowly the continent at\\nthis region began to be uplifted. The waters of the\\nlake were poured out into a channel they rapidly\\ncarved for themselves. As the uplift continued, the", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0400.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n317\\ncutting down accompanied it with equal speed.\\nThe river, laden with rock debris, was the saw, to\\nuse Major Powell s apt illustration, and the for-\\nmation of the uprising earth s crust was the log, and\\nas fast as the uplifting forces supplied the log the\\nsaw cut through it. And these processes continued,\\nuntil not only the eleven thousand feet of Eocene\\nand Mesozoic strata were washed throneh, but the\\nsaw rasped into the Carboniferous, made sharper\\nand keener by the destruction and removal of the\\nbeds of Eocene and Mesozoic which had once cov-\\nered the Carboniferous.\\nAnd had the uplift not ceased, the sawing pro-\\ncesses would have continued until many thousand\\nmore feet, perhaps, of the Archaean and Plutonic\\nrocks had been exposed, and some of earth s most\\nesoteric transactions revealed.\\nAnd this is the theory Newberry, Powell, and\\nDutton present to us as the only rational explana-\\ntion of the existence of the various canyons of the\\nColorado River. It is accepted almost without\\nquestion by all the great geologists of the world,\\nand by them is believed to be the only theory\\nthat satisfactorily accounts for all the existing\\nconditions.\\nBut during all these aeons of uplift and subsi-\\ndence, erosion and corrasion, were there no greater\\nforces at work Are there no evidences of earth-\\nquakes, active volcanoes, and the like, to more satis-\\nfactorily account for this stupendous phenomenon\\nThese are questions perpetually asked by those of\\nless geological knowledge.\\nComplex questions, indeed, yet the geologists are", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0401.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "31 8 IN AND AROUND\\nalmost a unit in answering them. Earthquakes, vol-\\ncanoes, faultings, flexurings Yes, in great quantity,\\nbut as subsidiary, xioi primary, forces in the produc-\\ntion of the Canyon.\\nAcross the Grand Canyon and Plateau regions\\nover fifteen faults of stupendous magnitude are\\nfound to exist. Some of these are hundreds of\\nmiles in extent, and the displacements vary from a\\nfew hundreds to upwards of seven thousand feet.\\nImagine the process. A great country, of thou-\\nsands of square miles of area, split in half, one\\nportion remaining on the level, and the other slowly\\nbut surely rising seven thousand feet above its\\noriginal level, or subsiding to that extent.\\nIt is the evidences of these great upheavals that\\npuzzle the local and slightly informed geologists.\\nThey contend, and not without some show of rea-\\nson, that these must have had some important\\ninfluence in the creation and present appearance of\\nthe great Colorado waterway. Undoubtedly they\\nhave helped shape its ulterior form, but in a small\\nand insignificant manner as compared with the\\ngreat law of simultaneous uplift of the region and\\ncutting down of the river s channel before outlined.\\nAnd it should not be forgotten here, by way of\\nan important parenthesis, that, comparatively speak-\\ning, during all these years of cutting and rasping\\nthe river retained about the same level. It neither\\nraised nor lowered. It went on flowing, and cut\\ndown its channel as fast as the uplifting forces fed\\nthe rock to its sawMike waters.\\nI have already described, in the chapter on the\\nMystic Spring Trail, the Wheeler Fold in Trail Can-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0402.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 319\\nyon. This is one of the earth s flexurings while the\\nprocesses of upHft and subsidence and crust crump-\\nlins: were soino; on. But I think it is evident that\\nthis took place in pre-carboniferous times, and\\ntherefore could not have had any influence in\\ndetermining the course of a waterway that was\\nmade through strata deposited at a much later era,\\nand which, as an impervious sheet, covered this and\\nscores of similar folds and wrinkles throughout\\nthe region. The Uinkaret Mountains, which are\\nclearly seen from the head of the Mystic Spring\\nTrail, are purely volcanic, and their fiery floods of\\nlava have poured in burning streams over the very\\nedge of the Canyon s precipices, thus demonstrating\\nan activity long after the Canyon was formed.