{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1747", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0003.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "017 297 762 5\\nConservati Resources\\nLig-Fre\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00ae Type I", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0004.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "P9 ft6 /O\\nopy 2\\nHISTORY\\nTHE WRONGS OF ALASKA.\\nA.N -A.PPEAL\\nPEOPLE AND PRESS OF AMERICA.\\nPrinted by Order of the Anti-Monopoly Association of the Pacific Coast.\\nFKBRUA-RY, IB^S.\\nSAN FRANCISCO:\\n1875.\\nvW u.y 5-", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0005.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "AN APPEAL\\nTO THE\\nPEOPLE AND PRESS OF AMERICA.\\nSan Francisco, January 1875.\\nInasmuch as the hope of receiving redress of the Government\\nhas hitherto been disappointed and all appeals to the same which\\nhave been made during the last six years in behalf of the caiise in\\nwhich we now raise our voice again, have been left unheeded;\\nand a flagrant stain on the honor of our free country,\\nwhich could be wijjed out by one word of the Congress of the\\nUnited States, is suffered to exist a monument of the shame of\\nAmerica we now address ourselves to the people, in the heart\\nof which, love of freedom, patriotism and justice still live, and\\nto its mighty voice and champion, the Press, and appeal to them\\nto take up this cause which ought to concern every citizen that\\nloves his country. We speak of the serfdom of the civilized in-\\nhabitants of St. George and St. Paul Islands in Alaska, and of\\nthe fur-seal monopoly that has been granted by the Government.\\nThe wrong that has been done is so great, the violation of the\\nprinciples of Republicanism and the Constitution of the United\\nStates so flagrant, and the corruption that has been connected with\\nthis disgraceful affair so glaring, that, were the circumstances as\\nwell known throughout America as they are to people on the Pa-\\ncific Coast, it would have been struck down long ago, and would\\nhave shared the fate of the Credit Mobilier.\\nWe will therefore give briefly a history of the wrongs of Alaska,\\nin which we will strictly adhere to the truth, avoid all exaggera-\\ntion, and will be just to all; and in order that this history may\\nbe universally known, it will be sent in thousands of copies to\\nall parts of the Union and to every leading paper in the United\\nStates.\\nVf", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0006.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "A HISTORY\\nOF THE\\nWRONGS OF ALASKA.\\nTHE EUSSO-AMEEICAN COMPANY.\\nAlaska was discovered about a ceutuiy ago by Russian fur-\\nhunters, who sailing east from the coast of Siberia, first came\\nupon the Aleutian Archipelago, which they took possession of in\\nthe name of the Czar.\\nHaving established themselves on these islands, and having\\nthoroughly subjected and Chi-istianized the docile natives, they\\npushed further east, found and explored the extensive coast of\\nthe mainland, and, after many hard fights with the warlike tribes\\nof these regions, established posts along the Behring s sea and\\nthe North Pacific.\\nThe Russian Government had granted to these early adven-\\nturers especial rights in regard to the countries which they had\\ndiscovered for the crown, and thus was the foundation laid of\\nthat tremendous concern, the Russo-American Company, that\\nheld undisputed sway over Alaska till it was purchased by the\\nUnited States.\\nThis Company enjoyed, under the suffrage of the Emperor,\\nthe most positive power, and over half a century ruled the\\ncountry with an iron rod; having absolute right over it, and\\neverything in it, except the unexplored regions of the far inte-\\nrior, and the many ti ibes of free savages that recognize no master.\\nThe sole object of this Company was the fur trade, and as it\\nwas constantly fearful that the attention of the Russian Grov-\\nernment might be excited, it strictly forbade the search after\\nminerals, allowed no enterprise except those connected with the\\nfur trade, stifled immediately any reports of discoveries, permit-", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0007.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "ted no outsider to remain in the country, and guarded the latter\\nwith a jealousy equal to that of our Chinese neighbors. Of\\nthe imperial commissioners who were, from time to time des-\\npatched to this far-away piece of the Czar s dominions, several\\nsuddenly died on their way home through Siberia, while most of\\nthem were dealt with according to the American style, that is,\\nthey returned richer and happier men, and reported everything\\nas desired. Finally the Government at St. Petersburgh became\\ndisgusted, and sold Alaska to the United States. The insur-\\nmountable barrier that had walled it in so long fell on the day\\nwhen\\nTHE STARS AND STRIPES\\nAscended that old flag-staff at Sitka, and the Tei-ritory was\\nthrown wide open to every energetic individual. There now\\ncommenced a time such as had never been seen in Alaska before,\\nvessel after vessel laden with merchandise, left the Golden Gate\\nand shaped its course for the new acquisitions; trading and fish-\\ning stations arose everywhere on the coast; a fleet of gallant\\nschooners cruised on the cod-banks; gold, copper, and coal were\\ndiscovered at many localities, and the sails of American ships\\nwhitened every sound and bay. There was no doubt that Aliaska\\nwas in a fair way of being developed, and all those engaged in\\nthe Territory were convinced of the fact. It was about this time\\nwhen a party of capitalists proposed to stock the Alaska penin-\\nsula with sheep and cattle, when there was a plan of establish-\\ning a settlement of New England fishermen at Kinai, and when\\nan Eastern firm made preparations for ship-building at Sitka.\\nBut the j)eople that had chanced their time and capital, and\\noften enough their j)ersonal safety, in Alaska, that were prepar-\\ning the way for civilization and develojDment, and fondly believed\\nthemselves under the protection of a free and just government,\\ndid not know that corruption stalked almost undisguised through\\nthe Congressional halls at Washington; that the representatives\\nof the people were ready for personal gain to violate the sacred\\nprinciples of our Constitution, to ignore the rights of the peo-\\nple, and to pollute the fair name of America with an indelible\\nstain. A cloud arose that nipped the beginning development of\\nAlaska in the bud, and put an end to all enterprise except the\\nfur trade of one rich and powerful company.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0008.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "Although our space is limited, we must go a little into details\\nto make the circumstances fully comprehensible, and to show how\\nthe ruin of Alaska was wrought.\\nThe Kusso-Americau Company had at the time of the trans-\\nfer the following property that had to be disposed of: A large\\nnumber of ware-store and dwelling-houses at Sitka and Kodiac,\\nand all their forts and stations on the islands and on the main\\nland; an enoi*mous stock of goods, representing a capital in\\nproportion, and a fleet of steamers and sailing vessels. All this\\nwas to be sold, and Prince Maksoutof, former Governor of\\nAlaska and President of the Company, was intrusted with the\\nbusiness.\\nHe had not long to wait for a customer, for a number of cap-\\nitalists cf San Francisco had formed themselves into a trading\\ncompany and hastened to make overtures to the Kussian Prince.\\nThe concern that thus sprang into existence was the firm of\\nHUTCHINSON, KOHL CO.\\nThis Company proposed to buy the whole j)roperty as it stood,\\nships, stations and goods, and their offer was eagerly accepted\\nby Maksoutof. What the arrangements were, what price was\\npaid, has never leaked out, but it is known that everything was\\nsold at a ruinous figure; that Hutchinson, Kohl Co., cleared\\nover 1500,000 on the transaction, and that Prince Maksoutof re-\\nturned to Russia with a fortune. This, however, does not con-\\ncern us or the public, but there was immediately inaugurated a\\nsystem of suppression and high-handed outrages by Hutchinson,\\nKohl Co., with the assistance of this Russian Prince and by\\nFederal officers which deserves our closest attention, while a\\nnumber of fraudulent transactions showed that the new and\\npowerful but entirely unprincipled concern^ was capable of any\\naction, no matter how lawless and contemptible, to approach the\\nobject which it was aiming at, which was nothing less than the\\nmonopolizatloa of the entire territory of Alaska.\\nINTIMIDATING THE NATIVES.\\nAs soon as said sale between Hutchinson, Kohl Co., and the\\nRusso- American Company had been effected, the representatives", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0009.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "6\\n\u00c2\u00abof the former and Prince Maksoutof started on a tour along the\\n=coast of the territory, for the purpose of transferring the various\\nstations and the property belonging thereto. Wherever they\\nwent, the Prince, of whom they stood in mortal fear, announced\\nto the natives that Hutchinson, Kohl Co., had taken the j)]ace\\nof the Russian ComiDany had the same absolute power had\\ncomplete jurisdiction over them, and that if they would dare to\\ntrade with any other parties they would be punished in the most\\nsevere manner.\\nPlacards in the Eussian language, which made known the de-\\ncree of the Prince, were hung up at all stations, and the Aleuts\\nand ignorant Russians were threatened with imprisonment, and\\ncorporal punishment, if they would dare to break the com-\\nmands.\\nThese poor people, although they were Christians, and of aver-\\nage intelligence, of course thought all this was true, especially\\nas American officers (to their shame be it said) used their official\\nposition and authority to furthermore intimidate these natives\\nand represent to them Hutchinson, Kohl Co. in the same man-\\nner as Maksoutof and his Russian officials had done.\\nThe natives thus imposed upon were the civilized and Christian\\nAleuts and Creoles along the coast and on the Aleutian Islands\\n{for the spirited savages of the interior and the Alexander Archi-\\npelago cared as little for the prince as they did for Brigham\\nYoung) and so great was the terror that the former had been\\ninspired with, that it was at first with the greatest difficulty, and\\nat many places impossible, to induce them to trade with other\\nparties, or if so, only secretly and under cover of night.\\nCHEATING UNCLE SAM.\\nA little stroke of business was also indulged in by this happy\\ncombination of this princely Russian and these republican Amer-\\nicans, by which the government of the United States was cheated\\nout of a large amount of, then, very valuable projDerty. The\\naccounts of the Russian company being somewhat obscure to the\\nAmericans, Prince Maksoutof claimed nearly all the government\\nbuildings as company s property and delivered them to Hutchin-", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0010.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "son, Kohl Co. and thus the Government had frequently to buy\\nback what was already its rightful property.\\nThese things happened during the years 1867 and 1868. It\\nwas also about this time that Hutchinson, Kohl Co. s steamer\\nFideliter, which was an English vessel, was fraudulently brought\\nunder the American flag, through the assistance of Collector\\nDodge at Sitka, for which she has since been confiscated by the\\nGovernment.\\nMAKING WAR UPON ENTERPRISE.\\nWhile Hutchinson, Kohl Co. were thus ruling the Aleuts by\\nfalse rejjresentations and tyrannical treatment they also found\\nmeans to severely annoy and often crush the other traders and\\nfur companies that were also engaged in the territory. As the\\nrestless energy of most of these parties at once forbade all hope\\nof driving them out of the field by fair means, unfair and corrupt\\nones were immediately resorted to, and it was principally through\\nthe assistance of the United States Kevenue ofiicers that this was\\naccomplished. Of course it is hard to prove that these efficers\\nwere hired, but their favoritism was so undisguised, and the\\nrewards, which they received for their services, so openly dis-\\ntributed, that there can be no doubt in this matter. The most\\nzealous revenue officials, in the interest of Hutchinson, Kohl\\nCo., were W. S. Dodge, Collector at Sitka; Samuel Falconer,\\nActing Collector at Sitka (afterwards in the employ of Hutchinson,\\nKohl Co.) Mr. H. E. MoJntyre, Special Agent of the Treasury\\nDepartment (now General Agent of Hutchinson, Kohl Co., or\\nthe Alaska Commercial Co.); Wm. Kapus, Collector of Sitka (after-\\nwards General Agent of Hutchinson, Kohl Co., or the Alaska\\nCommercial Co. General Miller, Collector of San Francisco (now\\nPresident of the Alaska Commercial Co.), and several others.