{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3559", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3444", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "NARRATIVE\\nI.\\nOF THE\\n1\\nSUFFERINGS OF LEWIS CLARKE,\\nDURING A\\nCAPTIVITY\\nOF MORE THAN TWExNTY-riYE YEARS,\\nAMONG THE\\nALGERINES OF KENTUCKY,\\nONE OF THE SO CALLED\\nCHRISTIAN STATES OF NORTH AMERICA.\\nDICTATED BY HIMSELF.\\nBOSTON:\\nDAVID H. ELA, PRINTER,\\nAt the Stone Steps, 37 Corn hill\\n1845.", "height": "3423", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "en\\nEntered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1845,\\nBY LEWIS CLARKE,\\nIn the Clerk s Office of the DiBtrict Court of the District of Massachusi ttM\\nO", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nI FIRST became acquainted with Lewis Clarke in December,\\n1842. I well remember the deep impression made upon my\\nmind on hearing his Narrative from his own lips. It gave me a\\nnew and more vivid impression of the wrongs of Slavery than I\\nhad ever before felt. Evidently a person of good native talents\\nand of deep sensibilities, such a mind had been under the dark\\ncloud of slavery for more than twenty-five years. Letters, read-\\ning, all the modes of thought awakened by them, had been utterly\\nhid from his eyes and yet his mind had evidently been active,\\nand trains of thought were flowing through it, which he was ut-\\nterly unable to express. I well remember too the wave on wave\\nof deep feeling excited in an audience of more than a thousand\\npersons, at Hallowell, Me., as they listened to his story and look-\\ned upon his energetic and manly countenance, and wondered if\\nthe dark cloud of slavery could cover up hide from the world,\\nand degrade to the condition of brutes, such immortal minds.\\nHis story, there and wherever since told, has aroused the most\\nutter abhorrence of the Slave System.\\n1*\\n/3", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "VI PREFACE.\\nFor the two last years, I have had the most ample opportunity\\nof becoming acquainted with Mr. Clarke. He has made this\\nplace his home, when not engaged in giving to public audiences\\nthe story of his suflTerings, and the suiierings of his fellow slaves.\\nSoon after he came to Ohio, by the faithful instruction of pious\\nfriends, he was led, as he believes, to see himself a sinner before\\nGod, and to seek pardon and forgiveness through the precious\\nblood of the Lamb. He has ever manifested an ardent thirst for\\nreligious, as well as for other kinds of knowledge. In the opin-\\nion of all those best acquainted with him, he has maintained the\\ncharacter of a sincere Christian. That he is what he professes\\nto be, a slave escaped from the grasp of avarice and power,\\nthere is not the least shadow of doubt. His narrative bears the\\nmost conclusive internal evidence of its truth. Persons of dis-\\ncriminating minds have heard it repeatedly, under a great variety\\nof circumstances, and the story, in all substantial respects, has\\nbeen always the same. He has been repeatedly recognized in\\nthe Free States by persons who knew him in Kentucky, when a\\nslave. During the summer of 1844, Cassius M. Clay visited\\nBoston, and on seeing Milton Clarke, recognized him as one of\\nthe Clarke family, well known to him in Kentucky. Indeed,\\nnothing can be more surely established than the fact that Lewis\\nand Milton Clarke are no impostors. For three years they have\\nbeen engaged in telling their story in seven or eight different\\nSlates, and no one has appeared to make an attempt to contra-\\ndict them. The capture of Milton in Ohio, by the kidnappers,\\nas a slave, makes assurance doubly strong. Wherever they\\nhave told their story, large audiences have collected, and every-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE. Vil\\nwhere they have been listened to with great interest and satis-\\nfaction.\\nCyrus is fully equal to either of the brothers in sprightliness of\\nmind is withal a great wit, and would make an admirable lec-\\nturer, but for an unfortunate impediment in his speech. They\\nall feel deeply the wrongs they have suffered, and are by no\\nmeans forgetful of their brethren in bonds. When Lewis fii-st\\ncame to this place, he was frequently noticed in silent and deep\\nmeditation. On beina; asked what he was thinking of, he would\\nreply, O, of the poor slaves Here I am free, and they suffer-\\ning so much. Bitter tears are often seen coursing down his\\nmanly cheeks, as he recurs to the scenes of his early suffering.\\nMany persons, who have heard him lecture, have expressed a\\nstrong desire that liis story might he recorded in a connected\\nform. He has therefore concluded to have it printed. He was\\nanxious to add facts from other witnesses, and some appeals\\nfrom other hearts, if by any means he might awaken more hearts\\nto feel for his downtrodden brethren. Nothing seems to grieve\\nhim to the heart like finding a minister of the Gospel, or a pro-\\nfessed Christian, indifferent to the condition of the slave. As to\\ndoing much for the instruction of the minds of the slaves, or for\\nthe salvation of their souls, till they are emancipated, restored\\nto the rights of men, in his opinion it is utterly impossible.\\nWhen the master, or his representative, the man who justifies\\nslaveholding, comes with the whip in one hand and the Bible in\\nthe other, the slave says, at least in liis heart, lay down one or\\nthe other. Either make the tree good and the fruit good, or\\nelse both corrupt together. Slaves do not believe that the re-", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "VllI PREFACE.\\nLiGiON which is from God, bears whips and chains. They ask\\nemphatically concerning their Father in Heaven,\\nHas He bid you buy and sell us,\\nSpeaking from his throne, the sky.\\nFor the facts contained in the following Narrative, Mr. Clarke\\nis of course alone responsible. Yet having had the most ample\\nopportunities for testing his accuracy, I do not hesitate to say,\\nthat I have not a shadow of doubt, but in all material points every\\nword is true. Much of it is in his own language, and all of it\\naccording to his own dictation.\\nJ. C. LOVEJOY.\\nCamhridgeport^ April, 1845.\\ni\\\\", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "NARRATIVE OF LEWIS CLARKE.\\nI WAS born in March, as near as I can ascertain, in\\nthe year 1815, in Madison County, Kentucky, about seven\\nmiles froni Richmond, upon the plantation of my grand-\\nfather, Samuel Campbell. He was considered a very re-\\nspectable man among his fellow robbers the slaveholders.\\nIt did not render him less honorable in their eyes, that he\\ntook to his bed Mary, his slave, perhaps half white, by\\nwhom he had one daughter, Letitia Campbell. This\\nwas before his marriage.\\nMy Father was from beyond the flood from Scot-\\nland, and by trade a w^eaver. He had been married in\\nhis own country, and lost his wife, who left to him, as I\\nhave been told, two sons. He came to this country in\\ntime to be in the earliest scenes of the American Revolu-\\ntion. He was at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and continued\\nin the army to the close of the war. About the year\\n1800, or before, he came to Kentucky, and married Miss\\nLetitia Campbell, then held as a slave by her dear and af-\\nfectionate father. My father died, as near as I can recol-\\nlect, when I was about ten or twelve years of age. He\\nhad received a wound in the war which made him lame as", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10 NARRATIVE OF\\nlong as he lived. I have often heard him tell of Scotland,\\nsing the merry songs of his native land, and long to see its\\nhills once more.\\nMr. Campbell promised my father that his daughter\\nLetitia should be made free in his will. It was with this\\npromise that he married her. And I have no doubt that Mr.\\nCampbell was as good as his word, and that by his luill,\\nmy mother and her nine children were made free. But ten\\npersons in one family, each worth three hundred dollars,\\nare not easily set free among those accustomed to live by\\ncontinued robbery. We did not, therefore, by an instru-\\nment from the hand of the dead, escape the avaricious\\nffrab of the slaveholder. It is the common belief that the\\nwill was destroyed by the heirs of Mr. Campbell.\\nThe night in which I was born, I have been told, was\\ndark and terrible, black as the night for which Job prayed,\\nwhen he besought the clouds to pitch their tent round\\nabout the place of his birth and my life of slavery was\\nbut too exactly prefigured by the stormy elements that\\nhovered over the first hour of my being. It was with\\ngreat difficulty that any one could be urged out for a ne-\\ncessary attendant for my mother. At length one of the\\nsons of Mr. Campbell, William, by the promise from his\\nmother of the child that should be born, was induced to\\nmake an eflbrt to obtain the necessary assistance. By\\ngoing five or six miles he obtained a female professor of\\nthe couch.\\nWilliam Campbell, by virtue of this title, always\\nclaimed me as his property. And well would it have\\nbeen for me, if this claim had been regarded. At the age\\nof six or seven years I fell into the hands of his sister,\\nMrs. Betsey Banton, whose character will be best known", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 11\\nwhen I have told the horrid wrongs which she heaped\\nupon me for ten years. If there are any she spirits that\\ncome up from hell, and take possession of one part of\\nmankind, I am sure she is one of that sort. I was con-\\nsigned to her under the following circumstances When\\nshe was married, there was given her, as part of her\\ndower, as is common among the Algerines of Kentucky,\\na girl by the name of Ruth, about fourteen or fifteen\\nyears old. In a short time Ruth was dejected and injured,\\nby beating and abuse of different kinds, so that she was\\nsold for a half-fool to the more tender mercies of the sugar\\nplanter in Louisiana. The amiable Mrs. Betsey obtained\\nthen, on loan from her parents, another slave named\\nPhillis. In six months she had suffered so severely under\\nthe hand of this monster woman, that she made an at-\\ntempt to kill herself, and was taken home by the parents of\\nMrs. Banton. This produced a regular slave-holding family\\nbrawl a regular war of/owr years, between the mild\\nand peaceable Mrs. B. and her own parents. These wars\\nare very common among the Algerines in Kentucky in-\\ndeed, slave-holders have not arrived at that degree of civi-\\nlization that enables them to live in tolerable peace, though\\nunited by the nearest family ties. In them is fulfilled\\nwhat I have heard read in the Bible: The father is\\nagainst the son, and the daughter-in-law against the\\nmother-in-law, and their foes are of their own household.\\nSome of the slaveholders may have a wide house but\\none of the cat-handed, snake-eyed, brawling women,\\nwhich slavery produces, can fill it from cellar to garret. I\\nhave heard every place I could get into any way, ring with\\ntheir screech-owl voices. Of all the animals on the face\\nof this earth, I am most afraid of a real n)ad, passionate,", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12 NARRATIVE OF\\nraving, slaveholding woman. Some body told me once,\\nthat Edmund Burke declared, that the natives of India\\nfled to the jungles, among tigers and lions, to escape the\\nmore barbarous cruelty of Warren Hastings. I am sure I\\nwould sooner lie down to sleep by the side of tigers, than\\nnear a raging-mad slave woman. But I must go back to\\nsweet Mrs. Banton. I have been describing her in the\\nabstract I will give a full-grown portrait of her, right\\naway. For four years after the trouble about Phillis, she\\nnever came near her father s house. At the end of this\\nperiod another of the amiable sisters was to be married,\\nand sister Betsey could not repress the tide of curiosity,\\nurging her to be present at the nuptial ceremonies. Be-\\nside, she had another motive. Either shrewdly suspecting\\nthat she might deserve less than any member of the fam-\\nily, or that some ungrounded partiality would be mani-\\nfested toward her sister, she determined at all hazards to be\\npresent, and see that the scales which weighed out the\\nchildren of the plantation should be held with even hand.\\nThe wedding day was appointed the sons and daughters\\nof this joyful occasion were gathered together, and then\\ncame also the fair-faced, but black-hearted Mrs. B. Satan\\namong the sons of God was never less welcome, than this\\nfury among her kindred. Tliey all knew what she came\\nfor, to make mischief if possible. Well now, if there\\naint Bets, exclaimed the old lady. The fatiier was\\nmoody and silent, knowing that she inherited largely\\nof the disposition of her mother but he had experienced\\ntoo many of her retorts of courtesy to say as much, for\\ndear experience had taught him the discretion of silence.\\nThe brothers smiled at the prospect of fun and frolick, the\\nsisters trembled for fear, and word flew round among the", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 13\\nslaves, The old she-bear has come home look out look\\nout\\nThe wedding went forward. Polly, a very good sort of\\na girl to be raised in that region, was married, and re-\\nceived, as the first installment of her dower, a girl and a\\nboy. Now was the time for Mrs. Banton, sweet good\\nMrs. Banton. Poll has a girl and a boy, and I only had\\nthat fool of a girl I reckon if I go home without a boy\\ntoo, this house wont be left standing.\\nThis was said, too, while the sugar of the wedding cake\\nwas yet melting upon her tongue how the bitter words\\nwould flow when the guests had retired, all began to\\nimagine. To arrest this whirlwind of rising passion, her\\nmother promised any boy upon the plantation, to be taken\\nhome on her return. Now my evil star was right in the\\ntop of the sky. Every boy was ordered in, to pass before\\nthis female sorceress, that she might select a victim for her\\nunprovoked malice, and on whom to pour the vials of her\\nwrath for years. I was that unlucky fellow. Mr. Camp-\\nbell, my grandfather, objected, because it would divide a\\nfamily, and offered her Moses, whose father and mother\\nhad been sold South. Mrs. Campbell put in for William s\\nclaim, dated ante-natum before I was born but objec-\\ntions and claims of every kind were swept away by the\\nwild passion and shrill-toned voice of Mrs. B. Me she\\nwould have, and none else. Mr. Campbell went out to\\nhunt and drive away bad thoughts the old lady became\\nquiet, for she was sure none of her blood run in my veins,\\nand if there was any of her husband s there, it was no\\nfault of hers. I was too young, only seven years of age,\\nto understand what was going on. But my poor and af-\\nfectionate mother understood and appreciated it all. When\\n2", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14 NARRATIVE OF\\nshe left the kitchen of the Mansion House, where she was\\nemployed as cook, and came home to her own httle cot-\\ntage, the tear of anguish was in her eye, and the image of\\nsorrow upon every feature of her face. She knew the fe-\\nmale Nero, whose rod was now to be over me. That night\\nsleep departed from her eyes with the youngest child clasp-\\ned firmly to her bosom, she spent the night in walking the\\nfloor, coming ever and anon to lift up the clothes and look\\nat me and my poor brother who lay sleeping together.\\nSleeping, I said brother slept, but not I. I saw my mother\\nwhen she first came to me and I could not sleep. The\\nvision of that night, its deep, ineffaceable impression is now\\nbefore my mind with all the distinctness of yesterday. In\\nthe morning I was put into the carriage with Mrs. B. and\\nher children, and my weary pilgrimage of suffering was\\nfairly begun. It was her business on the road for about\\ntwenty five or thirty miles to initiate her children into the\\nart of tormenting their new victim. I was seated upon the\\nbottom of the carriage, and these little imps were employed\\nin pinching me, pulling my ears and hair, and they were\\nstirred up by their mother like a litter of young wolves to\\ntorment me in every way possible. In the mean time I\\nwas compelled by the old she wolf, to call them Master,\\nMistress, and bow to them and obey them at the first\\ncall.\\nDuring that day, I had indeed no very agreeable fore-\\nboding of the torments to come but sad as were my an-\\nticipations, the reality was infinitely beyond them. Infinitely\\nmore bitter than death were the cruelties I experienced\\nat the hand of this merciless woman. Save from one or\\ntwo slaves on the plantation, during my ten years of cap-\\ntivity here, I scarcely heard a kind word, or saw a smile", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 15\\ntoward me from any living being. And now that I am\\nwhere people look kind and act kindly toward me, it\\nseems like a dream. I hardly seem to be in the same\\nworld that I was then. When I first got into the free\\nStates and saw every body look like they loved one\\nanother, sure enough I thought this must be the Heaven\\nof Love I had heard something about. But I must go\\nback to what I suffered from that wicked woman. It is\\nhard work to keep the mind upon it I hate to think it\\nover but I must tell it the world must know what is\\ndone in Kentucky. I cannot, however, tell all the ways,\\nby which she tormented me, I can only give a few instan-\\nces of my suffering as specimens of the whole. A book of\\na thousand pages would not be large enough to tell of all\\nthe tears I shed, and the sufferings endured in that ten\\nYEARS OF Purgatory.\\nA very trivial offence was sufficient to call forth a great\\nburst of indignation from this woman of ungoverned pas-\\nsions. In my simplicity, I put my lips to the same vessel\\nand drank out of it from which her children were accus-\\ntomed to drink. She expressed her utter abhorrence of\\nsuch an act, by throwing my head violently back, and\\ndashing into my face two dippers of water. The shower\\nof water was followed by a heavier shower of kicka yes,\\ndelicate reader, this lady did not hesitate to kick, as well\\nas cuff in a very plentiful manner but the words bitter\\nand cutting that followed were like a storm of hail upon\\nmy young heart. She would teach me better manners\\nthan that she would let me know I was to be brought up\\nto her hand she would have one slave that knew his\\nplace if I wanted water, go to the spring, and not drink\\ntherein the house. This was new times for me for", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16 NARRATIVEOF\\nsome days I was completely benumbed with my sorrow. I\\ncould neither eat nor sleep. If there is any human being\\non earth, who has been so blessed as never to have tasted\\nthe cup of sorrow, and therefore is unable to conceive of\\nsuffering, if there be one so lost to all feeling as even to\\nsay that the slaves do not suffer, when families are sep-\\narated, let such an one go to the ragged quilt which was\\nmy couch and pillow and stand there night after night, for\\nlong weary hours, and see the bitter tears streaming down\\nthe face of that more than orphan boy, while with half sup-\\npressed sighs and sobs, he calls again and again upon\\nhis absent mother.\\nSay, Mother, wast thou conscious of the tears I shed,\\nHovered thy spirit o er thy sorrowing son\\nWretch even then! Life s journey just begun.\\nLet him stand by that couch of bitter sorrow through the\\nterribly lonely night, and then wring out the wet end of\\nthose rags, and see how many tears yet remain, after the\\nburning temples had absorbed all they could. He will not\\ndoubt, he cannot doubt but the slave has feeling. But I\\nfind myself running away again from Mrs. Banton and I\\ndo n t much wonder neither.\\nThere were several children in the family, and my first\\nmain business was to wait upon them. Another young\\nslave and myself have often been compelled to sit up by\\nturns all night, to rock the cradle of a little, peevish scion\\nof slavery. If the cradle was stopped, the moment they\\nawoke a dolorous cry was sent forth to mother or father,\\nthat Lewis had gone to sleep. The reply to this call,\\nwould be a direction from the mother, for these petty ty-\\nrants to get up and take the whip, and give the good-for-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 17\\nnothing scoundrel a smart whipping. This was the mid-\\nnight pastime of a child ten or twelve years old. What\\nmight you expect of the future man\\nThere were four house-slaves in this family, including\\nmyself, and though we had not, in all respects, so hard\\nwork as the field hands, yet in many things our condition\\nwas much worse. We were constantly exposed to the\\nwhims and passions of every member of the family from\\nthe least to the greatest their anger was wreaked upon us.\\nNor was our life an easy one, in the hours of our toil or in\\nthe amount of labor performed. We were always required\\nt-o sit up until all the family had retired then we must be\\nup at early dawn in summer, and before day in winter.\\nIf we failed, through weariness or for any other reason, to\\nappear at the first morning summons, we were sure to have\\nour hearing quickened by a severe chastisement. Such\\nhorror has seized me, lest I might not hear the first shrill\\ncall, that I have often in dreams fancied I heard that un-\\nwelcome call, and have leaj ed from my couch and walked\\nthrough th 3 house and out of it before I awoke. I have\\ngone and called the other slaves, in my sleep, and asked\\nthem if they did not hear master call. Never, while I\\nlive, will the remembrance of those long, bitter nights of\\nfear pass from my mind.\\nBut I want to give you a few specimens of the abuse\\nwhich I received. During the ten years that I lived with\\nMrs. Banton, I do not think there were as many days, when\\nshe was at home, that I, or some other slave, did not re-\\nceive some kind of beating or abu\u00c2\u00abe at her hands. It\\nseemed as though she could not live nor sleep unless some\\npoor back was smarting, some head beating with pain, or\\nsome eye filled with tears, around her. Her tender mer-\\n2#", "height": "3454", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18 NARRATIVE OF\\ncies were indeed cruel. She brought up her children to\\nimitate her example. Two of them manifested some dis-\\nlike to the cruelties taught them by their mother, but they\\nnever stood high in favor with her indeed, any thing\\nlike humanity or kindness to a slave, was looked upon by\\nher as a great offence.