{"1": {"fulltext": "tm**il***mmimniiiinmmam\\nmmmmtm^\\nI\\nljRfVMMMfHMMnlM^flilMiMiM*ili\u00c2\u00abMMvi|iiU\\nR 1\\nCHRISTIAN\\n?A\\nvi Li 1.4 W La\\nExp 8 stt II\\nIHBHHn9HipM****P*MB BMi\\nSiti\\nft\\n^nMHMHMHHH!", "height": "5304", "width": "3351", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Library of congress.\\nChap, Copyright No...\\nShelt..i\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA,", "height": "5139", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5137", "width": "3243", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5141", "width": "3373", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5193", "width": "3215", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "ft*\\nUJ\\n-J\\ntu\\nX\\nOQ\\nQ\\nUJ\\nH\\nr^\\nw\\nU\\nOd\\nhn\\nH\\nC3\\nOu\\n-J\\nc\\nC3\\n_u\\nJ\\noT\\nCi\\nu-\\nu\\nO\\nCu\\nH\\nO\\nC/3\\no\\nCju\\n;z\\nQ\\nO\\nin\\nUJ\\n_J\\nc\u00c2\u00a3\\nH\\nO\\nU\\nu-s\\n5T\\no\\nO\\n55\\nCju\\no\\nX\\nc-\\n0*\\nO\\nO\\nH\\nO\\nX\\nCU", "height": "5167", "width": "3329", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "Christian Science\\nAn Exposition of Mrs. Eddy s Wonderful Discov-\\nery, including its Legal Aspects\\nA Plea for Children and other\\nHelpless Sick\\nBV\\nWILLIAM A. PURRINGTON\\nLecturer in the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College y and\\nin the New York College of Dentistry upon Law in Relation\\nto Medical Practice, one of the Authors of\\nA System of Legal Medicine\\nNEW YORK\\nE B. TREAT COMPANY\\n241-243 West 230 Street\\n1900", "height": "5179", "width": "3249", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0009.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Tg\\nu Christian Science demonstrates that the patient who pays whatever he\\nis able to pay for being healed is more apt to recover than he who with-\\nholds a slight equivalent for health.\\nFrom Preface to Miscellaneous Writings of Mrs. Eddy.\\nTWO COPIES RECEIVED,\\nLibrary af Conge$#%\\nOfffc* of tN\\nm 2- 1900\\nRegUter of Copyrights\\n53793\\nCopyright\\nBy E. B. Treat Co\\n1900\\nSECOND COPY,", "height": "5173", "width": "3332", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0010.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nIt has seemed worth while to collect these papers,\\nexpounding the dangerous teachings of our latter-day\\ndelusion, Christian Science, and the theory and limita-\\ntions of medical legislation, if only for the sake of\\nchildren and helpless adults. Thanks are due to the\\nProprietor and Editors of the North American Review\\nfor permission to reprint the articles written for that\\nperiodical at the instance of my friend David A.\\nMunro, Esq., and to the publisher and editor of the\\nMedical Record, and the New York Sun for the use\\nof the matter copyrighted by them. They have\\nproved less tenacious of their copyrights than is the\\ndiscoverer of Christian Science of hers.\\nThe papers have not been altered from their origi-\\nnal form in order to avoid in the bound volume\\nrepetitions due to treating the same subject before\\ndifferent audiences. When line upon line and precept\\nupon precept are needed repetitions are not vain.\\nFour of these papers deal with the exposition of\\nMrs. Eddy s teachings, her own account of herself and\\nthe status of her cult before the law. Another treats\\nof the educational effect and policy of medical legisla-\\ntion, and the last shows how by enforcement of medical\\nlaws not consonant with public opinion the apothecary\\nin England became a general practitioner of medicine.\\nThe best proof that the articles in the Worth Ameri-\\ncan Review are fair expositions of Mrs. Eddy s biogra-\\nphy and teachings is that their accuracy has not been\\ndenied, so far as their author knows. How could it\\nbe when they consist for the most part of her own\\nwords quoted by book and page so that error might\\n3", "height": "5177", "width": "3244", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0011.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "4 CHBISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nbe easily corrected? No willful misstatement has\\nbeen made, and none, it is believed, unwittingly. The\\npatient reader w r ill see that there is here no denial,\\nbut rather explicit and repeated admissions of the ex-\\ntraordinary influence of suggestion, expectant atten-\\ntion and mental excitation however caused upon the\\nbody. It is not denied that hysterical patients, the\\nmorbidly introspective, the worriers, the malades im-\\naginaires, the victims of obscure nervous ailments\\nhave been helped by Faith Cure, Christian Science,\\nMental Healing, Mesmerism, Hypnotism, Vitapathy,\\nand the like. But it is denied that every post hoc is a\\npropter hoc, and that because, for instance, asthma,\\nwhich often yields to a change of residence, or wears\\nout by lapse of time, and childbirth, a normal func-\\ntion, sometimes run successful courses under such\\nmethods, therefore gross ignorance and presumption\\nare to be substituted without restraint or liability in\\ndaily life for demonstrably efficient skill and science.\\nWe know that a surgeon can staunch the gush of\\nblood from a severed artery, that the physician has\\nsweet oblivious antidotes for pain, and, if called in\\ntime, can, often counteract the deadly work of poison.\\nEddyism cannot do these things. Will Mrs. Eddy or\\nany of her disciples venture by personal experiment\\nunder test conditions to prove that Christian Science\\ncan counteract by its arguments the effects of mor-\\nphine, atropine or strychnine\\nWhat must be obvious to any one who will think\\nbut a moment is that suggestion, expectant attention\\nand such mental stimuli cannot operate upon babies\\ns tkey do upon adults and accordingly, as one would", "height": "5158", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0012.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PEEFACE. 5\\nnaturally expect, we find some of the most horrible\\ninstances of criminal wickedness on the part of Chris-\\ntian Scientists, Peculiar People and like faddist in\\ntheir treatment of children. One object lesson is\\nworth a wilderness of words, and the photograph\\nprefixed to these papers is a volume in itself. I am\\nindebted for its use to Charles H. Tag, M. D., of\\nBrooklyn. The case, referred to on page 113, was\\none of gangrene of the left foot of a child twelve years\\nold the lower ends of tibia and fibula being exposed\\nand the foot attached to the leg only by the internal\\nlateral ligaments of the ankle. Physicians advised am-\\nputation but an ignorant woman was called in who\\nguaranteed by prayers, passes and salves to effect a\\ncure. She professed belief in Christian Science and\\nmental treatment, but also in the efficacy of remedies,\\nthe use of which made her conviction possible under\\nthe law of New York. She was not a strict Eddyite,\\nbut had a system and book of her own. Eventually\\namputation was performed by Dr. Blaisdell assisted\\nby Drs. Tag and Caffrey. The operation was success-\\nful and the child is now in good health. Is it not\\nhorrible to think of cases of this sort, of contagious\\ndiseases, of severed arteries and fractured limbs falling\\ninto the hands of ignorant and audacious Scientists\\neven when patients are conscious and willing to accept\\nthe treatment? How much worse it is when the\\npatients are little children or unconscious adults\\nwhose lives are put by misguided kin or friends into\\nthe deadly keeping of those who lightly and boldly\\nassume with ignorance, what the learned attempt\\nwith care and misgiving.", "height": "5179", "width": "3173", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "6 CHKISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nThe questions submitted to Mr. Carol Norton as set\\nout in the appendix remain unanswered by him.\\nThey are the crux of Eddyism. Would Mrs. Eddy\\ntreat her own severed artery by arguing with it like\\na congressman? Would Mr. Norton discuss a fish-\\nbone out of a child s throat If not, who will deny\\nthat the pretensions of the cult are humbug and sham\\nof the commonest, wickedest sort\\nIt is by no means asserted that the disciples of Mrs.\\nEddy are ignorant or unintelligent. On the contrary\\ntheir sincerity is willingly admitted, as well as that\\namong them are persons of unusual intelligence. But\\npersons of intelligence and honesty, ever since the\\nworld began, have been deluded in amazing fashions\\nby vulgar and ignorant impostors in religion, medicine\\nand finance. Hope tells its flattering tale to rich and\\npoor, wise and foolish. All conditions of men blindly\\nfollow false beacons of health and wealth, set for them\\nby fanaticism, greed and cunning. Fortunate are they\\nwho find the true light before shipwreck.\\nIf this exposition turns one Ephraim from his idols\\nif it saves one child, one woman in peril of childbirth,\\none strong man in delirium from unnecessary suffering\\nand death at the hands of the ignorant and criminally\\nreckless, it will not have been written in vain. And\\nbecause it may happen that some reader might wish\\nto find again a droll absurdity of Christian Science s\\ndiscoverer wherewith to confound him who accepts\\nMrs. Eddy s teaching on faith without knowledge, a\\nsufficiently copious index has been made, and a table\\ngiven of the cases cited from law reports.\\nW. A, PUKKINGTON,\\njg Wall Street, New York City,\\nPecctqber Jith x j8gq,", "height": "5178", "width": "3338", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Contents\\nCHAPTER PAGE\\nTable of Cases Cited 10\\nI. Christian Science and its Legal Aspects 1 1\\nII. The Case Against Christian Science 37\\nIII. Manslaughter, Christian Science and the Law 69\\nIV. Christian Science before the Law 91\\nV. How Far can Legislation Aid in Maintaining a Proper Stand-\\nard of Medical Education 123\\nVI. The Evolution of the Apothecary 145\\nAPPENDIX\\nA. The Claims of Christian Science 165\\nB. Christian Science and the Law 175\\nIndex 183\\nILLUSTRATIONS\\nPhotograph of child treated by incantations and salves Frontispiece\\nCopy of Charter of Massachusetts Metaphysical College 8", "height": "5179", "width": "3092", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5213", "width": "3357", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Table of Reported Cases Cited in this Book\\nApothecaries Co. v. Nottingham, 34 L. T. R\\n(N. S.) 76\\nApothecaries Co. v. Lottinga, 2 M. R. 500\\n11 Harrison, 67 L. T\\nPAGES\\n232\\nCollege\\n757\\n148\\nAttorney-General ex rel. Apoth. Co. v\\nof Physicians, 30 L. J. (N. S.) Ch.\\nBailey v. Mogg, 4 Den. 60\\nBibber v. Simpson, 59 Me. 181\\nCommonwealth vs. Thomson, 6 Mass. 134\\nCorsi v. Maretzek, 4 E. D. Smith 1\\nDavison v. Bohlman, 37 Mo. App. 576\\nDent v. U. S., 129 U. S. 114\\nEastman v. State, 6 Ohio, Dec. 296\\nEastman v. People, 71 111. App. 236\\nEastman v. State, 10 N. E. Rep. 97\\nHandey v. Henson, 4 C. P. 110\\nMarsh v. Davison, 9 Paige 580\\nMorgan v. Hallen, 8 Ad. El. 119\\nMormon Case, (Reynolds v. U. S.)\\nNelson v. Harrington, 72 Wis. 591\\nPierce v. Commonwealth, 138 Mass. 165\\nPeople v. Phippin, 70 Mich. 6\\nRegina v. Wagstaffe, 10 Cox. Cr. Cas. 530\\n44 Senior, L. T. L. J.; Dec. 17, 1898\\nRice v. State, 8 Mo. 561\\nRex v. Long, 4 C. P. 398\\nRevnolds v. U. S., 98 U. S. 145\\nRose v. College of Physicians, 3 Salk 17 6 Mod\\n44 5 Bro. Pari 553. 133, 152, 154, 155\\nSmith v. Lane, 24 Hnn. 632 79, 106, 110, 153, 177\\nState v. Buswell, 40 Neb. 158 82\\nMylod, 49 Atl. 753 16,84,85,116\\nSchulz, 55 Iowa 628 75\\nToune v. Lady Gresley, 3 C. P. 581 155\\n10\\n154\\n-159\\n160\\n160\\n158\\n75\\n81\\n31,71,112\\n134\\n81\\n14\\n81\\n82\\n80\\n155\\n74\\n155\\n30,86,173\\n81\\n31,76\\n81\\n87\\n88\\n74\\n31, 88\\n30,86", "height": "5197", "width": "3053", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5194", "width": "3389", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Christian Science.\\nCHEISTIAIST SCIENCE AND ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 1\\nIt is asked if existing laws impose any restraint\\nupon treatment of the sick by soi-disant Christian\\nScientists, and if further legislation in that regard is\\ndesirable.\\nMere charlatanism, unrelated to the general wel-\\nfare, is not a proper subject for legislation, but quack-\\nery imperilling the public health is. Whether\\nChristian Science falls within either category, every\\nintelligent reader will readily determine when aware\\nof its pretences charlatanism being false pretension\\nto knowledge, skill, power or achievement, and every\\none being a charlatan who falsely advertises himself\\nas achieving greater results than his fellows, whether\\nhe be a medical man boasting of mysterious and im-\\npossible cures, a religious teacher preaching what he\\ndoes not believe, or a lawyer proclaiming achieve-\\nments that he has not accomplished or insuring re-\\nsults beyond his power. The term is not used offen-\\nsively, nor with any desire to impute insincerity to\\nhonest believers in this new cult.\\n1 From the North American Review March 1899.\\n11", "height": "5175", "width": "3235", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 CHKISTIAN SCIEKCE.\\nTo answer the questions propounded, we must\\nclearly understand, (1) the true purpose and proper\\nscope of legislative control over medical practice and\\nmatters affecting the public health (2) the methods\\ntaught and adopted for the treatment of the sick by\\nChristian Scientists; (3) the status of these people\\nunder existing law.\\nFor the argument s sake let these concessions be\\nmade at the outset (1) mental stimulus exercises,\\nand has been always known to exercise, enormous in-\\nfluence over the body, whether incited by such slight\\ncauses as a harmless, necessary cat, or woollen bag-\\npipe, or by such powerful emotions as hope, fear or\\nfaith; and not only malades imaginaires, but sick\\npersons, especially those afflicted with hysterical dis-\\norders, have been and will be restored to normal\\nhealth by such stimulus (2) the wisest physicians, as\\nthey will be first to admit, not having yet attained\\nthe limits of medical or psychical knowledge, are\\nfallible, and often make errors of diagnosis (3) the\\nvis medicatrix naturae is great, and, if there should\\nbe called to the treatment of a sick man two ignorant\\nand incompetent persons, one a gloomy believer in dos-\\ning by rule, the other merely a cheerful prophet, the\\nlatter would be, probably, the more helpful, or at least\\nthe less dangerous (4) Socrates, Galileo, Jenner and\\nmany other persons met with opposition in promulgat-\\ning truth, just as Simon, the sorcerer, Jack Cade,\\nCagliostro and other impostors eventually came to\\ngrief in their propaganda of lies.\\nThese concessions are made because, in the writer s\\nexperience, no charlatan or enthusiast has yet appeared", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 13\\nbefore a legislative committee to plead for the substi-\\ntution of ignorance in place of medical learning, whose\\nargument has not been, in substance, this There are\\nmysterious powers not possessed or fully understood\\nby physicians, who frequently make grave mistakes\\ncures often follow the ministrations of clairvoyants,\\nmediums, mind and faith curers new truth is always\\nopposed; therefore, medical practice should be un-\\ntrammelled, and every one, regardless of character,\\nintelligence, education or training, should be permitted\\nto engage in the business of treating the sick for hire.\\nA postulate must also be laid down, and he who denies\\nit need read no further the acceptance of new doc-\\ntrines, or of old ideas revamped, by a large number of\\npersons, of whom some may be very intelligent, is not\\nof itself sufficient reason for general acceptance of\\nsuch doctrines or ideas, or for toleration of practices\\nfounded upon them especially if the former be con-\\ntrary to ordinary experience and observation, and the\\nlatter be injurious to the public health, morals or\\nsafety. It was happily said by Dr. Oliver Wendell\\nHolmes, of Bishop Berkeley s belief in tar water as a\\nspecific for pretty nearly all the ills of man, that it\\nexhibits the entire insufficiency of exalted wisdom,\\nimmaculate honesty, and vast general acquirements to\\nmake a good physician of a great bishop while, of\\nBerkeley himself, the wise and witty Doctor said\\nHe was an illustrious man, but he held two very odd\\nopinions that tar water was everything and that the\\nmaterial universe was nothing.\\nPublic health laws, including therein statutes regu-\\nlating medical practice, should be and are framed", "height": "5179", "width": "3239", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nsolely to protect the public, by providing against such\\nharmful practices as adulterations of food and drugs,\\nthe spread of contagious diseases, maintenance of un-\\nsanitary conditions and medical treatment of the sick\\nby unqualified persons. That the state may constitu-\\ntionally and justly exercise its police power to protect\\nhealth is by adjudication established beyond cavil, and\\nby common consent so thoroughly accepted that if a\\npest-house or open cess-pool were established near the\\nresidence of the founder of Christian Science, she\\nwould doubtless apply, successfully, to the Courts or\\nthe Health Board to abate the nuisance, notwithstand-\\ning her teaching that a calm Christian state of mind\\nis a better preventive of contagion than a drug, or any\\npossible sanative method. l The justification of med-\\nical licensing laws is that the overwhelming majority\\nof sensible men, at all times, have believed that knowl-\\nedge and training are essential to qualify a man to\\ncope with disease and, for this reason, the highest\\ncourts of many States and the Supreme Court of the\\nUnited States, in Dent s case, 2 have affirmed the con-\\nstitutional power of a State to enact laws forbidding\\nunqualified persons to practice medicine, and establish-\\ning general tests of such qualification.\\nThis is not the occasion to review the Medical Acts\\nof the several States. It is enough to say that none\\nof them prohibits or prescribes any special system of\\ntherapeutics or practice. To do that would block\\n1 Misc. Works, p. 229. Where in these foot notes only a page is cited\\nthe reference is to Science and Healthy with Key to the Scriptures the\\ntext-book of the cult, edition of 1887.\\n2 Dent v. West Virginia, 129 U. S. 114.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 15\\nscientific progress and discourage investigation. It is\\nnot for legislatures to say how either bodies or souls\\nshall be cured, to enact pharmacopoeias into statutes\\nor crystallize theories, medical or religious, into law.\\nBut it is entirely right and proper for them to declare\\nthat no man shall enter upon the business of treating\\nthe sick until he is of full age and has shown, upon\\nexamination, that he has studied for a prescribed time,\\nand acquired competent knowledge of those branches\\nof true science, familiarity with which is, by universal\\nconsent, necessary to equip one into whose hands life\\nand health are to be committed physiology, anatomy,\\nsurgery, obstetrics, hygiene, chemistry, pathology, di-\\nagnosis. The licensed medical practitioner may act\\nin any case upon any theory of therapeutics commend-\\ning itself to his judgment allopathy if there be such\\na theory homeopathy, hydropathy, electropathy, vi-\\ntapathy, venopathy, osteopathy, Baunscheidtismus,\\nmagnetic healing, the Christian Science of Mrs. Eddy,\\nthe pagan science of the Yoodoo Queen, or a general\\nEclecticism.\\nIn short, the law aims, and should aim, to require,\\nas the only prerequisite of a medical license, satisfac-\\ntory proof that the candidate is of good character and\\naverage equipment through study and training. In\\nNew York, for example, there are three Boards of\\nMedical Examiners, representing the regular practi-\\ntioners, and the Homeopathic and Eclectic Schools.\\nExaminations are uniform in physiology, anatomy, and\\nall the other branches of science above enumerated,\\nwherein there is no medical schism. In therapeutics,\\nwhere opinions diverge, candidates for license may de-", "height": "5177", "width": "3232", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16 CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE.\\nmand examination according to their schools. Rhode\\nIsland s Supreme Court said lately, in Mylod s case, 1\\nby way of reductio ad absurdum, that Christian Scien-\\ntists, were they held to be practitioners of medicine,\\nwould be entitled under the constitution of that State\\nto a separate Board of Examiners offering this as one\\nargument for not holding them to be such practition-\\ners. But whv should not Christian Scientists, who\\n%j 7\\nmake a business of attempting to cure the sick, be re-\\nquired to submit to examination in general medical\\nscience, quite as much as homeopaths from whose loins\\nthey have sprung going, as do candidates from other\\nschools, before their own board in therapeutics It\\nis said that they give no drugs, but they must and do\\nmake diagnosis, 2 and their Mother says that they\\noften give medicine. 3 Is it unreasonable to infer that\\ntheir actual objections to being classed as medical\\npractitioners subject to license are (1) that to pre-\\npare for examination requires years of study in real\\nscience (2) that no one with a fair knowledge of the\\nhuman economy, and equipped to practice medicine\\n1 State v. Mylod, 40 Atl. 753. See the paper Christian Science before\\nthe Law, p. 91.\\n2 Although Christian Scientists deny, in order to escape prosecution un-\\nder medical laws, that they make diagnosis of disease, yet upon their own\\ntheory they must do so for their teacher bids them mentally to address by\\nname the disease to be treated, and argue with it. They sometimes call\\ndiagnosis discernment, and Mrs. Eddy says of herself, I have dis-\\ncerned disease in the human mind, and recognized the patient s fear of it\\nmany weeks before the so-called disease made its appearance in the body.\\nam never mistaken in my scientific diagnosis of disease (P.\\n194.)\\n3 Departing from my instruction, many learners commend diet and\\nhygiene. They even administer medicine for certain diseases^ thinking\\nthereby to initiate the cure which they think to complete with mind\\n(p- 376.)", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 17\\nintelligently, would adopt the vagaries of their pseudo\\nscience\\nSuch being the purpose and proper scope of medical\\nlaws, the second inquiry is, What is so-called Chris-\\ntian Science?\\nThe answer may, best and most fairly, be given by\\nquoting the very words of the remarkable lady, Mrs.\\nEddy, who, in 1866, made the somewhat belated dis-\\ncovery of this branch of healing. This is the more\\nimportant because many who, without having read\\nthe text-book, fancy they know, in a general way,\\nwhat it teaches, would be surprised, on looking into\\nthe volume, at the vagueness of expression, hopeless\\nconfusion of thought, vain boasting, complacent asser-\\ntion of impossible occurrences, virulent denunciation\\nof all other systems, and systematic, commonplace ad-\\nvertising that everywhere appear. The publications\\nto be quoted from are Science and Health, with Key\\nto the Scriptures (Edition of 1887, published by the\\nauthor), and Miscellaneous Writings, 1883-1896.\\nThe former, being the text-book wherein the new dis-\\ncovery is expounded, is read at the church service of\\nthe Scientist alternately with the Bible, and, if its au-\\nthor is to be credited, the mere reading of it, under-\\nstanding^, has cured and will cure the most malig-\\nnant diseases, even cancer, and indeed is the chief\\nfactor in all treatment.\\nAt the threshold of this magnum opus, we are told\\nThe time for thinkers has come. 1 Hitherto, the\\nworld has got along in a thoughtless fashion but\\nat last the thinkers are upon us not only those who\\nP. 5", "height": "5179", "width": "3243", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nthink they think, but real thinkers and it behooves\\nus to heed their thought. Perhaps it is this state-\\nment, as much as any other in the book, that gives to\\nChristian Science what vogue it has. The more\\nignorant the disciples, the more flattered he is to\\nesteem himself a thinker wiser than all who have\\ngone before. A cubit is added to his stature and he\\nglows with self-satisfaction. When the author wrote\\nof the Saviour Though Jesus is the impetus and\\npulse of Christianity, yet Christianity is larger than\\nits human founder and again of Bishop Berkeley\\nHe was a great natural Scientist in his day, and held\\nopinions concerning absolute idealism which ad-\\nvance his memory near to the border-land of Christian\\nScience, 2 she, too, doubtless felt this glow, and failed\\nto apprehend in the words what was blasphemous to\\nthe pious, humorous 3 to the merely instructed and of-\\nfensive to good taste.\\nAnother reason why this text-book impresses the\\ni p. 229. 2 p 230.\\n3 The poems of Mrs. Eddy, published in Miscellaneous Writings, Ch.\\nXI., afford evidence at once of her literary craftsmanship and of her en-\\ntire lack of humor. Two verses from one of them, Isle of Wight, (p.\\n393), may serve to illustrate her pellucid thought and style:\\nSoul, sublime mid human debris\\nPaints the limner s work, I ween,\\nArt and Science, all unweary,\\nLighting up the mortal dream.\\nStudents wise, he maketh now thus\\nThose who fish in waters deep,\\nWhen the buried Master hails us\\nFrom the shores afar, complete.\\nHowever trite or obscure her prose teachings, no one will deny the\\nnovelty and originality of rhyming debris with unweary, ween\\nwith dream, now thus with hails us and deep with com-\\nplete, and, to quote Calverley s saying of other poetry, As to its mean-\\ning, it s what you please,", "height": "5179", "width": "3249", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 19\\nsuperficial as containing oracles of wisdom is, that it\\nso often, like Dr. Holmes s katydid, says an undis-\\nputed thing in such a solemn way for example,\\nthat those who are sick, or think themselves sick,\\nshould be cheered up that fear strongly affects the\\nsystem and even predisposes the timid to the sickness\\nthey stand in dread of that children should not be\\ncoddled over-much, and that men ought to be good\\ntrite sayings all, but to the thoughtless thinker reve-\\nlations.\\nYet another reason that commends the book and its\\ndisciples to the credulous is their boastful assurance\\nof impossible results. Reputable practitioners of\\nmedicine or law do not insure success. Undoubtedly,\\nhowever, such assurance inspires hope, especially in\\ncredulous minds. Mrs. Eddy does not hesitate to say\\nthat she cures the hundred cases where physicians\\nlose the ninety-and-nine l and her disciples have been\\nknown to give equal assurances to a patient already\\nin the death agony.\\nA review of these books might be entertaining, and\\neven profitable, if it served to enlighten any who may\\nhave accepted the Science without study of its\\ngenesis, by showing how, out of the time-worn specu-\\nlation of idealism that matter does not exist apart\\nfrom mind, a lady of Lynn, Mass., has spun a web of\\nincoherent words 2 contradicting themselves on every\\ni P. 387,\\n2 As if realizing how incoherent, vague and self-contradictory is her\\nwriting, Mrs. Eddy says, somewhat in the manner of Mr. Bunsby, In the\\nspiritual sense of my subject lies the elucidation of it, and this sense you\\nmust gain in order to reach my meaning (p. 391). And again, Mortal\\nmind does not at once catch my meaning, and can only do so as thought\\nis educated up to my spiritual apprehension (p. 392). And finally to", "height": "5179", "width": "3222", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 CHKISTIAN science.\\npage, and yet so attractive to the credulous as to form\\nthe nucleus of a cult and of an excellent source of rev-\\nenue for the writer, and for those of her disciples\\nwho, in absolute ignorance of medical science, assume\\nto cure every human malady not only treating adults,\\nbut even helpless children, preventing the attendance\\nof qualified medical men in critical cases, and even\\ncondemning observance of the rules of cleanliness,\\nhygiene, diet and exercise. But with the metaphysics\\nof the book we have here to do only in so far as it af-\\nfects the practical system of treating the sick.\\nOriginally, Mrs. Eddy seems to have been a home-\\nopathist of the high potency faction, and to have\\nbeen led by recognizing the medicinal inertness of high\\nattenuations to her present theories. 1 She, herself,\\nsays Homeopathic remedies, sometimes not contain-\\ning a particle of medicine, are known to relieve the\\nsymptoms of diseases. What works the cure It is\\nthe faith of mortal mind that changes its own self-in-\\nflicted suffering, and produces a new effect upon the\\nbody. 2 This would be, at least, intelligible if she did\\nnot also teach that there is really no such thing as\\nmortal mind 3 that disease is an impression orig-\\ninating in the unconscious mortal mind, and becoming\\nat length a conscious belief that the body or matter\\nsuffers, a growth of illusion springing from\\na seed of thought, either your own thought or\\nher disciples and general readers she intimates that she can explicate\\nspiritual meanings more fully by practical teaching, i. e., presumably\\nby attendance on her well paid lectures (p. 17).\\n1 Homeopathy Its Friends and its Foes. Annual address by Dr.\\nH. M. Paine, President of the Homeopathic Medical Society of the State\\nof New York, 1888, Trans. Vol, XXIII.\\n2 P. 312, 3 P. 4I9.", "height": "5200", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 21\\nanother s; 1 that body is the seedling that starts\\nthought, and sends it to the brain for consciousness 2\\nthat the entire mortal body is evolved from mortal\\nmind, so that a bunion would be insanity if mortal\\nmind would only call the foot the brain 3 that matter\\nis another name for mortal mind 4 and disappears\\nunder the miscroscope of spirit 5 and that pain, which\\nis presumably suffering, is a belief without an ade-\\nquate cause. 6 We are also taught that disease has\\nno intelligence to move itself about or change itself\\nfrom one form to another. 7 Taking again the sen-\\ntence just quoted, and substituting these definitions\\nfor words, we have this remarkable result It is the\\nfaith of mortal mind {i. e., nothing) that changes its\\nown self-inflicted sufferings (i. e. 9 beliefs without ade-\\nquate cause) and produces a new effect upon the body\\n(i. e., an evolution of mortal mind, or nothing, which\\ntherefore is itself nothing).\\nBefore this jargon one may fancy the delighted new\\nthinker, like dear Alice after reading the Jabberwock,\\ngloriously filled with ideas, but entirely ignorant of\\nthe meaning. The most that can be made of her\\ntheory is that disease does not exist save as a false\\nbelief to be treated with argument and the positive\\ntreatment of it is as follows First of all, buy Mrs.\\nEddy s books and have the patient do so. 8 This will\\nincrease the circulation\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of the book, if not of the\\npatient. Next, deny that there is any disease, and\\nmake the patient agree with you. Remember that\\nall is mind and there is no matter. You are only\\nJ P. 182. 2 p. I# 3 P. 300. 4 p. 542. 5 p. 1 j. 6 p. -342. 7 p. 301,", "height": "5179", "width": "3237", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22 CHKISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nseeing or feeling a belief, whether it be cancer, de-\\nformity, consumption, or fracture that you deal with. 1\\nHaving thus established that the disease does not ex-\\nist, you next proceed to meet the incipient stage of\\ndisease with such powerful eloquence as a Congress-\\nman would employ to defeat the passage of an inhu-\\nman law. 2 No disease can stand that. Still more\\noddly, you are to call this disease, whose existence\\nyou deny, by name, but mentally, lest if the patient\\nhear its name, his mortal mind will hold on to the dis-\\nease; for, apparently, the mortal mind, which itself\\nhas no existence, although impressed by absent treat-\\nment and the reading of Mrs. Eddy s book, cannot let\\ngo any disease whose name is spoken out loud. But\\nif you only address the disease mentally and speak the\\ntruth to it, tumors, ulcers, tubercles, inflammation,\\npains and deformed backs all dream shad-\\nows, dark images of mortal thought, will flee before\\nthe light. 3 To the practical mind it would seem that\\nthe healer would need some medical knowledge to\\nmake his differential diagnosis of ulcers and tu-\\nmors, and to distinguish between abscess, aneurism,\\nand other abnormal conditions. And if disease does\\nnot exist, and has no intelligence to move or change\\nitself, it does seem a bad waste of time to have anv\\ndiscussion at all with it.