\\nIn those days Sitka was the only port of entry in Alaska, and\\nall vessels coming to the territory had to enter and clear at that\\nport before they could proceed on their voyage. There also\\nexisted a law prohibiting the inti oduction of liquors, arms and\\nammunition into the country (except under [severe restrictions),\\nmaking them articles of contraband and there had been adopted,\\nby the Secretary of the Treasuiy, a great number of s^^ecial reg-", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0011.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "ulations in regard to Alaska, which were of the most unpractical\\nand conflicting nature, and seemed to have no other object than\\nto throw obstacles in the way of the trade.\\nThese circumstances now afforded the revenue officers the most\\nwelcome opportunities to annoy whomsoever they pleased, and\\nthis they did with a vengeance.\\nFAVORITISM SHOWN TO HUTCHINSON, KOHL CO.\\nWhile Hutchinson, Kohl Co. s vessels left San Francisco\\nwithout difficulties, came to Sitka, entered, cleared and departed\\nwithout hindrance, without search, and without delay, the other\\nparties had to undergo a perfect ordeal of tribulations before\\nthey got out of the clutches of these Federal officers. At San\\nFrancisco the trouble generally commenced, and, thanks to Col-\\nlector Millers kind efforts, it was connected with nearly as much\\ntrouble to clear a vessel for Alaska as if she had been suspected\\nof being a pirate, intending to start on some lillibustering expe-\\ndition.\\nThis was, however, nothing compared with the annoyances that\\ncommenced when the ships arrived at Sitka. Here they were\\noften detained for days and weeks, without a shadow of a cause;\\nvessels, of which there could not be the slightest doubt that they\\nhad, in every respect, complied with the revenue laws, were\\nsearched from deck to keelson lighters were hauled alongside\\nand every package was taken out, and then, if nothing could be\\nfound against them, they were reluctantly allowed to re-load their\\ncargoes and depart. The more anxious these parties seemed to\\nbe to reach their trading-grounds, the longer were they gener-\\nally kept at Sitka, the confusing revenue regulations serving the\\nofficers as ample excuse for their arbitrary measures.\\nBut those that got off with delays and annoyances only, fared\\ncomparatively well, for a number of vessels were actually seized\\non the most flimsy pretext and, in charge of revenue officers,\\nsent back to San Francisco. In every case, as soon as a hearing\\ncould be had, these vessels were released by the courts, but the\\nvoyages were broken up enterprises had to be abandoned, and\\nfailures and ruin came over the owners and share-holders.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0012.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "ONE OF THE MOST NOTORIOUS CASES\\nIs that of the ship Gaesarowitch, which on March 24, 1869, was\\nseized by Collector Falconer, at Sitka, and was sent back to San\\nFrancisco in charge of a Lieutenant of the revenue cutter Bdi-\\nance. She arrived in San Francisco April 18th; the case was\\nheard in the District Court on April 20th, and at once dismissed,\\nand a few days later the good ship was again on her way to\\nAlaska. The damage done to the owners by this little trick, was\\nestimated by outsiders at at least $100,000, and the former com-\\nmenced suit against the Government for double that amount.\\nThis little affair broke Mr. Falconer s back; he lost his position,\\nbut he at once received a j)i ofitable situation with Hutchinson,\\nKohl Co., as a reward for his services.\\nThe cases of the General Harney, the steamer John L. Stephens,\\nthe Lewis Perry, the Alaska, and other vessels were all of a sim-\\nilar kind, and against none of them could a case be made out.\\nBut while Hutchinson, Kohl Co s ships went always scot\\nfree, it must not be supposed that their undisturbed holds never\\ncontained any of the contraband articles; on the contrary, arms,\\nammunition and liquor reached their stations in abundance, and\\nthey openly flaunted into the faces of their rivals the advantages\\nwhich they enjoyed.\\nOur sj)ace permits us not to refer to all cases and incidents\\nwhich we have recorded in connection with these matters, but we\\nwill briefly relate one occuj-rence which particularly illustrates to\\nwhat members of the firm of Hutchinson, Kohl Co. stooped\\nto injure those who traded in Alaska:\\nIn the Spring of 18G8 the steamer Consiantine, belonging to\\nHutchinson, Kohl Co., sailed from Sitka to Victoria, carry-\\ning a number of passengers and some freight, among the latter\\nseveral lots of furs belonging to traders at Sitka.\\nWhen the steamer reached Plumper Pass, not far from Vic-\\ntoria, she struck upon a rock and knocked a hole into her bot-\\ntom, but sustained no serious damage, as she lay in a calm, river-\\nlike channel high out of the water, and had settled down on the\\nreef on an even keel and in an easy position. The passengers,", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "10\\nsome of whom were ladies, remained on board till assistance came\\nfrom Victoria; the ship, too, was hauled off after a few days, and\\nshe was soon as good as ever.\\nBut some of the members of Hutchinson, Kohl Co., who\\nhad been on board, and who were now in Victoria, asserted that\\nmost of the freight, and especially the skins, which had a value\\nof about $8,000 to $10,000, had been lost, and in spite of numer-\\nous protests of the owners, assured that nothing had been saved.\\nMr. D. Schirpser, who had shipped a lot of fine skins, and who\\nhad come down on the Constantine, in vain appealed to Captain\\nKohl, Mr. Hutchinson, and Mr. Boscovitch, all members of the\\nfirm, and finally gave up all hope of recovering his property.\\nBut one day when Mr. Schirpser managed to get into the back\\nyard of Mr. Boscovitch, who had a tobacco business at Victoria,\\nhe there discovered his casks and packages of furs, still having\\nhis name on them, stowed away under a shed. Mr. Schirpser had\\nMr. Hutchinson immediately arrested, who had to give bonds to\\nthe amount of $10,000, but he afterwards concluded to have the\\ncase brought before the Courts of San Francisoo, but while he was\\non his way down, Boscovitch telegraphed to ihe Company, and\\nthey immediately settled with Mr. Martin, (partner of Mr. Schirp-\\nser in San Francisco) who had heard of the wreck, but knew no\\ndetails, for about one-quarter the value of the skins, and when Mr.\\nSchirpser himself arrived he found his way to justice cut off.\\nA PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION.\\nThe traders and business men who were interested in Alaska,\\nand who Avere thus beset on all sides, and had in vain sought\\nredress from the Government, finally joined hands for mutual\\nprotection against the warfare that was carried on against them\\nby Hutchinson, Kohl Co., and their allies, the revenue ofiicers,\\nand in 1869, formed The Alaska Traders Protective Associa-\\ntion, Mr. C. J. Janson, President, which on May 3d organized\\nand adopted the following resolutions:\\nWheeeas, For more than a yeai- past, the commerce of Alaska, with its\\ngreat natural wealth and resources, has been monoi^olized by one firm, to the\\nprejudice of the public interests, and in manifest disregard and violation of\\nthe legal rio;hts of the citizens of the United States, and especially of the mer-\\nchants of San Francisco. And", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "11\\nWhebeaa, The revenue officers of the Federal Government in A.la8ka have\\npersistently used, and still continue to use their power, authority and influ-\\nence to assist a monoj^oly, and to crush out and drive away from that territory\\nall other traders. And\\nWheeeas, The said firm, possessing a monopoly, favored by the revenue\\nofficers, has been allowed to control the trade of Alaska, to the exclusion of all\\nother traders. And\\nWhereas, Treasury and Custom House regulations, and military orders\\nhave been made and enforced, to destroy the public trade with Alaska by bur-\\ndening it with enormous restrictions, impossible of observance, which said\\nfirm has been permitted, and is still allowed to utterly disregard. And\\nWhereas, The ships and steamers sent by merchants of San Francisco\\nto Alaska for the purpose of trade, have been repeatedly seized, and their car-\\ngoes confiscated, without due process of law, and in violation of law. And\\nWhereas, Merchants in Alaska engaged in trade, have been illegally\\nseized, imprisoned, and their property taken from them for the purpose of ex-\\npelling them from the said territory, thereby to leave the same under the con-\\ntrol of said monopoly. And\\nWhereas, The corruption of Government officers in Alaska, and the igno-\\nrance of the Government at Washington in reference to aflairs in that terri-\\ntory, are such that redress or protection from these quarters now seems hope-\\nless. And\\nWhereas, It seems impossible by individual action to exert any influence\\nwith the Government, to secure justice and break down and destroy said mo-\\nnopoly.\\nTherefore, We. merchants and citizens of San Francisco interested in the\\ntrade of Alaska, have formed and united ourselves into an association, to be\\ncalled The Alaska Traders Protective Association, for the protection and\\nenforcement of our rights in and to the trade of said territory.\\nAdopted, San Francisco, May 3d, 1869.\\nThen follows the Constitution, which is of no interest.\\nHere the whole tale of lawlessness, violence and corruption,\\nthat would have disgraced Mexico, is told in a few words com-\\nment is unnecessary.\\nBut it was to come\\nA GKEAT DEAL WOESE THAN THAT,\\nAnd the public were soon to find out that this concern of Hutch-\\ninson, Kohl Co., that had tramj^led under foot everything, that\\nhad the name of justice, fairness and humanity, that had been\\nthe worst enemy of the new territory was to become the espe-\\ncial favorite of the Government that for its sake the rights of\\nAmerican citizens were to be disregarded, and that for its sake\\nthe constitution of the United States and the settled policy of our\\ncountry were to be violated\\nWe will explain how this happened.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "12\\nTHE FUE SEAL ISLANDS.\\nIn the Behring Sea lie the two small islands St. George and\\nSt. Paul, which are inhabited each by a community of Christian\\nand fully civilized Creoles and Aleuts. Of all the wealth in fur\\nthat the whole immense territory of Alaska produces, these two\\nislands furnish over half for here assemble every Spring the\\nprecious fur-seals in countless numbers, haul uj) in immense rook-\\neries on the shore for breeding purposes, and remain till late in\\nAutumn. These seals are very easily taken, as it is only neces-\\nsary to drive a number of them inland, for a mile or two, and\\nthere kill them with clubs. It was natural that, as soon as the\\nterritory was opened to the Americans, a number of companies\\nshould immediately dispatch their ships to these mines of wealth;\\nand in 1868 we find Taylor Bendel, Williams Havens, Par-\\nrot Co. Captain Morgan, Hutchinson, Kohl Co., and others,\\nhaving stations on these islands and energetically engaged in\\ntaking skins and, strange as it may seem, in spite of the obsta-\\ncles thrown into the way of the other parties, Hutchinson, Kohl\\nCo. were among the last that arrived which shows with what\\nenergy ^the former were possessed.\\nThis year, 1868, was a golden one for the inhabitants of St.\\nGeorge and St. Paul the rival companies strove for their favor\\nevery man, woman, and half -grown child found the most profita-\\nble employment, and the coveted luxuries of the Americans, as\\nclothing and dresses, groceries, implements of all kinds, orna-\\nments, musical instruments, etc., which these parties furnished\\nthem, as well as the treatment which they received and the lib-\\nerty which they enjoyed, made their life happy and comfortable.\\nATTEMPTING SPECIAL LEGISLATION.\\nBut this was not to remain so, long the arch-enemies of Alaska\\nwere plotting to get these islands into their sole possession, and\\nhow well their deeply-laid plan succeeded has been shown by\\nsubsequent events. It became soon evident, already as early as\\n1868, that Hutchinson, Kohl Co. not only controlled the rev-\\nenue officers in Alaska and the collector of the port of San Fran-\\ncisco (who is now the president of the Alaska Commercial Co.)^", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "13\\nbut that they had also gained a great influence at Washington\\nthat deep games were being played in our national capitol, and\\nthat the Executive and Treasury departments, as well as Con-\\ngress, were discriminating in favor of said concern.\\nThe most shrewd and wily members of the company came to\\nWashington, backed by unlimited funds to gorge the greedy vul-\\ntures that hover around our seat of government, and immediately\\nsuch shameless lobbying and intrigues were set in operation that\\neven the old war horses of the lobby were astounded. As if\\ntouched by magic, we see suddenly a number of senators and\\nmembers of the Administration assume the championship for\\nHutchinson, Kohl Co., and soon it was reported that the fur-\\nseal islands were to be leased to them, to the exclusion of every-\\nbody else.