\\nHer instruments of torture were ordinarily the raw hide,\\nor a bunch of hickory-sprouts seasoned in the fire and tied\\ntogether. But if these were not at hand, nothing came\\namiss. She could relish a beating with a chair, the broom,\\ntongs, shovel, shears, knife-handle, the heavy heel of her\\nslipper her zeal was so active in these barbarous inflic-\\ntions, that her invention was wonderfully quick, and some\\nway of inflicting the requisite torture was soon found out.\\nOne instrument of torture is worthy of particular de-\\nscription. This was an oak club, a foot and a half in\\nlength and an inch and a half square. With this deli-\\ncate weapon she would beat us upon the hands and upon\\nthe feet until they were blistered. This instrument was\\ncarefully preserved for a period of four years. Every day,\\nfor that time, I was compelled to see that hated tool of\\ncruelty lying in the chair by my side. Tlie least degree of\\ndelinciucncy either in not doing all the appointed work, or\\nin look or behavior, was visited with a beating from this\\noak clul). That club will always be a prominent object in\\nthe picture of horrors of my life of more than twenty years\\nof bitter bondage.\\nWhen about nine years old I was sent in the evening\\nto catch and kill a turkey. They were securely sleeping\\nm a tree their accustomed resting place for the night.\\nI ai)proached as cautiously as possible, selected the victim\\nI was directed to catch, but just as I grasped him in my", "height": "3337", "width": "1778", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 19\\nhand, my foot slipped and he made his escape from the\\ntree and fled beyond my reach. I returned with a\\nheavy heart to my mistress with the story of my misfortune.\\nShe was enraged beyond measure. She determined at\\nonce that I should have a whipping of the worst kind, and\\nshe was bent upon adding all the aggravations possible.\\nMaster had gone to bed drunk, and was now as fast asleep\\nas drunkards ever are. At any rate he was filling the\\nhouse with the noise of his snoring and with the perfume\\nof his breath. I was ordered to go and call him wake\\nhim up and ask him to be kind enough to give me fifty\\ngood smart lashes. To be whipped is bad enough to\\nask for it is worse- to ask a drunken man to whip\\nyou is too bad. I would sooner have gone to a nest\\nof rattlesnakes, than to the bed of this drunkard. But go\\nI must. Softly I crept along, and gently shaking his arm,\\nsaid with a trembling voice, Master, Master, Mistress\\nwants you to wake up. This did not go the extent of\\nher command, and in a great fury she called out- What,\\nyou wont ask him to whip you, will you I then added\\nMistress wants you to give me fifty lashes. A bear at\\nthe smell of a lamb, was never roused quicker. Yes,\\nyes, that I will I ll give you such a whipping as you will\\nnever want again. And sure enough so he did. He sprang\\nfrom the bed, seized me by the hair, lashed me with a hand-\\nful of switches, threw me my whole length upon the floor,\\nbeat, kicked and cuflfed me worse than he would a dog, and\\nthen threw me, with all his strength out of the door more\\ndead than alive. There I lay for a long time scarcely able\\nand not daring to move, till I could hear no sound of the\\nfuries within, and then crept to my couch, longing for\\ndeath to put an end to my misery. I had no friend in the", "height": "3381", "width": "1778", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 NARRATIVE OF\\nworld to whom I could utter one word of connplaint, or to\\nwhom I could look for protection.\\nMr. Banton owned a blacksmith shop in which he spent\\nsome of his time, though he was not a very efficient hand\\nat the forge. One day Mistress told me to go over to the\\nshop and let Master give me a flogging. I knew the mode\\nof punishing there too Well. I would rather die than go. The\\npoor fellow who worked in the shop, a very skilful workmanj\\nneglected one day to pay over a half dollar that he had re-^\\nceived of a customer for a job of work. This was quite an\\nunpardonable offence. No right is more strictly maintain-\\ned by slave holders^ than the right they have to every cent\\nof the slave s wages. The slave kept fifty cents of his own\\nWages in his pocket one night. This came to the knowledge\\nof the Master. He called for the money and it was not\\nspent it was handed to him but there was the horrid in-\\ntention of keeping it. The enraged Master put a handful\\nof nail -rods into the fire, and when they were red hot took\\nthem out, and cooled one after another of them in the\\nblood and flesh of the poor slave s back. T knew this was\\nthe shop mode of punishment I would not go, and Mr.\\nBanton came home, and his amiable lady told him the\\nstory of my refusal he broke forth in a great rage, and\\ngave me a most unmerciful beating, adding that if I had\\ncome, he would have burned the hot nail rods into my back,\\nMrs. Banton, as is common among slave holding women,\\nseemed to hate and abuse me all tlie more, because I had\\nsome of the blood of her father in my veins. There is no\\nslaves that are so badly abused, as those that are related to\\nsome of the women or the children of their own hus-\\nband it seems as though they never could iiate these quite\\nbad enough. My sisters were as white and good look-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 21\\ning as any of the young ladies in Kentucky. It hap-\\npened once of a time, that a young man called at the\\nhouse of Mr. Campbell, to see a sister of Mrs. Banton.\\nSeeing one of my sisters in the house and pretty well dress-\\ned, with a strong family look, he thought it was Miss\\nCampbell, and with that supposition addressed some con-\\nversation to her which he had intended for the private ear\\nof Miss C. The mistake was noised abroad and occasion-\\ned some amusement to young people. Mrs. Banton heard,\\nit made her cauldron of wrath sizzling hot every thing\\nthat diverted and amused other people seemed to enrage\\nher. There are hot springs in Kentucky, she was just like\\none of them, only chuckfull of boiling poison.\\nShe must wreak her vengeance for this innocent mis-\\ntake of the young man, upon me. She would fix me so\\nthat nobody should ever think I was white. Accordingly\\nin a burning hot day, she made me take off every rag of\\nclothes, go out into the garden and pick herbs for hours\\nin order to hum me black. When I went out she threw\\ncold water on me so that the sun might take effect upon\\nme, when I came in she gave me a severe beating on my\\nblistered back.\\nAfter I had lived with Mrs. B. three or four years I was\\nput to spinning hemp, flax and tow, on an old fashioned\\nfoot wheel. There were four or five slaves at this busi-\\nness a good part of the time. We were kept at our work\\nfrom daylight to dark in summer, from long before day\\nto nine or ten o clock in the evening in winter. Mrs.\\nBanton for the most part was near or kept continually\\npassing in and out to see that each of us performed as\\nmuch work as she thought we ought to do. Being young\\nand sick at heart all the time, it was very hard work to go", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 NARRATIVE OF\\nthrough the day and evening and not suffer exceedingly\\nfor want of more sleep. Very often too I was compelled\\nto work beyond the ordinary hour to finish the appointed\\ntask of the day. Sometimes I found it impossible not to\\ndrop asleep at the wheel.\\nOn these occasions Mrs. B. had her peculiar contrivan-\\nces for keeping us awake. She would sometimes sit by\\nthe hour with a dipper of vinegar and salt, and throw it in\\nmy eyes to keep them open. My hair was pulled till\\nthere was no longer any pain from that source. And I\\ncan now suffer myself to he lifted by the hair of the head,\\nwithout experiencing the least pain.\\nShe very often kept me from getting water to satisfy my\\nthirst, and in one instance kept me for two entire days\\nwithout a particle of food.\\nBut all my severe labor, bitter and cruel punishments for\\nthese ten years of captivity with this worse than Arab fam-\\nily, all these were as nothing to the sufferings experienced\\nby being separated from my mother, brothers and sisters\\nthe same things, with them near to sympathize with me, to\\nhear my story of sorrow, would have been comparatively\\ntolerable.\\nThey were distant only about thirty miles, and yet in\\nten long, lonely years of childhood, I was only permitted to\\nsee them three times.\\nMy mother occasionally found an opj)ortunity to send\\nme some token of remembrance and affection, a sugar\\nplum or an apple, but I scarcely ever ate them they were\\nlaid up and handled and wept over till they wasted away\\nin my hand.\\nMy thoughts continually by day and my dreams by\\nnight were of mother and home, and the horror experi-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 23\\nenced in the morning, when I awoke and behold it was\\na dream, is beyond the power of language to describe.\\nBut I am about to leave the den of robbers where I had\\nbeen so long imprisoned. I cannot however call the read-\\ner from his new and pleasant acquaintance with this\\namiable pair, without giving a few more incidents of their\\nhistory. When this is done, and I have taken great pains,\\nas I shall do to put a copy of this portrait in the hands of\\nthis Mrs. B., I shall bid her farewell. If she sees some-\\nthing awfully hideous in her picture as here presented, she\\nwill be constrained to acknowledge it is true to nature I\\nhave given it from no malice, no feeling of resentment to-\\nward her, but that the world may know what is done by\\nslavery, and that slave holders may know, that their crimes\\nwill come to light. I hope and pray that Mrs. B. will repent\\nof her many and aggravated sins before it is too late.\\nThe scenes between her and her husband while I was with\\nthem strongly illustrate the remark of Jefferson, that slavery\\nfosters the worst passions of the master. Scarcely a day\\npassed in which bitter words were not bandied from one to\\nthe other. I have seen Mrs. B. with a large knife drawn\\nin her right hand, the other upon the collar of her husband,\\nswearing and threatening to cut him square in two.\\nThey both drank freely, and swore like highwaymen. He\\nwas a gambler and a counterfeiter. I have seen and hand-\\nled his moulds and his false coin. They finally quarrelled\\nopenly and separated, and the last I knew of them, he was\\nliving a sort of poor vagabond life in his native State,\\nand she was engaged in a protracted law suit with some\\nof her former friends about her father s property.\\nOf course such habits did not produce great thrift in\\ntheir worldly condition, and myself and other slaves were", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24 NARRATIVE OF\\nmortgaged from time to time to make up the deficiency be-\\ntween their income and expenses. I was transferred at the\\nage of sixteen or seventeen to a Mr. K., whose name I for-\\nbear to mention, lest if he or any other man should ever\\nclaim property where they never had any, this my own\\ntestimony might be brought in to aid their wicked purposes.\\nIn the exchange of masters, my condition was in many\\nrespects greatly improved I was free at any rate from\\nthat kind of suffering experienced at the hand of Mrs. B.\\nas though she delighted in cruelty for its own sake. My\\nsituation however with Mr. K. was far from enviable.\\nTaken from the work in and around the house, and put\\nat once at that early age to the constant work of a full\\ngrown man, I found it not an easy task always to escape\\nthe lash of the overseer. In the four or five years that I\\nwas with this man, the overseers were often changed.\\nSometimes we had a man that seemed to have some con-\\nsideration, some mercy, but generally their eye seemed to\\nbe fixed upon one object, and that was to get the greatest\\npossible amount of work out of every slave upon the plan-\\ntation. When stooping to clear the tobacco plants from\\nthe worms which infest them, a work which draws most\\ncruelly upon the back, some of these men would not\\nallow us a moment to rest at the end of the row, but at\\nthe crack of the whip we were compelled to jump to our\\nplaces from row to row for hours while the poor back\\nwas crying out with torture. Any complaint or remon-\\nstance under such circumstances is sure to be answered in\\nno other way than by the lash. As a sheep before her\\nshearers is dumb, so a slave is not permitted to open his\\nmouth.\\nThere were about one hundred and fifty slaves upon", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 25\\nthis plantation. Generally we had enough in quantity of\\nfood. We had however but two meals a day, of corn meal\\nbread, and soup, or meat of the poorest kind. Very often\\nso little care had been taken to cure and preserve the\\nbacon, that when it came to us, though it had been fairly\\nkilled once, it was more alive than dead. Occasionally we\\nhad some refreshment over and above the two meals, but\\nthis was extra, beyond the rules of the plantation. And to\\nbalance this gratuity, we were also frequently deprived of\\nour food as a punishment. We suflered greatly, too, for\\nwant of water. The slave drivers have the notion that\\nslaves are more healthy if allowed to drink but little, than\\nthey are if freely allowed nature s beverage. The slaves\\nquite as confidently cherish the opinion, that if the master\\nwould drink less peach brandy and whisky, and give the\\nslave more water, it would be better all round. As it is,\\nthe more the master and overseer drink, the less they seem\\nto think the slave needs.\\nIn the winter we took our meals before day in the morn-\\ning and after work at night. In the summer at about\\nnine o clock in the morning and at two in the afternoon.\\nWhen we were cheated out of our two meals a day,\\neither by the cruelty or caprice of the overseer, we always\\nfelt it a kind of special duty and privilege to make up in\\nsome way the deficiency. To accomplish this we had many\\ndevices. And we sometimes resorted to our peculiar\\nmethods, when incited only by a desire to taste greater\\nvariety than our ordinary bill of fare atibrded.\\nThis sometimes lead to very disastrous results. The\\npoor slave, who was caught with a chicken or a pig killed\\nfrom the plantation, had his back scored most unmercifully.\\nNevertheless, the pigs would die without being sick or\\n3", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26 NARRATIVE OF\\nsquealing once, and the hens, chickens and turkeys, some-\\ntimes disappeared and never stuck up a feather to tell\\nwhere they were buried. The old goose would sometimes\\nexchange her whole nest of eggs for round pebbles and\\npatient as that animal is, this quality was exhausted, and\\nshe was obliged to leave her nest with no train of offspring\\nbehind her.\\nOne old slave woman upon this plantation was altogether\\ntoo keen and shrewd for the best of them. She would go\\nout to the corn crib, with her basket, watch her opportuni-\\nty, with one effective blow pop over a little pig, slip him\\ninto her basket and put the cobs on top, trudge off to her\\ncabin, and look just as innocent as though she had a right\\nto eat of the work of her own hands. It was a kind of first\\nprinciple, too, in her code of morals, that they that worked\\nhad a right to eat. The moral of all questions in relation\\nto taking food was easily settled by Aunt Peggy. The\\nonly question with her was, how and when to do it.\\nIt could not be done openly, that was plain it must be\\ndone, secretly, if not in the day time by all means in the\\nnight. With a dead pig in the cabin, and the water all\\nhot for scalding, she was at one time warned by her son\\nthat the Philistines were upon her. Her resources were\\nfully equally to the sudden emergency, quick as thought,\\nthe pig was thrown into the boiling kettle, a door was put\\nover it, her daughter seated upon it, and with a good\\nthick quilt around her, the overseer found little Phillis tak-\\ning a steam bath for a terrible cold. The daughter acted\\nwell her part, groaned sadly, the mother was very busy in\\ntucking in the quilt, and the overseer was blinded, and\\nwent away without seeing a bristle of tiie pig.\\nAunt P. cooked for herself, for another slave named", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 27\\nGeorge, and for me. George was very successful in bring-\\ning home his share of the plunder. He could capture a\\npig or a turkey without exciting the least suspicion. The\\nold lady often rallied me for want of courage for such en-\\nterprizes. At length, 1 summoned resolution one rainy\\nnight, and determined there should be one from the herd\\nof swine brought home by my hands. I went to the crib of\\ncorn, got my ear to shell, and my cart stake to despatch a\\nlittle roaster. I raised my arm to strike, summoned cour-\\nage again and again, but to no purpose. The scattered\\nkernels were all picked up and no blow struck. Again I\\nvisited the crib, selected my victim, and struck the\\nblow glanced upon the side of the head, and instead of\\nfaUing, he ran oft squealing louder than ever I heard a pig\\nsqueal before. I ran as fast in an opposite direction, made\\na large circuit and reached the cabin emptied the hot\\nwater and made for my couch as soon as possible. I\\nescaped detection, and only suffered from the ridicule of\\nold Peggy and young George.\\nPoor Jess, upon the same plantation, did not so easily\\nescape. More successful in his effort, he killed his pig,\\nbut he was found out. He was hung up by the hands,\\nwith a rail between his feet, and full three hundred lashes\\nscored in upon his naked back. For a long time his life\\nhung in doubt, and his poor wife, for becoming a partaker\\nafter the fact, was most severely beaten.\\nAnother slave, employed as a driver upon the plantation,\\nwas compelled to whip his own wife, for a similar offence,\\nso severely that she never recovered from the cruelty. She\\nwas literally whipped to death by her own husband.\\nA slave, called Hall, the hostler on the plantation, made\\na successful sally one night upon the animals forbidden to", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 NARRATIVE OF\\nthe Jews. The next day he went into the barn loft and\\nfell asleep. While sleeping over his abundant supper,\\nand dreaming perhaps of his feast, he heard the shrill voice\\nof his master, crying out the hogs are at the horse trough\\nwhere is Hall. The hogs and Hall coupled to-\\ngether, were enough for the poor fellow. He sprung from\\nthe hay and made the best of his way off the plantation.\\nHe was gone six months, and at the end of this period he\\nprocured the intercession of the son-in-law of his master.\\nand returned, escaping the ordinary punishment. But the\\ntransgression was laid up. Slave holders seldom forgive,\\nthey only postpone the time of revenge. When about to\\nbe severely flogged for some pretended offence, he took\\ntwo of his grandsons and escaped as far towards Canada\\nas Indiana. He was followed, captured, brought back\\nand whipped most horribly. All the old score had been\\ntreasured up against him, and his poor back atoned for\\nthe whole at once.\\nOn this plantation was a slave named Sam, whose wife\\nlived a few miles distant, and Sam was very seldom per-\\nmittied to go and see his family. He worked in the black-\\nsmith shop. For a small offence, he was hunj; up by the\\nhands, a rail between his feet, and whipped in turn by the\\nmaster, overseer and one of the waiters, till his back was\\ntorn all to pieces, and in less than two months Sam was\\nin his grave. His last words were, Mother, tell master\\nhe has killed me at last for nothing, but tell him if God\\nwill forgive him, I will.\\nA very poor white woman lived within about a mile of\\nthe plantation house. A female slave named Flora, know-\\ning she was in a very suffering condition, shelled out a\\npeck of corn and carried it to her in the night. Next day", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 29\\nthe old man found it out, and this deed of cliarity was\\natoned for by one hundred and fifty lashes upon the bare\\nback of poor Flora.\\nThe master with whom I now lived, was a very passion-\\nate man. At one time he thought the work on the plan-\\ntation did not go on as it ought. One morning, when he\\nand the overseer waked up from a drunken frolick, they\\nswore the hands should not eat a morsel of any thing, till\\na field of wheat of some sixty acres was all cradled. There\\nwere from thirty to forty hands to do the work. We were\\ndriven on to the extent of our strength, and although a brook\\nran through the field, not one of us was permitted to stop\\nand taste a drop of water. Some of the men were so ex-\\nhausted, that they reeled for very weakness two of the\\nwomen fainted, and one of them was severely whipped to\\nrevive her. They were at last carried helpless from the\\nfield and thrown down under the shade of a tree. At\\nabout five o clock in the afternoon the wheat was all cut\\nand we were permitted to eat. Our suffering for want of\\nwater was excruciating. I trembled all over from the in-\\nward gnawing of hunger and from burning thirst.\\nIn view of the sufi^erings of this day we felt fully justi-\\nfied in making a foraging expedition upon the milk room\\nthat night. And when master and overseer and all hands\\nwere locked up in sleep, ten or twelve of us went down to\\nthe spring house, a house built over a spring to keep the\\nmilk and other things cool. We pressed altogether against\\nthe door, and open it came. We found half of a good\\nbaked pig, plenty of cream, milk and other delicacies, and\\nas we felt in some measure delegated to represent all that\\nhad been cheated of their meals the day before, we ate\\nplentifully. But after a successful plundering expedition\\n3*", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30 NARRATIVE OF\\nwithin the gates of the enemy s camp, it is not easy always\\nto cover the retreat. We had a reserve in ihe pasture for\\nthis purpose. We went up to the herd of swine, and with\\na milk pail in hand, it was easy to persuade them there\\nwas more where that came from, and the whole tribe fol-\\nlowed readily into the spring house, and we left them there\\nto wash the dishes and wipe up the floor, while we retired\\nto rest. This was not malice in us we did not love the\\nwaste which the hogs made but we must have something\\nto eat, to pay for the cruel and reluctant fast and when\\nwe had obtained this, we must of course cover up our\\ntrack. They watch us narrowly and to take an egg, a\\npound of meat, or anything else, however hungry we may\\nbe, is considered a great crime, we are compelled there-\\nfore, to waste a good deal sometimes, to get a little.