{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3369", "width": "2074", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Class TS KbOa\\nBook .~b7\\nCopyright N\\n10\\nC0PXRIGRT DEPOSIT.", "height": "3253", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3253", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3253", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "WLvitins* of Eaipl) aSRafto emersion.\\nIn the RIVERSIDE LITERATURE SERIES. Each single num-\\nber, i6mo, paper, 15 cents, net.\\nThe Fortune of the Republic, and Other American Ad-\\ndresses. No. 42.\\nPoems from the Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. No.\\n113. (Nos. i?3 and 42 also in one vol., linen, 40 cents, net.\\nIs the MODERN CLASSICS. School Edition. Each volume, 3 2mo,\\ncloth, 40 cents, net.\\nCulture, Behavior, Beauty Books, Art, Eloquence Power,\\nWealth, Illusions. Vol. 2.\\nNature; Love, Friendship, Domestic Life; Success, Great-\\nness, Immortality. Vol. 3.\\nPOEMS AND ESSAYS. In the Riverside School Library. i6mo,\\nhalf leather, 60 cents, net.\\nESSAYS. First and Second Series. Authorized Popular Edition,\\ncomplete. i2mo, $1.00; paper, 50 cents.\\nREPRESENTATIVE MEN, WITH NATURE, LECTURES, AND\\nADDRESSES. Popular Edition, in one volume. i2mo, $1.00.\\nESSAYS AND POEMS. Little Classic Edition. 3 vols. i8mo, half\\ncalf, in box, $6.75 half levant, $9.00.\\nPOEMS. Household Edition. With Portrait. Crown 8vo, 1 50 full\\ngilt, $2.00 half calf, #3.00 half calf, gilt top, $3.25 levant, or tree\\ncalf, $4.50.\\nPARNASSUS. A collection of Poetry, edited by Mr. Emerson. With\\nIntroductory Essay. Household Edition. Crown 8vo, $1.50 half calf,\\n$3.00 half calf, gilt top, $3.25 levant, or tree calf, #4.50.\\nCOMPLETE WORKS.\\nRiverside Edition. With two Portraits, and papers hitherto unpub-\\nlished. 12 vols, each, i2mo, gilt top, $1.75; the set, 12 vols. $21.00;\\nhalf calf, $36.00; half calf gilt top, $39.00; half polished morocco,\\n$42.00 half levant, $48.00.\\n1. Nature, Addresses, and Lee- 8. Letters and Social Aims.\\ntures (formerly known as Mis- 9. Poems. With Portrait,\\ncellanies). With Portrait. 10. Lectures and Biographical\\n2. Essays. First Series. Sketches.\\n3. Essays. Second Series. 11. Miscellanies.\\n4. Representative Men. 12. Natural History of Intellect,\\n5. English Traits. and Other Papers. With a\\n6. Conduct of Life. General Index to Emerson s\\n7. Society and Solitude. Collected Works.\\nThe Same. With Emerson s Emerson in Concord, Cabot s Ralph\\nWaldo Emerson (2 vols.), Emerson-Carlyle Correspondence (2 vols.).\\nThe set, 17 vols., nmo, half calf, gilt top, $59.25.\\nLittle Classic Edition. 12 vols., in arrangement and contents identical\\nwith the Riverside Edition, except that the twelfth volume does not\\ncontain an Index. Each, i8mo, gilt top, $1.25 the set, $15.00; half\\ncalf, or half morocco, $27.00; half polished morocco, $30.00; tree calf,\\n$39.00.\\nHOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY.\\nBoston, New York, and Chicago.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "lo\\n/T6", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Jx^AaAj!^", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a23;\\nCopyright, 1855,\\nBy PHILLIPS, SAMPSON CO.\\nCopyright, 1867, 1876, and 1878,\\nBy RALPH WALDO EMERSON.\\nCopyright, 1883,\\nBy EDWARD W. EMERSON.\\nCopyright, 1897,\\nBy HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN CO.\\nAll rights reserved.\\nThe Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., IT. S. A.\\nElectrotyped and Printed by H. 0. Houghton and Company.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "POEMS FROM THE WRITINGS OF\\nRALPH WALDO EMERSON\\nWITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES\\nBy GEORGE H. BROWNE", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nPAGE\\nI. PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL PIECES.\\nt Concord Hymn 1\\nFreedom 2\\nSacrifice 2\\nVoluntaries 3\\n./Heroism 5\\nEasy to match what others do 6\\nBoston Hymn 6\\nBoston 10\\nII. NATURE.\\nNature 16\\nThe Snow-Storm 17\\nS The Titmouse 18\\nApril 21\\nMay-Day 22\\nThe Humble-Bee 32\\nMy Garden 35\\nTwo Rivers 38\\nSea-Shore 39\\nWaldeinsamkeit 42\\nThe Apology 44\\nWoodnotes 45\\nThe Song of the Pine-Tree 52\\nThe World-Soul 54\\nmonadnoc from afar 59\\nIII. LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nEach and All 60\\nThe Rhodora 62\\nThe Problem 63\\nThe Romany Girl 67\\nDays 69\\nForerunners 70\\nSursum Corda 72", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "iv CONTENTS.\\nTo J. W .73\\nForbearance 74\\nEtienne de la Boece 75\\nFriendship 77\\nGood-Bye 78\\nCharacter 80\\nTerminus 81\\nBIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.\\nTo the biographies referred to in the notes the following may-\\nbe added on account of the bibliographies appended to them\\nAlex. Ireland s (1882) and Dr. Richard Garnett s (Great Wri-\\nters Series, 1888). The Second Supplement to Poole s Index\\n(1887-1891), Fletcher s Index to General Literature (1893),\\nThe Annual Literary Index (1892-), and The Cleveland Cumu-\\nlative Index to Periodicals (1896-), will furnish later articles.\\nThe best may be found under the names Alcott, Arnold, Bartol,\\nBenton, Burroughs, Chadwick, Chapman, Clarke, Conway, Cranch,\\nEverett, Frothingham, Furness, Hale, Harris, Hawthorne, Hedge,\\nHigginson, Howells, James, Morley, Norton, Sanborn, Stedman,\\nThayer, Underwood, Whipple, and Woodbury.\\nABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE NOTES.\\nCabot, A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1887), J. Elliot\\nCabot.\\nConway, Emerson at Home and Abroad (1882), Moncure D.\\nConway.\\nCooke, Ralph Waldo Emerson, his Life, Writings, and Philo-\\nsophy (1882), George Willis Cooke.\\nE. W. E., Emerson in Concord (1889), Edward Waldo Em-\\nerson.\\nO. W. H., Ralph Waldo Emerson (American Men of Letters,\\n1885), Oliver Wendell Holmes.\\nxii, 115, Emerson s Works, Riverside edition, volume xii, page\\n115. For convenience in identifying the references, the contents\\nof each volume are given on the next two pages. With the dates\\nappended, the list may serve as a concise chronological literary\\nbiography. In Mr. Cabot s Memoir, 710 ft\\\\, may be found a", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "COMPLETE WORKS. v\\nchronological list of all of Emerson s Lectures and Addresses,\\nwith references to volume and page if published in his collected\\nwritings, or with short abstracts if still unpublished.\\nCOMPLETE WORKS, RIVERSIDE EDITION.\\ni. Nature and Addresses (1847), p. 13, Nature (1836) 81,\\nAmerican Scholar (1837) 117, Divinity Address (1838)\\n149, Literary Ethics (1838) 181, Method of Nature (1841)\\n215, Man the Reformer (1841) 245, Lecture on the Times\\n(1841) 277, The Conservative (1841) 309, The Transcenden-\\ntalist (1842) 341, Young American (1844).\\nii. Essays First Series (1841), p. 7, History 45, Self-Reli-\\nance 89, Compensation 123, Spiritual Laws 159, Love 181,\\nFriendship 207, Prudence 231, Heroism 249, Over-Soul\\n279, Circles 301, Intellect 325, Art (1836).\\niii. Essays: Second Series (1844), p. 7, Poet 47, Experience;\\n87, Character 115, Manners 151, Gifts 161, Nature 189,\\nPolitics 213, Nominalist and Realist 237, New England Re-\\nformers.\\niv. Representative Men (1850) p. 7, Uses of Great Men 39,\\nPlato 78, Plato, New Readings 89, Swedenborg 141, Mon-\\ntaigne 179, Shakespeare 211, Napoleon 247, Goethe.\\nv. English Traits (1855).\\nvi. Conduct of Life (1860), p. 7, Fate; 53, Power; 83, Wealth;\\n125, Culture 161, Behavior 191, Worship 231, Considera-\\ntions by the Way 265, Beauty 291, Illusions.\\nvii. Society and Solitude (1870), p. 7, Society and Solitude; 21,\\nCivilization 39, Art 61, Eloquence 99, Domestic Life 131,\\nFarming 149, Works and Days 179, Books 211, Clubs 237,\\nCourage 265, Success 297, Old Age.\\nviii. Letters and Social Aims (1876), p. 7, Poetry and Imagi-\\nnation 77, Social Aims 107, Eloquence 131, Resources 149,\\nThe Comic 167, Quotations and Originality 195, Progress of\\nCulture 223, Persian Poetry 255, Inspiration 283, Great-\\nness 305, Immortality.\\nix. Poems (1847, 1 1867, 1876, 2 1883 3\\nx. Lectures and Biographical Sketches (1883), p. 7, Demonol-\\nogy (1839) 33, Aristocracy (1848) 69, Perpetual Forces\\n(1877) 91, Character (1866) 123, Education 157, The", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "vi COMPLETE WORKS.\\nSuperlative (1882) 175, The Sovereignty of Ethics (1878)\\n207, The Preacher (1867) 229, The Man of Letters (1863)\\n247, The Scholar (1876) 275, Plutarch (1871) 305, Historic\\nNotes of Life and Letters in New England 349, The Chard on\\nStreet Convention (1843) 355, Ezra Ripley 371, Mary Moody\\nEmerson (1869) 405, Samuel Hoar (1856) 419, Thoreau,\\n(1862) 453, Carlyle (1848).\\nxi. Miscellanies (1883), p. 7, The Lord s Supper (1882); 31,\\nHistorical Discourse at Concord (1835) 99, Address, Soldiers\\nMonument, Concord (1867) 129, Address, West India Eman-\\ncipation (1844) 177, War (1838) 203, Fugitive Slave Law\\n(1854) 231, Assault on Sumner (1856) 239, Affairs in Kan-\\nsas (1856) 249, Relief John Brown s Family (1859) 257,\\nJohn Brown, Speech at Salem (1860) 265, Theodore Parker\\n(1860) 275, American Civilization (1862) 291, Emancipation\\nProclamation (1862) 305, Abraham Lincoln (1865) 317, Har-\\nvard Commemoration Speech (1865) 323, Editor s Address,\\nMass. Quarterly Review (1847) 335, Woman (1855) 357,\\nAddress to Kossuth (1852) 363, Robert Burns (1859) 373,\\nWalter Scott (1871) 379, Organization of the Free Religious\\nAssociation (1867) 385, Annual Meeting of the Free Religious\\nAssociation (1869) 393, Fortune of the Republic (1878).\\nxii. Natural History of Intellect, and Other Papers (1893), p. 3,\\nNatural History of Intellect (1870-71) 61, Memory (1870-71);\\n83, Boston (1861) 113, Michael Angelo (1837) 143, Milton\\n(1838) 175, Papers from The Dial (1840-44) 177, Thoughts\\non Modern Literature 201, Walter Savage Landor 212,\\nPrayers 219, Agriculture of Massachusetts 225, Europe and\\nEuropean Books 237, Past and Present 249, A Letter 260,\\nThe Tragic 273, General Index.\\nIn this volume, the papers on Boston, Michael Angelo, and\\nMilton are of special interest to the users of this little book; the\\nlast, written in 1835, may serve to-day as a most admirable auto-\\nbiography of Emerson. Are we not the better, it concludes,\\nare not all men fortified by the remembrance of the bravery,\\nthe purity, the temperance, the toil, the independence, and the\\nangelic devotion of this man, who, taking counsel of himself, en-\\ndeavored, in his writings and in his life, to carry out the life of\\nman to new heights of spiritual grace and dignity, without any\\nabatement of its strength", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nAlthough the whole body of Emerson s verse barely\\nfills one moderate-sized volume, a small twelfth of his\\npublished works, a constantly growing number of readers\\nare learning to value the poems even more highly than the\\nprose. When a friend, soon after the publication of May-\\nDay, expressed to Emerson his pleasure in the book, adding\\nthat, much as he valued the essays, he cared more for the\\npoems, Emerson laughingly answered I beg you always\\nto remain of that opinion. He then went on more seriously\\nto say, that he himself liked his poems best, because it was\\nnot he who wrote them because he could not write them\\nby will he could say, I will write an essay I can breathe\\nat any time, he added, but I can whistle only when the\\nright pucker comes. l\\nThat was thirty years ago. To-day there is an increas-\\ning number, not only of those who value the verse more\\nhighly than the prose, but also of those who value it as the\\nhighest and most truly representative American contribu-\\ntion to literature. Emerson s fellow-poets were the first to\\nrecognize his superiority. Dr. Holmes has acknowledged\\nit in his appreciative biography; Lowell, loyal liegeman,\\nas he signed himself, has testified to the spiritual and intel-\\nlectual passion of Emerson s verse, some of which is as\\nexquisite as any in the language and Whittier, speaking\\none day of modern writers, said I regard Emerson as\\nforemost in the rank of American poets he has written\\nbetter things than any of us. 2 In the fifty years that have\\nnow just elapsed since the publication of Emerson s first\\n1 Emerson in Concord. E. W. E., p. 230. 2 PickariTs Life, ii, 696.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "viii INTRODUCTION.\\nvolume of verse, the general reader, too, has learned, chiefly\\nthrough Emerson himself, to appreciate his poetry. What\\nEmerson said of Wordsworth in a lecture on Books in Bos-\\nton, 1864, may fitly be applied to himself This rugged\\ncountryman walks and sits alone for years, assured of his\\nsanity and his inspiration, sneered at and disparaged, yet\\nno more doubting the fine oracles that visited him than if\\nApollo had visibly descended to him on Helvellyn. Now,\\nso few years after, it is lawful in that obese England 1 to\\naffirm, unresisted, the superiority of his genius. 2 The\\npresent generation of readers cannot fail to see, in the recep-\\ntion which Emerson s first volume met, chiefly mere curi-\\nosities of criticism 8 tradition, however, is strong, and\\nmany young people are prone to believe in advance that,\\nlike Caesar s bridge, Emerson s poetry is hard. When they\\nbegin to read the poems in the arrangement of the author-\\nized editions and find no narrative, no individual charac-\\nters, little metrical variety, and occasional faulty rhyme and\\nhalting rhythm, Why, this is different from any other\\npoetry we ever read, they exclaim we don t understand\\nit, and we don t like it. And when the same old criticism\\nis revived in their own day in a more persuasive form, from\\nmore authoritative sources, 4 inexperienced readers are too\\n1 Or in this great, intelligent, sensual, avaricious America. Em-\\nerson to Carlyle, July 31, 1841 this mendicant, curious, peering,\\nitinerant, imitative America. vii, 172. 2 Cabot, 790.\\n3 As a specimen, the extravagances of Prof. Francis Bowen s aca-\\ndemic ohtuseness will be amusing to the most uncritical of to-day.\\nNorth American Review (1847), 64: 402.\\n4 Matthew Arnold, 1883, and John Morley, 1884 Delicate and\\nadroit artisans, in whose eyes poetry is solely a piece of design, may\\nfind the awkwardness of Emerson s verse a bar to right comprehension\\nof its frequent beauty and universal purpose. I am not sure but one\\nmust be of the poet s own country and breeding to look quite down\\nhis vistas and by-paths for every American has something of Emer-\\nson in him, and the accent of the land was in the poet. Emerson, I\\nfear, would not have felt complimented by this suggestion of Mr.\\nStedman, but I suspect it is not without truth. Prof. J. B. Thayer s", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. ix\\nprone to assume that the difficulty is with Emerson and not\\nwith them, and they give up discouraged. To prevent this\\nuntimely discouragement, and to present Emerson s poetry\\nin such order and with such brief illustration as shall tide\\nthe beginner over any early obstacles, and bring him to his\\nown, is the main object of the following selections.\\nEmerson s prose is the best elucidator of his verse, for\\nmore truly may it be said of the lover of Emerson than\\nEmerson said of the lover of Milton He reads one sense\\nin his prose and in his metrical compositions. Whatever\\nthe obstacles that the form of his verse may present at first,\\nthey will disappear with the reader s growing familiarity\\nwith the poet s leading thoughts. Emerson had no affecta-\\ntion of ruggedness and obscurity whatever ruggedness\\nthere was, was a part of his mind, as inseparable from his\\nthought as his skin from his body. At the worst, its\\nimportance as an obstacle has been greatly exaggerated.\\nMany of Emerson s poems are charged with a patriotism so\\nelectrifying, transfigured by an imagination and diction so\\nsplendid yet simple, and uttered withal in a tone so pro-\\nphetic and so authoritative, that their meaning and their\\nbeauty must possess you and in all of Emerson s verse\\nthere is such challenge to the keenest intellect and profound-\\nest moral sentiment, that often, just because you cannot tell\\nexactly all it means, it haunts your memory with quite as\\nmuch fascination as the music of more melodious verse, to\\nany meaning of which you are indifferent. Emerson s aim\\nwas not merely to delight but to invigorate his reader 2 to\\nsee the naked truth himself, and to find the perfect universal\\nexpression for it, and, by publishing it, to be free of it, in\\norder that he and his reader, too, might find deeper truth.\\nFor all men live by truth, he says, 3 and stand in need\\nof expression. The man is only half himself the other\\nletter, appended to his Western Journey with Mr. Emerson, Boston,\\n18S4, is one of the best things called out by the controversy arising\\nfrom Arnold s famous lecture.\\n1 xii, 172. a Cf. Cabot, 626 v, 243 vi, 183. 3 iii, 11.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "x INTRODUCTION.\\nhalf is his expression. Notwithstanding this necessity to\\nbe published, he adds, adequate expression is rare, and\\nas early as 1838 wrote I am not sufficiently master of the\\nlittle truth I see, to know how to state it in forms so gen-\\neral as shall put every mind in possession of my point of\\nview. l Here is the secret of the difficulty of Emerson 2\\nand because his songs of laws and causes 3 are so heavily\\nladen with thought, and the expression is so general and so\\nimpersonal, it is important that the young reader should,\\nfrom Emerson s prose, learn something of his point of\\nview before he can read aright or measure fairly.\\nWhat Emerson says of his own inadequacy, however,\\nmust not be taken too literally for his ideal was so high\\nthat he had to confess, I look in vain for the poet whom I\\ndescribe. 4 In the preface to Parnassus (1874), his volume\\nof selections of the choicest poems in the language, he says\\nThe great poets are judged by the frame of mind they\\ninduce and to them, of all men, the severest criticism is\\ndue. To no poet did Emerson apply severer criticism\\nthan to himself, for no one ever had a higher conception\\nof the character of the poet and the function of poetry.\\nNo writer has ever given more adequate expression to that\\nconception and if we could explain why that expression is\\nmore adequate in the poems Saadi, Beauty, Merlin, Frag-\\nments on the Poet and the Poetic Gift, than in the prose\\nessays on Nature, the Poet, Art, and Poetry and Imagina-\\ntion, we should have plucked out the heart of his mystery.\\nSince the matter is so important, however, it is well to pre-\\nsent an outline of his theory of poetry and, that the state-\\nment may be as brief and authoritative as possible, it will\\nbe best to let Emerson make it in his own inimitable words. 5\\n1 Conway, 209. Cf xii, 38.\\n2 Cf. Alcott s difficulty with Emerson s conversation, B. W. Emer-\\nson: an Estimate of his Character and Genius (Boston, 1888), p. 40.\\n3 Cabot, 479. 4 iii, 40.\\n5 References to the prose works are given in order that the student\\nand teacher may read the extracts with their proper context. See p. v.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. xi\\nI am born a poet, he writes in 1835 to Miss Jackson\\nduring their engagement, of a low class without doubt,\\nyet a poet. That is my nature and vocation. My singing,\\nbe sure, is very husky, and is for the most part in prose.\\nStill I am a poet in the sense of a perceiver and dear lover\\nof the harmonies that are in the soul and in matter, and\\nspecially of the correspondences between these and those. 1\\nThis is the key-note of Emerson s aim and power, struck\\nthe year before his first publication (Nature, 1836) all\\nother expressions of his ideal are but variations on this note.\\nPoetry, he says, is the perpetual endeavor to express the\\nspirit of the thing, to pass the brute body and search the life\\nand reason which cause it to exist. 2 Possessed by a heroic\\npassion, the poet uses matter as symbols of it. The sen-\\nsual man conforms thoughts to things the poet conforms\\nthings to his thoughts. 3 Things tally with thoughts, because\\nthey are at bottom the same knowledge is the perception\\nof this identity. We first are the things we know, and then\\nwe come to speak and to write them, translate them into\\nthe new sky-language we call thought. And it is the nat-\\nural logic, and not syllogisms, that can help us to understand\\nand to verify our experience. 4 The poet discovers that\\nwhatrfnen value as substances have a higher value as sym-\\nbols, that Nature is the immense shadow of man. 5 The\\nprimary use of fact is low the secondary use, as it is a\\nfigure or illustration of my thought, is the real worth. 6 A\\nhappy symbol is a sort of evidence that your thought is just.\\nIf you agree with me, I may yet be wrong but if the elm-\\ntree thinks the same thing, if running water, if burning\\ncoal, if crystals, if alkalies, in their several fashions, say\\nwhat I say, it must be true. 7 Thus a good symbol is the\\nbest argument, and is a missionary to persuade thousands. 8\\n1 Cabot, 236. 2 viii, 22 ii, 17 viii, 71.\\n3 i, 56. 4 Natural History of Intellect, Cabot, 639 xii, 226.\\n5 viii, 27 iii, 18, 19 xii, 39 iv, 56. 6 viii, 16. 7 Cf. iii, 30 xii, 5.\\n8 viii, 18 read the suggestive entry in his Journal, Cabot, 293 and\\nthe beginning of The Poet, ix, 253.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "xii INTRODUCTION.\\nShakespeare, Homer, Dante, Chaucer saw the splendor of\\nmeaning that plays over the visible world knew that a tree\\nhad .another use than for apples, and corn another than for\\nmeal, and the ball of the earth than for tillage and roads,\\nthat these things bore a second and finer harvest to the\\nmind, being emblems of its thoughts, and conveying in all\\ntheir natural history a certain mute commentary on human\\nlife. 1 The poet must believe in his poetry. 2 Homer, Mil-\\nton, Hafiz, Herbert, Swedenborg, Wordsworth are heartily\\nenamoured of their sweet thoughts. Moreover, they know\\nthat this correspondence of things to thoughts is far deeper\\nthan they can penetrate, defying adequate expression\\nthat it is elemental, 3 or in the core of things. Philosophy\\nwill one day be taught by poets. The poet is the natural\\nattitude he is believing the philosopher, after some strug-\\ngle, having only reasons for believing. 4 Veracity, therefore,\\nis that which we require in poets, that they shall say how\\nit was with them, and not what might be said. And the\\nfault of our popular poetry is that it is not sincere. 5 Much\\nthat we call poetry is but polite verse. A little more or less\\nskill in whistling is of no account. 6 Our poets are men of\\ntalents who sing, not children of music. The argument is\\nsecondary, the finish of the verses is primary [with them].\\nIt is not metres, however, but a metre-making argument,\\nthat makes a poem, the thought and the form are equal\\nin the order of time, but in the order of genesis the thought\\nis prior to the form. The poet has a new thought he has\\na whole new experience to unfold he will tell how it was\\nwith him, and all men will be the richer in his fortune. 7\\n1 iv, 206 it is this spirit that is infused through even the simplest\\nof Emerson s Nature poems. Cf. The Apology, 17-20, p. 45.\\n2 viii, 33 ef. iii, 180 iv, 181 viii, 217.\\n3 viii, 33, the very word that Dr. Holmes uses so aptly to characterize\\nEmerson s poetry, p. 340. Cf. viii, 45 ii, 270, 271 iii, 37.\\n4 xii, 13 i, 59.\\n5 viii, 33 iii, 11 ii, 196 x, 252 v, 242, 243.\\n6 viii, 73 vi, 151. 7 iii, 15 i, 103 Saadi, ix, 116.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. xiii\\nThe reason why we set so high a value on any poetry as\\noften on a line or a phrase as on a poem is that it is a\\nnew work of Nature, as a man is. It must be new as foam\\nand as old as the rock. But a new verse comes once in a\\nthousand years. 1\\nIt is not surprising, therefore, that we often overhear\\nEmerson saying that he looks in vain for the poet he de-\\nscribes. What, then, was the fascination that metrical com-\\nposition had for hint Again let Emerson answer in his\\nown words Music and rhyme are among the earliest\\npleasures of the child, and, in the history of literature,\\npoetry precedes prose. Every one may see, as he rides on\\nthe highway through an uninteresting landscape, how a little\\nwater instantly relieves the monotony no matter what ob-\\njects are near it, a gray rock, a grass-patch, an alder-\\nbush, or a stake, they become beautiful by being reflected.\\nIt is rhyme to the eye, and explains the charm of rhyme to\\nthe ear. 2 I amuse myself often as I walk, he writes in his\\nJournal (1853), with humming the rhythm of the decasyl-\\nlabic quatrain, or of the octosyllabic or other rhythms, and\\nbelieve these metres to be organic, or derived from our hu-\\nman pulse, 3 and to be, therefore, not proper to one nation,\\nbut to mankind. But I find a wonderful charm, heroic,\\nand especially deeply pathetic or plaintive in the cadence,\\nand say to myself, Ah, happy if one could fill the small\\nmeasures with words approaching to the power of these\\nbeats Young people like rhyme, drum-beat, tune, things in\\npairs and alternatives, and in higher degrees we know the\\ninstant power of music to change our mood and give us its\\nown and human passion, seizing these constitutional tunes,\\naims to fill them with appropriate words, or marry music to\\nthe thought, believing that for every thought its proper mel-\\nody or rhyme exists, though the odds are immense against\\nour finding it. 4 Let poetry, then, pass, if it will, into music\\n1 viii, 43, 192 x, 256, 257. 2 viii, 47.\\n3 The normal respiratory measure. O. W. H., 335.\\n4 E. W. E., 231. Cf. 1 i in and Imagination, viii, 49.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "xiv INTRODUCTION.\\nand rhyme. That is the form which itself puts on. We\\ndo not put watches in wooden, but in crystal cases, and\\nrhyme is the transparent frame that allows almost the pure\\narchitecture of thought to become visible to the mental eye.\\nSubstance is much, but so is form much. The poet, like a\\ndelighted boy, brings you heaps of rainbow bubbles, opaline,\\nair-born, spherical as the world, instead of a few drops of\\nsoap and water. 1 Moreover, rhyme, being a kind of music,\\nshares this advantage with music, that it has a privilege of\\nspeaking truth which all Philistia is unable to challenge.\\nMusic is the poor man s Parnassus. With the first note of\\nthe flute or horn, or the first strain of a song, we quit the\\nworld of common sense and launch on the sea of ideas and\\nemotions we pour contempt upon the prose you so mag-\\nnify yet the sturdiest Philistine is silent. The like allow-\\nance is the prescriptive right of poetry. You shall not\\nspeak ideal truth in prose uncontradicted you may in\\nverse. 2\\nIn verse, therefore, Emerson secured an expression more\\nnearly adequate to the idea in his own mind. To lectur-\\ning he could reconcile himself, and even find in it a good\\nside; but it was, after all, an expedient, not the mode of ut-\\nterance to which he aspired. That was verse, not so much,\\nI think, says his biographer and literary executor, from\\na direct impulse toward rhythmical expression as for the\\nsake of freer speech. 8 The poet knows that he speaks\\nadequately, says Emerson, then only when he speaks\\nwildly, or with the flower of his mind. 4 The flower-\\ning of most of the thoughts in the essays occurs in the\\npoems and the method of elucidation adopted in this selec-\\ntion consists chiefly in setting the prose and verse expres-\\nsions of the same idea side by side.\\nEmerson s poetic creation may be divided into three dis-\\n1 viii, 54. 2 viii, 53. 8 Cabot, 479.\\n4 iii, 30 read the rest of this instructive passage.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. xv\\ntinct periods the first, the youthful, academic, imitative\\nperiod, ending with the Phi Beta Kappa poem of 1834 the\\nsecond, the period of revolt, overlapping the first somewhat,\\nand ending with the publication of the first volume of poems\\nin 1847 the third, the period of maturity, reflection, and\\nquietly biding his time. Dr. Edward Waldo Emerson, in the\\nsketch of his father, gives an interesting account of the char-\\nacteristics of each period, and of the influences operative in\\neach. Of the poetry of the first period, there was little\\nthat gave promise of the poetry of the last and little is now\\nread except Good-Bye Proud World, Webster (ix, 312), and\\na few personal poems, written in ill-health, amid the losses\\nand disappointments of his early ministry. But before that\\nperiod was over, Emerson had begun his great poem, The\\nDiscontented Poet he was beginning to feel and know his\\npower. From his first visit to Europe he returned invigo-\\nrated and self-possessed, and declared his intellectual inde-\\npendence in Nature, 1836. The next ten years was the\\nperiod of his greatest productivity, just as the ten years\\nfollowing the publication of Lyrical Ballads were Words-\\nworth s most prolific years. Both were periods of revolt\\nfrom traditions of the past. Both poets suffered from the\\nextravagance with which they first asserted their own inde-\\npendence. Rhyme, wrote Emerson in his Journal,\\nJune 27, 1839, not tinkling rhyme, but grand, Pindaric\\nstrokes as firm as the tread of a horse rhyme that vindi-\\ncates itself as an art, the stroke of the bell of a cathedral\\nrhyme which knocks at prose and dulness with the stroke of\\na cannon-ball rhyme which builds out into chaos and old\\nnight a splendid architecture to bridge the impassable, and\\ncall aloud on all the children of morning that the Creation\\nis recommencing. I wish to write such rhymes as shall not\\nsuggest a restraint, but contrariwise the wildest freedom.\\nGreat is the art.\\nGreat be the manners, of the bard.\\nHi shall not his brain encumber", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "xvi INTRODUCTION.\\nWith the coil of rhythm and number\\nBut, leaving- rule and pale forethought,\\nHe shall aye climb\\nFor his rhyme.\\nPass in, pass in, the angels say,\\nIn to the upper doors,\\nNor count compartments of the floors,\\nBut mount to paradise\\nBy the stairway of surprise.\\nMerlin, ix, 107.\\nThe public was not familiar enough then with Emerson s\\npoint of view to accept this surprising manner of the\\nbard. The reception of the volume of 1847 was a disap-\\npointment to him. But he was wiser than his critics. He\\nbided his time. 1\\nThe verses of the late period (after 1847), his son\\nsays, were long kept by him and in fortunate days, as he\\ncrooned the lines to himself, walking in Walden woods, the\\nright words sjirang into place. Almost all the poems of the\\nlater volume (1867) had been in years greatly changed and\\nmellowed from the song struggling for expression, first\\nwritten in the note-book on his return from the woods,\\nwhere I believe that nearly all his poems had their birth. 2\\nBut this changing and mellowing was not a mere polishing,\\nto add beauty to the original thought it was a renewed\\nsearch after the most vivid thought for, according to Em-\\nerson s theory, a vivid thought brings the power to paint\\nit, and in proportion to the depth of its source is the force\\nof its projection. 8 Ask the fact for the form. For a verse\\nis not a vehicle to carry a sentence as a jewel is carried in\\na case the verse must be alive, and inseparable from its\\ncontents, as the soul of man inspires and directs the body,\\nand we measure the inspiration by the music. In reading\\n1 Note the passage in The Poet beginning Not yet, not yet ix, 256.\\n2 E. W. E., 231, 232. Compare Two Rivers, p. 38, and Sea-Shore,\\np. 39, with their earlier forms given in the Appendix, p. 87.\\n3 x 225.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. xvii\\nprose, I am sensitive as soon as a sentence drags but, in\\npoetry, as soon as one word drags. Ever as the thought\\nmounts, the expression mounts. x\\nWith this passage and the passage from Parnassus in\\nmind, we may safely leave the question of form and sub-\\nstance to Emerson himself. His lectures, when first written\\nand delivered, showed much more obviously coherent struc-\\nture than after he had condensed them unsparingly for pub-\\nlication. But just as fuller appreciation of the thought of\\nhis essays detects a logical connection that even the author\\nhimself could not have pointed out, so readers of Emerson s\\nverse are beginning to suspect that he had the finest touch\\nwhen he chose to apply it. It becomes a question whether\\nhis discords are those of an undeveloped artist or the sud-\\nden craft of one who knows all art and can afford to be on\\neasy terms with it. Not seldom a lyrical phrase is the\\nmore taking for its halt, helped out, like the poet s own\\nspeech, by the half-stammer and pause that were wont to\\nprecede the rarest or weightest word of all. 2 With what\\nsurprising illumination that word fell upon the hearer,\\nLowell has told us. 3 No man, in my judgment, he re-\\npeats, ever had a greater mastery of English. Emerson s\\ninstinct for the best word was infallible. Wherever he\\nfound one, he froze to it, as we say in our admirable vernac-\\nular. I have sometimes found that he had added to his\\ncabinet the one good word in a book he had read. Like\\nMontaigne s, his words are vascular and alive. Cut these\\nwords and they would bleed. 4 In those elements of poetry,\\nthen, more important than rhyme and rhythm prophetic\\ninsight, moral sanity, imaginative felicity and audacity of\\nspeech, transfigured by feeling, the accent of the Great\\nMaker, Emerson stands first among American poets.\\n1 viii, 56 vii, 53.\\n2 Stedman, Poets of America, pp. 135, 159.\\n3 Cf. also Cabot, (ilrl).\\n4 iv, 160 cf. viii, 7. J.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "xviii INTRODUCTION.\\nThe passive master lent his hand\\nTo the vast soul that o er him planned. 1\\nFor poetry, Emerson believed, was all written before\\ntime was and, whenever we are so finely organized that\\nwe can penetrate into that region where the air is music,\\nwe hear those primal warblings and attempt to write them\\ndown, but we lose ever and anon a word or verse and sub-\\nstitute something of our own, and thus miswrite the poem.\\nThe men of more delicate ear write down these cadences\\nmore faithfully, and these transcripts, though imjDerfect, be-\\ncome the songs of nations. 2\\nFew poets ever heard more clearly those primal warblings\\nthan Emerson, and his transcripts are sometimes perfect.\\nIn the following selections, the more simple, concrete, and\\nspontaneous of these transcripts are placed first then the\\nNature poems and, lastly, the poems on Life, beauty,\\nfriendship, self-reliance, character, etc. Since, however,\\nEmerson saw in the panorama of Nature chiefly emblems\\nof his thought,\\nMelting matter into dreams,\\nAnd whatever glows or seems,\\nInto substance, into laws, 3\\nthe distinction between poems on Nature and on Life is not\\nto be insisted upon. With the exception of Freedom, Vol-\\nuntaries, May- Day, and Woodnotes, the poems are printed\\nintact. The Threnody, the most spontaneous, passionate\\nlyrical elegy ever inspired by sorrow, cannot be divided,\\nand, like Monadnoc, is too long for insertion. The little\\npoem on Heroism is attracted forward by its heroic com-\\npanionship with full illustration, however, it may serve as\\na suggestive example, introduced rather early, of Emer-\\nson s unique faculty of oracular condensation into the last\\nfour verses are concentrated the substance of the essays on\\nSelf-Reliance, Heroism, Society and Sulitude, and Character.\\n1 See The Problem, 47, note, p. GG. 2 hi, 13, 28, 29. 3 ix, 271.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "I. PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL PIECES.\\nCONCORD HYMN:\\nSUNG AT THE COMPLETION OF THE BATTLE MONUMENT,\\nAPRIL 19, 1836.\\nBy the rude bridge that arched the flood,\\nTheir flag to April s breeze unfurled,\\nHere once the embattled farmers stood,\\nAnd fired the shot heard round the world.\\nThe foe long since in silence slept 5\\nAlike the conqueror silent sleeps\\nAnd Time the ruined bridge has swept\\nDown the dark stream which seaward creeps.\\nOn this green bank, by this soft stream,\\nWe set to-day a votive stone 10\\nThat memory may their deed redeem,\\nWhen, like our sires, our sons are gone.\\nSpirit, that made those heroes dare\\nTo die, and leave their children free,\\nBid Time and Nature gently spare 15\\nThe shaft we raise to them and thee.\\n3. Does this shaft mark the spot where the farmers stood, or\\nwhere the British fell Read Emerson s brief Address at the\\nHundredth Anniversary of the Concord Fight, April 19, 1875,\\nthe last piece written out with his own hand. {Cooke, 182.)\\nSee Appendix, p. 83. What does the most familiar line in the", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL.\\nFREEDOM.\\nFreedom s secret wilt thou know\\nCounsel not with flesh and blood\\nLoiter not for cloak or food\\nRight thou feelest, rush to do.\\nSACRIFICE.\\nThough love repine, and reason chafe,\\nThere came a voice without reply,\\nT is man s perdition to be safe,\\nWhen for the truth he ought to die.\\npoem really mean Compare with it this sentence from the\\nAddress: The thunderbolt falls on an inch of ground, but the\\nlight of it fills the horizon, a thought to which Emerson had\\npreviously given a poetic expression that now may well be ap-\\nplied to the author of this perfect poem, a model for all of its\\nkind (0. JF. 332):\\nHis instant thought a poet spoke,\\nAnd filled the age his fame\\nAn inch of ground the lightning strook,\\nBut lit the sky with flame. ix, 277.\\n4. Heroism feels and never reasons, and therefore is al-\\nways right. ii, 236. Nature hates calculators; her methods\\nare saltatory and impulsive. iii, 70. Time, say the Indian\\nScriptures, drinketh up the essence of every great and noble\\naction which ought to be performed, and which is delayed in\\nthe execution. American Civilization, Riv. Lit. No. 42, p. 87.\\nxi, 288. See Appendix, p. 83.\\n4. I have a note of a conversation that occurred in our first\\ncompany the morning before the Battle of Bull Run. At a\\nhalt in the march, a few of onr boys were sitting on a rail fence\\ntalking together whether it was right to sacrifice themselves.\\nOne of them said, he had been thinking a good deal about it\\nlast night, and he thought one was never too young to die for a", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "VOLUNTARIES.\\nVOLUNTARIES.\\nIn an age of fops and toys,\\nWanting wisdom, void of right,\\nWho shall nerve heroic boys\\nTo hazard all in Freedom s fight,\\nBreak sharply off their jolly games, 5\\nForsake their comrades gay\\nAnd quit proud homes and youthful dames\\nFor famine, toil and fray\\nYet on the nimble air benign\\nSpeed nimbler messages, 10\\nThat waft the breath of grace divine\\nTo hearts in sloth and ease.\\nSo nigh is grandeur to our dust,\\nSo near is God to man,\\nWhen duty whispers low, Thou must, is\\nThe youth replies, I can.\\nprinciple. Address at the Dedication of the Soldiers Monument\\nin Concord, April 19, 1867 (xi, 108). Read the whole of it. Cf.\\nx, 246. To Emerson, more than to all other causes together, did\\nthe young martyrs of our Civil War owe the sustaining strength\\nof thoughtful heroism that is so touching in every record of their\\nlives. (Lowell.) Cabot, 628. See Appendix, p. 84.\\n13-16. These lines, a moment after they were written, seemed\\nas if they had been carved on marble for a thousand years.\\nO. W. H., 241. Cf. The Preacher, x, 216.\\nIt is easy to recall the mood in which our young men,\\nsnatched from every peaceful pursuit, went to the war. Many\\nof them had never handled a gun. They said, It is not in\\nme to resist. I go because I must. It is a duty which I shall\\nnever forgive myself if I decline. I do not know that I can\\nmake a soldier. I may be very clumsy. Perhaps I shall be\\ntimid but you can rely on me. Only one thing is certain: I\\ncan well die, but I cannot afford to misbehave. xi, 320. Har-\\nvard Commemoration Speech, July 21, 1865.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL.\\nO, well for the fortunate soul\\nWhich Music s wings infold,\\nStealing away the memory\\nOf sorrows new and old 20\\nYet happier he whose inward sight,\\nStayed on his subtile thought,\\nShuts his sense on toys of time,\\nTo vacant bosoms brought.\\nBut best befriended of the God 25\\nHe who, in evil times,\\nWarned by an inward voice,\\nHeeds not the darkness and the dread,\\nBiding by his rule and choice,\\nFeeling only the fiery thread 30\\nLeading over heroic ground,\\nW r ailed with mortal terror round,\\nTo the aim which him allures,\\nAnd the sweet heaven his deed secures.\\nPeril around, all else appalling, 35\\nCannon in front and leaden rain\\nHim duty through the clarion calling\\nTo the van called not in vain.\\nStainless soldier on the walls,\\nKnowing this, and knows no more, 40\\nWhoever fights, whoever falls,\\nJustice conquers evermore,\\nJustice after as before,\\nAnd he who battles on her side,\\nGod, though he were ten times slain, 45\\nCrowns him victor glorified,\\nVictor over death and pain.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HEROISM.\\nHEROISM.\\nRuby wine is drunk by knaves,\\nSugar spends to fatten slaves,\\nRose and vine-leaf deck buffoons\\nThunder-clouds are Jove s festoons,\\nDrooping oft in wreaths of dread, 5\\nLightning-knotted round his head\\nThe hero is not fed on sweets,\\nDaily his own heart he eats\\nChambers of the great are jails,\\nAnd head-winds right for royal sails. 10\\n8. In reading this poem, be careful to bring out the contrasts\\nby proper intonation. Be not too matter-of-fact, like one of\\nMr. Emerson s worthy but literal-minded townswomen, who, on\\nher way home from his lecture on Plato, remarked to a neigh-\\nbor, if those old heathen really did such things as Mr. Emer-\\nson said they did, the less said about them the better. What\\nEmerson had said was: Plato especially has no external bio-\\ngraphy. If he had lover, wife, or children, we hear nothing of\\nthem. He ground them into paint a poetical exaggeration\\nnot unlike that in the text. What is the prose equivalent\\nCf. The Sandwich Islander believes that the strength and\\nvalor of the enemy he kills passes into himself. ii, 114.\\n9. The great man must sit alone. Cf. Saadi, ix, 114 i, 168,\\n169 vi, 150. Columbus discovered no isle or key so lonely\\nas himself. Solitary was he Why, yes but his society was\\nlimited only by the amount of brain Nature appropriated in that\\nage to carry on the government of the world, vii, 13 see xii, 51,\\n52; or, Chambers of the truly great are often jails in the end,\\nas in the case of Socrates, Galileo, Columbus, etc. See vii, 258.\\n10. Nature is upheld by antagonism. Passions, resistance,\\ndanger, are educators. We acquire the strength we have over-\\ncome. Without war, no soldiei s; without enemies, no hero.\\nNot Antoninus but a poor washerwoman said The more\\ntrouble, the more lion; that s my principle. vi, 242. Cf. ii, 114;\\nviii, 219; xii, 55. See Appendix, p. 81.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL.\\nEASY TO MATCH WHAT OTHERS DO.\\nEasy to match what others do,\\nPerform the feat as well as they\\nHard to out-do the brave, the true,\\nAnd find a loftier way.\\nBOSTON HYMN\\nREAD IN MUSIC HALL, JANUARY 1, 1863.\\nThe word of the Lord by night\\nTo the watching Pilgrims came,\\nAs they sat by the seaside,\\nAnd filled their hearts with flame.\\nGod said, I am tired of kings, 5\\nI suffer them no more\\nUp to my ear the morning brings\\nThe outrage of the poor.\\nThink ye I made this ball\\nA field of havoc and war, 10\\nOn the 22d of September, President Lincoln issued his pro-\\nclamation that slavery would be abolished on the 1st of January,\\n1863, in those States which should then be in rebellion against\\nthe United States. The same month, Emerson, at a meeting in\\nBoston, expressed his approval in the Speech on the Emancipation\\nProclamation, Riv. Lit. No. 42, pp. 90, 100, xi, 293 ft., and\\nat the Jubilee Concert, when the Emancipation went into effect,\\nread this poem by way of prologue. It is a rough piece of\\nverse, but noble from beginning to end. 0. W. H., 240. Cf.\\nConway, 47, 314.\\n2. See Appendix, p. 85.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "BOSTON HYMN. 7\\nWhere tyrants great and tyrants small\\nMight harry the weak and poor\\nMy angel, his name is Freedom,\\nChoose him to be your king\\nHe shall cut pathways east and west 15\\nAnd fend you with his wing.\\nLo I uncover the land\\nWhich I hid of old time in the West,\\nAs the sculptor uncovers the statue\\nWhen he has wrought his best 20\\nI show Columbia, of the rocks\\nWhich dip their foot in the seas\\nAnd soar to the air-borne flocks\\nOf clouds and the boreal fleece.\\nI will divide my goods 25\\nCall in the wretch and slave\\nNone shall rule but the humble,\\nAnd none but Toil shall have.\\nI will have never a noble,\\nNo lineage counted great 30\\nFishers and choppers and ploughmen\\nShall constitute a state.\\n28. See 61-64, 69-72. Remember that this was written in\\n1862. Read Emerson s courageous defence of labor at the be-\\nginning of American Civilization, Riv. Lit. No. 42, p. 76, xi, 275,\\ndelivered in January, 1862, in Washington, while yet slavery\\nhad a hold upon the national capital and the Emancipation Pro-\\nclamation was six months off.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "8 PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL.\\nGo, cut down trees in the forest\\nAnd trim the straightest boughs\\nCut down trees in the forest 35\\nAnd build me a wooden house.\\nCall the people together,\\nThe young men and the sires,\\nThe digger in the harvest field,\\nHireling and him that hires 40\\nAnd here in a pine state-house\\nThey shall choose men to rule\\nIn every needful faculty,\\nIn church and state and school.\\nLo, now if these poor men 45\\nCan govern the land and sea\\nAnd make just laws below the sun,\\nAs planets faithful be.\\nAnd ye shall succor men\\nT is nobleness to serve 50\\nHelp them who cannot help again\\nBeware from right to swerve.\\nI break your bonds and masterships,\\nAnd I unchain the slave\\n50. Ich Dien, I serve, is a truly royal motto. American Civ-\\nilization, p. 76, xi, 275. The founders of Massachusetts did not\\ntry to unlock the treasure of the world except by honest keys of\\nlabor and skill. They knew, as God knew, that command of\\nnature comes by obedience to nature that reward comes by\\nfaithful service that the most noble motto was that of the\\nPrince of Wales, I serve, and that he is greatest who\\nserves best. Boston, 1861, xii, 105. See Appendix, p. 85.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "BOSTON HYMN.\\nFree be his heart and hand henceforth i\\nAs wind and wandering wave.\\nI cause from every creature\\nHis proper good to flow\\nAs much as he is and doeth,\\nSo much he shall bestow. e\\nBut, laying hands on another\\nTo coin his labor and sweat,\\nHe goes in pawn to his victim\\nFor eternal years in debt.\\nTo-day unbind the captive, c\\nSo only are ye unbound\\nLift up a people from the dust,\\nTrump of their rescue, sound\\nPay ransom to the owner\\nAnd fill the bag to the brim. 70\\nWho is the owner The slave is owner,\\nAnd ever was. Pay him.\\nO North give him beauty for rags,\\nAnd honor, O South for his shame\\nNevada coin thy golden crags 75\\nWith Freedom s image and name.\\nUp and the dusky race\\nThat sat in darkness Ions\\nBe swift their feet as antelopes,\\nAnd as behemoth strong. 80\\n57-60. See Worship, vi, 210, 211, 216; Spiritual Laics, ii, 143-148.\\n69. See Appendix, p. 85.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "10 PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL.\\nCome, East and West and North,\\nBy races, as snow-flakes,\\nAnd carry my purpose forth,\\nWhich neither halts nor shakes.\\nMy will fulfilled shall be,\\nFor, in daylight or in dark,\\nMy thunderbolt has eyes to see\\nHis way home to the mark.\\nBOSTON.*\\nSICUT PATRIBUS, SIT DEUS NOBIS.\\nThe rocky nook with hill-tops three\\nLooked eastward from the farms,\\nAnd twice each day the flowing sea\\nTook Boston in its arms\\nThe men of yore were stout and poor, 5\\nAnd sailed for bread to every shore.\\nAnd where they went on trade intent\\nThey did what freemen can,\\nTheir dauntless ways did all men praise,\\nThe merchant was a man. 10\\nThe world was made for honest trade,\\nTo plant and eat be none afraid.\\n87, 88. What poetical quality do you conceive these lines to\\nRead in Faneuil Hall, on December 16, 1873, the Centennial\\nAnniversary of the Destruction of the Tea in Boston Harbor.\\nThis poem was begun several years before the war, but was not\\nfinished until the occasion of its delivery, when the piece was\\nentirely remodelled. Some of the suppressed stanzas are given\\nin the Riverside Edition.\\n11. But all trade is not always honest. See Man the Reformer,", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "BOSTON. 11\\nThe waves that rocked them on the deep\\nTo them their secret told\\nSaid the winds that sung the lads to sleep, is\\nLike us be free and bold\\nThe honest waves refused to slaves\\nThe empire of the ocean caves.\\nOld Europe groans with palaces,\\nHas lords enough and more 20\\nWe plant and build by foaming seas\\nA city of the poor\\nFor day by day could Boston Bay\\nTheir honest labor overpay.\\nWe grant no dukedoms to the few, 25\\nWe hold like rights, and shall\\nEqual on Sunday in the pew,\\nOn Monday in the mall,\\n1841, i, 220 ff The ways of trade are grown selfish to the\\nborders of theft, and supple to the borders (if not beyond the\\nborders) of fraud. Cf. iii, 244, and see The World-Soul, 16,\\nnote, p. 54. Yet the greatest meliorator of the world is selfish,\\nhuckstering Trade. Works and Days, vii, 159. Thus a man\\nmay well spend many years of life in trade. It is a constant\\nteaching of the laws of matter and mind. No dollar of property\\ncan be created without some direct communication with nature,\\nand, of course, some acquisition of knowledge and practical force.\\nEducation, x, 128. Cf. Emerson on money, Cabot, 415; iii, 221;\\nvi, 100, 122 vii, 110 ff.; ii, 221; i, 362. See Appendix, p. 86.\\n19. Of old things, all are over old;\\nOf good things, none are good enough\\nWe 11 show that we can help to frame\\nA world of other stuff.\\nMotto to Historic Notes of Life and Letters in New Eng-\\nland, x, 305.\\n25. European critics regret the detachment of the Puritans", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "12 PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL.\\nFor what avail the plough or sail,\\nOr land or life, if freedom fail 30\\nThe noble craftsman we promote,\\nDisown the knave and fool\\nEach honest man shall have his vote,\\nEach child shall have his school.\\nA union then of honest men, 35\\nOr union never more again.\\nThe wild rose and the barberry thorn\\nHung out their summer pride,\\nWhere now on heated pavements worn\\nThe feet of millions stride. 40\\nFair rose the planted hills behind\\nThe good town on the Bay,\\nAnd where the western hills declined\\nThe prairie stretched away.\\nWhat care though rival cities soar 45\\nAlong the stormy coast,\\nPenn s town, New York and Baltimore,\\nIf Boston knew the most\\nThey laughed to know the world so wide\\nThe mountains said, Good-day so\\nWe greet you well, you Saxon men,\\nUp with your towns and stay\\nto this country without aristocracy; which a little reminds me\\nof the pity of the Swiss mountaineer when shown a handsome\\nEnglishman What a pity he has no goitre Boston, xii, 101.\\n49. Cf. That each should in his house abide,\\nTherefore was the world so wide. ix, 298.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "BOSTON. 13\\nThe world was made for honest trade,\\nTo plant and eat be none afraid.\\nFor you, they said, no barriers be, 55\\nFor you no sluggard rest\\nEach street leads downward to the sea,\\nOr landward to the west.