\\nWhen the first rumor of the intended lease of said islands and\\ntheir inhabitants to a mercantile firm got abroad, it was not\\nbelieved that such a violation of the letter of law and the spirit\\nof our free country would be attempted. People knew that they\\nwere living in the United States of America and not in Turkey,\\nand that a President stood at the head of the nation and not the\\nShah of Persia but when the infamous scheme assumed more\\nform, and when Senator Cole, of California, actually introduced\\nhis villainous bill in Congress, there arose an outcry against it,\\nso loud and distinct that any Administration, but that then at the\\nhelm at Washington, would have heard and respected it.\\nGENERAL OPPOSITION.\\nNot only was the matter daily discussed by the press and uni-\\nversally condemned, not only were the frauds, the corruption and\\nthe misrule in Alaskan affairs, again and again exposed, and\\ndenounced in the most severe language, but all classes of citizens,\\nespecially on the Pacific Coast, raised their voice against this\\ngigantic scheme. The Chambers of Commerce of San Francisco\\nand several Eastern cities held special sessions and protested\\nagainst it, and these as well as the most influential merchants of\\nSan Francisco repeatedly memorialized President Grant and Con-\\ngress, and appealed to their sense of justice, their patriotism and\\ntheir duty.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "14\\nQUOTATIONS TAKEN FROM THE PRESS AND GENERAL PROTESTS.\\nWe will quote a few of the expressions made in regard to this\\nmattter by California papers. In a long article, headed Mo-\\nnopolizing Alaska, in the Bulletin, Jan. 23, 1869, we find\\nHutchinson, Kohl k Co. having, however, secured for themselves,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ander a Republican Government, all the privileges enjoyed by a Company that\\nwas one of the worst representatives of Riissian serfdom, etc.\\nThe Daily Herald, January 29, 1869, in speaking of Senator\\nCole s bill, says\\nThe bill is utterly indefensible.\\nThe Daily Morning Gall, February 18, 1869, brings an article\\nheaded, Gigantic Scheme to monopolize the fur trade of\\nAlaska, from which we extract the following\\nThe bill introduced by Mr. Cole, in the Senate of the United States, to\\nprevent the extermination of fur-bearing animals in Alaska, embodies a scheme\\nfor the wholesale appropriation of all the resources of that region, by a handful\\nof capitalists, such as cannot but excite public indignation.\\nThe Bulletin, February 25, says\\nNow it is better that every fur-bearing seal in Alaska shoiild be destroyed\\nwithin the next twelve months, than that such a monopoly as this, proposed in\\nCongress, should ever be perpetuated in the new Territory.\\nFrom the Chronicle, January 29, 1869, we quote\\nThe merchants of San Francisco, whose interest would suffer severely\\nby the successful passage of the Monopoly-Bill, have concluded to memo-\\nrialize Congress against its passage, and we have been shown the document,\\nwhich bears the signatures of many of our most prominent commercial firms.\\nThe Alta California, January 30, 1869, after having com-\\nmented upon Hutchinson, Kohl Co. s doings in Alaska, con-\\ntinues\\nBut a bolder step became necessary to protect them against the restless\\nenterprise of American citizens, and accordingly they have applied to the Con-\\ngress of the United States for such a charter.\\nAnd again, in the same article, we find:\\nA proposition so monstrous has never been made to any Congress.\\nAnd again:\\nThese wretched Aleuts are handed over, body and soul, to the tender\\nmercies of a single, grasping firm, to have and to hold in a worse than Russian\\nserfdom, by the legitimate successors of the imperial monopoly, which has\\njust been routed out of its strong-hold of power by the (nominal) dawning of\\nKepublicanism in the hitherto benighted regions of the North.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "15\\nAnd in a letter to the Bnlletin, dated Washington, March 26th,\\n1869, we find\\nFor some time the pressure brought to bear on the House Committee, to\\ninduce favorable action on the Senate bill, has been exceedingly heavy, and\\nthe efforts of the would-be monopolists have been of a nature so earnest and\\npersistent as to excite surprise, even among the habitues of the Capitol, who\\nwere most accustomed to witness displays of desperate lobbying surprise,\\nhowever, which was dissipated when the magnitude of the coveted prize was\\nplaced in view.\\nWhile thus the press not only of California, but of the Eastern\\nStates as well, condemned this monstrous scheme, the Chamber\\nof Commerce and the most influential citizens of San Francisco\\ntook the most active steps to prevent the passage of the bill. A\\nmemorial to Congress was prepared by San Francisco merchants,\\nJanuary 28th, 1869, which reads as follows\\nWe, the imdersigned merchants of the city of San Francisco, California,\\nspecially interested in the trade of Alaska, and also interested for the honor of\\nour country in the estimation of the civilized world, and anxious to save the\\ninhabitants of Alaska from a slavery inconsistent with our Federal Constitu-\\ntion, and opposed to a ruinous monopoly, destructive not only to the interests\\nof trade, but obnoxious to our free institutions, do solemnly protest, in behalf\\nnot only of ourselves and of the Pacific Coast, but of commerce, humanity,\\njustice, and an enlightened piiblic policy, against the passage of the Bill now\\nbefore the Congress of the United States, and introduced by Senator Cole, of\\nthis State, entitled An Act to prevent the extermination of fur-bearing ani-\\nmals in Alaska, and to protect the inhabitants thereof.\\nWe, in common with all the citizens of the Pacific, feel a deep interest\\nin the newly acquired Territory of Alaska, and see in its gi-eat natural resources\\na legitimate source of wealth to enterprising merchants and traders, and we\\nare unwilling that the whole trade of this vast region should be monopolized\\nby one firm, whose only claim to public consideration is the large fortune it has\\nmade in that Territory, and its persistent and too successful endeavors to dis-\\ncourage and destroy competition.\\nWhile the helpless inhabitants of Alaska are unable to memorialize your\\nhonorable body for themselves, and plead in their own behalf, we, as a matter\\nof justice and humanity, protest in their name against the attempt now being\\nmade through this Bill to reduce them to a condition of vassalage to one com-\\npany, from whom we believe they have already sutfered much.\\nAll of which is respectfully submitted.\\nAgapius Honchareuko, Taylor and Bendel, E. Tibbey, John Parrott,\\nLouis B. Parrott, Alsop and Co., W. H. Ennis, H. Cohen, S. Martin, Langley,\\nCrowell and Co., A. S. Eoseubaura and Co., L. E. Heck and Co., Fordham\\nand Jennings, Wellman, Peck and Co., Mitchler and Kessiug, Irvine and Co.,\\nWiLmerding and Kellogg, A. Walker, L. N. Handy and Co. Pioneer American\\nFur Company, Smith and Kittredge, N. B. Edgerly and Co., Jacob Deith,\\nCoffin and Patrick, Elisha Higgins, G. H. Collins, A. Crawford and Co.,\\nCharles Hare, Wright and Browne, L. W. Williams, W. B. Holcomb, George\\nM. Josselyn, C. J. Hansen, Cox and Nichols, J. and J. Spruance, W. W.\\nDodge and Co., Lynde and Hough, George Hughes, George L. Debrow, R. H.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "16\\nWaterman, L. H. Bonestell, B. H. Freeman, R. Pesteiu and Co., I. Shirpser,\\nSamuel Adams, C. W. Hane, Wheelan and Co., Adolph Muller, F. H. Rosen-\\nbaum and Co., Frederic Claj% Dodge, Bros, and Co., George W. Stewart and\\nCo., James N. McCune, Fargo and Co., Josiah Stanford, L. L. Treadwell,\\nHobbs, Gilmore and Co., H. Liebes and Co., Pacific Fur Emporium, T. Bear-\\nward, W. 0. Gray, Marsh, Pilsbury and Co., James R. Kelly, R. B. Swain and\\nCo., E. A. Fargo.\\nSan Francisco, California, January 28th, 1869.\\nAnother memorial to President Grant, which was prepared in\\nJune, and very extensively signed, contains still more urgent\\nlanguage; it reads:\\nMEMORIAL\\nTo THE PbESIDENT OF THE UNITED StATES, FOK THE PROTECTION OF THE\\nRights and Interests of the People and Government of the United\\nStates in the Territory of Alaska, by Merchants and Citizens of\\nthe City of San Francisco, California.\\nYour petitioners, merchants, bankers and business men of the city of San\\nFrancisco, engaged or deeply interested in the trade of Alaska, and in its de-\\nvelopment, respectfully submit the following Memorial for the consideration\\nof the executive of the United States, trusting that it will be favorably re-\\ngarded and acted upon.\\nThe condition of affairs in Alaska, from the time that Territory was ceded\\nto the United States, has been, and still continues to be, highly prejudicial to\\nthe rights of the citizens of the Pacific Coast, and especially of this city,\\ninterested in its commerce, and, we deeply regret to say, disreputable to the\\nUnited States Revenue officers in that Territory, and unfortunate for the true\\ninterests of our Government therein.\\nWe will not weary you with lengthy details, but respectfully submit the\\nfollowing facts, of which we have been informed, and which we believe to be\\ntrue. They are within the personal knowledge of some of your jDetitioners.\\nThe trade of Alaska, or, at least, that portion of it which relates to the\\nkilling of seals and the acquisition of their skins, has been, from the first,\\ncontrolled by the firm of Hutchinson, Kohl Co., to the exclusion of other\\nmerchants and traders, who profess the same legal right in that Territory.\\nThe said firm has been permitted to control the action of United States\\nRevenue officers in Alaska, to secure its interests and break down and expel\\nall competitors.\\nMr. Samuel Falconer, Special Deputy Collector at Sitka, is an agent of\\nsaid firm. In confirmation of this statement we submit the following extract\\nfrom the Alaska Herald, published in this city, of May 1, 1869:\\nHutchinson, Kohl Co. imagine that all Russian America is their\\nempire. A few weeks ago Mr. Falconer, the agent of this firm in Alaska, also\\nDeputy Collector at Sitka, seized the schooners Alaska and Lewis Perry, not\\nfor the violation of the law, but to prevent these traders from doing business\\nin their empire.\\nNearly every sutler attached to the United States military posts in Alaska\\nis an agent or employee of said firm. The \u00c2\u00bbsix citizens permitted by law to", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "17\\nremain upon the Islands of St. Paul s and St. George s, a United States mili-\\nary reservation, are all connected with said firm. Other officers of the Fed-\\neral Government in Alaska, if not in the actual employ of said firm, are, at\\nleast, attached to it in interest by corrupt means.\\nThe natural consequence of this deplorable condition of things is, that the\\nsaid firm controls almost the whole Revenue service of this Government in\\nAlaska, and that the Keveuue officers use their poM er, authority and influence,\\nin many cases, corruptly to advance the interests of said firm, and crush out\\nall competition, thereby leaving the whole trade of Alaska, or the most valu-\\nable portion of it, with said firm.\\nSaid firm has been repeatedly permitted to openly violate or disregard the\\nTreasury and Custom House regulations and military orders, affecting the\\ntrade of Alaska, while the same have been enforced against all others\\nwith undue rigor, in violation of their triie spirit and intent. All but the\\nagents and employees of said firm have been expelled from the United States\\nmilitary posts in Alaska.\\nSteamers and ships belonging to citizens of San Francisco, lawfully en-\\ngaged in trade with Alaska, have been seized by United States revenue officers,\\nin said Territory, in the interests of said firm, and for its benefit, without due\\nprocess of law, and in violation of law.\\nEven vessels attached to the Eevenue service of the United States have\\nbeen used by said firm for the transportation of its property, while the expense\\nof the same was paid out of the public treasury.\\nUpon the Islands of St. George and St. Paul, said firm, through its agents\\nin sutlerships attached to the United States military posts, has been per-\\nmitted to monopolize the trade in the fur seals, only found on said Islands, to\\nthe exclusion of all other citizens.\\nWe respectfully submit, that the monopoly of the trade of Alaska,\\npossessed by the said firm, is in violation of our laws, and of the spirit of our\\ninstitutions, and is in gross violation and disregard of the rights of your peti-\\ntioners, in common with all other citizens of the United States in said Terri-\\ntory, and that we feel deeply aggrieved thereby. We respectfully pray that\\nsuch measures may be taken by this Government as will put an end to said\\nmonopoly, and admit all other citizens of the United States to equal rights,\\nand participation in the trade of Alaska.