\\nI lived with this Mr. K. about four or five years. I then\\nfell into the hands of his son. He was a drinking, ignorant\\nman, but not so cruel as his father. Of him I hired my\\ntime at -2 a month, boarded and clothed myself. To\\nmeet my payments, I split rails, burned coal, peddled grass\\nseed, and took hold of whatever I could find to do. This\\nlast master, or owner as he would call himself, died about\\none year before I left Kentucky. By the administrators I\\nwas hired out for a time, and at last put up upon the auc-\\ntion block for sale. No hid could be obtained for me.\\nThere were two reasons in the way. One was, there were\\ntwo or three old mortgages which were not settled, and\\nthe second reason given by the bidders was, I had had too\\nmanv privileges had been permitted to trade for myself\\nand go over the state in short, to use their phrase, 1 was\\na spoilt nigger. And sure enough I was, for all tiieir\\npurposes. 1 had long thought and dreamed of Liberty I", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 31\\nwas now determined to make an eflbrt to gain it. No\\ntongue can tell the doubt, the perplexities, the anxiety which\\na slave feels, when making up his mind upon this subject.\\nIf he makes an effort and is not successful, he must be\\nlaughed at by his fellows he will be beaten unmercifully\\nby the master, and then watched and used the harder for\\nit all his life.\\nAnd then if he gets away, who, what will he find He\\nis ignorant of the world. All the white part of mankind,\\nthat he has ever seen, are enemies to him and all his kin-\\ndred. How can he venture wliere none but white faces\\nshall greet him The master tells him that aboUtionists\\ndecoy slaves off into the free states to catch them and sell\\nthem to Louisiana or Mississippi and if he goes to Canada,\\nthe British will put him in a mine under ground, with\\nboth eyes put out, for life. How does he know what or\\nwhom to believe A horror of great darkness comes upon\\nhim, as he thinks over what may befal him. Long, very\\nlong time did I think of escaping before I made the effort.\\nAt length the report was started that I was to be sold\\nfor Louisiana. Then I thought it was time to act. My\\nmind was made up. This was about two weeks before I\\nstarted. The first plan was formed between a slave named\\nIsaac and myself. Isaac proposed to take one of the\\nhorses of his mistress, and I was to take my pony, and we\\nwere to ride off together, I as master and he as slave. We\\nstarted together and went on five miles. My want of con-\\nfidence in the plan induced me to turn back. Poor Isaac\\nplead like a good fellow to go forward. I am satisfied\\nfrom experience and obserA^ation that both of us must have\\nbeen captured and carried back. I did not know enough\\nat that time to travel and manage a waiter. Every thing", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32 NARRATIVEOF\\nwould have been done in such an awkward manner that a\\nkeen eye would have seen through our plot at once. I\\ndid not know the roads, and could not have read the guide\\nboards and ignorant as many people are in Kentucky, they\\nwould have thought it strange to see a man with a waiter,\\nwho could not read a guide board. I was sorry to leave\\nIsaac, but I am satisfied I could have done him no good in\\nthe way proposed.\\nAfter this failure I staid about two weeks, and, after\\nhaving arranged every thing to the best of my knowledge,\\nI saddled my pony, went into the cellar where I kept my\\ngrass seed apparatus, put my clothes into a pair of saddle-\\nbags, and them into my seed-bag, and thus equipped set\\nsail for the North Star. O what a day was that to me.\\nThis was on Saturday, in August, 1841. I wore my com-\\nmon clothes, and was very careful to avoid special suspi-\\ncion, as I already imagined the administrator was very\\nwatchful of me. The place from which I started was\\nabout fifty miles from Lexington. The reason why I do\\nnot give the name of the place, and a more accurate loca-\\ntion, must be obvious to any one who remembers that\\nin the eye of the law I am yet accounted a slave, and no\\nspot in the United States affords an asylum for the wan-\\nderer. True, I feel protected in the hearts of the many\\nwarm friends of the slave by whom I am surrounded, but\\nthis protection does not come from the laws of any one of\\nthe United States.\\nBut to return. After riding about fifteen miles, a Bai\\nlist minister overtook me on the road, saying, How do\\nyou do, boy are you free I always thouglit you were free,\\ntill I saw them try to sell you the other day. I then\\nwished him a thousand miles ofT, preaching, if he would,", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 33\\nto the whole plantation, Servants obey your masters\\nbut I wanted neither sermons, questions, nor advice from\\nhim. At length I mustered resolution to make some kind\\nof a reply. What made you think I was free? He re-\\nplied, that he had noticed I had great privileges, that I did\\nmuch as I liked, and that I was almost white. O yes, I\\nsaid, but there are a great many slaves as white as I am.\\nYes, he said, and then went on to name several among\\nothers, one who had lately, as he said, run away. This\\nwas touching altogether too near upon what I was think-\\ning of. Now, said I, he must know, or at least reckons,\\nwhat I am at running away.\\nHowever, I blushed as little as possible, and made\\nstrange of the fellow who had lately run away, as though\\nI knew nothing of it. The old fellow looked at me, as it\\nseemed to me, as though he would read my thoughts. I\\nwondered what in the world a slave could run away for,\\nespecially if they had such a chance as I had had for the\\nlast few years. He said, I suppose you would not run\\naway on any account, you are so well treated. O, said\\nI, I do very well very well, sir. If you should ever\\nhear that I had run away, be certain it must be because\\nthere is some great change in my treatment.\\nHe then began to talk with me about the seed in my\\nbag, and said that he should want to buy some. Then, I\\nthought, he means to get at the truth by looking in my\\nseed-bag, where, sure enough, he would not find grass\\nseed, but the seeds of Liberty. However, he dodged off\\nsoon, and left me alone. And although I have heard say,\\npoor company is better than none, I felt much better with-\\nout him than with him.\\nWhen I had gone on about twenty-five miles, I went", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "34 NARRATIVE OF\\ndown into a deep valley by the side of the road, and changed\\nmy clothes. I reached Lexington about seven o clock\\nthat evening, and put up with brother Cyrus. As I had\\noften been to Lexington before, and stopped with him, it\\nexcited no attention from the slave holding gentry. More-\\nover, I had a pass from the administrator, of whom I had\\nhired my time. I remained over the Sabbath with Cyrus,\\nand we talked over a great many plans for future opera-\\ntions, if my efforts to escape should be successful. In-\\ndeed we talked over all sorts of ways for me to proceed.\\nBut both of us were very ignorant of the roads, and of\\nthe best way to escape suspicion. And I sometimes won-\\nder, that a slave, so ignorant, so timid, as he is, ever\\nmakes the attempt to get his freedom. Without are\\nfoes, within are fears.\\nMonday morning, bright and early, I set my face in\\ngood earnest toward the Ohio River, determined to see\\nand tread the north bank of it, or die in the attempt. I\\nsaid to myself, one of two things, Freedom or Death.\\nThe first night I reached Mayslick, fifty odd miles from\\nLexington. Just before reaching this village, I stopped\\nto think over my situation, and determine how I would\\npass that night. On that night hung all my hopes. I was\\nwithin twenty miles of Ohio. My horse was unable to\\nreach the river that night. And besides, to travel and at-\\ntempt to cross the river in the night, would excite suspi-\\ncion. I must spend the night there. But how? At one\\ntime, I thought, I will take my pony out into the field\\nand give him some corn, and sleep myself on the grass.\\nBut then the dogs will be out in the evening, and if\\ncaught under such circumstances, they will lake me for\\na thief if not for a runaway. That will not do. So after", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 35\\nweighing the matter all over, I made a plunge right into\\nthe heart of the village, and put up at the tavern.\\nAfter seeing my pony disposed of, I looked into the bar-\\nroom, and saw some persons that I thought were from my\\npart of the country, and would know me. I shrunk back\\nwith horror. What to do I did not know. I looked\\nacross the street, and saw the shop of a silversmith. A\\nthought of a pair of spectacles, to hide my face, struck me.\\nI went across the way, and began to barter for a pair of\\ndouble eyed green spectacles. When I got them on, they\\nblind-folded me, if they did not others. Every thing\\nseemed right up in my eyes. I hobbled back to the\\ntavern, and called for supper. This I did to avoid notice,\\nfor I felt like any thing but eating. At tea I had not\\nlearned to measure distances with my new eyes, and the\\nfirst pass I made with my knife and fork at my plate, went\\nright into my cup. This confused me still more, and, after\\ndrinking one cup of tea, I left the table, and got ofT to bed\\nas soon as possible. But not a wink of sleep that night.\\nAll was confusion, dreams, anxiety and trembling.\\nAs soon as day dawned, I called for my horse, paid my\\nreckoning, and was on my way, rejoicing that that night\\nwas gone, any how. I made all diligence on my way,\\nand was across the Ohio, and in Aberdeen by noon that\\nday\\nWhat my feelings were when I reached the free shore,\\ncan be better imagined than described. I trembled all\\nover with deep emotion, and I could feel my hair rise\\nup on my head. I was on what was called a free soil,\\namong a people who had no slaves. I saw white men at\\nwork, and no slave smarting beneath the lash. Every\\nthing was indeed neiv and wonderful. Not knowing", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36 NARRATIVE OF\\nwhere to find a friend, and being ignorant of the country.\\nunwilhiig to inquire lest I should betray my ignorance,\\nit was a whole week before I reached Cincinnati. At one\\nplace where I put up, I had a great many more questions\\nput to me than I wished to answer. At another place I\\nwas very much annoyed by the officiousness of the land-\\nlord, who made it a point to supply every guest with news-\\npapers. I took the copy handed me, and turned it over\\nin a somewhat awkward manner, I suppose. He came to\\nme to point out a Veto, or some other very important\\nnews. I thought it best to decline his assistance, and\\ngave up the paper, saying my eyes were not in a fit condi-\\ntion to read much.\\nAt another place, the neighbors, on learning that a\\nKentuckian was at the tavern, camie in great earnestness\\nto find out what my business was. Kentuckians some-\\ntimes came there to kidnap their citizens they were in\\nthe habit of watching them close. I at length satisfied\\nthem, by assuring them that I was not, nor my father be-\\nfore me, any slave holder at all but, lest their suspicions\\nshould be excited in another direction, I added, my grand-\\nfather was a slave holder.\\nAt Cincinnati I found some old acquaintances, and spent\\nseveral days. In passing through some of the streets, I\\nseveral times saw a great slave dealer from Kentucky, who\\nknew me, and when I approached him, I was very careful\\nto give him a wide berth. The only advice that I here re-\\nceived, was from a man who had once been a slave. He\\nurged me to sell my pony, go up the river to Portsmouth,\\nthen take the canal for Cleveland, and cross over to Cana-\\nda. I acted u[)on this suggestion, sold my horse for a\\nsmall sum, as he was pretty well used up, took passage for", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 37\\nPortsmouth, and soon found myself on the canal-boat,\\nheaded for Cleveland. On the boat I became acquainted\\nwith a Mr. Conoly, from New York. He was very sick\\nwith fever and ague, and as he was a stranger and alone, I\\ntook the best possible care of him for a time. One day, in\\nconversation with him, he spoke of the slaves in the most\\nharsh and bitter language, and was especially severe on\\nthose who attempted to run away. Thinks I, you are\\nnot the man for me to have much to do with. I found the\\nspirit of slaveholding was not all South of the Ohio River.\\nNo sooner had I reached Cleveland, than a trouble came\\nupon me from a very unexpected quarter. A rough, swear-\\ning, reckless creature in the shape of a man, came up to\\nme and declared I had passed a bad five dollar bill upon\\nhis wife, in the boat, and he demanded the silver for it. I\\nhad never seen him nor his wife before. He pursued me\\ninto the tavern, swearing and threatening all the way.\\nThe travellers, that had just arrived at the tavern, were\\nasked to give their names to the clerk, that he might enter\\nthem upon the book. He called on me for my name, just\\nas this ruffian was in the midst of his assault upon me.\\nOn leaving Kentucky I thought it best for my own security\\nto take a new name, and I had been entered on the boat,\\nas Archibald Campbell. I knew, with such a charge as\\nthis man was making against me, it would not do to change\\nmy name from the boat to the hotel. At the moment, I\\ncould not recollect what I had called myself, and for a few\\nminutes, I was in a complete puzzle. The clerk kept call-\\ning, and I made believe deaf, till at length the name popped\\nback again, and I w^as duly enrolled a guest at the tavern\\nin Cleveland. I had heard before of persons being fright-\\nened out of their Christian names, but I was fairly scared\\n4", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "38 NARRATIVE OF\\nout of both mine for awhile. The landlord soon protected\\nme from the violence of the bad-meaning man, and drove\\nhim away from the house.\\nI was detained at Cleveland several days, not knowing\\nhow to get across the Lake into Canada. I went out to\\nthe shore of the lake again and again, to try and see the\\nother side, but I could see no hill, mountain, nor city of the\\nasylum I sought. I was afraid to inquire where it was, lest\\nit would betray such a degree of ignorance as to excite\\nsuspicion at once. One day I heard a man ask another,\\nemployed on board a vessel, and where does this vessel\\ntrade Well, I thought, if that is a proper question for\\nyou, it is for me. So 1 passed along and asked of every\\nvessel, Where does this vessel trade At last the\\nanswer came, over here in Kettle Creek, near Port Stan-\\nley. And where is that, said I. O, right over here in\\nCanada^ That was the sound for me, over here in Can-\\nada. The captain asked me if I wanted a passage to Can-\\nada. I thought it would not do to be too earnest about it,\\nlest it would betray me. I told him I some thought of going,\\nif I could get a passage cheap. We soon came to terms\\non this point, and that evening we set sail. After proceed-\\ning only nine miles the wind changed, and the captain re-\\nturned to port again. This I thought was a very bad\\nomen. However, I stuck by, and the next evening at nine\\no clock we set sail once more, and at daylight, we were in\\nCanada.\\nWhen I stepped ashore here, 1 said, sure enough I am\\nKRKK. Good heaven what a sensation, when it first visits\\nthe bosom of a full grown man one, born to bondage\\none, who iiad been taught from early infancy, that this was\\nhis inevitable lot for life. Not till then, did I dare to cherish", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 39\\nfor a moment the feeling that one of the Hmbs of my body,\\nwas my own. The slaves often say, when cut in the hand\\nor foot, plague on the old foot, or the old hand, it is mas-\\nter s let him take care of it Nigger don t care if he\\nnever get well. My hands, my feet, were now my own.\\nBut what to do with them was the next question. A\\nstrange sky was over me, a new earth under me, strange\\nvoices all around even the animals were such as I had\\nnever seen. A flock of prairie hens and some black geese,\\nwere entirely new to me. I was entirely alone, no human\\nbeing that I had ever seen before, where I could speak to\\nhim or he to me.\\nAnd could I make that country ever seem like home 1\\nSome people are very much afraid all the slaves will run\\nup North, if they are ever free. But I can assure them\\nthat they will run hack again if they do. If I could have\\nbeen assured of my freedom in Kentucky then, I would\\nhave given any thing in the world for the prospect of spend-\\ning my life among my old acquaintances, and where I first\\nsaw the sky, and the sun rise and go down. It was a long\\ntime before I could make the sun work right at all. It would\\nrise in the wrong place, and go down wrong, and finally it\\nbehaved so bad, I thought it could not be the same sun.\\nThere was a little something added to this feeling of\\nstrangeness. I could not forget all the horrid stories slave-\\nholders tell about Canada. They assure the slave, that\\nwhen they get hold of slaves in Canada, they make various\\nuses of them. Sometimes they skin the head, and wear\\nthe wool on their coat collars put them into the lead\\nmines with both eyes out the young slaves they eat\\nand as for the Red Coats, they are sure death to the slave.\\nHowever ridiculous to a well informed person such stories", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "40 NARRATIVE OF\\nmay appear, they work powerfully upon the excited imagi-\\nnation of an ignorant slave. With these stories all fresh\\nin mind, when I arrived at St. Thomas, I kept a bright\\nlook out for the Red Coats. As I was turning the corner\\nof one of the streets, sure enough, there stood before me\\na Red Coat in full uniform, with his tall bear-skin cap a\\nfoot and a half high, his gun shouldered, and he standing\\nas erect as a guide-post. Sure enough, tiiat is the fellow\\nthat they tell about catching the slave. I turned on mv\\nheel and sought another street. On turning another cor-\\nner, the same soldier, as I thought, faced me with his\\nblack cap and stern look. Sure enough, my time has come\\nnow. I was as near scared to death then, as a man can\\nbe and breathe. I could not have felt any worse, if he\\nhad shot me right through the heart. I made off again as\\nsoon as I dared to move. I inquired for a tavern. When\\nI came up to it, there was a great brazen lion sleepirig\\nover the door, and although I knew it was not alive, I had\\nbeen so well frightened, that I was almost afraid to go in.\\nHunger drove me to it at last, and I asked for something\\nto eat.\\nOn my way to St. Thomas I w?is also badly frightened.\\nA man asked me who I was. I was afraid to tell him, a\\nrunaway slave, lest he should have me to the mines. 1\\nwas afraid to say, I am an American, lest he should\\nshoot me, for I knew there had been trouble between the\\nBritish and Americans. I inquired at length for the place\\nwhere the greatest number of colored soldiers were. I\\nwas told there were a great many at New London so for\\nNew London I started. I got a ride with some country\\npeople to the latter place. They asked me who I was,\\nand I told tlicni from Kentucky and they, in a familiar", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE, 41\\nway, called me Old Kentuck. I saw some soldiers on\\nthe way, and asked the men what they had soldiers for.\\nThey said they were kept to get drunk and be whipt\\nthat was the chief use they made of them. At last 1\\nreached New London, and here I found soldiers in great\\nnumbers. I attended at their parade, and saw the guard\\ndriving the people back but it required no guard to keep\\nme off. I thought, if you will let me alone, I will not\\ntrouble you. I was as much afraid of a red coat, as I\\nwould have been of a bear. Here I asked again for the\\ncolored soldiers. The answer was, Out at Chatham,\\nabout seventy miles distant. I started for Chatham.\\nThe first night I stopped at a place called the Indian Set-\\ntlement. The door was barred at the house where I was,\\nwhich I did not like so well, as I was yet somewhat afraid\\nof their Canadian tricks. Just before I got to Chatham,\\nI met two colored soldiers, with a white man bound, and\\ndriving him along before them. This was something quite\\nnew. I thought then, sure enough this is the land for me.\\nI had seen a great many colored people bound, and in the\\nhands of the whites, but this was changing things right\\nabout. This removed all my suspicions, and ever after I\\nfelt quite easy in Canada. I made diligent inquiry for\\nseveral slaves that I had known in Kentucky, and at\\nlength found one named Henry. He told me of several\\nothers with whom I had been acquainted, and from him\\nalso I received the first correct information about brother\\nMilton. I knew that he had left Kentucky about a year\\nbefore I did, and I supposed, until now, that he was in\\nCanada. Henry told me he was at Oberlin, Ohio.\\nAt Chatham I hired myself for a while to recruit my\\npurse a little, as it had become pretty well drained by thi\\n4*", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42 NARRATIVE OF\\ntime. I had only about sixty-four dollars when I left\\nKentucky, and I had been living upon it now for about\\nsix weeks. Mr. Everett, with whom I worked, treated me\\nkindly, and urged me to stay in Canada, offering me busi-\\nness on his farm. He declared there was no free state\\nin America, all were slave states bound to slavery, and\\nthe slave could have no asylum in any of them. There\\nis certainly a great deal of truth in this remark. I have\\nfelt, wherever I may be in the United States, the kidnap-\\npers may be upon me at any moment. If I should creep\\nup to the top of the monument on Bunker s Hill, beneath\\nwhich my father fought, I should not be safe even there.