\\nO happy town beside the sea,\\nWhose roads lead everywhere to all go\\nThan thine no deeper moat can be,\\nNo stouter fence, no steeper wall\\nBad news from George on the English throne\\nYou are thriving well, said he\\nNow by these presents be it known 65\\nYou shall pay us a tax on tea\\nT is very small, no load at all,\\nHonor enough that we send the call.\\nNot so, said Boston, good my lord,\\nWe pay your governors here 70\\n63. Bad kings and governors help us, if only they are bad\\nenough. viii, 220.\\nWe had many enemies and many friends in England, but\\nour only benefactor was King George the Third. The time had\\narrived for the political severance of America, that it might\\nplay its part in the history of this globe and the way of Divine\\nProvidence to do it was to give an insane king to England. In\\nthe resistance of the colonies, he alone was immovable on the\\nquestion of force. England was so dear to us that the colonies\\ncould only be absolutely united by violence from England, and\\nonly one man could compel resort to violence. He insisted on\\nthe impossible so the army was sent. America was instantly\\nunited and the nation born. Emerson s Address it. (he Unveiling\\n0/ (he Minute Man, April 10, 1875. Cooke, 183.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "14 PATRIOTIC AND OCCASIONAL.\\nAbundant for their bed and board,\\nSix thousand pounds a year.\\n(Your Highness knows our homely word,)\\nMillions for self-government,\\nBut for tribute never a cent. 75\\nThe cargo came and who could blame\\nIf Indians seized the tea,\\nAnd, chest by chest, let down the same\\nInto the laughing sea\\nFor what avail the plough or sail, so\\nOr land or life, if freedom fail\\nThe townsmen braved the English king,\\nFound friendship in the French,\\nAnd honor joined the patriot ring\\nLow on their wooden bench. 85\\nO bounteous seas that never fail\\nO day remembered yet\\nO happy port that spied the sail\\nWhich wafted Lafayette\\nPole-star of light in Europe s night, 90\\nThat never faltered from the right.\\nKings shook with fear, old empires crave\\nThe secret force to find\\nWhich fired the little State to save\\nThe rights of all mankind. 95\\nBut right is might through all the world\\nProvince to province faithful clung,\\nThrough good and ill the war-bolt hurled,\\nTill Freedom cheered and joy-bells rung.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "BOSTON. 15\\nThe sea returning day by day 100\\nRestores the world-wide mart\\nSo let each dweller on the Bay\\nFold Boston in his heart,\\nTill these echoes be choked with snows,\\nOr over the town blue ocean flows. 105\\nLet the blood of her hundred thousands\\nThrob in each manly vein\\nAnd the wits of all her wisest\\nMake sunshine in her brain.\\nFor you can teach the lightning speech, no\\nAnd round the globe your voices reach.\\nAnd each shall care for other,\\nAnd each to each shall bend,\\nTo the poor a noble brother,\\nTo the good an equal friend. 115\\nA blessing through the ages thus\\nShield all thy roofs and towers\\nGod with the fathers, so with us,\\nThou darling town of ours\\n119. Here stands to-day, as of yore, our little city of the\\nrocks here let it stand forever on the man-bearing granite of\\nthe North Let her stand fast by herself She has grown\\ngreat. She is filled with strangers, but she can only prosper by\\nadhering to her faith. Let every child that is born of her, and\\nevery child of her adoption, see to it to keep the name of Boston\\nas clean as the sun and in distant ages her motto shall be the\\nprayer of millions on all the hills that gird the town, As with\\nour Fathers, so God be with us Sicut patribus, sit deus\\nnobis Boston, 18G1, xii, 111. See Appendix, p. 86.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "II. NATURE.\\nNATURE.\\nWinters know\\nEasily to shed the snow,\\nAnd the untaught Spring is wise\\nIn cowslips and anemones.\\nNature, hating art and pains, s\\nBaulks and baffles plotting brains\\nCasualty and Surprise\\nAre the apples of her eyes\\nBut she dearly loves the poor,\\nAnd, by marvel of her own, 10\\nStrikes the loud pretender down.\\nFor Nature listens in the rose\\nAnd hearkens in the berry s bell\\nTo help her friends, to plague her foes,\\nAnd like wise God she judges well. 15\\nYet doth much her love excel\\nTo the souls that never fell,\\nTo swains that live in happiness\\nAnd do well because they please,\\nWho walk in ways that are unfamed, 20\\nAnd feats achieve before they re named.\\n14. Compare The Walk, note to Woodnotes, 35, p. 47.\\n17. To such as approach the high ideal of conduct expressed\\nin the address on The Method of Nature, August 11, 1841, i,\\n183 ff.\\n21. Cf. Success, vii, 276, 277, and Appendix, p. 85, on Heroism,\\niii, 96.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "THE SNOW-STORM. 17\\nTHE SNOW-STORM.\\nAnnounced by all the trumpets of the sky,\\nArrives the snow, and, driving o er the fields,\\nSeems nowhere to alight the whited air\\nHides hills and woods, the river, and the heaven,\\nAnd veils the farm-house at the garden s end. 5\\nThe sled and traveller stopped, the courier s feet\\nDelayed, all friends shut out, the housemates sit\\nAround the radiant fireplace, enclosed\\nIn a tumultuous privacy of storm.\\nCome see the north wind s masonry. 10\\nOut of an unseen quarry evermore\\nFurnished with tile, the fierce artificer\\nCurves his white bastions with projected roof\\nKound every windward stake, or tree, or door.\\nSpeeding, the myriad-handed, his wild work 15\\nSo fanciful, so savage, nought cares he\\nFor number or proportion. Mockingly,\\nOn coop or kennel he hangs Parian wreaths\\nA swan-like form invests the hidden thorn\\nFills up the farmer s lane from wall to wall, 20\\nMaugre the farmer s sighs and at the gate\\nA tapering turret overtops the work.\\nAnd when his hours are numbered, and the world\\nIs all his own, retiring, as he were not,\\nLeaves, when the sun appears, astonished Art 25\\nTo mimic in slow structures, stone by stone,\\n1. What conspicuous change in metre do you observe\\n18. Cf. Parian marble, why so called\\n21. Why not despite, or some other English word See\\nFriendship, ii, 183.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "18 NATURE.\\nBuilt in an age, the mad wind s night-work,\\nThe frolic architecture of the snow.\\nTHE TITMOUSE.\\nYou shall not be overbold\\nWhen you deal with arctic cold,\\nAs late I found my lukewarm blood\\nChilled wading in the snow-choked wood.\\nHow should I fight my foeman fine 5\\nHas million arms to one of mine\\nEast, west, for aid I looked in vain,\\nEast, west, north, south, are his domain.\\nMiles off, three dangerous miles, is home\\nMust borrow his winds who there would come. 10\\nUp and away for life be fleet\\nThe frost-king ties my fumbling feet,\\nSings in my ears, my hands are stones,\\nCurdles the blood to the marble bones,\\nTugs at the heart-strings, numbs the sense, 15\\nAnd hems in life with narrowing fence.\\nWell, in this broad bed lie and sleep,\\nThe punctual stars will vigil keep,\\nEmbalmed by purifying cold\\nThe winds shall sing their dead-march old, 20\\nThe snow is no ignoble shroud,\\nThe moon thy mourner, and the cloud.\\n28. Cf May-Day, 47 ft., p. 24. Select the phrases or epithets\\nthat seem to you to contribute most to the accuracy, picturesque-\\nness, or simplicity of this description.\\n6. What epithet has Emerson just applied to the fierce arti-\\nficer, snow", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "THE TITMOUSE. 19\\nSoftly, but this way fate was pointing,\\nT was coming fast to such anointing,\\nWhen piped a tiny voice hard by, 25\\nGay and polite, a cheerful cry,\\nC/uc-chicadeedee saucy note\\nOut of sound heart and merry throat,\\nAs if it said, Good day, good sir\\nFine afternoon, old passenger 30\\nHappy to meet you in these places,\\nWhere January brings few faces.\\nThis poet, though he live apart,\\nMoved by his hospitable heart,\\nSped, when I passed his sylvan fort, 35\\nTo do the honors of his court,\\nAs fits a feathered lord of land\\nFlew near, with soft wing grazed my hand,\\nHopped on the bough, then, darting low,\\nPrints his small impress on the snow, 40\\nShows feats of his gymnastic play,\\nHead downward, clinging to the spray.\\nHere was this atom in full breath,\\nHurling defiance at vast death\\nThis scrap of valor just for play 45\\nFronts the north-wind in waistcoat gray,\\nAs if to shame my weak behavior\\nI greeted loud my little savior,\\n23. Meaning of but of anointing, 24\\n25. Tiny voice. Compare the phrase, the thin note of the\\ncompanionable titmouse in the wintry day, Literary Ethics,\\nJuly 24, 1838 (i, 163), which, in the Journal of that year, was\\n11 the thin note of the titmouse and his bold ignoring of the by-\\nstander. E. W. E., GO. A comparison of these two passages\\nwill be instructive as to Emerson s method of using material in\\nhis note-books for prose essays.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "20 NATURE.\\nYou pet what dost here and what for\\nIn these woods, thy small Labrador, 50\\nAt this pinch, wee San Salvador\\nWhat fire burns in that little chest\\nSo frolic, stout and self-possest\\nHenceforth I wear no stripe but thine\\nAshes and jet all hues outshine. 55\\nWhy are not diamonds black and gray,\\nTo ape thy dare-devil array\\nAnd I affirm, the spacious North\\nExists to draw thy virtue forth.\\nI think no virtue goes with size 60\\nThe reason of all cowardice\\nIs, that men are overgrown,\\nAnd, to be valiant, must come down\\nTo the titmouse dimension.\\nT is good-will makes intelligence, 65\\nAnd I began to catch the sense\\nOf my bird s song Live out of doors\\nIn the great woods, on prairie floors.\\nI dine in the sun when he sinks in the sea,\\nI too have a hole in a hollow tree 70\\nAnd I like less when Summer beats\\nWith stifling beams on these retreats,\\nThan noontide twilights which snow makes\\nWith tempest of the blinding flakes.\\nFor well the soul, if stout within, 75\\nCan arm impregnably the skin\\nAnd polar frost my frame defied,\\nMade of the air that blows outside.\\n50, 51. Why are these names selected Cf. line 48.\\n64. What common Elizabethan pronunciation is here required\\nby the metre", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "APRIL. 21\\nWith glad remembrance of my debt,\\nI homeward turn farewell, my pet so\\nWhen here again thy pilgrim comes,\\nHe shall bring store of seeds and crumbs.\\nDoubt not, so long as earth has bread,\\nThou first and foremost shalt be fed\\nThe Providence that is most large 85\\nTakes hearts like thine in special charge,\\nHelps who for their own need are strong,\\nAnd the sky dotes on cheerful song.\\nAPRIL.\\nThe April winds are magical\\nAnd thrill our tuneful frames\\nThe garden walks are passional\\nTo bachelors and dames.\\nThe hedge is gemmed with diamonds, 5\\nThe air with Cupids full,\\nThe cobweb clues of Rosamond\\nGuide lovers to the pool.\\nEach dimple in the water,\\nEach leaf that shades the rock 10\\n87. What common Latin construction do yon observe What\\ndid the titmouse really do for the poet Is there a member of\\nyour class who could not have told Matthew Arnold\\n7. Rosamond, the fayre daughter of Walter, Lord Clifford\\n(poisoned by Queen Elian or, as some thought), dyed at Woo-\\nstocke [a. d. 1177] where King Henry had made for her a house\\nof wonderfull working so that no man or woman might come\\nto her, but he that was instructed by the king. It was com-\\nmonly said that lastly the queene came to her by a clue of\\nthridde or silk, and so dealt with her, that she lived not long\\nafter. Cf. the ballad of Fair Rosamond in Percy s Reliques.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "22 NATURE.\\nCan cozen, pique and flatter,\\nCan parley and provoke.\\nGoodfellow, Puck and goblins,\\nKnow more than any book.\\nDown with your doleful problems, u\\nAnd court the sunny brook.\\nThe south-winds are quick-witted,\\nThe schools are sad and slow,\\nThe masters quite omitted\\nThe lore we care to know. 20\\nMAY-DAY.*\\nDaughter of Heaven and Earth, coy Spring,\\nWith sudden passion languishing,\\nTeaching barren moors to smile,\\nPainting pictures mile on mile,\\nHolds a cup with cowslip-wreaths, 5\\nWhence a smokeless incense breathes.\\nThe air is full of whistlings bland\\nWhat was that I heard\\nOut of the hazy land\\nHarp of the wind, or song of bird, 10\\n17. Cf. Wordsworth s The Tables Turned:\\nOne impulse from a vernal wood\\nMay teach you more of man,\\nOf moral evil and of good,\\nThan all the sages can.\\nThis poem gives the title to Emerson s second volume of\\npoems, May-Day and Other Pieces, published in 1867.\\n10. Echo, the booming of the ice on the pond or river, the\\nwind in the pines, and the iEolian harp in his west window, were\\nthe sounds he best loved. E. W. E., 172. Cf. his poem on\\nThe Harp, ix, 203, and the Maiden Speech of the JEolian Harp,", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "MAY-DAY. 23\\nOr vagrant booming of the air,\\nVoice of a meteor lost in day\\nSuch tidings of the starry sphere\\nCan this elastic air convey.\\nOr haply t was the cannonade 15\\nOf the pent and darkened lake,\\nCooled by the pendent mountain s shade,\\nWhose deeps, till beams of noonday break,\\nAfflicted moan, and latest hold\\nEven into May the iceberg cold. 20\\nWas it a squirrel s pettish bark,\\nOr clarionet of jay or hark\\nWhere yon wedged line the Nestor leads,\\nSteering north with raucous cry\\nThrough tracts and provinces of sky, 25\\nEvery night alighting down\\nIn new landscapes of romance,\\nWhere darkling feed the clamorous clans\\nBy lonely lakes to men unknown.\\nCome the tumult whence it will, 30\\nVoice of sport, or rush of wings,\\nIt is a sound, it is a token\\nix, 220 also Inspiration, viii, 272 find similar allusions in\\nother works of Emerson.\\n11. Cf. Wordsworth s\\nO Cuckoo shall I call thee Bird,\\nOr but a wandering Voice\\nRiv. Lit. No. 70, p. 33.\\n13. What was the music of the spheres so often alluded to\\nby Shakspere and Milton Cf. Pericles, V, i, 231; Merchant of\\nVenice, V, i, GO-Go, and often. Collect other references. See\\nMy Garden, 45, note, p. 37.\\n28. darkling, not a participle, nor an adjective as in Keats s\\nEve of St. Agnes, xl Down the wide stairs a darkling way they\\nfound. What is it Compare the history of the word grovel-\\nling. What do you observe in the rhythm of this verse", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "24 NATURE.\\nThat the marble sleej) is broken.\\nAnd a change has passed on things.\\nWhen late I walked, in earlier days, 35\\nAll was stiff and stark\\nKnee-deep snows choked all the ways,\\nIn the sky no spark\\nFirm-braced I sought my ancient woods,\\nStruggling through the drifted roads 40\\nThe whited desert knew me not,\\nSnow-ridges masked each darling spot\\nThe summer dells, by genius haunted,\\nOne arctic moon had disenchanted.\\nAll the sweet secrets therein hid 45\\nBy Fancy, ghastly spells undid.\\nEldest mason, Frost, had piled\\nSwift cathedrals in the wild\\nThe piny hosts were sheeted ghosts\\nIn the star-lit minster aisled. 50\\nI found no joy the icy wind\\nMight rule the forest to his mind.\\nWho would freeze on frozen lakes\\nBack to books and sheltered home,\\nAnd wood-fire flickering on the walls, 55\\nTo hear, when, mid our talk and games,\\nWithout the baffled north-wind calls.\\nBut soft a sultry morning breaks\\nThe ground-pines wash their rusty green,\\nThe maple-tops their crimson tint, 60\\nOn the soft path each track is seen,\\nThe girl s foot leaves its neater print.\\nThe pebble loosened from the frost\\nAsks of the urchin to be tost.\\nIn flint and marble beats a heart, 65\\nThe kind Earth takes her children s part,", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "MAY-DAY. 25\\nThe green lane is the school-boy s friend,\\nLow leaves his quarrel apprehend,\\nThe fresh ground loves his top and ball,\\nThe air rings jocund to his call, 70\\nThe brimming brook invites a leap,\\nHe dives the hollow, climbs the steep.\\nThe caged linnet in the spring\\nHearkens for the choral glee,\\nWhen his fellows on the wing 75\\nMigrate from the Southern Sea\\nWhen trellised grapes their flowers unmask,\\nAnd the new-born tendrils twine,\\nThe old wine darkling in the cask\\nFeels the bloom on the living vine, 80\\nAnd bursts the hoops at hint of spring\\nAnd so, perchance, in Adam s race,\\nOf Eden s bower some dream-like trace\\n68. Just so when the Arab lover sung his sweet regrets and\\ntold his amulets\\nThe summer bird\\nHis sorrow heard,\\nAnd, when he heaved a sigh profound,\\nThe sympathetic swallow swept the ground.\\nHermione, ix, 89.\\nJust so the poet in The Miracle, ix, 306, gave the theme to\\nthe woodland singer\\nThat wood-bird sang my last night s dream,\\nA brown wren was the Daniel\\nThat pierced my trance its drift to tell,\\nKnew my quarrel, how and why,\\nPublished it to lake and sky,\\nTold every word and syllable\\nIn his flippant chirping babble,\\nAll my wrath and all my shames,\\nNay, God is witness, gave the names.\\nCompare The Apology, stanza 4, p. 41; Hamatreya, 6-10, ix, 35.\\n81. A quaint German idea that Emerson learned upon a visit\\nto Longworth s Catawba wine vaults at Cincinnati. Conway, 366.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "26 NATURE.\\nSurvived the Flight and swam the Flood,\\nAnd wakes the wish in youngest blood 85\\nTo tread the forfeit Paradise,\\nAnd feed once more the exile s eyes\\nAnd ever when the happy child\\nIn May beholds the blooming wild,\\nAnd hears in heaven the bluebird sing, 9c\\nOnward, he cries, your baskets bring,\\nIn the next field is air more mild,\\nAnd o er yon hazy crest is Eden s balmier spring.\\nWhy chidest thou the tardy Spring\\nThe hardy bunting does not chide 155\\nThe blackbirds make the maples ring\\nWith social cheer and jubilee\\nThe redwing flutes his o-ka-lee,\\nThe robins know the melting snow\\nThe sparrow meek, prophetic-eyed, 160\\nHer nest beside the snow-drift weaves,\\nSecure the osier yet will hide\\nHer callow brood in mantling leaves,\\nAnd thou, by science all undone,\\nWhy only must thy reason fail 165\\nTo see the southing of the sun\\nThe world rolls round, mistrust it not,\\nBefalls again what once befell\\nAll things return, both sphere and mote,\\n88-93. What difference from the rest of the poem do you\\nobserve in these verses Cf Matthew Arnold s Discourses in\\nAmerica, p. 156.\\n160. Why is the sparrow called prophetic-eyed What\\nother names does Emerson give the redwing in this volume\\n166. It is remarkable how the warm quality of southing satis-\\nfies the reader, and makes him forget that it should be northing.\\n(E. W. E.) Cf. Funning, vii, 134, 135.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "MAY-DAY. 27\\nAnd I shall hear my bluebird s note, ito\\nAnd dream the dream of Auburn dell.\\nApril cold with dropping rain\\nWillows and lilacs brings again,\\nThe whistle of returning birds,\\nAnd trumpet-lowing of the herds. 175\\nThe scarlet maple-keys betray\\nWhat potent blood hath modest May,\\nWhat fiery force the earth renews,\\nThe wealth of forms, the flush of hues\\nWhat joy in rosy waves outpoured iso\\nFlows from the heart of Love, the Lord.\\nHither rolls the storm of heat\\nI feel its finer billows beat\\nLike a sea which me infolds\\nHeat with viewless fingers moulds, 185\\nSwells, and mellows, and matures,\\nPaints, and flavors, and allures,\\nBird and brier inly warms,\\nStill enriches and transforms,\\nGives the reed and lily length, 190\\nAdds to oak and oxen strength,\\nTransforming what it doth infold,\\nLife out of death, new out of old,\\nPainting fawns and leopards fells,\\nSeethes the gulf-encrimsoning shells, 195\\n171. Is this an allusion to one of Goldsmith s poems Dur-\\ning Emerson s early student years in Cambridge, much youth-\\nful dreaming was probably indulged in on the sunny slopes of\\nAuburn, overlooking the Charles. The region has been made\\nfamiliar by Longfellow and Lowell, and since 1832 has been\\ngradually gathered into what is now Mount Auburn Cemetery.\\n195. Slowly warms the gulf, so that the shells take on a", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "28 NATURE.\\nFires gardens with a joyful blaze\\nOf tulips, in the morning s rays.\\nThe dead log, touched, bursts into leaf,\\nThe wheat-blade whispers of the sheaf.\\nWhat god is this imperial Heat, 200\\nEarth s prime secret, sculpture s seat\\nDoth it bear hidden in its heart\\nWater-line patterns of all art\\nIs it Daedalus is it Love\\nOr walks in mask almighty Jove, 205\\nAnd drops from Power s redundant horn\\nAll seeds of beauty to be born\\nI saw the bud-crowned Spring go forth, 21)5\\nStepping daily onward north\\nTo greet staid ancient cavaliers\\nFiling single in stately train.\\nruddier color. It is noticeable that shells from tropical countries\\nare highly colored. Contrast Song of Nature, 35\\nTime and Thought were my surveyors\\nThey laid their courses well\\nThey boiled the sea, and piled the layers\\nOf granite, marl, and shell. ix, 210.\\n201. Sculpture s seat, does the rhyme aid or impede the\\nchoice of the right word here\\n203. Like the water-mark in paper, hidden, as the undulating\\nshimmer of hot air is to all but careful observers, who notice\\nthem against contrasting light. (E. W. E.)\\n204. Cf. Sea-Shore, 30, p. 40. Dcedalus is distinctively the\\npower of finest human as opposed to Divine workmanship or\\ncraftsmanship. Whatever good there is, and whatever evil, in\\nthe labor of the hands separated from that of the soul, is exem-\\nplified by his history and performance. In the deepest sense,\\nhe was, to the Greeks, Jack of all trades, yet Master of none\\nthe real master of every trade being always a God. Ruskin,\\nFors Clavigera, Letter XXIII. For a list of his inventions and\\nworks, see Aratra PentelicL 206.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "MAY-DAY. 29\\nAnd who, and who are the travellers\\nThey were Night and Day, and Day and Night, 300\\nPilgrims wight with step forthright.\\nI saw the Days deformed and low,\\nShort and bent by cold and snow\\nThe merry Spring threw wreaths on them,\\nFlower-wreaths gay with bud and bell 305\\nMany a flower and many a gem,\\nThey were refreshed by the smell,\\nThey shook the snow from hats and shoon,\\nThey put their April raiment on\\nAnd those eternal forms, 310\\nUnhurt by a thousand storms,\\nShot up to the height of the sky again,\\nAnd danced as merrily as young men.\\nI saw them mask their awful glance\\nSidewise meek in gossamer lids 310\\nAnd to speak my thought if none forbids,\\nIt was as if the eternal gods,\\nTired of their starry periods,\\nHid their majesty in cloth\\nWoven of tulips and painted moth. 320\\n301. wight, J vie-, conquer therefore brave, triumpJiing.\\n302. This figure of the masking gods was a favorite one with\\nEmerson. Cf. Days, p. 69 vii, 168 xii, 39; and often. Find\\nothers places where it occurs.\\n315. gossamer. Look up the history of this word. What\\nseem to you the chief poetical qualities of this passage (295-\\n327)\\nThese poems of Emerson s find the readers that must listen\\nto them and delight in them, as the Ancient Mariner fastened\\nupon the man who must hear him. If any doubter wishes to test\\nhis fitness for reading them, let him read the paragraph of May-\\nDay beginning,\\n1 saw the bud-crowned Spring go forth. O. W- II., 333.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "30 NATURE.\\nOn carpets green the maskers march\\nBelow May s well-appointed arch,\\nEach star, each god, each grace amain,\\nEvery joy and virtue speed,\\nMarching duly in her train, 325\\nAnd fainting Nature at her need\\nIs made whole again.\\nAh well I mind the calendar,\\nFaithful through a thousand years,\\nOf the painted race of flowers,\\nExact to days, exact to hours, 365\\nCounted on the spacious dial\\nYon broidered zodiac girds.\\nI know the trusty almanac\\nOf the punctual coming-back,\\nOn their due days, of the birds. 370\\nI marked them yestermorn,\\nA flock of finches darting\\nBeneath the crystal arch,\\nPiping, as they flew, a march,\\nBelike the one they used in parting 375\\nLast year from yon oak or larch\\nDusky sparrows in a crowd,\\nDiving, darting northward free,\\nSuddenly betook them all,\\nEvery one to his hole in the wall, 3so\\nOr to his niche in the apple-tree.\\nI greet with joy the choral trains\\nFresh from palms and Cuba s canes.\\n365. He thought that, if waked up from a trance in this\\nswamp, he could tell by the plants what time of year it was\\nwithin two days. Thoreau, x, 438. Cf. notes to Woodnotes,\\npp. 46-48, Appendix, pp. 88, 89.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "MA Y-DA Y. 31\\nBest gems of Nature s cabinet,\\nWith dews of tropic morning wet, 355\\nBeloved of children, bards and Spring,\\nO birds, your perfect virtues bring,\\nYour song, your forms, your rhythmic flight,\\nYour manners for the heart s delight,\\nNestle in hedge, or barn, or roof, sgo\\nHere weave your chamber weather-proof,\\nForgive our harms, and condescend\\nTo man, as to a lubber friend,\\nAnd, generous, teach his awkward race\\nCourage and probity and grace 395\\n38G. Compare an earlier version, Riverside Edition, ix, 283:\\nDarlings of children and of bard,\\nPerfect kinds by vice unmarred,\\nAll of worth and beauty set\\nGems in Nature s cabinet\\nThese the fables she esteems\\nReality most like to dreams.\\nWelcome back, you little nations,\\nFar-travelled in the south plantations\\nBring your music and rhyUimic flight,\\nYour colors for our eyes delight\\nFreely nestle in our roof,\\nWeave your chamber weatherproof\\nAnd your enchanting manners bring\\nAnd your autumnal gathering.\\nExchange in conclave general\\nGreetings kind to each and all,\\nConscious each of duty done\\nAnd unstained as the sun.\\nAlthough our modern ornithologists cannot quite teach us\\nwhat the social birds say when they sit in the autumn council,\\ntalking together in the trees (vi, 267), the sympathetic writings\\nof Henry Minot, Olive Thome Miller, Frank Bolles, Bradford\\nTorrey, John Burroughs, and many others, have, in recent years,\\nadded new pleasure to the return of the birds, their science\\nhas the human side for which Emerson pleaded in the Essay on\\nBeauty.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "32 NA TURE.\\nTHE HUMBLE-BEE.*\\nBurly, dozing humble-bee,\\nWhere thou art is clime for me,\\nLet them sail for Porto Rique,\\nFar-off heats through seas to seek\\nI will follow thee alone, 5\\nThou animated torrid-zone\\nZigzag steerer, desert cheerer,\\nLet me chase thy waving lines\\nKeep me nearer, me thy hearer,\\nSinging over shrubs and vines. 10\\nInsect lover of the sun,\\nJoy of thy dominion\\nSailor of the atmosphere\\nSwimmer through the waves of air\\nVoyager of light and noon 15\\nEpicurean of June\\nWait, I prithee, till I come\\nWithin earshot of thy hum,\\nAll without is martyrdom.\\nFirst published by James Freeman Clarke in his Western\\nMessenger, 1838, from the autograph copy, which begins, Fine\\nhumble-bee Fine humble-bee On Emerson s characteristic\\nuse of the word fine, see 0. W. H., 405. Yet the present\\nversion is a vast improvement. Why\\n16. Prolong the third syllable almost into two, thus Epiciire\\ne-an. Emerson s classic training, which would never allow him\\nto lapse into the vulgar pronunciation Lyceum, Museum, etc.,\\nwould have made him shrink from Epicurean. He often read\\nmelody into a rugged verse. (E. W. E.) What is the philo-\\nsophy of what Emerson calls the indulgent Epicurean Cf.\\nLet the Stoics say what they please, we do not eat for the\\ngood of living, but because the meat is savory and the appetite\\nis keen. iii. 179.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE HUMBLE-BEE. 33\\nWhen the south wind, in May days, 20\\nWith a net of shining haze\\nSilvers the horizon wall,\\nAnd with softness touching all,\\nTints the human countenance\\nWith a color of romance, 25\\nAnd infusing subtle heats,\\nTurns the sod to violets,\\nThou, in sunny solitudes,\\nRover of the underwoods,\\nThe green silence dost displace 30\\nWith thy mellow, breezy bass.\\nHot midsummer s petted crone,\\nSweet to me thy drowsy tone\\nTells of countless sunny hours,\\nLong days, and solid banks of flowers; 35\\nOf gulfs of sweetness without bound\\nIn Indian wildernesses found\\nOf Syrian peace, immortal leisure,\\nFirmest cheer, and bird-like pleasure.\\nAught unsavory or unclean 40\\nHath my insect never seen\\nBut violets and bilberry bells,\\nMaple-sap and daffodels,\\n40, 41, 52-57. One of the happiest and simplest presenta-\\ntions of Emerson s philosophy and life. (E. W. E.) In rightly\\ninterpreting the philosophy of this tawny hummer, you must\\nremember that Emerson, although he always taught that ever}*-\\nwrong is punished and that no moral evil can prosper, looked\\nupon evil chiefly as good in the making. The first lesson of\\nhistory is the good of evil. Good is a good doctor, but Bad is\\nsometimes a better. vi, 241 E. W. E., 244; see Boston, 63, p. 13.\\nBut u good is positive. Evil is merely privative, not absolute", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "34 NATURE.\\nGrass with green flag half-mast high,\\nSuccory to match the sky, 45\\nColumbine with horn of honey,\\nScented fern and agrimony,\\nClover, catchfly, adder s-tongue\\nAnd brier-roses, dwelt among\\nAll beside was unknown waste, 50\\nAll was picture as he passed.\\nWiser far than human seer,\\nYellow-breeched philosopher\\nSeeing only what is fair,\\nSipping only what is sweet, 55\\nThou dost mock at fate and care,\\nLeave the chaff, and take the wheat.\\nWhen the fierce northwestern blast\\nCools sea and land so far and fast,\\nThou already slumberest deep 60\\nWoe and want thou canst outsleep\\nWant and woe, which torture us,\\nThy sleep makes ridiculous.\\nit is like cold, which is the privation of heat. i, 123. There-\\nfore, as you remove cold by applying heat, Emerson recom-\\nmends ignoring evil, which is negative, only as an indirect\\nrecommendation to concentrating upon good, which is positive.\\nShun the negative side, he says, viii, 96, 134; vi, 188; and\\noften. The good mind chooses what is positive, what is advan-\\ncing, embraces the affirmative. vii, 289. The affirmative of\\naffirmatives is love. xii, 56. Nerve us with incessant affirma-\\ntives. Don t waste yourself in rejection, nor bark against the\\nbad, but chant the beauty of the good. vii, 291.\\nYet spake yon purple mountain,\\nVet said yon ancient wood,\\nThat Night or Day, that Love or Crime,\\nLeads all souls to the Good. The Park, ix, 78.\\nWhat is the name of such philosophy See Emerson s letter to\\nCarlyle, July 31, 1841. Cf. x, 335, 336 Cabot, 204 vi, 199.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "MY GARDEN. 35\\nMY GARDEN.*\\nIf I could put my woods in song\\nAnd tell what s there enjoyed,\\nAll men would to my gardens throng,\\nAnd leave the cities void.\\nIn my plot no tulips blow, 5\\nSnow-loving pines and oaks instead\\nAnd rank the savage maples grow\\nFrom Spring s faint flush to Autumn red.\\nMy garden is a forest ledge\\nWhich older forests bound 10\\nThe banks slope down to the blue lake-edge,\\nThen plunge to depths profound.\\nHere once the Deluge ploughed,\\nLaid the terraces, one by one\\nThe garden at home was often a hindrance and care, but\\nsoon after his settlement in Concord he bought an estate which\\nbrought him unmingled pleasure, first the grove of white pines\\non the shore of Walden, and later the large tract on the farther\\nshore running up to a rocky pinnacle (verse 9), from which he\\ncould look down on the pond itself, and on the other side to the\\nLincoln w r oods and farms Nobscot blue in the south, away be-\\nyond Fairhaven, and the river gleaming in the afternoon sun.\\nE. W. E., 58. Now that the forest is burned away, the ledge\\nmay be seen from the Fitchburg train, just east of Walden\\nstation. Of the home garden Emerson writes in his Journal\\nThe young minister did very well, but one day he married a\\nwife, and after that he noticed that, though he planted corn\\nnever so often, it was sure to come up tulips (verse 5), contrary\\nto all the laws of botany. E. W. E., 6G.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "36 NA TURE.\\nEbbing later whence it flowed, 15\\nThey bleach and dry in the sun.\\nThe sowers made haste to depart,\\nThe wind and the birds which sowed it\\nNot for fame, nor by rules of art,\\nPlanted these, and tempests flowed it. 20\\nWaters that wash my garden side\\nPlay not in Nature s lawful web,\\nThey heed not moon or solar tide,\\nFive years elapse from flood to ebb.\\nHither hasted, in old time, Jove, 25\\nAnd every god, none did refuse\\nAnd be sure at last came Love,\\nAnd after Love, the Muse.\\nKeen ears can catch a syllable,\\nAs if one spake to another, 30\\nIn the hemlocks tall, untamable,\\nAnd what the whispering grasses smother.\\niEolian harps in the pine\\nKing with the song of the Fates\\nInfant Bacchus in the vine, 35\\nFar distant yet his chorus waits.\\nCanst thou copy in verse one chime\\nOf the wood-bell s peal and cry,\\n23. The waters of Waklen Pond rise and fall mysteriously,\\nregardless of rain or drought. It seems to be fed by secret\\nsprings and to have a hidden outlet. Cf. Emerson and his\\nFriends in Concord, F. B. Sanborn, New England Magazine,\\nDecember 1890, p. 430.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "MY GARDEN. 37\\nWrite in a book the morning s prime,\\nOr match with words that tender sky 40\\nWonderful verse of the gods,\\nOf one import, of varied tone\\nThey chant the bliss of their abodes\\nTo man imprisoned in his own.\\nEver the words of the gods resound 45\\nBut the porches of man s ear\\nSeldom in this low life s round\\nAre unsealed, that he may hear.\\nWandering voices in the air\\nAnd murmurs in the wold 50\\nSpeak what I cannot declare,\\nYet cannot all withhold.\\nWhen the shadow fell on the lake,\\nThe whirlwind in ripples wrote\\n41-48. The Gods talk in the breath of the woods,\\nThey talk in the shaken pine,\\nAnd fill the long reach of the old sea-shore\\nWith (dialogue divine\\nAnd the poet who overhears\\nSome random word they say\\nIs the fated man of men\\nWhom the ages must obey.\\nThe Poet, II, ix, 255. Cf. Poet, iii, 13.\\n45. Pan could intoxicate by the strain of his shepherd s pipe,\\nsilent yet to most, for his pipes make the music of the spheres,\\nwhich, because it sounds eternally, is not heard at all by the dull,\\nbut only by the mind, xii, 33. Cf. The Song of the Pine-Tree,\\n38, p. 53 Woodnotes, II, ix, 53 the city boy in the October\\nwoods, vii, 281 xii, 26.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "38 NA TUBE.\\nAir-bells of fortune that shine and break,\\nAnd omens above thought.\\nBut the meanings cleave to the lake,\\nCannot be carried in book or urn\\nGo thy ways now, come later back,\\nOn waves and hedges still they burn.\\nThese the fates of men forecast,\\nOf better men than live to-day\\nIf who can read them comes at last\\nHe will spell in the sculpture, Stay.\\nTWO RIVERS\\nThy summer voice, Musketaquit,\\nRepeats the music of the rain\\nBut sweeter rivers pulsing flit\\nThrough thee, as thou through Concord Plain.\\nThou in thy narrow banks art pent 5\\nThe stream I love unbounded goes\\nThrough flood and sea and firmament\\nThrough light, through life, it forward flows.\\nI see the inundation sweet,\\nI hear the spending of the stream 10\\nThrough years, through men, through nature fleet,\\nThrough love and thought, through power and dream.\\nFor the development of the artistic form of this musical alle-\\ngory of the Concord River, and the flood of life and thought and\\nlove in which the soul finds itself when its eyes are opened, see\\nAppendix, p. 87. Compare with the Sphinx, Ode to W. H. C,\\nAlphonso of Castile, etc., in melody, finish, form.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "SEA-SHORE. 39\\ntaquit, a goblin strong,\\nrd and flint makes jewels gay\\nose their grief who hear his song, is\\nAnd where he winds is the day of day.\\nSo forth and brighter fares my stream,\\nWho drink it shall not thirst again\\nNo darkness stains its equal gleam,\\nAnd ages drop in it like rain.\\n20\\nSEA-SHORE.*\\nI heard or seemed to hear the chiding Sea\\nSay, Pilgrim, why so late and slow to come\\nAm I not always here, thy summer home\\nIs not my voice thy music, morn and eve\\nMy breath thy healthful climate in the heats, 5\\nMy touch thy antidote, my bay thy bath\\nWas ever building like my terraces\\nWas ever couch magnificent as mine\\nLie on the warm rock-ledges, and there learn\\nA little hut suffices like a town. 10\\nI make your sculptured architecture vain,\\nVain beside mine. I drive my wedges home,\\nAnd carve the coastwise mountain into caves,\\nLo here is Rome and Nineveh and Thebes,\\nKarnak and Pyramid and Giant s Stairs 15\\nHalf piled or prostrate and my newest slab\\nOlder than all thy race.\\n18. Cf. John iv, 13, 14, a passage which was obviously in\\nthe poet s mind when he wrote this verse.\\nCompare the original prose form of this poem from Emer-\\nson s Journal, Appendix, p. 87. What is the metre", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "40 NATURE.\\nBehold the Sea,\\nThe opaline, the plentiful and strong,\\nYet beautiful as is the rose in June,\\nFresh as the trickling rainbow of July 20\\nSea full of food, the nourisher of kinds,\\nPurger of earth, and medicine of men\\nCreating a sweet climate by my breath,\\nWashing out harms and griefs from memory,\\nAnd, in my mathematic ebb and flow, 25\\nGiving a hint of that which changes not.\\nEich are the sea-gods who gives gifts but they\\nThey grope the sea for pearls, but more than pearls\\nThey pluck Force thence, and give it to the wise.\\nFor every wave is wealth to Daedalus, so\\nWealth to the cunning artist who can work\\nThis matchless strength. Where shall he find, O\\nwaves\\nA load your Atlas shoulders cannot lift\\n18. plentiful. I like the sentiment of the poor woman who,\\ncoming from a wretched garret in an inland manufacturing town\\nfor the first time to the sea-shore, gazing at the ocean, said she\\nwas glad for once in her life to see something which there was\\nenough of. viii, 134.\\n22. Cf To those who gaze from the sea s edge\\nIt is there for benefit\\nIt is there for purging light;\\nThere for purifying storms;\\nAnd its depths reflect all forms\\nIt cannot parley with the mean,\\nPure by impure is not seen.\\nFor there s no sequestered grot,\\nLone mountain tarn, or isle forgot,\\nBut Justice, journeying in the sphere\\nDaily stoops to harbor there.\\nAstrea, ix, 76.\\n30. See May-Day, 204, note, p. 28.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "SEA-SHORE. 41\\nI, with my hammer pounding evermore\\nThe rocky coast, smite Andes into dust, 35\\nStrewing my bed, and, in another age,\\nRebuild a continent of better men.\\nThen I unbar the doors my paths lead out\\nThe exodus of nations I disperse\\nMen to all shores that front the hoary main. 40\\nI too have arts and, sorceries\\nIllusion dwells forever with the wave.\\nI know what spells are laid. Leave me to deal\\nWith credulous and imaginative man\\nFor, though he scoop my water in his palm, 45\\nA few rods off he deems it gems and clouds.\\nPlanting strange fruits and sunshine on the shore,\\nI make some coast alluring, some lone isle,\\nTo distant men, who must go there, or die.\\n45. Cf. Each and All, 19 ff., p. 61. You walk on the beach\\nand enjoy the animation of the picture. Scoop up a little water\\nin the hollow of your palm, take up a handful of shore sand\\nwell, these are the elements. What is beach but acres of sand\\nWhat is ocean but cubic miles of water A little more or less\\nsignifies nothing. No: it is that this brute matter is part of\\nsomewhat not brute. It is that the sand floor is held by spheral\\ngravity, and bent to be a part of the round globe, under the\\noptical sky, part of the astonishing astronomy, and existing at\\nlast to moral ends and from moral causes. Success, vii, 282.\\nThe ocean is everywhere the same, but it has no character\\nuntil seen with the shore or the* ship. Who would value any\\nnumber of miles of Atlantic brine bounded by lines of latitude\\nand longitude Confine it by granite rocks, let it wash a shore\\nwhere wise men dwell, and it is filled with expression, and the\\npoint of greatest interest is where the land and w r ater meet.\\nMethod of Nature, i, 195, 196.\\n48. The fatal drawing of men by the sea is embodied in all\\nthe old stories of sirens, mermaids, loreleis, etc. but Emerson\\nmay have had in mind Ulysses story of his last western voyage\\n(Dante, Inferno, xxvi), which Tennyson retold in his Ulysses.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "42 NATURE.\\nWALDEINSAMKEIT.*\\nI do not count the hours I spend\\nIn wandering by the sea\\nThe forest is my loyal friend,\\nLike God it useth me.\\nIn plains that room for shadows make 5\\nOf skirting hills to lie,\\nBound in by streams which give and take\\nTheir colors from the sky\\nOr on the mountain-crest sublime,\\nOr down the oaken glade, 10\\nO what have I to do with time\\nFor this the day was made.\\nCities of mortals woe-begone\\nFantastic care derides,\\nBut in the serious landscape lone 15\\nStern benefit abides.\\nSheen will tarnish, honey cloy,\\nAnd merry is only a mask of sad,\\nBut, sober on a fund of joy,\\nThe woods at heart are glad. 20\\nOn being alone in the woods. Compare Wordsworth s Ex-\\npostulation and Reply and The Tables Turned, Riv. Lit. No. 76,\\npp. 49, 50.\\n20. Cf.\\n1 And t is my faith that every flower\\nEnjoys the air it breathes.\\nThe budding twigs spread out their fan\\nTo catch the breezy air,\\nAnd I must think, do all I can,\\nThat there was pleasure there.\\nWordsworth, Lines Written in Early Spring.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "WALDEINSAMKEIT. 43\\nThere the great Planter plants\\nOf fruitful worlds the grain,\\nAnd with a million spells enchants\\nThe souls that walk in pain.\\nStill on the seeds of all he made 25\\nThe rose of beauty burns\\nThrough times that wear and forms that fade,\\nImmortal youth returns.\\nThe black ducks mounting from the lake,\\nThe pigeon in the pines, 30\\nThe bittern s boom, a desert make\\nWhich 110 false art refines.\\nDown in yon watery nook,\\nWhere bearded mists divide,\\nThe gray old gods whom Chaos knew, 35\\nThe sires of Nature, hide.\\nAloft, in secret veins of air,\\nBlows the sweet breath of song,\\nO, few to scale those uplands dare,\\nThough they to all belong 40\\nSee thou bring not to field or stone\\nThe fancies found in books\\nLeave authors eyes, and fetch your own,\\nTo brave the landscape s looks.\\n41. See Emerson s Journal at the time of his settling in Con-\\ncord and first owning woods of his own, E. W. E., 60 ff.\\nTo read the sense the woods impart\\nYou must bring the throbbing heart.\\nTlie Miracle, ix, 306.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "44 NATURE.\\nOblivion here thy wisdom is, 45\\nThy thrift, the sleep of cares\\nFor a proud idleness like this\\nCrowns all thy mean affairs.\\nTHE APOLOGY.*\\nThink me not unkind and rude\\nThat I walk alone in grove and glen\\nI go to the god of the wood\\nTo fetch his word to men.\\nTax not my sloth that I 5\\nFold my arms beside the brook\\nEach cloud that floated in the sky\\nWrites a letter in my book.\\nChide me not, laborious band,\\nFor the idle flowers I brought 10\\nEvery aster in my hand\\nGoes home loaded with a thought.\\nThere was never mystery\\nBut t is figured in the flowers\\nCf. Wordsworth s Expostulation and Reply, Riv. Lit. No. 76,\\np. 49.\\n2. When Nero advertised for a new luxury, a walk in the\\nwoods should have been offered. T is the consolation of mortal\\nmen. I think no pursuit has more breath of immortality in it.\\nT is one of the secrets for dodging old age, for Nature makes\\na like impression on age as on youth. It is the best of humanity,\\nI think, that goes out to walk. Country Life (1857), Cabot,\\n762. Wherever I go, therefore, he wrote to Miss Jackson\\njust before his marriage to her, I guard and study my ram-", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "WOODNOTES. 45\\nWas never secret history is\\nBut birds tell it in the bovvers.\\nOne harvest from thy field\\nHomeward brought the oxen strong\\nA second crop thine acres yield,\\nWhich I gather in a song. 20\\nWOODNOTES.\\nI.\\n1.\\nWhen the pine tosses its cones\\nTo the song of its waterfall tones,\\nWho speeds to the woodland walks\\nTo birds and trees who talks\\nCaesar of his leafy Rome, 5\\nThere the poet is at home.\\nHe goes to the river-side,\\nNot hook nor line hath he\\nHe stands in the meadows wide,\\nNor gun nor scythe to see. 10\\nSure some god his eye enchants\\nWhat he knows nobody wants.\\nIn the wood he travels glad,\\nbling propensities with a care that is ridiculous to people, but to\\nme is the care of my high calling. E. W. E., 62 Cabot, 236.\\nCf. Waldeinaamkeit, and numerous prose allusions to his wan-\\ndering propensity, especially his journal at the time of set-\\ntling in Concord. E. W. E., 58-65.\\n15. Cf. May-Day, 68, note, p. 25.\\n19. Cf. Shakspeare, iv, 206, quoted in the Introduction, p. xii.\\n8, 10. Cf. note to line 47. See, also, Forbearance, p. 71.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "46 NATURE,\\nWithout better fortune had,\\nMelancholy without bad. is\\nKnowledge this man prizes best\\nSeems fantastic to the rest\\nPondering shadows, colors, clouds,\\nGrass-buds and caterpillar-shrouds,\\nBoughs on which the wild bees settle, 20\\nTints that spot the violet s petal,\\nWhy Nature loves the number five,\\nAnd why the star-form she repeats\\nLover of all things alive,\\nWonderer at all he meets, 25\\nWonderer chiefly at himself,\\nWho can tell him what he is\\nOr how meet in human elf\\nComing and past eternities 30\\nAnd such I knew, a forest seer,\\nA minstrel of the natural year,\\n25. The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually\\nwonder (and worship), were he President of innumerable Royal\\nSocieties, and carried the whole Mecanique Celeste and Hegel s\\nPhilosophy, and the epitome of all Laboratories and Observatories\\nwith their results, in his single head, is but a Pair of Specta-\\ncles behind which there is no Eye. Let those who have Eyes look\\nthrough him, then he may be useful. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus,\\nchap. x. So Emerson in a lecture on Moral Sense, in Boston,\\nMarch 18, 1860, quoted by Cabot, 770 I take it to be a main\\nend of education to touch the springs of wonder in us, etc.\\n28. See The Sphinx, ix, i. Cf. i, 120; i, 9, 10; xii, 15; and often.\\n31. In 1852, Emerson, inviting a friend to Concord, wrote:\\nIf old Pan were here, you would come and we have young\\nPan under another name, whom you shall see, and hear his reeds,\\nif you tarry not. E. W. E., 112. Earlier, in the Journal for\\nJune G, 1841 The good river-god has taken the form of my", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "WOODNOTES. 47\\nForeteller of the vernal ides,\\nWise harbinger of spheres and tides,\\nA lover trne, who knew by heart 35\\nEach joy the mountain dales impart\\nIt seemed that Nature could not raise\\nA plant in any secret place,\\nIn quaking bog, on snowy hill,\\nvaliant Henry Thoreau here, and introduced me to the riches of\\nhis shadowy, starlit, moonlit stream, a lovely new world lying\\nas close and yet as unknown to this vulgar trite one of streets\\nand shops as death to life, or poetry to prose. Read Emerson s\\nBiographical Sketch of Thoreau, x, 419, to which vv. 47 to 50 are\\nprefixed as motto. Cf. May-Day, p. 30. Thoreau s Early Spring\\nin Massachusetts, and the other volumes of selections from his\\nJournal, would seem to give most interesting confirmation of\\nthis poetic judgment of him as the ideal forest seer. But some\\nof the poem Emerson wrote before he knew Thoreau and just\\nas in Saadi, the ideal poet, and Osman, the ideal man, he em-\\nbodies the essential traits of his own character, so here in the\\nforest seer he gives an exact account of his own habits and\\nexperiences, another illustration of the self-revelation of Emer-\\nson s poetry to which Dr. Holmes alludes. Prose illustrations of\\nthese naturalist traits, therefore, have to be taken from Emerson s\\npaper on Thoreau, which may be found also in Riv. Lit. No. 27.\\n35. It was a pleasure and a privilege to walk with him.\\nHe knew the country like a fox or a bird, and passed through it\\nas freely by paths of his own. He knew every track in the\\nsnow or on the ground, and what creature had taken this path\\nbefore him. One must submit abjectly to such a guide, and the\\nreward was great. x, 437. Riv. Lit. No. 27, p. 20. Cf.\\nTHE WALK.\\nA queen rejoices in her peers,\\nAnd wary Nature knows her own\\nBy court and city, dale and down,\\nAnd like a lover volunteers,\\nAnd to her son will treasures more\\nAnd more to purpose freely pour\\nIn one wood walk, than learned men\\nCan find with glass in ten times ten. ix, 304.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "48 NATURE.\\nBeneath the grass that shades the rill, 40\\nUnder the snow, between the rocks,\\nIn damp fields known to bird and fox,\\nBut he would come in the very hour\\nIt opened in its virgin bower,\\nAs if a sunbeam showed the place, 45\\nAnd tell its long-descended race.\\nIt seemed as if the breezes brought him\\nIt seemed as if the sparrows taught him\\nAs if by secret sight he knew\\nWhere, in far fields, the orchis grew. 50\\nMany haps fall in the field\\nSeldom seen by wishful eyes\\nBut all her shows did Nature yield,\\nTo please and win this pilgrim wise.\\nHe saw the partridge drum in the woods 55\\nHe heard the woodcock s evening hymn\\nHe found the tawny thrushes broods\\nAnd the shy hawk did wait for him\\nWhat others did at distance hear,\\nAnd guessed within the thicket s gloom, 60\\nWas shown to this philosopher,\\nAnd at his bidding seemed to come.\\n3.\\nIn unploughed Maine he sought the lumberer s gang\\nWhere from a hundred lakes young rivers sprang\\n47. See Appendix, p. 88 Riv. Lit. No. 27, p. 22.\\n51. See Appendix, p. 88 Riv. Lit. No. 27, p. 16.\\n55. See Appendix, p. 89 Riv. Lit. No. 27, p. 22.\\n63. His visits to Maine were chiefly for love of the Indian.\\nOccasionally a small party of Penobscot Indians would visit Con-\\ncord, and pitch their tents for a few weeks in summer on the river\\nbank. He failed not to make acquaintance with the best of them;\\nthough he well knew that asking questions of Indians is like cate-\\nchizing beavers and rabbits. x, 441. Riv. Lit. No. 27, p. 23.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "WOODNOTES. 49\\nHe trode the implanted forest floor, whereon 65\\nThe all-seeing snn for ages hath not shone\\nWhere feeds the moose, and walks the surly bear,\\nAnd up the tall mast runs the woodpecker.\\nHe saw beneath dim aisles, in odorous beds,\\nThe slight Linnaea hang its twin-born heads, 70\\nAnd blessed the monument of the man of flowers,\\nWhich breathes his sweet fame through the northern\\nbowers.\\nHe heard, when in the grove, at intervals,\\nWith sudden roar the aged pine-tree falls,\\nOne crash, the death-hymn of the perfect tree, 75\\nDeclares the close of its green century.\\nLow lies the plant to whose creation went\\nSweet influence from every element\\nWhose living towers the years conspired to build,\\nWhose giddy top the morning loved to gild. so\\nThrough these green tents, by eldest Nature dressed,\\nHe roamed, content alike with man and beast.\\nWhere darkness found him he lay glad at night\\nThere the red morning touched him with its light.\\nThree moons his great heart him a hermit made, 85\\nSo long he roved at will the boundless shade.\\nThe timid it concerns to ask their way,\\nAnd fear what foe in caves and swamps can stray,\\nTo make no step until the event is known,\\nAnd ills to come as evils past bemoan. 90\\n68. What do you think of the poetry of this verse\\n71. Who was the man of flowers What was his monu-\\nment\\n90. Cf. BORROWING.\\nFROM THE FRENCH.\\nSome of your hurts you have cured,\\nAnd the sharpest you still have survived,\\nBut what torments of grief you endured\\nFrom evils which never arrived ix, 241; vi, 252.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "50 NA TURE.\\nNot so the wise no coward watch he keeps\\nTo spy what danger on his pathway creeps\\nGo where he will, the wise man is at home,\\nHis hearth the earth, his hall the azure dome\\nWhere his clear spirit leads him, there s his road, 95\\nBy God s own light illumined and foreshowed.\\n4.\\nT was one of the charmed days\\nWhen the genius of God doth flow,\\nThe wind may alter twenty ways,\\nA tempest cannot blow 100\\nIt may blow north, it still is warm\\nOr south, it still is clear\\nOr east, it smells like a clover-farm\\nOr west, no thunder fear.