\\nWe further submit, that the natives of Alaska are ignorant of the United\\nStates laws and Treasury regulations for that Territory, because the same have\\nnot been published in their language- -the Eussian which nearly all the\\nAlaskians can read and write\\nWe respectfully recommend that the same be published in the Alaska\\nHerald, a newspaper printed in the Eussian and English language in this city,\\nin the Eussian language, and also printed in that language, for gratuitous dis-\\ntribution among the five thousand natives of Alaska, who, we are informed,\\ncan read. We further respectfully submit, that said laws and regulations are\\nnot known and understood by the people on this Coast, and respectfully rec-\\nommend that the same be published in one or more of the public newspapers\\nof this city.\\nYour petitioners pray that an investigation may be ordered, forthwith,\\ninto the administration of the Eevenue laws and regulations in Alaska, and\\nthat all officers in the employ of, or receiving pay from said firm of Hutchin-\\nson, Kohl Co., be forthwith discharged from the public service, and be suc-\\nceeded by faithful and disinterested men, who shall be free from the corrupt\\n2", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "1$\\ninfluences of said firm, and abstain from administering their offices, and\\nwielding their power and authority for its benefit. That all the sutlers now\\nattached to United States military posts in Alaska, being all, or nearly all, in\\nthe employ of said firm, be forthwith discharged, and superseded by disinter-\\nested men.\\nYour petitioners further recommend and pray that no person, other than\\nnatives of Alaska, be permitted to engage in the trade of said Territory, unless\\nhe first file his declaration of his purpose so to do, with Collector of this port,\\nthat no vessel be permitted to clear for A.laska, or enter any of its ports, or\\ntouch at any portion of its Territory, without first having obtained a clearance\\nfrom the Custom House of San Francisco direct for Alaska, and the filing in\\nsaid office of a declaration by the owner or master of such vessel that the\\nsame will engage in the trade of Alaska. Several vessels have sailed from\\nSiberia to Alaska, loaded with opium and other goods, upon which heavy\\nduties are imposed, and by going direct to Sitka and clearing there for this\\ncity, as though their cargoes were the products of Alaska, have escaped the\\npayment of duties upon their cargoes, thus defrauding the revenue of the\\nUnited States of large siims, which, we believe, amount in the aggregate to\\nmore than two hundred thousand dollars. That no vessel be permitted to\\nengage in the fur seal trade of Alaska, without a clearance from the Custom\\nHouse at San Francisco, and a declaration by the owner or master thereof,\\nfiled therein, of intention to kill or purchase fiir seals, or to do both. That\\nnone but citizens of the United States be permitted to engage in the trade or\\nfisheries of Alaska.\\nYour petitioners would fiirther respectfully recommend and pray, with\\nrespect to the fur seal trade of Alaska, that laws be passed, and in the mean-\\ntime Treasury regulations be promulgated, prohibiting the killing of seals upon\\nthe Islands of St. George and St. Paul by any but natives of Alaska, and ex-\\ncept from September to November of each year, and that only a certain num-\\nber i^er annum on each island be killed, that it shall be unlawful to kill female\\nseals, or pups under one year of age. That every sealskin, before its sale, be\\nexhibited to a United States Inspector, to be apiaointed on each of said Islands\\nfor such purpose, who, if the same appear to have been killed in violation of\\nlaw, shall confiscate the same for the public benefit, and fine or punish, in\\nsuch manner as may be prescribed, the person exhibiting the same; that said\\nskins be sold to traders in the presence of such Inspectors, and that the time\\nof sale by the natives, the purchaser thereof be required to pay such Inspect-\\nors such Government tax as may be imposed for each skin, and, after such\\npayment the said skins shall be stamped or branded by such officers.\\nWe respectfully submit, that at present, no person other than United\\nStates troops and Kevenue officers, and agents to said Hutchinson, Kohl\\nCo., are permitted to reside or land upon either of said Islands, or to pur-\\nchase sealskins procured thereon, and that, consequently, said firm possesses\\na monopoly of said trade, to the manifest prejudice of the public, and to\\nthe detriment of the public revenue, which loses the sum that might with\\ncompetition be collected on said skins.\\nWe respectfully recommend and pray that some one place on each of said\\nIslands may be designated as a public market, in which citizens of the United\\nStates may be permitted to reside and purchase said sealskins, during a certain\\nseason to be designated for the sale of the same; and that the purchase of\\nsuch sealskins in said markets may be thereon open to the comi^etition of citi-\\nzens of the United States. Or, that the right to purchase said sealskins upon\\nsaid Islands, each separately, be sold at public auction in San Francisco, to\\nthe responsible bidder who offers the highest sum thereof, and that no person\\nor firm be permitted to ptirchase such franchise for more than one of said\\nIslands or that sealed bids for the sale of such franchise be received by the", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "19\\nCollector of this port, or the Treasury agent of the United States in this\\ncity.\\nWe respectfully request that an answer to this memorial be forwarded to\\nthe\\nSan Feancisco, June 15, 1869.\\nThe Chamber of Commerce, at regular and special sessions,\\ndiscussed the matter most earnestly, and at a meeting held on\\nFebruary 22, 1869, the President was instructed to telegraph to\\nour delegates in Congress, requesting them to unitedly use\\ntheir influence to at least delay action upon the subject of a dis-\\nposition of the fur-seal interest of Alaska.\\nAt this meeting a petition of Aleuts to the Chamber of Com-\\nmerce of San Francisco was received, imploring the same for aid\\nand protection against oppression by Hutchinson, Kohl Co.\\nSoon after a special meeting having been called for the pur-\\npose, the Chamber of Commerce memorialized Congress, asking\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0equal rights for all parties, and at the same time protection to\\nthe fur-bearing animals, and a bill in regard to Alaska was j)re-\\npared by the former, and submitted to the latter, which, if it\\nhad been adopted, would have solved the problem to everybody s\\nsatisfaction.\\nBut amidst all this storm of indignation and protests, the\\nPresident of the United States and the Congress, then in session,\\nexhibited the utmost disregard for the wishes of the people so\\nunmistakably pronounced.\\nThe interest of the whole Pacific Coast, the clamor of the\\nentire press, the loud voice of the j^ublic, and the plain letter\\nof the Constitution of the United States were outweighed by the\\ninfluence of one concern, that came prepared with unlimit-\\ned funds which it distributed with a lavish hand. It was\\ncoolly resolved that the jjrincipal wealth of Alaska should be\\nhanded over to Hutchinson, Kohl Co., and that the unfortu-\\nnate Aleuts of St. Paul and St. George should be delivered into\\ntheir hands; but as this could not be done without Congress hav-\\ning regularly acted upon it, a plan was devised which would\\nenable Hutchinson, Kohl Co., to enjoy in the meantime all\\nthe privileges which they coveted.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "20\\nFAVOEITISM SHOWN BY THE GOVEKNMENT TO HUTCHIN-\\nSON, KOHL CO.\\nThis was done in the following manner In order to prevent\\nthe speedy extermination of the fur-seals, it was resolved that the\\nGovernment itself should take charge of the islands till Congress\\nhad acted upon the matter, and that no more seals should be\\nkilled than were needed for the support of the inhabitants, say\\nfrom 2,000 to 3,000, [so far so good, a most excellent measure;\\nbvit now comes the real object] and that all parties, then having\\nstations on the islands, should be driven off, except Hutchinson,\\nKohl Co., and Williams Haven, the latter of which had\\nconsolidated with the former.\\nCollector Miller, of San Francisco, received therefore a dis-\\npatch signed by Secretary McCullough, and dated Washington,\\nFebruary 13, 1869, which says:\\nSteamer Alexander, [belonging to Hutchinson, Kohl Co.,]\\nmay clear in ballast with sea-stores direct for St. Paul and St.\\nGeorge, to remove property of owners, and part of their em-\\nployees; send with her two trustworthy inspectors to remain on\\nsaid islands, and prevent landing of any person or merchandise\\nuntil relieved by Lincoln.\\nThus Hutchinson, Kohl Co s vessel was commissioned to do\\nthe Government s work, and General Miller who soon after re-\\nsigned his collectorship to become President of the Alaska Com-\\nmercial Company, was entrusted with the selection of two trust-\\nworthy inspectors. Of course these orders were only a form,\\nthe real intention was that Hutchinson, Kohl Co., should take\\nimmediate possession of St. Paul and St. George, and when Col.\\nFrank W. Wicker, then Collector of Alaska, and Mr. Vincent\\nColyer, visited the islands dui ing 1869 as special agents of the\\nGovernment, they found, that instead of 3,000 seals altogether,,\\nover 60,000 seals had been killed on St. Paul alone; and when\\nCol. Wicker made a report of the fact to the Government, he was\\nimmediately relieved. The skins were of course approjDriated by\\nHutchinson, Kohl Co.\\nDuring the same year, when Mr. Thomas Taylor, of the firm of\\nTaylor Bendel, of San Francisco, touched at the islands in his", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "21\\nBtjliooner, Page, to look after his property, whicli bis employees\\nhad been forced to abandon, he found that his buildings had\\nbeen appropriated by the Government, and he was peremptorily\\nordered to leave.\\nTHE LEASE.\\nWhen the chances of Hutchinson, Kohl Co., of getting- pos-\\nsession of the fur-seal islands became almost a certainty, not\\nonly Williams Haven had joined them, but Collector Miller\\n[who is a special friend and favorite of Gen. Grant, and who\\nhad served the Comj^any so well and his country so badly] re-\\nsigned his collectorship of the port of San Francisco to become\\nPresident of this enlarged concern which now called itself The\\nAlaska Commercial Comijany. In the meantime while the lob-\\nbying at Washington went bravely on, it had been decided that\\nsaid islands were to be leased, but in order to preserve at least\\nan appearance of fairness, not to the Alaska Commercial Com-\\npany, but to the highest bidder; but that this was nothing else\\nbut a blind to satisfy and appease the public subsequent events\\nhave sufficiently proven.\\nCongress passed an Act entitled:\\nAN ACT TO PREVENT THE EXTEEMINATION OF FUR-BEARING\\nANIMALS IN ALASKA.\\n[Appkoved July 1, 1870.]\\nThe principal provisions of the Acts are the following\\nNo more than 100,000 seals a year are allowed to be killed on\\nTaoth islands together (75,000 seals on St. Paul Island, and 25,000\\non St. George Island), under pain of forfeiture of the lease.\\nTerms of the lease twenty years from May 1, 1870. The year-\\nly rental to be no less than $50,000 per annum.\\nThe lease to be made immediately after the passage of the Acts\\nto the best advantage of the United States to proper and responsi-\\nble parties, having due regard to the interest of the Government,\\nthe native inhabitants, the parties heretofore engaged in the trade\\nand the preservation of the seal fisheries.\\nThe wording of the Acts clearly indicates that the lease should\\n^0 to the highest responsible bidder filling the conditions and", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "22\\nqualifications required by the Acts. This seems also to have been\\nthe opinion of Secretary Boutwell, but the Alaska Commercial\\nCompany insisted that the Lease Act was passed for their special\\nbenefit. They were so importunate that the Secretary of the\\nTreasury felt induced to apply to the Attorney General for\\nadvice.\\nThis application was made in a letter under date of July 2,\\n1870, to the purport that the lease should be awarded to the\\nhighest responsible bidder, to the best advantage of the United\\nStates, according to the wording of the Act,\\nThe Secretary of the Treasury then issued the following adver-\\ntisement, dated July 8, 1870\\nADVERTISEMENT.\\nThe Secretary of the Treasury \u00e2\u0080\u00a2will receive sealed proposals until\\n12 o clock, noon, Wednesday, the 20th of July inst, for the exclusive right to\\ntake fur seals upon the Islands St. Paiil and St. George, Alaska, for the\\nterm of twenty years from the 1st day of May, 1870, agi-eeably to the pro-\\nvisions of an Act approved July 1, 1870, instituted: An Act to prevent the\\nextermination of fur-hearing animals in Alaska.\\nIn addition to the specific terms prescribed in the Act, the successful\\nbidder will be required to provide a suitable building for a public school on\\neach Island, and to pay the expense of maintaining a school therein for not\\nless than eight months in each year, as may be required by the Secretary of\\nthe Treasury.\\nAlso to pay the natives of the Islands for the labor performed by them\\nas may be necessary for their proper support, under regulations as may be\\nprescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury.\\nThe remaining Alaska traders, though having strenuously work-\\ned against the Lease Act while it was pending, knew full well that\\nthe lease in such hands as those of the Alaska Company would be\\nequivalent to a monopoly of the whole of Alaska Territory, and also\\nequivalent to their gradual ejectment from it.\\nThey were consequently compelled, in order to save their invest-\\nments, to compete for and bid on the lease\\nThe 20th day of July was the last day of receiving bids. On\\nthat last day the Treasury Department issued a singular memoran-\\ndum, which we subjoin.\\nOffice of the Seceetakt,\\nJuly 20, 1870. j\\nMemorandum in reference to bids for the exclusive right to take- fur seals\\nupon the Islands St Paul and St. George, read before the persons present at\\nthe opening of the bids at 12 o clock noon, July 20, 1870.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "23\\nFirst. The successful bidder will be required to deposit security within\\nthree days to the amouut of \u00c2\u00a750,000 in lawful money or bonds of the United\\nStates, for the due execution of contracts, agreeably to An Act to prevent\\nthe extermination of fur-bearing animals in Alaska. Approved July 1, 1870.\\nSeco7id. It being apparent from the language employed in the Act afore*\\nsaid, that it was the intention of Congress to give a preference to the Alaska\\nCommercial Company in the award of their contracts, I think it proper to\\nstate, before the bids are opened, that the contract will be awarded to the said\\nCompany if their proposal shall be not more than ten per cent, below that of\\nthe highest bidder.\\nThird. No bid will be accepted unless made by a responsible party,\\nacquainted with the business, or skilled in kindred pursuits to such an extent\\nas to render it probable that the contract will be so executed as to secure the\\nresults contemplated by the lease.\\nThe Secretary then proceeded to open the bids, of which there\\nwere fourteen.\\nThe lowest bid was that of the Alaska Commercial Company,\\namounting to $65,000 rental a year and the highest bid that of\\nLouis Goldstone, for a combination of various San Francisco\\nfirms, amounting to a yearly rental of $227,500.\\nThe principal parties in the combination of firms for whom\\nGroldstone had made the bids, was the firm of Taylor Bendel,\\none of the most respectable and prominent houses of San Fran-\\ncisco that had been engaged in the Alaska trade from its opening?\\nand having the additional advantage over the Alaska Commercial\\nCompany of prior occupation. The inquiries immediately institu-\\nted by the Government in Washington, through the agency of\\nCustom House Collector Phelps, of San Francisco, as to their\\nstanding and responsibility, were of a character in every way\\nsatisfactory.\\nNotwithstanding this and the great discrepancy in the bids, the\\nAlaska Commercial Company entered various protests, which\\nwere referred by Mr. Boutwell to the Attorney General. Then\\nMr. A. T. Ackerman, who heard arguments on both sides, and\\nunder date of July 29th, decided in favor of Goldstone and associ-\\nates.\\nAfter the delivery of Mr. Ackerman s opinion, it was everywhere\\ntaken for granted the lease would be awarded to Goldstone.\\nNobody had any doubt of it. All obstacles had been removed,\\nand all protests done away with.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "24\\nOn July 30fch Mr. Goldstone consequently called at tbe Treas-\\nury office for the lease, but to his utter astonishment and conster-\\nnation he was informed that the lease had been awarded to the\\nAlaska Commercial Company, on the terms of his own (Gold-\\nstone s) bid. The communication was made by acting Secretary\\nWilliam A. Richardson, whose face in giving the information was\\ncrimsoned with shame. Mr. Boutwell had secretly left for\\nMassachusetts.\\nThus it came to pass that the scheme succeeded; that slavery\\nand bondage, for the abolishment of which, a few years before\\nthe best blood of America had been sacrificed, was here restored\\nand was openly sanctioned by Congress, that free and liberal\\nAmerica had granted a monopoly of trade, and was placed on a\\nfooting with the most despotic of the powers of Europe, Russia,\\nand that Christian communities together with their two islands\\nwere leased to the Alaska Commercial Company for twenty years.\\nAlas Alaska was then indeed an appropriate term\\nACCUSED OF BEIBERY.\\nIf the prize that the Alaska Commercial Company had thus\\ngained was enormous, it can be imagined that a tremendous sum\\nhad to be sacrificed to satisfy the political cormorants, and the\\npress in those days made the most sweeping charges against\\nmembers of Congress and members of the Administration, and\\nthere was an ugly rumor that the brother-in-law of the Presi-\\ndent, Mr. Dent, had been made a partner of the concern at the\\neleventh hour.\\nSTATE OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE FUR-SEAL ISLANDS.\\nAlthough the Alaska Commercial Company has ever since the\\nwretched people of St. George and St. Paul were delivered into\\ntheir hands, asserted that the latter are well satisfied with their con-\\ndition, and that they are as happy as the day is long; yet the\\nmeager news that, in spite of the vigilance of the Company, have\\nreached San Francisco, tell a different tale, and they are so re-\\nstricted by the terms of the lease that they are in nothing else\\nbut a state of bo ndage and slavery.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "25\\nThe inhabitants of these islands are shut oft from commu-\\nnication with the outer world like a colony of convicts, as no\\nvessel is permitted to touch at, or no person allowed to land on\\ntheir soil, except those belonging to the Alaska Commercial Com-\\npany. They are not allowed to leave the island without pei mis-\\nsion. They are forced to accept 40 cents per skin, which are\\nworth from $10 to $20 each at Loudon, and they must pay for\\nthe commodities of life what the Alaska Commercial Company\\ndemands of them. And if we consider that they are brought\\ninto this condition by the Government of the United States, which\\nhas the sacred duty to protect the personal liberty of every indi-\\nvidual within its domains, we cannot imagine a more flagrant case\\nof the violation of the principles of Kepublicanism than that\\nwhich here presents itself.\\nConsidering furthermore the course which Hutchinson, Kolil\\nCo., which is now the Alaska Commercial Company, have ever\\npursued since their name has been known, bow little they have\\nrespected what humanity, law and justice demands, we are forced\\nto believe that the condition of the inhabitants of St. George\\nand St. Paul is not such as they represent, and that the latter\\ndeeply feel their degradation and long for the light of freedom\\nwhich sheds its rays everywhere, within the wide boundaries of our\\ncountry, except at this benighted spot, has been shown by that\\ntouching appeal, which after many obstacles finally reached the\\nears of the American people, but only to be left unheeded by\\nthose parties that wielded the power and that held the remedy in\\ntheir hands, but whose interest was at stake.\\nTHE SUPPRESSED PETITION.\\nWe refer to the famous petition of the inhabitants of St.\\nGeorge s Island, which can not be read without a feeling of re-\\ngret, shame and indignation, and the history of which, briefly\\ngiven, is as follows:\\nWhen the fur-seal islands had been about a year in possession\\nof the Alaska Commercial Company, there arrived in San Fran-\\ncisco a native of the island of St. George, by the name of Peter\\nRupi, who brought to Agapius Honsharenko, editor of the Alaska\\nHerald a paper published in San Francisco a petition written", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "26\\nin the Russian language, which had been drawn up by the same\\nAleuts who once before appealed to the Chamber of Commerce*\\nand which had been signed by all the leading men of said islands.\\nThe following is the petition translated into readable English:\\nTHE SUPPEESSED PETITION.\\nWe, the undersigned natives of St. George Island, Alaska^\\nand citizens of the United States, by virtue of Treaty Stipu-\\nlations, feeling aggrieved at the mismanagement of the affairs\\nof this Territory, resulting in serious grievances to us, availed\\nourselves of the medium of a petition to the General Gov-\\nernment, in the hopes of accomplishing through such means,\\nsuch reforms in the management of Alaskan affairs as would\\ntend to ameliorate the unhappy condition in which we found\\nourselves placed.\\nThis petition was framed in 1869, and was entrusted to the\\ncare of our countryman, I. Arcliimandritoff, to be forwarded\\ntotiie proper authorities at Washington for their action thereon\\nin our relief; but we are sorry to say it never reached its des-\\ntination. Again we prepared the petition, and this time to\\nassure its delivery to the authorities at Washington, we en-\\ntrusted it to Mr. N.Buynitski, a United States official from\\nWashington, at the time present on the Island. This officer\\nreceived the petition in 1870, and promised faithfully to pre-\\nsent the same to the authorities at Washington; but on his\\nreturn amongst us in the year 1871, we were again destined to\\ndisappointment, for on our urgent inquiry as to what had\\nbeen done with our petition, we received no answer. We\\nhave, in view of these facts, been forced to the conclusion,\\nthat our petition to ensure us the redress of our grievances\\naddressed to the Supreme authority at Washington, has been\\nsuppressed.\\nNow, therefore, we, the undersigned, forward for publica-\\ntion in the Alaska Herald a copy of the said suppressed peti-\\ntion, in hopes that it may, by that means, reach the ear of\\nthe General Government, and the proper authorities thereof,\\nat Washington.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "27\\nPETITION.\\nSt. Geokge Island, Alaska, August 5, 1871.\\nWe, the undersigned natives of St. George Island, Alaska,\\nand citizens of the United States, consider that we have been\\ntreated by the United States Government without due con-\\nsideration to our wants and necessities.\\nThat we can read and write and are capable of holding\\ncorrespondence with the Government.\\nThat Government, without consulting us, or understanding\\nour situation, wants, and necessities, leased the Island on\\nwhich we live, for twenty years, thereby virtually sentencing\\nus to a twenty years imprisonment.\\nThat we recognize by this act, that we have been reduced\\nto a species of slavery, and that we are compelled to labor\\nand to receive therefor only forty cents per fur seal skin, or\\n50 cents per day for labor when we can procure it an\\namount entirely inadequate to our wants, and which leaves\\nus dependents and paupers, checking our prosperity, and im-\\npeding the progress of our civilization.\\nThat in consequence the education of our children, a priv-\\nilege secured to other citizens of the United States, must be\\nabandoned. Morally, religiously, socially and commercially,\\nour destiny is in the hands of the lessees of the Government.\\nWe are the slaves of these lessees, and at their mercy.\\nWe are shut out from all intercourse with other portions\\nof the Republic, and are consequently debarred from im-\\nprovement by mutual correspondence with sister communi-\\nties, and from learning through such intercourse, how to ad-\\nvance in the common civilization of our country.\\nEven merchants and traders are excluded from our shores\\nby these lessees, and competition is thus cut off, and we are\\ndependent only on the mercies of our masters. The em-\\nployees of the Company (lessees of our Island) often beat\\nand violently assault us, threatening to drive every Aleut\\nfrom the Island, and that they have that power, through this", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "28\\nlease obtained by them from Government, at a cost of many\\nthousand dollars. These employees are careless and indif-\\nferent about the fur-seal, our only resource and support for\\nourselves and families. The lessees are permitted to kill\\n25,000 per annum. When we bring them skins, they select\\nonly the first class skin, and order us to take the rest out of\\ntheir sight. By this means, out of one hundred skins, about\\n75 are purchased by them, and the rest, 25 skins, have to be\\nthrown into the sea. The rejected skins which are cast into\\nthe sea and destroyed, would find a ready sale with other out-\\nside traders who are eager to purchase them; and thus are the\\nfur seals gradually disappearing; our labor is partially lost,\\nand 25 per cent, of the wealth of our industry is lost to us,\\nbecause no one is allowed to visit our shores to trade with\\nus, but the lessees of our Island, whom we are compelled to\\nregard in the light of masters and even tyrants.\\nIn conclusion, we beg respectfully of the United States\\nGovernment, and of our fellow citizens all over the Repub-\\nlic, to regard us not as wild Indians; we are not such, but as\\nfellow citizens, struggling to advance in civilization, and to\\nbecome worthy to be esteemed as fellow citizens of the Re-\\npublic.