\\nThe slave-mongers have a right, by the laws of the United\\nStales, to seek me even upon the top of the monument,\\nwhose base rests upon the bones of those who fought for\\nfreedom.\\nI soon after made my way to Sandwich, and crossed\\nover to Detroit, on my way to Ohio, to see Milton. While\\nin Canada I swapped away my pistol, as I thought I\\nshould not need it, for an old watch. When I arrived at\\nDetroit, I found my watch was gone. I put my baggage,\\nwith nearly every cent of money I had, on board the boat\\nfor Cleveland, and went back to Sandwich to search for\\nthe old watch. The ferry here was about three-fourths of\\na mile, and in my zeal for the old watch, I wandered so\\nfar that I did not get back in season for the boat, and had\\nthe satisfaction of hearing her last bell just as I was about\\nto leave the Canada shore. When I got back to Detroit\\nI was in a fine fix my money and my clothes gone, and\\nI left to wander about in the streets of Detroit. A man\\nmay be a man for all clothes or money, but he don t feel\\nquite so well, any how. What to do now I could hardly", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 43\\ntell. It was about the first of November. I wandered\\nabout and picked up something very cheap for supper, and\\npaid ninepence for lodging. All the next day no boat for\\nCleveland. Long days and nights to me. At length\\nanother boat was up for Cleveland. I went to the captain\\nto tell him my story he was very cross and savage said\\na man no business from home without money that so\\nmany told stories about losing money that he did not know\\nwhat to believe. He finally asked me how much money 1\\nhad. I told him sixty-two and a half cents. Well, he\\nsaid, give me that, and pay the balance when you get\\nthere. I gave him every cent I had. We were a day\\nand a night on the passage, and I had nothing to eat\\nexcept some cold potatoes, which I picked from a barrel of\\nfragments, and cold victuals. I went to the steward, or\\ncook, and asked for something to eat, but he told me his\\norders were strict to give away nothing, and if he should\\ndo it, he would lose his place at once.\\nWhen the boat came to Cleveland it was in the night,\\nand I thought I would spend the balance of the night in\\nthe boat. The steward soon came along, and asked if T\\ndid not know that the boat had landed, and the passengers\\nhad gone ashore. I told him I knew it, but I had paid\\nthe captain all the money I had, and could get no shelter\\nfor the night unless I remained in the boat. He was very\\nharsh and unfeeling, and drove me ashore, although it was\\nvery cold, and snow on the ground. I walked around\\nawhile, till I saw a light in a small house of entertainment.\\nI called for lodging. In the morning, the Frenchman,\\nwho kept it, wanted to know if I would have breakfast.\\nI told him no. He said then I might pay for my lodging.\\nI told him I would do so before I left, and that my outside\\ncoat might hang there till I paid him.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44 NARRATIVE OF\\nI was obliged at once to start on an expedition for rais-\\ning some cash. My resources were not very numerous. 1\\ntook a hair brush that I had paid three York shillings for,\\na short time before, and sallied out to make a sale. But\\nthe wants of every person I met seemed to be in the same\\ndirection with my own; they wanted money more than\\nhair brushes. At last I found a customer who paid me\\nninepence cash, and a small balance in the shape of some-\\nthing to cat for breakfast. I was started square for that day,\\nand delivered out of my present distress. But hunger will\\nreturn, and all the quicker when a man don t know how to\\nsatisfy it when it does come. I went to a plain boarding\\nhouse, and told the man just my situation, that I was wait-\\ning for the boat to return from Buffalo, hoping to get my\\nbaggage and money. He said he would board me two or\\nthree days and risk it. I tried to get work, but no one\\nseemed inclined to employ me. At last I gave up in de-\\nspair, about my luggage, and concluded to start as soon as\\npossible for Oberlin. I sold my great coat for two dollars,\\npaid one for my board, and with the other I was going to\\npay my fare to Oberlin. That night, after I had made all\\nmy arrangements to leave in the morning, the boat came.\\nOn hearing the bell of a steam boat, in the night, I jumped\\nup and went to the wliarf, and found my baggage paid\\na quarter of a dollar for the long journey it had been\\ncarried, and glad enough to get it again at that.\\nThe next morning I took the stage for Oberlin found\\nseveral abolitionists from that ])lacc in the coach. They\\nmentioned a slave named Milton Clarke, who was living-\\nthere, that he had a brother in Canada, and that he ex-\\npected him there soon. They spoke in a very friendly man-\\nner of Milton, and of the slaves so after we had had a long", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "LEVVISCLARKE. 45\\nconversation, and I perceived they were all friendly, I made\\nmyself known to them. To be thus surrounded at once\\nwith friends, in a land of strangers, was something quite\\nnew to me. The impression made by the kindness of\\nthese strangers upon my heart, will never be effaced. I\\nthought there must be some new principle at work here,\\nsuch as I had not seen much of in Kentucky. That even-\\ning I arrived at Oberlin, and found Milton boarding at a\\nMrs. Cole s. Finding here so many friends, my first im.-\\npression was that all the abolitionists in the country must\\nlive right there together. When Milton spoke of going to\\nMassachusetts, No said I, we better stay here where\\nthe abolitionists live. x\\\\nd when they assured me that\\nthe friends of the slave were more numerous in Massachu-\\nsetts than in Ohio, I was greatly surprised.\\nMilton and I had not seen each other for a year during\\nthat time we had passed through the greatest change in out-\\nward condition, that can befal a man in this world. How\\nglad we were to greet each other in what we then thought\\na free State, may be easily imagined. We little dreamed of\\nthe dangers sleeping around us. Brother Milton had not\\nencountered so much danger in getting away as I had. But\\nhis time for suffering was soon to come. For several years\\nbefore his escayje, Milton had hired his time of his master,\\nand had been employed as a steward in different steam\\nboats upon the river. He had paid as high as two hun-\\ndred dollars a year for his time. From his master he had\\na written pass, permitting him to go up and down the Mis-\\nsissippi and Ohio rivers when he pleased. He found it easy\\ntherefore to land on the north side of the Ohio river, and\\nconcluded to take his own time for returning. He had\\ncaused a letter to be written to Mr. L., his pretended", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "46 NARRATIVE OF\\nowner, telling him to give himself no anxiety on his account\\nthat he had found by experience he had wit enough to take\\ncare of himself, and he thought the care of his master was\\nnot worth the two hundred dollars a year which he had\\nbeen paying for it for four years that on the whole, if his\\nmaster would be quiet and contented, he thought he should\\ndo very well. This letter, the escape of two persons be-\\nlonging to the same family, and from the same region, in\\none year, waked up the fears and the spite of the slave\\nholders. However, they let us have a little respite, and\\nthrough the following winter and spring, we were employed\\nin various kinds of work at Oberlin and in the neighbor-\\nhood.\\nAll this time I was deliberating upon a plan by which\\nto go down and rescue Cyrus, our youngest brother, from\\nbondage. In July 1842, I gathered what little money I\\nhad saved, which was not a large sum, and started for Ken-\\ntucky again. As near as I remember I had about twenty\\ndollars. I did not tell my plan to but one or two at Oberlin,\\nbecause there were many slaves there, and I did not know\\nbut that it might get to Kentucky in some way through\\nthem sooner than I should. On my way down through\\nOhio, I advised with several well known friends of the\\nslave. Most of them pointed out the dangers I should en-\\ncounter, and urged me not to go. One young man told inc\\nto go, and the God of heaven would prosper mc. I knew\\nit was dangerous, but I did not then dream of all that I\\nmust suffer in body and mind before I was through with\\nit. It is not a very comfortable feeling to be creeping\\nround day and night for nearly two weeks together in a\\nden of lions, where if one of them happens to put his paw-\\non you, it is certain death, or something much worse.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 47\\nAt Ripley, I met a man who had lived in Kentucky he\\nencouraged me to go forward, and directed me about the\\nroads. He told me to keep on a back route not much trav-\\nelled, and I should not be likely to be molested. I crossed\\nthe river at Ripley, and when I reached the other side, and\\nwas again upon the soil on which [had suffered so much, I\\ntrembled, shuddered, at the thoughts of what might happen\\nto me. My fears, my feelings overcame for the moment all\\nmy resolution, and I was for a time completely overcome\\nwith emotion. Tears flowed like a brook of water. I had\\njust left kind friends I was now where every man I met\\nwould be my enemy. It was a long time before I could sum-\\nmon courage sufficient to proceed. I had with me a rude\\nmap made by the Kentuckian vv^hom I saw at Ripley. Af-\\nter examining this as well as I could, I proceeded. In the\\nafternoon of the first day, as I was sitting in a stream to\\nbathe and cool my feet, a man rode up on horseback, and\\nentered into a long conversation with me. He asked me\\nsome questions about my travelling, but none but what I\\ncould easily answer. He pointed out to me a house where\\na white woman lived, who he said had recently suffered\\nterribly from a fright. Eight slaves, that were running\\naway, called for something to eat, and the poor woman\\nwas sorely scared by them. For his part, the man said, he\\nhoped they never would find the slaves again. Slavery\\nwas the curse of Kentucky. He had been brought up to\\nwork and he liked to work, but slavery made it it disgrace-\\nful for any white man to work. From this conversation I\\nwas almost a good mind to trust this man, and tell him my\\nstory, but on second thought, I concluded it might be just as\\nsafe not to do it. A hundred or two dollars for returning\\na slave, for a poor man, is a heavy temptation. At night", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "48 NARRATIVEOF\\nT stopped at the house of a widow woman, not a tavern ex-\\nactly, but they often entertained people there. The next day\\nwhen I got as far as Cynthiana, within about twenty miles\\nof Lexington, I was sore all over and lame from having\\nwalked so far. I tried to hire a horse and carriage to help\\nme a few miles. At last I agreed with a man to send me\\nforward to a certain place, which he said was twelve\\nmiles, and for which I paid him, in advance, three dollars.\\nIt proved to be only seven miles. This was now Sabbath\\nday, as I had selected that as the most suitable day for\\nmaking my entrance into Lexington. There is much more\\npassing in and out on that day, and I thought I should be\\nmuch less observed than on any other day.\\nWhen I approached the city and met troops of idlers on\\nfoot and on horseback, sauntering out of the city, I was\\nvery careful to keep my umbrella before my face, as people\\npassed, and kept my eyes right before me. There were many\\npersons in the place, who had known me, and I did not\\ncare to be recognized by any of them. Just before enter-\\ning the city, I turned ofl to the field, and laid down under\\na tree and waited for night. When its curtains were fairly\\nover me, I started up, took two pocket handkerchiefs, tied\\none over my forehead, the other under my chin, and march-\\ned forward for the city. It was not then so dark as I\\nwished it was. I met a young slave driving cows. He\\nwas quite disposed to condole with me, and said, in a very\\nsympathetic manner, Massa sick. Yes, boy, I said,\\nMassa sick, drive along your covins. The next color-\\ned man I met, I knew liim in a moment, but he did not\\nrecognize me. I made for the wash-house of the man with\\nwhom Cyrus lived. I reached it without attracting any\\nnotice, and found there an old slave as true as steel. I", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 49\\ninquired for Cyrus, he said lie was at home. He very\\nsoon recollected me and while the boy was gone to call\\nCyrus, he uttered a great many exclamations of wonder to\\nthink I should return.\\nGood heaven, boy what you back here for What\\non arth you here for, my son O I scared for you\\nThey kill you, just as sure as I alive, if they catch you\\nWhy, in name of Liberty, didn t you stay away, when\\nyou gone so slick Sartin, I never did spect to see you\\nagain I said, Don t be scared. But he kept repeating,\\nI scared for you I scared for you When I told him\\nmy errand, his v^ onder was somewhat abated, but still his\\nexclamations were repeated all the evening. What\\nbrought you back here In a few minutes Cyrus made\\nhis appearance, filled with little less of wonder than the\\nold man had manifested. I had intended, when I left him\\nabout a year before, that I would return for him, if I was\\nsuccessful in my effort for freedom. He was very glad to\\nsee me, and entered with great animation upon the plan\\nfor his own escape. He had a wife, who was a free\\nwoman, and consequently he had a home. He soon went\\nout, and left me in the wash-room with the old man. He\\nwent home to apprize his wife, and to prepare a room for\\nmy concealment. His wife is a very active, industrious\\nwoman, and they were enabled to rent a very comfortable\\nhouse, and at this time had a spare room in the attic,\\nwhere I could be thoroughly concealed.\\nHe soon returned, and said every thing was ready. I\\nwent home with him, and before ten o clock at night I was\\nstowed away in a little room that was to be my prison-\\nhouse for about a week. It was a comfortable room still\\nthe confinement was close, and I was unable to take exer-\\n5", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "50 NARRATIVE OF\\ncise, lest the people in the other part of the house should\\nhear. I got out and walked around a little in the even-\\ning, but suffered a good deal for want of more room to\\nlive and move in. During the day Cyrus was busy mak-\\ning arrangements for his departure. He had several little\\nsums of money in the hands of the foreman of the tan-\\nyard, and in other hands. Now it would not do to go\\nright boldly up and demand his pay of every one that\\nowed him this would lead to suspicion at once. So he\\ncontrived various ways to get in his little debts. He had\\nseen the foreman one day counting out some singular coin\\nof some foreign nation he pretended to take a great lik-\\ning to that foreign money, and told the man, if he would\\npay him what was due him in that money, he would give\\nhim two or three dollars. From another person he took\\nan order on a store, and so, in various ways, he got in his\\nlittle debts as well as he could. At night we contrived to\\nplan the ways and means of escaping. Cyrus had never\\nbeen much accustomed to walking, and he dreaded very\\nmuch to undertake such a journey. He proposed to take\\na couple of horses, as he thought he had richly earned\\nthem, over and above all he had received. I objected to\\nthis, because, if we were caught, either in Kentucky or\\nout of it, they would bring against us the charge of steal-\\ning, and this would be far worse than the charge of run-\\nning away.\\nTo all these propositions I firmly replied, We must\\ngo on foot. In the course of a week, Cyrus had gather-\\ned something like twenty dollars, and we were ready for\\nour journey. A family lived in the same house with\\nCyrus, in a room below. How to get out in the early part\\nof the evening, and not be discovered, was not an easy", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 51\\nquestion. Finally, we agreed that Cyrus should go down\\nand get into conversation with them, while I slipped out\\nwith his bundle of clothes, and repaired to a certain\\nstreet, where he was to meet me.\\nAs I passed silently out at the door, Cyrus was cracking\\nhis best jokes, and raising a general laugh, which com-\\npletely covered my retreat. Cyrus soon took quiet and\\nunexpected leave of his frienis in that family, and leave\\nalso of his wife above for a short time only. At a little\\npast eight of the clock, we were beyond the bounds of the\\ncity. His wife did all she could to assist him in his effort\\nto gain his inalienable rights. She did not dare, however,\\nto let the slaveholders know that she knew any thing of his\\nattempt to run away. He had told the slaves that he was\\ngoing to see his sister, about twelve miles off. It was Sat-\\nurday night when we left Lexington. On entering the\\ntown, when I went in, I was so intent upon covering up my\\nface, that I took but little notice of the roads. We were\\nvery soon exceedingly perplexed to know what road to\\ntake. The moon favored us, for it was a clear, beautiful\\nnight. On we came, but at the cross of the roads what to\\ndo we did not know. At length I climbed one of the\\nguide posts, and spelled out the names as well as I could.\\nWe were on the road to freedom s boundary, and with a\\nstrong step we measured off the path but again the cross\\nroads perplexed us. This time we took hold of the sign\\npost and lifted it out ot the ground, and turned it upon one\\nof its horns, and spelled out the way again. As we start-\\ned from this goal, I told Cyrus we had not put up the\\nsign post. He pulled forward, and said he guessed we\\nwould do that when we came back. Whether the sign\\nboard is up or down, we have never been there to see.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "52 NARRATIVE OF\\nSoon after leaving the city, we met a great many of the\\npatrols, but they did not arrest us, and we had no disposi-\\ntion to trouble them.\\nWhile we vvere pressing on by moon light, and some-\\ntimes in great doubt about the road, Cyrus was a good\\ndeal discouraged. He thought if we got upon the wrong\\nroad, it would be almost certain death for us, or something\\nworse. In the morning we found that, on account of our\\nembarrassment in regard to the roads, we had only made\\na progress of some twenty or twenty-five miles. But we\\nwere greatly cheered to find they were so many miles in\\nthe right direction. Then we put the best foot forward,\\nand urged our way as fast as possible. In the afternoon it\\nrained very hard, the roads were muddy and slippery.\\nWe had slept none the night before, and had been of\\ncourse very much excited. In this state of mind and of\\nbody, just before dark we stopped in a little patch of\\nbushes, to discuss the expediency of going to a house,\\nwhich we saw at a distance, to spend the night.\\nAs we sat there, Cyrus became very much excited, and\\npointing across the road, exclaimed, Don t you see that\\nanimal there. I looked, but saw nothing still he affirm-\\ned that he saw a dreadful-looking animal looking at us,\\nand ready to make a spring. He began to feel for his pis-\\ntols, but I told him not to fire there but he persisted in\\npointing to the animal, although I am persuaded he saw\\nnothing, only by the force of his imagination. I had some\\ndoubts about telling this story, lest people would not be-\\nlieve me but a friend has suggested to me that such\\nthings are not uncommon, when the imagination is strong-\\nly excited. The reader may see confirmation of this fact,\\nby turning to a note at the end of this pamphlet.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 53\\nIn travelling through the rain and mud this afternoonj\\nwe suffered beyond all power of description. Sometimes\\nwe found ourselves just ready to stand fast asleep in the\\nmiddle of the road. Our feet were blistered all over.\\nWhen Cyrus would get almost discouraged, I urged him\\non, saying we were walking for freedom now. Yes, he\\nwould say, Freedom is good, Lewis, but this is a hard,\\nh-a-r-d way to get it. This he would say half asleep.\\nWe were so weak before night, that we several times fell\\nupon our knees in the road. We had crackers with us,\\nbut we had no appetite to eat fears were behind us, hope\\nbefore and we were driven and drawn as hard as ever men\\nwere. Our limbs and joints were so stiff, that if we took\\na step to the right hand or left, it seemed as though it would\\nshake us to pieces. It was a dark, weary day to us both.\\nAt length I succeeded in getting the consent of Cyrus\\nto go to a house for the night. We found a plain farmer s\\nfamily. The good man was all taken up in talking about\\nthe camp-meeting held that day about three miles from\\nhis house. He only asked us where we were from,\\nand we told him our home was in Ohio. He said the\\nyoung men had behaved unaccountably bad at the camp-\\nmeeting, and they had but little comfort of it. They\\nmocked the preachers, and disturbed the meeting badly.\\nWe escaped suspicion more readily, as I have no doubt,\\nfrom the supposition, on the part of many, that we were\\ngoing to the camp-meeting. Next morning we called at\\nthe meeting, as it was on our way, bought up a little extra\\ngingerbread against the time of need, and marched for-\\nward for the Ohio. When any one inquired why we left\\nthe meeting so soon, we had an answer ready the young\\nmen behave so bad, we can get no good of tiie meeting.