\\nThe musing peasant lowly great 105\\nBeside the forest water sate\\nThe rope-like pine roots crosswise grown\\nComposed the network of his throne\\nThe wide lake, edged with sand and grass,\\nWas burnished to a floor of glass, 110\\nPainted with shadows green and proud\\nOf the tree and of the cloud.\\nHe was the heart of all the scene\\nOn him the sun looked more serene\\n93. Cf. the concluding lines of Destiny, an epitome of Emer-\\nson s whole philosophy\\nWho bides at home, nor looks abroad,\\nCarries the eagles, and masters the sword. ix, 33.\\nThe soul is no traveller the wise man stays at home. ii,\\n79, and often. Cf. Written at Rome, 1833, ix, 301.\\n94. Cf. That each should in his house abide,\\nTherefore was the world so wide. ix, 298.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "WOODNOTES. 51\\nTo hill and cloud his face was known, 115\\nIt seemed the likeness of their own\\nThey knew by secret sympathy\\nThe public child of earth and sky.\\nYou ask, he said, what guide\\nMe through trackless thickets led, 120\\nThrough thick-stemmed woodlands rough and\\nwide.\\nI found the water s bed.\\nThe watercourses were my guide\\nI travelled grateful by their side,\\nOr through their channel dry 125\\nThey led me through the thicket damp,\\nThrough brake and fern, the beavers camp,\\nThrough beds of granite cut my road,\\nAnd their resistless friendship showed\\nThe falling waters led me, 130\\nThe foodful waters fed me,\\nAnd brought me to the lowest land,\\nUnerring to the ocean sand.\\nThe moss upon the forest bark\\nWas pole-star when the night was dark 135\\nThe purple berries in the wood\\nSupplied me necessary food\\nFor Nature ever faithful is\\nTo such as trust her faithfulness.\\nWhen the forest shall mislead me, 140\\nWhen the nijylit and morning lie,\\nWhen sea and land refuse to feed me,\\nT will be time enough to die\\n134, 135. How did the moss serve as compass to him\\n138. Cf. Wordsworth s T intern Abbey\\nNature never did betray\\nThe heart that loved her.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "52 NATURE.\\nThen will yet my mother yield\\nA pillow in her greenest field, 145\\nNor the Jnne flowers scorn to cover\\nThe clay of their departed lover.\\nTHE SONG OF THE PINE-TREE.*\\nWOODNOTES, II.\\nHeed the old oracles,\\nPonder my spells\\nSong wakes in my pinnacles\\nWhen the wind swells.\\nSoundeth the prophetic wind, 5\\nThe shadows shake on the rock behind,\\nAnd the countless leaves of the pine are strings\\nTuned to the lay the wood-god sings.\\nHearken Hearken\\nIf thou wouldst know the mystic song 10\\nChanted when the sphere was young.\\nAloft, abroad, the paean swells;\\nO wise man hear st thou half it tells\\nO wise man hear st thou the least part\\nT is the chronicle of art. 15\\nTo the open ear it sings\\nSweet the genesis of things,\\nOf tendency through endless ages,\\nWhat observation do you make on the rhythm of this song\\nWhat is its chief poetical quality Is it dependent upon form\\nupon diction\\n16. This passage has been called the prose doctrine of evo-\\nlution turned into poetry. Cf. the motto to Nature, Appendix,\\np 89. Read Conway, chapters xv and xvi 0. W. II, 105.\\nWhatever I have done the world owes to Emerson. Tyndall.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "THE SONG OF THE PINE-TREE. 53\\nOf star-dust, and star-pilgrimages,\\nOf rounded worlds, of space and time, 20\\nOf the old flood s subsiding slime,\\nOf chemic matter, force and form,\\nOf poles and powers, cold, wet and warm\\nThe rushing metamorphosis\\nDissolving all that fixture is, 25\\nMelts things that be to things that seem,\\nAnd solid nature to a dream.\\nO, listen to the undersong,\\nThe ever old, the ever young\\nAnd, far within those cadent pauses, 30\\nThe chorus of the ancient Causes\\nDelights the dreadful Destiny\\nTo fling his voice into the tree,\\nAnd shock thy weak ear with a note\\nBreathed from the everlasting throat. 35\\nIn music he repeats the pang\\nWhence the fair flock of Nature sprang.\\nO mortal thy ears are stones\\nThese echoes are laden with tones\\nWhich only the pure can hear 40\\nThou canst not catch what they recite\\nOf Fate and Will, of Want and Right,\\n29. Cf. I hear the lofty pagans\\nOf the masters of the shell,\\nWho heard the starry music\\nAnd recount the numbers well\\nOlympian bards who sung\\nDivine Ideas below,\\nWhich always find us young\\nAnd always keep us so. ix, 82.\\nSome thoughts always find us young, and keep us so. Such\\na thought is the love of the universal and eternal beauty. ii, 25G.\\n38. Cf. Blight, ix, 123; My Garden, 45, note, p. 37.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "54 NATURE.\\nOf man to come, of human life,\\nOf Death and Fortune, Growth and Strife.\\nTHE WORLD-SOUL.\\nThanks to the morning light,\\nThanks to the foaming sea,\\nTo the uplands of New Hampshire,\\nTo the green-haired forest free\\nThanks to each man of courage, 5\\nTo the maids of holy mind,\\nTo the boy with his games undaunted\\nWho never looks behind.\\nCities of proud hotels,\\nHouses of rich and great, 10\\nVice nestles in your chambers,\\nBeneath your roofs of slate.\\nIt cannot conquer folly,\\nTime-and-space-conquering steam,\\nAnd the light-outspeeding telegraph i r\\nBears nothing on its beam.\\n11. Cf. Who liveth by the ragged pine\\nFound eth a heroic line\\nWho liveth in the palace hall\\nWaneth fast and spendeth all. ix, 48.\\n16 If. Our nineteenth century is the age of tools. One\\nmight say that the inventions of the last fifty years counterpoise\\nthose of fifty centuries before them steam, the enemy of space\\nand time the ocean telegraph, that extension of the eye and\\near, how excellent are the mechanical aids we have applied to\\nthe human body Many facts concur to show that we must\\nlook deeper for our salvation than to steam, photographs, bal-\\nloons, or astronomy Machinery is aggressive. The weaver", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "THE WORLD-SOUL. 55\\nThe politics are base\\nThe letters do not cheer\\nAnd t is far in the deeps of history,\\nThe voice that speaketh clear. 20\\nTrade and the streets ensnare us,\\nOur bodies are weak and worn\\nWe plot and corrupt each other,\\nAnd we despoil the unborn.\\nYet there in the parlor sits 25\\nSome figure of noble guise,\\nOur angel, in a stranger s form,\\nOr woman s pleading eyes\\nOr only a flashing sunbeam\\nIn at the window-pane 30\\nOr Music pours on mortals\\nIts beautiful disdain.\\nThe inevitable morning\\nFinds them who in cellars be\\nbecomes a web, the machinist a machine. What sickening\\ndetails in the daily journals Politics were never more corrupt\\nand brutal and Trade, that pride and darling of our ocean,\\nthat educator of nations, that benefactor in spite of itself, ends\\nin shameful defaulting, bubble, and bankruptcy, all over the\\nworld. Of course we resort to the enumeration of his arts and\\ninventions as a measure of the worth of man. But if, with all\\nhis arts, he is a felon, we cannot assume the mechanical skill or\\nchemical resources as the measure of worth. What have these\\narts done for the character, for the worth of mankind Are\\nmen better T is too plain that with the material power\\nthe moral progress has not kept pace. It appears that we have\\nnot made a judicious investment. Works and days were offered\\nus, and we took works. vii, 150-160. This was made public\\nin January, 1857 what of the progress since that day since\\nthe opening of the Suez Canal in 18G9 Cf. v, 161 ff.\\n25. See the beginning of the Essay on Friendship, ii, 183.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "56 NATURE.\\nAnd be sure the all-loving Nature 35\\nWill smile in a factory.\\nYon ridge of purple landscape,\\nYon sky between the walls,\\nHold all the hidden wonders\\nIn scanty intervals. 40\\nAlas the Sprite that haunts us\\nDeceives our rash desire\\nIt whispers of the glorious gods,\\nAnd leaves us in the mire.\\nWe cannot learn the cipher 45\\nThat s writ upon our cell\\nStars taunt us by a mystery\\nWhich we could never spell.\\nIf but one hero knew it,\\nThe world would blush in flame 50\\nThe sage, till he hit the secret,\\nWould hang his head for shame.\\n45 ff. Cf. the longer poem on Monadnoc, 262 284 ff., ix,\\n66, and the Song of Nature, awaiting the man-child glorious,\\nthe summit of the whole.\\nI travail in pain for him,\\nMy creatures travail and wait\\nHis couriers come by squadrons.\\nHe comes not to the gate.\\nI moulded kings and saviors,\\nAnd bards o er kings to rule\\nBut fell the starry influence short,\\nThe cup was never full. ix, 211. Cf. i, 194.\\nCf. also, But never yet the man was found\\nWho could the mystery expound. ix, 280.\\nAnd Thorough a thousand voices\\nSpoke the universal dame\\nWho telleth one of my meanings,\\nIs master of all I am. The Sphinx, ix, 13.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE WORLD-SOUL. 57\\nOur brothers have not read it,\\nNot one has found the key\\nAnd henceforth we are comforted, 55\\nWe are but such as they.\\nStill, still the secret presses\\nThe nearing clouds draw down\\nThe crimson morning flames into\\nThe fopperies of the town. 00\\nWithin, without the idle earth,\\nStars weave eternal rings\\nThe sun himself shines heartily,\\nAnd shares the joy he brings.\\nAnd what if Trade sow cities 65\\nLike shells along the shore,\\nAnd thatch with towns the prairie broad\\nWith railways ironed o er\\nThey are but sailing foam-bells\\nAlong Thought s causing stream, 70\\nAnd take their shape and sun-color\\nFrom him that sends the dream.\\nFor Destiny never swerves,\\nNor yields to men the helm\\nHe shoots his thought, by hidden nerves, 75\\nThroughout the solid realm.\\nThe patient Dasmon sits,\\nWith roses and a shroud\\n77. Over everything stands its dseuion or soul. The Poet,\\niii, 29. The fairest fortune that can befall a man is to be\\nguided by his daemon to that which is truly his own. Plato, iv,\\n63; xii, 38. Cf. Daemonic Love, ix, 98 vi, 273; i, 199; ii, 132;\\nvi, 48; x, 98.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "58 NATURE.\\nHe has his way, and deals his gifts,\\nBut ours is not allowed. so\\nHe is no churl nor trifler,\\nAnd his viceroy is none,\\nLove-without-weakness,\\nOf Genius sire and son.\\nAnd his will is not thwarted 85\\nThe seeds of land and sea\\nAre the atoms of his body bright,\\nAnd his behest obey.\\nHe serveth the servant,\\nThe brave he loves amain 90\\nHe kills the cripple and the sick,\\nAnd straight begins again\\nFor gods delight in gods,\\nAnd thrust the weak aside\\nTo him who scorns their charities 95\\nTheir arms fly open wide.\\nWhen the old world is sterile\\nAnd the ages are effete,\\nHe will from wrecks and sediment\\nThe fairer world complete. 100\\nHe forbids to despair\\nHis cheeks mantle with mirth\\n81. Cf. Give all to Love, ix, 84.\\n95. This thought is beautifully elaborated in the difficult poem,\\nTo Rhea, ix, 18. Cf. Appendix, p. 93; Brahma, 12, ix, 171.\\nLeave all thy pedant lore apart\\nGod hid the whole world in thy heart.\\nLove shuns the sage, the child it crowns,\\nGives all to them who all renounce. ix, 55.\\n101. Cf. the Essay on Worship, vi, 199 All my opinions,", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "MONADNOC FROM AFAR. 59\\nAnd the unimagined good of men\\nIs yearning at the birth.\\nSpring still makes spring in the mind 105\\nWhen sixty years are told\\nLove wakes anew this throbbing heart,\\nAnd we are never old.\\nOver the winter glaciers\\nI see the summer glow, no\\nAnd through the wild-piled snowdrift,\\nThe warm rosebuds below.\\nMONADNOC FROM AFAR.*\\nDark flower of Cheshire garden,\\nRed evening duly dyes\\nThy sombre head with rosy hues\\nTo fix far-gazing eyes.\\nWell the Planter knew how strongly\\nWorks thy form on human thought\\nI muse what secret purpose had he\\nTo draw all fancies to this spot.\\naffections, whimsies, are tinged with belief, incline to that\\nside. But I cannot give reasons to a person of different persua-\\nsion that are at all adequate to the force of ray conviction. Yet\\nwhen I fail to find the reason, ray faith is not less. Cabot, 204.\\nMonadnoc, a solitary, sharp-peaked, typical mountain, in Che-\\nshire County, N. H., was a favorite resort of Emerson, Thoreau,\\nand Whittier, and is visited with additional interest on their\\naccount. This little poem Emerson did not publish partly,\\nperhaps, because in the more philosophical Monadnoc (omitted\\nregretfully from this selection on account of its length) he had\\ntold how strongly its form works on human thought. See an\\ninteresting paper on The Grand Monadnock, fully illustrated,\\nby Dr. Edward Waldo Emerson, in the New England Magazine,\\nSeptember, 1896.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "III. LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nEACH AND ALL.\\nLittle thinks, in the field, yon red-cloaked clown\\nOf thee from the hill-top looking down\\nThe heifer that lows in the upland farm,\\nFar-heard, lows not thine ear to charm\\nThe sexton, tolling his bell at noon, 5\\nDeems not that great Napoleon\\nStops his horse, and lists with delight,\\nWhilst his files sweep round yon Alpine height\\nNor knowest thou what argument\\nThy life to thy neighbor s creed has lent. 10\\nAll are needed by each one\\nNothing is fair or good alone.\\nI thought the sparrow s note from heaven,\\nSinging at dawn on the alder bough\\nI brought him home, in his nest, at even 15\\nHe sings the song, but it cheers not now,\\n9. argument justification, inspiration, encouragement, aid.\\nSon of man, saith stern experience, all giving and receiv-\\ning is reciprocal: you entertain angels unawares, but they cannot\\nimpart more or higher things than you are in a state to receive.\\nBut every step of your progress affects the intercourse you hold\\nwith all others, elevates its tone, deepens its meaning, sanctifies\\nits spirit and, when time and suffering and self-denial shall\\nhave transfigured this spotted self, you shall find your fellows\\nalso transformed, and their faces shall shine upon you with the\\nlight of wisdom and the beauty of holiness. Rome, April 18,\\n1833, letter to his aunt Mary. Cabot, 187. See Poet-Lore, May,\\n1894, p. 273.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "EACH AND ALL. 61\\nFor I did not bring home the river and sky\\nHe sang to my ear, they sang to my eye.\\nThe delicate shells lay on the shore\\nThe bubbles of the latest wave 20\\nFresh pearls to their enamel gave,\\nAnd the bellowing of the savage sea\\nGreeted their safe escape to me.\\nI wiped away the weeds and foam,\\nI fetched my sea-born treasures home 25\\nBut the poor, unsightly, noisome things\\nHad left their beauty on the shore\\nWith the sun and the sand and the wild uproar.\\nThe lover watched his graceful maid,\\nAs mid the virgin train she strayed, 30\\nNor knew her beauty s best attire\\nWas woven still by the snow-white choir.\\nAt last she came to his hermitage,\\nLike the bird from the woodlands to the cage\\nThe gay enchantment was undone, 35\\nA gentle wife, but fairy none.\\nThen I said, I covet truth\\nBeauty is unripe childhood s cheat\\n18. Cf. The brook sings on, but sings in vain,\\nWanting the echo in my brain. ix, 276.\\nCf. Wordsworth s Reverie of Poor Susan, Riv. Lit. No. 76, p. 25.\\n32. Why do you suppose her companions are called a choir f\\nWhat was the chorus in the Greek drama\\n37, 38. But they cannot be separated, for truth is beauty, as\\nKeats finely said\\nBeauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all\\nYe know on earth, and all ye need to know.\\nAnd Emerson, like the fine and beautiful souls of all time, ac-\\nknowledges the identity not only of beauty and truth (cf. i, 59\\nxii, 117) and goodness (verse 12 above; cf. iv, 57; xii, 116, 132,\\n140), but also of goodness and truth (i, 210; iv, 126), love and", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "62 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nI leave it behind with the games of youth\\nAs I spoke, beneath my feet\\nThe ground-pine curled its pretty wreath,\\nRunning over the club-moss burrs\\nI inhaled the violet s breath\\nAround me stood the oaks and firs\\nPine-cones and acorns lay on the ground\\nOver me soared the eternal sky,\\nFull of light and of deity\\nAgain I saw, again I heard,\\nThe rolling river, the morning bird\\nBeauty through my senses stole\\nI yielded myself to the perfect whole.\\nTHE RHODORA:*\\nON BEING ASKED, WHENCE IS THE FLOWER\\nIn May, when sea-winds pierced our solitudes,\\nI found the fresh Rhodora in the woods,\\nSpreading its leafless blooms in a damp nook,\\nTo please the desert and the sluggish brook.\\nThe purple petals, fallen in the pool, 5\\nMade the black water with their beauty gay\\ntruth {Celestial Love, ix, 105), love and beauty {Beauty, ix, 233),\\nbeauty and wisdom {Berrying, ix, 41). The Italians defined\\nbeauty il piu neW unb the many in one, intimating that what\\nis truly beautiful seems related to all nature, xii, 118). Nothing\\nis quite beautiful alone nothing but is beautiful in the whole.\\nTruth, and goodness, and beauty are but different faces of the\\nsame All. i, 29, 30. See Appendix, p. 89.\\nIn sending this poem to his friend, James Freeman Clarke\\n(for publication), Emerson wrote February 27, 1839 You are\\nquite welcome to the lines To the Rhodora, but I think they\\nneed the superscription. Why", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "THE PROBLEM. G3\\nHere might the red-bird come his plumes to cool,\\nAnd court the flower that cheapens his array.\\nRhodora if the sages ask thee why\\nThis charm is wasted on the earth and sky, 10\\nTell them, dear, that if eyes were made for seeing,\\nThen Beauty is its own excuse for being\\nWhy thou wert there, O rival of the rose\\nI never thought to ask, I never knew\\nBut, in my simple ignorance, suppose 15\\nThe self-same Power that brought me there brought\\nyou.\\nTHE PROBLEM.\\nI like a church I like a cowl,\\nI love a prophet of the soul\\n12. The ancient Greeks called the world cosmos, beauty.\\nSuch is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power\\nof the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the moun-\\ntain, the tree, the animal, give us delight in and for themselves.\\nNature, i. 21. Read the whole of this chapter iii, on Beauty.\\nBeauty cannot be defined. Like Truth, it is an ultimate aim\\nof the human being. It does not lie within the limits of the\\nunderstanding. Beauty may be felt. It may be produced.\\nBut it cannot be defined. Michael Angelo, xii, 117.\\nA beauty not explicable is dearer than a beauty which we\\ncan see the end of. The Poet, iii, 21.\\n2. Remember that the rhyme Emerson aimed at was not\\ntinkling rhyme. I wish to write such rhymes as shall\\nnot suggest a restraint, but contrariwise the wildest freedom.\\nSee Introduction, p. xv. Do you not suspect a purpose here to\\nbring out even more forcibly the rhyme or balance of the\\nthought (Cf. viii, 51, 54, 65.) What is the contrast Is it a\\ncontrast inherent in the nature of the priest and the prophet,\\nor due only to the human imperfections of the priest? A", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "64 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nAnd on my heart monastic aisles\\nFall like sweet strains, or pensive smiles\\nYet not for all his faith can see 5\\nWould I that cowled churchman be.\\nWhy should the vest on him allure,\\nWhich I could not on me endure\\nNot from a vain or shallow thought\\nHis awful Jove young Phidias brought 10\\nNever from lips of cunning fell\\nThe thrilling Delphic oracle\\nOut from the heart of nature rolled\\nThe burdens of the Bible old\\ncertain wonderful friend of mine said that a false priest was\\nthe falsest of false things. But what makes a priest A\\ncassock O Diogenes or the power (and thence the call) to\\nteach men s duties as they flow from the Superhuman Em-\\nerson to Carlyle, November 30, 1834. Read from the Italian\\nJournal, Cabot, 188. Cf. Ruskin on Lycidas in Sesame and Lilies.\\n7, 8. I dare not speak lightly of usages I omit. And so,\\nwith this hollow obeisance to things I do not myself value, I go\\non, not pestering others with what I do not believe but\\nthis is my charge, plain and clear, to act faithfully upon my own\\nfaith to live by it myself, and see what a hearty obedience to it\\nwill do. Journal, September 8, 1833, Cabot, 201. What, then,\\nis the Problem The subject of the poem is veracity, sincerity,\\nthe self-surrender of self-reliance to the universal mind.\\n9-18. Pretension may sit still, but cannot act. Pretension\\nnever feigned an act of real goodness. Pretension never wrote\\nan Iliad, nor drove back Xerxes, nor christianized the world,\\nnor abolished slavery. ii, 150. See 32, note.\\nNor kind nor coinage buys\\nAught above its rate.\\nFear, Craft, and Avarice\\nCannot rear a State. ix, 230.\\nRead the Essay on Art in Society and Solitude, vii, 41 ff.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "THE PROBLEM. 65\\nThe litanies of nations came, 15\\nLike the volcano s tongue of flame,\\nUp from the burning core below,\\nThe canticles of love and woe\\nThe hand that rounded Peter s dome\\nAnd groined the aisles of Christian Rome 20\\nWrought in a sad sincerity\\nHimself from God he could not free\\nHe builded better than he knew\\nThe conscious stone to beauty grew.\\nKnow st thou what wove yon woodbird s nest 25\\nOf leaves, and feathers from her breast?\\nOr how the fish outbuilt her shell,\\nPainting with morn each annual cell\\nOr how the sacred pine-tree adds\\nTo her old leaves new myriads 30\\nSuch and so grew these holy piles,\\nWhilst love and terror laid the tiles.\\nEarth proudly wears the Parthenon,\\nAs the best gem upon her zone,\\nAnd Morning opes with haste her lids 35\\nTo gaze upon the Pyramids\\nO er England s abbeys bends the sky,\\nAs on its friends, with kindred eye\\n19-22. See Appendix, p. 90. Cf. ii, 328; vii, 51, 56, 58, etc.\\n23. The most frequently quoted line of Emerson. Cf. Our\\narts are happy hits. We are like the musician on the lake, whose\\nmelody is sweeter than he knows. vii, 50. The great man\\nknew not that he was great. It took a century or two for that\\nfact to appear. What he did, he did because he must it was\\nthe most natural thing in the world, and grew out of the circum-\\nstances of the moment. ii, 147. Cf. ii, 263, and Appendix, p. 91.\\n32. The Gothic cathedrals were built when the builder and\\nthe priest and the people were overpowered by their faith.\\nLove and fear laid every stone. vii, 58. See 45, and note.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "GQ LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nFor out of Thought s interior sphere\\nThese wonders rose to upper air 40\\nAnd Nature gladly gave them place,\\nAdopted them into her race,\\nAnd granted them an equal date\\n.With Andes and with Ararat.\\nThese temples grew as grows the grass 45\\nArt might obey, but not surpass.\\nThe passive Master lent his hand\\nTo the vast soul that o er him planned\\nAnd the same power that reared the shrine\\nBestrode the tribes that knelt within. 50\\nEver the fiery Pentecost\\nGirds with one flame the countless host,\\nTrances the heart through chanting choirs,\\nAnd through the priest the mind inspires.\\nThe word unto the prophet spoken 55\\nWas writ on tables yet unbroken\\n39. See Appendix, p. 91.\\n45. And so every genuine work of art has as much reason\\nfor being as the earth and the sun. The gayest charm of beauty\\nhas a root in the constitution of things. The Iliad of Homer,\\nthe songs of David, the odes of Pindar, the tragedies of Ms-\\nchylus, the Doric temples, the Gothic cathedrals, the plays of\\nShakspeare, all and each were made, not for sport, but in\\ngrave earnest, in tears and smiles of suffering and loving men.\\nvii, 56.\\n47, 48. These two verses were chosen to be engraved, with a\\nborder of pine needles and cones, on the bronze plate on Emer-\\nson s gravestone, as giving in a few words his fundamental belief\\nthat man is inspired, if he lets himself be, by the Over-Soul of\\nwhich he is a part. See Appendix, p. 92 Introduction, p. xviii.\\n51. On the day of Pentecost, cloven tongues like as of fire\\nappeared to the apostles, and they were all filled with the\\nHoly Ghost. Acts ii. Cf. i, 200; ii, 105; xii, 58; ii, 259.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "THE ROMANY GIRL. G7\\nThe word by seers or sibyls told,\\nIn groves of oak, or fanes of gold,\\nStill floats upon the morning wind,\\nStill whispers to the willing mind. 60\\nOne accent of the Holy Ghost\\nThe heedless world hath never lost.\\nI know what say the fathers wise,\\nThe Book itself before me lies,\\nOld Chrysostom, best Augustine, 65\\nAnd he who blent both in his line,\\nThe younger Golden Lij)S or mines,\\nTaylor, the Shakspeare of divines,\\nHis words are music in my ear,\\nI see his cowled portrait dear 70\\nAnd yet, for all his faith could see,\\nI would not the good bishop be.\\nTHE ROMANY GIRL.*\\nThe sun goes down, and with him takes\\nThe coarseness of my poor attire\\nThe fair moon mounts, and aye the flame\\nOf Gypsy beauty blazes higher.\\nGO. With each new mind, a new secret of nature transpires\\nnor can the Bible be closed until the last great man is born.\\niv, 25. Cf. vii, 209; i, 142 It is the office of a true teacher\\nto show that God is, not was that he speaketh, not spake.\\n62. Never was a sincere word utterly lost. ii, 150.\\n65. Chrysostom is the Greek for Golden Lips. See Books,\\nvii, 198 Prayers, xii, 218 xi, 388.\\n68. Jeremy Taylor, Bishop of Down and Connor, 1613-1667,\\nauthor of Holy Living (1650) and Holy Dying (1651).\\n69-72. What, then, is the Problem See 7, 8, and note.\\nRomany. See Borrow s prefaces to Lavengro and Romany\\nRye.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "68 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nPale Northern girls you scorn our race 5\\nYou captives of your air-tight halls,\\nWear out in-doors your sickly days,\\nBut leave us the horizon walls.\\nAnd if I take you, dames, to task,\\nAnd say it frankly without guile, 10\\nThen you are Gypsies in a mask,\\nAnd I the lady all the while.\\nIf on the heath, below the moon,\\nI court and play with paler blood,\\nMe false to mine dare whisper none, is\\nOne sallow horseman knows me good.\\nGo, keep your cheek s rose from the rain,\\nFor teeth and hair with shopmen deal\\nMy swarthy tint is in the grain,\\nThe rocks and forest know it real. 20\\nThe wild air bloweth in our lungs,\\nThe keen stars twinkle in our eyes,\\nThe birds gave us our wily tongues,\\nThe panther in our dances flies.\\nYou doubt we read the stars on high, 25\\nNathless we read your fortunes true\\nThe stars may hide in the upper sky,\\nBut without glass we fathom you.\\n16. Sallow sickly Pale-face (not a gypsy) or yellow,\\nlike the gypsy in Borrow sZayem^o, chap, v horseman rider,\\nknight, or trader\\n24. Meaning Expand the metaphor into a simile.\\n25. An allusion to what characteristic occupation of Gypsies", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "DAYS. 69\\nDAYS.*\\nDaughters of Time, the hypocritic Days,\\nMuffled and dumb like barefoot dervishes,\\nAnd marching single in an endless file,\\nBring diadems and fagots in their hands.\\nTo each they offer gifts after his will, 5\\nBread, kingdoms, stars, and sky that holds them all.\\nI, in my pleached garden, watched the pomp,\\nForgot my morning wishes, hastily\\n4\\nEmerson always looked upon this as his best poem. What\\nelements of a sonnet has it Why is n t it a sonnet Read\\nthe entry about its production in Emerson s Journal. E. W. E.,\\n236.\\n7. Pleached effect of this Elizabethan word See Much\\nAdo About Nothing, I, ii, 10 III, i, 7. pomp procession, or\\nrich display Look up the derivation of both words.\\nSilent, passive, even sulkily, Nature offers every morning\\nher wealth to man. She is immensely rich he is welcome to\\nher entire goods but she speaks no word, will not so much as\\nbeckon or cough only this, she is careful to leave all her doors\\najar, towers, hall, stateroom, and cellar. If he takes her\\nhint and uses her goods, she speaks no word if he slumbers\\nand starves, she says nothing. xii, 26. The Bays are ever\\ndivine as to the first Aryans. They come and go, like muffled\\nand veiled figures sent from a distant, friendly party but they\\nsay nothing, and, if we do not use the gifts they bring, they\\ncarry them as silently away. vii, 161. Cf. vii, 166, and\\n0. W. H., 313. Write it on your heart that every day is\\nthe best day in the year. No man has learned anything rightly\\nuntil he knows that every day is Doomsday. T is the old secret\\nof the gods that they come in low disguises. vii, 168.\\nThis passing moment is an edifice\\nWhich the Omnipotent cannot rebuild. ix, 288.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "70 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nTook a few herbs and apples, and the Day\\nTurned and departed silent. I, too late, 10\\nUnder her solemn fillet saw the scorn.\\nFORERUNNERS.*\\nLong I followed happy guides,\\nI could never reach their sides\\nTheir step is forth, and, ere the day,\\nBreaks up their leaguer, and away.\\nKeen my sense, my heart was young, 5\\nRight good-will my sinews strung,\\nBut no speed of mine avails\\nTo hunt upon their shining trails.\\nOn and away, their hasting feet\\nMake the morning proud and sweet 10\\nFlowers they strew, I catch the scent\\nOr tone of silver instrument\\nLeaves on the wind melodious trace\\nYet I could never see their face.\\nOn eastern hills I see their smokes, 15\\nMixed with mist by distant lochs.\\nI met many travellers\\nWho the road had surely kept\\nIt is a marked distinction of this little poem, one of the\\nmost exquisite in the language, that it testifies to the possibility\\nof finding a certain content in following continually an ideal\\nnever reached. Most poets elaborate eloquently their discontent\\nwhen they learn that the earth they inhabit is different from the\\nheaven they conceive. E. P. Whipple, American Literature, p.\\n289.\\n17. One day, walking with Emerson, Thoreau heard a note\\nwhich he called that of the night-warbler, a bird he had never\\nidentified, had been in search of twelve years, which always,", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "FORERUNNERS. 71\\nThey saw not my fine revellers,\\nThese had crossed them while they slept. 20\\nSome had heard their fair report,\\nIn the country or the court.\\nFleetest couriers alive\\nNever yet could once arrive,\\nAs they went or they returned, 25\\nAt the house where these sojourned.\\nSometimes their strong speed they slacken,\\nThough they are not overtaken\\nIn sleep their jubilant troop is near,\\nI tuneful voices overhear 30\\nIt may be in wood or waste,\\nAt unawares t is come and past.\\nTheir near camp my spirit knows\\nBy signs gracious as rainbows.\\nI thenceforward and long after, 35\\nListen for their harp-like laughter,\\nAnd carry in my heart, for days,\\nPeace that hallows rudest ways.\\nwhen he saw it., was in the act of diving down into a tree or\\nbush, and which it was vain to seek. Emerson told him he\\nmust beware of finding and booking it, lest life should have\\nnothing more to show him. He said, What you seek in vain\\nfor, half your life, one day you come full upon, all the family at\\ndinner. You seek it like a dream, and as soon as you find it\\nyou become its prey. x, 439. May there not be here a reflec-\\ntion of Thoreau s mythical record of his disappointments,\\nwhich Emerson quotes from Walden, p. 20 I long ago lost\\na hound, a bay horse, and a turtle-dove, and am still on their\\ntrail. Many are the travellers I have spoken concerning them,\\ndescribing their tracks, and what calls they answered to. I\\nhave met one or two who have heard the hound and the tramp\\nof the horse, and even seen the dove disappear behind a cloud\\nand they have seemed as anxious to recover them as if they had\\nlost them themselves. Cf. May-Day, 295 ff., p. 28.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "72 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nSURSUM CORDA.*\\nSeek not the spirit, if it hide\\nInexorable to thy zeal\\nTrembler, do not whine and chide\\nArt thou not also real\\nStoop not then to poor excuse 5\\nTurn on the accuser roundly say,\\nHere am I, here will I abide\\nForever to myself soothfast\\nGo, thou, sweet Heaven, or at thy pleasure stay\\nAlready Heaven with thee its lot has cast, 10\\nFor only it can absolutely deal.\\nSursum Corda, lift up your hearts, is spoken by the high\\npriest or celebrant at mass, and the faithful respond We lift\\nthem up unto the Lord, habemus ad Dominum.\\nThis is the Emersonian chant of self-reliance, a fundamen-\\ntal doctrine forming the subject of many essays {Self -Reliance,\\nii, 45 Spiritual Laws, ii, 123 Worship, vi, 193, and others) and\\npermeating every page of Emerson s writings. Emerson s first\\nrule of success is to take Michael Angelo s course, to confide\\nin one s self, and be something of worth and value. Each\\nman has an aptitude born with him. Do your work. I have to\\nsay this often, but nature says it oftener. Success, vii, 274. Is\\nnot this the theory of every man s genuis or faculty Why,\\nthen, goest thou, as some Boswell or listening worshipper, to this\\nsaint or that Here art thou with whom so long the universe\\ntravailed in labor: darest thou think meanly of thyself? i, 198,\\n199. If the single man plant himself indomitably on his in-\\nstincts, and there abide, the huge world will come round to him.\\ni, 114. There are two mischievous superstitions, I know not\\nwhich does the most harm, one, that I am wiser than You, and\\nthe other, that You are wiser than I. The truth is that every\\nman is furnished, if he will heed it, with wisdom necessary to\\nsteer his own boat, if he will not look away from his own to\\nsee how his neighbor steers his. xii, 27, 49. See Boece, p. 75,\\nand cf. i, 79, 140; x, 135, 136 Cabot, 320; and Appendix, p. 92.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "TO J. w. 73\\nTO J. W.*\\nSet not thy foot on graves\\nHear what wine and roses say\\nThe mountain chase, the summer waves,\\nThe crowded town, thy feet may well delay.\\nSet not thy foot on graves 5\\nNor seek to unwind the shroud\\nWhich charitable Time\\nAnd Nature have allowed\\nTo wrap the errors of a sage sublime.\\nSet not thy foot on graves 10\\nCare not to strip the dead\\nOf his sad ornament,\\nHis myrrh, and wine, and rings,\\nTo John Weiss, whose paper ou Coleridge, for obvious rea-\\nsons, had offended the poet.\\n9. We answer, when they tell us of the bad behavior of\\nLuther or Paul Well, what if they did Who was more\\npained than Luther or Paul x, 189. We have a vicious\\nway of esteeming the defects of men organic. We identify the\\nman with his faults, judging them from our point of view. We\\nshould rather ask how they appear from his point of view. Cf.\\nCabot, 390. We say that every man is entitled to be valued\\nby his best moment. We measure our friends so. We know\\nthey have intervals of folly, whereof we take no heed, but wait\\nthe reappearings of the genius, which are sure and beautiful.\\nvi, 273. Cf. iv, 87.\\nYou shall not love ine for what daily spends\\nYou shall not know me in the noisy street,\\nWhere I, as others, follow petty ends\\nNor when in fair saloons we chance to meet\\nNor when I in jaded, sick, anxious, or mean.\\nBut love me then and only, when you know\\nMe for the channel of the rivers of God\\nFrom deep ideal fontal heavens that flow. ix, 293.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "74 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nHis sheet of lead,\\nAnd trophies buried\\nGo, get them where he earned them when alive\\nAs resolutely dig or dive.\\nLife is too short to waste\\nIn critic peep or cynic bark,\\nQuarrel or reprimand\\nT will soon be dark\\nUp mind thine own aim, and\\nGod speed the mark\\nFORBEARANCE.\\nHast thou named all the birds without a gun\\nLoved the wood-rose, and left it on its stalk\\n16. Cf. Laurel crowns cleave to deserts,\\nAnd power to him who power exerts. ix, 229.\\n18. From the age of thirteen or fourteen Emerson thought\\nhis children should be encouraged as much as possible to regu-\\nlate their own conduct. He did not fear to inculcate, even at\\nthis age, the whole of his own doctrine of self-reliance. To one\\nof his daughters, who was away from home at school, he writes\\nFinish every day and be done with it. For manners and for\\nwise living, it is a vice to remember. You have done what you\\ncould some blunders and absurdities no doubt crept in forget\\nthem as soon as you can. To-morrow is a new day you shall\\nbegin it well and serenely, and with too high a spirit to be cum-\\nbered with your old nonsense. This day for all that is good and\\nfair. It is too dear, with its hopes and invitations, to waste a\\nmoment on the rotten yesterdays. Cabot, 489.\\nWe cannot overstate our debt to the Past, but the moment\\nhas the supreme claim. The Past is for us, but the sole terms\\non which it can become ours are its subordination to the Present.\\nviii, 193.\\n1. See Woodnotes, 8, 10, and note, p. 45; Appendix, p. 88.\\n2. Here is a naturalist who sees the flower and the bud", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "ETIENNE BE LA BOECE. 75\\nAt rich men s tables eaten bread and pulse\\nUnarmed, faced danger with a heart of trust\\nAnd loved so well a high behavior, 5\\nIn man or maid, that thou from speech refrained,\\nNobility more nobly to repay\\nO, be my friend, and teach me to be thine\\nETIENNE DE LA BOECE.*\\nI serve you not, if you I follow,\\nShadow-like, o er hill and hollow\\nwith a poet s curiosity and awe, and does not count the stamens\\nin the aster, nor the feathers in the wood-thrush, but rests in the\\nsurprise and affection they awake. Emerson s Preface to W.\\nE. Channing s Poems. Cf. ix, 123, 314; vi, 265; vii, 174; iv, 16.\\n3. Hast thou declined wine from principle, and chosen plain\\nfood for health What I must do is all that concerns me, not\\nwhat people think. It is easy in the world to live after the\\nworld s opinion it is easy in solitude to live after our own but\\nthe great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with\\nperfect sweetness the independence of solitude. ii. 55.\\n4. Like George Nidiver, Courage, vii, 261. Read the ballad.\\n6. If it were possible to live in right relations with men\\nCould we not deal with a few persons with one person after\\nthe unwritten statutes, and make an experiment of their efficacy\\nCould we not pay our friend the compliment of truth, of silence,\\nof forbearing (iii, 110) like the spirits that ministered to\\nSaadi:\\nThey spoke not, for their earnest sense\\nOutran the craft of eloquence. ix, 259.\\nThis name Emerson got from his favorite Montaigne. In\\nRepresentative Men, iv, 155, he tells how his love began and\\ngrew for this admirable gossip. From this poem, what should\\nyou think were the relations between Montaigne and Etienne de\\nla Bodce See Appendix, p. 93.\\n2. Thank God for these good men, but say I also am a man.\\nImitation cannot go above its model. The imitator dooms him-", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "76 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nAnd bend my fancy to your leading,\\nAll too nimble for my treading.\\nWhen the pilgrimage is done, 5\\nAnd we ve the landscape overrun,\\nI am bitter, vacant, thwarted,\\nAnd your heart is unsupported.\\nVainly valiant, you have missed\\nThe manhood that should yours resist, 10\\nIts complement but if I could,\\nIn severe or cordial mood,\\nLead you rightly to my altar,\\nWhere the wisest Muses falter,\\nAnd worship that world-warming spark 15\\nWhich dazzles me in midnight dark,\\nEqualizing small and large,\\nWhile the soul it doth surcharge,\\nTill the poor is wealthy grown,\\nAnd the hermit never alone, 20\\nThe traveller and the road seem one\\nWith the errand to be done,\\nThat were a man s and lover s part,\\nThat were Freedom s whitest chart.\\nself to hopeless mediocrity. i, 143. We mark with light\\nin the memory the few interviews we have had, in the dreary\\nyears of routine and sin, with souls that made our souls wiser\\nthat spoke what we thought that told us what we knew that\\ngave us leave to be what we inly were. i, 144. Cf. ii, 81, 48.\\nPower fraternizes with power, and wishes you not to be like\\nhim, but like yourself. Echo the leaders and they will fast\\nenough see that you have nothing for them. They come to you\\nfor something they had not. xii, 27. See Friendship, ii, 186,\\n193, 204. Better be a nettle in the side of your friend than\\nhis echo. ii. 199.\\nT is not within the force of fate\\nThe fate-conjoined to separate. Threnody, ix, 136.\\n21. See iv, 49 ff.; Brahma, ix, 170, E. W. E. 229; ii, 252.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "FRIENDSHIP. 77\\nFRIENDSHIP.\\nA RUDDY drop of manly blood\\nThe surging sea outweighs,\\nThe world uncertain comes and goes\\nThe lover rooted stays.\\nI fancied he was fled, 5\\nAnd, after many a year,\\nGlowed unexhausted kindliness,\\nLike daily sunrise there.\\nMy careful heart was free again,\\nO friend, my bosom said, 10\\nThrough thee alone the sky is arched,\\nThrough thee the rose is red\\nAll things through thee take nobler form,\\nAnd look beyond the earth,\\nThe mill-round of our fate appears is\\nA sun-path in thy worth.\\nMe too. thy nobleness has taught\\nTo master my despair\\nThe fountains of my hidden life\\nAre through thy friendship fair. 20\\n5. The condition which high friendship demands is ability to\\ndo without it. That high office requires great and sublime\\nparts. There must be very two before there can be very one.\\nFriendship, ii, 199, 200. Read the whole Essay.\\n15. Thy worth dignifies the humdrum of our daily round of\\nduties into the revolution of a sun. Compare Hermione, ix, 89,\\nand Wordsworth s Lucy poems, Riv. Lit. No. 76, pp. 35-38.\\nThere are two elements that go to the composition of friend-\\nship. One is truth (ii, 193). The other is tenderness (ii, 195).\\nThe essence of friendship is entireness, a total magnanimity and\\ntrust. It treats its object as a god, that it may deify both.\\nii, 205, 206.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "78 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nGOOD-BYE.*\\nGood-bye, proud world I m going home\\nThou art not my friend, and I m not thine.\\nLong through thy weary crowds I roam\\nA river-ark on the ocean brine,\\nIn sending these verses to his friend, James Freeman Clarke,\\nEmerson wrote, February 27, 1839: They were written sixteen\\nyears ago, when I kept school in Boston, and lived in a corner\\nof Roxbury called Canterbury. They have a slight misanthropy,\\na shade deeper than belongs to me and, as it seems nowadays I\\nam a philosopher and am grown to have opinions, I think they\\nmust have an apologetic date, though I well know that poetry\\nthat needs a date is no poetry, and so you will wiselier suppress\\nthem. Emerson omitted these verses from his Selected Poeins,\\npartly perhaps because they were popularly supposed to allude\\nto his separation from his Bostou parish (which, however, did\\nnot take place until 1832), or to some earlier exclusion from\\nBoston society. But there is no other indication of any such\\nthing, and the following passage in his Journal, written at this\\ntime (April, 1824), and containing no doubt the germ of the\\npoem, has the word apocryphal written after it: There are\\nharder crosses to bear than poverty, or sickness, or death. Are\\nyou armed with the supreme stoicisim of a pure heart and a\\nlowly mind Can you hear, unconcerned, Pride s supercilious\\ntaunt and Derision s obstreperous laugh Can you lift a serene\\nface against the whisper that poisons your name with obloquy\\nCan you set unconquerable virtue against the seductions of the\\nflesh Can you give the care of the tongue to charity and cau-\\ntion Can you resist the soft encroachments of sloth, and force\\nyour mind and your body to that activity which duty demands\\nThese are the real difficulties which appall and press heavy\\nupon a serious mind. Cabot, 84. These sentiments of the\\nyouth of one and twenty always sounded unfamiliar, if not\\nmorbid, to the mature author but the rhythm of the lines is\\nunique among the poet s verses.\\nFor a view of the Canterbury house and other interesting\\nmemorials, see Dr. David Greene Haskins s Emerson s Maternal", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "GOOD-BYE. 79\\nLong I ve been tossed like the driven foam 5\\nBut now, proud world I m going home.\\nGood-bye to Flattery s fawning face\\nTo Grandeur with his wise grimace\\nTo upstart Wealth s averted eye\\nTo supple Office, low and high 10\\nTo crowded halls, to court and street\\nTo frozen hearts and hasting feet\\nTo those who go, and those who come\\nGood-bye, proud world I m going home.\\nI am going to my own hearth-stone, 15\\nBosomed in yon green hills alone,\\nA secret nook in a pleasant land,\\nWhose groves the frolic fairies planned\\nWhere arches green, the livelong day,\\nEcho the blackbird s roundelay, 20\\nAnd vulgar feet have never trod\\nA spot that is sacred to thought and God.\\nO, when I am safe in my sylvan home,\\nI tread on the pride of Greece and Kome\\nAnd when I am stretched beneath the pines, 25\\nWhere the evening star so holy shines,\\nAncestors, Boston, 1887, pp. 85, 149. The Boston Park Com-\\nmission sold the house for twenty dollars on June 2, 1884 but\\nthey have named a portion of Franklin Park Schoolmaster s\\nHill, and in the natural rock at one end of the Outlook over-\\nlooking Canterbury Street have set a bronze plate, inscribed\\nNear this Rock, A. d. 1823-1825 was the house of School-\\nmaster Ralph Waldo Emerson. Here some of his earlier poems\\nwere written among them that from which the following lines\\nare taken. And then the last stanza of this poem is quoted, a\\nmost fitting memorial of the interesting spot and its associations.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "80 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nI laugh at the lore and the pride of man,\\nAt the sophist schools and the learned clan\\nFor what are they all, in their high conceit,\\nWhen man in the bush with God may meet\\nCHARACTER.*\\nThe sun set, but set not his hope\\nStars rose his faith was earlier up\\nFixed on the enormous galaxy,\\nDeeper and older seemed his eye\\nAnd matched his sufferance sublime s\\nThe taciturnity of time.\\nHe spoke, and words more soft than rain\\nBrought the Age of Gold again\\nHis action won such reverence sweet\\nAs hid all measure of the feat. 10\\nAlthough these lines were suggested by the character of Em-\\nerson s brother, Edward Bliss Emerson, nothing could more fitly\\ndescribe the character and manner of Emerson himself than this\\nmotto, taken from The Poet, an early poem never published by\\nhim, but included in the appendix to the volume issued after his\\ndeath. On the impression made by Emerson s bodily presence,\\nsee his son s charming picture of the citizen and villager and\\nhouseholder, the friend and neighbor, E. W. E., 147-149;\\nLowell, Emerson the Lecturer, in the Riverside Edition of his\\nworks, i, 349-360; chaps, viii and xvi of Cabot; chaps, xiv and\\nxviii of Cooke; chap, xvi of Holmes; and the numerous reminis-\\ncences by personal friends like C. A. Bartol, E. P. Whipple, O.\\nB. Frothingham, F. B. Sanborn, Alex. Ireland, George Brad-\\nford, M. D. Conway, J. B. Thayer, W. H. Furness, and others.\\nSee, especially, The Portraits of Emerson (illus.), by F. B.\\nSanborn, in the New England Magazine, December, 1896.\\n7. His voice had a great charm (Cabot, 570), his smile was\\na sunbeam in his face (Cooke, 193), and his whole manner was", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "TERMINUS. 81\\nTERMINUS.*\\nIt is time to be old,\\nTo take in sail\\nThe god of bounds,\\nWho sets to seas a shore,\\nCame to me in his fatal rounds, 5\\nAnd said No more\\nNo farther shoot\\nThy broad ambitious branches, and thy root.\\nFancy departs no more invent\\nContract thy firmament 10\\nTo compass of a tent.\\nThere s not enough for this and that,\\nMake thy option which of two\\nEconomize the failing river,\\nNot the less revere the Giver, 15\\nLeave the many and hold the few.\\nnoble and gracious (0. W. H., 360). There was a majesty\\nabout him beyond all other men I have known, and he habitually\\ndwelt in that ampler and diviner air to which most of us, if\\never, only rise in spurts, writes Lowell. He is as sweetly\\nhigh-minded as ever, and when one meets him the Fall of Adam\\nseems a false report. See Appendix, p. 94.\\nEmerson s son, returning from the West, December, I860,\\nmet his father in New York, just setting out for his winter s lec-\\nturing in the West, and spent the night with him. He read\\nme some poems, he writes, that he was soon to publish in\\nhis new volume, May-Day, and among them Terminus. I was\\nstartled for he, looking so healthy, so full of life and young in\\nspirit, was reading his deliberate acknowledgment of failing\\nforces and his trusting serene acquiescence. I think he smiled as\\nhe read. E. W. E., 183. The poem is one of his noblest,\\nsays Dr. Holmes he could not fold his robes about him with\\nmore of serene dignity than in these solemn lines.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "82 LIFE AND CHARACTER.\\nTimely wise accept the terms,\\nSoften the fall with wary foot\\nA little while\\nStill plan and smile, 20\\nAnd, fault of novel germs,\\nMature the unfallen fruit.\\nCurse, if thou wilt, thy sires,\\nBad husbands of their fires,\\nWho, when they gave thee breath, 25\\nFailed to bequeath\\nThe needful sinew stark as once,\\nThe Baresark marrow to thy bones,\\nBut left a legacy of ebbing veins,\\nInconstant heat and nerveless reins, 30\\nAmid the Muses, left thee deaf and dumb,\\nAmid the gladiators, halt and numb.\\nAs the bird trims her to the gale,\\nI trim myself to the storm of time,\\nI man the rudder, reef the sail, 35\\nObey the voice at eve obeyed at prime\\nLowly faithful, banish fear,\\nRight onward drive unharmed\\nThe port, well worth the cruise, is near,\\nAnd every wave is charmed. 40\\n23-32. Cf. the fragments, written in feeble health, 1827-31,\\nix, 290-292\\nand\\nI bear in youth the sad infirmities\\nThat use to undo the limb and sense of age, etc (1827).\\nBe of good cheer, brave spirit steadfastly\\nServe that low whisper thou hast served, etc. (1831).\\n37. O friend, never strike sail to a fear Come into port\\ngreatly, or sail with God the seas. Not in vain yon live, for\\nevery passing eye is cheered and refined by the vision. Heroism,\\nii, 244.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nSome of the longer illustrative notes have been reserved for\\nan appendix, in order to relieve the page where they properly\\nbelong. Another editor, or the same editor under different cir-\\ncumstances, might easily select other passages equally appropri-\\nate. For educational purposes, it is much more profitable for\\nthe pupil to read and select the passages himself and teachers\\nshould encourage such reading, selecting special topics for search,\\nand giving hints when necessary. For those who have not the\\nRiverside edition of the prose works at hand, the following\\nselections are appended as specimens of what may be gleaned by\\nsympathetic reading it is to be hoped, however, that all teach-\\ners who may use this selection will be provided with a set, and\\nwill read, or have read, to the class, at least the passages referred\\nto in the notes.\\nPage 1. Concord Hymn. Emerson s Historical Discourse at\\nConcord, 1835, which contains a contemporary account of the\\nbattle from his grandfather s diary (xi, 76-80), gives a vigorous\\nprose version of the events compressed into the four simple\\nstanzas of the hymn. The first stanza serves most appropriately\\nas the inscription upon the second battle monument, set up in\\n1875. See Boston, 63, note, p. 13.\\nPage 2. Right thoufeelest, rush to do. The Southerner lives\\nfor the moment relies on himself and conquers by personal\\naddress. He is wholly there in that thing which is now to be\\ndone. The Northerner lives for the year, and does not rely on\\nhimself, but on the whole apparatus of means he is wont to\\nemploy he is only half present when he comes in person he\\nhas a great reserved force which is coming up. The result cor-\\nresponds. The Southerner is haughty, wilful, generous, unscru-\\npulous will have his way and has it. The Northerner must\\nthink the thing over, and his conscience and his common-sense\\nthrow a thousand obstacles between himself and his wishes,", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "84 APPENDIX.