\\nPetee Eezantzow, Alexis Galamin,\\nAndronic Eezantzow, Gabriel Galamin,\\nNiciPHOR Veculow, Boris Galamin,\\nPeter Eupi, Alexis Ustugow,\\nAlexis Shvetcow, Barpholomeus Malovanski,\\nEgor Kolechow, Ivan Shein,\\nIvan Philemonow, Ivan Popoff,\\nSabba Kolechow, Alexander Ustugow,\\nJob Philemonow, Sebastian Merguriew,\\nZachar Ustugow, Neophit Shvetcow,\\nTlaton Yeculow, Joseph Shvetcow,\\nCiPRIAN MeRCUEIEW, NICHOLAS USTUGOW,\\nPeter Chlebow, Phoca Shein,\\nUsTiN Shvetcow, Ivan Akupski.\\n,Semen Philemonow,", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "29\\nThis petition created a sensation in California as well as in the\\nEast, and was a bombshell to the Alaska Commercial Company.\\nAgain did the press raise its voice in behalf of these unfor-\\ntunate Aleuts; again was the unconstitutionality of the lease held\\nup before the public, and again were justice and fairness de-\\nmanded. But once more did the storm of indignation break\\nupon the stoical front that the government presented; the Alaska\\nCommercial Company declared the petition a fabrication, and\\nprobably spent another cool $50,000 where it did most good, and\\nthat ended the matter. The Government did not take the slightest\\nnotice of the petition, and the Alaska Commercial Company has\\nbeen careful that not another one should leave the island again.\\nWe exclaim, again Alas, Alaska I\\nONE MORE EFFORT.\\nIt was now evident, beyond all doubt, that, although the gen-\\neral Government was fully acquainted with every detail of this\\ndisgraceful affair, no redress could be obtained at Washington\\nstill, one more effort was made by the indignant citizens of San\\nFrancisco, and, in February, 1872, the Senate of the State of\\nCalifornia was memorialized and implored to use its influence\\nwith the Government of the United States in behalf of this cause.\\nWe give here the memorial\\nMEMORIAL\\nTo THB Honorable the Senate and the House of Representatives of the\\nState of California\\nThe memorial of the undersigned citizens of the United States, and mer-\\nchants and traders of the city of San Francisco most respectfully represents\\nThat whereas. The purchase of the Territory of Alaska by the United\\nStates Government, at a cost of over $7,000,000, paid out of the public treas-\\nury, was a national act, the purpose of which was the acquisition of territory\\nwith a view to the eventual carving out therefrom of a State or States for\\nadmission into the Union, with power reserved in the general Government\\nintermediate such acquisition, and the ultimate object for which all territory is\\nacquired, to exercise such authority over the same as a wise and prudent admin-\\nistration should dictate.\\nAnd whereas, the isolated position of Alaska, and the peculiar resources of\\nthat territory, render the inhabitants thereof singularly dependent on commerce\\nfor the supply of most of the necessaries of life, without which they must be\\nabandoned to the most pitiable privations and be reduced to the most urgent\\ndistress.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "30\\nAnd wbereas, in view of the above facts, a wise and prudent administration\\n-of the affairs in the government of said territory would dictate that trade and\\nintercourse between said territory and the rest of the Republic should be guar-\\nanteed free, uninterrupted and untrammeled, and every facility should be\\nafforded by the general Government to promote such intercourse for the mutual\\nbenefit of all citizens of the Eepublic, and for the development of such\\nresources as may lie dormant in that distant territory.\\nAnd whereas, the entire Pacific Coast is immediately interested in the pro-\\nmotion of such trade and intercourse with Alaska, and especially the State of\\nCalifornia, whose position and resources and commercial facilities eminently\\ndesign it to be the purveyor to the wants of its fellow citizens in Alaska, and\\nthe magazine from which may be drawn such supplies as may be required by\\nthem and not afforded in their latitude.\\nAnd whereas, the Congress of the United States, in the exercise of its legiti-\\nmate authority, given under paragraph 3 of Section VIII of Article I of the\\nFederal Constitution, which empowers Congress to regulate commerce among\\nthe several States, etc., has unwisely, injudiciously and imprudently, and in\\nthe absence of all knowledge of the wants, rights and desires of the people of\\nthat territory, and by undue influence and corrupt practices of parties person-\\nally and pecuniarily interested, seeking to betray the interests of said people,\\nand to mislead and deceive the general Government, made a certain contract\\nwith the Alaska Commercial Company, in the nature of a lease of the import-\\nant islands of St. Paul and St. George in Behring Sea, the said islands being\\nthe only known home of the fur-seal in America.\\nAnd whereas, by the terms of said contract, or lease. Congress has surren-\\ndered to the said Company, for a jjeriod of twenty years, the entire resources\\nof the said islands, together with the inhabitants thereof, in their foreign inter-\\ncourse and the entire regulation of the trade therewith, and has invested the\\nsaid Company with such arbitrary privileges and powers as to virtually give to\\nsaid Company a monopoly of the entire resources and commercial interests of\\nthe said territory, thereby shutting in the inhabitants thereof from all inter-\\ncourse, through the medium of commerce, with their fellow citizens elsewhere\\nin the Union except through the agents and emijloyees of the said monopoly.\\nAnd whereas, by the terms of the said contract or lease the Congress of\\nthe United States has abdicated in favor of said monopoly that portion of the\\nsovereign power of the Government of the United States which can rightfully\\nbe exercised by Congress alone.\\nAnd whereas, the executive branch of the general Government, through its\\nofficers and agents, thereto prompted by like undue influences and corrupt\\npractices and means, has been led to sustain and support the said mouopolj in\\nthe illegal exercise of its unconstitutional privileges and powers in that\\nIt has surrendered itself, through its Revenue officers in Alaska, to the\\ncontrol of this monopoly.\\nIt has permitted Federal officers to act as agents of the said monopoly.\\nIt has permitted Federal officers to become stockholders in said monopoly.\\nIt has sufi ered the said monoijoly, from time to time and on repeated occa-\\nsions, to violate with impunity the customs, regulations and military orders\\naffecting trade with Alaska, by the laxity and collusion of its agents, acting in\\nthe double capacity of Federal officers and agents of the said monopoly, while\\nthe said regulations and orders were rigorously and arbitrarily enforced against\\nother merchants and traders, to a degree in violation of the spirit and intent of\\nthe same.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "31\\nIt has caused steamers and vessels to be illegally seized aud sold by its offi-\\ncers in Alaska at the dictation of the said monopoly, and upon pretended\\ninfractions of the said regulations and orders, solely for the purpose of imped-\\ning commerce, driving out competition with said monopoly, and to suppress\\ntrade with the people of Alaska, and have thereby entailed great loss to the\\ncommercial interests of California, and siibjected the merchants of this State\\nto great cost and expense in contesting false and frivolous charges i^referred by\\nexecutive officials acting in the said double capacity as Federal officers and\\nagents of the said mono^wly.\\nIt has, through its agents on this Coast, prostituted its powers at the dicta-\\ntion of, and in the interest of, said monopoly, to hedge in, confine, and cripple\\nthe rights and privileges of the salmon and codfish fleets of this State, saiUng\\nin Alaskan waters, by forbidding the bartering of merchandise, even for neces-\\nsary supplies, while the same officials have permitted the fishing vessels of the\\nsaid monopoly to exercise unrestricted trade with that territory.\\nIt has suffered its revenue cutters, while in public service and under public\\nexpense and pay, to be used by the said monopoly for the transportation of the\\neffects of said monopoly.\\nAnd whereas, the executive branch of the general Government, by the acts\\naforesaid and otherwise, has abdicated that portion of the sovereign j^ower and\\nauthority which can rightfully be exercised by the executive of the Government\\nalone, acting through agents and officers exclusively devoted to the duties of\\ntheir respective offices, in favor of the agents of said monopoly, claiming to\\nact under the double capacity of agents for both the Government and said\\nmonopoly.\\nAnd whereas, the legitimate consequence of said abdication, by the Legis-\\nlative and Executive powers of the general Government, and the delegation of\\nthese jjowers to the said monopoly its agents aud officers, has been an almost\\ntotal suppression of trade and commerce with every jjortion of Alaska, so that\\nintercourse with the people and inhabitants of that territory is rendered diffi-\\ncult and expensive if not impossible the productions of the said territory have\\nbeen locked up, and the large commercial interests of the Pacific Coast, aud of\\nthis State in particular, suffer and decline, while the inhabitants of Alaska\\nhave been, by the action of the general Government, consigned to a species of\\nslavery for the term of twenty years they are thus held as prisoners, virtually\\nchained and manacled, without having committed any breach of the laws or\\nbeen found guilty of having committed any crimes. This is a violent usurpa-\\ntion of the sacred guarantees of the Constitution. The people of the United\\nStates have shed their best blood aud hampered themselves with debt, to give\\nfreedom to four millions of slaves. Now, by a strange coincidence, they find\\nthat they have paid over ;?7,000,000 for Alaska, one direct result of which has\\nbeen the enslavement of a portion of its inhabitants. Such a gross insult to\\nthe American spirit of liberty deserves to be blotted from the records of our\\nnational life which it has disgraced. In this age, when the watchword is the\\nUniversal Brotherhood of Man, when the Africans, the Chinese and other\\nnations, long held in servitude, are feeling the glorious impulses of freedom as\\nknown to the citizens of the American Ilepublic, is it not a shame and a crime\\nthat the foul spot of serfdom and slavery curses Alaska Surely the action of\\nCongress in legislating away the lives and liberty of the Alaskans to a soulless\\nmonopoly must arouse in the hearts of the American people a public sentiment\\nwhich will immediately anmal such a piece of barbarous legislation.\\nNow therefore, we, the undersigned, being personally cognizant of the\\nabove facts, and sincere in the deductions derived therefrom, would, in view\\nthereof, most respectfully petition your honorable bodies in joint convention,\\nby concurrent resolution, address the Congress of the United States, at its pres-", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "32\\nent session, petitioning that Honorable Body, in the interests of your memo-\\nrialists, and of the merchants, and traders, and commerce of San Francisco,\\nthe Pacific Coast and the entire nation, and in the interests of humanity and\\nprogress, of right and justice, and in vindication of the integrity of our insti-\\ntutions which denounce all efforts at the enthrallment of the people or any\\nportion thereof, to annul the said illegal and unconstitutional contract or lease\\nabove mentioned, and to open up Alaska to free and unrestricted commercial\\nintercourse, subject only to such wise and wholesome general regulations of\\ntrade as will act and be binding iipon all alike and, as a preliminary to such a\\nstep, praying that a Commission be appointed by Congress, at its present ses-\\nsion, to investigate the evils which attend the management of Alaskan affairs,\\nand the infractions of the terms of the said contract or lease by the said Alaska\\nCommercial Company, said commission to be composed in whole or in part of\\nmerchants of San Faancisco.\\nA. Crawford Co., Johnson, Nickerson Veasey, Lynde Hough, Mor-\\ngan Co., Thomas J. Foster, John H. Carmany Co., Sherwood, Buckley\\nCo., Thomas Burden, J. Sturtevant, J. Marks, S. Folpe, Thomas W. McCal-\\nlum, A. C. Nichols Co., H. Horst, Starr Little, James R Finlayson, D.\\nBeadle, Charles Hare, S. M. Holderness, David Shirpser, Sam. P. Holden, M.\\nJ. Kelly, Charles J. Jansou, Koyal Fisk, And. Welch, A. C. Piaud, Jacob Schrei-\\nber, \\\\V. A. Hughes, Wm. H. Bouse, J. M. Hixson, A. W. White Co., Hill,\\nSlopt Co., A. Pallies, J. H. Harn, James Cormack, Jr., W. J. Loury, C. F.\\nBassett, Adam Booth Co., S. Levy Co., J. Green, John Laws, Duff Co.,\\nLowry Wightman, Wm. Kibbe Benjamin, S. M. Henry Co., P. B. Smith,\\nH. F. Baker, Heywood Hendley, Dakin Libbev, Brous tt Perkins, Little-\\nfield, Webb Co., H. K. Cummings, A. A. Haseltme, J. W. Wolf, George E.\\nCole, J. Scott, James Eope, D. B. Stewart, C. McCann, K. D. Thilpoll, L. E.\\nNoowan, R. E. Haseltine, C. K. Jones, G. S. Rogers, John Bills, Wm. Chip-\\nman, Wm. Fullard, T. J. Parker, W. Bobbins, Geo. E. P. Hunt, Francis P.