\\n5*", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "54 Narrative Of*\\nBy this time we limped badly, and we were sore\\nall over. A young lady whom we met, noticing that we\\nwalked lame, cried out, mocking us, O my feet, my feet,\\nhow sore. At about eleven o clock we reached the\\nriver, two miles below Ripley. The botjtman was on the\\nother side. We called for him. He asked us a few ques-\\ntions. This was a last point with us. We tried our best\\nto appear unconcerned. T asked questions about the\\nboats, as thougli I had been there before went to Cyrus\\nand said. Sir, I have no change, will you lend me enough\\nto pay my toll I will pay you before we part. When\\nwe were fairly landed upon the northern bank, and had\\ngone a few steps, Cyrus stopped suddenly on seeing the\\nwater gush out at the side of the hill. Said he, Lewis,\\ngive me that tin cup. What in the world do you want\\nof a tin cup now we have not time to stop. The cup\\nhe would have. Then he went up to the spring, dipped\\nand drank, and dipped and drank then he would look\\nround and drink again. What in the world, said I,\\nare you fooling there for O, said he, this is the\\nfirst time I ever had a chance to drink water that ran out\\nof the free dirt. Then we went a little further, and he\\nsat down on a log. 1 urged him forward. O, said he,\\nI must sit on this free timber a little while.\\nA short distance further on, we saw a man who seemed\\nto watch us very closely. I asked him which was the best\\nway to go, over the hill before us or around it. I did this\\nto appear to know something about the location. He\\nwent off without oHcring any obstacles to our journey. In\\ngoing up the hill, Cyrus would stop and lay down and roll\\nover. What in the world are you about, Cyrus don t\\nyou see Kentucky is over there He still continued to", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARltE. 55\\nroll and kiss the ground said it was a game horse that\\ncould roll clear over; then he would put face to the\\nground, and roll over and over. First time, he said,\\nhe ever rolled on// ee grass.\\nAfter he recovered a little from his sportive mood, we\\nwent up to the house of a good friend of the slave at Rip-\\nley. We were weary and worn enough though ever\\nsince we left the River, it seemed as though Cyrus was\\nyoung and spry as a colt but when we got where we\\ncould rest, we found ourselves tired. The good lady\\nshowed us into a good bed-room. Cyrus was skittish.\\nHe would not go in and lay down. I am afraid, said\\nhe, of old mistress. She is too good too good\\ncan t be so they want to catch us both. So to pacify\\nhim, I had to go out into the orchard and rest there.\\nWhen the young men came home, he soon got acquainted,\\nand felt sure they were his friends. From this place we\\nwere sent on by the friends, from place to place, till we\\nreached Oberlin, Ohio, in about five weeks after I left\\nthere to go for Cyrus. I had encountered a good deal of\\nperil; had suffered much from anxiety of feeling; but felt\\nrichly repaid in seeing another brother free.\\nWe stopped at Oberlin a few days, and then Cyrus\\nstarted for Canada. He did not feel exactly safe. When\\nhe reached the Lake, he met a man from Lexington who\\nknew him perfectly indeed, the very man of whom his\\nwife hired her house. This man asked him if he was\\nfree. He told him yes, he was free, and he was hunting\\nfor brother Milton, to get him to go back and settle with\\nthe old man for his freedom. Putnam told him that was\\nall right. He asked Cyrus if he should still want that house\\nhis wife lived in O yes, said Cyrus, we will notify", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "56 Narrative OF\\nyou when we don t want it any more. You tell them 1\\nshall be down there in a few days. I have heard of Mil-^\\nton, and expect to have him soon to carry back with me.\\nPutnam went home, and when he found what a fool Cyrus\\nhad made of him, he was vexed enough. A rascal,\\nhe said, I could have caught him as well as not.\\nCyrus hastened over to Canada. He did not like that\\ncountry so well as the States, and in a few weeks return-\\ned. He had already sent a letter to his wife, giving her an\\naccount of his successful escape, and urging her to join\\nhim as soon as possible. He had the pleasure of meeting\\nhis wife and her three children by a former husband, and\\nthey have found a quiet resting place, where, if the rumor\\nof oppression reaches them, they do not feel its scourge,\\nnor its chains. And there is no doubt entertained by any\\nof his friends but he can take care of himself.\\nHe begins already to appreciate his rights, and to main-\\ntain them as a freeman. The following paragraph con-\\ncerning him was published in the Liberty Press about one\\nyear since.\\nPROGRESS OF PREEDOM.\\nSCENE AT HAMILTON VILLAGE, N. Y.\\nMr. Cyrus Clarke, a brother of tlic well known Milton and\\nLewis Clarke, (all of whom, till withhi a short time since, for\\nsome twenty-five years were slaves in Kentucky,) mildly, but\\nfirmly presented his ballot at the town meeting board. Be it\\nknown that said Cyrus, as well as his brothers, are jchite, with\\nonly a sprinkling of the African just enough to make them\\nbright, quick, and intelligent, and scarcely observable in the\\ncolor except by the keen and scenting slaveholder. Mr. Clarke\\nhad all the necessary qualifications of white men to vote.\\nSlave. Gentlemen, here is my ballot, I wish to vote. (Board", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 57\\nand bystanders, well knowing him, all were aghast the waters\\nwere troubled the slave legions were up in their might.\\nJudge E. You can t vote Are you not, and have you not\\nbeen a slave\\nSlave. I shall not lie to vote. I am and have been a slave,\\nso called but I wish to vote, and I believe it my right and duty.\\nJudge E. Slaves can t vote.\\nSlave. Will you just show me in your books, constitution, or\\nwhatever you call them, where it says a slave can t vote\\nJudge E. (Pretending to look over the law, c., well know-\\ning he was used up. Well, well, you are a colored man, and\\ncan t vote without you are worth $250.\\n_ Slave. I am as white as you and don t ijou vote 1\\n(]\\\\Ir. E. is well known to be very dark indeed, as dark or\\ndarker than Clarke. The current began to set against Mr. E.\\nby murmurs, sneers, laughs, and many other demonstrations of\\ndislike.)\\nJudge E. Are you not a colored man and is not your hair\\ncurly\\nSlave. We are both colored men and all w^e differ is, that\\nyou have not the handsome wavy curl you raise GoaVs loool,\\nand I come, as you see, a little nearer Saxony.\\nAt this time the fire and fun was at its height, and was fast\\nconsuming the judge w ith public opprobrium.\\nJudge E. I challenge this man s vote, he being a colored\\nman, and not worth $250.\\nFriends and foes warmly contested what constituted a colored\\nman by the New York statute. The board finally came to the\\nhonorable conclusion that, to be a colored man, he must be at\\nleast one half blood African. Mr. Clarke, the slave, then voted,\\nhe being nearly full w^hite. I have the history of this transaction\\nfrom Mr. Clarke, in person. In substance it is as told me, but\\nvarying more or less from his language used.\\nParis, March 12, 1844. J. Thompson.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58 NARRATIVE OF\\nMartha, the wife of Cyrus, had a long story of the wrath\\nof the slaveholders, because he ran away. Monday morn-\\ning she went down in great distress to the overseer to in-\\nquire for her husband. She, of course, was in great anx-\\niety about him, Mr. Logan threatened her severely, but\\nshe, having a little mixture of the Indian, Saxon and African\\nblood, was quite too keen for them. She succeeded in so\\nfar lulling their suspicions as to make her escape, and was\\nvery fortunate in her journey to her husband.\\nSoon after the escape of Cyrus, the Goths and Vandals\\nof Kentucky made an irruption into Ohio, going about like\\nSatan, seeking whom they might devour. Their special\\nobject of attack, however, was brotiier Milton. In August\\n1842, Milton and myself went up to Madison, Lake county,\\nOhio, to spend a few days. Milton went in a private con-\\nveyance with a widow lady named Cole, and her daughter.\\nI went in the stage. Mrs. Cole and daughter spent their\\ntime at Dr. Merriam s. Milton and myself were the guests\\nof a Mr. Winchester. We went to meeting with the fam-\\nily on the Sabbath, and in the evening gave some account\\nof our sufferings while in bondage. Postlewaite and Mc-\\nGowan, two pirates from Kentucky, were in the neighbor-\\nhood at this time, waiting like beasts of prey to leap upon\\ntheir victim.\\nMonday morning, my brother and myself, with two or\\nthree of Mr. Winchester s family, rode up to Dr. Merriam s\\nto see the sick daughter of Mrs. Cole. Milton sat a few\\nmoments in the carriage, and tlie sick daughter of Mrs.\\nCole and a child of Dr. Merriam came out and wanted a\\nride. lie had driven only a mile or two, when a close car-\\nriage met him, and turning directly across the road, several\\npersons leaped out and stopped his horse. He had no", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 59\\nsuspicion who they were, and asked what they wanted. If\\nthey wanted money, he had but half a dollar, he told them,\\nand they were welcome to that. They replied, We do not\\nwant your money, but you. Four men were now around\\nhim, and one of them ordered him to get out of the bug-\\ngy Have you we will, dead or alive.\\nAs he jumped from the carriage, and struck the ground,\\nthey all leaped upon him, bent his head down to the ground,\\nand bound him with a rope. The horse, which he left\\nturned out of the road, upset ihe carriage, and tipped out\\nthe little girls the sick one never recovered from the\\nshock she received. Milton appealed to them to take care\\nof the children, who were screaming in a frightful manner.\\nThe only reply was, that if they did not hold their tongues,\\nthey would cut their d d throats.\\nAfter Milton was bound, he was carried to Centreville,\\nbefore a magistrate called Page. The agents of Mr. Lo-\\ngan of Kentucky, had power of attorney to seize and bring\\nhome, wherever found, one Milton Clarke, the property of\\nthe said Logan. These man-hunters were provided with\\npapers, by which they could identify him, and had also\\nrecommendations from some of the leading men in Ken-\\ntucky. They employed a miserable toad-eater of a law-\\nyer, who calls himself Robert Harper. This less than\\nman was ready to betray innocent blood for less than thirty\\npieces of silver. The examination was continued before\\nthe magistrate for several hours. The result was, that\\nMilton was delivered over to those whose tender mercies\\nare cruel. Meanwhile, the friends of the slave had not\\nbeen idle. They had procured two writs, one from Lake\\ncounty, to arrest Postlewaite Co. as kidnappers, another\\nfrom Ashtabula county, to take the body of Milton Clarke.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "60 NARRATIVE OF\\nThe road that lead from the place of trial was between the\\ntwo counties. Great numbers were by this time gathered\\ntogether. They so managed to throw obstructions in the\\nway of the carriage, that it could make only a zigzag course\\nuntil both writs were served, Milton was released and taken\\ninto x \\\\shtabula county and permitted to go free, the kid-\\nnappers in great wrath were taken in an opposite direction,\\nand after a while they were permitted to return empty\\nhanded to Kentucky.\\nWe remained but a short time after this in Ohio. I\\nspent a few days in New York found there a great many\\nwarm friends, and in the autumn of 1843 I came to old\\nMassacliusetts. feince that time I have been engaged a\\nlarge part of the time in telling the story of what I have\\nfelt and seen of slavery.\\nI have generally found large audiences, and a great de-\\nsire to hear about slavery. 1 have been in all the New-\\nEngland States except Connecticut. Have held, I suppose,\\nmore tlian five hundred meetings in different places, some-\\ntimes two or three in a place. These meetings have been\\nkindly noticed by many of the papers of all parties and\\nsects. Others have been very bitter and unjust in their\\nremarks, and tried to throw every possible obstacle in my\\nway. A large majority of ministers have been willing to\\ngive notice of my meetings, and many of them have at-\\ntended them. I find that most ministers say they are abo-\\nlitionists, but truth compels me to add, that in talking with\\nthem, I find many are more zealous to apologize for the\\nslave-holders, than they are to take any active measures to\\ndo away slavery.\\nSince coming to the free States, I have been struck with\\ngreat surprise at the quiet and peaceable manner in which", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 61\\nfamilies live. I had no conception that women could live\\nwithout quarreling, till I came into the free States.\\nAfter I had been in Ohio a short time, and had not seen\\nnor heard any scolding or quarreling in the families where\\nI was, I did not know how to account for it. I told Mil-\\nton, one day, what a faculty these women have of keeping\\nall their bad feelings to themselves. I have not seen them\\nquarrel with their husbands, nor with the girls, or children,\\nsince I have been here. O, said Milton, these women\\nare not like our women in Kentucky they don t fight at\\nail. I told him I doubted that I guess they do it some-\\nwhere in the kitchen, or down cellar. It can t be,\\nsaid I, that a woman can live, and not scold or quarrel.\\nMilton laughed, and told me to watch them, and see if I\\ncould catch them at it. I have kept my eyes and ears\\nopen from that day to this, and I have not found the place\\nwhere the women get mad and rave like they do in Ken-\\ntucky yet. If they do it here, they are uncommon sly\\nbut I have about concluded that they are altogether differ-\\nent here from what they are in the slave States. I reckon\\nslavery must work upon their minds and dispositions, and\\nmake them ugly.\\nIt has been a matter of great wonder to me also, to see\\nall the children, rich and poor, going to school. Every\\nfew miles I see a school-house here I did not know what\\nit meant when I saw these houses, when I first came to\\nOhio. In Kentucky, if you should feed your horse only\\nwhen you come to a school-house, he would starve to death.\\nI never had heard a church bell only at Lexington, in\\nmy life. When I saw steeples and meeting houses so\\nthick, it seemed like I had got into another world. No-\\nthing seems more wonderful to me now, than the different\\n6", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "62 NARRATIVE OF\\nway they keep the Sabbath there, and here. In the\\ncountry, in summer, there the people gather in groups\\naround the meeting house, built of logs, or around in the\\ngroves where they often meet one company, and perhaps\\nthe minister with them, are talking about the price of\\nniggers, pork, and corn another group are playing cards\\nothers are swapping horses, or horse-racing all in sight of\\nthe meeting-house or place of worship. After a while the\\nminister tells them it is time to begin. They stop playing\\nand talking for awhile. If they call him right smart, they\\nhear him out if he is no account, they turn to their\\ncards and horses, and finish their devotion in this manner.\\nThe slaveholders are continually telling how poor the\\nwhite people are in the free States, and how much they\\nsuffer from poverty no masters to look out for them.\\nWhen, therefore, I came into Ohio, and found nearly\\nevery family living in more real comfort than almost any\\nglaveholder, you may easily see I did not know what to\\nmake of it. I see how it is now every man in the free\\nStates works and as they work for themselves, they do\\ntwice as much as they would do for another.\\nIn fact, my wonder at the contrast between the slave\\nand the free States has not ceased yet. The more I see\\nhere, the more 1 know slavery curses the masters as well\\nas the slave. It curses the soil, the houses, the churches,\\nthe schools, the burying-grounds, the flocks and the herds\\nit curses man and beast, male and female, old and young.\\nIt curses the child in the cradle, and heaps curses upon\\nupon the old man as he lies in his grave. Let all the\\npeople, then, of the civilized world get up upon Mount\\nEbal, and curse it with a long and bitter curse, and with a\\nloud voice, till it withers and dies till the year of Jubilee", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "LEWIS CLARKE. 63\\ndawns upon the South, till the sun of a Free Day sends\\na beam of light and joy into every cabin.\\nI wish here sincerely to recognize the hand of a kind\\nProvidence in leading me from that terrible house of bon-\\ndage, for raising me up friends in a land of strangers, and\\nfor leading me, as I hope, to a saving knowledge of the\\ntruth as it is in Christ. A slave cannot be sure that he\\nwill always enjoy his religion in peace. Some of them are\\nbeaten for acts of devotion. I can never express to God\\nall the gratitude which I owe him for the many favors I\\nnow enjoy. I try to live in love with all men. Nothing\\nwould delight me more, than to take the worst slaveholder\\nby the hand, even Mrs. Banton, and freely forgive her, if\\nI thought she had repented of her sins. While she, or\\nany other man or woman is trampling down the image of\\nGod, and abusing the life out of the poor slave, I cannot\\nbelieve they are Christians, or that they ought to be allow-\\ned the Christian name for one moment. I testify against\\nthem now, as having none of the spirit of Christ. There\\nwill be a cloud of swift witnesses against them at the day\\nof judgment. The testimony of the slave M ill be heard\\nthen. He has no voice at the tribunals of earthly justice,\\nbut he will one day be heard and then such revelations\\nwill be made, as will fully justify the opinion which I have\\nbeen compelled to form of slaveholders. They are a Seed\\nof evil-doers, corrupt are they they have done abom-\\ninable works.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nA SKETCH OF THE CLARKE FAMILY.\\nMy mother was called a very handsome woman. She\\nwas very much esteemed by all who knew her the slaves\\nlooked up to her for advice. She died, much lamented,\\nof the cholera, in the year 1833. I was not at home, and\\nhad not even the melancholy pleasure of following her to\\nher grave.\\n1. The name of the oldest member of the family was\\nArchy. He never enjoyed very good health, but was a\\nman of great ingenuity, and very much beloved by all his\\nassociates, colored and white. Through his own exertions,\\nand the kindness of C. M. Clay and one or two other\\nfriends, he procured his freedom. He lived to repay Mr.\\nClay and others the money advanced for him, but not long\\nenough to enjoy for many years the freedom for which\\nhe had struggled so hard. He paid six hundred dollars\\nfor himself. He died about seven years since, leaving a\\nwife and four or five children in bondage the inherit-\\nance of the widow and poor orphans is, labor without\\nWAGES wrongs WITH NO REDRESS SEPARATION FROM\\nEACH OTHER FOR LIFE, and HO being to hear their com-\\n6*", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66 APPENDIX.\\nplaint, but that God who is the widow s God and Judge.\\nShall I not be avenged on such a nation as this\\n2. Sister Christiana was next to Archy in age. She\\nwas first married to a free colored man. By him she had\\nseveral children. Her master did not like this connection,\\nand her husband was driven away, and told never to be\\nseen there again. The name of her master is Oliver An-\\nderson he is a leading man in the Presbyterian Church,\\nand is considered one of the best among slaveholders.\\nMr. Anderson married Polly Campbell, at the time I was\\ngiven to Mrs. Betsy Banton. I believe she and Mre. Ban-\\nton have not spoken together since they divided the slaves\\nat the death of their father. They are the only two sis-\\nters now living of the Campbell family.\\n3. Dennis is the third member of our family. He is a\\nfree man in Kentucky, and is doing a very good business\\nthere. He was assisted by a Mr. Wm. L. Stevenson, and\\nalso by his sister, in getting his freedom. He never had\\nany knowledge of our intention of running away, nor did\\nhe assist us in any manner whatever.\\n4. Alexander is the fourth child of my mother. He is\\nthe slave of a Dr. Richardson has with him a very easy\\ntime lives as well as a man can and be a slave has no\\nintention of running away. He lives very much like a\\nsecond-hand gentleman, and I do not know as he would\\nleave Kentucky on any condition.\\n5. My mother lost her fifth child soon after it was\\nborn.\\n6. Delia came next. Hers was a most bitter and tragi-\\ncal history. She was so unfortunate as to be uncommonly\\nhandsome, and when arrived at woman s estate, was con-\\nsidered a great prize for the guilty passions of the slave-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE CLARKE FAMILY. 67\\nholders. She was at this time the property of Joseph\\nLogan, who had married one of the daughters of Mr.\\nCampbell. On the death of his wife, he proposed to make\\na mistress of poor Delia. By the advice of her mother,\\nshe rejected every such proposal. Her mother urged her\\nto die, rather than give herself up to him.\\nFor her refusal, she was repeatedly and most cruelly\\nwhipped. One day, while beating her in a most terrible\\nmanner, my mother went out, (she was at this time the\\nproperty of this same Logan.) and entreated him not to\\nkill her child. The brute turned round and knocked her\\ndown, and beat out several of her teeth. Milton was\\nstanding by, and when he saw this, he ran to the wood-\\nhouse and got an axe, and was coming to cut this monster\\ndown. Mother was up, and met him just in lime to keep\\nhim back if he had attempted it, of course Logan would\\nhave killed him in a moment.\\nLogan never succeeded in his infernal purposes. Vexed\\nand disappointed, he determined on revenge. Sister was\\nsold to Warren Orford, a slave-dealer, carried down to\\nNew Orleans, and put upon the auction block. The bid-\\nding went on rapidly, till it was up to a thousand dollars\\nthere seemed to be some hesitation then. She had been\\ndecked out in rich clothing, like a victim for the sacrifice.