\\nIt is not improbable that the San Francisco\\nMountains which are all volcanic were once\\nan area of great depression in the plateau region\\nwhose denudation I have attempted to describe, and\\nthat, prior to that wholesale denudation, a chimney\\nor rent in the earth s crust had afforded a vent for\\nboilinof lava from the molten mass beneath. This\\nlava formed a crust over the area of depression, so\\nthat when, subsequently, the region round about was\\neroded, this lava crust acted as a protecting cap and\\nsaved the region from falling a prey to the other-\\nwise irresistible forces. Thus, as the degradation\\ncontinued, the erewhile depression became a prom-\\ninence, and ultimately a mountain.\\nThere are many other evidences of faultings, flex-\\nurings, and upheaval to be observed in the canyon\\nregion, and in the Bibliography published at the end\\nof this volume the interested student will find a list of", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0403.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "320 IN AND AROUND\\nthose works that will aid him in his studies of these\\nand all other geological phenomena connected with\\nthe Grand Canyon.\\nThat the Grand Canyon region presents to the\\ngeologist a fascinating and unequalled field there can\\nbe no question, and he who seeks to penetrate the\\nmysteries of nature s primitive forces will be wise if,\\nere he travels farther, he solves the problems here\\noffered for solution.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0404.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n321\\nCHAPTER XXXI\\nBOTANY OF THE GRAND CANYON\\nI SHALL attempt no personal account of the\\nbotany of the Canyon, but merely introduce this\\nheading to allow the insertion of two items from\\nthe Canyon Hotel Register at the Peach Springs\\nTrail, Professor Asa Gray, of Harvard, America s\\ngreatest botanist, and Mrs. Gray, visited the Canyon\\nMay 3, 1885, and thus wrote in the register:\\nSome conspicuous\\nFonquiera splendens,\\nAcacia Lemmoni, n. sp.\\nAllionia incarnata L.\\nFallugia paradoza.\\nCoTwania Mexicana.\\nLarrea Mexicana.\\nPorophyllum.\\nEriogonum inflatum.\\nAbronia turbinata.\\nplants of the Canyon are\\nOccotillo.\\nCat s Claw.\\nFlat on the ground, flowers all\\nday and all the year. Shuts\\nat night.\\nBush with white, rose-like flower on\\nslender stalk.\\nBush like last, many greenish white\\nblossoms, followed by beautiful\\nfeathery seed-carriers.\\nThe Creosote plant. So vile in\\nodor that even mules will not\\neat it.\\nWith yellow flowers in balls, sweet\\nscented, on slender twigs.\\nHerb. Indian pipe-stem.\\nSmall flowers in cluster, white\\nflowers in the sand on the river.\\n21", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0405.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "322\\nIN AND AROUND\\nAlteruanthera lanugi- Large flowers, separate. White\\nnosa. flowers in the sand on the river.\\nErytheae Calycosa. Herb with red, star-shaped flowers.\\nProfessor and Mrs. J. G. Lemmon, of Oakland,\\nCalifornia, on November 4 and 5, 1892, wrote as\\nfollows\\nFirst visited the Canyon April, 1884, discovering sev-\\neral new species of plants.\\nSecond visit, November 4 and 5, 1892. Following is a\\nlist of the principal plants of Peach Springs Wash and\\nDiamond Creek to its confluence with the Colorado, be-\\nginning with the trees\\nPopulus Wislizeni.\\nPinus edulis.\\nThe large poplar near the spring.\\nNut Pine. The only pine of the\\nregion. Sp. Pifion.\\nRare on the plateau, surrounding\\nand in the Canyon.\\nWestern juniper.\\nLong-pod mesquite, with large\\nleaves and spines.\\nScrew-pod mesquite, with small\\nleaves and spines.\\nAcacia Lemmoni, Gray, n. sp. Cat s Claw.\\nDr. Parry s dalea, shrubby bush.\\nGrease wood. Commemorating\\nProfessor Asa Gray. Neat but\\nnot gaudy, as he says.\\nGreen bush, quite large on the clifls\\nbelow the spring a mass of in-\\ntricate branches and spines.\\nShrubby black oak, the only\\noaks of the region.\\nTrue willows, several species along\\nthe damp canyons. Quite large\\none is Salix longifolia with\\nwhite, long leaves.\\nJuniperus TJtahensis,\\nLemmon, n. sp.\\nJuniperus Occidentalis.\\nProsopis juliflora.\\nProBopis pubescens.\\nDalea Parryi.\\nGrayia polygaloides.\\nCanotia holacantha.\\nQuercus turbinella,\\nGreene\\nSaliz.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0406.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n323\\nCheilopsis saligua.\\nAtriplex.\\nEphedra trifurca.\\nFenstemon Falmeri.\\nP. spectabilis.\\nP. Parryi.\\nSalazaiia Mezicana.\\nFallugia paradoxa.\\nCo vvania Mexicana.\\nLarrea Mexicana.\\nFonquiera splendens.\\nPorophyllum macro-\\ncephalum.\\nCEnothera caespitosa.\\nCBnothera albicaulis,\\nAllionia incarnata.\\nDesert willow. Resembles a willow,\\nbut bears large red bilabiate fls.\\nSeveral species of pigweed one\\nis quite a large bush.\\nMexican Tea, a noted medicine for\\nskin diseases.\\nDr. Palmer s beard tongue, pur-\\nple, in the Canyon, large (3-5 feet\\nhigh), very fragrant and beautiful.