\\nDevine, B. H. Madison, Geo. W. Boyd, Wm. DeWitt, John C. Gunn, Henry\\nDneyer, Henry Anderson, L. S. Allen, George Charles Lester, H. Heine, John\\nMcPherson, E. D. Ehafon, G. D. Plato, John H. Druhe, 0. J. Preston, James\\nMcLoughlin, H. Applebee, Peter Muhelson, Thomas Bewick, and 300 others.\\nNow, wliat was the fate of this memorial? It was presented\\nto the California Legislature by Senator Perkins, on February\\n9th, 1872, and referred to the Committee on Federal Kelations.\\nGeneral Miller immediately interviewed this committee and pro-\\nnounced the statements set forth in said memorial as false, and\\nhis word outweighed the signatures of hundreds of the best citi-\\nzens of San Francisco, and said honest committee refused to\\nforward the memorial to Congress.\\nTHE RESULT OF THE LEASE.\\nFrom the day the lease was signed the doom of Alaska was\\nsealed. Baffled and cut off on all sides, the dismayed firms and\\nindividuals that followed their various pursuits in the country,\\nwere forced to withdraw one after another; the plans then under\\nconsideration were abandoned, and to-day there are hardly any\\nwhite men in the territory but the employees of the Alaska Com-\\nmercial Company.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "33\\nIt seems strange at the first glance, that the lease of two small\\nislands should stop the development of the whole immense terri-\\ntory, but it is not more so than that the possession of a narrow\\nthread of land through a country should give a railroad ring the\\npower to lord it over cities, counties, and States.\\nOn said two islands St. George and St. Paul the wealth is\\nheaped up on the beach in the form of millions of fur-seals,\\nworth from $10 to $20 each, and without exertion, the Alaska\\nCommercial Company makes here alone about $1,000,000 clear\\nprofit per year. (The dividends of the Alaska Commercial Com-\\npany for 1873 reached $1,300,000). Now, with such tremendous\\nriches at its command, it is an easy matter for this Company to\\ncrush any enterprise in the rest of the whole territory, which it\\nclaims as its own dominion, and where enough natural dangers\\nand difficulties await the trader, fisherman and explorer, without\\nthose prejiared for them by an overwhelming monopoly.\\nAs already the old tyrannical Eussian Comj)any correctly antici-\\npated that enterprise, discovery and development of the territory\\nwould interfere with their fur-trade, would attract the attention of\\noutsiders and would curtail their privileges, so has also the Alaska\\nCommercial Company made it its principle to exclude every body\\nbut itself from Alaska, and has therefore declared war against\\nevery thing that looks like enterprise, exploration, discovery, im-\\nmigration and development and as already explained, through\\nthe means of the tremendous wealth and other advantages, furn-\\nished to it by the lease of the fur-seal islands, has already suc-\\nceeded in making itself the master of the whole Territory.\\nTo give a striking proof how, since the advent of the Alaska\\nCommercial Company the trade with the Territory has almost\\nentirely ceased, we will give the lists of the vessels that cleared\\nfor Alaska during the months of February, March and April, re-\\nspectively, in 1869 and 1874.\\nGEEAT DIMINUTION OF TKADE.\\nWe will say, as an explanation, that the spring and early sum-\\nmer is the time when most ships sail for Alaska. They go up in\\nSpring and return in Fall, as during the Winter the coasts of\\nAlaska are the most dangerous localities in the world.\\n3", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "34\\nVESSELS CLEARED FOR ALASKA IN\\n1874.\\nFeb. 6. Frances Palmer, Janson.\\nFeb. 17. Wm. Suttou, Alaska Com. Co.\\nMar. 6. W. H. Stevens, ^/asfca Com.Co.\\nMar. 7. Schr. Urania, Shirpser.\\nMar. 18. Steamer Alexander, Alaska\\nCom. Co.\\nApr. 17. Schr. Eustace, Alaska Com.\\nCo.\\nApr. 18. Barque Cyaue, Alaska Com.\\n1869.\\nFeb, 3. Schr. Idaho, Hutchinson, Kohl\\nCo.\\nFeb. 7. Schr. Legal Tender, Alsop\\nCo.\\nFeb. 7. Barque Cyane, Pickett k Co.\\nFeb. 13. Stmr. John L. Stephens, Hol-\\nladay Brenham.\\nFeb. 16. Barque Frances Palmer, C.J.\\nJanson.\\nFeb. 24. Schr. Lewis Perry, Tilby.\\nFeb. 27. Barque Washington, N. Bi-\\nchard.\\nMar. 5. Steamer Alexander, Iluichin-\\nson, Kohl Co.\\nMar. 6. Schr. Luella, Malovansky.\\nMar. 7. Schr. Alaska, Lynde Hough.\\nMar. 7. Schr. General Harney, F. G.\\nE. Tittel.\\nMar. 10. Steamer Constantine, Hutch-\\ninson, Kohl Co.\\nMar, 10. SchrAlice, Malovansky Co.\\nMar. 11. Ship Cesarewich, Ice Co.\\nMar. 26. Schr. Lizzie Shea, Murdock.\\nMar. 26. Brig Victoria, Wright\\nBowne.\\nApr. 2. Schr. Page, Taylor Bendel.\\nApr. 7. BrigCommodore,Parrott Co.\\nApr. 17. Brig Olga, Ice Company.\\nApr. 18. Schr. T. L. Steele, Pioneer\\nAm. Fur Co.\\nApr. 18. Barque Peking, Ice Co.\\nApr. 18. Schr. Fanny, W. N. Shelby.\\nApr. 27. Schr. Lizzie, C. I. Janson.\\nApr. 27. Barque Atalanta, Pope Tal-\\nbot\\nThis list does not include the fishing vessels,\\nWe see that, while during the months of February, March\\nand April, as many as 24 vessels sailed for Alaska in 1869, of\\nwhich only 3 belonged to Hutchinson, Kohl Co., and 21 to\\nother parties. During the same n^onths in 1874 only 7 vessels\\ncleared for the territory, of which 5 belonged to the Alaska Com-\\nmercial Company, and only 2 to other firms, or 18 less than in\\n1869,\\nDo not these figures tell a serious tale Does it not prove that\\nwe can safely assert that the interest of the whole Pacific Coast\\nhas been injured by the lease; that the Alaska Commercial Com-\\npany has a monopoly over the whole Territory of Alaska, and\\nthat it has killed its trade", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "35\\nMost positively does it prove all this, and this state of affairs\\nhas long been feared and predicted by the Press, by the mer-\\nchants and by the general public of the Pacific Coast, as we have\\nalready circumstantially explained in the foregoing pages.\\nTHE COMMENTS OF THE PKESS.\\nWe will again quote a few of the many papers and authors, that\\nhave recognized the fact, and have discussed the matter.\\nIn a work entitled, Hidden Treasures, or Fishing Around\\nthe North-west Coast, a very able little work, by J. L. McDon-\\nald, we find the following:\\nThe villainous law, passed ostensibly for the protection of fur-bearing\\nanimals, should have been more justly entitled: An Act to Enslave the\\nPeople of Alaska, to Obstruct the Fisheries, and to Check the Development\\nof the Northwest Coast. By the terms of this Act the inhabitants of St.\\nPaul and St. George and the adjacent islands are strictly walled in, being for-\\nbidden any intercourse -with the rest of mankind; they are forced by neces-\\nsity to sell their products to the Company, and to receive such considerations\\nin return as this soulless monopoly may see fit to give. The obstructions\\nwhich the Fur Company has in former years thrown in the way of individual\\ntraders and fishermen iu those regions, are very well known. The subsidized\\nFederal ofiicers in the interests of the Company, have given much trouble to\\nprivate enterprises; several vessels have been seized on vpry flimsy pretexts,\\nand sent for trial to San Francisco. In every instance those vessels have been\\nliberated, and the masters and supercargoes exonerated by the courts. Voy-\\nages have thus been broken u]i, heavy losses have fallen upon humble adven-\\nturers, failures have followed, and peaceful commerce has been seriously\\nobstructed. Several suits for heavy damages are now pending in the courts\\non the North Pacific Coast, against the Revenue officers formerly serving on\\nthe coast of Alaska.\\nAnd again in the same book:\\nSincerely believing that the Fur Franchise in Alaska is obstructive to\\nthe development of the vast resources latent in those regions, subversive of\\nthe best interests of the people of that Territory, and embarassing to the\\ntraders and fishermen in and around those shores, we most earnestly ask\\nCongress to repeal that odious measure, and let justice be done though the\\nheavens fall.\\nThe Sacramento Reporter, July 8, 1870, says:\\nGradually this firm, or company, threw ofif all oloak, openly claimed a\\nmonopoly, and warred upon all traders.\\nFrom the Chicago Tribune, January 4, 1873, we take:\\nIt practically holds the same relation to Alaska that the old Russo-\\nAmericau did, and that the Hudson s Bay Company does to the adjoining Brit-\\nish Possessions. It has rivals iu the trade, but they are gradually disappear-", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "36\\ning under the treatment known in California as the little game of freeze-\\nout. The Company is reported very wealthy, and can afi ord to undersell and\\noverbuy its rivals, until they have to give up the losing game. It is accom-\\nmodating, even generous, when its own interests are not at stake. It discoun-\\ntenances everything which tends to the development of the country, such as\\nexploration, immigration, etc., because a settled Territory produces no furs.\\nIf a man is bound to go there, and it cannot help it, it is then full of accom-\\nmodation, and helps him all it can during his stay there, and hastens his\\ndeparture.\\nThis is an extract from an article by Mr. Harrington, Astrono-\\nmer in the United States Coast Survey, who had been a year in\\nAlaska.\\nBut of the greatest weight are the words of a distinguished\\nofficer of the United States Army, General Jefferson C. Davis,\\ncommanding the Department of Alaska. He says\\nSince the declaration of Congi ess. at its last session, of St. Paul and St.\\nGeorge s islands as special reservations of the Government, they have been\\nunder the control of oflQcers of the revenue service, sent there for the purpose\\nof executing the laws prohibiting the landing at or kilKng of fur-seals upon\\nthem. During my official visit there, in the beginning of the present summer,\\nand whilst engaged in in investigating the affairs of the natives, as well as the\\nmanner in which the troops had performed their duties, I learned that, under\\none pretext and another, privileged parties had been permitted to land and\\nremain on those reservations, and had been allowed to kill the animals at pleas-\\nure. During last summer at least 85,000 seals were killed on the two islands\\nprobably more than that number. The pretexts under which this was author-\\nized was that of enabling the natives to subsist themselves without expense to\\nthe Government. In an economical point of view this would seem quite right\\nbut the facts are that the natives are cooped upon these islands, where they are\\ncompelled to work for those private parties or starve in other words, they are\\nto-day in a complete state of slavery. Competition in trade has been universally\\nestablished, and is now pretty well understood by the natives and traders\\nthroughout the country wherever the former can paddle his canoe, or the\\nlatter penetrate with his goods, such is the case. TTiese isolated islands of .S\\nPaul and St. George in Behring Sea, the richest possessions in natural wealth, con-\\nsidering their small area on the continent, form the only exceptions. The natives\\nare peaceful, honest, and capable of transacting ordinary business quite well,\\nand would doubtless improve themselves if they had a fair chance, but their\\npresent complete enslavement and robbery, by an unscrupulous ring of speculators,\\nwill ever prevent such progress. Eeport of Brevet Maj. Gen. Commanding De-\\npartment of Alaska, to Secretary of War, August 20, 1870.\\nCONCEALING THE TEUE VALUE OF ALASKA TERRn:ORY.\\nIn order to stifle the interest that the public took in Alaska,\\nand to prevent, as much as possible, that the same should be\\nmade the object of American enterprise, the Alaska Commercial\\nCo. has always been very anxious to have Alaska represented as\\na very undesirable and inhospitable country, without charms of", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "37\\nany kind, and its fur-trade as throwing off but a limited profit\\nexhibiting in this respect again the same spirit as the old Russian\\ncompany.\\nThe Government officials, who in various capacities were sent\\nout from time to time to Alaska, and who were generally won\\nover to private interest, before they even left San Francisco or\\nWashington, gave therefore always the most unfavorable account\\nof the country while men, whose honor and integrity cannot be\\ndoubted, re^Dresent the country as it is, so far as they know it\\nsuch men are Secretary Seward, Professor Davidson of scientific\\nfame. General Jefferson C. Davis, former Military Governor of\\nAlaska, Vincent Colyer, and Dr. W. H. Dall of the United States\\nCoast Survey.\\nAll these distinguished persons speak of the astonishing mild-\\nness of climate of certain portions of Alaska, of the rankness and\\nluxuriousness of the vegetation, of the density and extension of\\nthe timber lands, of the indications of minerals, of the magni-\\ntude of the fur trade, and of the incredible abundance of aquatic\\nlife.\\nREPORT OF HENRY W. ELLIOTT.\\nThe last official report, submitted to the Government, is that\\nof Mr, Henry W. Elliott, Special Agent of the Treasury Depart-\\nment, which, we are sorry to say, is in direct contradiction to the\\nstatements made by such persons as we have just named. Mr.