\\nThe auctioneer at this point took out his recommendations\\nShe is a member of the Baptist Church, in good\\nstanding, pious and exemplary, and warranted never to\\nhave had connection with any man.\\nThe bidding was suddenly brisk, and she was knocked\\noff at sixteen hundred dollars. Fortunately, God had pro-\\nvided for her a humane master. She went immediately\\ninto the hands of a kind-hearted Frenchman, who emanci-\\npated her, and made her his lawful wife.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "68 APPENDIX.\\nIn a few years her husband died, and left her a hand-\\nsome property. She only visited Kentucky once after this,\\nwhen she assisted Dennis in getting his freedom. She\\nintended to go on, and, if possible, get the whole family\\nfree, as fast as she could. But death cut short all her pur-\\nposes of kindness and sisterly affection. She is remem-\\nbered by the whole family with a most melancholy and\\ntender interest. She left no children, and the estate came\\nproperly to the brother who is free in Kentucky. But he\\nhas made very little exertion to get it, and probably would\\nnot be successful if he should.*\\n7. To No. 7, I, Lewis Clarke, respond, and of me you\\nhave heard enough already.\\n8. Milton comes next, and he is speaking for himself.\\nHe is almost constantly engaged in giving lectures upon\\nthe subject of slavery has more calls usually than he can\\nattend to.\\n9. Manda, the ninth child, died when she was about fif-\\nteen or sixteen years of age. She suffered a good deal\\nfrom Joseph Logan s second wife.\\n10. Cyrus is the youngest of the family, and lives at\\nHamilton, New York.\\nShe left a writing saying she wished Milton to take her property,\\nand use it for the family. lie went down to New Orleans to get it, but\\nbeing a slave, he was told there he could not get the property.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 69\\nQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.\\nThe following questions are often asked me, when I\\nmeet the people in public, and I have thought it would be\\nwell to put down the answers here.\\nHow many holidays in a year do the slaves in Ken-\\ntucky have They usually have six days at Christmas,\\nand two or three others in the course of the year. Pub-\\nlic opinion generally seems to require this much of slave-\\nholders a few give more, some less, some none, not a day\\nnor an hour.\\nHow do slaves spend the Sabbath? Every way the\\nmaster pleases. There are certain kinds of work which\\nare respectable for Sabbath-day. Slaves are often sent\\nout to salt the cattle, collect and count the pigs and sheep,\\nmend fences, drive the stock from one pasture to another.\\nBreaking young horses and mules to send them to market,\\nyoking young oxen and training them, is proper Sabbath\\nwork. Piling and burning brush on the back part of the\\nlot, grubbing brier patches that are out of the way, and\\nwhere they will not be seen. Sometimes corn must be\\nshelled in the corn-crib hemp is baled in the hemp-house.\\nThe still-house must be attended on the Sabbath. In\\nthese and various other such like employments, the more\\navaricious slaveholders keep their slaves busy a good part\\nof every Sabbath. It is a great day for visiting and eat-\\ning, and the house servants often have more to do on that\\nthan on any other day.\\nWhat if strangers come along and see you at work", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "to APPENDIX.\\nWe must quit shelling corn, and go to play with the cobs,\\nor else we must be clearing land on our own account.\\nWe must cover up master s sins as much as possible, and\\ntake it all to ourselves. It is hardly fair for he ought\\nrather to account for our sins, than we for his.\\nWhy did you not learn to read I did not dare to\\nlearn. I attempted to spell some words when a child.\\nOne of the children of Mrs. Banton went in and told her\\nthat she heard Lewis spelling. Mrs. B. jumped up as\\nthough she had been shot. Let me ever know you to\\nspell another word, I ll take your heart right out of you.\\nI had a strong desire to learn. But it would not do to\\nhave slaves learn to read and write. They could read the\\nguide-boards. They could write passes for each other.\\nThey cannot leave the plantation on the Sabbath without\\na written pass.\\nWhat proportion of slaves attend church on the Sab-\\nbath In the country not more than one in ten on an\\naverage.\\nHow many slaves have you ever known that could\\nread I never saw more than three or four that could\\nproperly read at all. I never saw but one that could\\nwrite.\\nWhat do slaves know about the Bible They generally\\nbelieve there is somewhere a real Bible, that came from\\nGod but they frequently say the Bible now used is mas-\\nter s Bible, most tiiat they hear from it being, Servants,\\nobey your masters.\\nAre families often separated? How many such cases\\nhave you personally known? I never knew a whole fam-\\nily to live together, till all were grown up, in my life.\\nThere is almost always, in every family, some one or more", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 71\\nkeen and bright, or else sullen and stubborn slave, whose\\ninfluence they are afraid of on the rest of the family, and\\nsuch an one must take a walking ticket to the South.\\nThere are other causes of separation. The death of a\\nlarge owner is the occasion usually of many families being\\nbroken up. Bankruptcy is another cause of separation,\\nand the hard-heartedness of a majority of slaveholders\\nanother and a more fruitful cause than either or all the\\nrest. Generally there is but little more scruple about sep-\\narating families than there is with a man who keeps sheep\\nin selling off the lambs in the fall. On one plantation\\nwhere I lived, there was an old slave named Paris. He was\\nfrom fifty to sixty years old, and a very honest and appa-\\nrently a pious slave. A slave-trader came along one day,\\ngathering hands for the South. The old master ordered the\\nwaiter or coachman to take Paris into the back room, pluck\\nout all his grey hairs, rub his face with a greasy towel, and\\nthen had him brought forward and sold for a young man.\\nHis wife consented to go with him, upon a promise from\\nthe trader that they should be sold together, with their\\nyoungest child, which she carried in her arms. They left\\ntwo behind them, who were only from four to six or eight\\nyears of age. The speculator collected his drove, started\\nfor the market, and before he left the State he sold that\\ninfant child to pay one of his tavern bills, and took the\\nbalance in cash. This was the news which came back to\\nus, and was never disputed.\\nI saw one slave mother, named Lucy, with seven chil-\\ndren, put up by an administrator for sale. At first the\\nmother and three small children were put up together.\\nThe purchasers objected one says, I want the woman and\\nthe babe, but not the other children another says, I want", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "72 APPENDIX\\nthat little girl and another, I want the boy. Well, says\\nthe Administrator, I must let you have them to the best\\nadvantage. So the children were taken away the mother\\nand infant were first sold, then child after child the\\nmother looking on in perfect agony and as one child after\\nanother came down from the auction block, they would\\nrun, and cling weeping to her clothes. The poor mother\\nstood, till nature gave way she fainted and fell, with her\\nchild in her arms. The only sympathy she received from\\nmost of the hard-hearted monsters who had riven her\\nheart-strings asunder was, She is a d d deceitful bitch\\nI wish she was mine, I would teach her better than to cut\\nup such shines as that here. When she came to, she\\nmoaned wofuUy, and prayed that she might die, to be re-\\nlieved from her sufferings.\\nI knew another slave named Nathan, who had a slave\\nwoman for a wife. She was killed by hard usage. Nathan\\nthen declared he would never have another slave wife.\\nHe selected a free woman for a companion. His master\\nopposed it violently. But Nathan persevered in his\\nchoice, and in consequence was sold to go down South.\\nHe returned once to see his wife, and she soon after died\\nof grief and disappointment. On his return South, he\\nleaped from the boat, and attempted to swim ashore his\\nmaster, on board the boat, took a gun and deliberately\\nshot him, and he drifted down tiie current of the river.\\nOn this subject of separation of families, I must plant\\none more rose in the garland that I have already tied\\nupon the brow of the sweet Mrs. Banton. The reader\\ncannot have forgotten her and in the delectable business\\nof tearing families asunder she of course would have a\\nhand. A slave by the name of Susan was taken by Mrs.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Q U E S T I O N S A N D A N S VV E R S 73\\nBanton on mortgage. She had been well treated where\\nshe was brought up, had a husband, and they were very\\nhappy together. Susan mourned in bitterness over her\\nseparation, and pined away under tlie cruel hand of Mrs.\\nBanton. At length she ran away, and hid herself in the\\nneighborhood of her husband. When this came to the\\nknowledge of Mrs. B., she charged her husband to go for\\nSuke, and never let her see his face unless she was\\nwith him. No, said she, if you are offered a double\\nprice, don t you take it, I want my satisfaction out of\\nher, and then you may sell her as soon as you please.\\nSusan was brought back in fetters, and Mr. and Mrs, B.\\nboth took their satisfaction they beat and tortured poor\\nSusan till her premature offspring perished, and she almost\\nsank beneath their merciless hands, and then they sold her\\nto be carried a hundred miles farther away from her hus-\\nband. Ah slavery is like running the dissecting knife\\naround the heart, among all the tender fibres of our being,\\nA man by the name of Bill Myers, in Kentucky, went\\nto a large number of auctions, and purchased women\\nabout forty years old, with their youngest children in their\\narms. As they are about to cease bearing at that age,\\nthey are sold cheap. The children he took and shut up\\nin a log pen, and set some old worn-out slave women to\\nmake broth and feed them. The mothers he gathered in\\na large drove, and carried them South and sold them.\\nHe was detained there for months longer than he expected,\\nand winter coming on, and no proper provision having\\nbeen made for the children, many of them perished with\\ncold and hunger, some were frost bitten, and all were ema-\\nciated to skeletons. This was the only attempt that I ever\\nknew, for gathering young children together, like a litter\\n7", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "74 APPENDIX.\\nof pigs, to be raised for the market. The success was not\\nsuch as to warrant a repetition on the part of Myers.\\nJockey Billy Barnett had a slave-prison, where he gath-\\nered his droves of husbands, fathers and wives, separated\\nfrom their friends, and he tried to keep up their spirits by\\nemploying one or two fiddlers to play for them, while they\\ndanced over and upon the torn-off fibres of their hearts.\\nSeveral women were known to have died in that worse\\nthan Calcutta Black Hole of grief. They mourned for\\ntheir children, and would not be comforted because they\\nwere not.\\nHow are the slave cabins usually built They are\\nmade of small logs, about from ten to twenty feet square.\\nThe roof is covered with splits, and dirt is thrown in to\\nraise the bottom, and then it is beat down hard for a floor.\\nThe chimneys are made of cut sticks and clay. In the\\ncorners, or at the sides, there are pens made, filled with\\nstraw, for sleeping. Very commonly two or three families\\nare huddled together in one cabin, and in cold weather\\nthey sleep together promiscuously, old and young. Some\\nfew families are indulged in the privilege of having a few\\nhens or ducks around them, but this is not very common.\\nWhat amount of food do slaves have in Kentucky\\nThey are not put on allowance they generally have\\nenough of corn bread, and meat and soup are dealt to\\nihem occasionally.\\nWhat is the clothing of a slave for a year For sum-\\nmer he has usually a pair of tow and linen pants, and two\\nshirts of the same material. He has a pair of shoes, a\\npair of woolsey pants, and a round jacket for winter.\\nThe account current of a slave with his master stands\\nabout thus", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 75\\nICHABOD LlVE-WlTHOL T-WoRK, iu UCCOUnt With\\nJohn Work-Without-Pay, Cr.\\nTo one man s work, $100 00\\nContra Credit.\\nBy 13 bushels of corn meal at 10 cents, $1 30\\n100 lbs. mean bacon and pork at 1^ cents, 1 50\\nChickens, pigs, c., taken without leave, say 1 50\\n9 yds. of tow and linen, for shirts and pants,\\nat 12i, 1 12^.\\n1 pair of shoes, 1 50\\nCloth for jacket and winter pants, 5i yds. at\\n2 shillings, 1 84\\nMaking clothes, 1 00\\n1 Blanket, 1 00\\n2 Hats or caps, 75\\nSll 51^\\n$88 48*\\nThe account stands unbalanced thus till the great day of\\nreckoning comes.\\nNow allow that one half of the slaves are capable of\\nlabor that they can earn on an average ,one half the sum\\nabove named; that would give us 50 a year for\\n1,500,000 slaves, which would be seventy-five millions- as\\nthe sum robbed from the slaves every year!! Wo unto\\nhim that useth his neighbor s service without wages. Wo\\nunto him that buildeth his house by iniquity, for the\\nstone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the\\ntimber shall answer it. Behold the hire of the laborers\\nwho have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept\\nback by fraud, crieth and the cries of them which have\\nreaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76 APPENDIX.\\nYe have lived in pleasure on the earth and been wan-\\nton ye have nourished your hearts as iii a day of\\nslaughter.\\nHave you ever known a slave mother to kill her own\\nchildren There was a slave mother near where I lived,\\nwho took her child into the cellar and killed it. She did\\nit to prevent being separated from her child. Another\\nslave mother took her thi ee children and threw them into\\na well, and then jumped in with them, and they were all\\ndrowned. Other instances I have frequently heard of. At\\nthe death of many and many a slave child 1 have seen the\\ntwo feelings struggling in the bosom of a mother joy\\nthat it was beyond the reach of the slave monsters, and the\\nnatural grief of a mother over her child. In the presence\\nof the master, grief seems to predominate when away\\nfrom them, they rejoice that there is one whom the slave-\\ndriver will never torment.\\nHow is it that masters kill their slaves, when they are\\nworth so much money They do it to gratify passion\\nthis must be done, cost what it may. Some say a man\\nwill not kill a horse worth a hundred dollars, much less a\\nslave worth several hundred dollars. A horse has no such\\nivill of his own, as the slave has he does not provoke\\nthe man as a slave docs. The master knows there is con-\\ntrivance with the slave to outwit him the horse has no\\nsuch contrivance. This conflict of the two wills is what\\nmakes the master so much more passionate with his slave\\nthan with a horse. A slaveholder must be master on the\\nplantation, or he knows the example would destroy all\\nauthority.\\nWhat do they do with old slaves who are past labor?\\nContrive all ways to keep them at work till the last hour", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 77\\nof life. Make them shell corn and pack tobacco. They\\nhunt and drive them as long as there is any life in them.\\nSometimes they turn them out to do the best they can, or\\ndie. One man, on moving to Missouri, sold an old slave\\nfor one dollar, to a man not worth a cent. The old slave\\nwas turned out to do the best he could he fought with\\nage and starvation awhile, but was soon found, one morn-\\ning, starved to death, out of doors, and half eaten up by\\nanimals. I have known several cases where slaves were\\nleft to starve to death in old age. Generally they sell\\nthem South and let them die there send them, I mean,\\nbefore they get very old.\\nWhat makes them wash slaves in salt and water after\\nthey whip them For two reasons one is to make them\\nsmart, and another to prevent mortification in the lace-\\nrated flesh. I have seen men and women both washed\\nafter they had been cruelly beaten. have done it with\\nmy own hands. It was the hardest work I ever did.\\nThe flesh would crawl and creep and quiver under my\\nhands. This slave s name was Tom. He had not started\\nhis team Sunday morning early enough. The neighbors\\nsaw that Mr. Banton had work done on the Sabbath.\\nDalton, the overseer, attempted to whip him. Tom\\nknocked him down and trod on him, and then ran away.\\nThe patrols caught him, and he Avas whipped three hun-\\ndred lashes. Such a back I never saw such work I\\npray that I may never do again.\\nDo not slaves often say that they love their masters very\\nmuch Say so yes, certainly. And this loving master\\nand mistress is the hardest work that slaves have to do.\\nWhen any stranger is present we have to love them very\\nmuch. When master is sick we are in great trouble.\\n7*", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "78 APPENDIX.\\nEvery night the slaves gather around the house, and send\\nup one or two to see how master does. They creep up to\\nthe bed, and with a very soft voice, inquire, How is\\ndear massa O massa, how we want to hear vour voice\\nout in the field again. Well, this is what they say up in\\nthe sick room. They come down to their anxious com-\\npanions. How is the old nmn Will he die?\\nYes yes he sure to go this time he never whip the\\nslave no more. Are you sure? Will he die O\\nyes surely gone for it now. Then they all look glad,\\nand go to the cabin with a merry heart.\\nTwo slaves were sent out to dig a grave for old master.\\nThey dug it very deep. As I passed by I asked Jess and\\nBob what in the world they dug it so deep for. It was\\ndown six or seven feet. I told them there would be a\\nfuss about it, and they had better fill it up some. Jess\\nsaid it suited him exactly. Bob said he would not fill it\\nup; he wanted to get the old man as near home as possi-\\nble. When we got a stone to put on his grave, we\\nhauled the largest we could find, so as to fasten him down\\nas strong as possible.\\nWho are the patrols? They are men appointed by the\\ncounty courts to look after all slaves without a pass. They\\nhave almost unlimited power over the slaves. They are\\nthe sons of run-down families. The greatest scoundrel is\\nalways captain of the band of patrols they are the\\nofTscouring of all things, the refuse, the fag end, the ears\\nand tails of slavery tiie scales and fins of fish, the tooth\\nand tongues of serpents; they are the very fools cap of\\nbaboons, the echo of parrots, the wallet and satchel of\\npole-cats, the scum of stagnant pools, the exuvial, the worn\\nout skins of slaveholders thev dress in their old clothes", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 79\\nthey are emphatically the servants of servants, and slaves\\nof the devil they are the meanest and lowest and worst\\nof all creation. Like starved wharf rats, they are out\\nnights, creeping into slave cabins, to see if they have an\\nold bone there drive out husbands from their own beds,\\nand then take their places. They get up all sorts of pre-\\ntences, false as their lying tongues can make them, and\\nthen whip the slaves and carry a gory lash to the master\\nfor a piece of bread.\\nThe rascals run me with their dogs six miles, one night,\\nand I was never nearer dead than when I reached home\\nthat night. I only escaped being half torn to pieces by\\nthe dogs, by turning their attention to some calves tha;t\\nwere in the road. The dogs are so trained that they will\\nseize a man as quick as any thing else. The dogs come\\nvery near being as mean as their masters.\\nCyrus often suflered very much from these wretches.\\nHe was hired with a man named Baird. This man was\\nreputed to be very good to his slaves. The patrols, there-\\nfore, had a special spite toward his slaves. They would\\nseek for an opportunity to abuse them. Mr. Baird would\\ngenerally give his slaves a pass to go to the neighbors, once\\nor twice a week if requested. He had been very good to\\nCyrus in this respect, and therefore Cyrus was unwilling\\nto ask too often. Once he went out without his pass.\\nThe patrols found him and some other slaves on another\\nplantation without any passes. The other slaves belonged\\nto a plantation where they were often whipped so they\\ngave them a moderate punishment and sent them home.\\nCyrus, they said, they would take to the woods, and have\\na regular whipping spree. It was a cold winter night, the\\nmoon shining brightly. When they had got into the woods,", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "80 APPENDIX.\\nthey ordered him to take off his outside coat, then his\\njacket then he said he had a new vest on he did not\\nwant that whipped all to {)eices. There were seven men\\nstanding in a ring around him. He looked for an opening\\nand started at full speed. They took after him, but he\\nwas too spry for them. He came to the cabin where I\\nslept, and I lent him a hat and a pair of shoes. He was\\nvery much excited said they were all around him, but\\nthey could nt whip him. He went over to Mr. Baird, and\\nthe patrols had got there before him, and had brought his\\nclothes and told their story. It was now eight or nine\\no clock in the evening. Mr. Baird, when a young man, had\\nlived on the plantation of Mr. Logan, and had been treated\\nvery kindly by mother. He remembered this kindness to\\nher children. When Cyrus came in, Mr, Baird took his\\nclothes and handed them to him and told him, Well, boy,\\nthey came pretty near catching you. Cyrus put on his\\nclothes, went into the room where the patrols were, and\\nsaid, Good evening, gentlemen. Why, I did not think\\nthe patrols would be out to-night, I was thinking of\\ngoing over to Mr. Reed s if I had I should have gone\\nwithout a pass they would have caught me sure enough.\\nMr. Baird, I wish you would be good enough to give me a\\npass, and then I won t be afraid of these fellows. Mr.\\nBaird enjoyed the fun right well, and sat down and wrote\\nhim a pass, and the patrols started and had to find the\\nmoney for their peach brandy some where else.