\\nIf this were all of Christian Science, it might do lit-\\ntle or no harm. No one would object to letting a\\nScientist hold mental conversations with the patient s\\ndisease, or give absent treatments, or encourage the\\nsick to look on the bright side. And a kindly soul\\nIP. 297. 2 p. 322. 3 p. 301,", "height": "5204", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 23\\nwould no more restrain a Scientist from playing\\nwith his metaphysics than he would interfere with a\\nhopeful kitten that whirls in happy pursuit of its own\\nelusive tail always in sight, yet never quite attained.\\nBut it is the negative teachings of the so-called Science\\nthat render its disciples pestilent and dangerous to the\\npublic health. Declaring the incantations of the Es-\\nquimaux to be as effective in cure of the sick as the\\nmodus operandi of civilized practitioners, Mrs. Eddy\\ngoes on to teach that physiology is anti-Christian. It\\nteaches us to have other gods before Jehovah. It\\nis neither moral nor spiritual. l In its place she would\\nsubstitute harmony for discord is the nothingness\\nof error, harmony is the somethingness of truth. 2\\nSickness is inharmony. 3 This new thought is\\neven older than that famous little dinner given by\\nAgathon, where, notwithstanding the presence of Plato\\nand Socrates, Aristophanes got tipsy and asked Eryx-\\nimachus, the physician, why, if the latter really be-\\nlieved health to be only harmony and love among the\\nmembers, he should prescribe anything so inharmonious\\nas sneezing to cure hiccoughs.\\nNo physician is to be called in by the sick. The\\nScientist who understands and adheres strictly to the\\nrules of my system is the only one safe to\\nemploy in difficult and dangerous cases. 4\\nEvery form of treatment, Homeopathy, 5 Mind Cure, 6\\nMovement Cure, 7 Animal Magnetism, Clairvoyance,\\nMediumship and Mesmerism, 8 is impartially con-\\ndemned. Against animal magnetism Mrs. Eddy is\\nIP. 171. 2 p. 22 3 p. i 77 4 pp. ^6, 324. 5 p. jgj. 6 p. 376.\\nP. 364. 8 pp. 212, 213, 219, 302.", "height": "5179", "width": "3244", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nparticularly bitter, apparently because, having been\\nonce personally manipulated by the late Mr. P. P.\\nQuimby, an uneducated man, but a distinguished\\nmesmerist, it was thereafter stated that Mr. Quimby\\nwas the originator of her writings. 1 It is morally\\nwrong to examine the body in order to ascertain if\\nwe are in health, and to employ drugs for the cure\\nof disease shows a lack of faith in God. 2 A Chris-\\ntian Scientist never recommends hygiene. 3 Dieting,\\ndosing and exercise are unscientific. 4 It is foolish to\\nsuppose that it is exercise that increases the muscles\\nof a blacksmith s arm for, if that were so the ham-\\nmer, which takes just as much exercise, would also\\ngrow. 5 This is one of the most powerful and char-\\nacteristic arguments of the new thinker. Bathing is\\nthus deprecated. Bathing and rubbing, to alter the\\nsecretions or remove unhealthy exhalations from the\\ncuticle, receive a useful rebuke from Christian Heal-\\ning. We must beware of making clean the outside of\\nthe platter only. A hint may be taken from the Irish\\nemigrant whose filth does not affect his happiness\\nwhen mind and body rest on the same basis. 6 The\\nScientist takes the best care of his body when he\\nleaves it most out of his thought, and like the Apostle\\nPaul is willing rather to be absent from the body\\nand present with the Lord. 7 The daily ablutions\\nof an infant are no more natural and necessary than\\ni p. 6. a p. 38.\\n3 P. 374; Mrs. E. D. 0.,. at an early age learned hygiene and\\npracticed it faithfully for over twenty years with such poor results that\\nshe had once been laid out for dead and did not want to come to.\\nA partial reading of Science and Health made her a well and hearty\\nwoman. (Misc. W., pp. 401-403.)\\n4 P. 376. 5 p. 209. e p. 354. 7 p. 35S", "height": "5191", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Its legal aspects. 25\\nit would be to take a fish out of water once a day and\\ncover it with dirt, in order to make it thrive more\\nvigorously thereafter in its native element. l Medical\\nstudy is harmful. Anatomy, physiology, treatises\\non health sustained by what is called material law\\nare the husbandmen of sickness and disease. 2\\nProper clothing is unnecessary for you would never\\nconclude that flannel is better than controlling Mind\\nfor warding off pulmonary disease, if you understood\\nthe Science of being. 3 If one be only a Christian\\nScientist he may expose himself in a state of perspi-\\nration to draughts of air without experiencing the us-\\nual ill effects 4 i. e., Christian Science is prophy-\\nlactic, and this is expressly asserted. 5\\nThe foregoing is all bad enough as to adults but,\\nwhen it concerns them only, something may be said\\nin favor of the decision, cited by Puff end orf, in the\\ncase of a patient who sued a horse-doctor for blinding\\nhim by applying to his eyes the same ointment that\\nwas used for horses. The Cadi decided against the\\nsuitor, because: If the Fellow, says he, had not\\nbeen an Ass, he had never applied himself to a Horse-\\ndoctor. 6\\nBut what is to be said of such advice as this to\\nmothers Mind can regulate the condition of the\\nstomach, bowels, food, temperature of your child far\\nbetter than matter can do so. Your views and those\\nof other people on these subjects produce their good\\nor bad results in the health of your child. 7 Your\\nchild can have worms, if you say so, or whatever\\ni P. 159. 2 P. 183. 3 p. 160. 4 p. 314. 5 p. 34 8, e p u ff. Book, V., Ch.\\nIV. *P. 158.", "height": "5153", "width": "3225", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26 CHRISTIAN SCIEKCE.\\nmalady is timorously holden in your mind relative to\\nthe body. Thus you lay the foundation of disease and\\ndeath, and educate your child into discord l Even\\nif a child is attacked by contagious disease, Mrs. Eddy\\nattributes the cause to maternal fear. 2 Thus the\\nmother is taught that her child s illness depends upon\\nher fancy, and that neither physicians, remedies nor\\ndecent, cleanly care are necessary for its aid. And in\\nthe record of deaths resulting from the treatment of\\nChristian Scientists, Faith Curers, Peculiar People, et\\nid genus omne, a large proportion are those of\\nneglected children suffering from acute inflammations\\nof the lungs, diphtheria, pneumonia and like com-\\nplaints. One horrible and typical case in Brooklyn\\nwas brought to public notice by an undertaker called\\nin by a Faith Curer to bury the latter s child, six\\nyears of age, dead from diphtheria. Two other chil-\\ndren, one about eight, the other less than two years\\nold, were found suffering from the same disease. The\\nfather explained his failure to call in medical aid by\\nsaying he did not believe in doctors since he believed\\nin Christ. 3 Here his delusion caused not only the\\ndeath of his own child, but put in peril the public\\nhealth. The same neglect would have occurred had\\nthe case been smallpox or scarlet fever.\\nA number of even more harrowing cases might be\\ncited, did space or inclination serve but their recital\\nis needless. i\\nContrary to ordinary belief, even prayer is es-\\n1 P. 159. 2 P. 334. 3N. Y. papers, March I., 1890.\\n4 The New York World of Aug. 12, 1899, prints a list of forty-one per-\\nsons alleged to have suffered from this delusion. It omits many to be\\nfound in a scrap-book kept by the writer.", "height": "5190", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 27\\nchewed. The only beneficial effect of prayer is on\\nthe human mind, making it act more powerfully on\\nthe body through a stronger faith in God. This,\\nhowever, is one belief casting out another, a belief in\\nthe unknown casting out a belief in sickness. l And\\nwhen we remember that belief can only bring on\\ndisease, it can never relieve it, the inefficacy of\\nprayer becomes manifest; and we are expressly\\ntaught that if we pray to God as a person, this\\nwill prevent us letting go the human doubts and fears\\nthat attend all personalities. 2\\nThe most ignorant persons set themselves up to\\ncure the sick under this system as a business and for\\nhire. Mrs. Eddy herself accumulates and publishes\\ncertificates of cures by herself, by her disciples and\\nby the mere reading of her book, that are contrary to\\nall possibility in human experience and smack in\\nevery line of the charlatan. Her volume of Mis-\\ncellaneous Writings is in part made up of certifi-\\ncates differing from those that usually accompany\\nquack nostrums, only in that they are more incredible\\nthan those the ordinary charlatan ventures to put\\nforth. She cures cancers in one visit. A child of\\neighteen months, suffering for months with ulceration\\nof the bowels, and given up by the M. D. s, is lifted\\nfrom his cradle and kissed, he at once begins to play\\nwith his toys, and that night before retiring eats\\nheartily of cabbage 3 One Mrs. Armstrong writes,\\ni P. 488. 2 P. 492, cf. 484 and 393.\\n3 P. 200. This certificate dated Lynn, June, 1873, savs Mrs.\\nEddy came in, etc., although Mrs. Glover-Patterson did not marry Mr.\\nEddy until four years later, in 1877 (See note to tne case against Chris-\\ntian Science, p. 60.)", "height": "5173", "width": "3240", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nwithout date or address, to enclose a check for $500,\\nin payment of an absent treatment by which heart\\ndisease and dropsy, lasting from childhood, were\\ncured immediately upon Mrs. Eddy s receipt of a\\nletter from Mr. Armstrong. x Hood s case of Mrs.\\nF., so exceedingly deaf, who purchased an ear\\ntrumpet, and very next day heard from her hus-\\nband in Botany Bay, becomes modest in comparison.\\nBut, although Mrs. Eddy personally cures fractures\\ndid, in fact, by absent treatment cure the crushed\\nfoot of Mr. R. O. Badgeley, of Cincinnati; 2 and al-\\nthough she expressly teaches that her Science cures\\nacute and chronic forms of disease, 3 and fractures 4\\nas well as other deformities nay more, has raised\\nthe dying to life and health 5 she nevertheless says\\nUntil the advancing age admits the efficacy and\\nsupremacy of Mind, it is better to leave the adjustment\\nof broken bones and dislocations to the fingers of sur-\\ngeons, while you confine yourself chiefly to mental\\nreconstruction and the prevention of inflammations or\\nprotracted confinement. 6\\nHere Mrs. Eddy confesses the sham of her theory.\\nEarth often covers the physicians mistakes, but not\\nso frequently those of the surgeon. The vast major-\\nity of suits for malpractice are in surgical cases. The\\nresults of operations often demonstrate the malprac-\\ntice. And is it not fair thus to paraphrase this sly\\nadvice Take any risk with the sick. If the patient\\ndie, who can prove that you caused the death But\\nbe wary in surgical cases, for there ignorance and lack\\nof skill, being demonstrable, may cause you to pay\\n\u00c2\u00bbP. 199. 2 P. 199. 3 p. !86. P. 358. 6 p. 3^, ep t 328.", "height": "5200", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 29\\nheavily for your persumption The fitting climax\\nto this farrago of undigested metaphysics and vain\\nboasting l is, that hunger and thirst are also mental\\nimpressions to be argued with, 2 that food is not requi-\\nsite to support life, although it would be foolish to\\nstop eating until we gain more goodness 3 and, lastly,\\nthat, as there is no mortal mind from which to make\\na mortal body, immortality is already here. 4\\nThe methods of this extraordinary system of cure\\nfor the sick have been set out thus fully and, it is be-\\nlieved, fairly, because in no reported law case have\\nthey been brought before the Court, and the author-\\nity of any adjudicated case depends upon the facts in-\\nvolved. Obiter dicta are often as misleading as met-\\naphysical speculation. Summed up, these methods\\nconsist positively in reading Mrs. Eddy s book and\\narguing with non-existent disease and negatively in\\nabstaining from everything that experience shows to\\nbe of benefit to the sick, not only specific medication\\nand operative treatment, but diet, exercise and per-\\nsonal cleanliness. The evidence of the senses is not\\nto be heeded it is even forbidden to admit that a lit-\\ntle child needs medical care. Surely no well-balanced\\nmind will deny that this delusion is full of danger, no\\nmatter how sincerely and honestly many believe in it.\\nThus we are brought to our third inquiry Do ex-\\nisting laws suffice us in dealing with this delusion and\\nits votaries, or is further legislation necessary in the\\n1 There are certain self-evident facts. This is one of them that who-\\never practices the Science I teach, through which the Divine mind\\npours light and healing upon this generation cannot pursue mal-practice,\\nor harm patient (p. 219).\\n8 PP. 329, 334- 3 P. 33 2 4 p P- 316-327.", "height": "5166", "width": "3232", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30 CHEiSTIAlSr SCIENCE.\\npremises! With the metaphysical and religious as-\\npects of the delusion, the law has no more concern\\nthan with those of Mormonism, Voodooism, Shaker-\\nism, Oneidaism or any of the myriad forms of God or\\nDevil worship. Ephraim may join himself to all the\\nidols he desires, the law lets him alone. But neither\\nin this life nor the life to come is every one who cries,\\nLord, Lord, have we not in Thy name done manv won-\\nderf ul works to escape just punishment for working\\niniquity, or to be received among the saints upon his\\nown uncorroborated testimony. By the Mormon cases,\\nthe Supreme Court of the United States has made it\\nplain, if it were ever in doubt, that no one under the\\ncloak of religion can violate law to gratify lust or\\ngreed, or for any other motive. Thugs may not kill\\nbecause murder is their creed. And there is no rea-\\nson why ignorant persons 1 should be allowed to trifle\\nwith human life to the public peril, even though they\\nwish to do well and have no worse motive than to re-\\nceive a fee.\\nThe right of the State to forbid the ignorant to en-\\ngage in the business of healing the sick by any system\\n1 In order to be satisfied of the ignorance, recklessness, credulity, and\\nassurance of the Scientists, one need only read the certificates pub-\\nlished in Miscellaneous Works along with Mrs. Eddy s Poems. It\\nseems that the new gospel has been successfully preached in the Massa-\\nchusetts State Prison. One of Mrs. Eddy s correspondents, J. B. H.\\nwhether a temporary sojourner in the prison or not is not quite clear,\\nwrites that after reading Science and Health for some days he was\\naffected by drowsiness followed by vomiting. This lasted several\\nhours. He then slept and awoke healed. Thereafter in three treat-\\nments he cured a child that the M. D. s said was dying.of lung fever.\\nIn two treatments he cured a ruptured child and in one treatment he\\nhealed an old lady of heart disease and chills. To top off with and keep\\nhis hand in, he, in two weeks of absent treatment, cured a lady of insanity\\nwho never saw him, nor even suspected what he was up to. Misc. W.,\\npp. 405, 406.", "height": "5179", "width": "3237", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 31\\nwhatever, is established; and therefore whether or\\nnot such persons may practice Christian Science de-\\npends entirely upon the phrasing of the statute.\\nWhere, as in Nebraska, the law defines a medical\\npractitioner as one who professes to heal the sick,\\nthe practice of Christian Science by unlicensed per-\\nsons is a violation of l w but in jurisdictions where\\nmedical practice is forbidden, yet the use of drugs or\\ninstruments is made the test of such* practice, the\\nScientist may pursue his business. So, too, the\\nliability of these people to penalties for their failure\\nto report contagious diseases or deaths of patients de-\\npends on the phrasing of the law or ordinance, and\\nthey certainly should be required, if allowed to prac-\\ntice, to make such reports, even though they believe\\nin neither disease nor death.\\nIn England, unlicensed medical practice is not a\\nmisdemeanor and, therefore, an illegal practitioner\\ncannot there, as with us, be found guilty, construct-\\nively, of manslaughter, should his patients die. But\\nit is a general rule of law that a person undertaking a\\nduty must possess skill and knowledge competent for\\nits successful discharge. If a person engage in the\\nbusiness of curing the sick without such competent\\nskill and knowledge, he becomes civilly liable in dam-\\nages for injuries resulting from his incompetence\\nand if, by reason of his gross negligence, ignorance or\\ncarelessness, his patient die, then he is guilty of man-\\nslaughter at least, and may be guilty of murder.\\nUpon these principles the famous quack, St. John\\nLong, was convicted of manslaughter at the Old\\nBailev in 1830. And, in 1884, one Pierce was simi-\\ny", "height": "5193", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nlarly convicted in Massachusetts. This gross and\\nwicked negligence may manifest itself either posi-\\ntively, as when one administers recklessly or igno-\\nrantly a powerful drug, or negatively, as when a Chris-\\ntian Scientist or other fanatic, thrusting himself into\\nthe place of a competent person and assuming the\\nduty of care, deprives the patient of proper attention,\\nand permits or advises unsuitable diet, improper cloth-\\ning or other harmful violation of hygienic laws. The\\nfact that Christian Scientists, Faith Curers, Mind\\nCurers, and practitioners of like sort, do not custom-\\narily administer drugs or use instruments, is not suf-\\nficient reason why they should escape liability for in-\\njuries resulting from their treatment. It is said in a\\nvery recent case that a shipmaster may be liable in\\ndamages for negligently losing his brig, although his\\nnegligence was due to temporary insanity the gen-\\neral rule of law being that, as the results of his mis-\\nfortune should be borne by him, not by the equally\\ninnocent, an insane person is to be held civilly re-\\nsponsible for what in sane persons would be willful\\nand negligent conduct. Thus, the best plea that\\ncould be made for a Christian Scientist, religious in-\\nsanity, would be of no avail in an action against him\\nfor damages proven to have resulted from his negli-\\ngence.\\nThe sum of the matter, then, is this Under existing\\nlaws, wherever the statute forbids any oiue without\\nlicense to undertake to heal the sick, or uses equiv-\\nalent words, and wherever the phrase practice of\\nmedicine is not construed by the Courts as applying\\nexclusively to the administration of drugs and the use", "height": "5207", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 33\\nof instruments, Christian Scientists, undertaking the\\ncure of the sick without license to practice medicine,\\nbecome subject to the penalties of the law. They may-\\nbe also, according to the phrasing of the statute, pun-\\nishable for failure to report contagious diseases, and\\nfor other violations of health ordinances. They are\\ncivilly liable in damages for their malfeasances and\\nmisfeasance and, if death can be shown to have re-\\nsulted from their gross ignorance or neglect, they may\\nbe indicted for manslaughter. English cases appar-\\nently to the contrary seem to proceed upon a theory\\nthat the negligent persons owed no duty to the de-\\nceased. The recent case, for example, of the news-\\npaper correspondent who died while in care of Chris-\\ntian Scientists establishes nothing. It was not prose-\\ncuted for what reason does not satisfactorily appear,\\nbut presumably because the fanatics in attendance on\\ndecedent were only rendering friendly services and\\ndid not owe deceased a duty. I may lawfully believe\\nin suicide and discuss the examples of Socrates and\\nCato without being liable for the death of a friend\\nwho imitates them, but I may not lawfully partici-\\npate in the suicidal act. And Mr. Justice Hawkins is\\nsaid by the Lam Journal to have carefully guarded\\nhimself against appearing to sanction the course\\nadopted in Frederic s case.\\nNew legislation in the premises is not called for,\\nexcept, perhaps, to define practice of medicine\\nmore broadly in some jurisdictions. Such a definition\\nwas stricken from the New York Medical Act of 1887\\nby a Senator who feared it would operate against a\\nfriend of his who kept a bathing house. Last year a,", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nbill of somewhat the same purport seems to have been\\nabandoned by the Senator having it in charge, for no\\nother reason, so far as can be learned, than that more\\nthan the usual number of ladies appeared to oppose it.\\nChildren are now very generally protected by special\\nlaws. No statute can cure an adult of folly. Laws\\nspecifically forbidding the practice of Christian Science\\nwould only provide that cheap martyrdom which\\nwould be welcomed by an advertising business, and\\nwould be wrong, both in principle and policy. The\\ndelusion itself is bound to die, as did that of John of\\nLeyden and many another before and since that\\nprophet s time and it is quite certain to be succeeded\\nby others.\\nIn New York city about 1832, a period of great\\nawakening that begat Mormonism and many other\\nsects among them one in Kentucky, whose members,\\nin order to win Heaven by making themselves as little\\nchildren, used to crawl on their hands and knees in\\nchurch, play marbles, trundle hoops and otherwise\\nmanifest their infantile madness one Matthews, 1 a\\ncarpenter, having assumed the name Matthias, pro-\\nclaimed himself to be God, the Father. He found be-\\nlievers, most of them ignorant but some intelligent,\\nprocured much money and ruined many persons. He\\nand his disciples claimed to heal the sick quite as suc-\\ncessfully as the Scientists now do. One of them, a\\nMr. Pierson, a victim of religious delusion, even before\\nthe coming of Matthias, had endeavored under most\\ndistressing and pathetic circumstances publicly to raise\\nhis wife from the dead, accepting literally the verse\\n1 Matthias and his Impostures, Harpers, 1836.", "height": "5174", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "ITS LEGAL ASPECTS. 35\\nof the General Epistle of St. James directing the elders\\nto anoint and pray over the sick, and promising that\\nthe Lord shall raise him up. Matthias, being even-\\ntually indicted for procuring $630 from a Mr. Folger\\nunder the false pretence that he was God, able to re-\\nmit sins, and would communicate the Holy Ghost to\\nsaid Folger, the District Attorney entered a nolle\\nprosequi for these reasons To maintain the indict-\\nment, he said, I must prove that defendant s pretences\\nwere false and would deceive a man of ordinary intel-\\nligence and prudence, but no sane person would believe\\nthat Matthias is God, nor can I establish the falsity of\\nhis statement by legal evidence. Matthias was, how-\\never, convicted on lesser charges.\\nThe memory of the adventuress, Diss de Bar, is\\nfresh. In 1888 she was convicted by a New York\\njury of fraud in obtaining money from a lawyer of\\nadmittedly large attainments, and a former associate\\nof Mr. Webster. She, too, sought to cloud the real\\nissue by claiming that the right to believe in Spiritual-\\nism was involved. During her trial, the usual train\\nof ladies and intelligent persons attended her,\\none of her satellites being a former diplomat and an\\nex-Regent of the University of the State. Since her\\nimprisonment her star has waned. These cases illus-\\ntrate at once the difficulty and possibilities of dealing\\nwith religious fanatics through existing laws, when\\nwrong theory is reduced to harmful practice.\\nThat Christian Scientists frequently offend against\\nthe criminal law seems to be clear, and their prosecu-\\ntion in such cases would be of value if it enlightened\\nthe public as to their real teaching; for it seems", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36 CHKISTIAST SCIENCE.\\nscarcely possible that an intelligent person, becoming\\nfully acquainted with Science and Health and its\\nteachings, could fail to visit Mrs. Eddy s cult with\\ncondemnation as strong as that which she unsparingly\\nlays upon the competing cults of Faith Curers, Mind\\nCurers, Animal Magnetists and Clairvoyants or that\\nany one of taste or humor, after reading the\\nPoems and quack advertisements of the Miscella-\\nneous Writings, would not blush to confess himself a\\ndisciple of the new thought. Publicity will destroy\\nthe cult far more quickly than legislation.", "height": "5173", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "II.\\nTHE CASE AGAIISTST CHKISTIAN SCIENCE. 1\\nIisr the March number of the North American Re-\\nview, it was essayed in the article, Christian Science\\nand its Legal Aspects, to state clearly, as far as that\\nis possible, the teachings of Mrs. Eddy using, in order\\nto be scrupulously fair, her own words, and referring\\neach citation to its page in her text-book, Science\\nand Health, with Key to the Scriptures.\\nIt was there said Publicity will destroy the cult\\nfar more quickly than legislation. In that belief it is\\nproposed here, with equal fairness, by quotations from\\nher books, Miscellaneous Writings and Ketrospec-\\ntion and Introspection, the latter being autobiograph-\\nical in character, to show something of the life, pre-\\ntensions, methods and literary output of this remarkable\\nwoman, leaving the reader to judge from her own\\nwords whether she is, as her partisans assert, learned,\\nmodest, truthful and generous, or, as her adversaries\\ndeclare, ignorant, irreverent, boastful, and greedy.\\nWe assume that candid, intelligent persons, interested\\nin her teachings and alleged marvellous cures, are\\nwilling to learn the truth and try the teacher upon\\nher utterances in the forum of common sense. If\\nMrs. Eddy did nothing more than teach a philosophic\\nor religious theorv we should waste no time in aca-\\ndemic discussion of it. But she teaches a practice\\nthat daily puts the lives of adults and, more horrible\\n1 From the North American Review.\\n37", "height": "5191", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nstill, of little children at the mercy of persons ignorant\\nboth of medical and mental science.\\nSome of her quondam friends and disciples have\\npublished matter denouncing Mrs. Eddy and attribut-\\ning her theories and her cure of a severe illness to a\\nMr. P. P. Quimby, 1 deceased, whom she disparages as\\nan uneducated man. To our apprehension, a fair\\nrepresentation of the woman and her works will be\\nmore profitable than heated controversy or labored\\nargument. We concede to her, for what it is worth,\\nthe discovery of Christian Science, and ask no more\\nthan that the reader, friendly or hostile, examine\\njudicially these gleanings from her works and form\\nhis own conclusions.\\nIt has been said that the best corrective of judg-\\nment is the sense of humor, the faculty of appreciat-\\ning one s own absurdities. Mrs. Eddy and her disciples\\ntake themselves very seriously. But that Mrs. Eddy\\nconsiders the rival system of Faith Cure ridiculous,\\nappears from this merry jest of hers\\nWhen looking deeply into the effects of faith\\nbased on corporeal personality instead of the Divine\\nPrinciple, the following colloquy is suggested\\nHave you ever tried the faith-cure asked a\\nsolemn looking stranger of a gentleman in a. street\\ncar. I have, was the answer. 4 Do you believe in\\nit I do. May I ask of what you were cured\\n1 Certainly I was cured of my faith. 2\\nThus, by example, she invites a display of her own\\ndrolleries.\\n1 See two articles in the Arena for May, 1899, by Horatio W. Dresser\\nand Josephine C. Woodbury.\\n2 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 68,", "height": "5179", "width": "3333", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 39\\nWho, then, and what is Mrs. Mary Moss Baker\\nGlover Patterson Eddy, who in 1866, threw light\\nupon the Gospels for lack of which saints, sages and\\npoets, stumbling in darkness through the ages, have\\nfailed to apprehend the Saviour s teaching who has\\nwritten a book the mere reading of which cures\\ncancer to whom churches are built wherein is read\\nthe Lord s Prayer expanded and improved by her\\ninterpolations\\nOne of her foremost apostles, Mr. Carol Norton, a\\nyoung gentleman belonging to The International\\nBoard of Lectureship of the Mother Church of Chris-\\ntian Science in Boston, Mass., in a lecture copyrighted\\nin 1898, 1 presumably with her approval, thus describes\\nher\u00e2\u0080\u0094 he uses the past tense, but the lady still lives as\\nmortal mind understands the term\\nA quiet dignity and a divine perseverance were\\nher conspicuous characteristics. Her life motives were\\nessentially unselfish, philanthropic and idealistic. As\\na student she was penetrating, inquiring, progressive.\\nPerhaps her strongest point was that she always\\nworked in a direct line. One of her most marked\\ncharacteristics was that, if she had worked mentally in\\na wrong direction, she could turn about with intelli-\\ngent ease. While from the human standpoint\\nshe inherited the refinement that goes with culture of\\nfamily and moral rectitude, yet there was a marked\\ndegree of spiritual grace, delicacy and elegance which\\ncomes not from human ancestry, neither from commun-\\nion with nature. It was the exquisite coloring of the\\ntouch of the hands of divine Mind which opens the\\npetals of thought, as it does of the opening rose, and\\nevolves a symmetry of disposition, temperament and\\n1 Printed in the Troy Record, February 28, 1899.", "height": "5179", "width": "3228", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\npoise which is at once recognized as of Divine not\\nhuman origin. She spent no time in intellec-\\ntual drifting. Intuition and logic she united in her\\nmental processes of reasoning. Adherence\\nto the impersonal and scientific deductions of the phil-\\nosophical teachings of Mary Baker Eddy represents\\nnothing different from the loyalty of a mathematician\\nto the unchanging rule of mathematics.\\nThe italics are ours. If the description seems per-\\nfervid, it should be remembered that Mrs. Eddy calls\\nherself and is called by her disciples Mother, and\\nMr. Norton s words are little stronger than those\\naddressed by pius ^Eneas to his dam, Haud tibi\\nvoltus mortalis, nee vox hominem sonat: 0, dea\\ncerte\\nAny reader of Mrs. Eddy s books will admit the\\nease with which she turns about whether it be intel-\\nligent or consistent with logic and loyalty to unchang-\\ning rules is another matter.\\nAn apostle worthy of the name should have a some-\\nwhat extraordinary childhood, and Mrs. Eddy writes\\nFor some twelve months, when I was about eight\\nyears old, I repeatedly heard a voice calling me dis-\\ntinctly by name, three times in an ascending scale.\\nHer mother persistently ignored this occurrence,\\nuntil one day a cousin, Mehitable Huntoon, also heard\\nthe voice. Then Mrs. Baker told Mary of little Sam-\\n1 Thus an alleged disciple writes Dear Mother The most blessed\\nof women Oh, how I long to sit within range of your voice and hear\\nthe Truth that comes to you from on High for none could speak such\\nwondrous thoughts as have come from your pen, except it be the Spirit\\nthat speaketh in you. Miscellaneous Writings, p. 415.\\nMrs. Eddy constantly applies the title to herself, for example I, for\\none, would be pleased to have the Christian Science Board of Directors\\nitemize a bill of this church s gifts to Mother. Miscellaneous Writ-\\nings, p. 131.", "height": "5157", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 41\\nuel and bade her answer when next she heard the\\nvoice, Speak, Lord, for thy servant heareth. The\\nchild obeyed but the result was disappointing\\nWhen the call came again I did answer, in the\\nwords of Samuel, but never again to material senses\\nwas that mysterious call audibly repeated. l\\nApparently the voice had nothing particular to say.\\nAt the age of twelve, Mary was admitted to the\\nCongregationalist Church, after much perturbation\\nover the doctrine of unconditional election or predes-\\ntination, due to very creditable unwillingness to be\\nsaved if her brothers and sisters were to be damned.\\nHer mental distress brought on fever, so the physician\\nsaid; and her mother bade her seek God in prayer.\\nObedience this time brought an excellent result\\nA soft glow of ineffable joy came over me, the\\nfever was gone, and I arose and dressed myself in a\\nnormal condition of health. Mother saw this and\\nwas glad. The physician marvelled and the horri-\\nble decree of Predestination as John Calvin rightly\\ncalled his own tenet forever lost its power over\\nme. 2\\nNotwithstanding her refusal to accept Calvin s doc-\\ntrine, the good pastor insisted that she had been\\ntruly regenerated and she was received into the\\ncommunion, of which she says\\nMy connection with this religious body was re-\\ntained till I founded a church of my own, built on\\nthe basis of Christian Science, Jesus Christ himself\\nbeing the chief corner stone. 