\\nElliott has publicly claimed, this winter at Washington, that he\\nknows more about Alaska tlian any one person, that he had been\\nin the Territory before the transfer to the United States, and\\nmany years since, and that he is the only person qualified to judge\\nwhat that country needs. Let us see what right Mr. Elliott has\\nto these claims\\nDuring the year 1865 Mr. Elliott, then an employee of the tel-\\negraph company that attempted to establish a line from America\\nto Europe via Siberia, was stationed at Puget Sound, about eight\\nhundred miles from the Southern boundary of Alaska, and never\\napproached it nearer than that until the year 1872, when it had\\nbeen five years American territory.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "On the strength of this, Mr. Elliott asserts that he has been in\\nAlaska before the American advent. We will now show what\\nexperience he has had in the country since\\nMr. Elliott went first to Alaska in the Spring of 1872 in a sub-\\nordinate position, being assistant to Captain Bryant, who was\\nthen the Government agent on St. Paul, the largest of the fur-\\nseal islands where he, Mr. Elliott, married a native girl. Mr.\\nElliott remained on the island about one year, returning in 1873,\\nwithout having seen anything of the rest of the immense terri-\\ntory, except the little Aleut-village Illiuliuk on Ounalaska island,\\nwhere he touched on his way up and down. After his arrival at\\nWashington he published a work on the habits of the fur-seals,\\nand made himself conspicuous by preferring charges against\\nCaptain Bryant, who, by the way, had proved himself not very\\npliable in the hands of the Alaska Commercial Co., and conse-\\nquently was anything but popular with them.\\nWith a strong breeze of powerful influence, we now see Mr.\\nElliott sailing into a position specially created for him, and for\\nwhich an appropriation is set aside by Congress. He was appointed\\na Special Agent of the Government to investigate the resources\\nof the fur-trade, and the condition of the natives of Alaska, and\\nlast May he set sail in the revenue cutter Reliai%ce, which had\\nbeen placed at his service for this purpose.\\nMr. Elliott proceeded first to Sitka, on Baranof Island, thence\\nto Ounalaska Island, thence to the two fur-seal islands St.\\nGeorge and St. Paul, thence to St. Matthews and lastly to St.\\nLawrence Island, staying only a few days at each place, and re-\\nturning via Ounalaska to San Francisco, where he arrived again\\nin September. That is to say Mr. Elliott having landed on six\\nof the countless islands of Alaska, and having never set a foot\\non or even been in sight of the main land, has now submitted a\\ncircumstantial report on the Territory to the Government.\\nIf we bear in mind that Alaska has as much area as one quar-\\nter of the whole United States, and a coast line of 10,000 miles;\\nthat it is fringed by thousands of islands, and that it is inhabited\\nby hundreds of tribes of aborigines, belonging to three distinct\\nstocks of men, and speaking many different languages, it becomes", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "39\\nplaiu that it requires years of travel, exploring and study to be-\\ncome acquainted with the subject upon which Mr. Elliott has\\nreported, after a few months pleasure-cruise in the North-Pacific\\nand the Behring Sea; after having landed on said six islands, and\\nafter having seen a few hundred Aleuts of the three thousand\\ncivilized and the fifty thousand savage inhabitants of Alaska.\\nMr. Elliott s report is now just such as the Alaska Commercial\\nCompany desires, and might be mistaken for a statement written\\nby a member of that Company.\\nELLIOTT S RECOMMENDATION IN FAVOE OF THE ALASKA\\nCOMMEECIAL COMPANY.\\nMr. Elliott very minutely describes scenes and people which\\nhe has never approached within five hundred or more miles,\\nand represents the whole Territory a desolate and barren mass of\\nbasaltic rock; where no white man, not even the hardy Icelander,\\nwould live without being forced. He says the climate is fearful,\\nand that no vegetable, not even the potato, will flourish under\\nits frowning sky; that all its resources, the timber, the fisheries,\\nand even the fur trade are vastly overrated, and that there is but\\none praiseworthy institution in the whole country, and that is the\\nAlaska Commercial Company.\\nHe is of the opinion that in order to give this poor but honest\\nCompany a chance to make a little money, and the seals getting\\ntoo thick on the Islands anyhow, the former should be allowed\\nto take 150,000 skins instead of 100,000, as stipulated by the\\nlease; while he also gently hints at his own merits in bringing\\nthese facts to the cognizance of the Government.\\nThe aim and purpose of such arguments are too transparent to\\nneed comment, and although we have no doubt that it does not\\npay for Mr. Elliott to have any difierent views, yet we are sur-\\nprised to find him so little shrewd as to come out with such un-\\ndisguised and clumsy praise of the Alaska Commercial Company,\\nwhich lets at once the cat out of the bag.\\nBut we must admit that we admire Mr. Elliott s cheek, not\\nonly in asserting that he knows more of Alaska than any one", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "40\\nman, but in submitting to the Government a report, so weak and\\nabsurd, and so full of mistakes and misstatements, that we can-\\nnot acceiDt them all as having been made through his ignorance\\nof the country.\\nWe should have thought that Mr. Elliott would have posted\\nhimself a little on the subject that he was going to report upon,\\nby reading the excellent books that have been published on\\nAlaska, and avoid such blunders as will neither do him or the\\nAlaska Commercial Company any good.\\nConsidering that the Government has the very best means to\\nget reliable information about Alaska, and could, for instance,\\nutilize the experience of Dr. W. H. Dall, (who, since 1865, has\\nbeen nearly every year in the Territory surveying and exploring),\\nand still persistently selects men of little experience to get its\\nadvice and information from, the question naturally suggests\\nitself: Are really correct and true statements and reports in\\nregard to Alaska wanted, or only such as will serve certain pur-\\ni?\\nA CUESORY DESCRIPTION OF THE RESOURCES OF ALASKA.\\nOf course we must abstain from giving a description of such a\\nTerritory as Alaska, which covers an area larger than the Terri-\\ntories of California, Oregon, Nevada, Utah and Arizona together,\\nbut a few statements in regard to its climate, etc., will perhaps\\nnot be lost.\\nThe climate of Alaska, (excepting that portion which lies within\\nthe Arctic circle, and especially that bordering on the North Pa-\\ncific Ocean, is varying, according to latitude and local geograph-\\nical conditions, equal to that of North Germany, Scotland and\\nScandinavia. This country is traversed by large navigable rivers,\\nwith many tributaries, has beautiful forests, and millions of acres\\nadapted to agriculture and grazing, and when we mention that\\nduring the Summer the plains and valleys are waving breast\\nhigh with grass and rank vegetation, while the air is laden with\\nthe fragrance of the wild flowers; nothing more need to be said\\nof its fertility. Game of all kinds is abundant everywhere. On\\nthe Aliaska Peninsula herds of reindeer are found at all seasons", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "M\\nof the year, and the fisheries are not insignificant, as Mr. Elliott\\nthinks, but immense, for the codfish abounds everywhere on the\\ncoast; large schools of herring fill the bays, and the dense masses\\nof salmon that during the running season, crowd up even the\\nsmallest stream, must be seen to be appreciated. As a matter of\\ncourse, a rough winter follows the delightful Summer, but along\\nthe coast the former is tempered by the influence of warm cur-\\nrents of the sea, that here course along the American Continent.\\nThere is not any doiibt that rye, barley and oats, as well as all\\nkinds of vegetables can be raised there as easily as in Northern\\nEurope or the State of Maine, and that for stock-raising the\\ncountry is particularly well adapted.\\nTo show that the potato will grow very well in Alaska, con-\\ntrary to Mr. Elliott s statements, we will illustrate by examples:\\nDuiing 1868 and 1869, a man by the name of Doyle used to sup-\\nply the town of Sitka with green peas, string beans, and all other\\nkinds of vegetables, which he raised on a small island in the\\nharbor; the same were also grown in the militarj- garden at that\\nplace. The Russians always raised their own vegetables, includ-\\ning cabbage. The same man, Doyle, raised small quantities of\\nbarley and wheat, as an experiment, at Kinai, which grew up\\nrank and tall, filled well and ripened completely. At Kodiac,\\nand on the Aleutian Islands, the vegetables gi ow enormously\\nlarge, though their flavor is a little coarse, and even at Northern\\nSt. Michael, in latitude 64, turnips and potatoes for the use of\\nthe fort are successfully raised.\\nBut it is especially cod-fishing, the canning, smoking and salt-\\ning of salmon, lumbering, ship-building, mining and the fur-\\ntrade, that will bring people to Alaska and will induce capitalists\\nto invest their money in it, and if the lease should be abolished and\\nfree competition opened once more, there would soon spring up\\nan era of enterprise and activity throughout the Territory, which\\nwould surpass that of any former epoch, and ten ships would sail\\nfor our beautiful Northern Empire for every one that now shapes\\nits lonely course to its deserted coasts.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "42\\nTHE REMEDY.\\nAnd now we ask, how long is this burning shame of leasing\\ncivilized Creoles, and of granting monopolies to continue, in open\\nviolation of the Constitution? how long shall this immense terri-\\ntory, that belongs to the people and not to President Grant, nor\\nto the Alaska Commercial Company, be practically the property\\nof a few wealthy individuals, and how long shall we be obliged\\nto bow our heads with shame before the more liberal nations of\\nEurope, that have abolished slavery, monopolies, and royalties of\\ntrade?\\nThe history of the wrongs of Alaska, which the foregoing pages\\ncontain, and which we submit to the public, although it is neces-\\nsarily brief and incomplete, is a true and just statement of these\\nevents. It has not been written with a view of injuring person-\\nally the members of the Alaska Commercial Co., but simply to\\nexpose the unconstitutionality and the injustice of the Alaska\\nbusiness and as said company is so deeply implicated in it, and\\nhas been the direct cause of all this wrong and misrule, we had\\nto strike at it with all our might.\\nStill we did forbear to give many examples and statements of\\ncases of cruelty and oppression, and other condemnable actions,\\nwhich would implicate personally members and employees of\\nsaid company, but we will not hesitate to give them publicity if\\nthis cause demands it.\\nAs Congress has reserved, in the bill -in regard to this lease,\\nthe power to repeal the same at its pleasure, and as this lease has\\nalready been violated and fully forfeited, especially by killing\\nmore seals than are therein stipulated (only the best skins being\\nshipped, and the rest rejected and thrown into the sea), we have\\nno doubt that the first Congress of the United States, to which\\nthis matter will be presented in the projDer light, will at last do\\njustice to all will abolish the lease, and adopt a plan in regard\\nto Alaska similar to that proposed by the Chamber of Commerce\\nof San Francisco several years ago, a plan that would make of\\nAlaska what it was originally intended to be\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a vast tributary to\\nthe wealth of our nation.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "43\\nAnd once more before we close, we call upon the people and\\nthe press of America, in the name of humanity, patriotism, and\\nthe public interest, to use all their influence to have a law\\nrepealed that does injustice to thousands of citizens, that has\\nkilled a large portion of the trade and enterprise of the Pacific\\nCoast, and that has delivered into bondage whole communities of\\ncivilized human beings, that feel their situation deeply, and are\\ncapable of drawing up such touching petitions as we have given.\\nPublished by Order of the Anti-Monopoly Association of the\\nPacific Coast.\\nCHAS. LEEGE, Secretary.\\nOommunications must be addressed to P. O. Box No. 218.", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "Ill\\n017 297 762 5\\nAiovl:", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "017 297 762 5\\nCnnai^rvatlnwt Oti", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "mil. nil mil nil Jill mil nil in iiiiiiiiliilllllll\\n017 297 762 5 I\\nConservation Resources\\nLie-Free\u00c2\u00ae Type I\\nPh 8.5, Buffered", "height": "3157", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "historyofwrongso00anti_0050.jp2"}}