\\nThere were several other times when he had but a hair-\\nbreadth escape for his skin. He was generally a little too\\nshrewd for them. After he liad outwitted them several\\ntimes, they ofl ered a premium to any one who would whip\\nhim.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 81\\nHow do slaves get information of what is doing in the\\nfree States? In diflerent ways. They get something\\nfrom the waiters that come out into the free States and\\nthen return with their masters. Persons from the free\\nStates tell them many things the fiee blacks get some-\\nthing and slaves learn most of all from hearing their\\nmasters talk.\\nDon t slaves that run away return sometimes? Yes.\\nThere vi-as one returned from Canada very sorry he had\\nrun away. His master was delighted with him thought\\nhe had him sure for life, and made much of him. He was\\nsent round to tell how bad Canada was. He had a ser-\\nmon for the public the ear of the masters, and another for\\nthe slaves. How many he enlightened about the best way\\nto get there I don t know. His master at last was so sure\\nof him, that he let him take his wife and children and\\ngo over to Ohio to a camp-meeting, all fitted out in good\\nstyle, with horse and wagon. They never stopped to hear\\nany preaching, till they heard the waves of the lakes Hit\\nup their cheerful voices between them and the oppressor.\\nGeorge then wrote an affectionate note to his master, in-\\nviting him to take tea with him in Canada, beyond the\\nwaters, the barrier of freedom. Whether the old people\\never went up to Canada to see their afTectionate child-\\nren, I have not learned. I have heard of several instances\\nvery much like the above.\\nIf the slaves were set free, would they cut the throats of\\ntheir masters They are far more likely to kill them if\\nthey don t set them free. Nothing but the hope of eman-\\ncipaiion, and the fear they might not succeed, keeps them\\nfrom rising to assert their rights. They are restrained, also,\\nfrom affection for the children of those who so cruelly", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "82 APPENDIX.\\noppress them. If none would suffer but the roasters\\nthemselves, the slaves would make many more efforts for\\nfreedom. And sooner or later, unless the slaves are given\\nfree, they will take freedom at all hazards. There are\\nmultitudes that chafe under the yoke sorely enough.\\nThey could run away themselves, but they would hate to\\nleave their families.\\nDid the slaves in Kentucky hear of the emancipation in\\nthe West Indies They did, in a very short tim.e after it\\ntook place. It was the occasion of great joy. They\\nexpected they would be free next. This event has done\\nmuch to keep up the hopes of the slave to the present\\nhour.\\nWhat do slaves think of the piety of their masters\\nThey have very little confidence in them about any thing.\\nAs a specimen of their feelings on this subject, I will tell\\nan anecdote of a slave.\\nA slave named George, was the property of a man of\\nhigh standing in the church. The old gentleman was\\ntaken sick, and the doctor told him he would die. He\\ncalled George, and told him if he would wait upon him\\nattentively, and do every thing for him possible, he would\\nremember him in his will he would do something hand-\\nsome for him.\\nGeorge was very much excited to know what it might\\nbe hoped it might be in the heart of his master to give\\nhim his freedom. At last the will was made. George\\nwas still more excited. The master noticed it, and asked\\nwhat the matter was. Massa, you promise do some-\\nthing for me in your will. Poor niggar what Massa done\\nfor George? O George, don t be concerned; I have\\ndone a very handsome thing for you, such as any slave", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 83\\nwould be proud to have done for him. This did not\\nsatisfy George. He was still very eager to know what it\\nwas. At length the master saw it necessary to tell George,\\nto keep him quiet and make him attend to his duty.\\nWell, George, I have made provision that when you die,\\nyou shall have a good coffin, and be put into the same\\nvault with nje. Will not that satisfy you, George\\nWell, Massa, one way I am satisfied, and one way I am\\nnot. What, what, said the old master, what is the\\nmatter with that? Why, says George, I like to have\\ngood coffin when I die. Well, don t you like to be in\\nthe same vault with me and other rich masters Why\\nyes, master, one way I like it, and one way I don t.\\nWell, what don t you like Why I afraid, Massa,\\nwhen de debbil come take you body, he make mistake,\\nand get mine.\\nThe slaves uniformly prefer to be buried at the greatest\\npossible distance away from master. They are supersti-\\ntious, and fear that the slave-driver having whipped so\\nmuch when alive, will, somehow, be beating them when\\ndead. I was actually as much afraid of my old master\\nwhen dead as I was when he was alive. I often dreamed\\nof him too, after he was dead, and thought he had actually\\ncome back again to torment me more.\\nDo you think it was right for you to run away and not\\npay any thing for yourself? I would be willing to pay, if\\nI knew who to pay it to. But when I think it over, I\\ncan t find any body that has any better right to me than\\nmyself. I can t pay father and mother, for they are dead.\\nI don t owe Mrs. Banton any thing for bringing me up the\\nway she did. I worked five or six years, and earned more\\nthan one hundred dollars a year for Mr. K. and family,", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "84 APPENDIX.\\nand received about a dozen dollars a year in clothing.\\nWho do J owe, then, in Kentucky If I catch one of the\\nadministrators on here, 1 intend to sue him for wages and\\ninterest for six years hard work. There will be a small\\nbill of damages for abuse old Kentucky is not rich\\nenough to pay me for that.\\nSoon after you came into Ohio, did you let yourself to\\nwork? I did. Was there any difference in your feelings\\nwhile laboring there, and as a slave in Kentucky\\nI made a bargain to work for a man in Ohio. I took a\\njob of digging a cellar. Before I began, the people told me\\nhe was bad pay they would not do it for him. I told\\nthem I had agreed to do it. bo at it I went, worked hard,\\nand got it ofl^ as soon as possible, although I did not expect\\nto get a cent for it and yet I worked more readily and\\nwith a better mind than I ever did in Kentucky. If I\\nworked for nothing then, I knew I had made my own bar-\\ngain, and working with that thought, made it easier than\\nany day s work I ever did for a master in Kentucky. That\\nthought was worth more than any pay I ever got in\\nslavery. However, I was more fortunate than many\\nthought I should be through the exertions of a good\\nfriend I got my pay soon after the work was done.\\nWhy do slaves dread so bad to go to the South to\\nMississippi or Louisiana? Because they know that slaves\\nare driven very hard there, and worked to death in a few\\nyears.\\nAre those who have good masters afraid of being sold\\nSouth They all suffer very much for fear masters cir-\\ncumstances will change, and that he may be compelled to\\nsell them to the soul ukivers, a name given to the\\ndealers by the slaves.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 85\\nWhat is the highest price you ever knew a slave to sell\\nfor? I have known a man sold for ^1,465. He was a\\nwaiter man, very intelHgent, very humble, and a good\\nhouse servant, A good blacksmith, as I was told, was\\nonce sold in Kentucky for ^3,000. I have heard of hand-\\nsome girls being sold in New Orleans for from ^2,000 to\\n^3,000. The common price of females is about from\\n^500 to ,^700, when sold for plantation hands, for house\\nhands, or for breeders.\\nWhy is a black slave-driver worse than a white one\\nHe must be very strict and severe, or else he will be\\nturned out. The master selects the hardest-hearted and\\nmost unprincipled slave upon the plantation. The over-\\nseers are usually a part of the patrols. Which is the\\nworst of the two characters or officers is hard to tell.\\nAre the masters afraid of insurrection They live in\\nconstant and great fear upon this subject. The least un-\\nusual noise at night alarms them greatly. They cry out,\\nWhat is that Are the boys all in\\nWhat is the worst thing you ever saw in Kentucky\\nThe worst thing I ever saw, was a woman stripped all\\nnaked, hung up by her hands, and then whipped till the\\nblood ran down her back. Sometimes this is done by a\\nyoung master or mistress to an aged mother, or even a\\ngrandmother. Nothing the slaves abhor as they do this.\\nWhich is the worst, a master or a mistress? A mistress\\nis far worse. She is for ever and ever tormenting. When\\nthe master whips it is done with but a mistress will\\nblackguard, scold and teaze, and whip the life out of a\\nslave.\\nHow soon do the children begin to exercise their author-\\nity From the very breast of the mother. I have seen a\\n8", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "86 APPENDIX\\nchild, before he could talk a word, have a stick put into\\nhis hand, and he was permitted to whip a slave in order to\\nquiet him. And from the time they are born till they die,\\nthey live by whipping and abusing the slave.\\nDo you suffer from cold in Kentucky Many people\\nthink it so warm there that we are safe on this score.\\nThey are much mistaken. The weather is far too cold\\nfor our thin clothing and in winter, from rain, sleet and\\nsnow, to which we are exposed, we suffer very severely.\\nSuch a thing as a great coat the slave very seldom has.\\nWhat do they raise in Kentucky Corn and hemp,\\ntobacco, oats, some wheat and rye slaves, mules, hogs\\nand horses, for the Southern market.\\nDo the masters drink a great deal They are nearly all\\nhard drinkers many of them drunkards and you must\\nnot exclude mistress from the honor of drinking, as she is\\noften drunk too.\\nAre you not afraid they will send up and catch you,\\nand carry you back to Kentucky They may make the\\nattempt but I made up my mind, when I left slavery,\\nnever to go back there and continue alive. I fancy I\\nshould be a load for one or two of them to carry back,\\nany how. Besides, they well know that they could not\\ntake me out of any State this side of Pennsylvania.\\nThere are very few in New England that would sell them-\\nselves to help a slaveholder; and if tiiey should, they\\nwould have to run their country they would be hooted\\nat as they walked the streets.\\nNow, in conclusion, I just want to say, that all the\\nabuses which I have here related, are necessary, if slavery\\nmust continue to exist. It is impossible to cut off these\\nabuses and keep slavery alive. Now if you do not ap-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "WHAT IS SLAVERY 87\\nprove of these horrid sufferings, I entreat you to lift up\\nyour voice and your hand against the whole system, and,\\nwith one united effort, overturn the abominations of cen-\\nturies, and restore scattered famihes to each other pour\\nlight upon millions of dark minds, and make a thousand,\\nyea, ten times ten thousand abodes of wretchedness and\\nwo, to hail and bless you as angels of mercy sent for their\\ndeliverance.\\nBefore closing this pamphlet, 1 want to put in a few pieces,\\nwhich give such an accurate description of Slavery, that I can\\ntestify to the truth of every word of it. Also, a few pieces of\\npoetry, that have been read to me, and with which I have been\\nparticularly interested,\\nWHAT IS SLAVERY\\nJohn G. Whittier answers,\\nThe slave laws of the South tell us, that it is the con-\\nversion of men into articles of property. The transform-\\nation of sentient mortals into chattels personal.^ The\\nprinciple of a reciprocity of benefits, which, to some extent,\\ncharacterizes all other relations, does not exist in that of\\nmaster and slave. The master holds the plough which\\nturns the soil of his plantation, the horse which draws it,\\nand the slave who guides it, by one and the same tenure.\\nThe profit of the master is the great end of the slave s\\nexistence. For this end he is fed, clothed, and prescribed\\nfor in sickness. He learns nothing, acquires nothing for\\nhimself. He cannot use his own body for his own benefit.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "Wo APPENDIX.\\nHis very personality is destroyed. He is a mere instru-\\nment a means in the hands of another for the accom-\\npHshment of an end in which his own interests are not re-\\ngarded a machine moved, not by his own will, but\\nanother s. In him the lawful distinction between a per-\\nson and a thing is annihilated. He is thrust down from\\nthe place which God and Nature assigned him, from the\\nequal companionship of rational intelligences a man\\nherded with beasts an immortal nature classed with the\\nwares of the merchant\\nThe relations of parent and child, master and apprentice,\\ngovernment and subject, are based upon the principle of\\nbenevolence, reciprocal benefits, and the wants of human\\nsociety relations which sacredly respect the rights and\\nlegacies which God has given to all his rational creatures.\\nBut SLAVERY exists only by annihilating or monopolizing\\nthese rights and legacies. In every other modification of\\nsociety, man s personal ownership remains secure. He may\\nbe oppressed deprived of privileges loaded with bur-\\ndens hemmed about with legal disabilities his liber-\\nties restrained. But, through all, the right to his own body\\nand soul remains inviolate. He retains his inherent, orig-\\ninal possession of himself. Even crime cannot forfeit it\\nfor that law which destroys his personality makes void\\nits own claims upon him as a moral agent, and the power\\nto punish ceases with the accountability of the criminal.\\nHe may suffer and die under the penalties of the law, but\\nhe suffers as a man, he perishes as a man, and not as a\\nthing. To the last moments of his existence the rights\\nof a moral agent are his; they go with him to the grave\\nthey constitute the ground of his accountability at the bar\\nof Infinite Justice rights fixed, eternal, inseparable at-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "WHAT IS SLAVERY? 89\\ntributes of all rational intelligences in time and eternity\\nthe same in essence, and differing in degree only, with those\\nof the highest moral Being of God himself.\\nSlavery alone lays its grasp upon the right of Personal\\nOwnership that foundation right, the removal of which\\nuncreates the man a right which God himself could nut\\ntake away, without absolving the being thus deprived of all\\nmoral accountability and so far as that being is concerned,\\nmaking sin and holiness, crime and virtue, words without\\nsignificance, and the promises and sanctions of Revelation,\\ndreams. Hence, the crowning horror of slavery, that which\\nlifts it above all other iniquities, is not that it usurps the\\nprerogatives of Deity, but that it attempts that which even\\nHe, who has said all souls are mine, cannot do, without\\nbreaking up the foundations of his moral government.\\nSlavery is, in fact, a struggle with the Almighty for domin-\\nion over his rational creatures. It is leagued with the Pow-\\ners of Darkness, in wresting man from his Maker. It is\\nBlasphemy, lifting brazen brow and violent hand to Heaven,\\nattempting a reversal of God s laws. Man claiming the\\nright to uncreate his brother to undo that last and most\\nglorious work, which God himself pronounced good, amidst\\nthe rejoicing of the hosts of Heaven Man arrogating to\\nhimself the right to change, for his own selfish purposes,\\nthe beautiful order of created existences to pluck the\\ncrown of an immortal nature, scarce lower than that of an-\\ngels, from the brow of his brother to erase the God-like\\nimage and superscription stamped upon him by the hand\\nof his Creator, and to write on the despoiled and dese-\\ncrated tablet, A CHATTEL PERSONAL\\nThis, then, is SLAVERY. Nature, with her thousand\\nvoices, cries out against it. Against it. Divine Revelation\\n8*", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "90 APPENDIX.\\nlaunches its thunders. The voice of God condemns it, in\\nthe deep places of the human heart. The woes and wrongs\\nunutterable which attend this dreadful violation of natural\\njustice the stripes the tortures the sunderings of\\nkindred the desolation of human affections the un-\\nchastity and lust the toil uncompensated the abro-\\ngated marriage the legalized heathenism the burial of\\nthe mind are but the mere incidentals of the first grand\\noutrage that seizure of the entire man nerve, sinew,\\nand spirit, which robs him of his body, and God of his\\nsoul. These are but the natural results, and outward de-\\nmonstrations of slavery the crystalizations from the\\nChattel Principle.\\nIt is against this system, in its active operation upon\\nthree millions of our countrymen, that the Liberty party\\nis, for the present, directing all its efforts. With such an\\nobject, well may we be men of one idea. Nor do we\\nneglect other great interests, for all are colored and con-\\ntrolled by slavery, and the removal of this disastrous influ-\\nence would most effectually benefit them.\\nPolitical action is the result and immediate object of\\nmoral suasion on this subject. Action action is the\\nspirit s means of progress, its sole test of rectitude, its only\\nsource of happiness. And should not decided action fol-\\nlow our deep convictions of the wrong of slavery Shall\\nwe denounce the slaveholders of the States, while we re-\\ntain our slavery in the District of Columbia Shall we\\npray that the God of the oppressed will turn the hearts of\\nthe rulers in South Carolina, while we, the rulers of\\nthe District, refuse to open the prisons, and break up the\\nslave-markets on its ten miles square God keep us from\\nsuch hypocrisy Every body, now, professes to be opposed", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "WHAT IS SLAVERY? 91\\nto slavery. The leaders of the two great political parties\\nare grievously concerned, lest the purity of the anti-slavery\\nenterprise will suffer in its connection with politics. In\\nthe midst of grossest pro-slavery action, they are full of\\nanti-s\\\\a.very sentiment. They love the .cause, but, on the\\nwhole, think it too good for this world. They would keep\\nit sublimated, aloft, out of vulgar reach or use altogether,\\nintangible as Magellan s clouds. Every body will join us\\nin denouncing slavery, in the abstract, not a faithless\\npriest nor politician will oppose us abandon action, and\\nforsooth we can have an abolition millenium the wolf\\nshall lie down with the lamb while SLAVERY IN\\nPRACTICE clanks, in derision, its three millions of un-\\nbroken chains. The Clays, the Van Burens, the Ather-\\ntons, are all abolitionists in the abstract. They have no\\nfear of the harmless spectre of an abstract idea. They\\ndread it only when it puts on the flesh and sinews of a\\npractical reality, and lifts its right arm in the strength\\nwhich God giveth to do, as well as theorize.\\nAs honest men, then, we must needs act; let us do so as\\nbecomes men engaged in a great and solemn cause. Not by\\nprocessions and idle parades, and spasmodic enthusiasms,\\nby shallow tricks, and shows, and artifices, can a cause\\nlike ours be carried onward. Leave these to parties con-\\ntending for office, as the spoils of victory. We need\\nno disguises, nor false pretences, nor subterfuges enough\\nfor us to present before our fellow countrymen the holy\\ntruths of freedom, in their unadorned and native beauty.\\nDark as the present may seem, let us remember with hearty\\nconfidence that Truth and Right are destined to triumph.\\nLet us blot out the word discouragement from the anti-\\nslavery vocabulary. Let the enemies of freedom be dis-", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "92 APPENDIX.\\ncouraged let the advocates of oppression despair but let\\nthose who grapple with wrong and falsehood, in the name\\nof God, and in the power of His truth, take courage.\\nSlavery must die. The Lord hath spoken it. The vials\\nof His hot displeasure, like those which chastised the na-\\ntions in the Apocalyptic vision, are smoking, even now,\\nabove its habitations of cruelty. It can no longer be\\nborne with by Heaven. Universal humanity cries out against\\nit. Let us work, then, to hasten its downfall, doing what-\\nsoever our hands find to do, with all our might.\\nTruly your friend,\\nJohn G. Whittier.\\nHear what Cassius M. Clay says of slavery.\\nCassius M. Clay, (nephew of Henry Clay,) has come\\nout in a series of articles in the Lexington (Ky.) Intelli-\\ngencer, denouncing slavery in unqualified terms proving\\nthat it is the worst evil the sun ever shone on and con-\\ncluded one of his articles as follows\\nThough no Athenian trumpeter may hurry through\\nthe assembled and terrified people in bitter anguish, cry-\\ning aloud, Will no one speak for his country yet from\\nmute and unresisting suffering and down-trodden inno-\\ncence there comes up a language, no less powerful, to\\nawaken whatever of sympathy and manly indignation may\\nbe treasured up in the bosoms nurtured on Kentucky\\nsoil, rich in associations every way calculated to foster\\nall that is just, honest, and true, without which, chivalry\\nis a crime, and honor but an empty sound For them,\\nonce more, then, I denounce those who would, by legisla-", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "SLAVERY AND CHRISTIANITY. 93\\ntion or otherwise, fix the bond of perpetual slavery and the\\nslave trade upon my native State. In the name of those\\nwho in all ages have been entitled to the first care and\\nprotection of men, I denounce it. In the name of them\\nwho, in 76, like those who sent back from Thermopylae\\nthe sublime message, Go tell Lacedemon that we died\\nhere in obedience to her laws, illustrated by their blood\\nthe glorious doctrines which they taught, I denounce it.\\nIn the name of Christianity, against whose every lovely\\nand soul-stirring sentiment it for ever wars, I denounce it.