2,\\n1 Under the caption, Voices not our own Retrospection and Intro-\\nspection, pp. 16-18).\\n2 Theological Reminiscences, Retrospection and Introspection, pp.\\n20-24.", "height": "5164", "width": "3224", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nIn telling of her Early Studies, 1 Mrs. Eddy accounts\\nfor her constant disregard of the once respected shade\\nof Lindley Murray\\nMy father was taught that my brain was too large\\nfor my body, and so kept me much out of school, but\\nI gained book-knowledge with far less labor than is\\nusually requisite. At ten years of age I was as\\nfamiliar with Lindley Murray s Grammar as I was\\nwith the Westminster Catechism and the latter I had\\nto repeat every Sunday. My favorite studies were\\nNatural Philosophy, Logic and Moral Science. To\\nmy brother Albert I was indebted for lessons in the\\nancient tongues, Hebrew, Greek and Latin. My\\nbrother studied Hebrew during his college vacations.\\nAfter my discovery of Christian Science, most of the\\nknowledge I had gleaned from school books vanished\\nlike a dream.\\nThis unfortunate effect of Mrs. Eddy s discovery,\\napparent on almost every page of her writings, ac-\\ncounts for her early defence of her system against\\nthe charge of Pantheism upon the assumption that\\nthe word Pantheism was derived from the sylvan\\nGod Pan, and also for her confusion of Gnosticism\\nwith Agnosticism. 2 These errors of mortal mind are\\nquite understandable when we consider that the\\nteacher, if she ever knew anything of history, reli-\\ngion, or philosophy, had forgotten all that she had\\nlearned from books.\\nMiss Mary Moss Baker in 1843 married Col. George\\nWashington Glover, of South Carolina, 3 of whom she\\nsays\\n1 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 19.\\n2 May Arena, p. 561.\\n3 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 24.", "height": "5155", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 43\\nHe was spared to me for only one brief year. He\\nwas in Wilmington, North Carolina, when the yellow\\nfever raged in that city, and was suddenly attacked by\\nthis insidious disease^ which in his case proved fatal. l\\nThis admission that insidious disease exists and\\ncan rage must be a slip of the pen. We are all\\naware now that Disease and Death are only errors\\nof mortal mind.\\nUpon Col. Glover s death, his widow returned to\\nNew England, where a child was born who, at the\\nage of four years, was sent away and not seen by her\\nagain until, at the age of thirty-four, he visited her in\\nBoston. Upon their separation she wrote the poem\\nMother s Darling, of which she gives us only one\\nverse\\nThy smile through tears,, as sunshine o er the sea,\\nAwoke new beauty in the surge s roll\\nOh, life is dead, bereft of all, with thee,\\nStar of my earthly hope, babe of my soul. 2\\nMrs. Mary Moss Baker Glover contracted second\\nnuptials with a gentleman whose name does not ap-\\npear in Eetrospection and Introspection, although\\nthe event is thus referred to\\nMy second marriage was very unfortunate, and\\nfrom it I was compelled to ask for a bill of divorce,\\nwhich was granted me in the city of Salem, Massachu-\\nsetts. My dominant thought in marrying again was\\nto get back my child. The disappointment which fol-\\nlowed was terrible. His stepfather was envious and\\nalthough George was a tender-hearted and manly boy,\\nhe hated him as much as I loved him. 3\\nAdherence to Mr. Murray s forgotten rules might\\n1 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 24.\\n2 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 26.\\n3 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 27.", "height": "5179", "width": "3235", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nhave made clearer who hated whom and it is cer-\\ntainly unfortunate that anybody hated any one; for\\nhate, we are taught, is, like fear, a cause or form of\\ndisease. It appears, however, from a letter of the\\nlady who is now Mrs. Eddy, written on March 7,\\n1883, to the Boston Post and quoted by Mr. Dresser 1\\nthat this second consort was Dr. Patterson, a distin-\\nguished dentist who, while his wife was away from\\nhome, undergoing Mr. Quimby s treatment, eloped\\nwith a married woman from one of the wealthiest\\nfamilies. The distinction of the doctor and the\\nwealth of the erring lady might seem to have been\\nmentioned as softening the blow, were it not that, in\\nreality, there was no blow to soften, as transpires\\nfrom these words of the apparently deserted wife\\nIt is well to know, dear reader, that this bit of\\nmaterial history is but the record of dreams, not of\\nreal existence, and the dream has no place in Chris-\\ntian Science. It is as a tale that is told, and as the\\nshadow when it declineth. 2\\nNotwithstanding\u00e2\u0080\u0094 perhaps, indeed on account of\\nthis unreality of marriage, Mrs. Mary Moss Baker.\\nGlover-Patterson, thirty-four years after her first al-\\nliance, and when somewhere about sixty years of age,\\nas nearly as we can compute, entered upon a third, of\\nwhich she says under the caption, A True Man 3\\nMy last marriage was with Asa Gilbert Eddy, and\\nwas a blessed and spiritual union, solemnized at Lynn,\\nMassachusetts, by the Rev. Samuel Barrett Stewart, in\\nthe year 1877. Dr. Eddy was the first student to\\n1 May Arena p. 545.\\n2 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 27.\\n3 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 54.", "height": "5170", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 45\\npublicly announce himself a Christian Scientist, and\\nplace these symbolic words on his office sign. He\\nforsook all to follow in this line of light. He was the\\nfirst organizer of a Christian Science Sunday-school,\\nwhich he superintended. He also taught a special\\nBible-class and he lectured so ably on Scriptural\\ntopics that even ministers listened to him with mingled\\nsurprise and approbation. He was remarkably suc-\\ncessful in Mind-healing, and untiring in his chosen\\nwork. In 1882 he passed away, with a smile of peace\\nand love resting on his serene countenance. l\\nTo our natural instinct, this dealing with a lady s re-\\npeated dreams is distasteful. We lack sympathy with\\nthe common desire to pry into love affairs of the great.\\nBut when philosophers like Jean Jacques and Mrs.\\nEddy insist on taking us behind the veil, there is nothing\\nfor it but to drop our sandals and trot along. Indeed,\\nunless we yielded our scruples in the present case, we\\nshould by excess of delicacy lose the nexus and be\\nplunged into obscurity. This is Mrs. Eddy s avowed\\nreason for relating these three dreams and shadows\\nthat declined\\n1 It is said in the May Arena (p. 563) The physician who con-\\nducted the autopsy says that the death was the result of distinctly de-\\nveloped heart disease but Mrs. Eddy declared that it was the result of\\narsenical poisoning mentally ad?7iinistered f However that may be, it is\\ntrue that Christian Science did not save Mr. Eddy, although, if we may\\nbelieve these words of his wife, it would have saved her. When the\\nmental malpractice of poisoning people was first undertaken by a mesmer-\\nist, to test that malpractice, I experimented by taking some large doses of\\nmorphine, to see if Christian Science could not obviate its effect and I\\nsay with tearful thanks, The drug has no effect upon me whatever. The\\nhour has struck, If they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them.\\nMiscellaneous Writings, topic Falsehood, p. 249. This surpasses\\nCagliostro s challenge to the Empress Catherine s physician, who de-\\nnounced him as a quack and his elixir as a humbug. Prepare, said\\nCagliostro, the most deadly poisons of which you know and I will do the\\nsame. I will take your poison and then swallow a dose of my antidote.\\nYou shall take mine and save yourself as best you can.", "height": "5176", "width": "3225", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46 CHRISTIAN SCIEKCE.\\nMere historic incidents and personal events are\\nfrivolons and of no moment, unless they illustrate the\\nethics of Truth. To this end, but only to this end,\\nsuch narrations may be admissible and advisable but\\nif spiritual conclusions are separated from their prem-\\nises, the nexus is lost, and the argument, with its\\nrightful conclusions, becomes correspondingly ob-\\nscure. l\\nIn view of her concrete experiences, Mrs. Eddy s\\nopinions upon marriage in the abstract become inter-\\nesting. In reply to the question, What do you think\\nof marriage she answers\\nThat it is often convenient, sometimes pleasant,\\nand occasionally a love affair. Marriage is susceptible\\nof many definitions. It sometimes presents the most\\nwretched condition of human existence. To be nor-\\nmal it must be a union of the affections that tends to\\nlift mortals higher. 2\\nThat her so-called science does not fully accord\\nwith the prevalent views of decent men she admits by\\nreplying in this manner to the question Is marriage\\nnearer right than celibacy\\nHuman knowledge inculcates that it is, while Sci-\\nence indicates that it is not. But to force the con-\\nsciousness of scientific being before it is understood is\\nimpossible, and believing otherwise would prevent\\nscientific demonstration.\\nEights that are bargained away must not be re-\\ntaken by the contractors, except by mutual consent.\\nHuman nature has bestowed on a wife the right to be-\\ncome a mother but if the wife esteems not this priv-\\nilege, by mutual consent, exalted and increased affec-\\ntions, she may win a higher. Science touches the\\n1 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 28.\\nMiscellaneous Writings, p. 52.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 47\\nconjugal question on the basis of a bill of rights. Can\\nthe bill of Conjugal Rights be fairly stated by a magis-\\ntrate or by a minister l\\nThe abolition of marriage she seems to consider pos-\\nsible, if not desirable, although not now practicable.\\nTo abolish marriage at this period, and maintain\\nmorality and generation, would put ingenuity to\\nludicrous shifts, yet this is possible in Science, al-\\nthough it is to-day problematic 2\\nQuitting gladly these recitals of personal events,\\nthat have given us the nexus we may turn to Mrs.\\nEddy s account of her priceless discovery that the\\nstudy of Anatomy, Physiology and every branch of\\nMedical Science, the practice of Medicine, according to\\nany School, or of Animal Magnetism, Movement Cure,\\nClairvoyance, Mind Cure and Faith Cure, even the\\ntaking of exercise and observance of hygienic rules,\\nare all wrong and harmful, Christian Science being the\\nsole curative. 3 She savs\\nThis discovery was so new, the basis it laid\\ndown for physical and moral health was so hopelessly\\noriginal, and men were so unfamiliar with the sub-\\nject, that I did not venture upon its publication until\\nlater.\\nBut eventually she published her first book, The\\nScience of Man, and she tells us that when people\\nwere healed by simply reading it, the copyright was\\ninfringed. I entered a suit at law and my copyright\\nwas protected. 4\\nHere we see that Mrs. Eddy s Key to the Scrip-\\n1 Miscellaneous Writings, pp. 288, 289.\\n2 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 286.\\n3 See p. 23 for citations upon this point.\\nFirst Publications, Retrospection and Introspection, p. 47.", "height": "5190", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\ntures does not interpret literally the command,\\nGive to him that asketh thee, and from him that\\nwould borrow of thee turn not thou away or the\\nother, And if any man will sue thee at the law and\\ntake away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also.\\nShe vociferously cries copyright, copyright, lest\\nher students or the Quimbyites nest, Bathylluslike,\\nwhere she has builded. Fear is disease yet in terror\\nlest her own disciples filch her discovery, she sets up\\nthis scarecrow on her literary domain.\\nIf you should print and publish your copy of my\\nworks you would be liable to arrest for infringement of\\ncopyright, which the law defines, and punishes as theft\\nYour manuscript copy is liable, in some way,\\nto be printed as your original writings, thus incurring\\nthe penalty of the law, and increasing the record of\\ntheft in the United States Circuit Court.\\nThus, while claiming supernatural knowledge of\\nGod s laws, Mrs. Eddy, to protect her pocketbook,\\ngrossly misstates the law of the land, under which in-\\nfringement of copyright is not theft or punishable as\\ncrime.\\nIt was high time for some one to discover Mrs.\\nEddy s discovery for she says with that modesty of\\nwhich we are in quest\\nEven the Scripture gave no direct interpretation\\nof the Scientific basis for demonstrating the spiritual\\nPrinciple of healing, until our Heavenly Father saw\\nfit, through the Key to the Scriptures, in 4 Science\\nand Health, to unlock this mystery of godliness. 2\\n1 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 300. See also Retrospection and In-\\ntrospection, under the titles The Precious Volume, pp. 49-51, and\\nPlagiarism, p. 93.\\n2 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 51.", "height": "5162", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 49\\nThis fear lest her copyright be infringed constantly\\nhaunts Mrs. Eddy. As late as June 4, 1899, in her\\naddress to the First Church at its annual communion,\\nshe says u All published quotations from my works\\nmust have the author s name added to them quota-\\ntion marks are not sufficient. Borrowing from my\\ncopyrighted works without credit is inadmissible.\\nUnless she had found the key to this mystery no one\\nelse could have done so\\nIt is often asked why Christian Science was re-\\nvealed to me as one Intelligence analyzing, uncover-\\ning, and annihilating the false testimony of the phys-\\nical senses. No one else can drain the cup\\nwhich I have drunk to the dregs, as the discoverer and\\nteacher of Christian Science neither can its inspira-\\ntion be gained without tasting the cup. 2\\nP. P. Quimby in particular, Mrs. Eddy says, could\\nnot have originated her system because\\nNo mortal could first have informed the human\\nmind of what the mortal and carnal cannot discern. 3\\nThat is to say, Mr. Quimby being mortal and carnal\\nnever could have discovered what Mrs. Eddy found\\nout because of her immortality and uncarnality. But\\nfrom this position, when it suits her purpose, she turns\\nwith intelligent ease, and claims for herself health\\nand other carnal attributes. Thus answering allega-\\ntions that she was sick, and unable to speak a loud\\nword, Mrs. Eddy says\\nLecturing, writing, preaching, teaching, etc., give\\n1 New York Times, June 5, 1899, anc other journals of the time.\\n2 Retrospection and Introspection, pp. 38, 39.\\n3 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 44.", "height": "5177", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nfair proof that my shadow is not growing less and sub-\\nstance is taking larger proportions. l\\nThis boast puts her in a parlous state under her\\nown definitions\\nThe physical senses or sensuous nature I called\\nerror and shadow. Soul I denominated substance be-\\ncause soul alone is truly substantial. 2\\nHaving discovered Christian Science, it next became\\nnecessary to exploit the discovery and Mrs. Eddy went\\nabout the task systematically.\\nIn 1867 I introduced the first purely metaphysical\\nsystem of healing since the Apostolic days. I begun\\nby teaching one student Christian Science Mind-heal-\\ning. From this seed grew the Massachusetts Meta-\\nphysical College in Boston, chartered in 1881. No\\ncharter was granted for similar purposes af *ter 1883.\\nIt is the only College hitherto for teaching the pa-\\nthology of spiritual power, alias the Science of Mind-\\nhealing. 3\\nShe does not recite her charter or its purpose and\\nwhat she omits to say is often more significant than\\nwhat she says. But the records of the Commonwealth\\ncontain the instrument, which does not mention either\\nChristian Science or any new discovery, but simply\\nincorporates a College for the purpose of teaching\\npathology, ontology, therapeutics, moral science, meta-\\nphysics and their adaptation to the treatment of dis-\\nease. This charter 4 was granted under an Act con-\\ncerning Associations for Eeligious, Charitable, Educa-\\n1 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 238.\\n2 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 90.\\n3 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 55.\\n4 See frontispiece.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 51\\ntional and other purposes, 1 under which were organ-\\nized four other colleges mentioned in the Fifth Annual\\nEeport of the Illinois Board of Health 2 as fraudulent.\\nThis Act was subsequently merged into Chapter 115\\nof the Public Statutes. Owing to the shameless\\nmanufacture and sale of diplomas, the so-called anti-\\ndiploma law was enacted in 1883, 3 prohibiting so-\\ncieties organized for medical purposes under that stat-\\nute from conferring degrees or issuing diplomas, unless\\nspecially authorized by the Legislature so to do. Con-\\nferment of degrees in violation of this law was made\\npunishable by a fine of not less than $500 nor more\\nthan $1,000 and here would seem to be sufficient ex-\\nplanation of the facts that no charter was granted\\nfor similar purposes after 1883, and that Mrs. Eddy\\ncame in the end, as we shall see presently, to enter-\\ntain conscientious scruples about diplomas.\\nMrs. Eddy s institution, if we may believe her,\\nprospered marvellously. Its course was short, its\\nfaculty small, its tuition fees greater than those of\\nHarvard, Yale or Columbia. Its instruction was con-\\ntained in one text-book. Its classes were only three\\nin number, the primary, the normal and the obstetric.\\nMrs. Eddy seems to have taught them all and why\\nnot, since one principle applies to all cases, whether\\nof fevers, wounds, difficult labors or any other forms\\nof error in mortal mind So far as appears from\\nEetrospection and Introspection, the only other\\n1 Ch. 375, Acts 1874; embodied later in Ch. 115, Public Statutes.\\n2 Excelsior, Bellevue, Medical Department of American University of\\nBoston, First Medical College of American Health Society.\\n3 Act June 30, 1883. Dr. Booth in 1893 was sent to prison for selling\\nin New York the Excelsior s diplomas.", "height": "5179", "width": "3235", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nteachers were her last husband, Asa G. Eddy, who\\ntaught two terms, her adopted son, Ebenezer J. Foster\\nEddy, 1 who taught one term, and a military gentle-\\nman, of whom she says\\nGeneral Erastus 1ST. Bates taught one primary\\nclass in 1889, after which I judged it best to close the\\ninstitution. 2\\nIt made no particular difference in what class stu-\\ndents studied. The primary instruction was all suffi-\\ncient, and even that was unnecessary for Mrs. Eddy\\nexpressly says\\nA Primary class student richly imbued with the\\nspirit of Christ, is a better healer and teacher than a\\nformal class student who partakes less of his love.\\nHaving received my instructions in the Primary class\\nand afterward studied thoroughly Science and Health\\nthe student should not hesitate to enter upon this priv-\\nileged Gospel work, and so fulfil the command of\\nChrist. Yea, an apt Bible scholar and a consecrated\\nChristian by deeply dipping into my last revised\\nScience and Health? may even enter this field of\\nlabor without any personal instruction,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 heneficially\\nto himself and the race. 3\\nThe curriculum consisted of only twelve lessons,\\nlasting half a day each and extending over three\\nweeks. The tuition fee was three hundred dollars.\\nMrs. Eddy admits that she was staggered when this\\nsum suggested itself to her. But God, notwithstand-\\ning her unselfishness, led her to try the experiment\\nand it succeeded. We are not burlesquing; that is\\n1 This gentleman, according to the Arena^ has renounced both Mrs.\\nEddy s name and her nonsense.\\n2 College and Church, Retrospection and Introspection, p. 55.\\n3 College Closed, Retrospection and Introspection, p. 60, 6i,", "height": "5179", "width": "3330", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 53\\nimpossible; her own words fairly travesty bur-\\nlesque.\\nWhen God impelled me to set a price on my in-\\nstruction in Christian Science Mind-healing, I could\\nthink of no financial equivalent for an impartation of\\na knowledge of that divine power which heals but I\\nwas led to name three hundred dollars as the price for\\neach pupil in one course of lessons at my college, a\\nstartling sum for tuition lasting barely three weeks.\\nThis amount greatly troubled me. I shrank from\\nasking it, but was finally led, by a strange Providence,\\nto accept this fee.\\nGod has since shown me, in multitudinous ways,\\nthe wisdom of this decision and I beg disinterested\\npeople to ask my loyal students if they consider three\\nhundred dollars any real equivalent for my instruc-\\ntion during twelve half days or even in half as many\\nlessons. Nevertheless, my list of indigent charity\\nscholars is very large, and I have had as many as\\nseventeen in one class. x\\nWhy should her students have grumbled at the\\nprice Keputable medical colleges require their stu-\\ndents to study for years before conferring degrees\\nupon them. They also require of them, before ad-\\nmission, preliminary education. Most of the States\\nforbid unlicensed persons to practice medicine, and\\nsome exact a State examination of medical graduates\\nas prerequisite to license. But here was a school pre-\\ntending to teach, under the guise of religion, an in-\\nfallible method of cure to any one able to read a\\nsingle book of nonsense. The head of the college,\\nhaving avowed that, by the very operation of her new\\ndiscovery, she had forgotten what little she had\\nRetrospection and Introspection, p. 64.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54\\nCHKISTIAltf SCIENCE.\\nlearned from books, naturally required no preliminary\\neducation of her disciples. On the contrary, she ex-\\npressly discouraged it, as appears from this question\\nand answer\\nWhat can prospective students of the College take\\nfor preliminary studies Do you regard the study of\\nliterature and languages as objectionable\\nPersons contemplating a course at the Massachu-\\nsetts Metaphysical College, can prepare for it through\\nno books except the Bible and Science and Health\\nwith Key to the Scriptures. Man-made theories are\\nnarrow, else extravagant, and always materialistic.\\nAgain she says\\nI recommend students not to read so-called scien-\\ntific works, antagonistic to Christian Science, which\\nadvocate materialistic systems because such works\\nand words becloud the right sense of Metaphysical\\nScience. 2\\nHaving thus impressed the duty of ignorance upon\\nher disciples, she dubbed them, within three weeks or\\nless, in consideration of the fee of $300, doctors of\\nChristian Science, and bade them treat all diseases.\\nThe price was cheap enough. Buchanan s notorious\\ncollege offered no easier terms and it was not strange if\\nher institution prospered but Mrs. Eddy probably does\\nnot underestimate its prosperity when she says that\\njust before its dissolution, 300 students were clamor-\\ning for admission. Assume this to be true, then, at\\n$300 each, these students would have paid $90,000\\nfor twelve half-days instruction, or $7,500 a half-day\\nWhy was this Golconda closed From unselfishness\\nand conscientious scruples about diplomas\\n1 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 64.\\n3 Admonition, Retrospection and Introspection, p. 96,", "height": "5179", "width": "3344", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 55\\nThe apprehension of what has been, and must be,\\nthe final outcome of material organization, which\\nwars with Love s spiritual compact, caused me to\\ndread the unprecedented popularity of my College.\\nStudents from all over our Continent and from Eu-\\nrope were flooding the school. At this time there\\nwere over three hundred applications from students\\ndesiring to enter the college, and applicants were rap-\\nidly increasing. Example had shown the dangers\\narising from being placed on earthly pinnacles. Even\\ngoodness shuns whatever involves material means for\\nthe promotion of spiritual ends.\\nIn view of all this, a meeting was called of the\\nBoard of Directors of my college, who, being informed\\nof my intention, unanimously voted that the school be\\ndiscontinued.\\nThe Massachusetts Metaphysical College drew its\\nbreath from me, but I was yearning for retirement.\\nThe question was, Who else could sustain this institute,\\nunder all that was aimed at its vital purpose, the\\nestablishment of genuine Christian Science Healing.\\nMy conscientious scruples about diplomas, the recent\\nexperience of the church fresh in my thoughts, and\\nthe growing conviction that every one should build\\non his own foundation, subject to the one builder and\\nmaker, God, all these considerations moved me to\\nclose my flourishing school. 1\\nDoes not this explanation over-tax credulity Was\\nany other college ever closed because of its unprec-\\nedented popularity Was it the anti-diploma law\\nthat was aimed at its vital purpose Why is it,\\ntoo, that notwithstanding these conscientious scruples\\nabout diplomas a great number of persons, male and\\nfemale, still tack to their names the symbolic letters\\n0. S. and C. S. D. recently acquired upon what\\ni Retrospection and Introspection, pp. 60, 61.", "height": "5152", "width": "3240", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nauthority it is hard to say, unless it be the right of any\\nfree-born citizen, in the absence of prohibitory legisla-\\ntion, to assume any title that strikes the fancy and\\nappropriate all the symbolic letters of the alpha-\\nbet Having thus fully equipped her pupils, Mrs.\\nEddy encouraged them to settle down in great cities,\\nnot alone for the glory of God, but for this practical\\nreason\\nThe population of our principal cities is ample to\\nsupply many practitioners, teachers and preachers\\nwith work.\\nAnd in order that they might enter this field of\\nlabor beneficially to themselves, the shrewd Mother\\nthus taught\\nChristian Science demonstrates that the patient\\nwho pays whatever he is able to pay for being healed is\\nmore apt to recover than he who withholds a slight equiv-\\nalent/or health 2\\nAnd yet these people deny in Court, when arraigned\\nfor unlawful practice of medicine and manslaughter,\\nthat they demand fees for their services\\nWhen was so sordid a doctrine ever preached by\\nmedical men? What standing would a physician\\nhave who should teach that the cure depends upon\\nthe fee? Is this preachment inspired by God or\\nMammon, by Unselfishness or Greed Whatever its\\ninspiration, it has been so well lived up to that its\\ndiscoverer proudly exclaims\\nIn the early history of Christian Science, among\\nmy thousands of students few were wealthy. Now\\n1 Admonition, Retrospection and Introspection, p, 102.\\n8 Miscellaneous Writings, pp. 300, 301.", "height": "5174", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 57\\nChristian Scientists are not indigent and their com-\\nfortable fortunes are acquired by healing mankind,\\nmorally, physically, spiritually l\\nWith one or two more quotations to illustrate the\\ndivine elegance and grace, of which Mr. Norton\\nspeaks, and the method by which the new system of\\nhealing is advertised, we may leave behind us very\\ncheerfully Mrs. Eddy and all her works. The Mis-\\ncellaneous Writings are made up in about equal pro-\\nportions of answers to questions, letters and essays,\\ndoggerel rhymes and advertising certificates one or\\ntwo excerpts will illustrate the author s facility in\\neach department of her work. To one who asks\\nHas Mrs. Eddy lost her power to heal she replies\\nmodestly\\nHas the sun forgotten to shine and the planets to\\nrevolve around it Who is it that discovered, dem-\\nonstrated and teaches Christian Science That one,\\nwhoever it be, does understand something of what\\ncannot be lost. 2\\nTo the pertinent question How does Mrs. Eddy\\nknow that she has read and studied correctly if one\\nmust deny the evidences of the senses she had to use\\nher eyes to read She answers\\nHaving eyes ye see not I read the inspired page\\nthrough a higher than mortal sense. As matter, the\\neye cannot see and as mortal mind it is a belief that\\nsees. I may read the Scriptures through a belief of\\neyesight, but I must spiritually understand them to\\ninterpret their science. 3\\n1 Preface to Miscellaneous Writings, p. vii.\\n2 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 54.\\n9 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 58.", "height": "5163", "width": "3236", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nComment upon this would gild refined gold.\\nAnother answer we quote with hesitation, and only\\nbecause it is thoroughly typical. We fear that ordi-\\nnary mortal minds will find it not divinely graceful\\nand elegant but rather vulgar and grossly irreverent,\\noffensive to good taste and shocking to piety.\\n-Are both prayer and drugs necessary to heal\\nsays the interlocutor, and Mrs. Eddy replies It is\\ndifficult to say how much one can do for himself,\\nwhose faith is divided between Catnip and Christ but\\nnot so difficult to know that if he were to serve one\\nmaster he could do vastly more. 1\\nMrs. Eddy s rhetorical flowers are of the gayest,\\nand would have delighted Mrs. Malaprop. One of\\nthe most hopelessly original occurs in a warning\\nagainst Animal Magnetism, the specialty of P. P.\\nQuimby, but now considered by Mrs. Eddy, his late\\npatient, to be the chief delusion, of which the\\nhonest Christian Scientist must rid himself before\\nhe can heal\\nFor it is a Delilah who would lead him into the\\ntoils of the enemy, where Cerberus (the apt symbol of\\nAnimal Magnetism) waits to devour the self -deceived. 2\\nAgainst Delilah and Cerberus thus conspiring, one\\nwould be justified in combining with an allegory\\nfrom the banks of the Mle. She delights in original\\nmartial similes, possibly from association with Gen.\\nErastus jST. Bates. Thus she says\\nAs the pioneer of Christian Science I stood alone\\nin this conflict, endeavoring to smite error with the\\nMiscellaneous Writings, pp. 51, 52.\\n2 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 73,", "height": "5147", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 59\\nfalchion of Truth. The rare bequests of Christian\\nScience are costly, and they have won fields of battle\\nfrom which the dainty borrower would have fled. 1\\nThis enlistment of bequests in active service is\\nmore novel than Christian Science itself. In view of\\ntheir cost and courage they seem to be a sort of Hes-\\nsians. Again she writes\\nWith armor on, I continue the march, command\\nand counter-command, meanwhile interluding with\\nloving thought this afterpiece of battle. Supported,\\ncheered, I take my pen and pruning- book, to learn\\nwar no more, and with strong wing to lift my readers\\nabove the smoke of conflict into light and liberty. 2\\nWhy should she persist in marching, fully armed,\\ncommanding and counter-commanding with intelli-\\ngent ease, if the battle is over If it is still on, why\\ninterlude its afterpiece, grasp pen and pruning-hook\\nand, at the same time, lift readers on a strong wing\\nIt is all sadly puzzling.\\nCriticism of Mrs. Eddy s poetry we shall not again\\nventure upon. The March Review timidly suggested\\nthat, in rhyming debris with un weary, ween\\nwith dream, now thus with hails us, and\\ndeep with complete, 3 the gifted author, while\\nshowing great boldness and originality, had departed\\nfrom ordinary rhyming conventions. But this posi-\\ntion was demolished by a shot from the Christian\\nScience Sentinel, of April 20th, 1899.\\nHis condemnations are exactly like those usually\\napplied to Browning in regard to rhyme and meaning,\\n1 Retrospection and Introspection, p. 38.\\n2 Preface to Miscellaneous Writings, p. x.\\n3 See page 18.", "height": "5172", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "60 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nbut no mother will find fault with the following coup-\\nlet from The Mother s Evening Prayer\\nThou love that guards the nestling s faltering flight!\\nKeep thou my child on upward wing to-night.\\nWe frankly admit that no mother would find fault\\nwith that couplet unless she knew how to parse sim-\\nple English sentences and we despair of answering\\nthe argument that because Browning nods doggerel is\\npoetry.