\\nVery beautiful. Near Peach Springs\\nStation purple.\\nDr. Parry s, smaller, red.\\nFragrant shrub of the mint family.\\nCommemorates the Mexican\\nmember of Boundary Survey,\\nSalazar.\\nShrub with solitary white flowers.\\nShrub with many yellowish flowers.\\nThe noted Creosote bush, very\\nstrong-scented, spreading bush,\\nwith bilobed leaves and jointed\\nstems. Even the traditional\\nburro s appetite rejects this\\nbush.\\nCandlewood, from its flame-\\nlike flowers, and also termed\\nOccotillo from resemblance\\nto a fish-pole. Very curious,\\nand tenacious of life.\\nOdor of marigold.\\nLarge rose red, flowers numerous,\\nby the very side of the Colorado\\nriver, fragrant.\\nWhite evening primrose.\\nProstrate, running plant, with red\\nflowers.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0407.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "324\\nIN AND AROUND\\nSalvia Greggii.\\nAbronia turbinata.\\nMenthaceous plant.\\nAster tortifolius.\\nAplopappus.\\nPhacelia glechomae-\\nfolia.\\nPhacelia Lemmoni,\\nGray, n. sp.\\nPhacelia saxicola,\\nLemmon n. sp.\\nNicctiana trigonophylla.\\nArgemone hispida.\\nEucnide urens, Parry.\\nHilaria rigida.\\nMuhlenbergia Texana.\\nPanicum Lemmoni,\\nn. sp.\\nCheilanthes Parryi,\\nEaton.\\nCheilanthes tenera.\\nPerhaps undescribed, red. Dia-\\nmond River.\\nOn sand-spit at confluence of Dia-\\nmond River.\\nDiamond River.\\nWith very large showy flowers.\\nSeveral other species along the\\nWash from Peach Springs.\\nSeveral species, one yellow-flow\\nered, shrubby, in Diamond\\nCreek.\\nNew species, large-flowered, very\\npretty. Will be an acquisition\\nfor cultivation.\\nOn rocks, small flowers rare.\\nOn rocks near Peach Springs, the\\nroots penetrate the cracks of\\nthe rocks and flake oft small\\nconvex scales, hence the\\nname.\\nIndian tobacco.\\nRough Mexican poppy, flowers 4-6\\ninches across.\\nClefts of rock along Diamond\\nCreek, clothed with stinging\\nhairs.\\nGalleta grass, coarse but ver)- nu-\\ntritious.\\nBlack Grama, fine-stemmed, very\\nvaluable, $60 per ton.\\nNear Peach Springs Station, with\\nseveral species.\\nParry s cotton fern, clefts of\\nrocks.\\nClefts of rocks high up on sides\\nof Diamond Creek, very rare.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0408.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n325\\nCacti.\\nOpuntia fulgens.\\nOpuntia arborescens.\\nOpuntia basilaris.\\nCereus Wislizeni.\\nCereus gigantea.\\nMammillaria phel-\\nlosperma.\\nMammillaria pectinata.\\nSeveral species called Cholla\\n(Chavv-ya) if formidable, or Tu-\\nna if bearing eatable fruit.\\nWhite-spined and formidable,\\nbushlike.\\nQuite large and terrible bushes.\\nPrickly pear, common, nearly spine-\\nless.\\nBarrel cactus, 2-3 feet high.\\nGiant cactus, 40-60 feet high, Sn-\\nguar-o Sp. for Water Carrier,\\n(pron. Swar -o).\\nFish-hook cactus, small, 3-4\\ninches high, with hooked spines\\nRainbow cactus, with bright-col-\\nored zones.\\nOn the Kohonino Plains bordering the Grand\\nand Havasu Canyons is a thin forest of Pinus sco-\\npulorum, Lemmon (lately decided to be a distinct\\nspecies). This is south of the Canyon, and leads\\nby scattered trees back to the magnificent forest\\nof the same species covering the great Colorado\\nPlateau, some seventy by thirty miles in extent, and\\nwhich is seen at its best from any high point near\\nthe Grand View Hotel.\\nI am indebted to Professor J. G. Lemmon, of the\\nLemmon Herbarium, Oakland, California, for several\\nvaluable additions to this chapter.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0409.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "326 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XXXII\\nRELIGIOUS AND OTHER LMPRESSIONS IN THE\\nGRAND CANYON\\nCAN any soul look upon a masterpiece of any\\nkind, the masterfulness of which is in any\\ndegree apparent to him, and not feel the deepest\\nemotions of his nature stirred Marion Crawford\\nwell illustrates this in Marzio s Crucifix. The\\ninfidelistic chiseller of silver images for churches,\\nwho despised creeds, churches, and priests, was yet\\nso moved before a crucifix of his own manufacture\\nthat, as he bowed before it to study its artistic ex-\\ncellence the better, his daughter, accidentally seeing\\nhim through the half-open door, imagined him in\\nthe surprising attitude (for him) of reverent and\\nadoring worship. And there w\\\\is a worship of\\nits kind.\\nSo, with all souls capable of feeling, the Grand\\nCanyon produces calls forth emotions, feelings\\nthat, for the time being, at least, dominate all other\\nfeelings.\\nI once rode up the mountains in a fierce storm\\nwith Clarence Eddy, the great organist. We were\\nalmost blown from our horses. But the power of it,\\nthe irresistible fury of the t .i-m, the compelling\\nimpetuosity of the wind, the dominating roar of its\\nangry voice in the trees, made such an impression", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0410.