\\nIn the name of an advancing civilization, which, for more\\nthan a century, has with steady pace moved on, leaving\\nthe Cimmerian regions of slavery and the slave trade far\\nin the irrevocable and melancholy past, I denounce it. In\\nthe name of the first great law, which at Creation s birth\\nwas impressed upon man, self-defence, unchangeable and\\nimmortal as the image in which he was fashioned and in\\nHis name, whose likeness man was deemed not unworthy\\nto wear, denounce slavery and the slave trade for ever\\nSee how they make their ministers, and what kind of\\nministers they make.\\nSLAVERY AND CHRISTIANITY.\\nSale of human beings for the benefit of Theological\\neducation. The following notice of a public sale is taken\\nfrom the Savannah Republican of March 3d, 1845. After\\ndescribing the plantation which was to be sold, the notice\\nadds\\nAlso, at the same time and place, the following negro", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "94 APPENDIX.\\nslaves, to wit Charles, Peggy, Antonetl, Davy, Septem-\\nber, Maria, Jenney, and Isaac levied on as the property\\nof Henry T. Hall, to satisfy a mortgage Ji. fa. issued out of\\nMc Intosh Superior Court, in favor of the Board of Direc-\\ntors of the Theological Seminary of the synod of South\\nCarolina and Georgia, vs. said Henry T. Hall. Condi-\\ntions, cash. C. O Neal, Deputy Sheriff, M. C.\\nWe do not quote this as anything new or strange, but\\nonly as illustrating a thing of common occurrence. Bos-\\nton Recorder.\\nThis synod, we suppose, is Presbyterian, with which\\nchurches in the free States are in good fellowship relation.\\nTake another case from Zion s Advocate.\\nMinisters, Hounds, and Runaway Negroes.\\nThe Home Missionary of the Alabama Association, writ-\\ning to the Alabama Baptist, on the subject of ministerial\\nsupport, attributes the unwillingness of the people to sup-\\nport their preachers, in part, to the teaching of the anti-\\nmissionary ministers. And he represents one of these\\nriding through the country, with a train of about twenty\\nhounds, and with a brace of pistols, and a Bowie knife\\nprojecting out of his pocket, showing a handle which would\\nmake a bludgeon, as his informant told him, large enough\\nto kill the d 1 and thus fully armed and equipped, he\\nmakes his excursions, hunting runaway negroes\\nThe Missionary of the Alabama Association goes on to\\nsay While it may be right and proper that some one\\nshould keep such dogs, and follow such a vocation, we\\nthink it does not fitly become the ambassadors of Christ.\\nLet the churches, then, awake to the subject of Ministerial\\nsupport.^", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "SLAVERY. 95\\nThat is, so that their ministers may not be obUged to\\nresort to negro hunting for a hving. Are not these\\nSynods and Associations, dear brethren Now we ask\\nparticular consideration to the following, which, if erro-\\nneous, we will thank any one to show to be so.\\nThe highest kind of theft, is that which steals men\\nand Slavery is nothing less than this. The church which\\nsteals them, or holds slaves, which is the same thing, is a\\nthieving church. If that church is in loving fellowship\\nwith others, they together form a Brotherhood of\\nThieves.\\nOf the power of professors of religion over Slavery, Dr.\\nSmith of Virginia thus testifies\\nI told him, (Dr. Bond,) that Southern Methodists con-\\ncurred in making the laws, (perpetuating slavery,) volun-\\ntarily did so, as far as the system itself was concerned, and\\nthat in Virginia, particularly, they could not avail them-\\nselves of the benefit of his apology, because so strong is the\\nnon-slaveholding interest, that at any time when the mem-\\nbership of the church shall unite their votes with the non-\\nslaveholders in western Virginia particularly, they are com-\\npetent to overturn the whole system. But that we did\\nnot do so, because we considered it our solemn. Christian\\nduty to sanction and sustain the system under its present\\nunavoidable circumstances.\\nA Hard Case. Last week a case was brought up be-\\nfore the Orphans Court of this county, which must shock\\nthe sensibilities of every right-minded man. In 1839 a\\nlaw vi as passed to prohibit free blacks from coming into", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "96 APPENDIX.\\nthis State from other States, whether to settle or not,\\nunder the penally of twenty dollars for the first offence.\\nIf the negro be unable to pay the fine, he is to be com-\\nmitted to jail, and sold as a slave for life. The twenty\\ndollars goes to the informer. In case the negro remains\\nfive days in this State after his first conviction, or returns\\ninto it after his departure, he is liable to pay a fine of five\\nhundred dollars, one half to the informer and on his ina-\\nbility to pay to be sold for life. After stating the above,\\nwe feel it necessary to assure our readers, that this is the\\nforty-fifth year of the nineteenth century, and that this\\nlaw exists in America, and not in any of the darkened\\ncountries of Europe\\nLast week, under this law, a negro was brought before\\nthe Orphans Court by a late corporation constable, for\\nhaving come into this State, being a free negro. The\\nstatement of the poor old fellow for he was old and verg-\\ning to the limit of his years, with little of the strength of\\nmanhood left him was, that he was removing his family\\nfrom Virginia into Pennsylvania, having been set free for\\nthat purpose, and that he was now on his way through\\nMaryland, simply passing through the State, with no\\nthought of harm, no knowledge of the ferocious toils of\\nthe law which hung around him. He was sentenced to\\npay the fine, and the informer, having consented to remit\\none half, Mr. Bromett, one of our new Whig magistrates,\\ngenerously and kindly undertook to raise the money by\\ncollection among the citizens of the town, to release the\\nunfortunate old man. He was of course successful in his\\nefforts, and had the exquisite enjoyment of winning bless-\\nings from a sorrowful heart, and sending the poor gray\\nheaded negro on his way rejoicing. Frederick (Md.)\\nKxaminer, April 16.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "SLAVEHOLDER S PARODY. 97\\nSLAVEHOLDER S PARODY.\\nCome, saints and sinners, hear me tell,\\nHow pious priests whip Jack and Nell,\\nAnd women buy, and children sell,\\nAnd preach all sinnei s down to hell.\\nAnd sing of heavenly union.\\nThey ll bleat and ba, dona like goats.\\nGorge down black sheep, and strain at motes,\\nArray their backs m fine black coats,\\nAnd seize their negroes by their throats.\\nAnd choke for heavenly union.\\nThey 11 church you, if you sip a dram.\\nAnd damn you if you steal a lamb.\\nYet, rob old Tony, Doll and Sam,\\nOf human rights, and bread and ham\\nKidnapper ^s heavenly union.\\nThey 11 talk of heaven and Christ s reward,\\nAnd bind his image with a cord.\\nAnd scold and swing the lash abhorred.\\nAnd sell their brother in the Lord,\\nTo liand-cvffcd heavenly union.\\nThey 11 read and sing a sacred song,\\nAnd make a prayer both loud and long.\\nAnd teach the right, and do the wrong.\\nHailing the brother, sister throng.\\nWith words of heavenly union.\\nWe wonder how such saints can sing.\\nOr praise the Lord upon the wing.\\nWho roar and scold, and whip and stinj.\\n9", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "98 APPENDIX.\\nAnd to their slaves and mammon cling.\\nIn guilty conscience s union.\\nThey 11 raise tobacco, corn and rye,\\nAnd drive and thieve, and cheat and lie,\\nAnd lay up treasures in the sky.\\nBy making switch and cow-skin fly,\\nIn hope of heavenly union.\\nThey 11 crack old Tony on the skull,\\nAnd preach and roa.r like Bashan bull,\\nOr braying ass, of mischief full.\\nThen seize old Jacob by the wool,\\nAnd pull for heavenly union.\\nA roaring, ranting, sleek man-thief,\\nWho lived on mutton, veal and beef,\\nAnd never would afford relief.\\nTo needy sable sons of grief.\\nWas hig with heavenly union.\\nLove not the world, the preacher said,\\nAnd winked his eye and shook his head,\\nHe seized on Tom, and Dick, and Ned,\\nCut short their meat, and clothes, and bread,\\nYet still loved heavenly union.\\nAnother preacher, whining spoke\\nOf one whose heart for sinners broke,\\nHe tied old Nanny to an oak.\\nAnd drew the blood at everj^- stroke.\\nAnd prayed for heavenly union.\\nTwo others ope d their iron jaws,\\nAnd waved their children-stealing paws,\\nThere sat their children in gew-gaws,\\nBy stinting negroes backs and maws.\\nThey keep up lieavenly union.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "PARODY. 99\\nAll good from Jack another takes,\\nAnd entertains their flirts and rakes,\\nWho dress as sleek as glossy snakes,\\nAnd cram their mouths with sweetened cakes,\\nAnd this goes down for union.\\nI AM MONARCH OF NOUGHT I SURVEY\\nA PAKODY.\\nI am monarch of nought I survey.\\nMy wrongs there are none to dispute\\nMy master conveys me away,\\nHis whims or caprices to suit.\\nslaveiy, where are the charms\\nThat patriarchs have seen in thy face\\n1 dwell in the midst of alarms.\\nAnd serve in a horrible place.\\nI am out of humanity s reach.\\nAnd must finish my life with a groan\\nNever hear the sweet music of speech\\nThat tells me my body s my own.\\nSociety, friendship and love,\\nDivinely bestowed upon some.\\nAre blessings I never can prove,\\nIf slavery s my portion to come.\\nReligion what treasures untold\\nReside in that heavenly word\\nMore precious than silver or gold,\\nOr all that this earth can afford.", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "loo APPENDIX.\\nBut I am excluded the light\\nThat leads to this heavenly grace\\nThe Bible is closed to my sight,\\nks beauties I never can trace.\\nYe winds, that have made me your sport,\\nConvey to this sorrowful land,\\nSome cordial, endearing report,\\nOf freedom from tyranny s hand.\\nMy friends, do they not often send,\\nA wish or a thought after me\\nO, tell me I yet have a friend,\\nA. friend I am anxious to see.\\nHow fleet is a glance of the mind\\nCompared with the speed of its flight.\\nThe tempest itself lags behind,\\nx\\\\nd the swift-winged arrows of light.\\nWhen I think of Victoria s domain,\\nIn a moment I seem to be thei e.\\nBut the fear of being taken again.\\nSoon hurries me back to despair.\\nThe wood-fowl has gone to her nest,\\nThe beast has lain down in his lair;\\nTo me, there s no season of rest.\\nThough I to my quarter repair.\\nIf mercy, O Lord, is in store.\\nFor those who in slavery pine.\\nGrant mc, when life s troubles arc o er,\\nA place in thy kingdom divine.", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "OUR COUNTRYMEN IN CHAINS. 101\\nOUR COUNTRYMEN IN CHAINS.\\nOur fellow countrymen in chains,\\nSlaves in a land of light and law\\nSlaves crouching on the very plains\\nWhere rolled the storm of Freedom s war\\nA groan from Eutaw s haunted wood\\nA wail where Camden s martyrs fell\\nBy every shrine of patriot blood,\\nFrom Moultrie s wall and Jasper s well.\\nBy storied hill and hallowed grot.\\nBy mossy wood and marshy glen,\\nWhence rang of old the rifle-shot,\\nAnd hurrying shout of Marion s men\\nThe groan of breaking hearts is there\\nThe falling lash the fetter s clank!\\nSlaves SLAVES are breathing in that air,\\nWhich old De Kalb and Sumter drank I\\nWhat, ho our countrymen in chains\\nThe whip on woman s shrinking flesh\\nOur soil yet reddening with the stains\\nCaught from her scourging, warm and fresh\\nWhat mothers from their children riven\\nWhat God s own image bought and sold\\nAmericans to market driven.\\nAnd bartered as the brute, for gold\\nSpeak shall their agony of prayer\\nCome thrilling to our hearts in vain\\nTo us, whose fathers scorned to bear\\nThe paltry menace of a chain\\n9*", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "102 APPENDIX.\\nTo us, whose boast is loud and long\\nOf holy Liberty and Light\\nSay, shall these writhing slaves of wrong.\\nPlead vainly for their plundered Right\\nShall every flap of England s flag\\nProclaim that all around are free.\\nFrom farthest Ind to each blue crag\\nThat beetles o er the Western Sea\\nAnd shall we scoff at Europe s kings,\\nWhen Freedom s fire is dim with us,\\nAnd round our country s altar clings\\nThe damning shade of Slaveiy s curse\\nJust God and shall we calmly rest.\\nThe Christian s scorn the Heathen s mirth\\nContent to live the lingering jest\\nAnd by-word of a mocking Earth\\nShall our own glorious land retain\\nThat curse which Europe scorns to bear\\nShall our own brethren drag the chain\\nWhich not even Russia s menials wear\\nDown let the shrine of Moloch sink,\\nAnd leave no traces where it stood\\nNo longer let its idol drink\\nHis daily cup of human blood\\nBut rear another altar there.\\nTo Truth, and Love, and Mercy given,\\nAnd Freedom s gift, and Freedom s prayer,\\nShall call an answer down from Heaven", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "EXTRACT. 103\\nEXTRACT\\nFROM CAMPBELL S PLEASURES OF HOPE.\\nAnd say, supernal Powers who deeply scan\\nHeaven s dark decrees, unfathomed yet by man.\\nWhen shall the woi ld call down, to cleanse her shame,\\nThat embryo spirit, yet without a name,\\nThat friend of Nature, whose avenging hands\\nShall burst the Lyblan s adamantine bands\\nWho, sternly marking on his native soil\\nThe blood, the tears, the anguish and the toil,\\nShall bid each righteous heart exult, to see\\nPeace to the slave, and vengeance on the free\\nYet, yet, degraded men th expected day\\nThat breaks your bitter cup, is far away\\nTrade, wealth, and fashion, ask you still to bleed,\\nAnd holy men give Scripture for the deed\\nScourged and debased, no Briton stoops to save\\nA wretch, a coward yes, because a slave\\nEternal Nature when thy giant hand\\nHad heaved the floods, and fixed the trembling land,\\nWhep life sprung starting at thy plastic call,\\nEndless her forms, and man the lord of all!\\nSay, was that lordly form inspired by thee,\\nTo wear eternal chains and bow the knee\\nWas man ordained the slave of man to toil.\\nYoked with the brutes, and fettered to the soil\\nWeighed in a tyrant s balance with his gold\\nNo Nature stamped us in a heavenly mould\\nShe bade no wretch his thankless labor urge.\\nNor, trembling, take the pittance and the scourge I", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "104 APPENDIX.\\nNo homeless Lybian, on the stormy deep,\\nTo call upon his country s name, and weep\\nLo once in triumph, on his boundless plain.\\nThe quivered chief of Congo loved to reign\\nWith fires proportioned to his native sky,\\nStrength in his arm, and lightning in his eye.\\nScoured with wild feet his sun-illumined zone,\\nThe spear, the lion, and the woods, his own\\nOr led the combat, bold without a plan,\\nAn artless savage, but a fearless man\\nThe plunderer came alas no glory smiles\\nFor Congo s chief on yonder Indian isles\\nFor ever fall n no son of nature now.\\nWith freedom chartered on his manly brow\\nFaint, bleeding, bound, he weeps the night away,\\nAnd when the sea-wind wafts the dewless day,\\nStarts, with a bursting heart, for evermore\\nTo curse the sun that lights their guilty shore\\nThe shrill horn blew at that alarum knell\\nHis guardian angel took a last farewell\\nThat funeral dirge to darkness hath resigned\\nThe fiery grandeur of a generous mind\\nPoor fettered man I hear thee whispering low\\nUnhallowed vows to Guilt, the child of Wo!\\nFriendless thy heart and canst thou harbor there\\nA wish but death a passion but despair?\\nThe widowed Indian, when her lord expires,\\nMounts the dread pile, and braves the funeral fires\\nSo falls the heart at Thraldom s bitter sigh\\nSo Virtue dies, the spouse of Liberty", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "FROM THE SOUTH. 105\\nFKOMTHE SOUTH -READ! READ!\\nThe following extract is from a long letter written me\\nfrom a lady living in East Florida, who is an extensive\\nslaveholder, her husband owning two hundred or three\\nhundred slaves. The letter is confidential, and of vast\\nimportance more especially to protestants. The original\\nwill be in my possession. At any time, when it may be\\nwanted to prove the authenticity, you can have it.\\nW. H. HoucK.\\nSlavery, I think, is one of the most abominable insti-\\ntutions that the wickedness of man ever invented. I can\\nsee no justice in one mortal appropriating the labor of\\nanother to his sole use and benefit slavery demoralizes\\nthe whites as well as the blacks. But where there is so\\nmuch hard work, there is not so much time for commit-\\nting iniquity among the blacks, as among the whites. It\\ndemoralizes the latter, by fostering the passions, causing\\nlaziness, bad temper, giving an incentive for the love of\\ndictation, and other base things, which would not be very\\nmodest to mention here. I could mention several gentle-\\nmen whom I know, who have black wives, unmarried as\\nwell as married. Children are raised here with the idea\\nthat negroes are put here for the express purpose of con-\\ntributing to the enjoyment and indolence of themselves.\\nThey think it almost a sin to get a horse or a drink of\\nwater, if there is a negro in hearing of the voice. It makes\\nno difference how much fatigued the poor creatures are,\\nthey must start at the beck.\\nSlavery blunts every sympathetic feeling of the human\\nheart. From their infancy children are accustomed to see", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "106 APPENDIX.\\nslaves tied up and cut to pieces. You know that a com-\\nmon whipping is from thirty to forty lashes on the skin, and\\nit is no uncommon thing for them to get two hundred or\\nthree hundred lashes. The blood generally starting after\\nthe first half dozen lashes. Many persons instead of whip-\\nping, beat them unmercifully.\\nThere is now an old woman, (here the name is given.)\\nunder the charge of the marshal at N ,(the name of\\nthe place is given,) who, for whipping a woman, or rather\\ncausing her to be whipped to death, was before the grand\\njury last court. The citizens, however, are not willing to\\nsit as jurors on her case, as she is so aged. They do not.\\nwill not condemn her. Her children are solicitous that\\nshe may be sent to the penitentiary, in order that they\\nmay get the property and had it not been for this, her\\ncause would not, probably, have been noticed. It seems\\nthe old mistress had been or was ill, and the said negress\\nwas employed to brush the flies and keep them off the pa-\\ntient; by some means the negress hit the mistress in the\\nface with the brush. The following was her punish-\\nment She was taken out before the door, her arms ex-\\ntended to two trees, being stretched to their utmost, and\\nnaked. Two negro women commenced whipping her at\\neight o clock in the morning, and with short intervals,\\nwhipped until two in the afternoon. She begged her mis-\\ntress to allow her one drop of water to quench her thirst,\\nand time to pray, as she had been very wicked, and should\\ngo to hell unless she could pray but all to no^ effect. She\\nwas not allowed to call upon God. She was untied at\\ntwo o clock, a dead woman. Her murderer will no doubt\\ngo unpunished. You must have known this woman, I\\nshould have said devil. It was old Mrs. S There", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "NOTE. 107\\nare some other horrible circumstances connected with this\\ncase which I forbear mentioning, for the want of room.\\nAs it regards treating negroes well it cannot be done.\\nThe law establishes a standard for their treatment. In-\\nstance as a part, they get one peck of corn per week, and\\none or two suits of clothing annually at the same time\\nhave to work hard every day, including Sabbaths very\\noften. There is no preaching in Florida for the benefit of\\nthe slaves, unless they attend with their masters, and these\\nare domestics, if any. Then they cannot go inside the\\nchurch But let me forbear I am almost alarmed for\\nwhat I have already written. If I come North this fall, I\\nwill give you my views more fully. Remember, this letter\\nis confidential. Yours, c., G. S.\\nTrue Wesleyan.]\\nNOTE.\\nThe following facts, in confirmation of the story told on page\\nb2, are from Prof. Upham s treatise on Disordered Mental\\nAction.\\nUnder the influence of a morbid sensibility, the mere concep-\\ntions of the mind, if they happen to be particularly vivid, may at\\ntimes impart such an increased activity to the whole or a part of\\nthe retina as to give existence to disordered or illusory sights.\\nDisordered action may exist in connection with more than one\\nsense at the same time. Such seems to have been the fact in\\nthe case of that remarkable visionary, Blake, the English painter.\\nDid you ever see a fairy s funeral, madam he once said to\\na lady who happened to sit by him in company. Never, sir\\nwas the answer. I have, said Blake, but not before last\\nnight. He then proceeded to state as follows I was walk-", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "i08 APPENDIX.\\ning alone in my garden. There was great stillness among the\\nbranches and flowers, and more than common sweetness in the\\nair. I heard a low and pleasant sound, and knew not whence it\\ncame. At last I saw the broad leaf of a flower move, and under-\\nneath I saw a procession of creatures of the size and color of\\nreen and gray grasshoppers, bearing a body laid out on a rose-\\nleaf, which they buried with songs, and then disappeared. It\\nwould seem from this statement, and from other things which\\nare related of him, that this remarkable person was the subject of\\ndisordered auditory as well as visual sensations.\\nThe same principle explains also what is related of Napoleon.\\nPreviously to his Eussian expedition, he was frequently discover-\\ned half reclined on a sofa, where he remained several hours,\\nplunged in profound meditation. Sometimes he started up con-\\nvulsively, and with an ejaculation. Fancying he heard his\\nname, he would exclaim, Who calls me These are the\\nsounds, susceptible of being heard at any time in the desert air,\\nwhich started Robinson Crusoe from his sleep when there was\\nno one in his solitary island but himself,\\nThe airy tongues that syllable men s names,\\nOn shores, in desert sands, and wildernesses.\\nTHE END\\n-^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^.r Pr ri", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3432", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3412", "width": "1978", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3537", "width": "2073", "jp2-path": "narrativeofsuffe00clar_0116.jp2"}}