\\nBut however obscure Mrs. Eddy may be in her\\npoetry and controversial writings, she adopts, in that\\npart of Miscellaneous Writings devoted to adver-\\ntising her business, a clear style so remarkably like\\nthat of another famous lady of Lynn that it has caused\\nher to be called the Lydia Pinkham of the Soul.\\nThe certificates of cures about to be quoted are in-\\ncluded in Mrs. Eddy s copyrighted works and we\\nassume this to indicate authorship, for one as scrupu-\\nlous as she on this point would scarcely copyright the\\nproductions of others. l\\nJ. B. H. writes\\nI am glad to tell you how I was healed. Beliefs\\nof consumption, dyspepsia, neuralgia, piles, tobacco,\\n1 Since this paper s first appearance, Mr. F. W. Peabody of Boston, has\\ncalled attention to certain dates, as evidence that Mrs. Eddy s testimonials\\nare not always written by their ostensible signers at the times alleged.\\nThe March Review mentioned the cure by that lady, one afternoon, of a\\nlong-standing bowel complaint, in a baby eighteen months old, which ate\\nheartily of cabbage that night before retiring. The certificate of this feat\\nappears on page 200 of Science and Health, edition of 1887. (See page\\n27.) It is signed L. C. Edgecomb, is dated Lynn, June, 1873, and\\nattributes the cure to Mrs. Eddy eo nomine. But in 1873 Mother was,\\npresumably, named Patterson. She does not pretend to have married\\nMr. Eddy until 1877. Is. this discrepancy of dates due to lapse of memory\\non the part of the person in charge of the certificate department, or was\\nL. C. Edgecomb s gift of prophecy as remarkable as the Edgecomb baby s\\ndigestive apparatus", "height": "5167", "width": "3367", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 61\\nand bad language held me in bondage for many years.\\nDoctors that were consulted did nothing to relieve me,\\nand 1 constantly grew worse. Nearly two years ago\\na lady told me that if I would read a book called\\nScience and Health with Key to the Scriptures, I\\nw r ould be healed. I told her I would go into it for\\nall it was worth, and I have found that it is worth\\nall. I got the book, and read day and night I saw\\nthat it must be true, and believed that what I could\\nnot then understand would be made clear later.\\nAfter some days reading I was affected with\\ndrowsiness followed by vomiting. This lasted several\\nhours; when I fell into a sleep, and awoke healed. l\\nHere is a letter bubbling with unconscious humor.\\nIt purports to come from a gentleman who owes his\\nlife to Mrs. Eddy s book, yet fears to imperil his health\\nby visiting the author.\\nDear Madam May I thank you for your book, Science and Health\\nwith Key to the Scriptures, and say how much I owe to it almost my\\nvery life at a most critical time.\\nIf it were not for the heat of your American summers (I had nine at-\\ntacks of dysentery in the last one), and the expense, I should dearly like\\nto learn from you personally but I must forego this, at any rate, for the\\npresent. If you would write me what the cost would be for a course on\\nDivine Metaphysics, I would try to manage it later on.\\nMeanwhile, I should be grateful if you would refer me to any one in\\nthis country who is interested similarly, for I get more kicks than half-\\npence in discussing it.\\nYour obliged friend,\\n(Rev.) I. G. W. Bishop.\\nBovington Vicarage,\\nHemel Hempstead, Herts, England. 2\\nK. L. H. recites this remarkable and instantaneous\\ncure of a child by a few pages of Science and\\nHealth.\\nA dear little six-year-old boy of my acquaintance\\nwas invited by his teacher, with the rest of his class\\n1 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 405.\\n8 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 408.", "height": "5179", "width": "3234", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62\\nCHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nin Kindergarten School, to attend a picnic one after-\\nnoon. He did not feel that he wanted to go seemed\\ndumpish, and, according to mortal belief, was not\\nwell at noon, he said he wanted to go to sleep.\\nHis mother took him in her lap and began to read\\nto him from Science and Health, with Key to the\\nScriptures. Very soon he expressed a wish to go to\\nthe picnic and did go L\\nWe have thus given overabundantly and tediously,\\nperhaps, sufficient citations in Mrs. Eddy s own words\\nto enable any intelligent person to judge whether he\\nis willing to accept her intellectual and spiritual lead-\\nership, and to believe that God waited nineteen hun-\\ndred years for her to illuminate, by such jargon as\\nScience and Health, the teachings of Christ, which,\\nshe bluntly says, could not have been apprehended\\nfrom the Scriptures alone prior to the publication of\\nher Key. It is with a sense of intellectual humilia-\\ntion that we have dealt with these dreary and vulgar\\nbanalities. The excuse for so doing is found, however,\\nin such incidents as occurred in the City of ]STew York\\non Sunday, the 28th day of May of this year, 1899,\\nwhen the Metropolitan Opera House was filled with\\nan audience, certainly of average intelligence, to hear\\nthe lecturer already referred to, Mr. Carol Norton, in-\\ntroduced by a gentleman holding judicial office in the\\nState, who declared that legislation directed against\\nChristian Science would infringe upon the constitu-\\ntional right to religious liberty. While a great num-\\nber in that audience were animated by mere curiosity,\\nundoubtedly many accepted in good faith Mrs. Eddy s\\nclaim to have discovered a new religious truth capable\\n1 Miscellaneous Writings, p. 444.", "height": "5172", "width": "3345", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 63\\nof healing disease in marvellous fashion. It is because\\nwe cannot bring ourselves to believe that such per-\\nsons appreciate the character of their teacher or the\\nnature of her pretences that we have been willing\\nto reproduce her own account of her life and her\\nmethods.\\nWith those who can accept as divinely inspired the\\nabsurdities, solecisms and incoherencies of Mrs. Eddy,\\nand who think to explain them by saying that ob-\\nscurities and errors are to be found in works of the\\ngreat writers, there can be no argument. Intelligent\\nease in shifting premises precludes discussion. How\\ncould the Bishop argue with the genial madman who,\\nafter introducing himself as George Washington, said\\na few moments later that he was Napoleon Bonaparte\\nBut, said the Bishop, a moment ago you were Wash-\\nington. So I was, said the bedlamite with in-\\ntelligent ease, but by another mother. It is en-\\ntirely possible, however, to state the case against this\\npseudo philosophy convincingly to those who are in-\\nterested in it because of its alleged miraculous cures.\\nFirst. As a mere religious or philosophic theory,\\nChristian Science never would have had any vogue.\\nIts fascination lies in its pretended cures. No one\\nsuggests taking action to restrain it as a form of wor-\\nship. The most that has been suggested in regard to\\nit has been that its ignorant votaries should not be al-\\nlowed to trifle with the life and health of adults, chil-\\ndren and the entire community, by assuming the treat-\\nment of all classes of disease, including surgical cases\\nand contagious and infectious maladies. To say it is in-\\nfringement of religious liberty to require the same skill", "height": "5179", "width": "3245", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64 CHEISTIAK SCIENCE.\\nand knowledge of Christian Scientists, engaging in the\\nbusiness of curing the sick for hire, as is required of\\nPresbyterians or Catholics in the same business shows\\nignorance of the constitutional doctrine of the Mor-\\nmon cases, or carelessness of statement, or such wil-\\nful misstatement as Mrs. Eddy personally was guilty\\nof when she said that infringement of copyright is\\ntheft, punishable criminally.\\nSecond. Christian Science has no healing power\\npeculiar to itself, as distinguished from faith cure or\\nany other method of diverting the mind from the ills\\nof the body. If it had such divine power, its applica-\\ntion would be universal it would be effective in sur-\\ngery as in physic. Mrs. Eddy pretends that this uni-\\nversal applicability exists but, in admitting that for\\nthe present it is better to leave the adjustment, of\\nbroken bones and dislocations to the fingers of sur-\\ngeons, l she confesses the falsity of her treatment and\\nthe impotence of her method. Mr. Norton has re-\\ncently shown the same lack of faith and of ability to\\nmatch promise with performance. Having offered to\\ngive medical proof of cures of cancer, locomotor\\nataxia, etc., he was asked to name the diagnostician\\nand describe the treatment, the precautions to exclude\\nother factors of cure, and the patients present condi-\\ntion. He produced in fact no testimony of evidential\\nforce to trained minds, but only certificates of Christian\\nScientists similar in kind and value to the puffs\\nabove quoted from Miscellaneous Writings. He\\nwas asked how he would treat these cases of emer-\\ngency a cranial wound caused by a falling brick\\nPage 28.", "height": "5168", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHKISTIAN SCIENCE. 65\\nstrangulation of a child from swallowing a fish bone\\nexposure of a child to confluent smallpox severing\\nof a child s artery by a cable car accident fracture\\nof a baby s skull by a fall. He was also asked if in\\ncuring cancers he made differential diagnosis between\\nthem, boils, carbuncles, etc. Lest he be misquoted\\nhis written words are given\\nI make no diagnosis except along the lines of con-\\nsistent mental therapeutics. An expert in mental\\ntherapeutics will naturally know the character of this\\ndiagnosis. Discord is discord. Pain is pain. Dis-\\nease is disease. The principle that cures one if rightly\\napplied, will citre all. This is the beginning and end\\nof rational mental healing. In relation to mental\\ntreatment for a severed artery, I said simply that 1 Re-\\nlieved- the proper application of Mind power would do\\nthe same work, if not better, than any other method.\\nI beg that you quote me correctly, if you ever quote\\nme, and I most thoroughly disagree with the under-\\nstanding you got about diagnosis. In reply to the\\nlist of questions that you wrote to me in a recent let-\\nter, I have but to repeat my recent utterances in a\\nletter to you, that I prefer to shelve them, because to\\nanswer them would bring about wholly indifferent re-\\nsults.\\nThe italics are his and ours. To say that Christian\\nScience is efficacious if rightly or properly applied\\nleaves open a wide door. To shelve the other ques-\\ntions confesses inability to answer them without mak-\\ning fatal admissions. To say Pain is pain. Disease\\nis disease flatly contradicts Mrs. Eddy. 1\\n1 The correspondence is more fully set out in a letter to the New York\\nSun published on June 9, 1899, an d appearing here in the appendix,\\n(pps. 165, 182). Mr. Norton has never, to the writer s knowledge, denied\\nthe fairness or traversed the accuracy of its statements.", "height": "5176", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "66 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nThird. Why is it then that Christian Science is\\ncredited with these marvellous cures, if its foremost\\nprofessors cannot adduce any better proofs of them\\nthan are afforded by certificates no better in manner\\nand degree than those accompanying every quack\\nnostrum that is advertised. The explanation is\\nsimple. In perhaps the majority of cases to which\\nphysicians are called, nothing more is needed than\\nregimen and the mental stimulus that comes to the\\npatient with knowledge that he is under skilled care.\\nIf a physician falls ill, he calls another to attend him,\\nchiefly for the sake of this mental stimulus and to\\neliminate the personal factor. Drugs and surgical\\nappliances may be needed in only a small proportion of\\ncases but, like a revolver in Texas, they are needed\\ngreatly when the occasion arises. Many diseases are\\nself limited, many are feigned, or due to a fixed idea\\nwhich may operate even in surgery, as when a pa-\\ntient, under the erroneous impression that his leg is\\nbroken, unconsciously inhibits muscular action and is\\nunable to put foot to the ground, until dispossessed of\\nthe inhibitory idea by mechanical devices or any\\nmethod, even Christian Science, changing the mental\\nattitude. In all such cases, whatever removes the\\nmental tension may be beneficial. Many patients\\nwould get well without any attendance at all. To\\ntake an illustration: Child-birth, in which Christian\\nScientists profess great success, is not a disease, but\\nthe operation of a normal function. In the absence\\nof complications, attendance is not necessary although\\nit may be desirable. But in the presence of certain\\ncomplications, the very highest skill is necessary to", "height": "5178", "width": "3328", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "THE CASE AGAINST CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 67\\nsave life. Will any sane person say that, because in\\nthe vast majority of cases children may be brought\\ninto the world safely under the attendance of a Chris-\\ntian Scientist, such a person is to be pardoned who\\nundertakes such a complication as that of placenta\\npraevia with neither medical skill nor knowledge?\\nWill any parent be willing, in case a child s artery is\\nsevered, to call a Christian Scientist rather than a sur-\\ngeon Upon the answers to these questions depends\\nthe acceptance by reasoning persons of Mrs. Eddy s\\ntheory and claim that her followers can cure all forms\\nof human maladies and injuries, and that they should\\nbe allowed to treat medical and surgical cases without\\nthe responsibility for malpractice that rests upon\\nmedical men.\\nWe devoutly believe that Mrs. Eddy is an instru-\\nment in the hands of God, not for the healing of the\\nnations, but to humble us intellectually by showing\\nthat, at the end of the nineteenth century, professedly\\nintelligent persons can be as easily duped by her as\\ntheir forebears were by Cagliostro at the close of the\\neighteenth.", "height": "5177", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5156", "width": "3405", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Ill\\nMANSLAUGHTER, CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE AND THE\\nLAW 1\\nThe recent death of Mr. Harold Frederic under the\\ntreatment of a Christian Scientist, and the latter s in-\\ndictment by an English jury, have renewed the dis-\\ncussion by professional and lay journals of what is\\nand what should be the bearing of the law upon such\\ncases.\\nThe New York Times, of which he was correspond-\\nent, writes editorially of Faith-Cure Murders the\\nSun of Manslaughter by Christian Science. The\\ncurrent law journals comment upon the case. Un-\\nfortunately such happenings are neither modern nor\\nrare.\\nCoincidently with Mr. Frederic s death from pneu-\\nmonia in England, the newspapers also report the\\ndeaths of Messrs. Kershaw in Tacoma, and McDowell\\nin Cincinnati, and Mrs. Brown of Washington; the\\nfirst of pneumonia, the second of typhoid fever, the\\nlast of an unnamed malady all the diseases being\\ncomplicated with Christian Science. It is only Fred-\\neric s prominence as a journalist and fiction writer\\nthat brings his case nearer home to the multitude.\\nThe ordinary quack is content to lay claim to some\\nNew York Medical Record, Nov. 26, 1898.\\n69", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70 CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE.\\nspecial skill or knowledge in the use of natural methods\\nor remedies. Thus in February, 1806, one John M.\\nCrous induced the same Legislature of New York that\\nin the following April chartered the existing county\\nand State medical societies to authorize by special act\\nthe purchase for $1,000 and publication in the State\\npapers of his perfect and infallible remedy and cure\\nfor hydrophobia or canine madness. And a wonder-\\nful remedy it was. x\\nIn the following year an act (ch. 104, 11. 1807) was\\npassed prohibiting unlicensed practice of medicine;\\nwith the proviso, however, that it should not be con-\\n1 Here is the prescription, and it certainly seems adequate to put an end\\nto hydrophobia or any other malady\\nFirst Take one ounce of the jawbone of a dog, burned and pulver-\\nized, or pounded to fine dust.\\nSecondly: Take the false tongue of a newly foaled colt; let that be\\nalso dried and pulverized and,\\nThirdly Take one scruple of verdigris, which is raised on the sur-\\nface of old copper by lying in the moist earth the coppers of George I.\\nor II. are the purest and best. Mix these ingredients together, and if the\\nperson be an adult or full grown, take one common teaspoonful a day,\\nand so in proportion for a child according to its age. In one hour after\\ntake the filings of the one-half of a copper of the above kind, if to be\\nhad if not, then a small increased quantity of any baser metal of the\\nkind this to be taken in a small quantity of water.\\nThe next morning, fasting (or before eating), repeat the same as be-\\nfore. This, if complied with after the biting of a dog, and before the\\nsymptoms of madness, will effectually prevent any appearance of disorder;\\nbut after the symptoms shall appear a physician must immediately be ap-\\nplied to, to administer the following, viz:\\nThree drachms of the verdigris of the kind before mentioned, mixed\\nwith half an ounce of calomel, to be taken at one dose. This quantity\\nthe physician need not fear to administer, as the reaction of the venom\\nwill then diffuse through the whole system of the patient, neutralize con-\\nsiderably the powerful quality of the medicine and,\\nSecondly If in four hours thereafter the patient is not completely\\nrelieved, administer four grains of pure opium or one hundred and twenty\\ndrops of liquid laudanum.\\nN. B. The patient must be careful to avoid the use of milk for sev-\\neral days after taking any of the foregoing medicine.\\nJohn M. \u00e2\u0096\u00a0Crou^", "height": "5172", "width": "3354", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 71\\nstrued to debar any one from using, or applying for\\nthe benefit of the sick, roots or herbs the growth\\nor product of the United States. This exception fa-\\nvored at once the principle of protection to the indus-\\ntry of home herbs and the teachings of the Thomso-\\nnian or botanic school of medicine, founded upon the\\nsimple, obvious theory that mineral remedies are in-\\njurious because, their nature being to remain in the\\nearth, they tend to drag man down to the grave;\\nwhile herbs, having by nature an upward, skyward\\nthrust, tend, on the contrary, to the advancement of\\nthose whose midst they penetrate.\\nThis system, once as popular as Christian Science,\\nfurnished the leading American case on manslaughter\\nby medical malpractice, that of Commonwealth v.\\nThomson (6 Mass. 134). It there appeared that Sam-\\nuel Thomson, founder of the system, undertook to\\ncure all fevers, whether black, grey, green, or yel-\\nlow. His staple remedies were coffee, so-called,\\nwell my gristle, and ram-cats. Being summoned\\non Jan. 2, 1809, to attend Ezra Lovett, ill of a cold,\\nhe ordered a fire built, put Lovett s feet on a stove of\\nhot coals, wrapped him in a blanket, and, with a\\npowder given in water, puked him to use the\\nsimple language of the day violently thrice within\\nhalf an hour, meantime administering copiously the\\nwarm coffee. He then put Lovett to bed, and\\nsweated and puked him pretty steadily for three\\ndays, the patient growing weaker and weaker, until,\\npoor soul he could puke no more. Then Thomson\\nasked how far down the medicine had got, and,\\nLovett indicating his chest, the quack said that the", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "72 OHEISTIAK SCIEKCE.\\nmedicine would soon get down and unscrew his\\nnavel. On the third day the patient lost his mind\\nand went into convulsions, which condition lasted\\nuntil the eighth day, Jan. 10, when he died. The\\ncoffee proved to be a decoction of marshrosemary\\nand the bark of the bay berry bush; the powder was\\nIndian tobacco or Lobelia inflata. There was no evi-\\ndence that defendant had killed any one else on the\\ncontrary, there was testimony of benefit in one case\\nfrom his treatment. The court, therefore, did not put\\nhim to his defence, but, ruling that the commonwealth\\nhad failed to make out a case even of manslaughter,\\ncharged the jury to this effect Deceased, beyond\\nreasonable doubt, lost his life by defendant s unskil-\\nful treatment. But there could be no murder, unless\\nthe prisoner was wilfully regardless of his social duty\\nand determined on mischief, of which there was no\\nproof on the contrary, his intent was to cure. Nei-\\nther could there be manslaughter for, although de-\\nfendant s ignorance was very apparent, nevertheless,\\nif he honestly intended to cure, he could not be guilty\\nof that crime on account of death unexpectedly ensu-\\ning from his treatment, unless he was engaged in an\\nunlawful act and there was no law in Massachusetts\\nforbidding any man, honestly intending to cure, from\\nprescribing for a sick man with the latter s consent.\\nThe court cited Lord Hale as authority for the propo-\\nsition that, if a physician, whether licensed or not,\\ngives a person a potion, without any intent of doing\\nhim any bodily hurt, but with intent to cure or pre-\\nvent a disease, and, contrary to the expectation of the\\nphysician, it kills him, he is not guilty of murder or", "height": "5175", "width": "3332", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 73\\nmanslaughter and, accordingly, laid down this law\\nfor the case\\nThe death of a man, killed by- voluntarily follow-\\ning a medical prescription, cannot be adjudged a\\nfelony in the party prescribing, unless he, however\\nignorant of medical science in general, had so much\\nknowledge or probable information of the fatal tend-\\nency of the prescription that it may be reasonably\\npresumed by the jury to be the effect of obstinate,\\nwilful rashness, at the least, and not of an honest in-\\ntention and expectation to cure.\\nThe court further said that if the solicitor-general\\nhad proved, as he promised to do in his opening, that\\nThomson had killed others by his treatment, it would\\nhave been left to the jury to say whether on the\\nwhole evidence they would sustain the charge of man-\\nslaughter which they might justly have done if they\\nhad found that defendant acted from obstinate rash-\\nness and foolhardy presumption, although without in-\\ntent to do Lovett bodily harm for it would not\\nhave been lawful for him again to administer a\\nmedicine of which he had such fatal experience.\\nUpon this reasoning Thomson was acquitted and his\\ncase having proved, as a precedent, a strong shield for\\nmanslaughtering charlatans, by establishing what has\\nbeen called the humane American rule as contrasted\\nwith the strict rule of common law, it is well to state\\nsuccinctly the reasons why he escaped conviction,\\nviz (1) because there was no statute in Massachu-\\nsetts prohibiting medical practice by the ignorant\\nand unlicensed (2) because there was no proof that\\nThomson (a) knew his treatment to be dangerous or\\n(b) had any other intent than to cure in good faith.", "height": "5177", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nIn 1842 the question arose in New York, upon an\\napplication for a bill of discovery, in Marsh v. Davison\\n(9 Paige 580), whether it was slanderous to have said\\nof complainant that he was guilty of malpractice as a\\ncancer doctor and had killed a woman in Schoharie.\\nDavison not being licensed to practice, the court held\\nthat\u00e2\u0080\u0094 inasmuch as he might be guilty of man-\\nslaughter, for that reason, if the patient died under\\nhis treatment the words might be slanderous.\\nIt thus appears that even accepting the benign\\nrule of Thomson s case, which, as we shall see pres-\\nently, was ill stated wherever a statute makes the\\nunlicensed practice of medicine a misdemeanor, if\\ndeath result from the treatment of a non-licentiate he\\nis guilty of manslaughter at least, no matter how\\nhonest his intent. This is the rule of common law\\nand of the New York penal code, which defines as\\nmanslaughter the killing of one human being by the\\nact, procurement, or omission of another, without de-\\nsign to effect death, by a person engaged in commit-\\nting or attempting to commit a misdemeanor affecting\\nthe person or property, either of the person killed or\\nof another.\\nIn 1844 the case of Eice v. The State (8 Mo. 561)\\nwas decided in Missouri. Eice, a Thomsonian, under-\\ntook by the same methods used on Lovett to cure Mrs.\\nKeithley of sciatica. She had not been so well for\\nyears as when he began to treat her, and was within\\nsix weeks of giving birth to her fourth child. Under\\nhis system she fell into premature labor and died\\nwithin about ten days. He was convicted of man-\\nslaughter but the appellate court, adopting the rule", "height": "5160", "width": "3330", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AKD THE LAW. 75\\nin Thomson s case, the facts being substantially the\\nsame, reversed the judgment.\\nIn 1881 another case arose, in Iowa, State v. Schulz\\n(55 la. 628). Schulz treated a sick woman by acu-\\npuncture and an irritating oil, according to the sys-\\ntem of Herr Baunscheidt, who, having been much\\nbenefited by the bitings of small insects, sought to\\ngive the world, for a consideration, a simulacrum of\\nhis experience. Defendant admitted that he did not\\nknow the composition of the oil, that being Baun-\\nscheidt s secret. The patient died. Schulz claimed\\nthat if he had not been interfered with he could have\\nhelped her, and produced twenty-three witnesses to\\ntestify that Baunscheidtismus, as administered by him,\\nhad benefited them. Schulz was convicted, but the\\nappellate court reversed the judgment, following the\\ncases of Thomson and Kice, and expressed this con-\\nclusion The interests of society will be subserved\\nby holding a physician civilly liable in damages for\\nthe consequences of his ignorance, without imposing\\nupon him criminal liabilities when he acts with good\\nmotives and honest intentions. The adoption of this\\ntheory by the New York statute of 1844 enabled\\nquackery, in the words of Beardesley, J., to boast its\\ntriumphant and complete establishment by law\\n(Bailey v. Mogg, 4 Den. 60). And the people of\\nIowa, instead of adhering to it, have passed, since the\\nSchulz case, a law forbidding medical practice to the\\nunlicensed.\\nNotwithstanding these acceptances of the rule in\\nThomson s case by other jurisdictions as sound law,\\nthe Supreme Court of Massachusetts, wherein it", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "f6 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\noriginated, has since held, in Commonwealth v. Pierce\\n(138 Mass. 165, A. D. 1884), that the accuracy of its\\nreport was doubtful and its law open to criticism.\\nThe facts in Pierce s case were these Defendant held\\nhimself out as a physician. There was no more law in\\nMassachusetts to prevent him from so doing in 1884\\nthan there had been to prevent Thomson s like preten-\\nsion in 1809. Being called to a sick woman, Mary\\nBemis, he caused her, she consenting, to be kept for some\\nthree days swathed in flannel underclothing, saturated\\nwith kerosene. Under this treatment she died in great\\nmisery. There was evidence in the case that in some\\ninstances similar treatment by defendant had resulted\\nfavorably, but also that in one it had burned and\\nblistered the flesh, as in the case of deceased. De-\\nfendant s counsel at trial asked the court to charge,\\nfollowing the rule in Thomson s case, that defendant\\ncould not be convicted unless it were proven beyond\\nreasonable doubt that death resulted from his treat-\\nment and that he had such knowledge or probable in-\\nformation of the fatal tendency of his prescription as\\nto justify the jury in presuming that death was the\\neffect of his obstinate or wilful recklessness, and not\\nof an honest intent and expectation to cure. This re-\\nquest was refused, defendant was convicted, and his\\nconviction affirmed by the appellate court, who, by\\nHolmes, J., said that the language of Thomson s case\\nrelied upon by defendant viz, that to constitute\\nmanslaughter the killing must have been a conse-\\nquence of some unlawful act. Now there is no law\\nwhich prohibits any man from prescribing for a sick\\nperson, with his consent, if he honestly intends to cure", "height": "5165", "width": "3345", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 77\\nhim by his prescription was ambiguous and wrong,\\nif it meant that the killing must be the consequence\\nof an act which is unlawful for independent reasons\\napart from its likelihood to kill. Such, continued\\nthe court, may once have been the law but for a\\nlong time it has been just as fully, and latterly, we\\nmay add, much more willingly, recognized that a man\\nmay commit murder or manslaughter by doing other-\\nwise lawful acts recklessly, as that he may by doing\\nacts unlawful for independent reasons, from which\\ndeath accidentally ensues. Thomson s case, it was\\nsaid, did not intend to lay down new law, but cited\\nand meant to follow Lord Hale, whom it had taken\\ntoo literally, since his lordship admitted that other\\npersons might make themselves liable by reckless con-\\nduct (I. P. C. 472) and why not a physician as well\\nAs to what constitutes criminal recklessness in such\\ncases, the court said substantially that the standard is\\nnot gauged by the actor s belief or idea of danger, but\\nby common experience. If the thing done is gen-\\nerally supposed to be universally harmless and only a\\nspecialist would foresee that in a given case it would\\ndo damage, a person who did not foresee it and\\nwho had no warning would not be held liable for\\nthe harm. The use of the thing must be\\ndangerous according to common experience, at least\\nto the extent that there is a manifest and appre-\\nciable chance of harm from what is done, in\\nview either of the actor s knowledge or of his con-\\nscious ignorance. Common experience is\\nnecessary to the man of ordinary prudence, and a\\nman who assumes to act as the defendant did must", "height": "5172", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "78 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nhave it at his peril. The defendant knew he\\nwas using kerosene. The jury have found that it was\\napplied as the result of foolhardy presumption or gross\\nnegligence, and that is enough. Indeed, if the\\ndefendant had known the fatal tendency of the pre-\\nscription, he would have been perillously near the line\\nof murder. The rule laid down in this carefully\\nreasoned case must commend itself to prudent men\\nfor it really amounts only to this that if one unversed\\nand unskilled in medical science and practice under-\\ntakes, nevertheless, the cure of a patient, and in so\\ndoing uses remedies or adopts a treatment whether\\npositive or negative ought to make no difference\\nfrom which there is a manifest and appreciable chance\\nof harm according to common experience, he shall be\\nheld liable for his recklessness and shall not be excused\\nby the innocence of his intention. And certainly when\\npart of the treatment adopted is the exclusion of proper\\ntreatment, this is just as harmful as if positively in-\\njurious methods were adopted. It is just as much\\nhomicide to cause death by starvation by keeping\\nfood from the victim as to use an active poison.\\nHow does this principle apply to Christian\\nScience, faith cure, or any eccentric treatment\\nof the sick not excluding voudoo or the scandal\\ncure that by operating strongly on the mind may\\nrestore the lost equilibrium Is the pursuit of any of\\nthese methods practice of medicine\\n1 I knew once of a malade imaginaire who for years had drifted\\nfeebly from bed to lounge and back again. Physicians were in vain.\\nOne day a friend called and said that the newspapers had gotten hold of a\\nbit of history that would interest the nation on the following Sunday. The\\npatient leaped from the lounge, took a cab to the steamer office, and by\\nSunday was on the ocean. This is the scandal cure.", "height": "5169", "width": "3340", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 79\\nWhile the ordinary quack, who, as has been said,\\npretends only to extraordinary human skill or knowl-\\nedge, is, therefore, generally held to be a practitioner\\nof medicine, Christian Scientists, who go further and\\npretend to procure for lucre divine intervention by\\ntheir prayers, contend that in thus offering to heal the\\nsick, although for hire, they are not practicing medi-\\ncine, but observing religious rites, and are therefore\\nprotected in their practices by constitutional safe-\\nguards. We are thus brought to consider what is the\\npractice of medicine. The answer to this query\\nmust depend in most instances upon the words of the\\nstatute and the peculiar circumstances of the case. In\\nthe New York case of Smith v. Lane (24 Hun, 632, A.