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 327\\nupon Mr. Eddy that he said: This forms an epoch\\nin my Hfe. I shall play better for this experience\\nso long as I live.\\nThis is something of what I mean when I speak\\nof the religious and other impressions evoked by\\nthe Grand Canyon. To the musician it will suggest\\nnew powers in his art; to the artist, new color emo-\\ntions will be stirred to the sculptor, new forms will\\nbe suggested; to the architect, new majesties in\\nstructure will be set forth to the reverent believer\\nin God, new conceptions of His power to the ag-\\nnostic or disbeliever, new and strange movings of\\nthe soul, which speak of higher forces than any yet\\nconceived.\\nOne man, an avowed agnostic, as he stood and\\ngazed upon the vast amphitheatre of sixty-five miles\\nsweep which is opened up to the gaze at Havasupai\\nPoint, turned to me and said What a place\\nHere is surely where the Almighty will hold the\\nJudgment Day\\nWhat a long history this Canyon has had in the\\nmaking of it Look back a hundred years, w^ien\\nWashington and Jefferson and their compeers were\\nfighting for American freedom, and this Canyon\\nwas hoary with antiquity. It seems a long time\\nago since Cromwell battled to overturn the doctrine\\nof the divine right of kings, yet the Grand Canyon\\nhas scarcely added a day to its history since the\\nunhappy Charles the First was beheaded. The\\ndawn of American history begins with Columbus,\\nyet from the time Columbus until now, scarcely\\na change of any importance in this great waterway\\ncould be discerned by the most careful observer.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0411.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "328 IN AND AROUND\\nHistory has begun to grow dim when you look\\nback to the time when WilHam the Conqueror,\\nwith his wariike Normans, slew the Saxon Harold\\nat Battle Abbey, yet this great and mighty river\\nwas then flowing as it is now. The twilight has\\nbecome darkness when we gaze upon the Pyramids\\nof Egypt, yet God had sculptured the many and\\nwondrous architectural forms of this Grand Canyon\\ncenturies before Cheops was born, or the dynasty\\nof the Shepherd Kings had gone.\\nAnd as one listens to the teachings of the geolo-\\ngists in regard to the formation of the Canyon, the\\nmillions of millions of years that undoubtedly have\\nelapsed since its foundations were laid, the millions\\nthat have rolled away to allow ten thousand feet of\\nnon-conformable strata to be deposited, elevated,\\ntilted, washed away the depression of the Canyon\\nsurface again for the depositing of Devonian, Lower\\nCarboniferous, Upper Carboniferous, Permian, Tri-\\nassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous; the formation of the vast\\nEocene Lake and its total disappearance the open-\\ning of the earth s crust and the venting from its\\nangry stomach the foul lavas that blacken portions\\nof its area, the mind reels and whirls and grows\\ndizzy in a vain attempt to comprehend the magni-\\ntude of such periods of time, and when reason can\\nassert itself it is to feel the truth of the Hebrew\\nApostle s words One day is with the Lord as a\\nthousand years, a thousand years as one day.\\nThe American style of Architecture is not yet\\nborn, yet, I am satisfied the time and the master\\narchitect will come. And when he does come, it is\\nin this Grand Canyon that he will gain his inspira-", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0412.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n329\\ntion. From the varied, marvellous, and sublime\\nof the thousands of miles of canyon, a system of\\narchitecture will be created quite as original and\\nnational as Persia and Egypt borrowed from their\\nsandstone ledges, or the inhabitants of the north of\\nEurope found in the primeval forests of the fir and\\npine.\\nThen who can gaze upon this weird and won-\\ndrous beauty and not feel that God must love beauty\\nfor its own sake The idea that everything is\\nformed solely as a background upon which to dis-\\nplay the development of man, takes powerful grasp\\nupon us when we yield ourselves to the persuasive\\neloquence of Browning, but a voice louder and more\\nforceful than the great English master s peals forth\\nin one s own soul when he gazes upon God s great\\nwork here, and he feels instinctively that the Al-\\nmighty God made this glorious grandeur centuries\\nof centuries before man ever could see it in order\\nthat He, personally, might enjoy its beauty.