\\nwhich perplex his decision and unsettle his behavior. The\\nNortherner always has the advantage at the end of ten years,\\nand the Southerner always has the advantage to-day. (From a\\nlecture on New England, 1843, quoted in Cabot, 594.) How\\nwas this distinction between the impulsive and reflective tempera-\\nment illustrated by the behavior of the North during the twenty\\nyears succeeding this lecture How by the conduct of Emerson\\nhimself\\nPage 2. Tis man s perdition to be safe,\\nWhen for the truth he ought to die.\\nThis noble quatrain is inscribed on the monument at Soldier s\\nField, the playground of Harvard College, dedicated to the\\nmemory of the donor s classmates who gave up their lives on\\nthe battlefield. Quoted also in the Essay on Character, x, 98.\\nWhen, in the winter of 1838, Emerson had moved his culti-\\nvated Boston hearers with his lecture on Heroism, and carried\\nthem with him in full tide of sympathy with unselfish courage\\nto the death, in causes forlorn until the hero assumed them, he\\nsuddenly said, looking in their eyes The day never shines in\\nwhich this element may not work. It is but the other day\\nthat the brave Lovejoy gave his breast to the bullets of the mob,\\nfor the rights of free speech and opinion, and died when it was\\nbetter not to live. ii, 247. A cold shudder ran through the\\naudience at the calm braving of public opinion, says an eye-\\nwitness. E. W. E., 85. Cf Cabot, 586. The audience had\\nbeen carried on and lifted up by the speaker s celebrations of\\nheroism in other lands and ancient times, but when he recognized\\na hero in the lynched abolitionist they were wholly unprepared\\nfor this unexpected turn and shock. Conway, 300.\\nPage 5. Heroism. Self-trust is the essence of heroism. It is\\nthe state of the soul at war, and its ultimate objects are the last\\ndefiance of falsehood and wrong, and the power to bear all that\\ncan be inflicted by evil agents. It speaks the truth, and it is just,\\ngenerous, hospitable, temperate, scornful of petty calculations,\\nand scornful of being scorned. It persists it is of an undoubted\\nboldness, and of a fortitude not to be wearied out. Its jest is the\\nlittleness of common life. That false prudence which dotes on\\nhealth and wealth is the butt and merriment of heroism. Hero-\\nism, like Plotinus, is almost ashamed of its body. What shall\\nit say, then, to the sugar-plums and cats -cradles, to the toilet,\\ncompliments, quarrels, cards, and custard which rack the wit of", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 85\\nall society What joys has kind nature provided for us dear\\ncreatures There seems to be no interval between greatness\\nand meanness. When the spirit is not master of the world, then\\nit is its dupe. Yet the little man takes the great hoax so inno-\\ncently, works in it so headlong and believing, is born red and\\ndies gray, arranging his toilet, attending to his own health, lay-\\ning traps for sweet food and strong wine, setting his heart on a\\nhorse or a rifle, made happy with a little gossip or a little praise,\\nthat the great soul cannot choose but laugh at such earnest non-\\nsense. ii, 237, 238.\\nThe natural measure of this power (character) is the resist-\\nance of circumstances. Impure men consider life as it is re-\\nflected in opinions, events, and persons. They cannot see the\\naction until it is done. Yet its moral element preexisted in the\\nactor, and its quality as right or wrong it was easy to predict.\\nFeeble souls look at the profit or hurt of the action. They never\\nbehold a principle until it is lodged in a person. The hero sees\\nthat the event is ancillary it must follow him. iii, 96, 265.\\nRead the essays on Self-Reliance, Spiritual Laws, and Over-\\nSoul, and select from other works of Emerson other expressions\\nof this cardinal principle of his philosophy. See pp. 72, 92.\\nPage 6. The word of the Lord by night,\\nTo the watching Pilgrims came.\\nWhat brought the Pilgrims here One man says, civil lib-\\nerty another, the desire of founding a church and a third\\ndiscovers that the motive force was plantation and trade. But\\nif the Puritans could rise from the dust, they could not an-\\nswer. It is to be seen in what they were, and not in what they\\ndesigned it was the growth and expansion of the human race,\\nand resembled herein the sequent Revolution, which was not\\nbegun in Concord, or Lexington, or Virginia, but was the over-\\nflowing of the sense of natural right in every clear and active\\nspirit of the period. Method of Nature, i, 208, 209. Compare\\nthe lecture on Results, 1843, Cabot, 748.\\nPage 8. T is nobleness to serve.\\nHe that feeds men serveth few,\\nHe serves all who dares be true. ix, 105.\\nPage 9. Pay ransom to the owner. Emerson, at the beginning\\nof the anti-slavery conflict, advocated purchase. I say buy,\\nnever conceding the right of the planter to own, but that we\\nmay acknowledge the calamity of his position, and bear a coun-", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "86 APPENDIX.\\ntryman s share in relieving him and because it is the only\\npracticable course and is innocent. Cabot, 592 O. W. H., 211.\\nA thousand millions were cheap. Cabot, 584. How many\\nmillions did the war cost Neither side approved Emerson s\\nplan and when the settlement was taking place, as Dr. Holmes\\nsaid, in a different currency, in steel and not in gold, Em-\\nerson adapted his plan to the new situation in this fiery stanza.\\nPage 10. The world was made for honest trade. In one of\\nEmerson s latest public utterances, the address on The\\nScholar, at the University of Virginia, June 28, 1876, he ex-\\npresses again his oft-repeated sympathy with the man of affairs.\\nThe scholar has a deep ideal interest in the moving show\\naround him. We have have we not? a real relation to\\nmarkets and brokers, and currency and coin. Gentlemen, I do\\nnot wish to check your impulses to action. I have no quarrel\\nwith action only I prefer no action to misaction, and I reject the\\nabusive application of the term practical to those lower activities.\\nLet us hear no more of the practical men, or I will tell you some-\\nthing of them, this, namely, that the scholar finds in them un-\\nlooked-for acceptance of his most paradoxical experience. There\\nis confession in their eyes; and if they parade their business and\\npublic importance, it is by way of apology and palliation for not\\nbeing the students and obeyers of those diviner laws. Talk\\nfrankly with them and you learn that you have little to tell them\\nthat the Spirit of the Age has been before you with influences\\nimpossible to parry or resist. The dry goods men and the\\nbrokers, the lawyers and the manufacturers, are idealists, and\\nonly differ from the philosopher in the intensity of the charge. We\\nare all contemporaries and bones of one body. x, 256. Cf. i, 95.\\nPage 15. Boston. Compare Emerson s righteous indignation\\nupon the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 We can-\\nnot answer for the Union, but we must keep Massachusetts true.\\nLet the attitude of the State be firm. Massachusetts is a little\\nState. Countries have been great by ideas. Europe is little\\ncompared with Asia and Africa. Greece was the least part of\\nEurope. Attica is a little part of that, one tenth of the size of\\nMassachusetts, yet that district still rules the intellects of men.\\nJudsea was a petty country. Yet these two, Greece and Judsea\\nfurnish the mind and the heart by which the rest of the world is\\nsustained. And Massachusetts is little, but we must make it\\ngreat by making every man in it true. Let us respect the", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 87\\nUnion to all honest ends, but let us also respect an older and\\nwider union, the laws of nature and rectitude. Massachusetts\\nis as strong as the universe when it does that. Cabot, 584.\\nSuch a man as Emerson belongs to no one town or province\\nor continent he is the common property of mankind and yet we\\nlove to think of him as breathing the same air and treading the\\nsame soil that we and our fathers and our children have breathed\\nand trodden. So it pleases us to think how fondly he remem-\\nbered his birthplace and by the side of Franklin s bequest to\\nhis native city we treasure that golden verse of Emerson s,\\nA blessing through the ages thus, etc. O. W. H., 407.\\nPage 38. Two Rivers. The Journal of 1856 shows the Two\\nRivers, perhaps the most musical of his poems, as the thought\\nfirst came to him by the river-bank, and was then brought into\\nform.\\nThy voice is sweet, Musketaquid, and repeats the music of\\nthe rain but sweeter is the silent stream which flows even through\\nthee, as thou through the land.\\nThou art shut in thy banks, but the stream I love flows in\\nthy water, and flows through rocks, and through the air, and\\nthrough rays of light as well, and through darkness, and through\\nmen and women.\\nI hear and see the inundation and the eternal spending of\\nthe stream in winter and in summer, in men and animals, in\\npassion and thought. Happy are they who can hear it.\\nI see thy brimming, eddying stream\\nAnd thy enchantment,\\nFor thou changest every rock in thy bed\\nInto a gem,\\nAll is opal and agate,\\nAnd at will thou pavest with diamonds\\nTake them away from the stream\\nAnd they are poor shards and flints.\\nSo it is with me to-day. E. W. E., 232.\\nPage 39. Sea-Shore. The day after his return to Concord\\n(from a week s stay on Cape Ann), writes Emerson s son, he\\nentered my mother s room, where all of us were sitting, with\\nhis Journal in his hand, and said I came in yesterday from\\nwalking on the rocks, and wrote down what the sea had said to\\nme and to-day, when I open my book, I find that it all reads in\\nblank verse, with scarcely a change. Listen And he read it\\nto us. Here is the passage from the Journal, which needed little", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "88 APPENDIX.\\nalteration, part of which he made while reading, for its final\\nform, Sea-Shore\\nJuly 23. Returned from Pigeon Cove, where we have\\nmade acquaintance with the sea for seven days. T is a noble,\\nfriendly power, and seemed to say to me, Why so late and slow\\nto come to me Am I not here always, thy proper summer\\nhome Is not my voice thy needful music my breath thy\\nhealthful climate in the heats my touch thy cure Was ever\\nbuilding like my terraces Was ever couch so magnificent as\\nmine Lie down on my warm ledges, and learn that a very\\nlittle hut is all you need. I have made this architecture super-\\nfluous, and it is paltry beside mine. Here are twenty Homes and\\nNinevehs and Karnacs in ruins together, obelisk and pyramid\\nand Giants Causeway; here they all are, prostrate or half piled.\\nAnd behold the sea, the opaline, plentiful and strong, yet beauti-\\nful as the rose or the rainbow, full of food, nourisher of men,\\npurger of the world, creating a sweet climate, and in its un-\\nchangeable ebb and flow, and in its beauty at a few furlongs,\\ngiving a hint of that which changes not and is perfect.\\nE. W.E.,22A.\\nPage 48. It seemed as if the sparrows taught him. He knew\\nhow to sit immovable, a part of the rock he rested on, until the\\nbird, the reptile, the fish, which had retired from him, should\\ncome back and resume its habits, nay, moved by curiosity,\\nshould come to him and watch him. Snakes coiled round\\nhis leg the fishes swam into his hand (Conway, 287, 313), and\\nhe took them out of the water he pulled the woodchuck out of\\nits hole by the tail, and took the foxes under his protection\\nfrom the hunters. Though a naturalist, he used neither\\ntrap nor gun. Thoreau, x, 437, 440. Cf. x, 152.\\nPage 48. Many haps fall in the field. He noted what re-\\npeatedly befell him, that after receiving from a distance a\\nrare plant, he would presently find the same in his own haunts,\\nand those pieces of luck which happen only to good players hap-\\npened to him. One day, walking with a stranger, who inquired\\nwhere Indian arrow-heads could be found, he replied, Every-\\nwhere, and, stooping forward, picked one on the instant from\\nthe ground. At Mt. Washington, in Tuckerman s Ravine,\\nThoreau had a bad fall, and sprained his foot. As he was in\\nthe act of getting up from his fall, he saw for the first time the\\nleaves of the Arnica 7nollis. x, 432.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 89\\nPage 48. He saw the partridge drum in the woods. His\\npowers of observation seemed to indicate additional senses.\\nHe saw as with microscope, heard as with ear-trumpet, and his\\nmemory was a photographic register of all he saw and heard.\\nAnd yet none knew better than he that it is not the fact that\\nimports but the impression or effect of the fact on your mind.\\nEvery fact lay in glory in his mind, a type of the order and\\nbeauty of the whole. x, 439.\\nPage 52. To the open ear it sings, Sweet the genesis of things.\\nNATURE.\\nA subtle chain of countless rings\\nThe next unto the farthest brings\\nThe eye reads omens where it goes,\\nAnd speaks all languages the rose\\nAnd striving to be man, the worm\\nMounts through all the spires of form. i, 7.\\nThis was published as early as 1849, ten years before Darwin s\\nOrigin of Species it may have been written as early as Nature\\nitself, for the same thought occurs in a lecture on Humanity of\\nScience, December 15, 1836: Lamarck finds a monad of organic\\nlife common to every animal, and becoming a worm, a mastiff,\\nor a mau, according to circumstances. He says to the cater-\\npillar, How dost thou, brother Please God, you shall yet be\\na philosopher. Cabot, 725. And in his second public lecture,\\nOn the Relation of Man to the Globe, December, 1832, we find\\nsimilar ready acceptance of radical hints from the scientific\\nmen The brother of the hand existed ages ago in the nipper\\nof the seal. Cf.\\nAnd the poor grass shall plot and plan\\nWhat it will do when it is man.\\nBacchus, ix, 112.\\nOnward and on, the eternal Pan,\\nWho layeth the world s incessant plan,\\nHalteth never in one shape,\\nBut forever doth escape,\\nLike wave or flame, into new forms\\nOf gem and air, of plants and worms.\\nWoodnotes, II, ix, 56.\\nIn a similar way Emerson anticipated the telephone, writing\\nin 1855, when daguerreotypes were just becoming common\\nBy new arts the Earth is subdued, and we are on the brink of\\nnew wonders. The Sun paints presently we shall organize the\\necho as we now do the shadow. Cabot, 584.\\nPage 02. yielded myself to the perfect ivhole. Cf. Michael", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "90 APPENDIX.\\nAngelo, xii, 118 Nature, chap, hi, i, 29; vi, 287, 288. Nature and\\nMichael Angelo were almost the earliest of Emerson s printed\\nworks, Nature, the first clear manifesto of Emerson s genius,\\nbegun in 1833, published in 1836 and Michael Angelo, one of\\nhis first lectures, in January, 1835, published January, 1837\\nand this fundamental doctrine, thus early enunciated, was re-\\npeated with variations, not only in the essays on Art, ii, 327\\n(1836), Beauty, vi, 265, and Art, viii, 39, but in almost every-\\nthing he wrote, from the Journal at sea, September 8, 1833,\\nIt is the old revelation that perfect beauty is perfect good-\\nness {Cabot, 202), to the Virginia Address, June 28, 1876\\n(the last utterance not previously delivered as a lecture), in\\nwhich he commends the First G ood, of which Plato affirms\\nthat all things are for its sake, and it is the cause of everything\\nbeautiful. x, 258; E. W. E., 254.\\nThou canst not wave thy staff in air,\\nOr dip thy paddle in the lake,\\nBut it carves the bow of beauty there,\\nAnd the ripples in rhymes the oar forsake.\\nWoodnotes, II, ix, 53.\\nAs for beauty, said Ellery Channing, voyaging on Concord\\nRiver with Emerson, I need not look beyond an oar s length\\nfor my fill of it. I do not know whether he used the expres-\\nsion with design or no, writes Emerson in his Journal (1846),\\nbut my eye rested on the charming play of light on the water\\nwhich he was striking with his paddle. I fancied I had never\\nseen such color, such transparency, such eddies. And the be-\\nwitching succession of the colors he saw, he subsequently re-\\nproduced in the above equally beautiful and rhythmic verses.\\nPage 65. The hand that rounded Peter s dome\\nWrought in a sad sincerity.\\nFew lives of eminent men are harmonious few that furnish,\\nin all the facts, an image corresponding with their fame. But\\nall things recorded of Michael Angelo Buonarotti agree together.\\nHe lived one life he pursued one career. He accomplished ex-\\ntraordinary works he uttered extraordinary words and in this\\ngreatness was so little eccentricity, so true was he to the laws\\nof the human mind, that his character and his works, like Sir\\nIsaac Newton s, seem rather a part of nature than arbitrary\\nproductions of the human will. He nothing common did,\\nor mean, and, dying at the end of near ninety years, had not yet\\nbecome old, but was engaged in executing his grand conceptions", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 91\\nin the ineffaceable architecture of St. Peter s. He was not\\na citizen of any country he belonged to the human race he\\nwas a brother and a friend to all who acknowledge the beauty\\nthat beams in universal nature, and who seek by labor and self-\\ndenial to approach its source in perfect goodness. Michael\\nAngelo, xii, 115, 116, 142.\\nPage 65. Himself from God he could not free\\nHe builded better than he knew\\nThe conscious stone to beauty grew.\\nThe Genius of the Hour sets his ineffaceable seal on the\\nartist s work, and gives it an inexpressible charm for the imagi-\\nnation. As far as the spiritual character of the period over-\\npowers the artist and finds expression in his work, so far it will\\nretain a certain grandeur, and will represent to future beholders\\nthe Unknown, the Inevitable, the Divine. No man can quite\\nexclude this element of Necessity from his labor. No man can\\nquite emancipate himself from his age and country, or produce\\na model in which the education, the religion, the politics, usages,\\nand arts of his times shall have no share. Though he were\\nnever so original, never so wilful and fantastic, he cannot wipe\\nout of his work every trace of the thoughts amidst which it grew.\\nThe very avoidance betrays the usage he avoids. Above his will\\nand out of his sight he is necessitated by the air he breathes, and\\nthe idea on which he and his contemporaries live and toil, to\\nshare the manner of his times, without knowing what that man-\\nner is. Now that which is inevitable in the work has a higher\\ncharm than individual talent can ever give, inasmuch as the\\nartist s pen or chisel seems to have been held and guided by a\\ngigantic hand to inscribe a line in the history of the human race.\\nii, 328. See page 92.\\nPage 66. For out of Thought s interior sphere\\nThese wonders rose to upper air.\\nThe universal soul is the alone creator of the useful and the\\nbeautiful therefore, to make anything useful or beautiful, the\\nindividual must be submitted to the universal mind. He\\nseems to take his task so minutely from imitations of Nature\\nthat his works become as it were hers, and he is no longer free.\\nThe artist who is to produce a work which is to be ad-\\nmired, not by his friends or his townspeople or his contempora-\\nries, but by all men, and which is to be more beautiful to the\\neye in proportion to its culture, must disindividualize himself", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "92 APPENDIX.\\nand be a man of no party and no manner and no age, but one\\nthrough whom the soul of all men circulate as the common air\\nthrough his lungs (like Michael Angelo, p. 90, above). He\\nmust work in the spirit in which we conceive a prophet to speak,\\nor an angel of the Lord to act that is, he is not to speak his\\nown words, or do his own works, or think his own thoughts, but\\nhe is to be an organ through which the universal mind acts.\\nThe wonders of Shakspeare are things which he saw whilst he\\nstood aside, and then returned to record them. Good poetry\\ncould not have been otherwise written than it is. The first time\\nyou hear it, it sounds rather as if copied out of some invisible\\ntablet in the Eternal mind than as if arbitrarily composed by\\nthe poet. The feeling of all great poets has accorded with this.\\nThey found the verse, not made it. The muse brought it to\\nthem. vii, 44, 45, 51-53. Cf. i, 201. Does this apply to\\nThe Problem The volume of Emerson s Poems seems\\nto open at this place of its own accord, and the thrilling lines\\nhave been so often read that they seem to have always existed,\\nwrites a critic {North American Review, 130 495), who thinks\\nthat this poem, as a whole, has more depth of thought, imag-\\ninative insight, and power of expression than any since the time\\nof Milton.\\nPage 66. The passive Master lent his hand\\nTo the vast soul that o er him planned.\\nHe knows that he did not make his thought, no, his\\nthought made him, and made the sun and stars. We can-\\nnot look at works of art but they teach us how near man is to\\ncreating. Michael Angelo is largely filled with the Creator that\\nmade and makes men. How much of the original craft remains\\nin him, and he a mortal man In him and the like perfecter\\nbrains the instinct is resistless, knows the right way, is melodi-\\nous, and at all points divine. viii, 42.\\nPage 72. Sursum Corda. A man is relieved and gay when\\nhe has put his heart into his work and done his best, but what\\nhe has said or done otherwise shall give him no peace. It is a\\ndeliverance which does not deliver. In the attempt his genius\\ndeserts him no muse befriends no invention, no hope. Trust\\nthyself every heart vibrates to that iron string. ii, 49.\\n9. Welcome evermore to gods and men is the self-helping\\nman. For him all doors are flung wide him all tongues greet,\\nall honors crown, all eyes follow with desire. Our love goes", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 93\\nout to him and embraces him because he did not need it. We\\nsolicitously and apologetically caress and celebrate him because\\nhe held on his way and scorned our disapprobation. The gods\\nlove him because men hated him. To the persevering mor-\\ntal, said Zoroaster, the blessed Immortals are swift. ii, 77.\\nHe who confronts the gods without any misgiving knows\\nheaven. iii, 108. Cf. The World-Soul, 93, p. 58. In other\\nwords, the renunciation of the claim to happiness is the begin-\\nning of happiuess, as Emerson s friend Carlyle had said in Sar-\\ntor Resartus (1833) The Fraction of Life can be increased in\\nvalue not so much by increasing your Numerator as by lessening your\\nDenominator. Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, Unity itself\\ndivided by Zero will give Infinity. Make thy claim of wages\\na zero, then thou hast the world under thy feet. There\\nis in man a higher than Love of Happiness he can do with-\\nout happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness. Do\\nthe Duty ivhich lies nearest thee which thou knowest to be a\\nDuty thy second Duty will already become clearer. The Sit-\\nuation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied\\nby man. Yes, here in this poor, miserable, hampered Actual,\\nwherein even now thou standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal\\nwork it out therefrom and working believe, live, and be free.\\nUp, up Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with\\nthy whole might. Work while it is called To-day for the\\nNight cometh, wherein no man can work. The Everlasting\\nYea, Book II, chap. ix.\\nOn bravely through the sunshine and the showers\\nTime hath his work to do, and we have ours. x, 229.\\nPage 75. Stephen de la Boetie, 1530-1563. If a man urge\\nme to tell wherefore I loved him, writes Montaigne, I feele it\\ncannot be expressed, but by answering Because it was he, be-\\ncause it was my selfe. We sought one another before we\\nhad seene one another, and by the reports we heard of one\\nanother I thinke by some secret ordinance of the heavens, we\\nembraced one another by our names. And at our first meeting,\\nwhich was by chance at a great feast, we found our selves so\\nsurprised, so knowne, so acquainted, and so combinedly bound\\ntogether, that from thence forward, no thing was so neer unto\\nus as one unto another s. From the seven and twentieth chap-\\nter of the Essaycs, translated by John Florio (1003), which con-", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "94 APPENDIX.\\ntains an account of this friendship, that it may be counted a\\nwonder if fortune once in three ages contract the like. Cf.\\nLewes, Life of Goethe.\\nPage 80. His action won such reverence sweet\\nAs hid all measure of the feat.\\nThere is a vague nobleness and thorough sweetness about\\nhim, wrote Harriet Martineau, which move people to their\\nvery depths without their being able to explain why. The logi-\\ncians have an incessant triumph over him, but their triumph is\\nof no avail. He conquers minds as well as hearts wherever\\nhe goes, and, without convincing anybody s reason of any one\\nthing, exalts their reason and makes their minds of more worth\\nthan they ever were before. Cf Cabot, 296, 297.\\nTo R. W. Emerson.\\nElmwood, October 14, 1868.\\nMy dear Sir, If you had known what a poem your two\\ntickets contained for me, how much they recalled, how many\\nvanished faces of thirty years ago, how much gratitude for all\\nyou have been and are to us younger men (a debt I always love\\nto acknowledge, though I can never repay it), you would not\\nhave dreamed of my not being an eager hearer during the whole\\ncourse. Even were I not sure (as I always am with you) of\\nhaving what is best in me heightened and strengthened, I should\\ngo, out of loyalty to what has been one of the great privileges of\\nmy life. I, for one,\\nObey the voice at eve obeyed at prime,\\nand you may be sure of one pair of ears in which the voice is\\nalways musical and magisterial too.\\nI am gratefully and affectionately\\nYour liegeman,\\nJ. R. Lowell.*\\nIt seems to us, to-day, that Emerson s best literary work in\\nprose and verse must live as long as the language lasts but\\nwhether it live or fade from memory, the influence of his great\\nand noble life and the spoken and written words which were its\\nexponents, blends, indestructible, with the enduring elements\\nof civilization.\\nOliver Wendell Holmes.\\nFrom The Letters of James Russell Lowell. Copyright, 1893, by Harper\\nBrothers.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC\\nAND OTHER AMERICAN ADDRESSES\\nWITH AN INTRODUCTION", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nPAGE\\nIntroduction 3\\nThe Fortune of the Republic 15\\nThe Young American 46\\nAmerican Civilization 76\\nThe Emancipation Proclamation 90\\nAbraham Lincoln 101\\nThe American Scholar 110", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nThe following collection of Essays is the first\\nselection from Emerson s writings which has been\\nissued in the Riverside Literature Series. The\\nnatural order of writers in American literature\\nmakes Longfellow, Hawthorne, Holmes, Lowell,\\nand Whittier precede Emerson, and both teachers\\nand scholars are likely to think of Emerson as\\nbelonging more exclusively to readers of mature\\nminds. Yet many of his most notable addresses\\nwere given before audiences of young men and\\nwomen, and out of the great body of his writings\\nit is not difficult to find many passages which go\\nstraight to the intelligence of boys and girls in\\nschool. The plan of this series forbids the use of\\nextracts, or many numbers might be filled with\\nstriking and appropriate passages from Emerson s\\nwritings but there are certain essays and ad-\\ndresses which, though they may contain some\\nknotty sentences, are in the main so interesting to\\nboys and girls who have begun to think, they are\\nso inspiring and yield s much to any one who wi21", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "4 INTRODUCTION.\\ntake a little trouble to use his mind, that it is ob-\\nviously desirable to bring them in convenient form\\nto the attention of schools. Some of the best\\nthings in literature we \u00c2\u00a9an get only by digging for\\nthem and there is great satisfaction in reading\\nagain and again masterpieces like the Essays in\\nthis collection, with a fresh pleasure in each read-\\ning as new ideas spring up in the mind of the\\nattentive reader.\\nThe fullest as it is the authoritative Life of\\nEmerson is that by his literary executor, Mr. J.\\nElliot Cabot but there is a shorter one in the\\nAmerican Men of Letters series by Dr. Oliver\\nWendell Holmes, and a personal sketch, Emerson\\nin Concord, by Dr. Edward W. Emerson, a son\\nof the poet. Mr. George Willis Cooke, in his\\nRalph Waldo Emerson, his Life, Writings, and\\nPhilosophy, supplies many interesting facts, and\\nhelps the student to an understanding of the philos-\\nopher. There has also been published The Corre-\\nspondence of Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo\\nEmerson, and a great number of review articles,\\nwhich may be found by consulting Poole s Index.\\nHis father, his grandfather, and his great-grand-\\nfather were all ministers, and indeed, on both his\\nfather s and mother s side, he belonged to an un-\\nbroken line of ministerial descent from the earliest\\nsettlers in New England. His ancestral home was", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 5\\nin Concord, Massachusetts, but at the time of his\\nbirth his father, the Rev. William Emerson, was\\nminister of the First Church congregation in Bos-\\nton. In Boston, then, he was born May 25, 1803.\\nHis father died when he was seven years old, but\\nhis mother continued to live in the parish house\\nand to care for her family of five boys and a girl,\\nall under ten years of age. Her one desire was to\\ngive these children an education, and for this she\\nbore privations and endured hardships, which they\\nshared bravely. During one year in the War of\\n1812, when the stoppage of commerce had made\\nprovisions high, Mrs. Emerson took her children\\nto Concord and lived with them in the Old Manse\\nwhich Hawthorne has described delightfully in his\\nintroduction to Mosses from an Old Manse. In\\nthat manse Emerson s grandfather was living when\\nthe Concord fight occurred.\\nEmerson was graduated at Harvard College in\\n1821, and after teaching a year or two gave him-\\nself to the study of divinity. He was not robust,\\nthere was a taint of consumption in the family, and\\nhe interrupted his study to travel in the South.\\nHis letters written at this time show that he was\\nrestless, and hard to be restrained within the\\nbounds of the ministerial profession as it was then\\nregarded in New England. He preached, however,\\nfrom 1827 to 1832, and was for four years a col-", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "6 INTRODUCTION.\\nleague pastor over the Second Church in Boston.\\nHis wife, whom he married in 1829, died in 1831,\\nand his own health was precarious. The work of\\na preacher was not distasteful, but he had no apti-\\ntude for pastoral work, and he was out of sympa-\\nthy with much that seemed to his associates essen-\\ntial in church order. The profession, which he had\\nentered almost from necessity, since there was no\\nother at that time in America which invited a stu-\\ndent of Emerson s gifts and tastes, no longer\\nseemed to him adjusted to his needs it slipped\\nfrom him, he resigned his pastorate; and though\\nhe preached occasionally afterward, he became\\nthereafter distinctly a writer, maintaining himself\\nmainly by lecturing, and living in a plain manner\\nat Concord.\\nThere was an intellectual ferment in New Eng-\\nland when Emerson was in his early manhood, and\\nhe was himself one of the special and active agents\\nin stirring the minds of men. Changes were tak-\\ning place in the way in which people looked at\\neducation, religion, politics, and society. A great\\nmany subjects were discussed for which there\\nseemed to be no place either in the pulpit or in\\nlegislatures, and those who had something to say\\nwere in great demand as lecturers. Public enter-\\ntainments were not so varied then as now, nor so\\ncommon, and people flocked to halls and meeting-", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 7\\nhouses to hear lectures. Emerson, though not the\\nmost popular, was the most celebrated of these lec-\\nturers, and frequently gave courses of lectures in\\nBoston and elsewhere. He was called upon also\\nto speak at college commencements and on other\\nspecial occasions, and it was rather through these\\nlectures and addresses than through his printed\\nbooks that, for a long time, he made himself\\nknown to men.\\nHe made a voyage to Europe in 1833 on ac-\\ncount of ill-health, and during his journey visited\\nThomas Carlyle, then scarcely more known than\\nEmerson himself, who had, however, discovered\\nhis genius in his writings. From this beginning\\nthere grew one of the notable friendships which\\nsometimes mark the association of intellectual men.\\nEmerson went to Europe again in 1847, with spe-\\ncial reference to courses of lectures which he had\\nbeen invited to give in England. He made a\\nthird visit in 1872, and on these two occasions\\nmade and renewed acquaintance with leading\\nthinkers and poets. Except for his lecturing tours\\nand these journeys, and for one made across the\\ncontinent in 1871 which has been agreeably re-\\ncorded by James Bradley Thayer in his little vol-\\nume, A Western Journey with Mr. Emerson, he\\nspent his life quietly in Concord. He was mar-\\nried a second time in 1835, and died at Concord\\nApril 27, 1882.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "8 INTRODUCTION.\\nHis first published prose work was Nature, in\\n1839. He wrote poems when in college, but his\\nfirst publication of verse was in The Dial, a maga-\\nzine established in 1840, and the representative of\\na knot of men and women of whom Emerson was\\nthe acknowledged or unacknowledged leader. The\\nfirst volume of his poems was published in 1847,\\nand the second twenty years later. Meanwhile he\\nput forth successive volumes of prose, and in the\\nlatest collective edition of his writings, the ^River-\\nside Edition, there is one volume of verse and ten\\nof prose.\\nIn form the prose is either the oration or the\\nessay, with one exception. English Traits records\\nthe observations of the writer after his first two\\njourneys to England and while it may loosely be\\nclassed among essays, it has certain distinctive\\nfeatures which separate it from the essays of the\\nsame writer there is in it narrative, reminiscence,\\nand description, which make it more properly the\\nnote-book of a philosophic traveller.\\nUnder the term oration may be included all\\nthose writings of Emerson which were delivered\\noriginally as lectures, addresses, orations before\\nliterary and learned societies and on special occa-\\nsions. It may be said of his essays as well as of his\\ndeliberate orations that the writer never was wholly\\nunmindful of an audience he was conscious always", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 9\\nthat he was not merely delivering his mind, but\\nspeaking directly to men. One is aware of a cer-\\ntain pointedness of speech which turns the writer\\ninto a speaker, and the printed words into a sound-\\ning voice. Especially if one ever heard Emerson\\ndoes his impressive manner disclose itself in every\\nsentence that one reads. In the orations, however,\\nthis directness of speech is most apparent, and\\ntheir form is cast for it. The end of the speech is\\nkept more positively before the speaker there is\\nalso more distinct eloquence, that raising of the\\nvoice, by which the volume of an utterance is in-\\ncreased and a note of thought is prolonged. The\\nform of the oration requires, moreover, a somewhat\\nbrisker manner and crisper sentences, for the\\nspeaker knows that the hearer has no leisure to\\npursue his way by winding clauses.\\nYet the spirit of the essay, the other great divi-\\nsion of Emerson s writing, more distinctly enters\\ninto the oration. It is true that in whatever he\\nwrites Emerson feels his audience, but it is an au-\\ndience of thinking men, and he is not unwilling to\\ngive his best thought, and to surrender himself in\\nhis work to the leadings of his own thought. Come\\nwith me, he seems to say to reader or listener\\nwe will follow courageously in this theme whither-\\nsoever Thought leads us thus in essay or oration\\nhe is less desirous of proving a proposition, or stat-", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "10 INTRODUCTION.\\ning roundly something which he has discovered,\\nthan of entering upon a subject and letting his mind\\nwork freely upon it, gathering suggestions by the\\nway, and asking for its association with other sub-\\njects. Hence, to one unaccustomed to Emerson s\\nmind, a first reading of his writings seems to dis-\\nclose only a series of lightly connected epigrams,\\nor searching questions and answers. The very\\ntitles of the essays seem mere suggestions, and the\\nend of an essay brings with it no conclusion. In\\nthe essay proper he allows himself more freedom\\nthan in the oration, and his sentences do not con-\\nverge so distinctly toward some demonstrable\\npoint. The discursive character of his thought is\\nbest fitted to the essay form, where it is not neces-\\nsary to make provision beforehand for every idea\\nwhich is to be entertained, and where the perfec-\\ntion of form is in the graceful freedom from for-\\nmalism. The oration may be described as one\\ngreat sentence the essay, as an unrestricted suc-\\ncession of little sentences.\\nIn writing my thoughts, Emerson once said,\\nI seek no order, or harmony, or result. I am\\nnot careful to see how they comport with other\\nthoughts and other moods I trust them for that.\\nAny more than how any one minute of the year is\\nrelated to any other remote minute, which yet I\\nknow is so related. The thoughts and the minutes", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 11\\nobey their own magnetisms, and will certainly re-\\nveal them in time. And in his journal he wrote\\nIf Minerva offered me a gift and an option, I\\nwould say, Give me continuity. I am tired of\\nscraps. I do not wish to be a literary or intellect-\\nual chiffonier. Away with this Jew s rag-bag of\\nends and tufts of brocade, velvet, and cloth-of-gold,\\nand let me spin some yards or miles of helpful\\ntwine a clew to lead to one kingly truth a cord\\nto bind wholesome and belonging facts.\\nMr. Cabot tells us that Emerson s practice was,\\nwhen a sentence had taken shape, to write it out\\nin his journal, and leave it to find its fellows after-\\nwards. These journals, paged and indexed, were\\nthe quarry from which he built his lectures and es-\\nsays. When he had a paper to get ready, he took\\nthe material collected under the particular heading,\\nand added whatever suggested itself at the mo-\\nment. The proportion thus added seems to have\\nvaried considerably it was large in the early time,\\nsay to about 1846, and sometimes very small in\\nthe later essays.\\nThe single, apparently detached, thoughts im-\\npress one with a sense of the author s insight\\ntheir very abruptness often lends a positiveness\\nand an authority to the statements and convictions,\\nand a ready listener finds himself accepting them\\nalmost without consideration, so captivating are", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "12 INTRODUCTION.\\nthey in their brilliant light. Yet something more\\nthan a ready listener is needed, if Emerson s writ-\\nings are to be best used. They call for thought\\nin the reader they demand that one shall stop\\nand ask questions, translate what one has read\\ninto one s ordinary speech, and inquire again if it\\nbe true. They are excellent tonics for the mind,\\nbut taken heedlessly they are dangerous. The\\ndanger is in the careless use, for carelessness\\nmakes half truths of what has been said frankly\\nand fearlessly to the open mind. No one should\\nread Emerson who is not willing to have his own\\nweakness disclosed to him, and who is not pre-\\npared also to test what he finds by a standard\\nwhich is above both writer and reader.\\nAs one reads steadily, he is likely to note certain\\nmental characteristics in the writer which mark all\\nhis work. One or two of these characteristics have\\nalready been mentioned; a more important and\\npervading one is his loyalty to idealism, and his\\nbelief in the power of the soul to work out a noble\\nplace for itself. The openness of his mind to new\\nthought, his loyalty to high ideals, his eager advo-\\ncacy of the real, and his insight into the nature of\\nthings, have separated him, and made his words\\nsometimes unintelligible but the serenity of his\\nlife and the courage of his speech have endeared\\nhim to men, even when they have thought him\\noblivious to some aspects of human life.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 13\\nIt would be easy to cull from Emerson s writ-\\nings both in prose and verse many detached pas-\\nsages which spring from a consciousness of Ameri-\\ncan life. It is more interesting to take certain\\naddresses which were called out by national events.\\nand to read in them that loyalty to American ideas\\nwhich makes Emerson not only an interpreter of\\nthese ideas, but an apostle of them. He sees so\\nclearly a great America, greater than any mate-\\nrial prosperity can show it to be, that when he\\nspeaks of men and affairs, whether to admire or to\\nreprove, he speaks to the best thought of Ameri-\\ncans. The Fortune of the Republic was one of\\nthe last addresses made by Mr. Emerson, and was\\ndelivered in the Old South Church, Boston, March\\n30, 1878. The Young American was a lecture\\nread in Boston, February 7, 1844. The other ad-\\ndresses gather naturally about President Lincoln\\nand the Emancipation Proclamation. The one on\\nthe Proclamation was delivered in Boston in Sep-\\ntember, 1862 that on Lincoln, at Concord, April\\n19, 1865.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nIt is a rule that holds in economy as well as in\\nhydraulics, that you must have a source higher\\nthan your tap. The mills, the shops, the theatre\\nand the caucus, the college and the church, have all\\nfound out this secret. The sailors sail by chronom-\\neters that do not lose two or three seconds in a\\nyear, ever since Newton explained to Parliament\\nthat the way to improve navigation was to get good\\nwatches, and to offer public premiums for a better\\ntime-keeper than any then in use. The manufac-\\nturers rely on turbines of hydraulic perfection the\\ncarpet-mill, on mordants and dyes which exhaust\\nthe skill of the chemist; the calico print, on de-\\nsigners of genius who draw the wages of artists,\\nnot of artisans. Wedgwood, the eminent potter,\\nbravely took the sculptor Flaxman to counsel, who\\nsaid, Send to Italy, search the museums for the\\nforms of old Etruscan vases, urns, water-pots, do-\\nmestic and sacrificial vessels of all kinds. They\\nbuilt great works and called their manufacturing\\nvillage Etruria. Flaxman, with his Greek taste,", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "16 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nselected and combined the loveliest forms, which\\nwere executed in English clay sent boxes of these\\nas gifts to every court of Europe, and formed the\\ntaste of the world. It was a renaissance of the\\nbreakfast table and china-closet. The brave manu-\\nfacturers made their fortune. The jewellers imi-\\ntated the revived models in silver and gold.\\nThe theatre avails itself of the best talent of\\npoet, of painter, and of amateur of taste, to make\\nthe ensemble of dramatic effect. The marine in-\\nsurance office has its mathematical counsellor to\\nsettle averages the life-assurance, its table of an-\\nnuities. The wine merchant has his analyst and\\ntaster, the more exquisite the better. He has also,\\nI fear, his debts to the chemist as well as to the\\nvineyard.\\nOur modern wealth stands on a few staples, and\\nthe interest nations took in our war was exasper-\\nated by the importance of the cotton trade. And\\nwhat is cotton One plant out of some two hun-\\ndred thousand known to the botanist, vastly the\\nlarger part of which are reckoned weeds. What is\\na weed A plant whose virtues have not yet been\\ndiscovered, every one of the two hundred thou-\\nsand probably yet to be of utility in the arts. As\\nBacchus of the vine, Ceres of the wheat, as Ark-\\nwright and Whitney were the demi-gods of cotton,\\nso prolific Time will yet bring an inventor to every", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 17\\nplant. There is not a property in nature but a\\nmind is born to seek and find it. For it is not the\\nplants or the animals, innumerable as they are, nor\\nthe whole magazine of material nature that can give\\nthe sum of power, but the infinite applicability of\\nthese things in the hands of thinking man, every\\nnew application being equivalent to a new material.\\nOur sleepy civilization, ever since Roger Bacon\\nand Monk Schwartz invented gunpowder, has built\\nits whole art of war, all fortification by land and\\nsea, all drill and military education, on that one\\ncompound, all is an extension of a gun-barrel,\\nand is very scornful about bows and arrows, and\\nreckons Greeks and Romans and Middle Ages lit-\\ntle better than Indians and bow-and-arrow times.\\nAs if the earth, water, gases, lightning and caloric\\nhad not a million energies, the discovery of any one\\nof which could change the art of war again, and\\nput an end to war by the exterminating forces man\\ncan apply.\\nNow, if this is true in all the useful and in the\\nfine arts, that the direction must be drawn from a\\nsuperior source or there will be no good work, does\\nit hold less in our social and civil life\\nIn our popular politics you may note that each\\naspirant who rises above the crowd, however at\\nfirst making his obedient apprenticeship in party\\ntactics, if he have sagacity, soon learns that it is by", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "18 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nno means by obeying the vulgar weathercock of his\\nparty, the resentments, the fears and whims of it,\\nthat real power is gained, but that he must often\\nface and resist the party, and abide by his resist-\\nance, and put them in fear that the only title to\\ntheir permanent respect, and to a larger following,\\nis to see for himself what is the real public interest,\\nand to stand for that that is a principle, and\\nall the cheering and hissing of the crowd must by\\nand by accommodate itself to it. Our times easily\\nafford you very good examples.\\nThe law of water and all fluids is true of wit.\\nPrince Metternich said, Kevolutions begin in the\\nbest heads and run steadily down to the populace.\\nIt is a very old observation not truer because\\nMetternich said it, and not less true.\\nThere have been revolutions which were not in\\nthe interest of feudalism and barbarism, but in that\\nof society. And these are distinguished not by the\\nnumbers of the combatants nor the numbers of the\\nslain, but by the motive. No interest now attaches\\nto the wars of York and Lancaster, to the wars of\\nGerman, French and Spanish emperors, which were\\nonly dynastic wars, but to those in which a princi-\\nple was involved. These are read with passionate\\ninterest and never lose their pathos by time. When\\nthe cannon is aimed by ideas, when men with re-\\nligious convictions are behind it, when men die for", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 19\\nwhat they live for, and the mainspring that works\\ndaily urges them to hazard all, then the cannon ar-\\nticulates its explosions with the voice of a man, then\\nthe rifle seconds the cannon and the fowling-piece\\nthe rifle, and the women make the cartridges, and\\nall shoot at one mark then gods join in the com-\\nbat then poets are born, and the better code of\\nlaws at last records the victory.\\nNow the culmination of these triumphs of hu-\\nmanity and which did virtually include the ex-\\ntinction of slavery is the planting of America.\\nAt every moment some one country more than\\nany other represents the sentiment and the future\\nof mankind. None will doubt that America occu-\\npies this place in the opinion of nations, as is\\nproved by the fact of the vast immigration into\\nthis country from all the nations of Western and\\nCentral Europe. And when the adventurers have\\nplanted themselves and looked about, they send\\nback all the money they can spare to bring their\\nfriends.\\nMeantime they find this country just passing\\nthrough a great crisis in its history, as necessary\\nas lactation or dentition or puberty to the human\\nindividual. We are in these days settling for our-\\nselves and our descendants questions which, as they\\nshall be determined in one way or the other, will\\nmake the peace and prosperity or the calamity of", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "20 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nthe next ages. The questions of Education, of So-\\nciety, of Labor, the direction of talent, of charac-\\nter, the nature and habits of the American, may\\nwell occupy us, and more the question of Religion.\\nThe new conditions of mankind in America are\\nreally favorable to progress, the removal of absurd\\nrestrictions and antique inequalities. The mind is\\nalways better the more it is used, and here it is\\nkept in practice. The humblest is daily challenged\\nto give his opinion on practical questions, and while\\ncivil and social freedom exists, nonsense even has\\na favorable effect. Cant is good to provoke com-\\nmon sense The trance-me-\\ndiums, the rebel paradoxes, exasperate the common\\nsense. The wilder the paradox, the more sure is\\nPunch to put it in the pillory.\\nThe lodging the power in the people, as in re-\\npublican forms, has the effect of holding things\\ncloser to common sense for a court or an aristoc-\\nracy, which must always be a small minority, can\\nmore easily run into follies than a republic, which\\nhas too many observers, each with a vote in his\\nhand, to allow its head to be turned by any kind\\nof nonsense since hunger, thirst, cold, the cries of\\nchildren, and debt, are always holding the masses\\nhard to the essential duties.\\nOne hundred years ago the American people at-\\ntempted to carry out the bill of political rights to", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 21\\nan almost ideal perfection. They have made great\\nstrides in that direction since. They are now pro-\\nceeding, instructed by their success and by their\\nmany failures, to carry out, not the bill of rights,\\nbut the bill of human duties.\\nAnd look what revolution that attempt involves.\\nHitherto government has been that of the single\\nperson or of the aristocracy. In this country the\\nattempt to resist these elements, it is asserted, must\\nthrow us into the government not quite of mobs,\\nbut in practice of an inferior class of professional\\npoliticians, who by means of newspapers and cau-\\ncuses really thrust their unworthy minority into the\\nplace of the old aristocracy on the one side, and of\\nthe good, industrious, well-taught but unambitious\\npopulation on the other, win the posts of power,\\nand give their direction to affairs. Hence liberal\\ncongresses and legislatures ordain, to the surprise\\nof the people, equivocal, interested and vicious\\nmeasures. The men themselves are suspected and\\ncharged with lobbying and being lobbied. No\\nmeasure is attempted for itself, but the opinion of\\nthe people is courted in the first place, and the\\nmeasures are perfunctorily carried through as sec-\\nondary. We do not choose our own candidate, no,\\nnor any other man s first choice, but only the\\navailable candidate, whom, perhaps, no man loves.