\\nD. 1881), plaintiff, apparently a masseur, sued for\\nagreed fees which defendant refused to pay on the\\nground that plaintiff, not being licensed to practice\\nmedicine, could not recover compensation for his treat-\\nment, which, as the opinion of the court recites, con-\\nsisted entirely of manipulation with the hand. It was\\nperformed by rubbing, kneading, and pressure. The\\ncourt said\\nThe practice of medicine is a pursuit very generally\\nknown and understood, and so also is that of surgery.\\nThe former includes the application and use of medi-\\ncines and drugs for the purpose of curing, mitigating\\nor alleviating bodily diseases while the functions of\\nthe latter are limited to manual operations, usually\\nperformed by surgical instruments or appliances.\\nTo allow incompetent or unqualified persons\\nto administer or apply medical agents, or to perform\\nsurgical operations, would be highly dangerous to the\\nhealth as well as the lives of the persons who might", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "80 CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE.\\nbe operated upon, and there is reason to believe that\\nlasting and serious injuries as well as the loss of life\\nhave been produced by the improper use of medical\\nagents and surgical instruments or appliances. It was\\nthe purpose and object of the Legislature by this act\\nto prevent a continuance of deleterious practices of\\nthis nature, and to confine the uses of medicine and\\nthe operations of surgery to a class of persons who,\\nupon examination, should be found competent and\\nqualified to follow these professional pursuits. No\\nsuch danger could possibly arise from the treatment to\\nwhich the plaintiff s occupation was confined. While\\nit might be no benefit, it could hardly be possible thai\\nit could result in harm or injury.\\nAnd for that reason no necessity existed for inter-\\nfering with this pursuit by any action on the part of\\nthe Legislature. It may be that credulous persons\\nwould be deceived into the employment of the\\nplaintiff, and in that manner subjected to imposition.\\nBut it was no part of the purposes of this act to pre-\\nvent persons from being made the subjects of mere\\nimposition.\\nEither the italicized words are superfluous or they\\ncontain an implication that if the treatment, in the\\ncourt s opinion, had been capable of causing injury\\nlike improper medical treatment, the judges would\\nhave classified it in the same category.\\nIn Eastman v. State (10 N. E. 97), an Indiana case,\\nthe court said, on the other hand It is the purpose\\nof the statute to prevent persons who do not possess\\nthe necessary qualifications to practice medicine or\\nsurgery from inflicting injury upon the citizens by\\nundertaking to treat diseases, wounds and injuries.\\nAnd again The State has an interest in the life and\\nhealth of all its citizens, and the law under examina*", "height": "5167", "width": "3341", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 81\\ntion was framed, not to bestow favors upon a par-\\nticular profession, but to discharge one of the highest\\nduties of the State that of protecting its citizens from\\ninjury and harm. In People v. Phippin (70 Mich.\\n6), the defendant was held to have practiced medicine,\\non proof that he held himself out as Dr. W. W.\\nPhippin, magnetic healer, had attempted to cure the\\nsick, and in the case of a child s death had certified\\nthe cause to be canker, sore mouth. Duration of\\ndisease: June 3 to July 22, 1887. In Bibber v.\\nSimpson (59 Maine 181), a clairvoyant who gave\\nremedies was said to be practicing medicine. So also\\nin Nelson v. Harrington (72 Wis. 591). And in New\\nYork, De Leon, who prescribed for a child, drawing\\nits horoscope and giving some rhubarb, was convicted\\nof illegal practice of medicine. The administration\\nof electricity has also been held to constitute medical\\npractice Davison v. Bohlman (37 Mo. App. 576).\\nThe Ohio statute provides that Any person shall\\nbe regarded as practicing medicine or surgery, within\\nthe meaning of this act, who shall append the letters\\nM. D. or M. B. to his name, or for a fee prescribe,\\ndirect or recommend for the use of any person any\\ndrug or medicine or other agency for the treatment,\\ncure or relief of any wound, fracture, or bodily injury,\\ninfirmity or disease. That seems very broad but in\\ncase of Eastman v. State (6 Ohio Dec. 296), it was\\nheld, in January, 1897, that a graduate of the school\\nof osteopathy of Kirkville, Mo., was not practicing\\nmedicine by kneading and manipulations, using only\\nhis hands and no medicines. The court cited Smith\\nv. Lane, and held that the words, any other agency,", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "82 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nwere too vague and were limited by the particular\\nwords, drug or medicine.\\nThe New York statute does not define medical prac-\\ntice. Such a definition was framed in the draft of the\\nact of 1887, but stricken out because a certain Senator,\\nwho died shortly afterward, declared that it would in-\\nclude an eccentric healer who had saved him from the\\ngrave. The definition was yielded to save the bill.\\nThe Nebraska Medical Act defines as a practitioner\\nany one who shall operate on, or profess to heal, or\\nprescribe for, or otherwise treat any physical or men-\\ntal ailment of another.\\nUnder this statute arose, in 1894, the case of State\\nv. Bus well (40 Neb. 158). The defendant, charged\\nwith unlawful practice of medicine, claimed to be a\\nChristian Scientist, graduated from the Metaphysical\\nCollege of Mrs. Mary B. G. Eddy, of Boston. De-\\nfendant offered testimony to cures wrought by him in\\ncases of rheumatism, rattlesnake bite, pneumonia and\\nscarlet fever the last in the case of a child, four years\\nold. He testified that in eighteen months he had\\ntreated about one hundred persons, of whom only two\\nhad died. The accuracy of his diagnosis was not in\\nissue. He testified that the text-books of the Christian\\nScience Church are the Bible and Mrs. Eddy s work,\\nScience and Health. He denied that in a medical\\nsense he treated physical or mental ailments, saying\\nI understand with God s laws, and not mortal man s.\\n1 As the book goes to press it is reported that the Ohio Supreme Court\\nhas approved this ruling. (Alb. Law Journal, Nov. 1 8, 1899, p. 317.)\\nThe Illinois Supreme Courts held otherwise, (Eastman v. People, 71 111.\\nApp. 236), but since this article was written the law of that state has been\\namended to give immunity to Christian senators.-", "height": "5172", "width": "3357", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 83\\nQuestioned as to the privilege of patients or parents to\\ncall in medical aid, he said We believe that every-\\none has a right to express their wish, and it is always\\nunderstood that if they prefer some other treatment,\\nor some other mode, or some one else to aid them, it\\nis their privilege. We always do that. It is taught\\nin our text-books. We never give any medicine that\\nis entirely contrary to the teaching of Christian\\nScience. And this counsel said The defendant,\\nand those of the same faith with him, believe as a\\nmatter of conscience that the giving of medicine is a\\nsin that it is placing faith in the power of material\\nthings, which belongs alone to Omnipotence. To the\\nChristian Scientist, it is as much a violation of the\\nlaws of God to take drugs for the alleviation of suffer-\\ning or the cure of disease, as for a Methodist clergy-\\nman to take the name of his God in vain to relieve his\\noverwrought feelings.\\nBeing asked if he took pay from his patients, he\\nsaid As a rule I do not. We tell them we leave\\nthe question to them and God. Jesus says\\nthe laborer is worthy of his meat, and we expect that\\nthose whom we spend our lives for to remunerate us\\nfor it. If they are not willing to part with the sacri-\\nfice themselves, it is not expected that those should\\nreap the benefit. 1 Considering that defendant de-\\nscribed his treatment as one of prayer, this intimation\\nthat the answer to prayer would be contingent on\\nthe payment of the Scientist s fee apparently seemed\\nrather blasphemous to the court, who very aptly cited\\n1 Cf. Mrs. Eddy s express teaching that patients who pay a good fee,\\np. 56.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "84 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\ntwo cases from one of the science s text-books, the\\nBible the former, that of Simon the sorcerer (re-\\nported in Acts viii. 18-23), to whom Peter said, Thy\\nmoney perish with thee, because thou hast thought\\nthat the gift of God may be purchased with money\\nthe second, that of Gehazi (II. Kings v. 20-27), servant\\nof Elisha, who, finding that his master had gratui-\\ntously cured of leprosy Naaman, the rich Syrian, thus\\nestablishing a .precedent for dispensary abuses, re-\\nmarked, as the Lord liveth, I will run after him, and\\ntake somewhat of him, and in the end took not only\\na fee but the disease. Upon these precedents the\\nNebraska court ruled thus\\nThe exercise of the art of healing for compensa-\\ntion, whether exacted as a fee or expected as a gratu-\\nity, cannot be classed as an act of worship. Neither\\nis it the performance of a religious duty, as was\\nclaimed in the District Court. They further said\\nThe object of the statute is to protect the afflicted\\nfrom the pretensions of the ignorant and avaricious,\\nand its provisions are not limited to those who at-\\ntempt to follow beaten paths and established usages.\\nThis, it will be noticed, is very different from the\\nview of the New York law taken in the New York\\ncase of Smith v. Lane and the Ohio case of Eastman\\nv. State (supra), as well as from the latest case of the\\nkind, State v. Mylod (40 At. 753), decided in Ehode\\nIsland last July upon these facts: Defendant under-\\ntook to cure one Hale of malaria arid one Vaughan of\\ngrip, by apparently engaging in silent prayer ajid giv-\\ning them pamphlets on Christian Science. He received\\na fee of one dollar, but gave no medicines, made no", "height": "5177", "width": "3389", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 85\\nexamination, or diagnosis. He testified that he did\\nnot attempt to cure disease, had no knowledge of\\nmedicine or surgery, and that his only method was\\nprayer and effort to encourage hopefulness for all\\nwho come to him in public or private, and whatever\\ndiseases they imagine they have. The court held,\\nciting Smith v. Lane, that in the absence of diagnosis,\\nprescription of remedies, or surgical methods there\\nwas no medical practice. They suggested that if\\nChristian Science is practice of medicine, then as a\\nschool it is entitled to recognition by the State Board,\\nand that it would be absurd to hold, under the Ehode\\nIsland statute which forbids discrimination against\\nmedical schools, that requirements could be prescribed\\nwhich members of a particular school could not com-\\nply with, since that would be not to discriminate only,\\nbut to prohibit. 1 And the court distinguished the\\ncases of clairvoyant physicians upon the ground that\\ntherein the defendants had prescribed medicine and\\nprofessed to cure diseases. There seems to be fallacy\\nin the implication by the court that any educational\\nrequirements as a condition of medical license are pro-\\nhibitory upon any persons except those who are un-\\nable to acquire an education and it is quite proper to\\nexclude such persons from the ranks of physicians.\\nThe question is full of difficulty. Every one admits\\nthe power of mental impulses in nervous diseases ad-\\nmits nature s healing force that so often cures without\\nany attendance at all and admits that it would be\\nwrong to forbid all recourse to any aid. But this\\nmuch being conceded, are we to admit also that any\\n1 See the paper Christian Science before the Law. Page 91,", "height": "5193", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "86 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nperson should be entitled to take charge of the sick\\nmerely because he pretends to act under religious be-\\nliefs and to abstain from using those remedies and\\nmethods arrived at by study and investigation Are\\nwe to punish the physician who fails to report yellow\\nand scarlet fevers, diphtheria, and other contagious\\ndisorders, and allow a person who boasts his ignorance\\nof medical and sanitary science to treat and conceal\\nsuch cases The Christian Scientist, in his madness\\nor worse, says that there is no disease but only fear or\\nloss of relation to God, which he in his blasphemy\\nundertakes to restore, providing he is paid for his\\nservices. What, then, would his death certificate be\\nWould it be that Jones was permanently scared\\nWhat would his report of a contagious disease be?\\nThat Brown has a panic, which is likely to spread P 1\\nIn the case of Reynolds v. United States (98 U. S.\\n145, A. D. 1878), the Supreme Court of the nation ap-\\nplied common sense to the proposition, that the name\\nof religion may be used to cloak either lust or impos-\\nture. Defendant, a member of the so-called Church\\nof Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, being indicted\\nfor bigamy, pleaded in defence that the penalty im-\\nposed by his church upon its male members who failed\\nto practice polygamy when circumstances would ad-\\nmit was damnation in the life to come. No such\\ndreadful penalty hangs over a Christian Scientist who\\nabstains from his lucrative practices. The Supreme\\nCourt said in Reynolds case Laws are made for\\n1 As we go to press an entire church of Christian Scientists in Georgia\\nhas been fined for disobedience of the vaccination law, from which action\\nappeal has been taken.", "height": "5179", "width": "3416", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 87\\nthe government of actions, and while they cannot in-\\nterfere with mere religious belief and opinions they\\nmay with practices. Can it be seriously contended,\\nasked the court, that a civilized nation may not law-\\nfully suppress human sacrifices and the Indian custom\\nof suttee, because their votaries claim religious sanc-\\ntion therefor or polygamy for the same reason To\\nsuffer such things, it was answered, would be to\\nmake the professed doctrine of religious belief superior\\nto the law of the land and in effect to permit every\\ncitizen to become a law unto himself. Government\\ncould exist only in name under such circumstances.\\nThese wise words of the court apply even to honest\\nbelievers, whom we may respect, or, at least, sympa-\\nthize with, even in their delusions. But if the defence\\nof religion were allowed to the extent that the eccen-\\ntrics claim, the deadly sin of lying would become\\neven more prevalent than it is, and the dangerous\\nclasses would go over in a body to soi-disant religion.\\nThere was an English case in 1868, Eeg. v. Wag-\\nstaffe (10 Cox s Cr. Cas. 530), wherein parents were\\ncharged with manslaughter of a child because, pur-\\nsuant to their religion as members of the Peculiar\\nPeople, they neglected to provide medical attend-\\nance for it, in a case of acute inflammation of the\\nlungs instead they anointed and prayed over it.\\nThe court charged that if they had let the child\\nstarve for want of food, the case would have been\\ndifferent; for everyone recognizes the need of food.\\nBut it was not the same when the question was one\\nof medical attendance, for as to that opinions differed,\\nand he read to the jury from the general Epistle of", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "88 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nSt. James (v. 14, 15) those words upon which the Ro-\\nman Church rests the doctrine of extreme unction,\\nand the Mormons and Peculiar People rest their\\ndoctrine of healing the sick by anointing and prayer\\nonly words which the learned and sensible commen-\\ntator, Adam Clark, forcibly argues to be an exhorta-\\ntion by the apostle to use the ordinary Eastern rem-\\nedy, oil, as well as prayer, in treating the sick. The\\njury acquitted. Recently in a like case, Reg. v. Sen-\\nior, they disagreed. 1\\nBeyond doubt there are very honest, intelligent,\\ncultivated persons who believe in the efficacy of Chris-\\ntian Science and faith cure. Among some twenty\\ncases of death under such treatment, including cases\\nof contagious diseases, the writer has noted the names\\nof such persons. It is equally true that some intel-\\nligent persons find no fad too extraordinary for\\nadoption. The writer knew of a most shrewd and\\ncultivated woman who consulted in Sing Sing prison\\nas to investment in stocks an astrologer convicted\\nnot only of illegal medical practice, but of abhorrent\\ncrime. It is said that where voudooism prevails, cul-\\ntivated people consult its priestesses, after the fashion\\nof Mcodemus. And when St. John Long, prince of\\nquacks, was convicted of manslaughter at the Old\\n1 This case seems to have turned upon the Act for prevention of cruelty\\nto children [(1894) 57 and 58 Victoria] which makes it misdemeanor\\nfor one in charge of a child under sixteen years of age willfully to neglect it\\nso as to cause death. In imposing sentence Mr. Justice Wills said that he\\ndid not think the punishment would have any effect upon the prisoner or\\nhis co-believers, and certainly it would not with regard to the prisoner,\\nbecause it was the second child in respect of whose death he had been\\nconvicted.\\nSee Law Times and Law Journal of Dec. 17, 1898, also Law Journal,\\nDec 14, 1898; and Medical Record, Jan. 21, 1899.", "height": "5171", "width": "3347", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "MANSLAUGHTER AND THE LAW. 89\\nBailey (4 Car. and P. 398) among the twenty-nine pa-\\ntients who testified to the excellence of his treatment\\nwere divers ladies of quality, headed by the Mar-\\nchioness of Ormond, than whom, save royalty, only a\\nduchess could be better able to form a sound opinion\\nin such case.\\nBut nothing is more false than to say that medical\\nlaws forbid the practice of Christian Science, faith\\ncure, voudoo, vitapathy, or any other pathy or\\ncult. Those laws provide only, at most, that no per-\\nson shall practice medicine who has not pursued a\\ncourse in medical study. There is nothing in them to\\nprevent any licentiate from practicing as he pleases.\\nThere is nothing to prevent a masseur without license\\nfrom washing and rubbing a man, if he confines him-\\nself to that. But there is no reason why unqualified\\npersons should be allowed to pretend to cure disease,\\nby their pretences deprive the sick of the benefits of\\nscience, and yet escape the just consequences of their\\nimposture. The whole case of these people who de-\\nsire to earn a livelihood by treating the sick without\\nany adequate preparation therefor through study and\\ninvestigation was summed up in the grotesque false-\\nhood, circulated by way of petition to the New York\\nLegislature of 1885 for the repeal of the medical law,\\nwhich said\\nThe law deprives from practicing in this State\\npersons who are gifted with the power of healing by\\nthe laying of hands, through the presence and impart-\\ning of vital magnetic force, and otherwise. Some of\\nthese powers are natural to the practitioner and can-\\nnot be imparted by the course of study required by", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "90 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nmedical colleges. Could anything be more absurd?\\nThe natural power to heal disease impaired by the\\nacquisition of knowledge concerning disease And\\nyet there were those prepared to believe even that, so\\ntrue is it to-day, as of old, that the wonderful is the\\nunknown and the credible that which is impossible of\\nbelief.\\nIt may be a question of policy whether Christian\\nScientists should be prosecuted whether cheap mar-\\ntyrdom might not strengthen them. But there seems\\nno good reason, as matter of law, why they should\\nnot be punished for the evil they actually do, prohib-\\nited, if the policy seem wise, from treating the sick\\nwithout adequate preparation by study of medical\\nscience, and convicted of manslaughter if death re-\\nsults from interference.", "height": "5173", "width": "3362", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "IV\\nCHKISTIAN SCIENCE BEFOEE THE LAW 1\\nAbout a hundred years ago at the close of the\\neighteenth century, when as now men were proud and\\nboastful of their enlightened times, when from mis-\\nrule and free thought, the Age of Eeason and the red\\nharvest of Dr. Guillotin were about to come into\\nbeing, a man passed through Europe, captivating the\\nfancy of the great Catherine and the small Louis, the\\nreason of courtiers, the adoration of the mob. Read-\\ning of Cagliostro, the mountebank, bedizened like a\\nstage wizard, wonderfully curing the sick, revealing\\nthe past, foretelling the future and protected by royal\\npower from the prosecutions that the faculty and men\\nlearned in the science of the day were eager to direct\\nagainst him, we are disposed from the height of our\\ngreater attainments to smile at what we consider the\\ngullibility of the last fin de siecle. But charlatan, im-\\npostor and robber as he was, the vogue of Cagliostro,\\nor Balsamo, is understandable. Beside his natural\\nshrewdness he had, at least, the education that comes\\nto the observant from travel and association with the\\nintelligent, and seems to have possessed as well, a share\\nof the medical learning of the time. Not only were\\nhis cures gratuitous s^ve when the rich rewarded him\\n1 Read by request of the Medical Society of this County of Westchester,\\nNew York, at its annual meeting September 19th, 1899.\\n91", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "92 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nrichly, but he distributed largesse among the crowd\\nwith lavish hand. Presumptuous as his assumption\\nof superhuman knowledge and skill was, it was still\\nonly the claim of the astrologer, the pretended adept\\nin Eastern lore, the master of Masonic mysteries.\\nHe did not assume to be in the secret councils of the\\nmost High, to supplement the work of Christ or to\\nfound a religious cult. At the end of our wonder-\\nful century of material progress that has covered the\\nworld with iron roads for the steam monster and al-\\nready harnessed his swifter successor, the lightning\\nthat has enabled us to speak in a moment with the\\nantipodes and in medicine and surgery has wrought\\nwonders undreamed of in Cagliostro s day, lengthen-\\ning the average span of life, dispelling pain from the\\nchamber where the knife works calmly, in vital re-\\ngions, undisturbed by the patient s agony, finding with\\nmicroscopic eye the causes of sickness, banishing, with\\nantiseptic magic, putrifying germs that so lately de-\\nfeated the surgeon s skill, and checking once dreaded\\nplagues by wise sanitation; at the end of this cen-\\ntury of ours, surpassing all others in the progress of\\nmedical science and art, we have a more puzzling\\nphenomenon. A sickly New England woman, twice\\nwidowed, once divorced and so without the vestal\\nsanctity usually claimed by those of her sex who as-\\npire to lead religious thought, untravelled, unlearned,\\nand uncultivated, even in the use of the mother tongue,\\nhas been able to impose upon many persons at home\\nand abroad, not only a flatulent, incoherent theory of\\nreligion and metaphysics, which, as religion and meta-\\nphysics, would concern us little, but also a system of", "height": "5176", "width": "3378", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 93\\ntreating, or rather neglecting, the sick, that, founded\\nupon bold denial of obvious facts, and of conclusions,\\nharvested by the wise and learned from ages of obser-\\nvation, fattens the greedy coffers of herself and her\\ndisciples, who follow it as a business, while leading\\ndown to dusty death many credulous adults and de-\\nfenceless children. What is especially hard to under-\\nstand is that among Mrs. Eddy s honest followers are\\npersons of literary cultivation, who, we should sup-\\npose, might guage at once her ignorance and preten-\\ntiousness by the ungrammatical ill-rhymed doggerel\\nwhich she puts forth as poetry men of the law who,\\npresumably, should be able to detect the contradiction\\nand lack of logical coherence in her soi-disant system\\npious and refined souls, whom we would expect to find\\ndisgusted with the blasphemy and vulgarity of much\\nthat she has written. Pilgrimages are made to her\\nConcord home. Churches are built in which her book\\nof ineffable nonsense is solemnly read and her jargon,\\ninterpolated into the Lord s prayer, is recited. Men\\nof judicial position have introduced her apostles to\\nlarge audiences, and legislators seriously inclined to\\ntheir tales of wonder. But although her followers\\nare many, being estimated by her disciples between\\nthe rather wide limits of 60,000 and 600,000, it is\\ncomforting to reflect that those not under her spell\\nare numbered by the millions. And although any\\ndelusion that controls the minds and actions of a con-\\nsiderable part of the community to its possible detri-\\nment is a proper subject for careful examination, we\\nshould not fall into the error of giving factitious im-\\nportance to what is intrinsically ridiculous, by over-", "height": "5197", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "94 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nserious treatment of it. Examples of this mistaken\\ncourse are not far to seek. It is probably true that if\\nthe ultra metaphysical theories of Hahneman, which\\nMrs. Eddy accepted before launching her own non-\\nsense, had been consistently laughed at, homeopathy\\nas a system would not now exist. How many intel-\\nligent homeopathists of our day believe in the efficacy\\nof the thirtieth, not to mention the 200th potency\\nof even the powerful drugs, leaving out of considera-\\ntion the inert substances that Hahnemanites have\\nproposed as curatives, dilutions expressed in figures\\nthat the human mind is incapable of grasping Who\\nnow believes that the power of these infinite dilutions\\ncan be increased or diminished by the number and\\ndirection of the shakes given to the vial containing\\nthem In thus suggesting that strict Hahnemanism\\nis a delusion of the past, I but echo gentlemen of the\\nhomeopathic school for whose ability and skill I have\\ngreat respect. Turn to the files of New York City\\njournals 1 when some years ago the homeopathic pro-\\nfession in that city was agitated over the ever vital\\nquestion of patronage, and you will find one of its\\nleaders, if not the leader, reported as saying, that\\nsince Dr. Bayard s death there had not been one\\npractitioner of true Hahnemanism in that great city\\nwhile his opponent, at the head of the professedly\\nstrict sect when taunted with the use in his practice\\nof morphine, antipyrine, quinine and like drugs in\\nlarge doses, retorted that he used them only as pal-\\nliatives, not as curatives, as forerunners of the homeo-\\n1 See New York Times, Sun, World, Dec. 12; Dec. 13, 20, 1889; Jan.\\nio, 14; Feb. 23; Herald, Feb. 24, 1890, and about those dates.", "height": "5177", "width": "3386", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 95\\npathic remedies by which alone he effected his cures.\\nAgain when in 1887 it was my duty to urge before\\nthe New York Legislature the medical act of that\\nyear, the passage of which it is but just to say was\\nlargely aided by the hearty cooperation of the Homeo-\\npathic Society, one gentleman of that body whose\\nfriendship and confidence it was my pleasure and\\nprivilege to gain, said to me, if you people, mean-\\ning the regular school I represented, had good sense,\\nyou could destroy us. If you would only establish\\nchairs in your colleges to teach what homeopathy is,\\nor even do what was lately done at Harvard, let\\nstudents formulate questions to be answered by a\\nhomeopath, there would be no place for our colleges\\nbut until you admit that we have done something for\\nmedicine, and so long as you denounce us, we will\\noppose you.\\nThese things need to be said because they bear upon\\nthe policy of legislation but this is neither the time\\nnor the place to discuss that thesis from its strictly med-\\nical standpoint nor am I the person to espouse either\\nside of such a discussion and certainly neither you\\nnor I are here to deal intemperately or flippantly with\\nany honest belief or to belittle what good may lie in\\nany theory or system, even Christian science, how-\\never nonsensical some of its tenets may seem to us,\\nnor yet to be so foolish or discourteous as to deny the\\ngeneral intelligence and mental vigor of any one\\nmerely because he may accept some proposition that\\nto us seems bizarre and fantastic. Had I the honor\\nand privilege of being a physician as fortunately for\\nmy possible patients, perhaps, I have not, it seems to", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "96 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nme that, so far as time and occasion served, I should\\nexamine carefully every new thing that promised well\\nfor poor humanity and be patient and long-suffering\\nwith even the erratic thinker, if satisfied that he was\\nhonestly striving to benefit his fellow-man, and not\\nmerely to fill his purse by obtruding recklessly, and\\nwith conscious ignorance, where only the learned\\nshould be allowed. That I apprehend to be the stand-\\npoint of the true physician, who above other men per-\\nhaps, should prove all things, and hold fast that which\\nis true.\\njSTow some of you may be thinking what has all this\\nto do with Christian science before the law The an-\\nswer is simple in discussing actual law, or proposed\\nlegislation it must be borne in mind that the aims of\\nthe law are above all things practical. It has no\\nfunction to operate upon folly as folly and, pro-\\nverbially, it does not concern itself with trifles. It is\\nnecessarily tolerant of widely divergent ideas and of\\nmuch that to many seems wrong. Religious beliefs,\\nin so far as they are merely beliefs not reduced to\\ncriminal or dangerous practices, are not proper objects\\nof its control, at least not in our country. We are\\nfree, with a constitutional right of freedom, to work\\nout our own salvation without legislative aid. Over-\\nlegislation to which, of late, there is an unfortunate\\ntendency, is itself, in our theory of government, a dis-\\ntinct evil, a disease of the body politic. Legislative\\nregulation of the minor actions of men, their beliefs,\\ntheir merely ethical conduct is intolerable. To legis-\\nlate for the benefit of any scientific theory to the det-\\nriment of another would be, save perhaps in very", "height": "5177", "width": "3381", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 97\\nexceptional circumstances, a great wrong, unwise and\\nmost harmful to the cause of true science and the ad-\\nvancement of human knowledge. A statute for ex-\\nample ordaining that no person should worship except\\naccording to the Roman Catholic or Presbyterian\\nscheme, or treat the sick except secumdum artem,\\nwhether by regular homeopathic or any other rule,\\nwould be an abomination, unwise and, God be thanked,\\nunconstitutional.\\nBecause no well informed person disputes these\\ntruisms, charlatanism, religious and medical, seeks to\\nmake of them its refuge and strong bulwark. The\\nMormon for his polygamy, the Oneida Communist for\\nhis promiscuity, the Christian Scientist for his slaughter\\nof credulous adults and helpless babes, alike claims\\nprotection from the law upon a theory that the free\\nright to worship according to conscience implies the\\nright to commit any act under the pretext of religion\\nwhich an evil or erratic mind may inspire. The osteo-\\npath, the venopath, the vitapath, the Kickapoo In-\\ndians and all the rabble of ignorant quacks, in like\\nfashion, seek exemption of their impostures from legal\\nregulation in the contention, that because the last\\nword has not been uttered in medical science, it is\\ntherefore class legislation to enact any law prohibiting\\nthe ignorant to assume, as a business, the entire charge\\nand cure, of the sick. At first blush this superficial\\nargument is plausible and influences many. When\\n^Esop s ass masqueraded under the lion s skin, all the\\nother animals, intelligent man included, stood for\\nawhile in awe of him; but when his tuneful note vi-\\nbrated on the air, they tore off his disguise, and dis-", "height": "5192", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "98 CHKISTIAIS SCIENCE.