\\nJust as the garments of Aaron the priest were to\\nbe made for glory and for beauty, so do I think\\nthis great Canyon was made as a revelation to man\\nthat God loves to make things solely for Glory\\nand Beauty.\\nThen its solitude Ah, who but those who\\nknow and love the solitude that shuts out the fever\\nof life the fretful nervousness that contact with\\nman produces the rush of busy streets the cold-\\nheartedness, selfishness, indifference, and apathy to\\nothers woes that one must see in great population\\ncentres, who but he can tell the delight of this\\ngracious, healing, restful solitude, where, however,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0413.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "330 IN AND AROUND\\none is never alone For there is an abiding sense\\nof the brooding presence of the Ahiiighty, all-\\npowerful, all-loving, all-merciful, that soothes and\\nhushes and quiets the distressed and wounded soul,\\nso that a normal equilibrium is gained and strength\\nrestored to return to one s place, manfully to fight\\none s true battles with the world, the Hesh, and the\\ndevil. To me this Canyon is the Holy of Holies,\\nthe Inner Temple, where each man may be his own\\nHigh Priest, open the sacred veil, and stand face\\nto face with the Divine. And he who can thus\\ntalk with God may not show it to his fellows,\\nbut he knows within himself the new power, calm-\\nness, and equanimity which he has gained, and he\\nreturns to life s struggles thankful for his glimpses\\nof the Divine.\\nAnd yet what words can tell how utterly insig-\\nnificant man must feel himself to be when he finds\\nhimself in the depths of this Great Gorge, solitary\\nand alone, and finds not this Divine presence He\\nmay be a king on his throne a despotic ruler in\\nhis office a monarch in his store a tyrant in his\\nworkshop; but here he is so dwarfed, made so small,\\nthat, if he have any soul at all, he is humbled and\\nmade reverent at this marvellous manifestation of\\nsuperior power, might, and greatness.\\nBut it is only to suggest a few of the impressions\\naroused by these scenes that this chapter is inserted\\nas a fitting conclusion to my book.\\nI never take a mental view of the great river\\nflowing from the high snowy mountains of Utah,\\nWyoming, and Colorado to the great Pacific\\nthrough the Gulf of California, that I do not feel", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0414.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 331\\nhow like to man s life it is. Watch it from its source\\nto its mouth. It has its rise in the pure white, un-\\nsullied snow of the mountains, it flows on, gather-\\ning strength and power as it progresses it passes\\nthrough Flaming Gorge, where everything is bright\\nand brilliant; there is the excitement of the rapids,\\nand the exhilarating feelings that come from dash-\\ning along at high speed and the dangers are mini-\\nfied. Soon sweet and restful paths are entered,\\nwhere gentle deer browse, and the forest aisles\\nare filled with the music of birds, and the parks are\\ndecked with flowers.\\nThen comes the Canyon of Desolation, with\\neverything dreary, desolate, and forsaken. But\\neven here the Lighthouse Rock catches the rays\\nof the sun and speaks of brightness beyond, which,\\nindeed, is reached .when farther progress is made,\\nand Glen Canyon is entered. Marble Canyon, with\\nits rapids and dangers, is passed, and then the\\nwaters enter the Granite Gorge of the Grand Can-\\nyon. Here jagged cruel rocks line the waterway,\\nand there are places of deepest gloom where the\\nsun never touches the water. Here are great\\nwaterfalls, and then deep cuts through black and\\nforbidding lava. But on and on the water flows,\\nenters Black Canyon, and finally emerges into the\\nopen, peaceful, gentle slopes of the desert, down and\\non, without effort, into the Gulf of California, soon\\nto have all its individuality as a river lost in the\\nvastness of the great Pacific Ocean.\\nIs not this a perfect type of man s life He\\nbegins in the high mountains of innocency and\\nchildhood. He progresses through places where", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0415.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "332 IN AND AROUND\\neverything is bright and brilliant, and passes in\\nsafety and exhilaration places in life where others,\\nperhaps, have been wrecked. Then he enters the\\nsoothing parks and quiet pathways, gaining strength\\nand courage for the canyons where rapids must be\\nrun and disasters risked, and, happily, avoided.\\nHow joyously he welcomes open places and sun-\\nshine that follow, and how disgusted with the re-\\nstraining influence of the bends of life, and then\\nhow sad and forsaken when he is forced into the\\nCanyon of Desolation! Friends have forsaken him,\\nloved ones gone, perhaps even God seems to have\\nleft him to himself, but as he looks up, even here\\nhe sees the sun of grace shining upon the Light-\\nhouse Rocks that raise their heads above the\\nCanyon walls, and new hope, new faith, new en-\\ncouragement are the result.