\\nWe do not speak what we think, but grope after", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "22 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nthe practicable and available. Instead of charac-\\nter, there is a studious exclusion of character. The\\npeople are feared and flattered. They are not rep-\\nrimanded. The country is governed in bar-rooms,\\nand in the mind of bar-rooms. The low can best\\nwin the low, and each aspirant for power vies with\\nhis rival which can stoop lowest, and depart widest\\nfrom himself.\\nThe partisan on moral, even on religious ques-\\ntions, will choose a proven rogue who can answer\\nthe tests, over an honest, affectionate, noble gentle-\\nman the partisan ceasing to be a man that he may\\nbe a sectarian.\\nThe spirit of our political economy is low and\\ndegrading. The precious metals are not so precious\\nas they are esteemed. Man exists for his own sake,\\nand not to add a laborer to the state. The spirit\\nof our political action, for the most part, considers\\nnothing less than the sacredness of man. Party\\nsacrifices man to the measure.\\nWe have seen the great party of property and\\neducation in the country drivelling and huckstering\\naway, for views of party fear or advantage, every\\nprinciple of humanity and the dearest hopes of man-\\nkind the trustees of power only energetic when\\nmischief could be done, imbecile as corpses when\\nevil was to be prevented.\\nOur great men succumb so far to the forms of", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 23\\nthe clay as to peril their integrity for the sake of\\nadding to the weight of their personal character\\nthe authority of office, or making a real govern-\\nment titular. Our politics are full of adventurers,\\nwho having by education and social innocence a\\ngood repute in the state, break away from the law\\nof honesty and think they can afford to join the\\ndevil s party. T is odious, these offenders in high\\nlife. You rally to the support of old charities and\\nthe cause of literature, and there, to be sure, are\\nthese brazen faces. In this innocence you are puz-\\nzled how to meet them must shake hands with\\nthem, under protest. We feel toward them as the\\nminister about the Cape Cod farm, in the old\\ntime when the minister was still invited, in the\\nspring, to make a prayer for the blessing of a piece\\nof land, the good pastor being brought to the\\nspot, stopped short No, this land does not want\\na prayer, this land wants manure.\\nT is virtue which they want, and wanting it,\\nHonor no garment to their backs can lit.\\nParties keep the old names, but exhibit a surpris-\\ning fugacity in creeping out of one snake-skin into\\nanother of equal ignominy and lubricity, and the\\ngrasshopper on the turret of Faneuil Hall gives a\\nproper hint of the men below.\\nEverything yields. The very glaciers are vis-\\ncous, or regelate into conformity, and the stiffest", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "24 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\npatriots falter and compromise so that will cannot\\nbe depended on to save us.\\nHow rare are acts of will We are all living\\naccording to custom we do as other people do, and\\nshrink from an act of our own. Every such act\\nmakes a man famous, and we can all count the few\\ncases, half a dozen in our time, when a public\\nman ventured to act as he thought, without waiting\\nfor orders or for public opinion. John Quincy\\nAdams was a man of an audacious independence\\nthat always kept the public curiosity alive in re-\\ngard to what he might do. None could predict his\\nword, and a whole congress could not gainsay it\\nwhen it was spoken. General Jackson was a man\\nof will, and his phrase on one memorable occasion,\\nI will take the responsibility, is a proverb ever\\nsince.\\nThe American marches with a careless swagger\\nto the height of power, very heedless of his own lib-\\nerty or of other peoples in his reckless confidence\\nthat he can have all he wants, risking all the prized\\ncharters of the human race, bought with battles and\\nrevolutions and religion, gambling them all away\\nfor a paltry selfish gain.\\nHe sits secure in the possession of his vast do-\\nmain, rich beyond all experience in resources, sees\\nits inevitable force unlocking itself in elemental or-\\nder day by day, year by year looks from his coal-", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 25\\nfields, his wheat-bearing prairie, his gold-mines, to\\nhis two oceans on either side, and feels the security\\nthat there can be no famine in a country reaching\\nthrough so many latitudes, no want that cannot be\\nsupplied, no danger from any excess of importation\\nof art or learning into a country of such native\\nstrength, such immense digestive power.\\nIn proportion to the personal ability of each man,\\nhe feels the invitation and career which the country\\nopens to him. He is easily fed with wheat and\\ngame, with Ohio wine, but his brain is also pam-\\npered by finer draughts, by political power and by\\nthe power in the railroad board, in the mills, or the\\nbanks. This elevates his spirits, and gives, of\\ncourse, an easy self-reliance that makes him self-\\nwilled and unscrupulous.\\nI think this levity is a reaction on the people from\\nthe extraordinary advantages and invitations of\\ntheir condition. When we are most disturbed by\\ntheir rash and immoral voting, it is not malignity,\\nbut recklessness. They are careless of politics, be-\\ncause they do not entertain the possibility of being\\nseriously caught in meshes of legislation. They feel\\nstrong and irresistible. They believe that what\\nthey have enacted they can repeal if they do not\\nlike it. But one may run a risk once too often.\\nThey stay away from the polls, saying that one vote\\ncan do no good I Or they take another step, and", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "26 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nsay One vote can do no harm and vote for some-\\nthing which they do not approve, because their\\nparty or set votes for it. Of course this puts them\\nin the power of any party having a steady interest\\nto promote which does not conflict manifestly with\\nthe pecuniary interest of the voters. But if they\\nshould come to be interested in themselves and in\\ntheir career, they would no more stay away from the\\nelection than from their own counting-room or the\\nhouse of their friend.\\nThe people are right-minded enough on ethical\\nquestions, but they must pay their debts, and must\\nhave the means of living well, and not pinching.\\nSo it is useless to rely on them to go to a meeting,\\nor to give a vote, if any check from this must-have-\\nthe-money side arises. If a customer looks grave\\nat their newspaper, or damns their member of Con-\\ngress, they take another newspaper, and vote for\\nanother man. They must have money, for a cer-\\ntain style of living fast becomes necessary they\\nmust take wine at the hotel, first, for the look of\\nit, and second, for the purpose of sending the bottle\\nto two or three gentlemen at the table and pres-\\nently because they have got the taste, and do not\\nfeel that they have dined without it.\\nThe record of the election now and then alarms\\npeople by the all but unanimous choice of a rogue\\nand brawler. But how was it done What law-", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 27\\nless mob burst into the polls and threw in these\\nhundreds of ballots in defiance of the magistrates\\nThis was done by the very men you know, the\\nmildest, most sensible, best-natured people. The\\nonly account of this is, that they have been scared\\nor warped into some association in their mind of\\nthe candidate with the interest of their trade or of\\ntheir property.\\nWhilst each cabal urges its candidate, and at\\nlast brings, with cheers and street-demonstrations,\\nmen whose names are a knell to all hope of prog-\\nress, the good and wise are hidden in their active\\nretirements, and are quite out of question.\\nThese we must join to wake, for these are of the strain\\nThat justice dare defend, and will the age maintain.\\nYet we know, all over this country, men of in-\\ntegrity, capable of action and of affairs, with the\\ndeepest sympathy in all that concerns the public,\\nmortified by the national disgrace, and quite car\\npable of any sacrifice except of their honor.\\nFaults in the working appear in our system, as\\nin all, but they suggest their own remedies. After\\nevery practical mistake out of which any disaster\\ngrows, the people wake and correct it with energy.\\nAnd any disturbances in politics, in civil or foreign\\nwars, sober them, and instantly show more virtue", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "28 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nand conviction in the popular vote. In each new\\nthreat of faction the ballot has been, beyond expec-\\ntation, right and decisive.\\nIt is ever an inspiration, God only knows whence\\na sudden, undated perception of eternal right com-\\ning into and correcting things that were wrong a\\nperception that passes through thousands as readily\\nas through one.\\nThe gracious lesson taught by science to this\\ncountry is, that the history of nature from first to\\nlast is incessant advance from less to more, from\\nrude to finer organization, the globe of matter thus\\nconspiring with the principle of undying hope in\\nman. Nature works in immense time, and spends\\nindividuals and races prodigally to prepare new\\nindividuals and races. The lower kinds are one af-\\nter one extinguished the higher forms come in.\\nThe history of civilization, or the refining of cer-\\ntain races to wonderful power of performance, is\\nanalogous but the best civilization yet is only valu-\\nable as a ground of hope.\\nOurs is the country of poor men. Here is prac-\\ntical democracy here is the human race poured\\nout over the continent to do itself justice all man-\\nkind in its shirt-sleeves not grimacing like poor\\nrich men in cities, pretending to be rich, but un-\\nmistakably taking off its coat to hard work, when\\nlabor is sure to pay. This through all the country.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 29\\nFor really, though you see wealth in the capitals,\\nit is only a sprinkling of rich men in the cities and\\nat sparse points the bulk of the population is poor.\\nIn Maine, nearly every man is a lumberer. In\\nMassachusetts, every twelfth man is a shoemaker,\\nand the rest, millers, farmers, sailors, fishermen.\\nWell, the result is, instead of the doleful experi-\\nence of the European economist, who tells us, In\\nalmost all countries the condition of the great body\\nof the people is poor and miserable, here that same\\ngreat body has arrived at a sloven plenty, ham\\nand corn-cakes, tight roof and coals enough have\\nbeen attained an unbuttoned comfort, not clean,\\nnot thoughtful, far from polished, without dignity\\nin his repose the man awkward and restless if he\\nhave not something to do, but honest and kind for\\nthe most part, understanding his own rights and\\nstiff to maintain them, and disposed to give his\\nchildren a better education than he received.\\nThe steady improvement of the public schools in\\nthe cities and the country enables the farmer or la-\\nborer to secure a precious primary education. It is\\nrare to find a born American who cannot read and\\nwrite. The facility with which clubs are formed\\nby young men for discussion of social, political and\\nintellectual topics secures the notoriety of the ques*\\ntions.\\nOur institutions, of which the town is the unit,", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "30 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nare all educational, for responsibility educates fast\\nThe town meeting is, after the high school, a higher\\nschool. The legislature, to which every good\\nfarmer goes once on trial, is a superior academy.\\nThe result appears in the power of invention, the\\nfreedom of thinking, in the readiness for reforms,\\neagerness for novelty, even for all the follies of\\nfalse science in the antipathy to secret societies,\\nin the predominance of the democratic party in\\nthe politics of the Union, and in the voice of the\\npublic even when irregular and vicious, the voice\\nof mobs, the voice of lynch law, because it is\\nthought to be, on the whole, the verdict, though\\nbadly spoken, of the greatest number.\\nAll this forwardness and self-reliance cover self-\\ngovernment proceed on the belief that as the peo-\\nple have made a government they can make an-\\nother that their union and law are not in their\\nmemory, but in their blood and condition. If they\\nunmake a law they can easily make a new one. In\\nMr. Webster s imagination the American Union\\nwas a huge Prince Rupert s drop, which will snap\\ninto atoms if so much as the smallest end be shiv-\\nered off. Now the fact is quite different from this.\\nThe people are loyal, law-abiding. They prefer\\norder, and have no taste for misrule and uproar.\\nAmerica was opened after the feudal mischief\\nwas spent, and so the people made a good start", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 31\\nWe began well. No inquisition here, no kings, no\\nnobles, no dominant church. Here heresy has lost\\nits terrors. We have eight or ten religions in every\\nlarge town, and the most that comes of it is a de-\\ngree or two on the thermometer of fashion a pew\\nin a particular church gives an easier entrance tG\\nthe subscription ball.\\nWe began with freedom, and are defended from\\nshocks now for a century by the facility with which\\nthrough popular assemblies every necessary meas-\\nure of reform can instantly be carried. A congress\\nis a standing insurrection, and escapes the violence\\nof accumulated grievance. As the globe keeps its\\nidentity by perpetual change, so our civil system, by\\nperpetual appeal to the people and acceptance of\\nits reforms.\\nThe government is acquainted with the opinions\\nof all classes, knows the leading men in the mid-\\ndle class, knows the leaders of the humblest class.\\nThe President comes near enough to these if he\\ndoes not, the caucus does, the primary ward and\\ntown meeting, and what is important does reach\\nhim.\\nThe men, the women, all over this land shrill\\ntheir exclamations of impatience and indignation\\nat what is short-coming or is unbecoming in the\\ngovernment, at the want of humanity, of moral-\\nity, ever on broad grounds of general justice, and", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "32 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nnot on the class-feeling which narrows the percep*\\ntion of English, French, German people at home.\\nIn this fact, that we are a nation of individuals,\\nthat we have a highly intellectual organization, that\\nwe can see and feel moral distinctions, and that on\\nsuch an organization sooner or later the moral laws\\nmust tell, to such ears must speak, in this is our\\nhope. For if the prosperity of this country has\\nbeen merely the obedience of man to the guiding\\nof nature, of great rivers and prairies, yet is\\nthere fate above fate, if we choose to speak this\\nlanguage or, if there is fate in corn and cotton, so\\nis there fate in thought, this, namely, that the\\nlargest thought and the widest love are born to\\nvictory, and must prevail.\\nThe revolution is the work of no man, but the\\neternal effervescence of nature. It never did not\\nwork. And we say that revolutions beat all the\\ninsurgents, be they never so determined and poli-\\ntic that the great interests of mankind, being at\\nevery moment through ages in favor of justice and\\nthe largest liberty, will always, from time to time,\\ngain on the adversary and at last win the day.\\nNever country had such a fortune, as men call for-\\ntune, as this, in its geography, its history, and in\\nits majestic possibilities.\\nWe have much to learn, much to correct, a\\ngreat deal of lying vanity. The spread eagle must", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 33\\nfold his foolish wings and be less of a peacock\\nmust keep his wings to carry the thunderbolt when\\nhe is commanded. We must realize our rhetoric\\nand our rituals. Our national flag is not affecting,\\nas it should be, because it does not represent the\\npopulation of the United States, but some Balti-\\nmore or Chicago or Cincinnati or Philadelphia\\ncaucus not union or justice, but selfishness and\\ncunning. If we never put on the liberty-cap until\\nwe were freemen by love and self-denial, the liberty-\\ncap would mean something. I wish to see America\\nnot like the old powers of the earth, grasping, ex-\\nclusive and narrow, but a benefactor such as no\\ncountry ever was, hospitable to all nations, legislat-\\ning for all nationalities. Nations were made to\\nhelp each other as much as families were and all\\nadvancement is by ideas, and not by brute force or\\nmechanic force.\\nIn this country, with our practical understand-\\ning, there is, at present, a great sensualism, a head-\\nlong devotion to trade and to the conquest of the\\ncontinent, to each man as large a share of the\\nsame as he can carve for himself, an extravagant\\nconfidence in our talent and activity, which be-\\ncomes, whilst successful, a scornful materialism,\\nbut with the fault, of course, that it has no depth,\\nno reserved force whereon to fall back when a re-\\nverse comes.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "34 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nThat repose which is the ornament and ripeness\\nof man is not American. That repose which indi-\\ncates a faith in the laws of the universe, a faith\\nthat they will fulfil themselves, and are not to be\\nimpeded, transgressed, or accelerated. Our people\\nare too slight and vain. They are easily elated and\\neasily depressed. See how fast they extend the\\nfleeting fabric of their trade, not at all consider-\\ning the remote reaction and bankruptcy, but with\\nthe same abandonment to the moment and the facts\\nof the hour as the Esquimaux who sells his bed in\\nthe morning. Our people act on the moment, and\\nfrom external impulse. They all lean on some\\nother, and this superstitiously, and not from insight\\nof his merit. They follow a fact they follow suc-\\ncess, and not skill. Therefore, as soon as the suc-\\ncess stops and the admirable man blunders, they\\nquit him already they remember that they long\\nago suspected his judgment, and they transfer the\\nrepute of judgment to the next prosperous person\\nwho has not yet blundered. Of course this levity\\nmakes them as easily despond. It seems as if his-\\ntory gave no account of any society in which de-\\nspondency came so readily to heart as we see it and\\nfeel it in ours. Young men at thirty and even\\nearlier lose all spring and vivacity, and if they fail\\nin their first enterprise throw up the game.\\nThe source of mischief is the extreme difficulty", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 35\\nwith which men are roused from the torpor of every\\nday. Blessed is all that agitates the mass, breaks\\nup this torpor, and begins motion. Corpora non\\naqunt nisi soluta 1 the chemical ride is true in\\nmind. Contrast, change, interruption, are necessary\\nto new activity and new combinations.\\nIf a temperate wise man should look over our\\nAmerican society, I think the first danger that\\nwould excite his alarm would be the European in-\\nfluences on this country. We buy much of Europe\\nthat does not make us better men and mainly the\\nexpensiveness which is ruining that country. We\\nimport trifles, dancers, singers, laces, books of pat-\\nterns, modes, gloves and cologne, manuals of Goth-\\nic architecture, steam-made ornaments America\\nis provincial. It is an immense Halifax. See the\\nsecondariness and aping of foreign and English life,\\nthat runs through this country, in building, in dress,\\nin eating, in books. Every village, every city has\\nits architecture, its costume, its hotel, its private\\nhouse, its church, from England.\\nOur politics threaten her. Her manners threaten\\nas. Life is grown and growing so costly that it\\nthreatens to kill us. A man is coming, here as\\nthere, to value himself on what he can buy. Worst\\nof all, his expense is not his own, but a far-off copy\\nof Osborne House or the Elyse*e. The tendency of\\n1 fBodies do not move unless they are set free.]", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "36 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nthis is to make all men alike to extinguish individ-\\nualism and choke up all the channels of inspiration\\nfrom God in man. We lose our invention and de-\\nscend into imitation. A man no longer conducts\\nhis own life. It is manufactured for him. The\\ntailor makes your dress the baker your bread the\\nupholsterer, from an imported book of patterns,\\nyour furniture the Bishop of London your faith.\\nIn the planters of this country, in the seventeenth\\ncentury, the conditions of the country, combined\\nwith the impatience of arbitrary power which they\\nbrought from England, forced them to a wonderful\\npersonal independence and to a certain heroic plant-\\ning and trading. Later this strength appeared in\\nthe solitudes of the West, where a man is made a\\nhero by the varied emergencies of his lonely farm,\\nand neighborhoods must combine against the In-\\ndians, or the horse-thieves, or the river rowdies, by\\norganizing themselves into committees of vigilance.\\nThus the land and sea educate the people, and bring\\nout presence of mind, self-reliance, and hundred-\\nhanded activity. These are the people for an emer-\\ngency. They are not to be surprised, and can find\\na way out of any peril. This rough and ready\\nforce becomes them, and makes them fit citizens\\nand civilizers. But if we found them clinging to\\nEnglish traditions, which are graceful enough at\\nhome, as the English Church, and entailed estates,", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 37\\nand distrust of popular election, we should feel this\\nreactionary, and absurdly out of place.\\nLet the passion for America cast out the passion\\nfor Europe. Here let there be what the earth\\nwaits for, exalted manhood. What this country\\nlongs for is personalities, grand persons, to coun-\\nteract its materialities. For it is the rule of the\\nuniverse that corn shall serve man, and not man\\ncorn.\\nThey who find America insipid, they for whom\\nLondon and Paris have spoiled their own homes,\\ncan be spared to return to those cities. I not only\\nsee a career at home for more genius than we have,\\nbut for more than there is in the world.\\nThe class of which I speak make themselves\\nmerry without duties. They sit in decorated club-\\nhouses in the cities, and burn tobacco and play\\nwhist in the country they sit idle in stores and\\nbar-rooms, and burn tobacco, and gossip and sleep.\\nThey complain of the flatness of American life;\\nto America has no illusions, no romance. They\\nhave no perception of its destiny. They are not\\nAmericans.\\nThe felon is the logical extreme of the epicure\\nand coxcomb. Selfish luxury is the end of both,\\nthough in one it is decorated with refinements, and\\nin the other brutal. But my point now is, that\\nthis spirit is not American.", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "38 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nOur young men lack idealism. A man for suc-\\ncess must not be pure idealist, then lie will practi-\\ncally fail but lie must have ideas, must obey ideas,\\nor he might as well be the horse he rides on. A\\nman does not want to be sun-dazzled, sun-blind\\nbut every man must have glimmer enough to keep\\nhim from knocking his head against the walls.\\nAnd it is in the interest of civilization and good\\nsociety and friendship, that I dread to hear of well-\\nborn, gifted and amiable men, that they have this\\nindifference, disposing them to this despair.\\nOf no use are the men who study to do exactly\\nas was done before, who can never understand that\\nto-day is a new day. There never was such a com-\\nbination as this of ours, and the rules to meet it are\\nnot set down in any history. We want men of\\noriginal perception and original action, who can\\nopen their eyes wider than to a nationality,\\nnamely, to considerations of benefit to the human\\nrace, can act in the interest of civilization men\\nof elastic, men of moral mind, who can live in the\\nmoment and take a step forward. Columbus was\\nno backward-creeping crab, nor was Martin Luther,\\nnor John Adams, nor Patrick Henry, nor Thomas\\nJefferson and the Genius or Destiny of America\\nis no log or sluggard, but a man incessantly ad-\\nvancing, as the shadow on the dial s face, or the\\nheavenly body by whose light it is marked.", "height": "3211", "width": "2009", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 39\\nThe flowering of civilization is the finished man,\\nthe man of sense, of grace, of accomplishment, of\\nsocial power, the gentleman. What hinders that\\nhe be born here The new times need a new man,\\nthe complemental man, whom plainly this country\\nmust furnish. Freer swing his arms farther\\npierce his eyes; more forward and forthright his\\nwhole build and rig than the Englishman s, who,\\nwe see, is much imprisoned in his backbone.\\nTis certain that our civilization is yet incom-\\nplete, it has not ended nor given sign of ending in\\na hero. T is a wild democracy the riot of medi-\\nocrities and dishonesties and fudges. Ours is the\\nage of the omnibus, of the third person plural, of\\nTammany Hall. Is it that Nature has only so\\nmuch vital force, and must dilute it if it is to be\\nmultiplied into millions? The beautiful is never\\nplentiful. Then Illinois and Indiana, with their\\nspawning loins, must needs be ordinary.\\nIt is not a question whether we shall be a multi-\\ntude of people. No, that has been conspicuously\\ndecided already but whether we shall be the new\\nnation, the guide and lawgiver of all nations, as\\nhaving clearly chosen and firmly held the simplest\\nand best rule of political society.\\nNow, if the spirit which years ago armed this\\ncountry against rebellion, and put forth such gi-", "height": "3242", "width": "1988", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "40 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\ngantic energy in the charity of the Sanitary Com-\\nmission, could be waked to the conserving and cre-\\nating duty of making the laws just and humane, it\\nwere to enroll a great constituency of religious,\\nself-respecting, brave, tender, faithful obeyers of\\nduty, lovers of men, filled with loyalty to each other,\\nand with the simple and sublime purpose of carry-\\ning out in private and in public action the desire\\nand need of mankind.\\nHere is the post where the patriot should plant\\nhimself here the altar where virtuous young men,\\nthose to whom friendship is the dearest covenant,\\nshould bind each other to loyalty; where genius\\nshould kindle its fires and bring forgotten truth to\\nthe eyes of men.\\nIt is not possible to extricate yourself from the\\nquestions in which your age is involved. Let the\\ngood citizen perform the duties put on him here\\nand now. It is not by heads reverted to the dying\\nDemosthenes, or to Luther, or to Wallace, or to\\nGeorge Fox, or to George Washington, that you\\ncan combat the dangers and dragons that beset the\\nUnited States at this time. I believe this cannot\\nbe accomplished by dunces or idlers, but requires\\ndocility, sympathy, and religious receiving from\\nhigher principles for liberty, like religion, is a short\\nand hasty fruit, and like all power subsists only by\\nnew rallyings on the source of inspiration.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 41\\nPower can be generous. The very grandeur of\\nthe means which offer themselves to us should sug-\\ngest grandeur in the direction of our expenditure.\\nIf our mechanic arts are unsurpassed in usefulness,\\nif we have taught the river to make shoes and nails\\nand carpets, and the bolt of heaven to write our\\nletters like a Gillott pen, let these wonders work\\nfor honest humanity, for the poor, for justice, gen-\\nius and the public good. Let us realize that this\\ncountry, the last found, is the great charity of God\\nto the human race.\\nAmerica should affirm and establish that in no\\ninstance shall the guns go in advance of the present\\nright. We shall not make coups d etat and after-\\nwards explain and pay, but shall proceed like Wil-\\nliam Penn, or whatever other Christian or humane\\nperson who treats with the Indian or the foreigner,\\non principles of honest trade and mutual advantage.\\nWe can see that the Constitution and the law in\\nAmerica must be written on ethical principles, so\\nthat the entire power of the spiritual world shall\\nhold the citizen loyal, and repel the enemy as by\\nforce of nature. It should be mankind s bill of\\nrights, or Royal Proclamation of the Intellect as-\\ncending the throne, announcing its good pleasure\\nthat now, once for all, the world shall be governed\\nby common sense and law of morals.\\nThe end of all political struggle is to establish", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "42 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nmorality as the basis of all legislation. T is not\\nfree institutions, tis not a democracy that is the\\nend, no, but only the means. Morality is the\\nobject of government. We want a state of things\\nin which crime will not pay a state of things which\\nallows every man the largest liberty compatible\\nwith the liberty of every other man.\\nHumanity asks that government shall not be\\nashamed to be tender and paternal, but that dem-\\nocratic institutions shall be more thoughtful for the\\ninterests of women, for the training of children,\\nand for the welfare of sick and unable persons, and\\nserious care of criminals, than was ever any the\\nbest government of the Old World.\\nThe genius of the country has marked out our\\ntrue policy, opportunity. Opportunity of civil\\nrights, of education, of personal power, and not less\\nof wealth doors wide open. If I could have it,\\nfree trade with all the world without toll or custom-\\nhouses, invitation as we now make to every nation,\\nto every race and skin, white men, red men, yellow\\nmen, black men hospitality of fair field and equal\\nlaws to all. Let them compete, and success to the\\nstrongest, the wisest and the best. The land is\\nwide enough, the soil has bread for all.\\nI hope America will come to have its pride in\\nbeing a nation of servants, and not of the served.\\nHow can men have any other ambition where", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 43\\nthe reason has not suffered a disastrous eclipse\\nWhilst every man can say I serve, to the whole\\nextent of my being I apply my faculty to the service\\nof mankind in my especial place, he therein sees\\nand shows a reason for his being in the world, and\\nis not a moth or incumbrance in it.\\nThe distinction and end of a soundly constituted\\nman is his labor. Use is inscribed on all his facul-\\nties. Use is the end to which he exists. As the\\ntree exists for its fruit, so a man for his work. A\\nfruitless plant, an idle animal, does not stand in\\nthe universe. They are all toiling, however secretly\\nor slowly, in the province assigned them, and to a\\nuse in the economy of the world the higher and\\nmore complex organizations to higher and more\\ncatholic service. And man seems to play, by his\\ninstincts and activity, a certain part that even tells\\non the general face of the planet, drains swamps,\\nleads rivers into dry countries for their irrigation,\\nperforates forests and stony mountain-chains with\\nroads, hinders the inroads of the sea on the conti-\\nnent, as if dressing the globe for happier races.\\nOn the whole, I know that the cosmic results will\\nbe the same, whatever the daily events may be\u00c2\u00bb\\nHappily we are under better guidance than of\\nstatesmen. Pennsylvania coal mines, and New York\\nshipping, and free labor, though not idealists, grav-\\nitate in the ideal direction. Nothing less large than", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "44 THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC.\\njustice can keep them in good temper. Justice sat-\\nisfies everybody, and justice alone. No monopoly\\nmust be foisted in, no weak party or nationality\\nsacrificed, no coward compromise conceded to a\\nstrong partner. Every one of these is the seed of\\nvice, war and national disorganization. It is our\\npart to carry out to the last the ends of liberty and\\njustice. We shall stand, then, for vast interests\\nnorth and south, east and west will be present to\\nour minds, and our vote will be as if they voted,\\nand we shall know that our vote secures the foun-\\ndations of the state, good-will, liberty and security\\nof traffic and of production, and mutual increase of\\ngood-will in the great interests.\\nOur helm is given up to a better guidance than\\nour own the course of events is quite too strong\\nfor any helmsman, and our little wherry is taken in\\ntow by the ship of the great Admiral which knows\\nthe way, and has the force to draw men and states\\nand planets to their good.\\nSuch and so potent is this high method by which\\nthe Divine Providence sends the chiefest benefits\\nunder the mask of calamities, that I do not think\\nwe shall by any perverse ingenuity prevent the\\nblessing.\\nIn seeing this guidance of events, in seeing this\\nfelicity without example that has rested on the\\nUnio i thus far, I find new confidence for the future.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC. 45\\nI could heartily wish that our will and endeavor\\nwere more active parties to the work. But I see\\nin all directions the light breaking. Trade and\\ngovernment will not alone be the favored aims of\\nmankind, but every useful, every elegant art, every\\nexercise of imagination, the height of reason, the\\nnoblest affection, the purest religion will find their\\nhome in our institutions, and write our laws for the\\nbenefit of men.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nGentlemen\\nIt is remarkable that our people have their intel-\\nlectual culture from one country and their duties\\nfrom another. This false state of things is newly in\\na way to be corrected. America is beginning to as-\\nsert herself to the senses and to the imagination of\\nher children, and Europe is receding in the same\\ndegree. This their reaction on education gives a\\nnew importance to the internal improvements and\\nto the politics of the country. Who has not been\\nstimulated to reflection by the facilities now in pro-\\ngress of construction for travel and the transporta-\\ntion of goods in the United States\\nThis rage of road building is beneficent for\\nAmerica, where vast distance is so main a consid-\\neration in our domestic politics and trade, inas-\\nmuch as the great political promise of the inven-\\ntion is to hold the Union staunch, whose days\\nseemed already numbered by the mere inconven-\\nience of transporting representatives, judges, and\\nofficers across such tedious distances of land and", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 47\\nwater. Not only is distance annihilated, but when,\\nas now, the locomotive and the steamboat, like\\nenormous shuttles, shoot every day across the thou-\\nsand various threads of national descent and em-\\nployment and bind them fast in one web, an hourly\\nassimilation goes forward, and there is no danger\\nthat local peculiarities and hostilities should be pre-\\nserved.\\n1. But I hasten to speak of the utility of these\\nimprovements in creating an American sentiment.\\nAn unlooked for consequence of the railroad is the\\nincreased acquaintance it has given the American\\npeople with the boundless resources of their own\\nsoil. If this invention has reduced England to a\\nthird of its size, by bringing people so much nearer,\\nin this country it has given a new celerity to time,\\nor anticipated by fifty years the planting of tracts\\nof land, the choice of water privileges, the working\\nof mines, and other natural advantages. Railroad\\niron is a magician s rod, in its power to evoke the\\nsleeping energies of land and water.\\nThe railroad is but one arrow in our quiver,\\nthough it has great value as a sort of yard-stick\\nand surveyor s line. The bountiful continent is\\nours, state on state, and territory on territory, to\\nthe waves of the Pacific sea\\nOur garden is the immeasurable earth,\\nThe heaven s blue pillars are Medea s house.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "48 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nThe task of surveying, planting, and building upon\\nthis immense tract requires an education and a\\nsentiment commensurate thereto. A consciousness\\nof this fact is beginning to take the place of the\\npurely trading spirit and education which sprang\\nup whilst all the population lived on the fringe of\\nsea-coast. And even on the coast, prudent men\\nhave begun to see that every American should be\\neducated with a view to the values of land. The\\narts of engineering and of architecture are studied\\nscientific agriculture is an object of growing atten-\\ntion the mineral riches are explored limestone,\\ncoal, slate, and iron and the value of timber-lands\\nis enhanced.\\nColumbus alleged as a reason for seeking a con-\\ntinent in the West, that the harmony of nature re-\\nquired a great tract of land in the western hemi-\\nsphere, to balance the known extent of land in the\\neastern and it now appears that we must estimate\\nthe native values of this broad region to redress the\\nbalance of our own judgments, and appreciate the\\nadvantages opened to the human race in this coun-\\ntry which is our fortunate home. The land is the\\nappointed remedy for whatever is false and fantas-\\ntic in our culture. The continent we inhabit is to\\nbe physic and food for our mind, as well as our\\nbody. The land, with its tranquilizing, sanative\\ninfluences, is to repair the errors of a scholastic and", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 49\\ntraditional education, and bring us into just rela-\\ntions with men and things.\\nThe habit of living in the presence of these in-\\nvitations of natural wealth is not inoperative and\\nthis habit, combined with the moral sentiment\\nwhich, in the recent years, has interrogated very-\\ninstitution, usage, and law, has naturally given a\\nstrong direction to the wishes and aims of active\\nyoung men, to withdraw from cities and cultivate\\nthe soil. This inclination has appeared in the most\\nunlooked for quarters, in men supposed to be ab-\\nsorbed in business, and in those connected with the\\nliberal professions. And since the walks of trade\\nwere crowded, whilst that of agriculture cannot\\neasily be, inasmuch as the farmer who is not wanted\\nby others can yet grow his own bread, whilst the\\nmanufacturer or the trader, who is not wanted, can-\\nnot, this seemed a happy tendency. For beside\\nall the moral benefit which we may expect from the\\nfarmer s profession, when a man enters it consid-\\nerately this promised the conquering of the soil,\\nplenty, and beyond this the adorning of the country\\nwith every advantage and ornament which labor,\\ningenuity, and affection for a man s home, could\\nsuggest.\\nMeantime, with cheap land, and the pacific dis-\\nposition of the people, everything invites to the arts\\nof agriculture, of gardening, and domestic archi.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "50 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\ntecture. Public gardens, on the scale of such plan-\\ntations in Europe and Asia, are now unknown to\\nus. There is no feature of the old countries that\\nstrikes an American with more agreeable surprise\\nthan the beautiful gardens of Europe such as the\\nBoboli in Florence, the Villa Borghese in Rome,\\nthe Villa d Este in Tivoli, the gardens at Munich\\nand at Frankfort on the Main works easily imi-\\ntated here, and which might well make the land\\ndear to the citizen, and inflame patriotism. It is\\nthe fine art which is left for us, now that sculpture,\\npainting, and religious and civil architecture have\\nbecome effete, and have passed into second child-\\nhood. We have twenty degrees of latitude wherein\\nto choose a seat, and the new modes of travelling\\nenlarge the opportunity of selection, by making it\\neasy to cultivate very distant tracts and yet remain\\nin strict intercourse with the centres of trade and\\npopulation. And the whole force of all the arts\\ngoes to facilitate the decoration of lands and dwell-\\nings. A garden has this advantage, that it makes\\nit indifferent where you live. A well-laid garden\\nmakes the face of the country of no account let\\nthat be low or high, grand or mean, you have made\\na beautiful abode worthy of man. If the land-\\nscape is pleasing, the garden shows it, if tame,\\nit excludes it. A little grove, which any farmei\\ncan find or cause to grow near his house, will in a", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 51\\nfew years make cataracts and chains of mountains\\nquite unnecessary to his scenery and he is so con-\\ntented with his alleys, woodlands, orchards and\\nriver, that Niagara, and the Notch of the White\\nHills, and Nantasket Beach, are superfluities. And\\nyet the selection of a fit houselot has the same\\nadvantage over an indifferent one, as the selection\\nto a given employment of a man who has a genius\\nfor that work. In the last case the culture of\\nyears will never make the most painstaking ap-\\nprentice his equal: no more will gardening give\\nthe advantage of a happy site to a house in a hole\\nor on a pinnacle. In America we have hitherto\\nlittle to boast in this kind. The cities drain the\\ncountry of the best part of its population the\\nflower of the youth, of both sexes, goes into the\\ntowns, and the country is cultivated by a so much\\ninferior class. The land, travel a whole day to-\\ngether, looks poverty-stricken, and the buildings\\nplain and poor. In Europe, where society has an\\naristocratic structure, the land is full of men of the\\nbest stock and the best culture, whose interest and\\npride it is to remain half the year on their estates,\\nand to fill them with every convenience and orna-\\nment. Of course these make model farms, and\\nmodel architecture, and are a constant education to\\nthe eye of the surrounding population. Whatever\\nevents in progress shall go to disgust men with", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "52 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\ncities and infuse into them the passion for country\\nlife and country pleasures, will render a service to\\nthe whole face of this continent, and will further\\nthe most poetic of all the occupations of real life,\\nthe bringing out by art the native but hidden\\ngraces of the landscape.\\nI look on such improvements also as directly\\ntending to endear the land to the inhabitant. Any\\nrelation to the land, the habit of tilling it, or min-\\ning it, or even hunting on it, generates the feeling\\nof patriotism. He who keeps shop on it, or he who\\nmerely uses it as a support to his desk and ledger,\\nor to his manufactory, values it less. The vast\\nmajority of the people of this country live by the\\nland, and carry its quality in their manners and\\nopinions. We in the Atlantic states, by position,\\nhave been commercial, and have, as I said, imbibed\\neasily an European culture. Luckily for us, now\\nthat steam has narrowed the Atlantic to a strait,\\nthe nervous, rocky West is intruding a new and\\ncontinental element into the national mind, and we\\nshall yet have an American genius. How much\\nbetter when the whole land is a garden, and the\\npeople have grown up in the bowers of a paradise.\\nWithout looking then to those extraordinary social\\ninfluences which are now acting in precisely this\\ndirection, but only at what is inevitably doing\\naround us, I think we must regard the land as a", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 53\\ncommanding and increasing power on the citizen,\\nthe sanative and Americanizing influence, which\\npromises to disclose new virtues for ages to come.\\n2. In the second place, the uprise and culmina-\\ntion of the new and anti-feudal power of Com-\\nmerce is the political fact of most significance to\\nthe American at this hour.\\nWe cannot look on the freedom of this country,\\nin connexion with its youth, without a presentiment\\nthat here shall laws and institutions exist on some\\nscale of proportion to the majesty of nature. To\\nmen legislating for the area betwixt the two oceans,\\nbetwixt the snows and the tropics, somewhat of the\\ngravity of nature will infuse itself into the code.\\nA heterogeneous population crowding on all ships\\nfrom all corners of the world to the great gates of\\nNorth America, namely Boston, New York, and\\nNew Orleans, and thence proceeding inward to the\\nprairie and the mountains, and quickly contribut-\\ning their private thought to the public opinion,\\ntheir toll to the treasury, and their vote to the elec-\\ntion, it cannot be doubted that the legislation of\\nthis country should become more catholic and cos-\\nmopolitan than that of any other. It seems so\\neasy for America to inspire and express the most\\nexpansive and humane spirit; new-born, free, health-\\nful, strong, the land of the laborer, of the democrat,\\nof the philanthropist, of the believer, of the saint,", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "54 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nshe should speak for the human race. It is the\\ncountry of the Future. From Washington, prover-\\nbially the city of magnificent distances, through\\nall its cities, states, and territories, it is a country\\nof beginnings, of projects, of designs, of expecta-\\ntions.\\nGentlemen, there is a sublime and friendly Des-\\ntiny by which the human race is guided, the\\nrace never dying, the individual never spared,\\nto results affecting masses and ages. Men are nar-\\nrow and selfish, but the Genius or Destiny is not\\nnarrow, but beneficent. It is not discovered in\\ntheir calculated and voluntary activity, but in what\\nbefalls, with or without their design. Only what\\nis inevitable interests us, and it turns out that love\\nand good are inevitable, and in the course of\\nthings. That Genius has infused itself into nature.\\nIt indicates itself by a small excess of good, a small\\nbalance in brute facts always favorable to the side\\nof reason. All the facts in any part of nature\\nshall be tabulated and the results shall indicate\\nthe same security and benefit so slight as to be\\nhardly observable, and yet it is there. The sphere\\nis flattened at the poles and swelled at the equa-\\ntor a form flowing necessarily from the fluid state,\\nyet the form, the mathematician assures us, re-\\nquired to prevent the protuberances of the conti-\\nnent, or even of lesser mountains cast up at any", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 55\\ntime by earthquakes, from continually deranging\\nthe axis of the earth. The census of the popula-\\ntion is found to keep an invariable equality in the\\nsexes, with a trifling predominance in favor of the\\nmale, as if to counterbalance the necessarily in-\\ncreased exposure of male life in war, navigation,\\nand other accidents. Remark the unceasing effort\\nthroughout nature at somewhat better than the ac-\\ntual creatures amelioration in nature, which alone\\npermits and authorizes amelioration in mankind.\\nThe population of the world is a conditional popu-\\nlation these are not the best, but the best that\\ncould live in the existing state of soils, gases, ani-\\nmals and morals the best that could yet live\\nthere shall be a better, please God. This Genius\\nor Destiny is of the sternest administration, though\\nrumors exist of its secret tenderness. It may be\\nstyled a cruel kindness, serving the whole even to\\nthe ruin of the member a terrible communist, re-\\nserving all profits to the community, without divi-\\ndend to individuals. Its law is, you shall have\\neverything as a member, nothing to yourself. For\\nNature is the noblest engineer, yet uses a grinding\\neconomy, working up all that is wasted to-day into\\nto-morrow s creation not a superfluous grain of\\nsand, for all the ostentation she makes of expense\\nand public works. It is because Nature thus saves\\nand uses, laboring for the general, that we poor", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "56 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nparticulars are so crushed and straitened, and find\\nit so hard to live. She flung us out in her plenty,\\nbut we cannot shed a hair or a paring of a nail but\\ninstantly she snatches at the shred and appropriates\\nit to the general stock. Our condition is like that\\nof the poor wolves if one of the flock wound him-\\nself or so much as limp, the rest eat him up incon-\\ntinently.\\nThat serene Power interposes the check upon\\nthe caprices and officiousness of our wills. Its\\ncharity is not our charity. One of its agents is\\nour will, but that which expresses itself in our will\\nis stronger than our will. We are very forward to\\nhelp it, but it will not be accelerated. It resists\\nour meddling, eleemosynary contrivances. We de-\\nvise sumptuary and relief laws, but the principle\\nof population is always reducing wages to the low-\\nest pittance on which human life can be sustained.\\nWe legislate against forestalling and monopoly\\nwe would have a common granary for the poor\\nbut the selfishness which hoards the corn for high\\nprices is the preventive of famine and the law of\\nself-preservation is surer policy than any legislation\\ncan be. We concoct eleemosynary systems, and\\nit turns out that our charity increases pauperism.\\nWe inflate our paper currency, we repair commerce\\nwith unlimited credit, and are presently visited\\nwith unlimited bankruptcy.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 57\\nIt is easy to see that the existing generation are\\nconspiring with a beneficence which in its working\\nfor coming generations, sacrifices the passing one\\nwhich infatuates the most selfish men to act against\\ntheir private interest for the public welfare. We\\nbuild railroads, we know not for what or for whom\\nbut one thing is certain, that we who build will re-\\nceive the very smallest share of benefit. Benefit\\nwill accrue, they are essential to the country, but\\nthat will be felt not until we are no longer country-\\nmen. We do the like in all matters\\nMan s heart the Almighty to the Future set\\nBy secret and inviolable springs.\\nWe plant trees, we build stone houses, we redeem\\nthe waste, we make prospective laws, we found col-\\nleges and hospitals, for remote generations. We\\nshould be mortified to learn that the little benefit\\nwe chanced in our own persons to receive was the\\nutmost they would yield.\\nThe history of commerce is the record of this\\nbeneficent tendency. The patriarchal form of gov-\\nernment readily becomes despotic, as each person\\nmay see in his own family. Fathers wish to be\\nfathers of the minds of their children, and behold\\nwith impatience a new character and way of think-\\ning presuming to show itself in their own son or\\ndaughter. This feeling, which all their love and\\npride in the powers of their children cannot suh", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "58 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\ndue, becomes petulance and tyranny when the head\\nof the clan, the emperor of an empire, deals with\\nthe same difference of opinion in his subjects.\\nDifference of opinion is the one crime which kings\\nnever forgive. An empire is an immense egotism.\\nI am the State, said the French Louis. When\\na French ambassador mentioned to Paul of Russia\\nthat a man of consequence in St. Petersburg was\\ninteresting himself in some matter, the Czar inter-\\nrupted him, There is no man of consequence\\nin this empire but he with whom 1 am actually\\nspeaking and so long only as I am speaking to\\nhim is he of any consequence. And the Emperor\\nNicholas is reported to have said to his council,\\nThe age is embarrassed with new opinions rely\\non me gentlemen, I shall oppose an iron will to\\nthe progress of liberal opinions.\\nIt is easy to see that this patriarchal or family\\nmanagement gets to be rather troublesome to all\\nbut the papa the sceptre comes to be a crow-bar.