\\nclosed him once more an obvious ass. In the long\\nrun the disguise must fall from pseudo religious and\\nmedical imposture. Christian Science will not be an\\nexception to the rule. Its mask of religion is very\\nthin but the animal below it is rather the cunning\\nfox than the honest useful ass. In tearing off its dis-\\nguise the law may play a part but the unmasking\\nwill best be done by turning on the light and showing\\nwhat an amusing misfit the garb of religion is, and\\nwhat a greedy unscrupulous fox it covers.\\nThe questions then present themselves whether Chris-\\ntian Science is such a phase of genuine religious belief,\\nor so trifling in its evil results that its daily practices\\nshould be unrestrained by law and if not, whether\\nthe present condition of the law is adequate to deal\\nwith those practices or whether further legislation is\\nnecessary.\\nOthers as well as myself, have dealt so fully else-\\nwhere with this delusion that these questions may be\\nhere answered in general terms without citation of\\nspecific authority. We may consider general princi-\\nples rather than particular cases.\\nThat many intelligent persons accept Mrs. Eddy s\\nlucubrations as a religious and therapeutic system, has\\nbeen already admitted to be a puzzling fact, its most\\nprobable explanation being that such persons accept\\nas true, without investigation, all the marvellous tales\\nof the Eddyites or generalize from particular cases\\nknown to themselves without reading the farrago of\\nnonsense constituting the so-called system, and with-\\nout time or inclination, even if they have ability, to\\ninvestigate in true scientific spirit the causes of what", "height": "5179", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 99\\narouses their astonishment. Having examined with\\ncare her fundamental books, I am at a loss to know\\nwhat she has contributed to religious thought, meta-\\nphysical speculation or therapeutical knowledge, or yet\\nwhat she says that is new. Even her doctrine that\\ncleanliness and hygienic life are detrimental, has long\\nbeen acted upon by the dirty fakirs of the Orient, and\\nthe great unwashed of Christendom. Her magnum-\\nopus Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures,\\nthat costly and most lucrative text- book of innumera-\\nble editions, pretends, as its name indicates, to be\\nfounded upon and to interpret the Bible, but not to be\\na new evangel. Mrs. Eddy s modest pretence is that\\nwhile the Bible is God s word, its, and therefore his,\\nmeaning, utterly escaped the apprehension both of the\\nsimple, and the learned, during the long ages, only to\\nbe revealed to her in the year of grace, 1866. Pre-\\nsumably it is the version of King James that she in-\\nterprets, for she knows no Hebrew, 1 no Greek, no\\nLatin and precious little English. She is not in the\\nbabe or suckling class, from which, we are told, wis-\\ndom sometimes emanates to confound the wise, but is\\nsaid to be a mature dame of about eighty, having\\nnearly completed her first half century when it pleased\\nGod, in his mysterious providence, to vouchsafe to her\\nthat key to his meaning which he had theretofore\\ndenied to saints and scholars. As nearly as one can\\nspell it out, this key, which, for purposes of lucre, Mrs.\\nEddy has copyrighted, is the stale theory, as old as\\nphilosophic speculation, familiar to Sophomores but\\nnew to her, that everything is mind. Her corollary\\n1 Her brother Albert however studied Hebrew in vacations. See p. 42.\\nO", "height": "5173", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "100 CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE.\\nis that health is right thought, and disease, sickness\\nand every other evil only wrong thought. Upon this\\ntheme, she rings her changes and it is safe to say,\\nthat had she confined herself to this peculiar exposi-\\ntion of Scripture, her congregations would have been\\nsmall, and she would have remained an obscure eccen-\\ntric New England woman, confessedly feeble in health\\nand poor in pocket. Her trifling interpretation of\\nScripture would no more have been suggested as mat-\\nter for legal control, than the wit and satire of Colonel\\nIngersoll or the broad learning of Dr. Briggs. Her\\nreligious views would concern us no more than those\\nof the forgotten Matthias, John of Leyden, or Noyes,\\nand far less than the still somewhat prevalent doc-\\ntrines of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young.\\nBut it seems that feeble health led the lady to\\ndabble in medical theories, to accept at one time the\\nviews of Hahneman and later the doctrine of animal\\nmagnetism as expounded by one P. P. Quimby, whose\\npatient she was in his life, whose memory after death\\nshe apparently execrates with all the hate of a jealous,\\nenvious, covetous woman. It seems too, that in a\\nsmall way, she practiced homeopathy until becoming\\nconvinced that there was no medicinal virtue in its\\nhigh potencies, and finding that their administration\\nwas followed, nevertheless, by cures, she arrived at\\nher great discovery that health is Mind in capitals,\\nand disease, mortal mind in small letters for not the\\nleast amusing part of her book is its use of different\\nfonts of type to differentiate Truth from error,\\nHealth, or Ease, from Dis-ease a play of words that\\nappeals strongly to her. Here, of course, is the grain", "height": "5169", "width": "3393", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 101\\nof truth in her system. Perceiving that suggestion\\nplays an important part in the cure of certain dis-\\neases, being probably ignorant or possibly advised\\nthat this was no new thing, and, generalizing from\\nthe particular as the rash, the ignorant and the im-\\npostor all do, she concluded and announced that be-\\ncause striking cures often follow an access of faith or\\nother strong mental excitation, therefore all diseases\\nand bodily injuries are merely false beliefs to be\\ntreated by mental processes, and that all drugs, ma-\\nterial remedies and even hygienic measures are not\\nonly ineffectual, but harmful. Her system of thera-\\npeutics, then, amounts to this disease, sickness, bodily\\ninjury of any kind do not exist except as mistaken be-\\nliefs to be removed by argument with them, which\\nargument is to be addressed to the disease silently,\\nlest, haply, the patient overhearing the discussion be\\nconfirmed in his error. Diagnosis, as physicians and\\nordinary laymen understand the term, does not exist\\nin her scheme. Under this principle it is quite unnec-\\nessary for the healer to come in contact with the pa-\\ntient. The one may be in Hong Kong, the other in\\nTerra del Fuego. The effect will be just as great as\\nif they were in conjunction. Now while as a theory,\\nthis arrant nonsense is merely comical, a moment s re-\\nflection shows that its practice is obviously dangerous\\nin a high degree, not only to the particular victim but\\nto the community at large. That its promulgator is\\neither dishonest in advancing it or doubtful of its full\\nefficacy, seems apparent from her advice to disciples\\nto u leave the adjustment of broken bones and dislo-\\ncations to the fingers of surgeons, until the ad-", "height": "5175", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "102 CHKISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nvancing age admits the efficacy and supremacy of\\nMind, a precept that suggests her conviction of the\\ntruth of what worthy Quarles quaintly said Phy-\\nsicians of all men, are most happy whatever good\\nsuccess soever, they have, the world proclaimeth and\\nwhat faults they commit, the earth covereth. Is not\\nthis advice of hers the cunning of the fox rather than\\na delusion of the other animal Is it not manifestly\\na warning that while it is comparatively safe for her\\nignorant followers to treat the sick for rich reward,\\nunder the guise of religious aid, in cases of ordinary\\nailments, yet surgery is to be shunned by them, only\\nbecause in that department of medicine malpractice\\nis more demonstrable to a lay jury than in physic,\\nwhere the healing force of nature may be relied upon\\nto give the Christianly scientific practitioner success\\nin many cases, while his failures are more likely to\\nescape detection.\\nIt would seem to be perfectly clear from this sum-\\nmary of her doctrine which is I believe and certainly\\nhope, entirely fair, and not travesty travesty indeed,\\nbeing impossible that while from the standpoint of\\nreligion and philosophy, Mrs. Eddy s so-called science\\nis beneath contempt, a banality with which the law\\nshould not concern itself it is on the other hand\\nfrom the standpoint of the public health, a serious mat-\\nter, since it puts in peril not only credulous adults\\nand their innocent children, but in cases of contagious\\nand infectious diseases, great numbers of persons who\\nrepudiate its nonsense, thus menacing the whole com-\\nmunity. Let us concede, for argument sake, what the\\nEddyites vehemently declare, that if it man.be willing", "height": "5179", "width": "3366", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIEKCE BEFOKE THE LAW. 103\\nto subject himself to the treatment of Christian\\nScience for any sickness, even smallpox, he should be\\nallowed to do so are we also to concede that he\\nshould be allowed to subject his infant children af-\\nflicted with that malady or scarlet fever, or malignant\\ndiphtheria to the same and no other treatment Is\\nhe to be suffered to sacrifice his own offspring and\\nalso spread contagion? Common sense affords the\\nanswer.\\nWhat is dangerous and pestilential in Christian\\nScience is its absolute denial in specific terms that dis-\\nease or bodily injury exists except as a perverted\\nphase of thought its denial that any material remedy\\nappliances or hygienic measures are of any use in the\\ntreatment of the sick, and its positive assertion that\\nthe whole materia medica is harmful. A consistent\\nChristian Scientist must logically be opposed to vacci-\\nnation, to antiseptic methods, to bandages, to cauter-\\nies, to prophylactics, to anesthetics in short, to every\\napproved method of relieving pain, curing the sick\\nand protecting the public from contagion or infection.\\nLet us concede to the power of suggestion all that is\\nestablished and far more. Let us admit for the argu-\\nment s sake, if not in fact, that even cancer may be\\ncured, by convincing the patient that there is no such\\ndisease and that he is not afflicted with it still we\\nare not up with Mrs. Eddy. For that astounding\\nperson distinctly says that the healer must not name\\nthe disease, but must argue with it mentally that her\\nmethods are as efficacious for infants, in whose minds\\nsuch suggestion cannot be planted, as for adults that\\noceans may roll between healer and patient cutting", "height": "5191", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "104 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\noff communication and therefore suggestion by any\\nmeans that human science as yet admits to be pos-\\nsible. Thus she seems to eliminate from her theory\\nthe only grain of truth we have found in it and deny\\nthe very cause that produces what results follow its\\napplication in the restoration of the sick to the\\nnormal.\\nI cannot better illustrate in passing the disingenu-\\nousness of the professional healer, the hyper sensitive-\\nness of the healed and the difficulties in the way of\\ninvestigating reported marvellous cures than by two\\nexamples in my recent experience. Mr. Carol Norton\\nis one of the Board of Lecturers of the First Church\\nof Christ Scientist, the mother church so-called.\\nHe delivers with some variations, a copyrighted\\nlecture, offering to give medical proof of the cure of\\ncancer, locomotor ataxia and other obstinate maladies.\\nI wrote some time ago for such proofs and also asked\\nspecifically if Mr. Norton himself would venture to\\nsubstitute Christian Science for medical aid in the case\\nof a fractured skull, a severed artery or confluent\\nsmallpox. After some correspondence he produced\\nso-called medical proof, consisting of brief statements\\nof conclusion, signed by Christian Scientists but of\\nlittle or no evidential value from either a medical or\\nlegal standpoint not differing in kind from the cer-\\ntificates with which nostrum venders have made us\\nfamiliar. To my questions he replied that he pre-\\nferred to shelve them. Having written an account\\nof this effort at investigation to the New York Sun, 1\\na gentleman wrote in reference to it, asking if I had\\n1 See these letters in the appendix, pps. 165-182; also pps. 64, 65, 113.", "height": "5177", "width": "3365", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 105\\nseriously examined Christian Science and saying, in\\nperfectly good faith, as I believe, that while he was\\nignorant of its methods, he felt bound to testify to its\\nmarvellous results in his own family upon a patient\\nturned out to die by a great hospital, and given up\\nby three physicians, whom he named, two being well-\\nknown and one eminent. He expressed a desire to\\nput the facts before me. I replied courteously, as I\\nthought, expressing entire readiness to believe in the\\nexistence of the disease and its cure, under the treat-\\nment of Christian Science, but saying with perfect\\nfrankness, inasmuch as my correspondent professed\\nignorance of that cult s methods, that I should be dis-\\nposed to explain the cure by suggestion and not by\\nthe theories of Mrs. Eddy, which it seemed to me im-\\npossible for a sane mind to accept and I also asked\\nthat he would let me know all the facts. This gentle-\\nman was, I regret to say, so offended at my unfortu-\\nnate remark, that it did not seem to me any sane mind\\ncould accept those theories of which he professed\\nto be ignorant, that he did not give me the informa-\\ntion which he had volunteered. And it appeared that\\nof the physicians he named, the eminent specialist had\\nbeen consulted only once and then had incurred odium\\nby charging an office fee of $10, while the other more\\nprominent physician told me that he knew of no such\\nperson as the patient, although his brother might per-\\nhaps have a patient of that name to my further in-\\nquiries I have had no answer. 1\\n1 Since this paper was read I have had accurate information from the\\nattending physicians showing my correspondent to have been absolutely\\nmisinformed in the premises, however honest in belief.", "height": "5167", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "106 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nWe are now at a point where we may consider\\nwhether the law, as it is, can deal adequately with the\\npractices of Eddyism or whether further legislation is\\ndesirable in the premises.\\nWe have a statute in this state making it a misde-\\nmeanor for any one not a licensed physician to prac-\\ntice medicine. There are also requirements as to re-\\nporting contagious diseases, deaths, etc., with all of\\nwhich you are familiar. Under the medical law, the\\nonly puzzling question is, in a given case, whether the\\nacts proved constitute practice of medicine. A clever\\nsaying I have had occasion to quote before, in this\\nconnection is, that it is one thing to renounce the\\ndevil and all his works, and a very different and more\\ndifficult matter to recognize the devil and his works\\nwhen you encounter them. No effort has been made,\\nso far as I know to punish in our state s courts the\\npractice of Christian Science as an offence under the\\nPublic Health Law, which contains no definition of\\nmedical practice as do the statutes of some other\\nstates. It is true that the daily press reported re-\\ncently the conviction of a Christian Scientist in\\nBrooklyn. The defendant in that case, however, was\\nnot an Eddyite but some other species of divine or\\nmental healer, and moreover, had administered ma-\\nterial remedies, upon which fact a conviction was pro-\\ncured. 1 On the other hand in a civil case, Smith v.\\nLane, our Supreme Court held, some years ago, that a\\nmasseur was not a practitioner of medicine and made\\nthe test of such practice to consist in the prescription\\n1 This was the case in which the photograph forming the frontispiece\\nwas taken. See preface. About the time this paper was read a similar\\ncase decided in like manner was reported in Chicago. People v. Bratseh,\\nChic. Law Journal, Sept. 15, 1899, Vol. IV., N. O. 397.", "height": "5170", "width": "3348", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 107\\nor administration of drugs or remedies or the use of\\ninstruments. This is manifestly an imperfect defini-\\ntion and it would have been better perhaps, had the\\ncourt confined itself to deciding that the facts proven\\nin the particular case, did not constitute such practice,\\nwithout essaying to make a general definition, which\\nis a more difficult task than on its face it appears to\\nbe. In the matter of business fraud courts have been\\nwiser and contented themselves in each case with de-\\nciding whether the proven facts constitute a fraud,\\navoiding a general definition of fraud itself with full\\nknowledge that to define that protean malfeasance\\nwould only make easy the way of the transgressor.\\nSo, then, although the point has not been specifically\\ndecided in a criminal action under the medical law it\\nis probable that in such a prosecution our courts would\\nhold that the attempt to treat the sick by mental or\\npseudo-religious methods alone does not constitute the\\npractice of medicine. In Rhode Island and Ohio, the\\ncase of Smith v. Lane has been followed. In Ne-\\nbraska and Illinois, it has been repudiated as incon-\\nsistent with the statutes of those states, but under the\\nnew medical law of Illinois, it would seem that Chris-\\ntian Scientists have been influential enough to secure\\nexemption for their business.\\nWe may assert then, that Eddy ism is not punishable\\nunder the medical law of this state unless the defini-\\ntion of Smith v. Lane shall be repudiated.\\nSo far as the reporting of contagious diseases, in-\\nflamed eyes of babies, births and deaths by medical\\nattendants in charge, the law is as you know substan-\\ntially as follows", "height": "5190", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "108 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nThere are first the general laws authorizing the\\ncreation of local boards of health with certain\\npowers, among them that of making and enforcing\\nproper ordinances, and providing a penalty for dis-\\nobedience.\\n397 of the Penal Code provides that a fine not\\nexceeding $2,000 or imprisonment not exceeding one\\nyear or both may be inflicted upon any one violating\\na provision of the health law not otherwise punished,\\nor violating or refusing or omitting to obey, a lawful\\norder or regulation of such a board.\\n288 of that code provides for the reporting of\\ninflamed eyes of an infant within the age of two\\nweeks by the medical attendant, midwife or person\\nhaving the child in charge. It also requires a person\\nhaving by law the duty of furnishing medical at-\\ntention to a child, so to do under the penalty of mis-\\ndemeanor.\\n1172 of the Greater New York charter authorizes\\nthe Board of Health to make ordinances, violation of\\nwhich shall be a misdemeanor.\\n145 to 158 of the New York City Sanitary Code,\\nand I presume of other codes, provide for reports of\\ncontagious diseases by physicians, lodging housekeep-\\ners, masters of vessels, undertakers and others, and\\n5 defines the term Physician to include dentists and\\nevery other person who practices about the cure of\\nthe sick or injured, or who has the charge of, or pro-\\nfessionally prescribes for any person sick, injured or\\ndiseased and any person who pursues the business of\\nor acts as a midwife a definition as you see very\\ndifferent from and much wider than that of Smith v.", "height": "5179", "width": "3357", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFOKE THE LAW. 109\\nLane, and quite broad enough to include Christian\\nScientists.\\nWe may now consider first what, if any, is the civil\\nliability of Christian Scientists for injuries resulting\\nfrom their ignorance and lack of skill, to their pa-\\ntients. Second, is a Christian Scientist guilty of man-\\nslaughter or murder in case his patient dies, as a result\\nof his neglect to use, or his prevention of, means that\\ndemonstrably would have saved life\\nThe rule of law is well established, that one who\\nwith culpable ignorance or recklessness, undertakes a\\nduty requiring for its proper performance, special\\nknowledge, skill or care, is answerable for the ill\\neffects of his malfeasance. In the law of bailments\\nthe degree of care required of the bailee has been\\nsaid to depend in some measure upon the compensa-\\ntion. Thus if A give to B, a warehouse man, valu-\\nables for storage and pay therefor, more care is re-\\nquired of A than where B gives the goods to a friend\\nto be cared for gratuitously, although even in the\\nlatter case, the friend would not be absolved from all\\ncare. It has been often sought to apply this doctrine\\nin cases of medical malpractice, the argument being\\nmade that one who undertakes the cure of the sick\\nwithout fee should be held to a less degree of skill and\\ncare than where compensation is given or promised.\\nBut against this view the courts have set their faces\\nrightly holding to be barbarous the doctrine that a\\nmedical man may be careless with the afflicted poor\\nbut must be careful with the rich and although the\\nlaws of some states only forbid unlicensed medical\\npractice in cases where fees are taken, still the re-", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "110 CHRISTIAN SCIEKCE.\\nceipt of fee is not an essential element of such practice,\\nas a rule, and does not affect the liability for mal-\\npractice. It has been said also, that although the rule\\nis, that a physician s duty to his patient implies the\\npossession by the former of at least the average\\nknowledge and skill of his profession, regard being\\nhad to the state of medical science, and the applica-\\ntion by him of that skill and knowledge with at least\\nthe ordinary and usual care of his fellow-practitioners,\\nstill where one professes to follow a certain school or\\nsystem of medicine, he is to be held to its standards\\nand not to those of another school; that a homeopath,\\nfor instance, is to be judged by the standards of his\\nown system. The ancient judgment of the Cadi,\\ncited by Puff dendorf is ordinarily given as an illustra-\\ntion of this point. A man having demanded damages\\nof a veterinary for blinding him with an ointment\\nused on the eyes of horses, the Cadi found for de-\\nfendant saying that if plaintiff had not been an ass, he\\nwould not have gone to a horse doctor. This was\\nvery much the line of thought taken by the court in\\nSmith v. Lane above alluded to as defining medical\\npractice in this state. It there appeared that the de-\\nfendant Lane had contracted for the services of Smith,\\na rubber and manipulator, induced by the latter s pre-\\ntension that his treatment relieved the ills of life\\nmarvellously, and almost robbed death of its terrors.\\nAfter taking the treatment, Lane refused to pay the\\nagreed price and Smith brought his action to recover\\nit. Our General Term held that the masseur was en-\\ntitled to his pay, even though his pretences were pre-\\nposterous, since the patient had received the treat-", "height": "5174", "width": "3326", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. Ill\\nment he bargained for, while the fact that he was fool\\nenough to believe the plaintiff s vain boasting was no\\ndefence, and not the court s affair. 1 The law merchant\\nrecognizes a seller s right to praise his wares and to\\nutter any opinion of them, no matter how extravagant,\\nprovided he does not mislead the purchaser of average\\nintelligence, by false statements or fraudulent conceal-\\nment of facts as contrasted with conclusions. If he\\nhas a broken down old horse for sale, the defects of\\nwhich are patent to any man of horse sense, he may\\npraise the brute to the skies as a beautiful creature.\\nAnd, in like manner, the law does not prohibit that\\nself -laudation known in medicine as quacking, which\\nmay be unethical, but is not illegal. It is to be noted\\nhowever, that, in Smith s case, there was no conten-\\ntion that the patient had suffered from the treat-\\nment any injury, damages for which he might have\\noffset against the bill and it might well be that a\\nChristian Scientist, although allowed to collect fees\\nunder the doctrine of that case, might still be held\\nliable for injury resulting from his recklessness in\\nundertaking a duty without skill or knowledge to per-\\nform it.\\nIt is, however, with the criminal or penal, not the\\ncivil side of the law, that we are here concerned and\\nin this domain of the law, the Cadi s judgment is\\nwithout authority for if a veterinary should assume\\nrecklessly to prescribe an equine dose of cathartic for\\na man, as in the merry tale we all have heard, it would\\nnot be a defence in a criminal prosecution growing\\nout of the patient s death that the latter had assented\\n1 See pages 79 and 80 for a further statement of the Court s opinion.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "112 CHKISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nto the treatment. In eases of manslaughter it is the\\nstate, not the individual, that is offended against and\\nit is not to be presumed, even in the absence of specific\\nlegislation, that the state assents to the taking of life\\nby gross recklessness or ignorance. In our own state\\nan attempt at suicide is felony. To aid or abet the\\nattempt is also felony, and to aid, abet, advise or en-\\ncourage the suicide is manslaughter in the first degree\\nunder the penal code, and has been held to be murder.\\nIf A says to B, I will give you $50 to kill me, and B\\nobligingly does so, the latter s felonious act is not the\\nless murder because of A s request or his payment of\\nthe fee. And so if A is fool enough to submit to reck-\\nless and ignorant practice for the cure of his actual\\nor imagined maladies, his assent should not absolve an\\nignorant or reckless practitioner from criminal liability\\nfor the fatal result of his malpractice. Even if the rule\\nbe sound that each practitioner is to be judged by the\\nsystem he professes, it should be at least established\\nthat he follows a system based upon, or at least not\\ncontrary to, ordinary observation and experience. He\\ncannot call his whims and vagaries a system. Ac-\\ncordingly in Massachusetts not long ago, when there\\nwas no medical law in that state, a quack was held by\\nthe Supreme Court, in a carefully reasoned opinion by\\nMr. Justice Holmes, now its Chief Justice, to have\\nbeen properly convicted of manslaughter for causing\\nthe death of a woman by keeping her swathed in\\nflannels, saturated with kerosene; and that learned\\ncourt, repudiating as unsound, or ill-reported, the\\nearlier Massachusetts case, acquitting Thomson,\\nfounder of the Botanic or Thomsonian School, a case", "height": "5178", "width": "3341", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 113\\nextensively followed in other states, intimated that\\nthe kerosene practitioner might have been properly\\nconvicted of murder. 1\\nIn a case occurring in your own county, last\\nspring, the Grand Jury refused to indict, as I under-\\nstand, because, upon the evidence before it, the ac-\\ncused was not shown to have done more than render\\nthe religious offices of the cult to the deceased, the\\nformer testifying in her own behalf, that she received\\nno fee, did not assume care of the case, medically, and\\nhad even suggested to the deceased, the propriety of\\ncalling in medical aid. While tried by the ordinary\\nteaching and customs of the Christian Scientists,\\nwho do assume full charge of such cases, and not only\\nreceive fees but teach that the patient gets well quicker\\nif he pays a fat one, this statement of the accused\\nlacked veri-similitude, yet, if believed, it of course, ex-\\nculpated her. But, in the hypothetical case put to\\nMr. Carol Norton, as to which he refused to commit\\nhimself, there can be no doubt that a Christian Scien-\\ntist would be guilty of manslaughter if not murder. I\\nsaid to that gentleman, if a lad should accidentally\\nsever an artery and surgical aid were accessible, would\\nyou presume to set that aid aside, and essay to staunch\\nthe gush of arterial blood by your mental processes\\nalone? The question presented a dilemma; to say\\nthat he would not do so, implied lack of faith in the\\ndoctrine he teaches and practices for a livelihood to\\nadmit that he would do so, would confess willingness\\nto commit felony. Is it any wonder that he preferred\\nto shelve the question\\n1 See contents for paper on Manslaughter, pp. 73 to 77.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "114 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nOn this point, then, we may feel assured that the\\nmalpractice of a Christian Scientist resulting in death\\nwould be a criminal offence under the law, and a ver-\\ndict by a jury finding one guilty thereof, would be up-\\nheld; by malpractice I mean the substitution with\\ngross recklessness or ignorance, or both, of mental proc-\\nesses obviously inefficacious, for medical or surgical\\nprocesses demonstrably efficacious, resulting in the\\ndeath of the patient.\\nIt remains to consider the desirability of further\\nlegislation in the premises.\\nPersonally, as already indicated, I am not and\\nnever have been a zealous advocate of too much legis-\\nlation. Our statute book has already upon it many\\nlaws that might be judiciously obliterated. A statute\\nto be effective should be enforceable, and enforced\\nwith moderation, with wisdom, and without any sus-\\npicion of oppression, gain, or blackmail, upon the part\\nof those charged with its administration. It is safe to\\nsay that the medical laws have been so enforced, oth-\\nerwise there would be a strong popular movement for\\ntheir repeal, such as has arisen and been successfully\\ncarried out heretofore. There is no use in shutting\\none s eye to facts. Many of the laws that are gotten\\nthrough ostensibly for the public welfare, are really\\nfor the private good of individuals or organizations,\\nand they are intrinsically selfish rather than public\\nspirited. Medical legislation is in a sense, a very\\nlimited sense, inderogation of the right of every man\\nto employ his knowledge and talents in winning his\\nbread freely obviously, therefore, there is a point be-\\nyond which it cannot go, and that. point. is, the limit", "height": "5173", "width": "3334", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 115\\nof what is necessary to protect the public health and\\nindividual citizens against the evil effects of ignorance\\nand unskilfulness in the performance of a duty re-\\nquiring knowledge and skill of the highest standard.\\nTo say that no one should practice Christian Science\\nor any other method of curing the sick, would not be\\ndesirable, politic, or just. To require, as has been sug-\\ngested, that all sick men should call in physicians, is\\ntoo absurd a proposition for serious consideration.\\nThe utmost that can be properly enacted as law is that\\nno one shall be allowed to engage in the business of\\nhealing the sick and the injured, except those who\\nhave procured licenses by demonstrating that they are\\npossessed of a fair knowledge of those branches of\\ngeneral and special knowledge which the general opin-\\nion of mankind agrees are requisite to fit them for the\\nproper discharge of the duty which they seek to assume.\\nAll men whose opinions are worthy of consideration,\\nagree that to fit one to deal with human infirmities, a\\ncourse of study in, and knowledge of, certain branches\\nof science is necessary. One should know something\\nof anatomy, of physiology, of diet, of the action of\\ndrugs and poisons, of remedies and antidotes, of the\\nmechanism of labor, in short, of what is generally\\nknown as medical science. By demonstrating such\\nknowledge he procures his license. He is not called\\nupon, and should not be called upon, to follow any\\ncut and dried system, but should be left to the exer-\\ncise of his judgment, being responsible to his patient,\\nand also to the community, for his abuse of that judg-\\nment. He would be a very foolish man who did not\\nvary his treatment in different cases, who did not seek", "height": "5169", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "116 CHKISTIAJST SCIENCE.\\nto widen his knowledge, who would belittle the great\\nforce of suggestion, or refuse to save his patient by\\nsome method that was not strictly secundum artem.