\\nAnd alas he, too, may have to contend with\\nDirty Devil streams flowing into his life, which\\nwill becloud and befoul the hitherto pure w^aters.\\nBut, as in the Colorado River, by and by the\\nBright Angel Creek, with full, clear, pellucid, refresh-\\ning, and purifying power enters in.\\nAnd so his life flows on, passing through canyons\\nand rapids, dashing by the cruel, hungry granite\\nand over dangerous waterfalls but just as surely as\\nthe river flows on and enters the Great Pacific, so\\nwill man enter the unfathomable ocean of the heart\\nof God.\\nSo, friend, reader, whomsoever you may be, and\\nin whatever portion of your canyon journey, may\\nI commend the end of life to you as your en-\\ncouragement. If you are in the refreshing parks", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0416.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON\\n333\\nthere may be Desolation Canyons ahead. Get all\\nthe strength and courage you can; you will need\\nthese and all the virtues ere the end of your journey\\nis reached. Have you just entered the cruel water-\\nway and been dashed over great precipices and find\\nyourself crushed and bleeding where the sun never\\nshines .f* Flow on! Ere long you will emerge into\\nthe sunshine, and in the bosom of God forever find\\nrest.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0417.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "334 IN AND AROUND\\nCHAPTER XXXIII\\nPHOTOGRAPHING THE GRAND CANYON\\nUNTIL recently there were few subjects more\\ndisappointing to the photographer pro-\\nfessional as well as amateur than the Grand\\nCanyon. Its vastness, its great precipices and wide\\ndistances, all covered and filled with a peculiar\\npurple or violet haze, rendered it singularly un-\\naccommodating to the photographer s art. In the\\nYosemite and similar valleys the objects are so\\nnear, compared with those of the Grand Canyon,\\nthat photography was enabled to accomplish for\\nthe former what for years it could not achieve for\\nthe latter.\\nBut as in all difficulties capable of scientific so-\\nlution, persistence, skill, and science at length have\\novercome the obstacles to excellent picture-making\\nto a great extent, and now good photographs of the\\nGrand Canyon may be obtained. And in the fore-\\nfront of those who have studiously worked for a\\nsolution of the many problems involved is Mr.\\nFrederic Hamer Maude, of Los Angeles, who for\\nseveral years has visited the Canyon, making hun-\\ndreds of negatives, and learning from his failures\\nthe secrets of success. The result is an excellent\\nselection of most artistic and desirable subjects.\\nFrom the Red Canyon Trail to the Topocobya", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0418.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 335\\nTrail into Havasu Canyon he has seized upon\\nalmost every available point to secure grand and\\ncomprehensive views of the Eastern, Surprise, and\\nWestern Outlooks. From the interior plateaux he\\nhas made photographs of mural masses crowned\\nwith fleecy clouds that are triumphs. He has most\\nsuccessfully caught the varying moods of this most\\nmoody of American rivers, and its rapids, whirlpools,\\nand smooth stretches have all pictured themselves\\nupon his sensitive films. In his studies of the\\nHavasupai Indians, the waterfalls, limestone caves,\\nand general environments of their wondrous canyon\\nhome he has been no less successful, and this book\\nowes many of its illustrations to his skilful en-\\ndeavors.\\nAnother photographer who has met with admi-\\nrable success is Mr. A. F. Messinger, of Phoenix,\\nArizona. He has spent considerable time and\\nenergy at Bass Camp, Havasupai Point, and has\\na number of fine subjects from all the salient out-\\nlook points. With a persistent energy that would\\nhave daunted and discouraged most men, he labored\\nday after day on the rim and on the plateaux below\\nwith his large twenty by twenty-four outfit, mak-\\ning gigantic panoramas twenty inches high and\\neight feet in length. Two or three exquisite pic-\\ntures such as these, printed on bromide or platinum\\nsurfaces, giving the wide sweep of Canyon from rim\\nto opposite rim, afford one a clearer comprehension\\nof the architectural variety found within the Canyon\\nwalls than pages of verbal description. On one\\noccasion, when taking his large camera down the\\nsteep trail to Le Conte Plateau, the pack mule,", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0419.