\\nAnd this unpleasant egotism, Feudalism opposes\\nand finally destroys. The king is compelled to call\\nin the aid of his brothers and cousins and remote\\nrelations, to help him keep his overgrown house in\\norder and this club of noblemen always come at\\nlast to have a will of their own they combine to\\nbrave the sovereign, and call in the aid of the peo-\\nple. Each chief attaches as many followers as lie", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 59\\ncan, by kindness, maintenance, and gifts and as\\nlong as war lasts, the nobles, who must be soldiers,\\nrule very well. But when peace comes, the nobles\\nprove very whimsical and uncomfortable masters\\ntheir frolics turn out to be insulting and degrading\\nto the commoner. Feudalism grew to be a bandit\\nand brigand.\\nMeantime Trade had begun to appear Trade, a\\nplant which grows wherever there is peace, as soon\\nas there is peace, and as long as there is peace.\\nThe luxury and necessity of the noble fostered it.\\nAnd as quickly as men go to foreign parts in ships\\nor caravans, a new order of things springs up new\\ncommand takes place, new servants and new mas-\\nters. Their information, their wealth, their corre-\\nspondence, have made them quite other men than\\nleft their native shore. They are nobles now, and\\nby another patent than the king s. Feudalism\\nhad been good, had broken the power of the kings,\\nand had some good traits of its own but it had\\ngrown mischievous, it was time for it to die, and as\\nthey say of dying people, all its faults came out.\\nTrade was the strong man that broke it down and\\nraised a new and unknown power in its place. It\\nis a new agent in the world, and one of great func-\\ntion it is a very intellectual force. This displaces\\nphysical strength and instals computation, combin-\\nation, information, science, in its room. It calls", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "60 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nout all force of a certain kind that slumbered in\\nthe former dynasties. It is now in the midst of\\nits career. Feudalism is not ended yet. Our gov-\\nernments still partake largely of that element.\\nTrade goes to make the governments insignificant,\\nand to bring every kind of faculty of every individ-\\nual that can in any manner serve any person, on\\nsale. Instead of a huge Army and Navy and Ex-\\necutive Departments, it converts Government into\\nan Intelligence-Office, where every man may find\\nwhat he wishes to buy, and expose what he has to\\nsell not only produce and manufactures, but art,\\nskill, and intellectual and moral values. This is\\nthe good and this the evil of trade, that it would\\nput everything into market talent, beauty, virtue,\\nand man himself.\\nThe philosopher and lover of man have much\\nharm to say of trade but the historian will see\\nthat trade was the principle of Liberty that trade\\nplanted America and destroyed Feudalism that\\n*t makes peace and keeps peace, and it will abolish\\nslavery. We complain of its oppression of the\\npoor, and of its building up a new aristocracy on\\nthe ruins of the aristocracy it destroyed. But the\\naristocracy of trade has no permanence, is not en-\\ntailed, was the result of toil and talent, the result\\nof merit of some kind, and is continually falling,\\nlike the waves of the sea, before new claims of the", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 61\\nsame sort. Trade is an instrument in the hands of\\nthat friendly Power which works for us in our own\\ndespite. We design it thus and thus it turns out\\notherwise and far better. This beneficent tenden-\\ncy, omnipotent without violence, exists and works,\\nEvery line of history inspires a confidence that we\\nshall not go far wrong that things mend. That is\\nthe moral of all we learn, that it warrants Hope,\\nthe prolific mother of reforms. Our part is plainly\\nnot to throw ourselves across the track, to block\\nimprovement and sit till we are stone, but to watch\\nthe uprise of successive mornings and to conspire\\nwith the new works of new days. Government has\\nbeen a fossil it should be a plant. I conceive that\\nthe office of statute law should be to express and\\nnot to impede the mind of mankind. New thoughts,\\nnew things. Trade was one instrument, but Trade\\nis also but for a time, and must give way to some-\\nwhat broader and better, whose signs are already\\ndawning in the sky.\\n3. I pass to speak of the signs of that which is\\nthe sequel of trade.\\nIn consequence of the revolution in the state of\\nsociety wrought by trade, Government in our times\\nis beginning to wear a clumsy and cumbrous ap-\\npearance. We have already seen our way to\\nshorter methods. The time is full of good signs.\\nSome of them shall ripen to fruit. All this bene*", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "62 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nficent socialism is a friendly omen, and the swelling\\ncry of voices for the education of the people indi-\\ncates that Government has other offices than those\\nof banker and executioner. Witness the new move-\\nments in the civilized world, the Communism of\\nFrance, Germany, and Switzerland; the Trades\\nUnions the English League against the Corn Laws\\nand the whole Industrial Statistics, so called. In\\nParis, the blouse, the badge of the operative, has\\nbegun to make its appearance in the saloons. Wit-\\nness too the spectacle of three Communities which\\nhave within a very short time sprung up within\\nthis Commonwealth, besides several others under-\\ntaken by citizens of Massachusetts within the ter-\\nritory of other States. These proceeded from a\\nvariety of motives, from an impatience of many\\nusages in common life, from a wish for greater free-\\ndom than the manners and opinions of society per-\\nmitted, but in great part from a feeling that the\\ntrue offices of the State, the State had let fall to the\\nground that in the scramble of parties for the\\npublic purse, the main duties of government were\\nomitted, the duty to instruct the ignorant, to\\nsupply the poor with work and with good guidance.\\nThese communists preferred the agricultural life as\\nthe most favorable condition for human culture\\nbut they thought that the farm, as we manage it,\\ndid not satisfy the right ambition of man. The", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 63\\nfarmer, after sacrificing pleasure, taste, freedom,\\nthought, love, to his work, turns out often a bank-\\nrupt, like the merchant. This result might well\\nseem astounding. All this drudgery, from cock-crow-\\ning to starlight, for all these years, to end in mort-\\ngages and the auctioneer s flag, and removing from\\nbad to worse. It is time to have the thing looked\\ninto, and with a sifting criticism ascertained who is\\nthe fool. It seemed a great deal worse, because the\\nfarmer is living in the same town with men who\\npretend to know exactly what he wants. On one\\nside is agricultural chemistry, coolly exposing the\\nnonsense of our spendthrift agriculture and ruin-\\nous expense of manures, and offering, by means of\\na teaspoonf ul of artificial guano, to turn a sandbank\\ninto corn and on the other, the farmer, not only\\neager for the information, but with bad crops and\\nin debt and bankruptcy, for want of it. Here are\\nEtzlers and mechanical projectors, who, with the\\nFourierists, undoubtingly affirm that the smallest\\nunion would make every man rich and, on the\\nother side, a multitude of poor men and women\\nseeking work, and who cannot find enough to pay\\ntheir board. The science is confident, and surely\\nthe poverty is real. If any means could be found\\nto bring these two together\\nThis was one design of the projectors of the As-\\nsociations which are now making their first feeble", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "64 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nexperiments. They were founded in love and in\\nlabor. They proposed, as you know, that all men\\nshould take a part in the manual toil, and proposed\\nto amend the condition of men by substituting har-\\nmonious for hostile industry. It was a noble thought\\nof Fourier, which gives a favorable idea of his sys-\\ntem, to distinguish in his Phalanx a class as the\\nSacred Band, by whom whatever duties were dis-\\nagreeable and likely to be omitted, were to be as-\\nsumed.\\nAt least an economical success seemed certain for\\nthe enterprise, and that agricultural association\\nmust, sooner or later, fix the price of bread, and\\ndrive single farmers into association in self-defence\\nas the great commercial and manufacturing com-\\npanies had already done. The Community is\\nonly the continuation of the same movement which\\nmade the joint-stock companies for manufactures,\\nmining, insurance, banking, and so forth. It has\\nturned out cheaper to make calico by companies\\nand it is proposed to plant corn and to bake bread\\nby companies.\\nUndoubtedly, abundant mistakes will be made\\nby these first adventurers, which will draw ridicule\\non their schemes. I think for example that they\\nexaggerate the importance of a favorite project of\\ntheirs, that of paying talent and labor at one rate,\\npaying all sorts of service at one rate, say ten cents", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 65\\nthe hour. They have paid it so; but not an in-\\nstant would a dime remain a dime. In one hand\\nit became an eagle as it fell, and in another hand a\\ncopper cent. For the whole value of the dime is in\\nknowing what to do with it. One man buys with\\nit a land-title of an Indian, and makes his posterity\\nprinces or buys corn enough to feed the world\\nor pen, ink, and paper, or a painter s brush, by\\nwhich he can communicate himself to the human\\nrace as if he were fire and the other buys barley\\ncandy. Money is of no value it cannot spend it-\\nself. All depends on the skill of the spender.\\nWhether too the objection almost universally felt\\nby such women in the community as were mothers, to\\nan associate life, to a common table, and a common\\nnursery, etc., setting a higher value on the private\\nfamily, with poverty, than on an association with\\nwealth, will not prove insuperable, remains to be\\ndetermined.\\nBut the Communities aimed at a higher success\\nin securing to all their members an equal and\\nthorough education. And on the whole one may\\nsay that aims so generous and so forced on them\\nby the times, will not be relinquished, even if these at-\\ntempts fail, but will be prosecuted until they succeed.\\nThis is the value of the Communities not what\\nthey have done, but the revolution which they in\\ndicate as on the way. Yes, Government must edu-", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "66 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\ncate the poor man. Look across the country from\\nany hill -side around us and the landscape seems\\nto crave Government. The actual differences of\\nmen must be acknowledged, and met with love and\\nwisdom. These rising grounds which command\\nthe champaign below, seem to ask for lords, true\\nlords, Ztm^-lords, who understand the land and its\\nuses and the applicabilities of men, and whose\\ngovernment would be what it should, namely me-\\ndiation between want and supply. How gladly\\nwould each citizen pay a commission for the sup-\\nport and continuation of good guidance. None\\nshould be a governor who has not a talent for\\ngoverning. Now many people have a native skill\\nfor carving out business for many hands a genius\\nfor the disposition of affairs and are never hap-\\npier than when difficult practical questions, which\\nembarrass other men, are to be solved. All lies\\nin light before them they are in their element.\\nCould any means be contrived to appoint only\\nthese There really seems a progress towards\\nsuch a state of things in which this work shall be\\ndone by these natural workmen and this, not cer*\\ntainly through any increased discretion shown by\\nthe citizens at elections, but by the gradual com\\ntempt into which official government falls, and the\\nincreasing disposition of private adventurers to as\u00c2\u00ab\\nsume its fallen functions. Thus the national Post", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 67\\nOffice is likely to go into disuse before the private\\ntelegraph and the express companies. The cur-\\nrency threatens to fall entirely into private hands.\\nJustice is continually administered more and more\\nby private reference, and not by litigation. We\\nhave feudal governments in a commercial age. It\\nwould be but an easy extension of our commercial\\nsystem, to pay a private emperor a fee for services,\\nas we pay an architect, an engineer, or a lawyer.\\nIf any man has a talent for righting wrong, for ad-\\nministering difficult affairs, for counselling poor\\nfarmers how to turn their estates to good husband-\\nry, for combining a hundred private enterprises\\nto a general benefit, let him in the county-town, or\\nin Court Street, put up his sign-board, Mr. Smith,\\nGovernor, Mr. Johnson, Working king.\\nHow can our young men complain of the pov-\\nerty of things in New England, and not feel that\\npoverty as a demand on their charity to make New\\nEngland rich Where is he who seeing a thou-\\nsand men useless and unhappy, and making the\\nwhole region forlorn by their inaction, and con-\\nscious himself of possessing the faculty they want,\\ndoes not hear his call to go and be their king?\\nWe must have kings, and we must have nobles.\\nNature provides such in every society, only let\\nus have the real instead of the titular. Let us\\nhave our leading and our inspiration from the best.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "68 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nIn every society some men are born to rule and\\nsome to advise. Let the powers be well directed,\\ndirected by love, and they would everywhere be\\ngreeted with joy and honor. The chief is the chief\\nall the world over, only not his cap and his plume.\\nIt is only their dislike of the pretender, which\\nmakes men sometimes unjust to the accomplished\\nman. If society were transparent, the noble would\\neverywhere be gladly received and accredited, and\\nwould not be asked for his day s work, but would\\nbe felt as benefit, inasmuch as he was noble. That\\nwere his duty and stint, to keep himself pure\\nand purifying, the leaven of his nation. I think I\\nsee place and duties for a nobleman in every soci-\\nety but it is not to drink wine and ride in a fine\\ncoach, but to guide and adorn life for the multi-\\ntude by forethought, by elegant studies, by perse-\\nverance, self-devotion, and the remembrance of the\\nhumble old friend, by making his life secretly beau-\\ntiful.\\nI call upon you, young men, to obey your heart\\nand be the nobility of this land. In every age of\\nthe world there has been a leading nation, one of\\na more generous sentiment, whose eminent citizens\\nwere willing to stand for the interests of general\\njustice and humanity, at the risk of being called,\\nby the men of the moment, chimerical and fantas-\\ntic. Which should be that nation but these States?", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 69\\nWhich should lead that movement, if not New Eng-\\nland Who should lead the leaders, but the Young\\nAmerican The people, and the world, are now\\nsuffering from the want of religion and honor in\\nits public mind. In America, out-of-doors all\\nseems a market in-doors an air-tight stove of con-\\nventionalism. Every body who comes into our\\nhouses savors of these habits the men, of the mar-\\nket the women, of the custom. I find no expres-\\nsion in our state papers or legislative debate, in our\\nlyceums or churches, especially in our newspapers,\\nof a high national feeling, no lofty counsels that\\nrightfully stir the blood. I speak of those organs\\nwhich can be presumed to speak a popular sense.\\nThey recommend conventional virtues, whatever\\nwill earn and preserve property; always the capi-\\ntalist the college, the church, the hospital, the\\ntheatre, the hotel, the road, the ship, of the capital-\\nist, whatever goes to secure, adorn, enlarge these\\nis good; what jeopardizes any of these is damna-\\nble. The opposition papers, so called, are on the\\nsame side. They attack the great capitalist, but\\nwith the aim to make a capitalist of the poor man.\\nThe opposition is against those who have money,\\nfrom those who wish to have money. But who an-\\nnounces to us in journal, or in pulpit, or in the\\nstreet, the secret of heroism\\nMan alone\\nCan perform the impossible.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "70 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nI shall not need to go into an enumeration of\\nour national defects and vices which require this\\nOrder of Censors in the State. I might not set\\ndown our most proclaimed offences as the worst.\\nIt is not often the worst trait that occasions the\\nloudest outcry. Men complain of their suffering,\\nand not of the crime. I fear little from the bad\\neffect of Repudiation; I do not fear that it will\\nspread. Stealing is a suicidal business you can-\\nnot repudiate but once. But the bold face and\\ntardy repentance permitted to this local mischief\\nreveal a public mind so preoccupied with the love\\nof gain that the common sentiment of indignation\\nat fraud does not act with its natural force. The\\nmore need of a withdrawal from the crowd, and a\\nresort to the fountain of right, by the brave. The\\ntimidity of our public opinion is our disease, or,\\nshall I say, the publicness of opinion, the absence\\nof private opinion. Good nature is plentiful, but we\\nwant justice, with heart of steel, to fight down the\\nproud. The private mind has the access to the to-\\ntality of goodness and truth that it may be a bal-\\nance to a corrupt society and to stand for the pri-\\nvate verdict against popular clamor is the office of\\nthe noble. If a humane measure is propounded in\\nbehalf of the slave, or of the Irishman, or the\\nCatholic, or for the succor of the poor that senti-\\nment, that project, will have the homage of the", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 71\\nhero. That is his nobility, his oath of knighthood,\\nto succor the helpless and oppressed always to\\nthrow himself on the side of weakness, of youth, of\\nhope on the liberal, on the expansive side, never\\non the defensive, the conserving, the timorous, the\\nlock-and-bolt system. More than our good-will we\\nmay not be able to give. We have our own affairs,\\nour own genius, which chains each to his proper\\nwork. We cannot give our life to the cause of the\\ndebtor, of the slave, or the pauper, as another is\\ndoing but to one thing we are bound, not to blas-\\npheme the sentiment and the work of that man, not\\nto throw stumbling-blocks in the way of the aboli-\\ntionist, the philanthropist as the organs of influence\\nand opinion are swift to do. It is for us to confide\\nin the beneficent Supreme Power, and not to rely\\non our money, and on the state because it is the\\nguard of money. At this moment, the terror of old\\npeople and of vicious people is lest the Union of\\nthese states be destroyed as if the Union had any\\nother real basis than the good pleasure of a major-\\nity of the citizens to be united. But the wise and\\njust man will always feel that he stands on his own\\nfeet that he imparts strength to the State, not re-\\nceives security from it and that if all went down,\\nhe and such as he would quite easily combine in a\\nnew and better constitution. Every great and\\nmemorable community has consisted of formidable", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "72 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nindividuals, who, like the Roman or the Spartan,\\nlent his own spirit to the State and made it great.\\nYet only by the supernatural is a man strong noth=\\ning is so weak as an egotist. Nothing is mightier\\nthan we, when we are vehicles of a truth before\\nwhich the State and the individual are alike ephem-\\neral.\\nGentlemen, the development of our American\\ninternal resources, the extension to the utmost of\\nthe commercial system, and the appearance of new\\nmoral causes which are to modify the State, are\\ngiving an aspect of greatness to the Future, which\\nthe imagination fears to open. One thing is plain\\nfor all men of common sense and common con-\\nscience, that here, here in America, is the home of\\nman. After all the deductions which are to be\\nmade for our pitiful politics, which stake every\\ngravest national question on the silly die whether\\nJames or whether Robert shall sit in the chair and\\nhold the purse after all the deduction is made for\\nour frivolities and insanities, there still remains an\\norganic simplicity and liberty, which, when it loses\\nits balance, redresses itself presently, which offers\\nopportunity to the human mind not known in any\\nother region.\\nIt is true, the public mind wants self-respect.\\nWe are full of vanity, of which the most signal\\nproof is our sensitiveness to foreign and especially", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 73\\nEnglish censure. One cause of this is our immense\\nreading, and that reading chiefly confined to the\\nproductions of the English press. It is also true\\nthat to imaginative persons in this country there\\nis somewhat bare and bald in our short history and\\nunsettled wilderness. They ask, who would live\\nin a new country that can live in an old and it is\\nnot strange that our youths and maidens should\\nburn to see the picturesque extremes of an anti-\\nquated country. But it is one thing to visit the\\nPyramids, and another to wish to live there.\\nWould they like tithes to the clergy, and sevenths\\nto the government, and Horse-Guards, and licensed\\npress, and grief when a child is born, and threaten-\\ning, starved weavers, and a pauperism now consti-\\ntuting one thirteenth of the population Instead\\nof the open future expanding here before the eye\\nof every boy to vastness, would they like the clos-\\ning in of the future to a narrow slit of sky, and\\nthat fast contracting to be no future One thing\\nfor instance, the beauties of aristocracy, we com-\\nmend to the study of the travelling American.\\nThe English, the most conservative people this side\\nof India, are not sensible of the restraint, but an\\nAmerican would seriously resent it. The aristoc-\\nracy, incorporated by law and education, degrades\\nlife for the unprivileged classes. It is a question-\\nable compensation to the embittered feeling of a", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "74 THE YOUNG AMERICAN.\\nproud commoner, the reflection that a fop, who, by\\nthe magic of title, paralyzes his arm and plucks\\nfrom him half the graces and rights of a man, is\\nhimself also an aspirant excluded with the same\\nruthlessness from higher circles, since there is no\\nend to the wheels within wheels of this spiral hea-\\nven. Something may be pardoned to the spirit of\\nloyalty when it becomes fantastic and something\\nto the imagination, for the baldest life is symbolic.\\nPhilip II. of Spain rated his ambassador for neg-\\nlecting serious affairs in Italy, whilst he debated\\nsome point of honor with the French ambassador\\nYou have left a business of importance for a cer-\\nemony. The ambassador replied, Your Maj-\\nesty s self is but a ceremony. In the East, where\\nthe religious sentiment comes in to the support of\\nthe aristocracy, and in the Romish church also,\\nthere is a grain of sweetness in the tyranny but\\nin England, the fact seems to me intolerable, what\\nis commonly affirmed, that such is the transcendent\\nhonor accorded to wealth and birth, that no man\\nof letters, be his eminence what it may, is received\\ninto the best society, except as a lion and a show.\\nThe English have many virtues, many advantages,\\nand the proudest history of the world but they\\nneed all and more than all the resources of the\\npast to indemnify a heroic gentleman in that coun-\\ntry for the mortifications prepared for him by the", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "THE YOUNG AMERICAN. 75\\nsystem of society, and which seem to impose the\\nalternative to resist or to avoid it. That there are\\nmitigations and practical alleviations to this rigor,\\nis not an excuse for the rule. Commanding worth\\nand personal power must sit crowned in all compa-\\nnies, nor will extraordinary persons be slighted or\\naffronted in any company of civilized men. But\\nthe system is an invasion of the sentiment of jus,\\ntice and the native rights of men, which, however\\ndecorated, must lessen the value of English citizen-\\nship. It is for Englishmen to consider, not for us\\nwe only say, Let us live in America, too thankful\\nfor our want of feudal institutions. Our houses\\nand towns are like mosses and lichens, so slight\\nand new; but youth is a fault of which we shall\\ndaily mend. This land too is as old as the Flood,\\nand wants no ornament or privilege which nature\\ncould bestow. Here stars, here woods, here hills,\\nhere animals, here men abound, and the vast ten-\\ndencies concur of a new order. If only the men\\nare employed in conspiring with the designs of the\\nSpirit who led us hither and is leading us still, we\\nshall quickly enough advance out of all hearing of\\nothers censures, out of all regrets of our own, into\\na new and more excellent social state than history\\nhas recorded.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "AMEEICAN CIVILIZATION.!\\nUse, labor of each for all, is the health and vir-\\ntue of all beings. Ich die?i, I serve, is a truly royal\\nmotto. And it is the mark of nobleness to volun-\\nteer the lowest service, the greatest spirit only at-\\ntaining to humility. Nay, God is God because he is\\nthe servant of all. Well, now here comes this con-\\nspiracy of slavery, they call it an institution, I\\ncall it a destitution, this stealing of men and set-\\nting them to work, stealing their labor, and the thief\\nsitting idle himself and for two or three ages it\\nhas lasted, and has yielded a certain quantity of rice,\\ncotton and sugar. And, standing on this doleful\\nexperience, these people have endeavored to reverse\\nthe natural sentiments of mankind, and to pronounce\\nlabor disgraceful, and the well-being of a man to\\nconsist in eating the fruit of other men s labor.\\n1 Part of a lecture delivered at Washington, Jan. 31, 1862,\\nit is said, in the presence of President Lincoln and some of\\nhis Cabinet, some months before the issuing of the Emancipa-\\ntion Proclamation. The rest was published in Society and\\nSolitude, under the title Civilization.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. 77\\nLabor a man coins himself into his labor turns\\nhis day, his strength, his thought, his affection into\\nsome product which remains as the visible sign of\\nhis power and to protect that, to secure that to\\nhim, to secure his past self to his future self, is the\\nobject of all government. There is no interest in\\nany country so imperative as that of labor it cov-\\ners all, and constitutions and governments exist for\\nthat, to protect and insure it to the laborer.\\nAll honest men are daily striving to earn their\\nbread by their industry. And who is this who\\ntosses his empty head at this blessing in disguise,\\nthe constitution of human nature, and calls labor\\nvile, and insults the faithful workman at his daily\\ntoil I see for such madness no hellebore, for\\nsuch calamity no solution but servile war and the\\nAfricanization of the country that permits it.\\nAt this moment in America the aspects of politi-\\ncal society absorb attention. In every house, from\\nCanada to the Gulf, the children ask the serious\\nfather, What is the news of the war to-day,\\nand when will there be better times The boys\\nhave no new clothes, no gifts, no journeys the\\ngirls must go without new bonnets boys and girls\\nfind their education, this year, less liberal and com-\\nplete. All the little hopes that heretofore made\\nthe year pleasant are deferred. The state of the\\ncountry fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "78 AMERICAN CIVILIZATION.\\nhave attempted to hold together two states of civi-\\nlization a higher state, where labor and the tenure\\nof land and the right of suffrage are democratical\\nand a lower state, in which the old military tenure\\nof prisoners or slaves, and of power and land in a\\nfew hands, makes an oligarchy we have attempted\\nto hold these two states of society under one law.\\nBut the rude and early state of society does not\\nwork well with the later, nay, works badly, and has\\npoisoned politics, public morals and social inter-\\ncourse in the Republic, now for many years.\\nThe times put this question, Why cannot the\\nbest civilization be extended over the whole country,\\nsince the disorder of the less-civilized portion men-\\naces the existence of the country Is this secular\\nprogress we have described, this evolution of man\\nto the highest powers, only to give him sensibility,\\nand not to bring duties with it Is he not to make\\nhis knowledge practical to stand and to withstand\\nIs not civilization heroic also Is it not for ac-\\ntion has it not a will There are periods,\\nsaid Niebuhr, when something much better than\\nhappiness and security of life is attainable. We\\nlive in a new and exceptional age. America is\\nanother word for Opportunity. Our whole history\\nappears like a last effort of the Divine Providence\\nin behalf of the human race and a literal, slavish\\nfollowing of precedents, as by a justice of the peace,", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0206.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. 79\\nis not for those who at this hour lead the destinies\\nof this people. The evil you contend with has taken\\nalarming proportions, and you still content yourself\\nwith parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted,\\nabstain from striking at the cause.\\nIf the American people hesitate, it is not for\\nwant of warning or advices. The telegraph has\\nbeen swift enough to announce our disasters. The\\njournals have not suppressed the extent of the ca-\\nlamity. Neither was there any want of argument\\nor of experience. If the war brought any surprise\\nto the North, it was not the fault of sentinels on\\nthe watch-tower, who had furnished full details of\\nthe designs, the muster and the means of the enemy.\\nNeither was anything concealed of the theory or\\npractice of slavery. To what purpose make more\\nbig books of these statistics There are already\\nmountains of facts, if any one wants them. But\\npeople do not want them. They bring their opin-\\nion into the world. If they have a comatose ten-\\ndency in the brain, they are pro-slavery while they\\nlive if of a nervous sanguineous temperament,\\nthey are abolitionists. Then interests were never\\npersuaded. Can you convince the shoe interest, or\\nthe iron interest, or the cotton interest, by reading\\npassages from Milton or Montesquieu You wish\\nto satisfy people that slavery is bad economy.\\nWhy, the Edinburgh Review pounded on that", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0207.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "80 AMERICAN CIVILIZATION.\\nstring, and made out its case, forty years ago. A\\ndemocratic statesman said to me, long since, that,\\nif he owned the State of Kentucky, he would manu-\\nmit all the slaves, and be a gainer by the transac-\\ntion. Is this new No, everybody knows it. As\\na general economy it is admitted. But there is no\\none owner of the state, but a good many small own-\\ners. One man owns land and slaves another\\nowns slaves only. Here is a woman who has no\\nother property, like a lady in Charleston I knew\\nof, who owned fifteen sweeps and rode in her car-\\nriage. It is clearly a vast inconvenience to each of\\nthese to make any change, and they are fretful and\\ntalkative, and all their friends are and those less\\ninterested are inert, and, from want of thought,\\naverse to innovation. It is like free trade, certainly\\nthe interest of nations, but by no means the inter-\\nest of certain towns and districts, which tariff feeds\\nfat and the eager interest of the few overpowers\\nthe apathetic general conviction of the many.\\nBanknotes rob the public, but are such a daily con-\\nvenience that we silence our scruples and make be-\\nlieve they are gold. So imposts are the cheap and\\nright taxation but, by the dislike of people to pay\\nout a direct tax, governments are forced to render\\nlife costly by making them pay twice as much, hid-\\nden in the price of tea and sugar.\\nIn this national crisis, it is not argument that we", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0208.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. 81\\nwant, but that rare courage which dares commit it-\\nself to a principle, believing that Nature is its ally,\\nand will create the instruments it requires, and\\nmore than make good any petty and injurious pro-\\nfit which it may disturb. There never was such a\\ncombination as this of ours, and the rules to meet\\nit are not set down in any history. We want men\\nof original perception and original action, who can\\nopen their eyes wider than to a nationality, namely,\\nto considerations of benefit to the human race, can\\nact in the interest of civilization. Government\\nmust not be a parish clerk, a justice of the peace.\\nIt has, of necessity, in any crisis of the state, the\\nabsolute powers of a Dictator. The existing Ad-\\nministration is entitled to the utmost candor. It\\nis to be thanked for its angelic virtue, compared\\nwith any executive experiences with which we have\\nbeen familiar. But the times will not allow us to\\nindulge in compliment. I wish I saw in the people\\nthat inspiration which, if Government would not\\nobey the same, would leave the Government behind\\nand create on the moment the means and executors\\nit wanted. Better the war should more danger-\\nously threaten us, should threaten fracture in\\nwhat is still whole, and punish us with burned cap-\\nitals and slaughtered regiments, and so exasperate\\nthe people to energy, exasperate our nationality.\\nThere are Sciiptures written invisibly on men s", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0209.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "82 AMERICAN CnVLIZATlON.\\nhearts, whose letters do not come out until they are\\nenraged. They can be read by war-fires, and by\\neyes in the last peril.\\nWe cannot but remember that there have been\\ndays in American history, when, if the Free States\\nhad done their duty, Slavery had been blocked by\\nan immovable barrier, and our recent calamities\\nforever precluded. The Free States yielded, and\\nevery compromise was surrender and invited new\\ndemands. Here again is a new occasion which\\nHeaven offers to sense and virtue. It looks as if\\nwe held the fate of the fairest possession of man-\\nkind in our hands, to be saved by our firmness or\\nto be lost by hesitation.\\nThe one power that has legs long enough and\\nstrong enough to wade across the Potomac offers\\nitself at this hour the one strong enough to bring\\nall the civility up to the height of that which is best,\\nprays now at the door of Congress for leave to\\nmove. Emancipation is the demand of civilization.\\nThat is a principle everything else is an intrigue.\\nThis is a progressive policy, puts the whole people\\nin healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every\\nman in the South in just and natural relations with\\nevery man in the North, laborer with laborer.\\nI shall not attempt to unfold the details of the\\nproject of emancipation. It has been stated with\\ngreat ability by several of its leading advocatea.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0210.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. 83\\n1 will only advert to some leading points of the ar-\\ngument, at the risk of repeating the reasons of\\nothers. The war is welcome to the Southerner a\\nchivalrous sport to him, like hunting, and suits his\\nsemi-civilized condition. On the climbing scale of\\nprogress, he is just up to war, and has never ap-\\npeared to such advantage as in the last twelve-\\nmonth. It does not suit us. We are advanced\\nsome ages on the war-state, to trade, art and gen.\\neral cultivation. His laborer works for him at\\nhome, so that he loses no labor by the war. All\\nour soldiers are laborers so that the South, with\\nits inferior numbers, is almost on a footing in effec-\\ntive war-population with the North. Again, as long\\nas we fight without any affirmative step taken by\\nthe Government, any word intimating forfeiture in\\nthe rebel States of their old privileges under the\\nlaw, they and we fight on the same side, for Slavery.\\nAgain, if we conquer the enemy, what then\\nWe shall still have to keep him under, and it will\\ncost as much to hold him down as it did to get him\\ndown. Then comes the summer, and the fever will\\ndrive the soldiers home next winter we must be-\\ngin at the beginning, and conquer him over again.\\nWhat use then to take a fort, or a privateer, or get\\npossession of an inlet, or to capture a regiment of\\nrebels\\nBut one weapon we hold which is sure. Congress", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0211.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "84 AMERICAN CIVILIZATION.\\ncan, by edict, as a part of the military defence\\nwhich it is the duty of Congress to provide, abolish\\nslavery, and pay for such slaves as we ought to pay\\nfor. Then the slaves near our armies will come to\\nus those in the interior will know in a week what\\ntheir rights are, and will, where opportunity offers,\\nprepare to take them. Instantly, the armies that\\nnow confront you must run home to protect their\\nestates, and must stay there, and your enemies will\\ndisappear.\\nThere can be no safety until this step is taken/\\nWe fancy that the endless debate, emphasized by\\nthe crime and by the cannons of this war, has\\nbrought the Free States to some conviction that it\\ncan never go well with us whilst this mischief of\\nslavery remains in our politics, and that by concert\\nor by might we must put an end to it. But we have\\ntoo much experience of the futility of an easy reli-\\nance on the momentary good dispositions of the\\npublic. There does exist, perhaps, a popular will\\nthat the Union shall not be broken, that our\\ntrade, and therefore our laws, must have the whole\\nbreadth of the continent, and from Canada to the\\nGulf. But, since this is the rooted belief and will\\nof the people, so much the more are they in danger,\\nwhen impatient of defeats, or impatient of taxes, to\\ngo with a rush for some peace and what kind of\\npeace shall at that moment be easiest attained, they", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0212.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. 85\\nwill make concessions for it, will give up the\\nslaves, and the whole torment of the past half-cen-\\ntury will come back to be endured anew.\\nNeither do I doubt, if such a composition should\\ntake place, that the Southerners will come back\\nquietly and politely, leaving their haughty dictation.\\nIt will be an era of good feelings. There will be\\na lull after so loud a storm and, no doubt, there\\nwill be discreet men from that section who will\\nearnestly strive to inaugurate more moderate and\\nfair administration of the Government, and the\\nNorth will for a time have its full share and more,\\nin place and counsel. But this will not last not\\nfor want of sincere good-will in sensible Southern-\\ners, but because Slavery will again speak through\\nthem its harsh necessity. It cannot live but by in-\\njustice, and it will be unjust and violent to the end\\nof the world.\\nThe power of Emancipation is this, that it alters\\nthe atomic social constitution of the Southern peo-\\nple. Now, their interest is in *keeping out white\\nlabor then, when they must pay wages, their inter-\\nest will be to let it in, to get the best labor, and, if\\nthey fear their blacks, to invite Irish, German and\\nAmerican laborers. Thus, whilst Slavery makes\\nand keeps disunion, Emancipation removes the\\nwhole objection to union. Emancipation at one\\nstroke elevates the poor white of the South, and", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0213.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "86 AMERICAN CIVILIZATION.\\nidentifies his interest with that of the Northern\\nlaborer.\\nNow, in the name of all that is simple and gener-\\nous, why should not this great right be done Why\\nshould not America be capable of a second stroke\\nfor the well-being of the human race, as eighty or\\nninety years ago she was for the first, of an affirm-\\native step in the interests of human civility, urged\\non her, too, not by any romance of sentiment, but\\nby her own extreme perils It is very certain that\\nthe statesman who shall break through the cobwebs\\nof doubt, fear and petty cavil that lie in the way,\\nwill be greeted by the unanimous thanks of man-\\nkind. Men reconcile themselves very fast to a bold\\nand good measure when once it is taken, though\\nthey condemned it in advance. A week before the\\ntwo captive commissioners were surrendered to\\nEngland, every one thought it could not be done\\nit would divide the North. It was done, and in two\\ndays all agreed it was the right action. And this\\naction, which costs o little, (the parties injured by\\nit being such a handful that they can very easily\\nbe indemnified,) rids the world, at one stroke, of\\nthis degrading nuisance, the cause of war and ruin\\nto nations. This measure at once puts all parties\\nright. This is borrowing, as I said, the omnipotence\\nof a principle. What is so foolish as the terror\\nlest the blacks should be made furious by freedom", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0214.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. 87\\nand wages? It is denying these that is the outrage,\\nand makes the danger from the blacks. But justice\\nsatisfies everybody, white man, red man, yellow\\nman and black man. All like wages, and the ap-\\npetite grows by feeding.\\nBut this measure, to be effectual, must come\\nspeedily. The weapon is slipping out of our hands.\\nTime, say the Indian Scriptures, drinketh up\\nthe essence of every great and noble action which\\nought to be performed, and which is delayed in the\\nexecution.\\nI hope it is not a fatal objection to this policy\\nthat it is simple and beneficent thoroughly, which\\nis the attribute of a moral action. An unprece-\\ndented material prosperity has not tended to make\\nus Stoics or Christians. But the laws by which the\\nuniverse is organized reappear at every point, and\\nwill rule it. The end of all political struggle is to\\nestablish morality as the basis of all legislation. It\\nis not free institutions, it is not a republic, it is not\\na democracy, that is the end, no, but only the\\nmeans. Morality is the object of government. We\\nwant a state of things in which crime shall not pay.\\nThis is the consolation on which we rest in the dark-\\nness of the future and the afflictions of to-day, that\\nthe government of the world is moral, and does for-\\never destroy what is not. It is the maxim of nat-\\nural philosophers that the natural forces wear out", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0215.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "88 AMERICAN CnHLTZATION.\\nin time all obstacles, and take place and it is the\\nmaxim of history that victory always falls at last\\nwhere it ought to fall or, there is perpetual march\\nand progress to ideas. But, in either case, no link\\nof the chain can drop out. Nature works through\\nher appointed elements and ideas must work\\nthrough the brains and the arms of good and brave\\nmen, or they are no better than dreams.\\nSince the above pages were written, President\\nLincoln has proposed to Congress that the Govern-\\nment shall co-operate with any State that shall en-\\nact a gradual abolishment of Slavery. In the re-\\ncent series of national successes, this Message is\\nthe best. It marks the happiest day in the political\\nyear. The American Executive ranges itself for\\nthe first time on the side of freedom. If Congress\\nhas been backward, the President has advanced.\\nThis state-paper is the more interesting that it ap-\\npears to be the President s individual act, done un-\\nder a strong sense of duty. He speaks his own\\nthought in his own style. All thanks and honor to\\nthe Head of the State The Message has been re-\\nceived throughout the country with praise, and, we\\ndoubt not, with more pleasure than has been spoken.\\nIf Congress accords with the President, it is not\\nyet too late to begin the emancipation but we\\nthink it will always be too late to make it gradual.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0216.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. 89\\nAll experience agrees that it should be immediate.\\nMore and better than the President has spoken\\nshall, perhaps, the effect of this Message be, but,\\nwe are sure, not more or better than he hoped in\\nhis heart, when, thoughtful of all the complexities\\nof his position, he penned these cautious words.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0217.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.\\nIn so many arid forms which States incrust\\nthemselves with, once in a century, if so often, a\\npoetic act and record occur. These are the jets of\\nthought into affairs, when, roused by danger or\\ninspired by genius, the political leaders of the day\\nbreak the else insurmountable routine of class and\\nlocal legislation, and take a step forward in the\\ndirection of catholic and universal interests. Every\\nstep in the history of political liberty is a sally of\\nthe human mind into the untried Future, and has\\nthe interest of genius, and is fruitful in heroic an-\\necdotes. Liberty is a slow fruit. It comes, like\\nreligion, for short periods, and in rare conditions,\\nas if awaiting a culture of the race which shall\\nmake it organic and permanent. Such moments\\nof expansion in modern history were the Confession\\nof Augsburg, the plantation of America, the Eng-\\nlish Commonwealth of 1648, the Declaration of\\nAmerican Independence in 1776, the British eman-\\ncipation of slaves in the West Indies, the passage\\nof the Reform Bill, the repeal of the Corn-Laws,", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0218.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 91\\nthe Magnetic Ocean-Telegraph, though yet imper-\\nfect, the passage of the Homestead Bill in the last\\nCongress, and now, eminently, President Lincoln s\\nProclamation on the twenty-second of September,\\nThese are acts of great scope, working on a long\\nfuture and on permanent interests, and honoring\\nalike those who initiate and those who receive them.\\nThese measures provoke no noisy joy, but are re-\\nceived into a sympathy so deep as to apprise us\\nthat mankind are greater and better than we know.\\nAt such times it appears as if a new public were\\ncreated to greet the new event. It is as when an\\norator, having ended the compliments and pleasant-\\nries with which he conciliated attention, and having\\nrun over the superficial fitness and commodities of\\nthe measure he urges, suddenly, lending himself to\\ncome happy inspiration, announces with vibrating\\nvoice the grand human principles involved the\\nbravos and wits who greeted him loudly thus far\\nare surprised and overawed a new audience is\\nfound in the heart of the assembly, an audience\\nhitherto passive and unconcerned, now at last so\\nsearched and kindled that they come forward,\\nevery one a representative of mankind, standing\\nfor all nationalities.\\nThe extreme moderation with which the Presi-\\ndent advanced to his design, his long-avowed ex-\\npectant policy, as if he chose to be strictly the ex-", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0219.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "92 SPEECH ON THE\\necutive of the best public sentiment of the country,\\nwaiting only till it should be unmistakably pro-\\nnounced, so fair a mind that none ever listened\\nso patiently to such extreme varieties of opinion,\\nso reticent that his decision has taken all parties\\nby surprise, whilst yet it is just the sequel of his\\nprior acts, the firm tone in which he announces\\nit, without inflation or surplusage, all these have\\nbespoken such favor to the act, that, great as the\\npopularity of the President has been, we are be-\\nginning to think that we have underestimated the\\ncapacity and virtue which the Divine Providence\\nhas made an instrument of benefit so vast. He\\nhas been permitted to do more for America than\\nany other American man. He is well entitled to\\nthe most indulgent construction. Forget all that\\nwe thought shortcomings, every mistake, every de-\\nlay. In the extreme embarrassments of his part,\\ncall these endurance, wisdom, magnanimity; illu-\\nminated, as they now are, by this dazzling success.\\nWhen we consider the immense opposition that\\nhas been neutralized or converted by the progress\\nof the war (for it is not long since the President\\nanticipated the resignation of a large number of\\nofficers in the army, and the secession of three\\nStates, on the promulgation of this policy), when\\nwe see how the great stake which foreign nations\\nhold in our affairs has recently brought every Euro-", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0220.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 93\\npean power as a client into this court, and it be-\\ncame every day more apparent what gigantic and\\nwhat remote interests were to be affected by the\\ndecision of the President, one can hardly say the\\ndeliberation was too long. Against all timorous\\ncounsels he had the courage to seize the moment\\nand such was his position, and such the felicity at-\\ntending the action, that he has replaced Govern-\\nment in the good graces of mankind. Better is\\nvirtue in the sovereign than plenty in the season,\\nsay the Chinese. Tis wonderful what power is,\\nand how ill it is used, and how its ill use makes\\nlife mean, and the sunshine dark. Life in America\\nhad lost much of its attraction in the later years.\\nThe virtues of a good magistrate undo a world of\\nmischief, and, because Nature works with rectitude,\\nseem vastly more potent than the acts of bad gov-\\nernors, which are ever tempered by the good-nature\\nin the people, and the incessant resistance which\\nfraud and violence encounter. The acts of good\\ngovernors work a geometrical ratio, as one midsum-\\nmer day seems to repair the damage of a year of\\nwar.\\nA day which most of us dared not hope to see,\\nan event worth the dreadful war, worth its costs\\nand uncertainties, seems now to be close before us.\\nOctober, November, December will have passed\\nover beating hearts and plotting brains then the", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0221.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "94 SPEECH ON THE\\nhour will strike, and all men of African descent\\nwho have faculty enough to find their way to our\\nlines are assured of the protection of American\\nlaw.\\nIt is by no means necessary that this measure\\nshoidd be suddenly marked by any signal results\\non the negroes or on the Rebel masters. The force\\nof the act is that it commits the country to this\\njustice, that it compels the innumerable officers,\\ncivil, military, naval, of the Republic to range\\nthemselves on the line of this equity. It draws the\\nfashion to this side. It is not a measure that ad-\\nmits of being taken back. Done, it cannot be un-\\ndone by a new Administration. For slavery over-\\npowers the disgust of the moral sentiment only\\nthrough immemorial usage. It cannot be intro-\\nduced as an improvement of the nineteenth century.\\nThis act makes that the lives of our heroes have\\nnot been sacrificed in vain. It makes a victory of\\nour defeats. Our hurts are healed the health of\\nthe nation is repaired. With a victory like this,\\nwe can stand many disasters. It does not promise\\nthe redemption of the black race that lies not with\\nus but it relieves it of our opposition. The Presi-\\ndent by this act has paroled all the slaves in Amer-\\nica they will no more fight against us i and it re-\\nlieves our race once for all of its crime and false\\nposition. The first condition of success is secured", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0222.