\\nA person so licensed might practice Christian Science\\nregularly if he saw fit to do so, but, if I may be par-\\ndoned borrowing the language of our sporting friends,\\nthe odds are heavy, that he would not do so. This\\nthen is the sum of the whole matter. The state has a\\nperfect right to require of persons practicing medi-\\ncine, essaying the cure and care of the sick as a busi-\\nness, a requisite degree of knowledge. Of this princi-\\nple the Supreme Court of the nation, and those of\\nmost of our states, have expressed approval. The gen-\\neral opinion of mankind approves of it.\\nBut, the Christian Scientists say, no education\\nshould be required of us because we do not practice\\nmedicine. The Supreme Court of Rhode Island took\\nthis view of the matter in the Mylod case, and even\\nwent so far as gravely to suggest that if Christian\\nScientists are to be considered as practitioners of\\nmedicine, then they should be entitled to a State\\nBoard of their own, as are homeopaths and eclectics.\\nA lawyer instinctively professes, or expresses the\\nhighest respect for the court but in reading this\\nopinion one cannot help recalling the opening of a\\ndistinguished Massachusetts lawyer, who began his ar-\\ngument by saying, Your Honors, I have the highest\\nrespect for the Court\u00e2\u0080\u0094 except in a few gross cases.\\nIt seems to me, and this is said with all due deference,\\nthat the learned Rhode Island Court in making this\\nobiter suggestion missed the whole point of the mat-\\nter. The Christian Scientists are not in the same", "height": "5179", "width": "3333", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "CHKISTIAK SCIENCE BEFOKE THE LAW. 117\\ncategory with homeopaths, eclectics, or any body of\\nmen who, whatever their scientific opinions call them\\nwhims and vagaries if you will, nevertheless profess\\nto found their systems upon human knowledge, ex-\\nperience, and belief in the laws of what we call mat-\\nter, and to accept as a rule the fundamental knowledge\\nof mankind and the evidence of the senses. Why\\nshould not the Christian Scientists have a State Board\\nof Examiners upon the same terms as other schools or\\nsystems professing to cure the sick We have three\\nMedical Boards in this state, representing the regular\\nphysicians and what are called the schools of home-\\nopathy and eclectism. These schools profess to differ\\nfrom the regular profession only or chiefly in their\\nmethods of treatment. As a matter of fact we lay-\\nmen believe, rightly or wrongly, that the learned\\namong them are in substantial accord. However that\\nmay be, there is no pretence that there is any home-\\nopathic anatomy, or eclectic physiology, or that chil-\\ndren are born by different methods in short, these\\ndiffering schools are agreed upon the same funda-\\nmentals of what has been exactly achieved in medical\\nlearning. They all recognize that no man can be\\nequipped for medical practice under any system, who\\nignores the basic facts of life and our examining\\nboards subject all candidates for license to the same\\nexaminations in every department of medicine except\\nin therapeutics. Now what objection would there be\\nto letting Christian Scientists have a state board under\\nthese conditions, greater than the objection the Chris-\\ntian Scientists themselves would raise If Mrs. Eddy\\nor Mr, Norton, or any of the cult could demonstrate", "height": "5175", "width": "3246", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "118 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nthe possession of that knowledge of anatomy, physi-\\nology, hygiene, the action of drugs and poisons, ob-\\nstetrics and other matters which all men, worthy to\\nbe called scientific, agree are necessary to fit one to\\ncare for the sick, why should he and she not be allowed\\nto practice Mrs. Eddy s system, if, having attained to\\nsuch knowledge, they still believed that system to\\ncontain the true therapeutic? Of course I do not\\nwish to be understood as favoring any such a proposi-\\ntion, or believing it practicable. I do not believe it\\npossible that persons conversant with the human\\neconomy would be content to practice Eddyism but\\non the contrary, believe that if such a board as the\\nRhode Island Court suggested were established, it\\nwould result in the practice of medicine by Christian\\nScientists, even if they still kept to their name for the\\nsake of the clientelage it would bring.\\nBut how can a State Board be constituted to ex-\\namine in scientific matters a class of persons who deny\\nthe existence of scientific knowledge as do the Eddy-\\nites, who deny the existence of matter, of disease or\\ninjury, of everything that is recognized throughout\\nChristendom as a material fact How that wise Pa-\\ngan Socrates would have laughed over the proposition\\nthat man is fitted to cure sickness in proportion to\\nhis denial of its existence How he would have rev-\\nelled in putting Mrs. Eddy and her board of lecturers\\nthrough such a cross examination as he gave to Eu-\\nthydemus Socrates, whose sane mind preached con-\\nstantly one gospel, that man must be trained and\\nfitted for his work in order to do it well, that a pilot\\nmust know all about vessels and steering; a tailor", "height": "5177", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BEFORE THE LAW. 119\\nabout fabrics and cutting a statesman about govern-\\nment and law and a physician about the human\\neconomy. The solemn nonsense uttered by intelli-\\ngent men in support of this cunning and ignorant old\\nlady s money -making scheme would be enough to\\nmake the gods shake with Olympian laughter, except\\nthat tears and wrath chase away the smiles when we\\ncontemplate how horrible it is to subject even the\\nwilling and credulous to the treatment of these mad\\npeople. It is bad enough to realize the mistakes of\\ndiagnosis and treatment made by men of skill and\\nlearning. No one but a fool believes that physicians\\nare infallible, or that medicine is a perfect science\\nno one with an atom of sense would consent to have\\nthe present medical practice established by law and\\nthe wheels of progress stopped. It is tiresome but\\nnecessary to say this a thousand times, in answer to\\nthe wearisome iteration of the quack fraternity, that\\nmedical law is only designed to maintain the present.\\nHow can we keep patience with the ever-recurring\\nargument that because the learned and skilful make\\nsome mistakes, the ignorant and inept should have\\nfree hand to make errors innumerable Why must\\nwe forever answer seriously the argument, or rather\\nthe asseveration, that there is something solemnly\\nprecious in ignorance and something suspicious in\\nknowledge A schoolboy who has once read Cicero s\\noration for Archias has the answer to this dismal pat-\\nter forever on his lips.\\nLet us illustrate, with a few examples, just what\\nChristian Science demands the right to do ignorantly,\\nand what its opponents say should only be attempted", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "120 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nwith knowledge and skill. Childbirth is not a dis-\\nease or a sickness but the healthy operation of a\\nnormal function. Without any attendance at all, or\\nwith the attendance of a Christian Scientist,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it is the\\nsame thing, children are constantly brought into the\\nworld with labor and great pain. But, in our modern\\nlife especially, there are complications demanding the\\nhighest skill for their safe treatment and pain, if not\\nbanished, may be minimized. How horrible it is to\\nimagine a case of placenta praevia, or an abnormal\\npresentation in the hands of these mad people who\\npretend that the mere reading of Mrs. Eddy s book of\\njargon fits the reader to take care of any case of sick-\\nness or obstetrics Is it much if anything short of\\nmurder for an Eddyite, taught only by the contents\\nof that dreary book to attend such cases as those sup-\\nposed Again, a child swallows poison then there\\nis a possibility, a probability, it may be a certainty,\\nthat competent medical aid seasonably called in, will\\nsave the child what is to be thought of the parent\\nwho calls in the ignorant Christian Scientist, what of\\nthe latter who mentally argues with the symptoms of\\npoisoning that he cannot recognize and excludes the\\nnecessary and efficient aid Is he not a man slaugh-\\nterer, nay a murderer Once more, a case of small-\\npox, malignant diphtheria, or scarlet fever breaks out\\nin a tenement house full of children; medical aid being\\ncalled may cure it, or, at all events, recognizing the\\ndisease, may isolate the patient, disinfect the premises\\nand stop the spread of contagion. The Christian\\nScientist comes, in his crass ignorance denies that there\\nis any disease present and sits down in solemn mad-", "height": "5175", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIEKCE BEFORE THE LAW. 121\\nness to argue with what he calls an erroneous belief\\nof mortal mind the contagion spreads and there is a\\nnew slaughter of innocents. Is not the so-called\\nscientist a pest, and should he not be incarcerated in a\\nprison or a madhouse where the community may be\\nsafe from him in the future\\nThere is no further provision of law needed to deal\\nwith these people than to widen the definition of\\nmedical practice sufficiently to correspond with that\\nof the sanitary code require of them before they are\\npermitted to take charge of the sick, the same degree\\nof knowledge that is required of a Roman Catholic, a\\nProtestant or a Mohammedan. Is it too much to ask\\nthat the legislature do this, or shall we accept the\\nargument\u00e2\u0080\u0094and it is the only one that is made in be-\\nhalf of these people, that any scoundrel or sincere\\nfanatic may commit any wicked act for reward and\\nshelter himself under the plea that he considered it\\nhis religious duty to commit the offence.\\nIf all men were wise, if fallacies did not have a\\nfascination for intelligent minds, if in our own day as\\never since the world began, every unknown thing\\nwere not for some minds a wonderful thing, if an age\\nof scepticism were not also notoriously an age of\\ncredulity, there would not be need even of this much\\nlegislation. It is for you and for other men of your\\nprofession and for laymen as well to turn the light\\ninto this reeking corner of superstition, strip the dis-\\nguise away and show what is below it and you will\\nnot have need even of this much law, for after all the\\nlaw has never been able to protect a fool against the\\nconsequence of his folly.", "height": "5175", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5169", "width": "3325", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "HOW EAR CAN LEGISLATION AID IN MAINTAINING\\nA PROPER STANDARD OF MEDICAL\\nEDUCATION\\nMr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen I desire,\\nfirst of all, to express my indebtedness to those gentle-\\nmen in the different States and Territories of this coun-\\ntry and in the British Provinces to whose courteous\\nreplies to a circular letter of inquiry upon the general\\ntopic of Medical Legislation, sent to them in the\\nearly part of the summer, it is due that the conclusions\\nof this paper may be said with fairness, I think, to rep-\\nresent not only the opinion of others besides myself,\\nbut prevailing opinions among those whose chief in-\\nterest in medical legislation is that it shall confine the\\npractice of medicine to educated persons, regardless of\\nany particular views they may entertain as to ques-\\ntions of therapeutics.\\nIt is not intended to present statistics here. My\\ncorrespondence has not yielded any from which I\\nshould care to deduce conclusions, nor are they needed\\nto substantiate what I hope may prove fair reasoning\\nand sound deduction.\\nThis paper must be, therefore, a statement of what\\nI conceive to be general principles and fair inferences\\nfrom an experience of some years, as counsel of the\\n1 Read before the American Social Science Association, Sept. 5, 1888.\\n123", "height": "5177", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "124 CHKISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nmedical societies of the State and of the county of\\nNew York, in drafting and securing the enactment of\\nthe present by no means perfect medical statute of\\nthat State, and enforcing in the county of New York\\nobedience to its provisions.\\nIt may be said, however, as the general result of the\\ninquiries, which were made in every State and Terri-\\ntory of this country, and also in the British Provinces,\\nthat almost every reply to the circulars expressed ap-\\nproval of some system of regulating by statute the\\npractice of medicine and the opinion was also strongly\\nexpressed that such legislation as has been already en-\\nacted crude and imperfect though it be, has perceptibly\\nimproved the standard of medical education.\\nAt the threshold of this inquiry, it is worth while\\nto lay down certain postulates.\\nFirst of all, let it be said distinctly that such legisla-\\ntion as we are about to consider is regarded by the\\ncourts both as constitutional and as highly desirable.\\nIt ought to be scarcely necessary to have to say this.\\nBut the opponents of statutory regulation of medical\\npractice so constantly declare it to be an infringe-\\nment of the liberties of the citizen, and therefore un-\\nconstitutional, that one may well preface any remarks\\nof this nature with the assurance that, so far as any\\nprinciple can be considered as settled and approved by\\njudicial authority, the principle involved in this sort of\\nlegislation stands settled and approved by the Su-\\npreme Court of the United States, and that of every\\nlesser commonwealth before which it has been\\nbrought.\\nIn the second place, it is necessary to state the only", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 125\\nprinciple upon which such legislation can be justified.\\nThat principle is salus populi, the principle of secu-\\nrity, of self -protection against fraud and ignorance. It\\nis a vulgar and frequent assertion of foolish persons,\\nwho really believe in the ^^-supernatural powers\\nof the ignorant and depraved, and of knaves who,\\nprofessing to have such powers, prey upon the credu-\\nlity of their suffering fellow-creatures that the only\\npurpose of medical legislation is to increase the emolu-\\nments of a favored class by obstructing entrance into\\nit with such barriers as will exclude many honest but\\nignorant voters from the right to practice physic, and\\nso, by limiting the number of its practitioners to the\\neducated, lessen competition. It is not necessary to\\ndemonstrate to you the falsity of this slander, or to\\nargue in favor of the propriety and justice in princi-\\nple of throwing safeguards about a profession intrusted\\nmore than any other with the health, honor, and life\\nof the citizen. Surely the State has a right to protect\\nthe lives, health, and bodily welfare of its members\\nagainst the assault of the charlatan quite as much as\\nagainst the assault of a more courageous homicide.\\nNor is it altogether an answer to this argument to say\\nthat, inasmuch as a man voluntarily selects the char-\\nlatan as his medical attendant, while he exercises no\\nchoice as to the homicide, there is no analogy between\\nthe two cases. It is quite impossible for me to see in\\nwhat regard, except cowardice, a man who, with ab-\\nsolutely no knowledge of the human economy or the\\neffect upon it of drugs, attempts to practice medicine\\nfor fee or reward differs, when his practice proves\\nfatal, from the less crafty murderer who for reward,", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "126 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nif not for fee, knocks his victim on the head. There\\nis this difference also between the two offences,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\nquack s is chronic, the homicide s sporadic. But, as\\nbetween the courageous homicide and the venders of\\nquack remedies compounded with morphia and like\\npoisons, the former seems admirable. It is said, in-\\ndeed, that the patient having his choice of medical\\nadvisers will exercise it wisely and, if he does not,\\nthe civil remedy for malpractice, accruing to himself\\nor his representatives, is a sufficient remedy for one\\nfoolish enough to seek such advice. But civil remedies\\nare expensive luxuries of doubtful result, and, besides\\nthat, the interest of the community does not centre in\\npunishing an offence committed on one of its mem-\\nbers, but in preventing its repetition against others.\\nI am not aware that it is recognized as a defence to a\\ncharge of homicide occurring, say, in the prize-ring,\\nthat the deceased invited his antagonist to fight with\\nhim in an amiable contention for a purse, which should\\nbe the fee or reward of the victor; and, indeed, it\\nseems to me that the prize-fighter, unlucky enough to\\nkill his opponent, deserves more sympathy than the\\ncharlatan for his antagonist had a chance to win the\\nfee and perhaps do the killing himself, whereas be-\\ntween quack and patient the former stands to win the\\nfee, while the latter will never compel his adviser to\\nswallow his own prescription.\\nIn considering what legislation can do in bettering\\nany social condition, we must never forget that the\\nbest law which can be framed is but an exceedingly\\nclumsy instrument for the enforcement of even the\\nelementary moral obligations that are clear to all of", "height": "5170", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 127\\nus. Almost everybody of cultivation can see a reason\\nfor prohibiting not for the sake of those directly\\ninterested, but as harmful to the community prize-\\nfights, duels, bull-fights, bridge jumpings, and all other\\nperformances, including suicide, whereby foolish men\\nnot only risk their own lives, which might be no great\\nloss to us, but set a pernicious and demoralizing ex-\\nample. The offence against society by such precedents\\nis so palpable and gross that a very crude mind will\\nassent to the justice of their punishment when com-\\nmitted and the forbidding of their occurrence. But\\nthe transgression of the charlatan is somewhat more\\nsubtle and a thousandfold more dangerous yet, be-\\ncause his services are sought by his victim in the\\nbelief that they are a prevention, not a source of\\ndanger, many consider his acts as matter of private\\ninterest, and overlook the public wrong. From the\\nstandpoint of morals alone, the quack, from whose\\nignorance, and worse than ignorance, a patient s death\\nresults, stands in the same relation to one who has\\ncommitted murder while engaged in robbery that the\\nsubtle wrecker of a great corporation does to the un-\\nlucky scamp who has stolen the wherewithal to get\\nhis daily bread or rum, as the case might be. The\\ndifficulty of tracing the effect to its cause is the safety\\nof the former offender, and it is not unfair to say that\\nthe chief wrongdoing punishable by law is clumsiness\\nin execution. To succeed in crime, one must be an\\nartist.\\nIt is when we come to seek a legal remedy against\\nthe immoralities of quackery that the difficulty of\\nreaching them without making laws themselves ob-", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "128 CHEISTIAK SCIENCE.\\njectionable becomes apparent. Bentham has very-\\nwell pointed out that moral and statutory law have\\nidentical purposes and are governed by the same\\nprinciples, differing only in this that, although both\\nare circumferences in the same plane, they are con-\\ncentric and of unequal radii. Each circumference has\\nthe same centre, namely, the greatest happiness of\\neach and of all; but the circumference of morals\\nbounds the entire plane of human action, whereas that\\nof law, of which the radius may be said to be prac-\\nticability of enforcement, has a much narrower scope.\\nWhatever is legal is, or certainly should be, moral.\\nBut there are a thousand moralities the attempt to\\nenforce which by law would lead to evils far greater\\nthan those sought to be obviated. In one sense, law\\nitself may be almost called an evil, since it is not only\\na restriction of freedom in action, but a restriction\\nwhich unfortunately can often be enforced only at the\\ncost of inflicting lesser evils than it is designed to\\nprevent thus, for example, the existing medical stat-\\nutes of most of our States recognize, as the sole\\nlicense for the practice of medicine, the possession by\\nthe licentiate of a diploma from a chartered college\\nconferring the degree of doctor of medicine. And,\\nwhile it may be perfectly true that the probabilities\\nare greatly in favor of a beneficial result from these\\nlaws in limiting the number of uneducated practition-\\ners of physic, it is also quite as true that a factitious\\nvalue is given by such legislation to a mere parchment,\\nand a standard set which cannot be higher than that\\nof the poorest college the diploma of which is recog-\\nnized as a license and it is quite possible that in many", "height": "5169", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 129\\ncases persons of fair attainments acquired through\\nextra collegiate study may be debarred, temporarily\\nat all events, from a right possessed by a far more\\nignorant graduate of some contemptible school incor-\\nporated by a too complaisant legislature. These inci-\\ndental hardships under existing laws are more than\\noffset by the increased security of society against\\nignorant pretenders but they show how necessary it\\nis to keep it in mind that a statute must be not only\\nright in its purpose, but must neither work greater\\nevil than it prevents nor be impracticable of enforce-\\nment.\\nOf course, no penal or restrictive law can be effect-\\nively enforced if its purpose does not commend itself\\nto the moral sense of the community and every en-\\nactment that cannot be vigorously enforced is an en-\\ncumbrance to the statute book, useless lumber, like\\nthe purchases of Mrs. Toodles at auction-rooms of\\ncoffins and door-plates that might be handy some day,\\nnay, worse than useless, for, like lumber in a dark\\ngarret, such statutes are stumbling-blocks for the un-\\nwary.\\nThe law is a schoolmaster over and above all things.\\nIts chief value lies in the fact that its daily enforce-\\nment is a constant voice crying in the wilderness\\nagainst the evils that it prohibits and punishes. Any\\none so unfortunate, or perhaps I should say fortunate,\\nas to be called often to a police court must at times\\nfeel that the attempt by legislation to check even the\\ngross and palpable crimes against person and property\\nis a never-ending toil of Sisyphus. The stone seems\\nto roll back every night as far as it is rolled up every", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "130 CHKISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nmorning. The same faces turn up, the same crimes\\nare committed over and over by the same persons.\\nWe grow disheartened when we seek the good effect\\nof a penal statute among the individuals who have\\nfelt its heavy hand, and this is most sincerely to be\\nregretted, but we pluck up heart when we see the\\nnumber of individuals who are deterred from crime\\nand educated to an appreciation of the common rights\\nby the law s enforcement.\\nThe chief purpose of legislators in times past was\\nthe punishment and remedy of evil committed. The\\ntendency of modern law is toward prevention. \u00c2\u00a5e\\nare seeing more and more the wisdom of the clever\\nIrishman who hollered before he was hurt, because\\nhe could see little use in hallooing afterward.\\nWhat has been said up to this point may seem, per-\\nhaps, if not irrelevant to the topic, nevertheless such\\na statement of general principles as it is not necessary\\nto make before an audience of students of social\\nscience. And, if the words uttered here found no\\naudience beyond these walls, it might have been well\\nto consider only the desirable features of a good\\nmedical act. But I owe the honor of being asked to\\naddress you to the fact that it has been my profes-\\nsional privilege for some years to advise those medical\\nsocieties that have been striving to protect both the\\npublic and the medical profession of the State of New\\nYork against pretenders. What is said here is carried\\nto many beyond reach of our voices. What to you\\nmay be truisms are to many intelligent men theorems\\nto be demonstrated. Medical legislation is never\\nasked for, but a cloud of misunderstanding and mig-", "height": "5167", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 131\\nstatement at once arises, and the proposed measure is\\nattacked as unsound in principle and unfair in practice.\\nIt has therefore seemed proper both to clear away\\nall such mistiness before answering in the most gen-\\neral terms the question at the head of this paper, and\\nto make plain to every one who may hear or read these\\nwords the spirit in which the medical societies of New\\nYork are acting in this matter, a spirit that must\\ncommend itself to men of fair minds and common sense.\\nStarting, then, with these general principles, that\\nunder its police power the State has authority to reg-\\nulate the practice of medicine, and that no law can be\\nof real utility that cannot be enforced actively, we\\nmay examine within what limits it is wise to exercise\\nthat authority, and how far its exercise can aid in\\nmaintaining a proper standard of medical education.\\nIf no law can be effectively enforced that arouses\\nstrong antagonism in the community at large, it is\\nmanifest that a medical law enacted to favor any\\nspecial class of practitioners of medicine, to uphold or\\nsuppress any theory of medical practice, to establish\\nany set of regulations as to fees, or that is otherwise\\nobnoxious to the great body of citizens would prob-\\nably soon become a dead letter and positively harmful\\nto the whole medical profession. In the Medical Rec-\\nord of September 11, 1886, I endeavored, in an article\\nentitled the Evolution of the Apothecary, l to illus-\\ntrate this point by tracing the struggle of the College\\nof Phvsicians to reserve to its licentiates the exclu-\\nt/\\nsive right under its charter to prescribe medicine.\\nAfter some two hundred years of successful prosecu-\\n1 See page 145.", "height": "5179", "width": "3245", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "132 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\ntions of apothecaries and others, the college met its\\nWaterloo in 1703, when Apothecary Rose, on his ap-\\npeal to the House of Lords from the judgment of the\\ncourts in favor of the college, succeeded in having his\\nappeal sustained, not on points of law, but because the\\nsystem in vogue seemed to the Peers absurd, as neces-\\nsitating the employment in trifling cases of two or\\nthree persons at large fees, a physician to prescribe,\\nan apothecary to dispense, and perhaps a surgeon to\\noperate, a state of things that a Peer would not sub-\\nmit to in the case of his sick servant, and would not\\nrequire a poor man to submit to in his own case. The\\nphysicians had their fee system and their professional\\npride to thank for their defeat in this as in some other\\ninstances. This decision having made it possible for\\nevery ignoramus to tinker with the health of John\\nBull, it happened in time that the apothecaries, who had\\nrouted the physicians on the point of fees and acquired\\na right to prescribe as well as dispense their own\\ndrugs, after a hundred years experience of the results\\nof their freedom, during which period general medical\\neducation had sunk to a dismal condition and quackery\\nhad flowered abundantly, procured from Parliament\\nthe amendment to their charter known as the Apoth-\\necaries Act, whereby their Hall was empowered to ex-\\namine and license apothecaries. The enactment of\\nthis statute according to Sir Henry Halford, who had\\nopposed its passage, raised the standard of that\\nbranch of the profession amazingly.\\nIn other words, the very men who procured the ex-\\ntension to themselves of the right to prescribe, because\\nof the burdensome regulations of the physician, solic-", "height": "5166", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 133\\nited a restriction of that right when they found that\\ncharlatanry and ignorance were rapidly getting con-\\ntrol of general practice. In this page of history, we\\nfind evidence that a law prescribing, with a view to\\nthe general good, educational qualifications for practi-\\ntioners of physic will obtain favor where statutes par-\\ntaking of a trades-union spirit, using that word not in\\nits better sense, will fail. I use the term trades-\\nunion here for lack of a better, and not as one neces-\\nsarily conveying an objectionable idea. In the sense\\nthat a trades-union is a combination of artificers to im-\\nprove their moral, physical, and mental condition by\\nall lawful means consistent with a due regard to the\\nrights of the community at large, it is a perfectly\\nproper organization, and much to be commended as an\\nelement in the common welfare. In so far as such\\na combination, however, seeks to carry out a plan for\\nprocuring high wages by violently obstructing others\\nin their rights to earn a livelihood in legitimate ways,\\nit is an intolerable evil in society. What is true of\\nthe trades-union of artificers is equally true of organi-\\nzations of capital similarly designed but, both in\\nhandicrafts and trade, the ostensible objects of which\\nare avowedly selfish, being the pursuit of wealth or\\nthe earning of livelihood, such combinations as these\\nare more understandable, if not more defensible, than\\nlike combinations among men engaged in the quest of\\nscientific truth. The avowed object of incorporating\\nmedical societies is stated in their charters, in New\\nYork at least, to be to contribute to the diffusion of\\ntrue science and particularly the knowledge of the\\nhealing art. When they transgress these limits, and", "height": "5193", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "134 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nseek to establish burdensome fee systems or to forcibly\\ncheck what they consider schismatic opinions, the law-\\ninterferes to restrain them within their proper bounds.\\nThe courts have wisely, in most instances, declined to\\npronounce upon any questions of opinion or to inter-\\npret the word physician in acts regulating medical\\npractice so as to favor the therapeutical systems of any\\nbody of practitioners. It is all one to the law whether\\nthe doctrine of similia or the doctrine of contraria\\nprevail, whether the patient be dosed with the highest\\npotency or the most heroic bolus and this point was\\nsettled finally and wisely in the State of New York\\nby the case of Corsi vs. Maretzek (4 E. D. Smith, 1),\\nwhere the court refused to accept the contention that\\na homeopathist was not a physician in the legal sense\\nof the term because he followed a system of healing\\ndisapproved of by the majority of practitioners of\\nmedicine. No statute can be effective that is even\\nsuspected of the design to shackle or suppress opinion.\\nFree thought is the breath, the life, of the scientific\\nsearch for truth, as humility is its badge. When a\\nman or a profession reaches the point where intoler-\\nance and self-satisfaction take the place of humility\\nand fair inquiry, paresis of the soul has commenced.\\nIt is the law of our existence that\\nThe old order changeth, yielding place to new\\nAnd God fulfils himself in many ways,\\nLest one good custom should corrupt the world.\\nI dwell upon this point because the reason that we\\ndo not have in New York to-day a State Board of\\nMedical Examiners, such as we find in Illinois and\\nEuropean countries, and such as is requisite to any ef-", "height": "5178", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 135\\nf ective scheme for securing a fair average of education\\namong medical licentiates, is due to the fact that it\\nhas proved impossible up to this time to bring into ac-\\ncord as to the organization of such a board regular\\nphysicians, homeopaths, and eclectics. About three-\\nquarters of the entire number of medical practitioners\\nin the State are regular physicians that is, practition-\\ners calling themselves by the name of no school or\\nsect. They number something like six thousand.\\nThe homeopaths and eclectics number about twenty-\\none hundred. Bills to create one or more central\\nboards of medical examiners have been introduced\\ninto the legislature during the last four years at the\\ninstance of each of these parties. These bills have\\nagreed substantially in all points save two first, the\\nexamination in therapeutics and, second, the organ-\\nization of the board. The physicians have insisted\\nthat their numerical ratio of three-fourths entitles them\\nto a representation in the board of at least two-thirds.