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "33^\\nIN AND AROUND\\njust at the most ticklish portion of the road, ob-\\njected to his weighty and top-heavy pack, and\\nsought to rid himself of it. Kicking and plunging,\\nhe became oblivious to his danger. Lenses and\\nknick-knacks scattering about his heels rendered him\\nmore reckless, and\\nwith a desperate\\nplunge he landed\\nhead first on a slop-\\ning ledge, a foot be-\\ntween himself and\\ndeath. With reckless\\nbravery Mr. Bass\\ndashed upon the pros-\\ntrate animal and sat\\nupon his head. Mr.\\nMes singer, deter-\\nmined to hang on to\\nhis precious camera\\noutfit, clung to the\\nmule s rope with des-\\nperate earnestness,\\nand between the two\\nthe animal was\\nhoisted to a place of\\nsafety, his pack adjusted, and the trip completed\\nwithout further contretemps. On another occasion,\\nwhile on the very edge of the Grand Scenic Divide,\\na sudden storm arose, which nearly blew camera\\nand operator into the deep gulf beneath. But, re-\\ngardless of dangers and difBculties, Mr. Messinger\\npersisted, and his excellent collection of superb\\nphotographs is his reward.\\nLyell Monument in the Corner\\nOF Standing Rocks.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0420.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 337\\nThe engraving of Lyell Monument, from the\\nCorner of Standing Rocks on Havasupai Point,\\nis one of Mr. Messinger s choice pieces.\\nOther photographic artists as H. G. Peabody,\\nof Boston, Massachusetts have made fine pictures\\nof the Canyon, and some of Mr. Peabody s artistic\\ncreations grace these pages by his favor.\\nBut without question the finest, the most elabo-\\nrate and satisfactory work yet done photographi-\\ncally in the Grand Canyon, has been accomplished\\nby Mr, Oliver Lippincott of the Lippincott Art\\nPhotographic Company of Los Angeles, Cal. Mr.\\nLippincott has made a large number of photo-\\ngraphs, taking in all the principal trails from the\\nRed Canyon to the Mystic Spring and Topocobya\\nTrail into Havasu Canyon. He has been pre-\\neminently successful in his large panorama work,\\nmaking panoramas six and seven feet long and one\\nto three feet wide. Photographically they are per-\\nfect the mechanical work is the best of its kind,\\nand of the art shown in securing the subjects, in\\nchoosing locations, and in placing upon the sensi-\\ntive paper those scenes that were especially im-\\npressive to the Canyon visitor, too many words of\\npraise cannot be said. Until photography in colors\\nbecomes an accomplished reality it seems to me\\nthat nothing can surpass Mr. Lippincott s Canyon\\nphotography. Especially should attention be called\\nto his panorama from Comanche Point, taking in\\nthe river, Vishnu Temple, Point Final, Newberry\\nTerrace, and the massive North Wall of the Kai-\\nbab Plateau. Another panorama is from Havasupai\\nPoint overlooking the region of the Mystic Spring", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0421.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "338 IN AND AROUND\\nTrail, showing Point Sublime, Dutton Point, Bass\\nTomb, Dox Castle, and the Grand Scenic Divide.\\nTo own such pictures as these is to possess those\\nthings that are a joy forever.\\nOn his trip to the Mystic Spring Trail Mr. Lip-\\npincott descended to the river, making pictures\\nfrom the Grand Scenic Divide, and all the way\\ndown Trail Canyon. Then crossing the river, he\\nmade several fine pictures of Shinumo Creek and\\nCamp. He is now contemplating a trip which will\\ntake him across to the summit of the Kaibab\\nPlateau, where, from Point Sublime, he will photo-\\ngraph those scenes that hitherto we have had no\\npictorial record of except in the admirable outline\\nsketches, before described, made by Professor\\nHolmes.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0422.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 339\\nBIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND\\nCANYON REGION\\nRelacion de la Jornada de Cibola Conpuesta por\\nPedro de Castenada de Nagera. The original of this\\nnarrative is in the Lenox Library, New York. A fine\\ntranslation, with critical notes, by GEORGE Parker Win-\\nSHIP, is in the Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau\\nof Ethnology.\\nReport upon the Colorado River of the West, by\\nLieutenant Joseph C. Ives. Executive Document No.\\n90, published by order of the Secretary of War, 1861.\\nU. S. Geographical Surveys West of the looth Meri-\\ndian, by Captain Geo. M. Wheeler. Vol. I., Geographi-\\ncal Report, pp. 156 to 171, with many plates, devoted to\\nthe Exploration of Colorado River and the lower portion\\nof the Grand Canyon.\\nExplorations of the Colorado River of the West,\\n1869-72, by Major J. W. PowELL. U. S. Government\\nPrinting Office.