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 95\\nin putting ourselves right. We have recovered\\nourselves from our false position, and planted our-\\nselves on a law of Nature\\nIf that fail,\\nThe pillared firmament is rottenness,\\nAnd earth s base built on stubble.\\nThe Government has assured itself of the best con-\\nstituency in the world every spark of intellect,\\nevery virtuous feeling, every religious heart, every\\nman of honor, every poet, every philosopher, the\\ngenerosity of the cities, the health of the country,\\nthe strong arms of the mechanic, the endurance of\\nfarmers, the passionate conscience of women, the\\nsympathy of distant nations, all rally to its sup-\\nport.\\nOf course, we are assuming the firmness of the\\npolicy thus declared. It must not be a paper proc-\\nlamation. We confide that Mr. Lincoln is in ear-\\nnest, and, as he has been slow in making up his\\nmind, has resisted the importunacy of parties and\\nof events to the latest moment, he will be as abso-\\nlute in his adhesion. Not only will he repeat and\\nfollow up his stroke, but the nation will add its ir-\\nresistible strength. If the ruler has duties, so has\\nthe citizen. In times like these, when the nation is\\nimperilled, what man can, without shame, receive\\ngood news from day to day without giving good\\nnews of himself What right has any one to read", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0223.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "96 SPEECH ON THE\\nin the journals tidings of victories, if he has not\\nbought them by his own valor, treasure, personal\\nsacrifice, or by service as good in his own depart-\\nment? With this blot removed from our national\\nhonor, this heavy load lifted off the national heart,\\nwe shall not fear henceforward to show our faces\\namong mankind. We shall cease to be hypocrites\\nand pretenders, but what we have styled our free\\ninstitutions will be such.\\nIn the light of this event the public distress be-\\ngins to be removed. What if the brokers quota-\\ntions show our stocks discredited, and the gold dol-\\nlar costs one hundred and twenty-seven cents?\\nThese tables are fallacious. Every acre in the\\nFree States gained substantial value on the twenty-\\nsecond of September. The cause of disunion and\\nwar has been reached and begun to be removed.\\nEvery man s house-lot and garden are relieved of\\nthe malaria which the purest winds and strongest\\nsunshine could not penetrate and purge. The ter-\\nritory of the Union shines to-day with a lustre\\nwhich every European emigrant can discern from\\nfar a sign of inmost security and permanence. Is\\nit feared that taxes will check immigration That\\ndepends on what the taxes are spent for. If they\\ngo to fill up this yawning Dismal Swamp, which en-\\ngulfed armies and populations, and created plague,\\nand neutralized hitherto all the vast capabilities of", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0224.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 97\\nthis continent, then this taxation, which makes\\nthe land wholesome and habitable, and will draw all\\nmen unto it, is the best investment in which prop-\\nerty-holder ever lodged his earnings.\\nWhilst we have pointed out the opportuneness of\\nthe Proclamation, it remains to be said that the\\nPresident had no choice. He might look wistfully\\nfor what variety of courses lay open to him every\\nline but one was closed up with fire. This one, too,\\nbristled with danger, but through it was the sole\\nsafety. The measure he has adopted was impera-\\ntive. It is wonderful to see the unseasonable senil-\\nity of what is called the Peace Party, through all its\\nmasks, blinding their eyes to the main feature of\\nthe war, namely, its inevitableness. The war ex-\\nisted long before the cannonade of Sumter, and\\ncould not be postponed. It might have begun other-\\nwise or elsewhere, but war was in the minds and\\nbones of the combatants, it was written on the iron\\nleaf, and you might as easily dodge gravitation. If\\nwe had consented to a peaceable secession of the\\nRebels, the divided sentiment of the Border States\\nmade peaceable secession impossible, the insatiable\\ntemper of the South made it impossible, and the\\nslaves on the border, wherever the border might be,\\nwere an incessant fuel to rekindle the fire. Give\\nthe Confederacy New Orleans, Charleston, and Rich-\\nmond, and they would have demanded St. Louis", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0225.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "98 SPEECH ON THE\\nand Baltimore. Give them these, and they would\\nhave insisted on Washington. Give them Wash-\\nington, and they would have assumed the army and\\nnavy, and, through these, Philadelphia, New York,\\nand Boston. It looks as if the battle-field would\\nhave been at least as large in that event as it is\\nnow. The war was formidable, but could not be\\navoided. The war was and is an immense mischief,\\nbut brought with it the immense benefit of drawing\\na line and rallying the Free States to fix it impas-\\nsably, preventing the whole force of Southern\\nconnection and influence throughout the North from\\ndistracting every city with endless confusion, de-\\ntaching that force and reducing it to handfuls, and,\\nin the progress of hostilities, disinfecting us of our\\nhabitual proclivity, through the affection of trade\\nand the traditions of the Democratic party, to follow\\nSouthern leading.\\nThese necessities which have dictated the conduct\\nof the Federal Government are overlooked especial-\\nly by our foreign critics. The popular statement\\nof the opponents of the war abroad is the impossi-\\nbility of our success. If you could add, say they,\\nto your strength the whole army of England, of\\nFrance and of Austria, you could not coerce eight\\nmillions of people to come under this Government\\nagainst their will. This is an odd thing for an\\nEnglishman, a Frenchman, or an Austrian to say,", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0226.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 99\\nwho remembers Europe of the last seventy years,\\nthe condition of Italy, until 1859, of Poland,\\nsince 1793, of France, of French Algiers, of\\nBritish Ireland, and British India. But, granting\\nthe truth, rightly read, of the historical aphorism,\\nthat the people always conquer, it is to be noted\\nthat, in the Southern States, the tenure of land\\nand the local laws, with slavery, give the social sys-\\ntem not a democratic but an aristocratic complex-\\nion and those States have shown every year a more\\nhostile and aggressive temper, until the instinct of\\nself-preservation forced us into the war. And the\\naim of the war on our part is indicated by the aim\\nof the President s Proclamation, namely, to break\\nup the false combination of Southern society, to\\ndestroy the piratic feature in it which makes it our\\nenemy only as it is the enemy of the human race,\\nand so allow its reconstruction on a just and health-\\nful basis. Then new affinities will act, the old re-\\npulsion will cease, and, the cause of war being re-\\nmoved, Nature and trade may be trusted to establish\\na lasting peace.\\nWe think we cannot overstate the wisdom and\\nbenefit of this act of the Government. The malis-\\nnant cry of the Secession press within the Free\\nStates, and the recent action of the Confederate\\nCongress, are decisive as to its efficiency and cor-\\nrectness of aim. Not less so is the silent joy which", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0227.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "100 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.\\nhas greeted it in all generous hearts, and the new\\nhope it has breathed into the world. It was well\\nto delay the steamers at the wharves until this edict\\ncould be put on board. It will be an insurance to\\nthe ship as it goes plunging through the sea with\\nglad tidings to all people. Happy are the young,\\nwho find the pestilence cleansed out of the earth,\\nleaving open to them an honest career. Happy the\\nold, who see Nature purified before they depart.\\nDo not let the dying die hold them back to this\\nworld, until you have charged their ear and heart\\nwith this message to other spiritual societies, an-\\nnouncing the melioration of our planet\\nIncertainties now crown themselves assured,\\nAnd Peace proclaims olives of endless age.\\nMeantime that ill-fated, much-injured race which\\nthe Proclamation respects will lose somewhat of the\\ndejection sculptured for ages in their bronzed coun-\\ntenance, uttered in the wailing of their plaintive\\nmusic, a race naturally benevolent, docile, indus-\\ntrious, and whose very miseries sprang from their\\ngreat talent for usefulness, which, in a more moral\\nage, will not only defend their independence, but\\nwill give them a rank among nations.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0228.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN\\nWe meet under the gloom of a calamity which\\ndarkens down over the minds of good men in all\\ncivil society, as the fearful tidings travel over sea,\\nover land, from country to country, like the shadow\\nof an uncalculated eclipse over the planet. Old as\\nhistory is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt\\nif any death has caused so much pain to mankind\\nas this has caused, or will cause, on its announce-\\nment and this, not so much because nations are\\nby modern arts brought so closely together, as be-\\ncause of the mysterious hopes and fears which, in\\nthe present day, are connected with the name and\\ninstitutions of America.\\nIn this country, on Saturday, every one was\\nstruck dumb, and saw at first only deep below deep,\\nas he meditated on the ghastly blow. And perhaps,\\nat this hour, when the coffin which contains the\\ndust of the President sets forward on its long march\\nthrough mourning States, on its way to his home in\\nIllinois, we might well be silent, and suffer the aw-\\nful voices of the time to thunder to us. Yes, but", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0229.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "102 ABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nthat first despair was brief the man was not so to\\nbe mourned. He was the most active and hopeful\\nof men and his work had not perished but accla-\\nmations of praise for the task he had accomplished\\nburst out into a song of triumph, which even tears\\nfor his death cannot keep down.\\nThe President stood before us as a man of the\\npeople. He was thoroughly American, had never\\ncrossed the sea, had never been spoiled by English\\ninsularity or French dissipation a quite native,\\naboriginal man, as an acorn from the oak no ap-\\ning of foreigners, no frivolous accomplishments,\\nKentuckian born, working on a farm, a flatboat-\\nman, a captain in the Black Hawk war, a country\\nlawyer, a representative in the rural Legislature of\\nIllinois on such modest foundations the broad\\nstructure of his fame was laid. How slowly, and\\nyet by happily prepared steps, he came to his place.\\nAll of us remember, it is only a history of five\\nor six years, the surprise and the disappointment\\nof the country at his first nomination by the Con-\\nvention at Chicago. Mr. Seward, then in the cul-\\nmination of his good fame, was the favorite of the\\nEastern States. And when the new and compara-\\ntively unknown name of Lincoln was announced,\\n(notwithstanding the report of the acclamations of\\nthat Convention,) we heard the result coldly and\\nsadly. It seemed too rash, on a purely local repu-", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0230.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 103\\ntation, to build so grave a trust in such anxious\\ntimes and men naturally talked of the chances in\\npolitics as incalculable. But it turned out not to\\nbe chance. The profound good opinion which the\\npeople of Illinois and of the West had conceived of\\nhim, and which they had imparted to their col-\\nleagues that they also might justify themselves to\\ntheir constituents at home, was not rash, though\\nthey did not begin to know the riches of his worth.\\nA plain man of the people, an extraordinary for-\\ntune attended him. He offered no shining qualities\\nat the first encounter he did not offend by superior-\\nity. He had a face and manner which disarmed\\nsuspicion, which inspired confidence, which con-\\nfirmed good-will. He was a man without vices. He\\nhad a strong sense of duty, which it was very easy\\nfor him to obey. Then, he had what farmers call\\na long head was excellent in working out the sum\\nfor himself in arguing his case and convincing you\\nfairly and firmly. Then, it turned out that he was\\na great worker had prodigious faculty of perform-\\nance worked easily. A good worker is so rare\\neverybody has some disabling quality. In a host\\nof young men that start together and promise so\\nmany brilliant leaders for the next age, each fails\\non trial one by bad health, one by conceit, or by\\nlove of pleasure, or lethargy, or an ugly temper,\\neach has some disqualifying fault that throws him", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0231.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "104 ABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nout of the career. But this man was sound to the\\ncore, cheerful, persistent, all right for labor, and\\nliked nothing so well.\\nThen, he had a vast good-nature, which made him\\ntolerant and accessible to all fair-minded, leaning\\nto the claim of the petitioner affable, and not sen-\\nsible to the affliction which the innumerable visits\\npaid to him when President would have brought\\nto any one else. And how this good-nature became\\na noble humanity, in many a tragic case which the\\nevents of the war brought to him, every one will re-\\nmember and with what increasing tenderness he\\ndealt when a whole race was thrown on his compas-\\nsion. The poor negro said of him, on an impres-\\nsive occasion, Massa Linkum am eberywhere.\\nThen his broad good-humor, running easily into\\njocular talk, in which he delighted and in which he\\nexcelled, was a rich gift to this wise man. It en-\\nabled him to keep his secret to meet every kind of\\nman and every rank in society to take off the edge\\nof the severest decisions to mask his own purpose\\nand sound his companion and to catch with true\\ninstinct the temper of every company he addressed.\\nAnd, more than all, it is to a man of severe labor,\\nin anxious and exhausting crises, the natural restor-\\native, good as sleep, and is the protection of the\\noverdriven brain against rancor and insanity.\\nHe is the author of a multitude of good sayings,", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0232.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 105\\nso disguised as pleasantries that it is certain they\\nhad no reputation at first but as jests and only\\nlater, by the very acceptance and adoption they find\\nin the mouths of millions, turn out to be the wisdom\\nof the hour. I am sure if this man had ruled in a\\nperiod of less facility of printing, he would have\\nbecome mythological in a very few years, like iEsop\\nor Pilpay, or one of the Seven Wise Masters, by\\nhis fables and proverbs. But the weight and pene-\\ntration of many passages in his letters, messages\\nand speeches, hidden now by the very closeness of\\ntheir application to the moment, are destined here-\\nafter to wide fame. What pregnant definitions;\\nwhat unerring common sense what foresight and,\\non great occasion, what lofty, and more than na-\\ntional, what humane tone! His brief speech at\\nGettysburg will not easily be surpassed by words\\non any recorded occasion. This, and one other\\nAmerican speech, that of John Brown to the court\\nthat tried him, and a part of Kossuth s speech at\\nBirmingham, can only be compared with each\\nother, and with no fourth.\\nHis occupying the chair of State was a triumph\\nof the good-sense of mankind, and of the public\\nconscience. This middle-class country had got a\\nmiddle-class President, at last. Yes, in manners\\nand sympathies, but not in powers, for his powers\\nwere superior. This man grew according to the", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0233.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "106 ABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nneed. His mind mastered the problem of the day;\\nand, as the problem grew, so did his comprehen-\\nsion of it. Karely was man so fitted to the event.\\nIn the midst of fears and jealousies, in the Babel\\nof counsels and parties, this man wrought inces-\\nsantly with all his might and all his honesty, labor-\\ning to find what the people wanted, and how to\\nobtain that. It cannot be said there is any exag-\\ngeration of his worth. If ever a man was fairly\\ntested, he was. There was no lack of resistance,\\nnor of slander, nor of ridicule. The times have al-\\nlowed no state secrets the nation has been in such\\nferment, such multitudes had to be trusted, that no\\nsecret could be kept. Every door was ajar, and we\\nknow all that befell.\\nThen, what an occasion was the whirlwind of the\\nwar. Here was place for no holiday magistrate,\\nno fair-weather sailor the new pilot was hurried\\nto the helm in a tornado. In four years, four\\nyears of battle-days, his endurance, his fertility\\nof resources, his magnanimity, were sorely tried\\nand never found wanting. There, by his courage,\\nhis justice, his even temper, his fertile counsel, his\\nhumanity, he stood a heroic figure in the centre of\\na heroic epoch. He is the true history of the\\nAmerican people in his time. Step by step he\\nwalked before them; slow with their slowness,\\nquickening his march by theirs, the true represen-", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0234.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 107\\ntative of this continent an entirely public man\\nfather of his country, the pulse of twenty millions\\nthrobbing in his heart, the thought of their minds\\narticulated by his tongue.\\nAdam Smith remarks that the axe, which in\\nHoubraken s portraits of British kings and wor-\\nthies is engraved under those who have suffered at\\nthe block, adds a certain lofty charm to the picture.\\nAnd who does not see, even in this tragedy so re-\\ncent, how fast the terror and ruin of the massacre\\nare already burning into glory around the victim\\nFar happier this fate than to have lived to be\\nwished away to have watched the decay of his\\nown faculties to have seen, perhaps even he,\\nthe proverbial ingratitude of statesmen to have\\nseen mean men preferred. Had he not lived long\\nenough to keep the greatest promise that ever man\\nmade to his fellow-men, the practical abolition\\nof slavery He had seen Tennessee, Missouri and\\nMaryland emancipate their slaves. He had seen\\nSavannah, Charleston and Richmond surrendered\\nhad seen the main army of the rebellion lay down\\nits arms. He had conquered the public opinion of\\nCanada, England and France. Only Washington\\ncan compare with him in fortune.\\nAnd what if it should turn out, in the unfolding\\nof the web, that he had reached the term that\\nthis heroic deliverer could no longer serve us that", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0235.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "108 ABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nthe rebellion had touched its natural conclusion,\\nand what remained to be done required new and\\nuncommitted hands, a new spirit born out of the\\nashes of the war; and that Heaven, wishing to\\nshow the world a completed benefactor, shall make\\nhim serve his country even more by his death than\\nby his life Nations, like kings, are not good by\\nfacility and complaisance. The kindness of kings\\nconsists in justice and strength. Easy good-na-\\nture has been the dangerous foible of the Republic,\\nand it was necessary that its enemies should out-\\nrage it, and drive us to unwonted firmness, to se-\\ncure the salvation of this country in the next ages.\\nThe ancients believed in a serene and beautiful\\nGenius which ruled in the affairs of nations which,\\nwith a slow but stern justice, carried forward the\\nfortunes of certain chosen houses, weeding out sin-\\ngle offenders or offending families, and securing\\nat last the firm prosperity of the favorites of\\nHeaven. It was too narrow a view of the Eternal\\nNemesis. There is a serene Providence which rules\\nthe fate of nations, which makes little account of\\ntime, little of one generation or race, makes no ac-\\ncount of disasters, conquers alike by what is called\\ndefeat or by what is called victory, thrusts aside en-\\nemy and obstruction, crushes everything immoral as\\ninhuman, and obtains the ultimate triumph of the\\nbest race by the sacrifice of everything which resists", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0236.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 109\\nthe moral laws of the world. It makes its own in-\\nstruments, creates the man for the time, trains him\\nin poverty, inspires his genius, and arms him for\\nhis task. It has given every race its own talent,\\nand ordains that only that race which combines\\nperfectly with the virtues of all shall endure.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0237.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "THE AMEKICAJS SCHOLAB.\\nMe. President and Gentlemen,\\nI greet you on the recommencement of our lit-\\nerary year. Our anniversary is one of hope, and,\\nperhaps, not enough of labor. We do not meet\\nfor games of strength or skill, for the recitation of\\nhistories, tragedies, and odes, like the ancient\\nGreeks for parliaments of love and poesy, like\\nthe Troubadours nor for the advancement of sci-\\nence, like our contemporaries in the British and\\nEuropean capitals. Thus far, our holiday has been\\nsimply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of\\nletters amongst a people too busy to give to letters\\nany more. As such it is precious as the sign of an\\nindestructible instinct. Perhaps the time is al-\\nready come when it ought to be, and will be, some-\\nthing else when the sluggard intellect of this con-\\ntinent will look from under its iron lids and fill the\\npostponed expectation of the world with something\\nbetter than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our\\nday of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the\\nlearning of other lands, draws to a close. The mil-", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0238.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. Ill\\nlions that around us are rushing into life, cannot\\nalways be fed on the sere remains of foreign har-\\nvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung,\\nthat will sing themselves. Who can doubt that\\npoetry will revive and lead in a new age, as the star\\nin the constellation Harp, which now flames in ou*\\nzenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the\\npole-star for a thousand years\\nIn this hope I accept the topic which not only\\nusage but the nature of our association seem to\\nprescribe to this day, the American Scholar.\\nYear by year we come up hither to read one more\\nchapter of his biography. Let us inquire what\\nlight new days and events have thrown on his char-\\nacter and his hopes.\\nIt is one of those fables which out of an unknown\\nantiquity convey an unlooked-for wisdom, that the\\ngods, in the beginning, divided Man into men, that\\nhe might be more helpful to himself; just as the\\nhand was divided into fingers, the better to answer\\nits end.\\nThe old fable covers a doctrine ever new and\\nsublime: that there is One Man,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 present to all\\nparticular men only partially, or through one fac-\\nulty and that you must take the whole society to\\nfind the whole man. Man is not a farmer, or a\\nprofessor, or an engineer, but he is all. Man is\\npriest, and scholar, and statesman, and producer,", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0239.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "112 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nand soldier. In the divided or social state these\\nfunctions are parcelled out to individuals, each of\\nwhom aims to do his stint of the joint work, whilst\\neach other performs his. The fable implies that\\nthe individual, to possess himself, must sometimes\\nreturn from his own labor to embrace all the other\\nlaborers. But, unfortunately, this original unit,\\nthis fountain of power, has been so distributed to\\nmultitudes, has been so minutely subdivided and\\npeddled out, that it is spilled into drops, and can-\\nnot be gathered. The state of society is one in\\nwhich the members have suffered amputation from\\nthe trunk, and strut about so many walking mon-\\nsters, a good finger, a neck, a stomach, an el-\\nbow, but never a man.\\nMan is thus metamorphosed into a thing, into\\nmany things. The planter, who is Man sent out\\ninto the field to gather food, is seldom cheered by\\nany idea of the true dignity of his ministry. He\\nsees his bushel and his cart, and nothing beyond,\\nand sinks into the farmer, instead of Man on the\\nfarm. The tradesman scarcely ever gives an ideal\\nworth to his work, but is ridden by the routine of\\nIbis craft, and the soul is subject to dollars. The\\npriest becomes a form the attorney a statute-book\\nthe mechanic a machine the sailor a rope of the\\nship.\\nIn this distribution of functions the scholar is", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0240.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 113\\nthe delegated intellect. In the right state he is\\nMan Thinking. In the degenerate state, when\\nthe victim of society, he tends to become a mere\\nthinker, or still worse, the parrot of other men s\\nthinking.\\nIn this view of him, as Man Thinking, the the-\\nory of his office is contained. Him Nature solicits\\nwith all her placid, all her monitory pictures him\\nthe past instructs him the future invites. Is not\\nindeed every man a student, and do not all things\\nexist for the student s behoof? And, finally, is not\\nthe true scholar the only true master But the\\nold oracle said, All things have two handles be-\\nware of the wrong one. In life, too often, the\\nscholar errs with mankind and forfeits his privi-\\nlege. Let us see him in his school, and consider\\nhim in reference to the main influences he re-\\nceives.\\nI. The first in time and the first in importance\\nof the influences upon the mind is that of nature.\\nEvery day, the sun and, after sunset, Night and\\nher stars. Ever the winds blow ever the grass\\ngrows. Every day, men and women, conversing,\\nbeholding and beholden. The scholar is he of all\\nmen whom this spectacle most engages. He must\\nsettle its value in his mind. What is nature to\\nhim There is never a beginning, there is never", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0241.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "114 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nan end, to the inexplicable continuity of this web\\nof God, but always circular power returning into it-\\nself. Therein it resembles his own spirit, whose\\nbeginning, whose ending, he never can find, so\\nentire, so boundless. Far too as her splendors\\nshine, system on system shooting like rays, up-\\nward, downward, without centre, without circum-\\nference, in the mass and in the particle, Nature\\nhastens to render account of herself to the mind.\\nClassification begins. To the young mind every\\nthing is individual, stands by itself. By and by, it\\nfinds how to join two things and see in them one\\nnature then three, then three thousand and so,\\ntyrannized over by its own unifying instinct, it goes\\non tying things together, diminishing anomalies,\\ndiscovering roots running under ground whereby\\ncontrary and remote things cohere and flower out\\nfrom one stem. It presently learns that since the\\ndawn of history there has been a constant accumu-\\nlation and classifying of facts. But what is classi-\\nfication but the perceiving that these objects are\\nnot chaotic, and are not foreign, but have a law\\nwhich is also a law of the human mind The as-\\ntronomer discovers that geometry, a pure abstrac-\\ntion of the human mind, is the measure of plan-\\netary motion. The chemist finds proportions and\\nintelligible method throughout matter and sci-\\nence is nothing but the finding of analogy, iden-", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0242.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "TEE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 115\\ntity, in the most remote parts. The ambitious sou]\\nsits down before each refractory fact one after an-\\nother reduces all strange constitutions, all new pow-\\ners, to their class and their law, and goes on for-\\never to animate the last fibre of organization, the\\noutskirts of nature, by insight.\\nThus to him, to this school-boy under the bend-\\ning dome of day, is suggested that he and it pro-\\nceed from one root one is leaf and one is flower\\nrelation, sympathy, stirring in every vein. And\\nwhat is that root? Is not that the soul of his soul?\\nA thought too bold a dream too wild. Yet when\\nthis spiritual light shall have revealed the law of\\nmore earthly natures, when he has learned to\\nworship the soul, and to see that the natural philo-\\nsophy that now is, is only the first gropings of its\\ngigantic hand, he shall look forward to an ever ex-\\npanding knowledge as to a becoming creator. He\\nshall see that nature is the opposite of the soul,\\nanswering to it part for part. One is seal and one\\nis print. Its beauty is the beauty of his own mind.\\nIts laws are the laws of his own mind. Nature\\nthen becomes to him the measure of his attain-\\nments. So much of nature as he is ignorant of, so\\nmuch of his own mind does he not yet possess.\\nAnd, in fine, the ancient precept, Know thyself,\\nand the modern precept, Study nature, become\\nat last one maxim.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0243.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "116 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nII. The next great influence nto the spirit of\\nthe scholar is the mind of the Past, in whatever\\nform, whether of literature, of art, of institutions,\\nthat mind is inscribed. Books are the best type of\\nthe influence of the past, and perhaps we shall get\\nat the truth, learn the amount of this influence\\nmore conveniently, by considering their value\\nalone.\\nThe theory of books is noble. The scholar of\\nthe first age received into him the world around\\nbrooded thereon gave it the new arrangement of\\nhis own mind, and uttered it again. It came into\\nhim life; it went out from him truth. It came\\nto him short-lived actions it went out from him\\nimmortal thoughts. It came to him business it\\nwent from him poetry. It was dead fact now, it\\nis quick thought. It can stand, and it can go. It\\nnow endures, it now flies, it now inspires. Pre-\\ncisely in proportion to the depth of mind from\\nwhich it issued, so high does it soar, so long does\\nit sing.\\nOr, I might say, it depends on how far the pro-\\ncess had gone, of transmuting life into truth. In\\nproportion to the completeness of the distillation,\\nso will the purity and imperishableness of the pro-\\nduct be. But none is quite perfect. As no air-\\npump can by any means make a perfect vacuum,\\nso neither can any artist entirely exclude the con*", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0244.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 117\\nventional, the local, the perishable from his book,\\nor write a book of pure thought, that shall be as\\nefficient, in all respects, to a remote posterity, as to\\ncontemporaries, or rather to the second age. Each\\nage, it is found, must write its own books or\\nrather, each generation for the next succeeding.\\nThe books of an older period will not fit this.\\nYet hence arises o, grave mischief. The sacred-\\nness which attaches to the act of creation, the act\\nof thought, is transferred to the record. The poet\\nchanting was felt to be a divine man henceforth\\nthe chant is divine also. The writer was a just and\\nwise spirit henceforward it is settled the book is\\nperfect as love of the hero corrupts into worship\\nof his statue. Instantly the book becomes noxious\\nthe guide is a tyrant. The sluggish and perverted\\nmind of the multitude, slow to open to the incur-\\nsions of Reason, having once so opened, having\\nonce received this book, stands upon it, and makes\\nan outcry if it is disparaged. Colleges are built\\non it. Books are written on it by thinkers, not by\\nMan Thinking; by men of talent, that is, who start\\nwrong, who set out from accepted dogmas, not\\nfrom their own sight of principles. Meek young\\nmen grow up in libraries, believing it their duty to\\naccept the views which Cicero, which Locke, which\\nBacon, have given; forgetful that Cicero, Locke,\\nand Bacon were only young men in libraries when\\nthey wrote these books.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0245.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "118 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR,\\nHence, instead of Man Thinking, we have the\\nbookworm. Hence the book -learned class, who\\nvalue books, as such not as related to nature and\\nthe human constitution, but as making a sort of\\nThird Estate with the world and the soul. Hence\\nthe restorers of readings, the emendators, the bib-\\nliomaniacs of all degrees.\\nBooks are the best of things, well used abused,\\namong the worst. What is the right use What\\nis the one end which all means go to effect They\\nare for nothing but to inspire. I had better never\\nsee a book than to be warped by its attraction\\nclean out of my own orbit, and made a satellite in-\\nstead of a system. The one thing in the world, of\\nvalue, is the active soul. This every man is en-\\ntitled to this every man contains within him,\\nalthough in almost all men obstructed, and as yet\\nunborn. The soul active sees absolute truth and\\nutters truth, or creates. In this action it is genius\\nnot the privilege of here and there a favorite, but\\nthe sound estate of every man. In its essence it\\nis progressive. The book, the college, the school\\nof art, the institution of any kind, stop with some\\npast utterance of genius. This is good, say they,\\nlet us hold by this. They pin me down. They\\nlook backward and not forward. But genius looks\\nforward the eyes of man are set in his forehead,\\nnot in his hindhead; man hopes: genius creates.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0246.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 119\\nWhatever talents may be, if the man create not,\\nthe pure efflux of the Deity is not his cinders\\nand smoke there may be, but not yet flame. There\\nare creative manners, there are creative actions,\\nand creative words manners, actions, words, that\\nis, indicative of no custom or authority, but spring-\\ning spontaneous from the mind s own sense of good\\nand fair.\\nOn the other part, instead of being its own seer,\\nlet it receive from another mind its truth, though\\nit were in torrents of light, without periods of soli-\\ntude, inquest, and self-recovery, and a fatal disser-\\nvice is done. Genius is always sufficiently the en-\\nemy of genius by over-influence. The literature of\\nevery nation bears me witness. The English dra-\\nmatic poets have Shakspearized now for two hun-\\ndred years.\\nUndoubtedly there is a right way of reading, so\\nit be sternly subordinated. Man Thinking must\\nnot be subdued by his instruments. Books are for\\nthe scholar s idle times. When he can read God\\ndirectly, the hour is too precious to be wasted in\\nother men s transcripts of their readings. But\\nwhen the intervals of darkness come, as come they\\nmust, when the sun is hid and the stars with-\\ndraw their shining, we repair to the lamps\\nwhich were kindled by their ray, to guide our steps\\nto the East again, where the dawn is. We hear,", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0247.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "120 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR\\nthat we may speak. The Arabian proverb says, A\\nfig tree, looking on a fig tree, becometh fruitful.\\nIt is remarkable, the character of the pleasure\\nwe derive from the best books. They impress us\\nwith the conviction that one nature wrote and the\\nsame reads. We read the verses of one of the\\ngreat English poets, of Chaucer, of Marvell, of\\nDryden, with the most modern joy, with a pleas-\\nure, I mean, which is in great part caused by\\nthe abstraction of all time from their verses. There\\nis some awe mixed with the joy of our surprise,\\nwhen this poet, who lived in some past world, two\\nor three hundred years ago, says that which lies\\nclose to my own soul, that which I also had well-\\nnigh thought and said. But for the evidence thence\\nafforded to the philosophical doctrine of the iden-\\ntity of all minds, we should suppose some preestab-\\nlished harmony, some foresight of souls that were\\nto be, and some preparation of stores for their fu-\\nture wants, like the fact observed in insects, who lay\\nup food before death for the young grub they shall\\nnever see.\\nI would not be hurried by any love of system, by\\nany exaggeration of instincts, to underrate the\\nBook. We all know, that as the human body can\\nbe nourished on any food, though it were boiled\\ngrass and the broth of shoes, so the human mind\\ncan be fed by any knowledge. And great and", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0248.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 121\\nheroic men have existed who had almost no other\\ninformation than by the printed page. I only\\nwould say that it needs a strong head to bear that\\ndiet. One must be an inventor to read well. As\\nthe proverb says, He that would bring home the\\nwealth of the Indies, must carry out the wealth of\\nthe Indies. There is then creative reading as well\\nas creative writing. When the mind is braced by\\nlabor and invention, the page of whatever book\\nwe read becomes luminous with manifold allusion.\\nEvery sentence is doubly significant, and the sense\\nof our author is as broad as the world. We then\\nsee, what is always true, that as the seer s hour of\\nvision is short and rare among heavy days and\\nmonths, so is its record, perchance, the least part\\nof his volume. The discerning will read, in his\\nPlato or Shakspeare, only that least part, only\\nthe authentic utterances of the oracle all the\\nrest he rejects, were it never so many times Plato s\\nand Shakspeare s.\\nOf course there is a portion of reading quite indis-\\npensable to a wise man. History and exact science\\nhe must learn by laborious reading. Colleges, in like\\nmanner, have their indispensable office, to teach\\nelements. But they can only highly serve us when\\nthey aim not to drill, but to create when they\\ngather from far every ray of various genius to their\\nhospitable halls, and by the concentrated fires, set", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0249.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "122 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR\\nthe hearts of their youth on flame. Thought and\\nknowledge are natures in which apparatus and pre-\\ntension avail nothing. Gowns and pecuniary foun-\\ndations, though of towns of gold, can never counter-\\nvail the least sentence or syllable of wit. Forget this 5\\nand our American colleges will recede in their pub-\\nlic importance, whilst they grow richer every year.\\nIII. There goes in the world a notion that the\\nscholar should be a recluse, a valetudinarian, as\\nunfit for any handiwork or public labor as a pen-\\nknife for an axe. The so-called practical men\\nsneer at speculative men, as if, because they specu-\\nlate or see, they could do nothing. I have heard it\\nsaid that the clergy, who are always, more uni-\\nversally than any other class, the scholars of their\\nday, are addressed as women that the rough,\\nspontaneous conversation of men they do not hear,\\nbut only a mincing and diluted speech. They are\\noften virtually disfranchised and indeed there are\\nadvocates for their celibacy. As far as this is true\\nof the studious classes, it is not just and wise. Ac-\\ntion is with the scholar subordinate, but it is essen-\\ntial. Without it he is not yet man. Without it\\nthought can never ripen into truth. Whilst the\\nworld hangs before the eye as a cloud of beauty, we\\ncannot even see its beauty. Inaction is cowardice,\\nbut there can be no scholar without the heroic", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0250.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 123\\nmind. The preamble of thought, the transition\\nthrough which it passes from the unconscious to the\\nconscious, is action. Only so much do I know, as\\nI have lived. Instantly we know whose words are\\nloaded with life, and whose not.\\nThe world, this shadow of the soul, or other me^\\nlies wide around. Its attractions are the keys\\nwhich unlock my thoughts and make me acquainted\\nwith myself. I run eagerly into this resounding\\ntumult. I grasp the hands of those next me, and\\ntake my place in the ring to suffer and to work,\\ntaught by an instinct that so shall the dumb abyss\\nbe vocal with speech. I pierce its order I dissi-\\npate its fear I dispose of it within the circuit of\\nmy expanding life. So much only of life as I know\\nby experience, so much of the wilderness have I\\nvanquished and planted, or so far have I extended\\nmy being, my dominion. I do not see how any man\\ncan afford, for the sake of his nerves and his nap,\\nto spare any action in which he can partake. It is\\npearls and rubies to his discourse. Drudgery, ca-\\nlamity, exasperation, want, are instructors in elo-\\nquence and wisdom. The true scholar grudges\\nevery opportunity of action past by, as a loss of\\npower.\\nIt is the raw material out of which the intellect\\nmoulds her splendid products. A strange process\\ntoo, this by which experience is converted into", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0251.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "124 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nthought, as a mulberry leaf is converted into satin.\\nThe manufacture goes forward at all hours.\\nThe actions and events of our childhood and youth\\nare now matters of calmest observation. They lie\\nlike fair pictures in the air. Not so with our re-\\ncent actions, with the business which we now have\\nin hand. On this we are quite unable to speculate\\nOur affections as yet circulate through it. We no\\nmore feel or know it than we feel the feet, or the\\nhand, or the brain of our body. The new deed is\\nyet a part of life, remains for a time immersed\\nin our unconscious life. In some contemplative\\nhour it detaches itself from the life like a ripe fruit,\\nto become a thought of the mind. Instantly it is\\nraised, transfigured the corruptible has put on in-\\ncorruption. Henceforth it is an object of beauty,\\nhowever base its origin and neighborhood. Ob-\\nserve too the impossibility of antedating this act.\\nIn its grub state, it cannot fly, it cannot shine, it is\\na dull grub. But suddenly, without observation,\\nthe selfsame thing unfurls beautiful wings, and is\\nan angel of wisdom. So is there no fact, no event,\\nin our private history, which shall not, sooner or\\nlater, lose its adhesive, inert form, and astonish us\\nby soaring from our body into the empyrean. Cra-\\ndle and infancy, school and playground, the fear of\\nboys, and dogs, and ferules, the love of little maids\\nand berries, and many another fact that once filled", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0252.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 125\\nthe whole sky, are gone already friend and rela-\\ntive, profession and party, town and country, nation\\nand world, must also soar and sing.\\nOf course, he who has put forth his total strength\\nin fit actions has the richest return of wisdom. I\\nwill not shut myself out of this globe of action, and\\ntransplant an oak into a flower-pot, there to hunger\\nand pine; nor trust the revenue of some single\\nfaculty, and exhaust one vein of thought, much\\nlike those Savoyards, who, getting their livelihood\\nby carving shepherds, shepherdesses, and smoking\\nDutchmen, for all Europe, went out one day to the\\nmountain to find stock, and discovered that they\\nhad whittled up the last of their pine-trees. Au-\\nthors we have, in numbers, who have written out\\ntheir vein, and who, moved by a commendable pru-\\ndence, sail for Greece or Palestine, follow the trap-\\nper into the prairie, or ramble round Algiers, to\\nreplenish their merchantable stock.\\nIf it were only for a vocabulary, the scholar\\nwould be covetous of action. Life is our diction-\\nary. Years are well spent in country labors in\\ntown in the insight into trades and manufactures\\nin frank intercourse with many men and women\\nin science in art to the one end of mastering in\\nall their facts a language by which to illustrate\\nand embody our perceptions. I learn immediately\\nfrom any speaker how much he has already lived,", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0253.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "126 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nthrough the poverty or the splendor of his speech.\\nLife lies behind us as the quarry from whence we\\nget tiles and copestones for the masonry of to-day.\\nThis is the way to learn grammar. Colleges and\\nbooks only copy the language which the field and\\nthe work-yard made.\\nBut the final value of action, like that of books,\\nand better than books, is that it is a resource.\\nThat great principle of Undulation in nature, that\\nshows itself in the inspiring and expiring of the\\nbreath in desire and satiety in the ebb and flow\\nof the sea; in day and night; in heat and cold;\\nand, as yet more deeply ingrained in every atom\\nand every fluid, is known to us under the name of\\nPolarity, these fits of easy transmission and\\nreflection, as Newton called them, are the law\\nof nature because they are the law of spirit.\\nThe mind now thinks, now acts, and each fit re-\\nproduces the other. When the artist has exhausted\\nhis materials, when the fancy no longer paints,\\nwhen thoughts are no longer apprehended and\\nbooks are a weariness, he has always the re-\\nsource to live. Character is higher than intellect.\\nThinking is the function. Living is the function-\\nary. The stream retreats to its source. A great\\nsoul will be strong to live, as well as strong to\\nthink. Does he lack organ or medium to impart\\nhis truth He can still fall back on this eleinen-", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0254.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 127\\ntal force of living them. This is a total act.\\nThinking is a partial act. Let the grandeur of\\njustice shine in his affairs. Let the beauty of af-\\nfection cheer his lowly roof. Those far from\\nfame, who dwell and act with him, will feel the\\nforce of his constitution in the doings and passages\\nof the day better than it can be measured by any\\npublic and designed display. Time shall teach him\\nthat the scholar loses no hour which the man lives.\\nHerein he unfolds the sacred germ of his instinct,\\nscreened from influence. What is lost in seemli-\\nness is gained in strength. Not out of those on\\nwhom systems of education have exhausted their\\nculture, comes the helpful giant to destroy the old\\nor to build the new, but out of unhandselled sav-\\nage nature out of terrible Druids and Berserkers\\ncome at last Alfred and Shakspeare.\\nI hear therefore with joy whatever is beginning\\nto be said of the dignity and necessity of labor to\\nevery citizen. There is virtue yet in the hoe and the\\nspade, for learned as well as for unlearned hands.\\nAnd labor is everywhere welcome always we are\\ninvited to work only be this limitation observed,\\nthat a man shall not for the sake of wider activ-\\nity sacrifice any opinion to the popular judgments\\nand modes of action.\\nI have now spoken of the education of the", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0255.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "128 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nscholar by nature, by books, and by action. It re-\\nmains to say somewhat of his duties.\\nThey are such as become Man Thinking. They\\nmay all be comprised in self-trust. The office of\\nthe scholar is to cheer, to raise, and to guide men\\nby showing them facts amidst appearances. He\\nplies the slow, unhonored, and unpaid task of ob-\\nservation. Flamsteed and Herschel, in their\\nglazed observatories, may catalogue the stars with\\nthe praise of all men, and the results being splen-\\ndid and useful, honor is sure# But he, in his pri-\\nvate observatory, cataloguing obscure and nebulous\\nstars of the human mind, which as yet no man has\\nthought of as such, watching days and months\\nsometimes for a few facts correcting still his old\\nrecords must relinquish display and immediate\\nfame. In the long period of his preparation he\\nmust betray often an ignorance and shiftlessness in\\npopular arts, incurring the disdain of the able who\\nshoulder him aside. Long he must stammer in his\\nspeech; often forego the living for the dead.\\nWorse yet, he must accept, how often poverty\\nand solitude. For the ease and pleasure of tread-\\ning the old road, accepting the fashions, the educa-\\ntion, the religion of society, he takes the cross of\\nmaking his own, and, of course, the self-accusation,\\nthe faint heart, the frequent uncertainty and loss\\nof time, which are the nettles and tangling vines in", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0256.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 129\\nthe way of the self -relying and self-directed and\\nthe state of virtual hostility in which he seems to\\nstand to society, and especially to educated society.\\nFor all this loss and scorn, what offset He is to\\nfind consolation in e: ercising the highest functions\\nof human nature. He is one who raises himself\\nfrom private considerations and breathes and lives\\non public and illustrious thoughts. He is the\\nworld s eye. He is the world s heart. He is to re-\\nsist the vulgar prosperity that retrogrades ever to\\nbarbarism, by preserving and communicating heroic\\nsentiments, noble biographies, melodious verse, and\\nthe conclusions of history. Whatsoever oracles\\nthe human heart, in all emergencies, in all solemn\\nhours, has uttered as its commentary on the world\\nof actions, these he shall receive and impart.\\nAnd whatsoever new verdict Keason from her in-\\nviolable seat pronounces on the passing men and\\nevents of to-day, this he shall hear and promul-\\ngate.\\nThese being his functions, it becomes him to feel\\nall confidence in himself, and to defer never to the\\npopular cry. He and he only knows the world.\\nThe world of any moment is the merest appearance.\\nSome great decorum, some fetish of a government,\\nsome ephemeral trade, or war, or man, is cried up\\nby half mankind and cried down by the other half,\\nas if all depended on this particular up or down.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0257.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "130 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nThe odds are that the whole question is not worth\\nthe poorest thought which the scholar has lost in\\nlistening to the controversy. Let him not quit his\\nbelief that a popgun is a popgun, though the ancient\\nand honorable of the earth affirm it to be the crack\\nof doom. In silence, in steadiness, in severe ab-\\nstraction, let him hold by himself add observation\\nto observation, patient of neglect, patient of re-\\nproach, and bide his own time, happy enough if\\nhe can satisfy himself alone that this day he has\\nseen something truly. Success treads on every right\\nstep. For the instinct is sure, that prompts him to\\ntell his brother what he thinks. He then learns\\nthat in going down into the secrets of his own mind\\nhe has descended into the secrets of all minds. He\\nlearns that he who has mastered any law in his pri-\\nvate thoughts, is master to that extent of all men\\nwhose language he speaks, and of all into whose\\nlanguage his own can be translated. The poet, in\\nutter solitude remembering his spontaneous thoughts\\nand recording them, is found to have recorded that\\nwhich men in crowded cities find true for them also.\\nThe orator distrusts at first the fitness of his frank\\nconfessions, his want of knowledge of the persons\\nhe addresses, until he finds that he is the comple-\\nment of his hearers that they drink his words\\nbecause he fulfils for them their own nature the\\ndeeper he dives into his privatest, secretest pre-", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0258.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 131\\nsentiment, to his wonder he finds this is the most\\nacceptable, most public, and universally true. The\\npeople delight in it the better part of every man\\nfeels, This is my music this is myself.\\nIn self-trust all the virtues are comprehended,,\\nFree should the scholar be, free and brave. Free\\neven to the definition of freedom, without any\\nhindrance that does not arise out of his own consti-\\ntution. Brave for fear is a thing which a scholar\\nby his very function puts behind him. Fear always\\nsprings from ignorance. It is a shame to him if his\\ntranquillity, amid dangerous times, arise from the\\npresumption that like children and women his is\\na protected class or if he seek a temporary peace\\nby the diversion of his thoughts from politics or\\nvexed questions, hiding his head like an ostrich\\nin the flowering bushes, peeping into microscopes,\\nand turning rhymes, as a boy whistles to keep his\\ncourage up. So is the danger a danger still so is\\nthe fear worse. Manlike let him turn and face it.\\nLet him look into its eye and search its nature, in-\\nspect its origin, see the whelping of this lion,\\nwhich lies no great way back he will then find in\\nhimself a perfect comprehension of its nature and\\nextent he will have made his hands meet on the\\nother side, and can henceforth defy it and pass on\\nsuperior. The world is his who can see through its\\npretension. What deafness, what stone-blind cus-", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0259.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "132 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\ntorn, what overgrown error you behold is there only\\nby sufferance, by your sufferance. See it to be a\\nlie, and you have already dealt it its mortal blow.\\nYes, we are the cowed, we the trustless. It k\\na mischievous notion that we are come late into na-\\nture that the world was finished a long time ago c\\nAs the world was plastic and fluid in the hands of\\nGod, so it is ever to so much of his attributes as we\\nbring to it. To ignorance and sin, it is flint. They\\nadapt themselves to it as they may but in propor-\\ntion as a man has any thing in him divine, the fir-\\nmament flows before him and takes his signet and\\nform. Not he is great who can alter matter, but\\nhe who can alter my state of mind. They are the\\nkings of the world who give the color of their pres-\\nent thought to all nature and all art, and persuade\\nmen by the cheerful serenity of their carrying the\\nmatter, that this thing which they do is the apple\\nwhich the ages have desired to pluck, now at last\\nripe, and inviting nations to the harvest. The great\\nman makes the great thing. Wherever Macdonald\\nsits, there is the head of the table. Linnaeus makes\\nbotany the most alluring of studies, and wins it from\\nthe farmer and the herb-woman Davy, chemistry;\\nand Cuvier, fossils. The day is always his who\\nworks in it with serenity and great aims. The un-\\nstable estimates of men crowd to him whose mind\\nis filled with a truth, as the heaped waves of the\\nAtlantic follow the moon.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0260.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 133\\nFor this self-trust, the reason is deeper than can\\nbe fathomed, darker than can be enlightened.\\nI might not carry with me the feeling of my au-\\ndience in stating my own belief. But I have al-\\nready shown the ground of my hope, in adverting\\nto the doctrine that man is one. I believe man has\\nbeen wronged; he has wronged himself. He has\\nalmost lost the light that can lead him back to his\\nprerogatives. Men are become of no account. Men\\nin history, men in the world of to-day, are bugs, are\\nspawn, and are called the mass and the herd.\\nIn a century, in a millennium, one or two men\\nthat is to say, one or two approximations to the\\nright state of every man. All the rest behold in\\nthe hero or the poet their own green and crude\\nbeing, ripened yes, and are content to be less,\\nso that may attain to its full stature. What a testi-\\nmony, full of grandeur, full of pity, is borne to the\\ndemands of his own nature, by the poor clansman,\\nthe poor partisan, who rejoices in the glory of his\\nchief. The poor and the low find some amends to\\ntheir immense moral capacity, for their acquies-\\ncence in a political and social inferiority. They\\nare content to be brushed like flies from the path\\nof a great person, so that justice shall be done by\\nhim to that common nature which it is the dearest\\ndesire of all to see enlarged and glorified. They\\nsun themselves in the great man s light, and feel it", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0261.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "134 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nto be their own element. They cast the dignity of\\nman from their downtrod selves upon the shoulders\\nof a hero, and will perish to add one drop of blood\\nto make that great heart beat, those giant sinews\\ncombat and conquer. He lives for us, and we live\\nin him.\\nMen such as they are, very naturally seek money\\nor power and power because it is as good as money,\\nthe spoils, so called, of office. And why\\nnot? for they aspire to the highest, and this, in\\ntheir sleep-walking, they dream is highest. Wake\\nthem and they shall quit the false good and leap to\\nthe true, and leave governments to clerks and desks.\\nThis revolution is to be wrought by the gradual do-\\nmestication of the idea of Culture. The main en-\\nterprise of the world for splendor, for extent, is the\\nupbuilding of a man. Here are the materials\\nstrewn along the ground. The private life of one\\nman shall be a more illustrious monarchy, more\\nformidable to its enemy, more sweet and serene in\\nits influence to its friend, than any kingdom in his-\\ntory. For a man, rightly viewed, comprehendetta\\nthe particular natures of all men. Each philoso-\\npher, each bard, each actor has only done for me,\\nas by a delegate, what one day I can do for myself.\\nThe books which once we valued more than the\\napple of the eye, we have quite exhausted. What\\nis that but saying that we have come up with the", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0262.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 135\\npoint of view which the universal mind took through\\nthe eyes of one scribe we have been that man, and\\nhave passed on. First, one, then another, we drain\\nall cisterns, and waxing greater by all these sup-\\nplies, we crave a better and more abundant food*\\nThe man has never lived that can feed us ever e\\nThe human mind cannot be enshrined in a person\\nwho shall set a barrier on any one side to this un=\\nbounded, unboundable empire. It is one central\\nfire, which, flaming now out of the lips of Etna, light-\\nens the capes of Sicily, and now out of the throat\\nof Vesuvius, illuminates the towers and vineyards\\nof Naples. It is one light which beams out of a\\nthousand stars. It is one soul which animates\\nall men.\\nBut I have dwelt perhaps tediously upon this ab-\\nstraction of the Scholar. I ought not to delay\\nlonger to add what I have to say of nearer reference\\nto the time and to this country.\\nHistorically, there is thought to be a difference\\nin the ideas which predominate over successive\\nepochs, and there are data for marking the genius\\nof the Classic, of the Romantic, and now of the Re-\\nflective or Philosophical age. With the views I\\nhave intimated of the oneness or the identity of the\\nmind through all individuals, I do not much dwell\\non these differences. In fact, I believe each indi-", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0263.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "136 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nvidua! passes through all three. The boy is a Greek\\nthe youth, romantic the arl alt, reflective. I deny\\nnot however that a revolution in the leading idea\\nmay be distinctly enough traced.\\nOur age is bewailed as the age of Introversion.\\nMust that needs be evil? We, it seems, are crit-\\nical we are embarrassed with second thoughts we\\ncannot enjoy any tiling for hankering to know\\nwhereof the pleasure consists we are lined with\\neyes we see with our feet the time is infected\\nwith Hamlet s unhappiness,\\nSicklied o er with the pale cast of thought.\\nIt is so bad then Sight is the last thing to be\\npitied. Would we be blind Do we fear lest we\\nshould out see nature and God, and drink truth\\ndry? I look upon the discontent of the literary\\nclass as a mere announcement of the fact that they\\nfind themselves not in the state of mind of their\\nfathers, and regret the coming state as untried as\\na boy dreads the water before he has learned that\\nhe can swim. If there is any period one would de-\\nsire to be born in, is it not the age of Revolution\\nwhen the old and the new stand side by side and\\nadmit of being compared when the energies of all\\nmen are searched by fear and by hope when the\\nhistoric glories of the old can be compensated by\\nthe rich possibilities of the new era Tins time,", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0264.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 137\\nlike all times, is a very good one, if we but know\\nwhat to do with it.\\nI read with some joy of the auspicious signs of\\nthe coming days, as they glimmer already through\\npoetry and art, through philosophy and science,\\nthrough church and state.\\nOne of these signs is the fact that the same\\nmovement which effected the elevation of what was\\ncalled the lowest class in the state, assumed in lit-\\nerature a very marked and as benign an aspect.\\nInstead of the sublime and beautiful, the near, the\\nlow, the common, was explored and poetized. That\\nwhich had been negligently trodden under foot by\\nthose who were harnessing and provisioning them-\\nselves for long journeys into far countries, is sud-\\ndenly found to be richer than all foreign parts.\\nThe literature of the poor, the feelings of the child,\\nthe philosophy of the street, the meaning of house-\\nhold life, are the topics of the time. It is a great\\nstride. It is a sign, is it not of new vigor\\nwhen the extremities are made active, when cur-\\nrents of warm life run into the hands and the feet.\\nI ask not for the great, the remote, the romantic\\nwhat is doing in Italy or Arabia what is Greek\\nart, or Provengal minstrelsy I embrace the com-\\nmon, I explore and sit at the feet of the familiar,\\nthe low. Give me insight into to-day, and you\\nmay have the antique and future worlds. What", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0265.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "138 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nwould we really know the meaning of The meal\\nin the firkin the milk in the pan the ballad in\\nthe street the news of the boat the glance of the\\neye the form and the gait of the body show\\nme the ultimate reason of these matters show me\\nthe sublime presence of the highest spiritual cause\\nlurking, as always it does lurk, in these suburbs\\nand extremities of nature let me see every trifle\\nbristling with the polarity that ranges it instantly\\non an eternal law and the shop, the plough, and\\nthe ledger referred to the like cause by which light\\nundulates and poets sing and the world lies no\\nlonger a dull miscellany and lumber-room, but has\\nform and order there is no trifle, there is no puz-\\nzle, but one design unites and animates the far-\\nthest pinnacle and the lowest trench.\\nThis idea has inspired the genius of Goldsmith,\\nBurns, Cowper, and, in a newer time, of Goethe,\\nWordsworth, and Carlyle. This idea they have\\ndifferently followed and with various success. In\\ncontrast with their writing, the style of Pope, of\\nJohnson, of Gibbon, looks cold and pedantic.\\nThis writing is blood-warm. Man is surprised to\\nfind that things near are not less beautiful and\\nwondrous than things remote. The near explains\\nthe far. The drop is a small ocean. A man is\\nrelated to all nature. This perception of the worth\\nof the vulgar is fruitful in discoveries. Goethe, in", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0266.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. I39\\nthis very thing the most modern of the moderns,\\nhas shown us, as none ever did, the genius of the\\nancients.\\nThere is one man of genius who has done much\\nfor this philosophy of life, whose literary value has\\nnever yet been rightly estimated; I mean Enian*\\nuel Swedenborg. The most imaginative of men,\\nyet writing with the precision of a mathematician,\\nhe endeavored to engraft a purely philosophical\\nEthics on the popular Christianity of his time.\\nSuch an attempt of course must have difficulty\\nwhich no genius could surmount. But he saw and\\nshowed the connection between nature and the af-\\nfections of the soul. He pierced the emblematic\\nor spiritual character of the visible, audible, tand-\\nble world. Especially did his shade-loving muse\\nhover over and interpret the lower parts of nature\\nhe showed the mysterious bond that allies moral\\nevil to the foul material forms, and has given in\\nepical parables a theory of insanity, of beasts, of\\nunclean and fearful things.\\nAnother sign of our times, also marked by an\\nanalogous political movement, is the new impor-\\ntance given to the single person. Every tiling that\\ntends to insulate the individual, to surround him\\nwith barriers of natural respect, so that each man\\nshall feel the world is his, and man shall treat with\\nman as a sovereign state with a sovereign state,", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0267.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "140 THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\ntends to true union as well as greatness. I\\nlearned, said the melancholy Pestalozzi, that no\\nman in God s wide earth is either willing or able to\\nhelp any other man. Help must come from the\\nbosom alone. The scholar is that man who must\\ntake up into himself all the ability of the time, all\\nthe contributions of the past, all the hopes of the\\nfuture. He must be an university of knowledges.\\nIf there be one lesson more than another which\\nshould pierce his ear, it is, The world is nothing,\\nthe man is all in yourself is the law of all na-\\nture, and you know not yet how a globule of sap\\nascends in yourself slumbers the whole of Rea-\\nson it is for you to know all it is for you to dare\\nall. Mr. President and Gentlemen, this confi-\\ndence in the unsearched might of man belongs, by\\nall motives, by all prophecy, by all preparation,\\nto the American Scholar. We have listened too\\nlong to the courtly muses of Europe. The spirit\\nof the American freeman is already suspected to\\nbe timid, imitative, tame. Public and private ava-\\nrice make the air we breathe thick and fat. The\\nscholar is decent, indolent, complaisant. See al-\\nready the tragic consequence. The mind of this\\ncountry, taught to aim at low objects, eats upon it-\\nself. There is no work for any but the decorous\\nand the complaisant. Young men of the fairest\\npromise, who begin life upon our shores, inflated", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0268.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. 141\\nby the mountain winds, sinned upon by all the stars\\nof God, find the earth below not in unison with\\nthese, but are hindered from action by the disgust\\nwhich the principles on which business is man\\naged inspire, and turn drudges, or die of disgust,\\nsome of them suicides. What is the remedy\\nThey did not yet see, and thousands of young men\\nas hopeful now crowding to the barriers for the\\ncareer do not yet see, that if the single man plant\\nhimself indomitably on his instincts, and there\\nabide, the huge world will come round to him.\\nPatience, patience with the shades of all the\\ngood and great for company and for solace the\\nperspective of your own infinite life and for work\\nthe study and the communication of principles,\\nthe making those instincts prevalent, the conver-\\nsion of the world. Is it not the chief disgrace\\nin the world, not to be an unit not to be reck-\\noned one character not to yield that peculiar\\nfruit which each man was created to bear, but to\\nbe reckoned in the gross, in the hundred, or the\\nthousand, of the party, the section, to which we be-\\nlong and our opinion predicted geographically, as\\nthe north, or the south Not so, brothers and\\nfriends, please God, ours shall not be so. We\\nwill walk on our own feet we will work with our\\nown hands we will speak our own minds. The\\nstudy of letters shall be no longer a name for pity,", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0269.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "142 TEE AMERICAN SCHOLAR.\\nfor doubt, and for sensual indulgence. The dread\\nof man and the love of man shall be a wall of de-\\nfence and a wreath of joy around all. A nation of\\nmen will for the first time exist, because each be-\\nlieves himself inspired by the Divine Soul which\\nalso inspires all men.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0270.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0271.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "The Riverside School Library.\\nc4MK2o\\nUnder this general name are published, in firm and\\nattractive style, yet at moderate prices, a series of vol-\\numes peculiarly suited for School Libraries. They are\\nchosen largely from the best literature which has stood\\nthe test of the world s judgment, and yet is as fresh and\\ninviting to-day as when first published.\\nIn the selection of the volumes comprising this Library\\nthe publishers have been assisted by more than one hun-\\ndred of the best educators of American youth.\\nThe volumes are edited with great care, and contain\\nportraits and biographical sketches of the authors also\\nnotes and glossaries wherever needed. They are thor-\\noughly well printed, and bound substantially in dark red\\nhalf leather, with cloth sides. In every respect they com-\\nmend themselves to all who wish that pupils may have the\\nbest, most interesting, and most salutary reading.\\nIt is hoped that the reading of these books will pro-\\nmote a love for good literature, and prevent or correct the\\ntaste for reading the trashy and unwholesome stories that\\nconstantly tempt the young.\\nIt is believed that the use of this series will give a\\nstrong impetus to the movement for supplying schools\\nwith thoroughly good libraries, which must be regarded\\nas among the most potent instrumentalities for the pro-\\nmotion of good citizenship, and the development of intel-\\nligence, refinement, and high character among the boys\\nand girls so fortunate as to enjoy their influence.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0272.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "Kccent 31s#tte$ of %\\\\t fttoewfoe S ct)ool iUbrar\u00c2\u00a3\u00c2\u00ab\\nGerman Household Tales. By Jacob and Wilhelm\\nGrimm. Told again in English. (See page 4.) With\\nan Introduction. 252 pp., 50 cents.\\nThe German collection is a large one, and much of it is of interest\\nonly to students of folk-lore. The forty stories here selected are the\\nbest, and most sure to be J iked by the young. Some of them are\\ncuriously like well-known English household tales. They are all told\\nin a simple, direct English which makes it possible for young people\\nof seven or eight to read them.\\nPilgrim s Progress, The. By John Bunyan. (See\\npage 7.) With an Introduction, Notes, and Portrait.\\nEdited by William Vaughn Moody, A. M., Instructor\\nin English and Rhetoric in the University of Chicago,\\nChicago, 111. 218 pp., 50 cents.\\nThis is the famous first part of the great classic. The editor has\\nshown clearly how interesting and valuable the book is as an illustra-\\ntion of English life in the Puritan period, and how masterly it is as\\na piece of English idiomatic prose. Bunyan interprets the homely\\nEngland of his day as Milton did the English state and the scholar s\\nattitude. It would be a mistake to regard the book as exclusively\\nreligious. It would be a mistake also to deny its religious inspira-\\ntion.\\nPoems and Essays. By Ralph Waldo Emerson.\\n(See page 3.) With copious Notes and an Introduc-\\ntion to the Poems, by George H. Browne a bio-\\ngraphical introduction to the Essays, and a Portrait\\nand view of Emerson s home. 254 pp., 60 cents.\\nThis selection from Emerson s poetical writings, and from his\\n.meat body of essays, gives the young reader an introduction to one\\nof the great modern masters of English. Probably no one American\\nwriter has been such an inspiration and guide to thoughtful minds.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0273.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0274.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "t\\\\)ersttie ^cfjooi iLtljrar^\\nA SERIES OF BOOKS OF PERMANENT VALUE\\nCAREFULLY CHOSEN, THOROUGHLY ED-\\nITED, CLEARLY PRINTED, DURABLY\\nBOUND IN HALF LEATHER\\nAND SOLD AT LOW\\nPRICES\\nPREPARED WITH SPECIAL REGARD\\nFOR AMERICAN SCHOOLS\\nAll the books named are i6mo in size, except when otherwise indicated\\nFor a full alphabetical list of the authors whose books are included\\nin this series, see the last page of this catalogue.\\nAndersen, Hans Christian, Stones by. With a Por-\\ntrait. 207 pp., 50 cents.\\nAll of Andersen s short stories would require two large vol-\\numes, but he was an unequal writer, and the collection here\\ngiven contains his best known and most attractive stories.\\nThe translator has followed carefully the very simple style of\\nAndersen, so that the book can be read by any one who has\\nmastered the second reader, and by some who have mastered\\nthe first. Andersen has been called the first child who has\\ncontributed to literature, so thoroughly does he understand a\\nchild s imagination. The Preface gives a pleasant glimpse of\\nthe man.\\nArabian Nights, Tales from the. In preparation.\\nAutocrat of the Breakfast-Table, The. By Oliver\\nWendell Holmes. With Biographical Sketch and\\nPortrait. 345 pp., 60 cents.\\nDr. Holmes lived to see The Autocrat read by the grand-\\n1", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0275.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "children of those who read it when it first appeared, and age\\ndoes not diminish the charms of the juiciest book in American\\nliterature. It is like overhearing the witty talk of a brilliant\\nconversationalist to read this book, and the imaginary charac-\\nters who listen to the Autocrat and occasionally put in a word\\ncome to be as well known to readers as many more loquacious\\npersons. A sketch gives the outline of the author s career.\\nBeing a Boy. By Charles Dudley Warner. With\\nBiographical Sketch, Portrait, and other Illustrations.\\n255 pp., 60 cents.\\nMr. Warner tells in a playful way not merely a story of his\\nown boyhood, but the story of country New England life nearly\\nhalf a century ago.\\nBirds and Bees, and Other Studies in Nature. By\\nJohn Burroughs. With Biographical Sketch, Portrajt,\\nand Notes. 284 pp., 60 cents.\\nJohn Burroughs has taken his place as one of the most de-\\nlightful writers in America on subjects connected with nature.\\nHis observation is close, and his manner is most friendly as\\nhe discourses of birds, bees, trees, berries, herbs, landscapes,\\nflowers.\\nBird Ways. By Olive Thorne Miller. With\\nSketch and Portrait of the Author. 241 pp., 60 cents.\\nIn fourteen sketches of the American Robin, Wood Thrush,\\nEuropean Song Thrush, Cat-bird, Redwing Black-bird, Balti-\\nmore Oriole, and House Sparrow, Mrs. Miller gives the habits\\nand ways of birds that she has herself watched. The special\\nvalue of her studies is in their consideration of particular birds.\\nCaptains of Industry. By James Parton. With Bio-\\ngraphical Sketch and Portrait. In two series, 403 pp.,\\nand 317 pp. Each, 60 cents.\\nIn these two volumes are contained ninety-four brief, pungent\\nbiographies, most of them relating to men of business who did\\nsomething, as Mr. Parton says, besides making money. Some\\nof the sketches are of striking characters, of whom no extended\\nbiographies have been written, Mr. Parton having obtained\\nhis information at first hand. In all the author gets at the\\npith of the subject.\\nChild Life, Selections from Child Life in Poetry and\\nChild Life in Prose. Edited by John Greenleaf\\nWhittier. With Frontispiece Illustration. 196 pp., 50\\ncents.\\nMr. Whittier, aided by Miss Larcom, made two considerable\\n2", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0276.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "collections of poetry and prose, from the writings of well-\\nknown authors. The present volume contains the choicest\\nof these selections, with a view to meeting the needs of the\\nyounger readers.\\nChildren s Hour, The, and Other Poems. By\\nHenry Wads worth Longfellow. With Biographi-\\ncal Sketch, Notes, Portrait, and Illustrations. 260 pp.\\n60 cents.\\nIn this volume are gathered the most popular of Long-\\nfellow s shorter poems, beginning with those most familiar and\\neasy and proceeding to the more scholarly. It is a wide range\\nwhich takes in The Children s Hour, Paul Revere s Ride, and\\nThe Building of the Ship.\\nChristmas Carol, A, and The Cricket on the Hearth.\\nBy Charles Dickens. With a Sketch of the life oi\\nDickens, and a Portrait. 230 pp., 50 cents.\\nThese two stories are the most famous and delightful of the\\ncelebrated Chritmas books by Dickens, which fifty years ago\\nmade a new form in English Literature.\\nEnoch Arden, The Coming of Arthur, and Other\\nPoems. By Alfred, Lord Tennyson. With Intro-\\nductions, Notes, Picture of Lord Tennyson s Home,\\nand a Portrait. 223 pp., 50 cents.\\nLord Tennyson s story of Enoch Arden has struck deep into\\nthe heart of a generation of readers, and the poems which are\\ngrouped with it include four of the famous Idylls of the King.\\nEssays and Poems. By Ralph Waldo Emerson.\\npreparation.\\nEvangeline, Hiawatha, and the Courtship of Miles\\nStandish. With a Sketch of the Life and Writings of\\nHenry Wadsworth Longfellow, Longfellow in Home\\nLife by Alice M. Longfellow, Explanatory Notes, Por-\\ntrait, Map, and Illustrations. 396 pp., 60 cents.\\nThe three long narrative poems by which the poet is best\\nknown are brought together in a single volume, and fully\\nequipped with the needful history of the poet and his works,\\nand such aids as the interested reader desires.\\nFables and Folk Stories. By Horace E. Scudder.\\nWith Frontispiece Illustration. 200 pp., 50 cents.\\n3", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0277.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "The most familiar fables, chiefly from ALsop, and the most\\nfamous folk stories, such as Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast,\\nLittle Red Riding Hood, Tom Thumb, Dick Whittington and\\nhis Cat, Puss in Boots, Jack and the Bean Stalk, told over\\nagain in language simple enough for those who are reading in\\nthe second reader. Millais s Cinderella furnishes the frontis-\\npiece.\\nFranklin s Autobiography. With a Sketch of his\\nLife from the point where the Autobiography closes.\\nWith three Illustrations, a Map, and a Chronological\\nTable. 260 pp., 50 cents.\\nBenjamin Franklin wrote many letters and scientific treatises,\\nbut his Autobiography will outlive them all, for it will continue\\nto be read with delight by all Americans, when his other writ-\\nings are read only by students of history or science. It is one\\nof the world s great books, in which a great man tells simply\\nand easily the story of his own life. Franklin brought the\\nstory down to his fiftieth year. The remainder is told chiefly\\nthrough his letters. A chronological table gives a survey of\\nthe events in his life and the great historical events occurring\\nin his lifetime. An introductory note gives the history of this\\nfamous book.\\nGerman Household Tales. By the Brothers Grimm.\\nIn pi-eparation.\\nGrandfather s Chair, or, True Stories from New\\nEngland History and Biographical Stories. By\\nNathaniel Hawthorne. With a Biographical Sketch\\nand Portrait, Notes and Illustrations. i2mo, 332 pp.,\\n70 cents.\\nThis is one of the most delightful books for beginners in\\nhistory in our literature. The great romancer never was so\\nhappy as when he was writing for the young, and the book\\nhas been enriched by many pictures and a map. In addition\\nalso to Grandfather s Chair, the volume contains half a dozen\\nbiographical stories by Hawthorne in the same vein.\\nGrandmother s Story of Bunker Hill Battle, and\\nOther Verse and Prose. By Oliver Wendell\\nHolmes. With Biographical Sketch, Notes, Portrait,\\nand Illustrations. 190 pp., 50 cents.\\nThe spirited ballads and humorous poems of Dr. Holmes,\\ntogether with his animated narrative of My Hunt after the\\nCaptain, and other prose papers.\\n4", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0278.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "Gulliver s Travels. The Voyages to Lilliput and Brob-\\ndingnag. By Jonathan Swift. With Introductory\\nSketch, Notes, Portrait, and two Maps. 193 pp., 50 cents.\\nThese famous Voyages give one the entertainment caused\\nby looking first through one end, then through the other, of a\\nspy-glass, and the glass is always turned on men and women,\\nso that we see them first as pygmies, and afterward as giants.\\nThe Introductory Sketch gives an account of Dean Swift and\\nhis writings, and there are two curiously fanciful maps copied\\nfrom an early edition.\\nHolland, Brave Little, and What She Taught Us.\\nBy William Elliot Griffis. With a Map and four\\nIllustrations. 266 pp., 60 cents.\\nA rapid survey of the development of Holland with special\\nreference to the part which the country has played in the\\nstruggle for constitutional liberty and to the association of\\nHolland with the United States of America.\\nHouse of the Seven Gables, The. By Nathaniel\\nHawthorne. With Introductory Sketch, Picture of\\nHawthorne s Birthplace, and Portrait. i2mo. 384 pp.,\\n70 cents.\\nThis romance is instinct with the feeling for old Salem, and\\nit embodies some of Hawthorne s most graceful fancies, as in\\nthe chapter entitled The Pyncheon Garden. The Introduc-\\ntory Sketch gives an outline of Hawthorne s career.\\nIvanhoe. By Sir Walter Scott. With a Biographical\\nSketch and Notes, a Portrait and other Illustrations.\\n121110. 529 pp., 70 cents.\\nOne of the great Waverley novels. It is hard to say which\\nis the most popular of Scott s novels. Every reader has his\\nfavorite, but the fact that Ivanhoe has been selected as a book\\nto be read by students preparing for college shows the estimate\\nin which it is held by teachers.\\nJapanese Interior, A. By Alice Mabel Bacon. With\\nBiographical Sketch. 294 pp., 60 cents.\\nMiss Bacon was for some time an American teacher in a\\nschool in Japan to which daughters of the nobility were sent.\\nHer own life and her acquaintance gave her exceptional oppor-\\ntunities for seeing the inside of houses and the private life of\\nthe Japanese, and in this volume she gives a clear account of\\nher observation and experience.\\n5", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0279.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "Lady of the Lake, The. By Sir Walter Scott.\\nWith a Sketch of Scott s life, and thirty-three Illustra-\\ntions. 275 pp., 60 cents.\\nThis poem by Scott is almost always the first one to be\\nread when Scott is taken up, and the picturesqueness, move-\\nment and melody of the verse make it one of the last to fade\\nfrom the memory. A sketch of the poet s life takes special\\ncognizance of the poetic side of his nature, and many of the\\nillustrations are careful stories from the scenes of the poem.\\nLast of the Mohicans, The. By James Fenimore\\nCooper. With an Introduction by Susan Fenimore\\nCooper, Biographical Sketch, Notes, Portrait, and two\\nother Illustrations. i2mo. 471 pp., 70 cents.\\nThis is one of the most popular of Cooper s Leather-Stock-\\ning Tales. The scene is laid during the French and Indian\\nwar, and the story contains those portraitures of Indians and\\nhunters which have fixed in the minds of men the characteris-\\ntics of these figures. A biographical sketch introduces Cooper\\nto the reader, and Miss Susan Fenimore Cooper, daughter of\\nthe novelist, gives an interesting account of the growth of this\\nstory.\\nLilliput and Brobdingnag, The Voyages to. See\\nGulliver s Travels.\\nMilton s Minor Poems and Three Books of Para-\\ndise Lost. With Biographical Sketch, Introductions,\\nNotes, and Portrait. 206 pp., 50 cents.\\nThe great poems by which John Milton is known, L Allegro,\\nII Penseroso, Comus, Lycidas, and a selection of sonnets, are\\nfollowed by the first three books of his epic. The introductions\\nand notes offer aids to a clear interpretation and true enjoy-\\nment of the author.\\nNew England Girlhood, A, Outlined from Memory.\\nBy Lucy Larcom. With Introductory Sketch and Por-\\ntrait. 280 pp., 60 cents.\\nMiss Larcom has here told the story of her early life, when\\nas a country girl she entered the mills at Lowell, Massachusetts,\\nand she has drawn a picture of New England in the middle of\\nthe century as she knew it, scarcely to be found in any other\\nbook. The narrative is a delightful bit of autobiography, and\\nhas a charm both poetic and personal.\\n6", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0280.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "Pilgrim s Progress, The. By John Bunyan. In pre-\\nparation.\\nPolly Oliver s Problem. By Kate Douglas Wiggin.\\nWith Introductory Sketch, Portrait, and Illustrations.\\n230 pp., 60 cents.\\nA story for girls, showing how a girl in straitened circum-\\nstances bravely worked out the problem of self-support.\\nRab and his Friends and Other Dogs and Men. By\\nDr. John Brown. With an Outline Sketch of Dr.\\nBrown, and a Portrait. 299 pp., 60 cents.\\nThe touching story of Rab and his Friends has introduced\\nmany readers to the beautiful character of Dr. John Brown,\\nthe Edinburgh physician who wrote the tale, and in this vol-\\nume are gathered a number of Dr. Brown s sketches and tales,\\nincluding Marjorie Fleming, and several bright narratives of\\ndogs.\\nRobinson Crusoe. By Daniel Defoe. With an In-\\ntroductory Sketch and Portrait of the author, a Map,\\nand explanatory Notes. 409 pp., 60 cents.\\nThe first part of Robinson Crusoe is here given entire, and\\nthis is the part which the world knows as Robinson Crusoe.\\nIn the introductory sketch, the editor, besides giving an ac-\\ncount of Defoe s career, shows the reason why this book has\\nbeen received by readers old and young as a work of genius,\\nwhen almost the whole of the great mass of Defoe s writing\\nhas been forgotten. A map enables one to trace Robinson\\nCrusoe s imaginary voyagings and to place the island near the\\ndisputed boundary of Venezuela.\\nShakespeare, Tales from. By Charles and Mary\\nLamb. With an Introductory Sketch and Portraits of\\nthe authors. 324 pp., 60 cents.\\nThere is a story behind every great play, and it is only after\\none has got at the story that one thoroughly understands and\\nenjoys the play. Charles and Mary Lamb were themselves\\ndelightful writers, and to read their Tales from Shakespeare\\nis not only to have a capital introduction to the great drama-\\ntist s works, but to hear fine stories finely told. This volume\\ncontains, besides, an account of the brother and sister, whose\\nlife together is one of the most touching tales in English Lit-\\nerature.\\n7", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0281.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "Shakespeare s Julius Caesar and As You Like It.\\nWith Introductions and Notes. 224 pp., 50 cents.\\nThe text followed is that of the eminent Shakespearian\\nscholar, Richard Grant White, whose notes, always to the\\npoint, have also been used and added to.\\nSilas Marner the Weaver of Raveloe. By George\\nEliot. With an Introduction and a Portrait. 251 pp.,\\n50 cents.\\nSilas Marner is one of the most perfect novels on a small\\nscale in the English language, and its charm resides both in\\nits style and its fine development of character. The introduc-\\ntion treats of the life and career of George Eliot, and the place\\nshe occupies in English Literature.\\nSketch Book, Essays from the. By Washington\\nIrving. With Biographical Sketch and Chronological\\nTable of the Period covered by Irving s Life, Portrait,\\nPicture of Westminster Abbey, Introduction, and Notes.\\n212 pp., 50 cents.\\nIn a nearly equal division, the most interesting American\\nand Eastern sketches from Irving s Sketch Book are grouped\\nin this volume, including Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of\\nSleepy Hollow, Rural Life in England, Christmas Day, and\\nWestminster Abbey.\\nSnow-Bound, The Tent on the Beach and Other\\nPoems. By John Greenleaf Whittier. With Bio*\\ngraphical Sketch, Notes, Portrait, and Illustrations.\\n270 pp., 60 cents.\\nThis volume contains those poems which have made Whit-\\ntier a great household poet, as well as a few of those stirring\\nlyrics which recall his strong voice for freedom.\\nStories and Poems for Children. By Celia Thax-\\nter. With Biographical Sketch and Portrait. 271\\npp., 60 cents.\\nMrs. Thaxter s girlhood in her isolated home on the Isles of\\nShoals and her life there on her return in maturity gave her mate-\\nrial which she used with power and beauty in her verse and prose.\\nStories from Old English Poetry. By Abby Sage\\nRichardson. 291 pp., 60 cents.\\nA group of stories after the manner of Lamb s Tales from\\nShakespeare, drawn from Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, and", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0282.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "some of the lesser poets, not now generally read stories of\\ngreat beauty in themselves, and illuminated by the genius of\\nthe poets who used them.\\nStory of a Bad Boy, The. By Thomas Bailey\\nAldrich. With Biographical Sketch, Portrait, and\\nmany Illustrations. 121110. 264 pp., 70 cents.\\nA humorous and graphic story of the adventures of a hearty\\nAmerican boy living in an old seaport town. The book has been\\na great favorite with a generation of boys.\\nTales of a Wayside Inn. By Henry Wadsworth\\nLongfellow. With Introduction, Notes, and Illus-\\ntrations. 274 pp., 60 cents.\\nIn the Introduction the reader is told who were the friends\\nof the poet who served as models for the several story-tellers\\nthat gathered about Howe s tavern in Sudbury. The tales\\ninclude such famous stories as Paul Revere s Ride, Lady\\nWentworth, and The Birds of Killingworth.\\nTales of New England. By Sarah Orne Jewett.\\nWith Portrait and Biographical Sketch of the author.\\n280 pp., 60 cents.\\nEight of the stories which show Miss Jewett as the sympa-\\nthetic narrator of homely New England country life. The\\nstories are Miss Tempy s Watchers; The Dulham Ladies; An\\nOnly Son; Marsh Rosemary; A White Heron; Law Lane;\\nA Lost Lover; The Courting of Sister Wisby.\\nTom Brown s School Days. By Thomas Hughes.\\nWith an Introductory Sketch, two Portraits, and six\\nother Illustrations. 390 pp., 60 cents.\\nTom Brown at Rugby is the popular name by which this\\nbook is known. It is perhaps the best read story of school-\\nboy life in the English language. Rugby was the English\\nschool presided over by Dr. Thomas Arnold, and a portrait of\\nArnold is given. The introductory sketch gives an account of\\nArnold and Rugby, of Thomas Hughes, the Old Boy who\\nwrote the book, and mentions Frederic Denison Maurice, who\\nhad a great influence over Hughes. The volume contains por-\\ntraits of Hughes and Dr. Arnold.\\nTwo Years Before the Mast. By Richard Henry\\nDana, Jr. With Biographical Sketch and Portrait.\\n1 2 mo. 480 pp., 70 cents.\\n9", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0283.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "As a frontispiece to this book there is a portrait of the au-\\nthor when he took his famous voyage just after leaving college.\\nBut great as Dana was as a lawyer, orator and statesman, he\\nlives chiefly in the memory of men as the narrator of a voyage\\nround Cape Horn to San Francisco before the discovery of\\ngold. The clays of such exploits seem gone by, but this book\\nremains as a literary record and will always be thus re-\\nmembered.\\nUncle Tom s Cabin or, Life among the Lowly. By\\nHarriet Beecher Stowe. With Introductory chapter\\non Mrs. Stowe and her career, Portrait, and picture of\\nMrs. Stowe s birthplace. i2ino. 518 pp., 70 cents.\\nThe most celebrated American book, and one of the world s\\ngreat books. The introductory chapter gives a sketch of Mrs\\nStowe s life, and some account of a book which has had a won-\\nderful history. It has well been called not a book only but a\\ngreat deed.\\nVicar of Wakefield, The. By Oliver Goldsmith.\\nWith Introduction, Notes, Portrait, and Illustrations.\\n232 pp., 50 cents.\\nSo celebrated is this book as a piece of English that German\\nboys, when set to studying the English language, are early\\ngiven this tale. It is Goldsmith s one story, and has outlived\\na vast number of novels written in his day.\\nVision of Sir Launfal, The, Under the Old Elm,\\nand Other Poems. By James Russell Lowell.\\nWith Biographical Sketch, Portrait, and Elmwood,\\nLowell s Home in Cambridge. 202 pp., 60 cents.\\nThe volume contains, besides the famous Sir Launfal, the\\ngreat odes called out by the War for the Union and by the cen-\\ntennial observance of 1875, an example of the Biglow Papers,\\nthe poem on Agassiz, The Courtin and a number of the well-\\nknown shorter lyrics.\\nWar of Independence, The. By John Fiske. With\\nBiographical Sketch, Portrait of the author, and four\\nMaps. 214 pp., 60 cents.\\nDr. John Fiske is the most eminent of living American\\nhistorians. His large histories are read eagerly, as he adds\\nso", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0284.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "volume to volume, and in time it is hoped that he will cover\\nthe whole course of American history. This small book con-\\ntains in a nutshell the meat of a great book. It is a clear\\nnarrative, and what is quite as important it gives the why and\\nwherefore of the revolution, and explains how one event led to\\nanother. It contains also suggestions for collateral reading\\nand a biographical sketch which gives some notion of the\\nauthor s training as a scholar and author.\\nWashington, George. An Historical Biography. By\\nHorace E. Scudder. With four Illustrations. 253 pp.,\\n60 cents.\\nWithin a brief compass Mr. Scudder has attempted to give\\nthe narrative of Washington s life, and to show that he was a\\nliving, breathing man, and not, as some seem to think him, a\\nmarble statue. He calls his book an historical biography be-\\ncause he has tried to show the figure in its relation to the great\\nevents of American history in which it was set.\\nWonder-Book, The, and Tanglewood Tales. For\\nGirls and Boys. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. With\\nBiographical Sketch, and Frontispiece by Walter\\nCrane. i2mo, 419 pp., 70 cents.\\nThe old Greek myths told over again by the greatest of\\nAmerican romancers. Here are the stories such as The\\nGorgon s Head, The Argonauts, the Dragon s Teeth, Midas,\\nThe Three Golden Apples, which in allusion or reference con-\\nstantly meet the reader of literature.\\nHOUGHTON, MIFFLIN CO.\\n4 Park St., Boston; 11 East 17th St., New York;\\n378-388 Wabash Ave., Chicago.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0285.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "A Companion Volume to the Masterpieces of America*\\nLiterature.\\nmasterpieces of British literature*\\n12mo, 480 pages, $1.00, net, postpaid.\\nWith a portrait of each author.\\nRuskin Biographical Sketch The King of the Golden River.\\nMacaulay Biographical Sketch Horatius.\\nDr. John Brown: Biographical Sketch; Rab and his Friends; Our\\nDogs.\\nTennyson: Biographical Sketch; Enoch Arden The Charge of thf\\nLight Brigade The Death of the Old Year Crossing the Bar.\\nDickens: Biographical Sketch; The Seven Poor Travellers.\\nWordsworth: Biographical Sketch; We are Seven; The Pet Lamb,\\nThe Reverie of Poor Sasan; To a Skylark; To the Cuckoo; She was a\\nPhantom of Delight; Three Years she Grew She Dwelt among the Un-\\ntrodden Ways; Daffodils; To the Daisy; Yarrow Unvisited; Stepping\\nWestward; Sonnet, composed upon Westminster Bridge; To Sleep; It is\\na Beauteous Evening, Calm and Free Extempore Effusion upon the Death\\nof James Hogg; Resolution and Independence.\\nBurns: Biographical Sketch; The Cotter s Saturday Night; To a\\nMouse; To a Mountain Daisy; A Bard s Epitaph; Songs: For A That and\\nA That; Auld Lang Syne; My Father was a Farmer; John Anderson;\\nFlow Gently, Sweet Afton; Highland Mary; To Mary in Heaven; I Love\\nmy Jean; Oh, Wert Thou in the Cauld Blast; A Red, Red Rose; Mary\\nMorison; Wandering Willie; My Nannie s Awa Bonnie Doon; My\\nHeart s in the Highlands.\\nLamb: Biographical Sketch; Essays of Elia: Dream Children, A Rev-\\nerie; A Dissertation upon Roast Pig; Barbara S Old China.\\nColeridge: Biographical Sketch; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner;\\nKubla Khan, or, A Vision in a Dream.\\nByron: Biographical Sketch; The Prisoner of Chillon; Sonnet; Fare\\nThee Well; She Walks in Beauty; The Destruction of Sennacherib.\\nCowper: Biographical Sketch; The Diverting History of John Gilpin;\\nOn the Receipt of my Mother s Picture On the Loss of the Royal George\\nVerses supposed to be Written by Alexander Selkirk; Epitaph on a Hare;\\nThe Treatment of his Hares.\\nGray: Biographical Sketch; Elegy, written in a Country Churchyard;\\nOn a Distant Prospect of Eton College.\\nGoldsmith: Biographical Sketch; The Deserted Village.\\nSir Roger de Coverley Papers Introduction The Spectator s\\nAccount of Himself; The Club; Sir Roger at his Country House; The\\nCoverley Household; Will Wimble Death of Sir Roger de Coverley.\\nMilton: Biographical Sketch; L Allegro II Penseroso Lycidas.\\nBacon: Biographical Sketch; Bacon s Essays: Of Travel; of Studfou\\nof Suspicion; of Negotiating; of Masques and Triumphs.\\nHOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY,\\n4 Park Street, Boston; 11 East 17th Street, New York;\\n378-388 Wabash Ave., Chicago.", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0286.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "ADDITIONAL INEXPENSIVE BOOKS\\nESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR\\nLIBRARY USE\\nALL ARE STRONGLY BOUND IN CLOTH.\\nWITHOUT NOTES:\\nMODERN CLASSICS. A Library of complete Essays,\\nTales, and Poems from the works of American, British,\\nand Continental writers. 34 volumes, averaging 310\\npages, $13.60. Each volume, 32mo, 40 cents, net.\\nAn unrivaled list of excellent works. Dr. William T. Har-\\nris, U. S. Commissioner of Education.\\nWITH BRIEF NOTES:\\nMore than 50 Bound Volumes of the RIVERSIDE LIT-\\nERATURE SERIES, at prices ranging from 25 cents\\nto 70 cents.\\nAmerican Poems, American Prose, Masterpieces of Amer-\\nican Literature, Masterpieces of British Literature,\\nFiske s History of the United States for Schools,\\nFiske s Civil Government in the United States. Each\\n$1.00, net.\\nWITH FULL NOTES:\\nROLFE S STUDENTS SERIES OF STANDARD\\nENGLISH POEMS for Schools and Colleges. Edited\\nby W. J. Rolfe, Litt. D., and containing complete poems\\nby Scott, Tennyson, Byron, and Morris. With a\\ncarefully revised text, copious explanatory and critical\\nnotes, and numerous illustrations. 1 1 volumes, square\\ni6mo. Price per volume, 75 cents. To teachers, by-\\nmail, 53 cents, net.\\nFull descriptive circulars of the books mentioned above will be sent to\\nany address on application.\\nHOUGHTON, MIFFLIN CO.\\n4 Park Street, Boston; n East 17th Street, New York;\\n378-388 Wabash Ave., Chicago.", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0287.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "A Condensed List of the Riverside School Library\\nDescription of these fifty books will be found hi the preceding pages\\nCents.\\nAldrich. The Story of a Bad Boy 7 o\\nAndersen. Stories 50\\nArabian Nights, Tales from the.* 50\\nBacon. A Japanese Interior 60\\nBrown, John. Rab and his Friends and Other Dogs and Men 60\\nBunyan. The Pilgrim s Progress 50\\nBurroughs. Birds and Bees, and Other Studies in Nature 60\\nCooper. The Last of the Mohicans 70\\nDana. Two Years Before the Mast 70\\nDefoe Robinson Crusoe 60\\nDickens. A Christmas Carol, and The Cricket on the Hearth 50\\nEliot, George. Silas Marner 50\\nEmerson. Poems and Essays 60\\nFiske. The War of Independence .60\\nFranklin. Autobiography 50\\nGoldsmith. The Vicar of Wakefield 5 o\\nGriffis. Brave Little Holland 60\\nGrimm. German Household Tales 50\\nHawthorne. Grandfather s Chair, or, True Stories from New England History\\nand Biographical Stories 70\\nThe House of the Seven Gables 70\\nThe Wonder-Book, and Tanglewood Tales 70\\nHolmes. The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table 60\\nGrandmother s Story, and Other Verse and Prose 50\\nHughes. Tom Brown s School Days 60\\nIrving. Essays from the Sketch Book 50\\nJewett, Sarah Orne. Tales of New England 60\\nLamb. Tales from Shakespeare 60\\nLarcom, Lucy. A New England Girlhood 60\\nLongfellow. The Children s Hour, and Other Poems 60\\nEvangeline, Hiawatha, and The Courtship of Miles Standish 60\\nTales of a Wayside Inn 60\\nLowell. The Vision of Sir Launfal, and Other Poems 60\\nMiller, Olive Thorne. Bird-Ways 60\\nMilton. Minor Poems, and Books I.-III. of Paradise Lost 50\\nParton. Captains of Industry, First Series 60\\nCaptains of Industry, Second Series 60\\nRichardson, Abby Sage. Stories from Old English Poetry 60\\nScott. Ivanhoe 70\\nThe Lady of the Lake 60\\nScudder. Fables and Folk Stories 50\\nGeorge Washington 60\\nShakespeare. Julius Caesar, and As You Like It 50\\nStowe. Uncle Tom s Cabin 70\\nSwift. Gulliver s Voyages to Lilliput and Brobdingnag 50\\nTennyson. Enoch Arden, The Coming of Arthur, and Other Poems 50\\nThaxter, Celia. Stories and Poems for Children 60\\nWarner. Being a Boy 60\\nWhittier. Selections from Child Life in Poetry and Prose 56\\nSnow-Bound The Tent on the Beach, and Other Poems 60\\nWiggin, Kate Douglas. Polly Oliver s Problem 60\\nIn press, for immediate issue. August I, 18Q7.\\nHOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY\\nBoston, New York, Chicago\\nJAN 2 3 1924", "height": "3242", "width": "2019", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0288.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0289.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0290.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0291.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3211", "width": "1967", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0292.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3252", "width": "1946", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0293.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nllllllllllillNlllllIllllHIll\\n015 785 813\\nW\\nMl\\nMai\\nIHMif\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0lli", "height": "3348", "width": "2019", "jp2-path": "poemsessaysbyral00emer_0294.jp2"}}