\\nThe Journeyings of F. Francisco Silvestre Velez Es-\\ncalante from Santa Fe to Utah Lake, etc. In Simpson s\\nAcross the Great Basin in 1859.\\nOn the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer. The Diary and\\nItinerary of Francisco Garces. Translated by ELLIOTT\\nCOUES. 2 Vols. F. P. Harper, New York.\\nExplorations in Texas, New Mexico, California, etc.,\\nby J. R. Bartlett, U. S. Commissioner of the Mexican\\nBoundary Commission, New York, 1856.\\nMilitary Reconnoissance from Ft. Leavenworth to San\\nDiego, by Lieutenant-Colonel W. H. Emory.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0423.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "340\\nIN AND AROUND\\nMarch from Santa Fe to San Diego, Cal., by Colonel\\nP. St. George Cooke.\\nTertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by\\nCaptain C. E. DUTTON. U. S. Geol. Survey Monographs,\\nNo. 2. With large atlas.\\nThe Physical Geology of the Grand Canyon District,\\nby C. E. DUTTON. Second Annual Report U. S. Geologi-\\ncal Survey.\\nReport of the Exploring Expedition from Santa Fe,\\nNew Mexico, to the Junction of the Grand and Green\\nRivers of the Great Colorado of the West in 1859, by\\nCaptain J. N. Macomb, Engineer Department, U. S.\\nArmy, 1876.\\nGeology of the Uinta Mountains, by J. W. Powell,\\nDepartment of the Interior, 1876.\\nGeology of the Henry Mountains, by G. K. Gilbert,\\nDept. of the Interior, 1880.\\nGeology of the High Plateaus of Utah, by C. E.\\nDUTTON, Dept. of the Interior, 1880.\\nThe Upper Colorado, Nature, p. 337, Feb. 15, 1877.\\nThe Canyons of the Colorado, by Major J. W.\\nPowell, Scribner s Mag. Vol. IX. Three articles, pp.\\n293. 394. 523-\\nPhysical P eatures of the Colorado Valley, by Major\\nJ. W. Powell, Popular Science Monthly, Vol. VII. Three\\narticles, pp. 385-531-670.\\nThe Great Canyon, by Major J. W. Powell. Sub-\\nscription Book, published by the Chautauquan Co.\\nAn Overland Trip to the Grand Canyon, by J. W.\\nPowell, Scribner s Mag., Vol. X, p. 659.\\nThe Geological History of the Colorado River and\\nPlateaus, by C. E. DUTTON, Nature, Jan, 16, 1879,\\np. 247, Jan. 23, 1879, p. 272.\\nIn Nature, Feb. 15, 1883, p. 357, ARCHIBALD Geikie\\nreviews Captain Dutton s Tertiary History of the Grand\\nCanyon District.\\nThe Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, 39 Vols.,\\nSan Francisco, Cal.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0424.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "THE GRAND CANYON 341\\nThrough the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by\\nRobert Brewster Stanton, p. 591, Scribner s Mag.,\\n1890, Vol. VIII.\\nAvailability of the Canyons of the Colorado River of\\nthe West for Railway Purposes. Transactions of Ameri-\\ncan Society of Civil Engineers, No. 523, April, 1892.\\nIn the American Naturalist, May, 1890, p. 463, notes\\nare given of R. B. Stanton s Recent Descent of the\\nColorado River.\\nThrough Mysterious Canyons of the Colorado, by\\nF. A. NiMS, Overland Monthly, Vol. XIX, p. 253.\\nIn the Whirlpools of the Grand Canyon of the Colo-\\nrado, by Ethan Allen Reynolds, Cosmopolitan, No-\\nvember, 1889.\\nGrand Canyon of the Colorado, by J. G. Lemmon,\\nOverland Monthly, Vol. XII, p. 244. Sept., 1888. (A fine\\narticle.)\\nThe Grand Canyon of Arizona, by C. A. HiGGlNS,\\nPassenger Department of the Santa Fe Route.\\nCharles Dudley Warner s Our Italy contains\\ntwo good chapters on the Grand Canyon.\\nHand-Book to Arizona, by R. J. Hinton.\\nThe Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by Henry\\nHaynie, Boston, Mass., Sunday Herald, July 26, 1896.\\nThe Grand Canyon, by John L. Stoddard, in Stod-\\ndard s Lectures, Boston, Mass., Vol. X.\\nThe Nation of the Willows, by F. H. CUSHING, At-\\nlantic Monthly, September and October, 1882.\\nOur Undeveloped West, by J. HANSON Beadle,\\nNational Pub. Co., Philadelphia, Pa.\\nOn the Border with Crook, by JOHN G. BoURKE.\\nScribner s, 1896.\\nUnder the Spell of the Grand Canyon, by T. Mitchell\\nPrudden. Harper s Magazine, August, 1898.\\nPhotographs of the Grand Canyon, by H. G. Peabody,\\nFred Harvey, Kansas City, 1900.", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0425.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "1/^)", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0426.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0427.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0428.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0429.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0430.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0431.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0432.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0433.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3196", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "inaroundgrandcan02jame_0434.jp2"}}