\\nThe two schools insist that, if this ratio should be\\ngiven, their candidates would be plucked and their\\nschools effaced, and that, when this was accom-\\nplished, the physicians would at once order new vials\\nof enormous size, larger boluses and nastier drugs than\\never before, that even the daughter of the horse-leech\\nwould be silent from satiety, and the cup and lancet\\nwould once more drench the land with gore.\\nIn other words, we have this condition of things\\nThree parties exist whose interests are at stake in the\\nproposed legislation. All declare that they favor re-\\nstricting the practice to men who have studied chemis-\\ntry, botany, physics, anatomy, physiology, diagnosis,", "height": "5179", "width": "3242", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "136 CHRISTIAN SCIEKCE.\\nmicroscopy, etc. The homeopaths and eclectics hold\\nno sectarian views as to the atomic theory or the law\\nof gravitation, and agree with those whom they dub\\nallopaths as to which has the greater number of ribs\\na man or a woman. But, when we come to materia\\nmedica and therapeutics, we find a state of things.\\nCol. Jones, having a severe pain in the vicinity of his\\nsword-belt, sends for his army surgeon, a regular\\nphysician the baby has a sensation in its correspond-\\ning region, and Mrs. Jones calls in her homeopathic\\nadviser, for Jones indulges her in matters affecting\\nher own baby the nurse, experiencing a similar agita-\\ntion, tries an eclectic and the old mammy in the\\nkitchen, feeling a like distress, sticks a pin in the care-\\nfully concealed rag baby she keeps for such occasions.\\nAll experience relief and each, like the pedler who\\nwas kicked off four landings of a factory in quick suc-\\ncession, is lost in admiration of the beauty of the system.\\nLet us admit the truth that, while surgery has be-\\ncome almost an exact science as compared to its sister,\\nphysic, the latter is yet in the condition that un-\\nquestioning faith in the efficacy of medication and a\\nwillingness to break a lance for a system of therapeu-\\ntics is to be found rather at the bottom than at the top\\nof the profession. Therefore, whatever our beliefs or\\nprejudices, we may as well make up our minds that\\nno law will be tolerated that shall endeavor openly or\\ncovertly to favor or obstruct any system of medical\\npractice as a system, regardless of the attainments of\\nits professors. Whatever the facts may be, the law\\nconsiders that the true physician is no blind partisan of\\nany theory. He knows how feeble his best efforts are", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 137\\nto combat disease, how few the medicaments that can be\\nused with certain results. In proportion as he is learned\\nand wise, he pins his faith neither to a doctrine of\\nsimilia nor of contraria, realizing that differences of\\nopinion arise not from knowledge, but from ignorance.\\nThe stumbling-blocks in the way of every effort to\\nachieve wise medical legislation are first, the ig-\\nnorance and greed of the believers in and practicers\\nof ^^m-supernatural methods of treating disease\\nsecond, jealousies among the more intelligent adher-\\nents to isms third, jealousies between the mother\\nchurch of medicine and those of her children that\\nwish to make of their specialties separate professions\\nfourth, the obstruction from vested interests that\\nconsider themselves threatened, the incorporated\\nschools that have some capital invested, and regard\\ntheir power to confer a diploma operating as a license\\nto practice medicine as their chief stock in trade.\\nThe condition of our statute books to-day is this\\nthey contain (1) special acts incorporating medical,\\npharmaceutical, and dental schools, with here and there\\na general act for that purpose (2) acts incorporating\\nmedical societies of physicians and of sectarian prac-\\ntitioners of motley nomenclature (3) general acts regu-\\nlating the practice of physic and surgery (4) general\\nacts regulating the practice of dentistry (5) similar\\nacts regulating the practice of pharmacy (6) sanitary\\nregulations and laws creating health boards.\\nThis jumble is itself an evil and an efficient cause\\nof the propagation of false ideas. A logical law,\\nwhich will of itself be an educator, will recognize that\\nthe principle on which all these statutes are to be de-", "height": "5194", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "138 CHEISTIAK SCIENCE.\\nfended is that already indicated, the right of the\\nState to protect the health as well as the life and the\\nproperty of the citizen. One health statute will then\\nbe enacted, and a responsible board created that will\\nhave in charge the arrangements of quarantine and\\nsanitation and also the licensing of medical practition-\\ners of every sort; and here I contend that the\\ndentist and the pharmacist, thoroughly accomplished\\nin their calling, are both medical men, and that, the\\nsooner they are so recognized, the sooner existing\\njealousies as to them will die out, and the scientific\\ncharacter of the profession and its specialties will be\\nraised. The student of medicine and pharmacy must\\ngo hand in hand for a while at the outset of their\\ncareer. The former goes forward to the battle with\\ndisease. The latter remains behind to provide suit-\\nable ammunition. They are both fighting in the same\\ncause, and will fight much better if each recognizes his\\nfellowship with the other. It is equally true that the\\ndentist is a specialist in medicine. To deny to these\\nmen professional standing is to repeat the history of\\nthe past and to create discord and jealousy among\\nthose who are working in a common cause.\\nLegislation can aid in the education of all these fel-\\nlow-workers chiefly by vesting the licensing power in\\na central Board of Medical Examiners, and, to some\\nextent, under the diploma standard (1) by fixing\\na minimum age under which they will not be allowed\\nto practice their calling (2) by requiring of each of\\nthem a fixed term of study of certainly not less than\\ntwo graded years, leaving to the board, where created,\\nthe care of details (3) by requiring proof by examina-", "height": "5164", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 139\\ntion or certificate that each candidate for license had\\nstudied before beginning his professional course at\\nleast those branches of a general education in which\\nlaw students are examined in this State before they\\ncommence their legal studies (4) by declaring that no\\nmedical school including in the terms schools of\\ndentistry, pharmacy, and midwifery shall be in-\\ncorporated by special act, and providing a general law\\nfor the incorporation of such schools only upon proof\\nmade of the possession by the incorporators of suf-\\nficient capital say not less than a hundred thousand\\ndollars and teaching plant to justify the belief that\\nthe school will be capable of exercising faithfully its\\nfranchises, Such an act should contain stringent pro-\\nvisions for its own enforcement and for the forfeiture\\nof abused charters. How useless the mere enactment\\nmay be is shown by the fact that section six of chapter\\n114 of the New York Sessions Laws of 1853 contains a\\ngeneral provision of this nature. Nevertheless, since\\nits passage, some six or more medical colleges have\\nbeen incorporated by special act of the legislature;\\nand had it not been for the vetoes of Governors Cleve-\\nland and Hill, when their attention was called to this\\ngeneral statute by the medical societies, at least one col-\\nlege would have regained by special act its charter of\\nwhich the courts had deprived it. No greater service\\ncan be rendered to the cause of medical education by\\nthe State than the exercise of care in creating medical\\nschools, and holding them to strict responsibility\\nwhen created. The latter will never be done, I fear,\\nexcept when the laws are invoked by medical societies.\\n(5) A minimum course of medical study should be pre-", "height": "5179", "width": "3243", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "140 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nscribed, in which a grade of at least seventy per cent,\\nshould be attained on examination. The regulation of\\nall details of examination should be most wisely left\\nto the board of examiners. But the topics in which\\nexaminations should be had might well be specified in\\nthe statute; and I incline strongly to think that it\\nwould be most wise to omit any examination in those\\nobscure topics of therapeutics and materia medica,\\nupon which all medical heresies have been begotten\\nby unscientific minds. One who should creditably\\npass his examinations in botany, chemistry, physics,\\nanatomy, surgery, physiology, hygiene, diagnosis, ob-\\nstetrics, and microscopies, especially if his clinical ex-\\namination should show him to be educated in a true\\nsense to observe and draw sound deductions from ob-\\nservation, rather than crammed like a parrot, might\\nwell be trusted to form his own conclusions and pursue\\nhis own studies as judgment should dictate in the terra\\nincognita of therapeutics.\\nIt has been already said, but it cannot be repeated\\ntoo often, that the law has nothing to do with medical\\ntheories. The utmost it can do successfully is to pre-\\nscribe that none shall practice medicine except persons\\neducated in those branches of science that all admit\\nare essential to an understanding of morbid condi-\\ntions of our species, and possessed besides of a fair\\ngeneral education. It cannot prohibit the practice of\\nsectarian medicine and such delusions as mind-cure\\nand Christian Science, for this would be an assumption\\nby the law to prescribe what system of healing shall\\nbe followed and it might as reasonably command\\nas, indeed, I believe it does in Mormondom that all", "height": "5176", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 141\\nthe sick should be treated by anointing with oil in\\nconjunction with prayer by the elders.\\nIf a man who has passed his examinations in such\\nbranches as above indicated shall conclude to adhere\\nuniformly in practice to the doctrine of similia or of\\ncontraria, or even to the profundities of Mumbo\\nJumbo, or mind-cure, the law cannot prevent him.\\nFor his errors, he will be liable always in damages, no\\nmatter what system he adopts and, with that, we\\nmust be content. If the education required of him\\ndoes not keep him to the faith, we may perhaps find\\nin some cases that his departure from it is the opening\\nof a new way to fresh truth. (6) Finally, the law\\nshould not recognize any diploma as of itself conferring\\na right to practice medicine. Even if the possession of\\nsuch a document should be required as an antecedent\\nto examination by the health board, it should not be\\nallowed to take the place of such examination. It is\\nto the interest not only of the public, but of every\\nmedical college of high standard, that the diplomas of\\nwhat have become known as diploma mills shall be\\ndeprived of the licensing power, which is their sole value.\\nAny scheme of medical legislation will hereafter, of\\ncourse, embrace that great safeguard against impos-\\nture and efficient tracer of frauds, the system of regis-\\ntration, whereunder no one is allowed to practice\\nmedicine who has not made a public record under\\noath of his name, origin, and credentials for license.\\nBeyond the point here indicated, it would not be\\nwise for legislation to go. The chief desiderata in a\\ngood law are brevity, simplicity, and lack of detail.\\nIf a diploma standard is to be maintained, it would", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "142 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\ncertainly be desirable that the statute should provide\\nthat only diplomas of colleges giving graded instruc-\\ntion and requiring preliminary examination of their\\nmatriculants should be received as licenses.\\nBut it may be well to say once more that the mere\\nenactment of a law against a vicious practice will be\\nno deterrent to the transgressor, and, therefore, of no\\nservice to the cause of education. He must realize\\nthat the law is enforced and, in order that it be en-\\nforced, somebody must be charged with carrying out\\nits provisions. In the State of New York, the regular\\nmedical societies have of late charged themselves with\\nthe duty of executing the medical act. Such acts\\nhave been upon the statute book for more than a hun-\\ndred years. But prior to 1880 they had fallen into\\nneglect, largely owing to the clumsiness with which\\nthey were drafted. In that year, the State Medical\\nSociety secured the passage of a new law, and in 1887\\nof a codification or revision of all the medical statutes\\nbut the law in this State is yet far from perfect, and\\nchiefly for the reason that there is no central body\\nhaving control of its execution. The most that the\\nmedical societies can do is to punish those who prac-\\ntice without diplomas. They are powerless to exercise\\nany supervision over those granting the license. In\\nthis regard, the statute of the State of Illinois is far\\nmore efficient than ours and the Health Board of\\nthat State has entitled itself to the commendation of all\\nwho are informed of its excellent and efficient work.\\nBut the County Society of New York has done\\nenough to show that even a poor law can be of ad-\\nvantage to the cause of medical education. The ex-", "height": "5175", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "LEGISLATION AND MEDICAL EDUCATION. 143\\nample of its prosecutions has stirred up allied societies\\nto action, and has constantly called public attention\\nto the fact that the practice of quackery is not safe\\nwithin its jurisdiction. Adopting the new code of\\nethics, it has shown conclusively to all who have\\nwatched its course that its members have not had in\\nmind the suppression of any system of healing the\\nsick only because they disapproved the methods of\\nthat system. It has recognized that the utmost limit\\nto which the law can properly go is to provide that\\nnobody shall practice medicine at all, by which term\\nthe courts understand the use of drugs and instru-\\nments, unless he has the slender educational qualifica-\\ntion prescribed by the statute. If possessed of that\\nqualification, the society concede that the practitioner\\nhas a right to use whatever system may commend\\nitself to his understanding or lack of understanding.\\nThe prejudices and jealousies that prevented the\\npassage of the Examiners Bills have been already al-\\nluded to. But, although those bills failed to become\\nlaw, nevertheless, when the present statute incorpo-\\nrating their points of agreement was obtained by an\\nalliance of all parties, a distinct advance was made, in\\nthat the homeopaths and eclectics were convinced\\nthat, whether the other societies agreed or not with\\nthem in matters of practice, they were willing to join\\nhands with them in securing, if not the best legisla-\\ntion, at least the best possible under the circumstances\\nand that they were quite capable of bringing forward\\nin good faith a bill actually what it appeared to be,\\nand not secretly designed for the destruction of\\nschismatics. And it is very safe to say that it is only", "height": "5190", "width": "3241", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "144 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\na question now of agitation of public and professional\\nopinion that is necessary in the State of New York to\\nbring about such legislation as will obliterate all sects\\nin medicine, not indeed by harassing the individual\\npractitioner or legislating against any system of prac-\\ntice, but by educating the public mind to the fact that\\nno one should be intrusted with the practice of any\\nsystem who has not a fair attainment in those branches\\nof study which all admit must be necessary to any one\\nexpecting to devote himself to the treatment of dis-\\nease and that every one is entitled to the name of\\nphysician who is learned in his science, skilled in his\\nart, and capable in his profession of trying all things,\\nholding fast what is true, facing bravely the errors of\\nothers, and admitting candidly his own, and, above\\nall, recognizing the possibility of honest differences of\\nopinion, which can be settled only by honest investi-\\ngation and kindly exposition. 1\\nIf the law will forbid the practice of medicine to\\nall but those who give proof of a fair general educa-\\ntion and reasonable attainments in the branches of\\nsciences and medical study as to which there are no\\nschools, it will do all that can be asked. Its licen-\\ntiates will be too intelligent to indulge, as a class, in\\nvagaries, sectarian medicine will disappear or dwindle\\nto insignificance, and the physician will be free to fol-\\nlow where the torch of Truth lights the way.\\n1 Shortly after this paper was read, a system of State Examination was\\nestablished and still remains in New York. In 1893 tne practice of med-\\nicine, dentistry, pharmacy, etc., were regulated by one Public Health\\nLaw. The suggestions of this paper have been adopted. The medical\\nschools require a graded course of three or four years, and preliminary\\neducation. The standard of medical education and the value of the\\ndiploma have been greatly advanced.", "height": "5176", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "VI.\\nTHE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 1\\nThe expression by Mr. Fox in an after-dinner\\nspeech, when on his special mission to St. Petersburg,\\nof a patriotic belief that the American language\\nwas destined to become the universal speech, excited\\ncomment and curiosity. Matter-of-fact Britons re-\\nsented this appropriation of their mother-tongue as an\\napplication of cuckoo methods to linguistics. Polyglot\\nPrussians yearned to acquire a new dialect.\\nApothecary is one of those words in the use of which\\nAmerican differs from English and resembles Scotch\\nfor with us. as in Scotland, prior to the passage of the\\npharmaceutical acts, if not now it denotes one whose\\nbusiness, of a trading nature, consists strictly in sell-\\ning, compounding, and dispensing drugs, chemicals,\\nand kindred wares. The introduction into the stock-\\nin-trade of soda-water, cigars, and confectionery, sho\\na tendency of the business to revert, even in\\ncities, to its type for grocers and poticaries were for-\\nmerly a single brotherhood, and were first incorporat\\ninto one worshipful society. Every grocer had an\\nby virtue of which he was a poticary.\\nIn the fourth year of his pedantic and witch-hating\\nreign. James I. granted a charter to The Wardours\\nand Fellowship of the Mystery of Grocers of the City\\niNcw YaA Medical Record, Sept n, l88d\\n145", "height": "5200", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "146 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nof London, making of them a body corporate. But,\\nas often happens where a child of his works secures a\\nrecognized social status for his family, the lesser, or\\njunior, portion of this Mystery soon felt itself finer\\nand more mysterious than the entire fellowship.\\nMoreover, the blending of trades had its own incon-\\nveniences, easily conceivable to one who has been in\\nrural districts where it still obtains. Our own Galen,\\nwho is heroic, once prescribed a very drastic remedy,\\nand a combined haberdasher-grocer-apothecary of\\nWestchester essayed to supply it. But the unusual\\ndose, which no one out here has ever took, drove\\nhim to a dispensatory, where for fifteen minutes he\\ngroped befogged, searching if a city man had anything\\nin common with the ostrich. Only fear of not selling\\nthe drug decided him to risk decreasing the population. 1\\nPerhaps episodes of this kind as well as a realization\\nof the need of special care and training for the safe\\ndispensing of medicines induced the well-beloved\\nTheodore de Mayerne and Henry Atkins, his dis-\\ncreet and faithful physicians, to make those represen-\\ntations to James that induced him, in the thirteenth\\nyear of his reign, to separate the apothecaries from\\nthe grocers after nine years of union, and grant the\\nformer a separate charter under the corporate name of\\nThe Master, Wardens, and Society of the Art and\\nMystery of Apothecaries of the City of London.\\nBut although it was through the intercession of\\nphysicians that the apothecary, thus freed from the\\n1 Thus Romeo argued with his apothecary, hesitating to sell poison con-\\ntrary to law The world affords no law to make thee rich then be not\\npoor, but break it and take this. Act v., Scene I.", "height": "5166", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 147\\nenvironment of grocerdom, was able to set up his own\\nmystery, we may be very sure that the said Theodore\\nand Henry never intended his evolution to go on until\\nhe should become, as he now is in England, a general\\npractitioner of medicine. On the contrary, the new\\ncharter provided that the rights of the College of\\nPhysicians should not be abridged, that the college\\nshould exercise a certain supervision over the company,\\nand that the apothecaries should consult the physicians\\non the use and properties of medicine. 1 The exclusive\\nprivilege granted to the apothecaries by their charter\\nwas this No person, free of the Grocers or any\\nother mystery in London, except those of the Apoth-\\necaries Company, shall keep any apothecary s shop,\\nor make, compound, administer, sell, send out, adver-\\ntise, or offer for sale any medicines, distilled waters,\\ncompounded chemical oils, decoctions, syrups, con-\\nserves, eclegmas, electuaries, medical condiments, pills,\\npowders, lozenges, oils, unguents, or plasters or oth-\\nerwise in any way practice the faculty of an apoth-\\necary, etc., under a penalty of \u00c2\u00a35. The only limita-\\ntions upon this power were the said provision pre-\\nserving the rights of the College of Physicians, whose\\nlicentiates might, under the statute, dispense medicine\\nin their own practice, and the further provision that\\napproved chirurgeons might enjoy their art as\\nmuch as belongeth and appertaineth to the composi-\\ntion and application of outer salves or medicines only,\\ni a Proviso semper quod pro tot et tal ordinationibus quae medicamenta\\naut compositiones et usum earundem concernent advocabunt de tempore\\nin tempus Praesidentem et quatuor censores, seu Gubernat Colleg Com-\\nmunital Medicorum London, aut alios Medicos Praesidentem praedict,\\nnominand pro avisamento in hac parte, Charter, May 30, Jac. I,", "height": "5175", "width": "3221", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "148 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nso that they do not vend or expose to sale to others\\nsuch salves or remedies, according to the common man-\\nner of the apothecaries of London. But these pro-\\nvisions were not restrictions, in any proper sense, upon\\nthe monopoly of the trade. Physicians and surgeons\\ncould only dispense medicine in their own practice\\nthey could not deal in it and it would seem that this\\nstatement of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, under\\nthe title Apothecary The members of this society\\ndo not possess and never have possessed any exclusive\\npower to deal in or sell drugs, is incorrect as a legal\\nproposition.\\nThe broad charter obtained for the physicians from\\nHenry VIII. by Cardinal Wolsey, giving their college\\nthe licensing power theretofore vested in the clergy\\nalone, which charter Mary confirmed, made the College\\nof Physicians supreme in the whole field of medicine.\\nIt could license persons to examine and advise the sick,\\nwrite prescriptions, dispense drugs, 1 and perform sur-\\ngical operations 2 whereas surgeons and apothecaries\\nwere narrowly limited in their respective functions.\\nWhenever an apothecary or surgeon attempted to pre-\\nscribe for the sick he stood in the peril of the law, and\\nthe college was not slow to punish him. Thus in 1602\\none Jenkins, a member of the College of Surgeons,\\ndid give judgment on urines and undertake cures.\\n1 See the case of the Attorney-General ex rel Apoth. Co. v. The Royal\\nCollege of Physicians (L. J., N. S., Ch. 30, 757), infra.\\n2 32 Hen. VIII., C. 40, 3, enlarging the original charter of the college,\\nrecites that the science of physic doth comprehend, include, and contain\\nthe knowledge of surgery as a special member and part of the same,\\nwith which statement Dr. Davies, in his pamphlet on medical legislation,\\ncompares this saying of Celsus Illud ante omnia scire convenit, quod\\n(mines medicin z partes inexce sunt ut ex toto separari non possint", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 149\\nThe Censors of the College of Physicians did then\\ncause his arrest, and his counsel obtained, thereupon,\\na writ of Habeas Corpus but on the return of the\\nwrit it appeared, in answer to the questions of Sir\\nJohn Popham, Lord Chief Justice, that Jenkins could\\nnot justify his practice by the college seal, but could\\nonly plead I practiced as a surgeon, and in that art\\nthe use of inward remedies is often necessary.\\nWhereupon Sir John sent him back to durance, saying\\nsubstantially, as Goodall sums him up in his history of\\nthe college (1) There is no sufficient license without\\nthe college seal. (2) No surgeon, as a surgeon, may\\npractice physic no, not for any disease, though it be\\nthe great pox. And Sir John then further laid down\\nsix other propositions most disagreeable to Jenkins and\\nlike sinners, but of exceeding comfort to the college.\\nBefore the incorporation of the College of Physi-\\ncians the clergy were the source of license to practice\\nphysic. Successive bulls of the popes had failed to\\ntoss the priesthood out of this pleasant field of science.\\nThe college, as a corporate entity, seemed not only to\\nhave inherited the pride that marked the ecclesiastical\\nbody and caused the angels to fall, but also to have\\nmanifested it by self -mutilation, after the fashion of\\nreligious enthusiasts from the time of Atys to our own\\nday. It was astraddle the bladder of professional\\npride that the apothecary floated on a silvery sea of\\nshillings, sixpences, and half-crowns, to the humble\\nbut lucrative position of counter-prescriber and gen-\\neral practitioner, while the physicians, by their own\\nacts, were impotent to stop him.\\nThe surgeons had been originally barbers and smiths,", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "150 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\ni. e. 9 artficers the apothecaries had been grocers, and\\nstill were tradesmen; 1 so that the physicians, not-\\nwithstanding their charter contemplated that they\\nshould dispense medicines and treat wounds and\\nsores, enacted by-laws forbidding admission to their\\nbody to any who compounded or supplied medicine\\nfor gain, surgeons, drug-compounders, or any other\\nartificers of that sort, lest, perchance, if such men be\\nadmitted into the college we may seem not to have\\nsufficiently consulted our own dignity or the honor of\\nour country s universities, which, however, we ought,\\nand we always desire, to attend with the deepest\\nveneration. They decreed expulsion to any member\\nof their college so far forgetting himself as to join\\nthe College of Surgeons or Company of Apothecaries, 2\\nand refused to license members of either body who\\ndid not first renounce membership therein. 3 The re-\\nfusal of physicians to dispense even their own medi-\\ncines; thus necessitating a fee for advice only, and\\nthe expense and inconvenience to patients, especially\\nin the country, of calling on the physician and apothe-\\ncary, and possibly the surgeon, for a single case, were\\nsufficient reasons why, in the course of time, the\\nvender of drugs came to be consulted as to their use.\\nHere was the apothecary s opportunity, especially if\\nhe had, as was commonly the case, a surgeon s license\\nalso. He was not bound to charge a specified fee,\\n1 They are so rated to-day in the Bankrupt Act.\\n2 See By-Laws of College of Physicians, as recast in 1687.\\n3 Antequam quispiam in permissorum numerum admittatur, si forte\\nchirurgorum aut pharmacopolarum sodalitio olim donatus fuerit, sodalitii\\nistius privilegiis omnibus renunciet, etc. By-laws College of Physicians\\n182$. See Attorney-General v. Royal College of Physicians, infra.", "height": "5195", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 151\\nand the average man, though unwilling to pay for\\nmedical advice, is ready enough to purchase a nos-\\ntrum. We love to be humbugged in gross ways. A\\nremedy is tangible value for money if the swallow-\\ning of it is followed by considerable discomfort, the\\nbuyer is all the surer that it is efficacious. Advice,\\nespecially if consonant with common sense, seems less\\nvaluable. If a wise physician should prescribe exer-\\ncise and abstinence from rum to a victim of one of\\nthe commonest forms of malaria, his fee would be\\npaid grudgingly by one willing to spend cheerfully a\\ntenth of his income in Golden Preparations and Cer-\\ntain Ague Cures, while keeping up, at considerable\\nexpense, the cause of his symptoms. So it came about\\nthat the apothecaries, unmindful of any gratitude\\nthey might owe to the memory of those faithful and\\ndiscreet physicians who assisted their society into the\\nworld, and regardless of the limitations of their\\ncharter, fell to prescribing over their counters, and\\nfrom that proceeded to visiting the sick. Let us hope\\nthat one cause of their success in gaining patients, as\\nset out by one Doctor Murett, in 1669, in his lamenta-\\ntion over their encroachments on the privileges of\\nphysicians, was less important than he seems to have\\nthought it, for he says that physicians unawares had\\nbeen instructing apothecaries in their science by\\nsending them to visit their patients to give them the\\nbest account they could of the state of their health\\nand effect of their medicines, and of late years taking\\nthem with them on their visits, so that during the\\nplague of 1661, most of the physicians being out of\\ntown the apothecaries were enabled to take upon", "height": "5204", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "152 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nthem the whole practice of medicine. l This would\\nimply that the physicians of the period were not only\\nnegligent of their duty in fair times, but that they\\nfled their posts in time of danger, a charge savoring\\nmore of dyspepsia than of truth.\\nWhatever the causes were, the encroachments were\\nmade and punished during the period between the\\nchartering of the company and the year 1703, when\\nthe House of Lords finally settled it in the case of\\nWilliam Rose v. College of Physicians, that an\\napothecary might prescribe his own remedies as well\\nas sell them. This case is worth considering, for it\\nwas the last important step in the progress of the\\napothecary toward his present status as a general\\npractitioner of medicine. The facts were these Wil-\\nliam Rose being an apothecary, and John Seale,\\nbutcher, a sick man, the said Seale did send for the\\nsaid Rose, who thereupon coming, did shake his head\\nand look as wise as the whole Faculty, at which being\\nmuch comforted, the thrifty butcher did ask the\\napothecary to send him something for his cure\\nwhereupon the said Rose, not taking advice of any\\nphysician, did send some boluses to said Seale charg-\\ning therefor, but not for advice. The case does not\\nstate the effect of the boluses, nor is it important for\\nwhether the patient was killed or cured was not\\nmaterial to the proposition of law, that it was alike\\ncontrary to the form of the statute for an apothecary\\nto cure or kill. There does not seem to have been\\nany doubt in the minds of the judges when the Col-\\n1 Cited from Dr. More s Outline of Pharmacy in Ireland, in West. Rev,\\nApril, 1858.", "height": "5169", "width": "3243", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 153\\nlege of Physicians brought Rose up with a round turn\\nfor this his performance. The case was argued several\\ntimes for Rose, as the result shows, was pertinacious\\nbut the court, having true legal respect for statutes,\\nsaid, unanimously, yet with a bit of sting in the tail\\nof their judgment The making up and compound-\\ning medicines is the business of an apothecary, but the\\njudging what is proper for the cure, and advising what\\nto take for the purpose is the business of a physician\\ntherefore, let the distemper be what it will, the pre-\\nscribing and advising what is fit for it is the business\\nof a physician, though without a fee but that rarely\\nhappens, and it was unanimously agreed that the\\npractice of physic in the meaning of the statute con-\\nsisted\\n(1) In judging of the disease and its nature from\\nthe constitution of the patient, and many other cir-\\ncumstances.\\n(2) In judging of the fittest and properest remedy\\nfor the disease.\\n(3) In directing or ordering the application of the\\nremedy to the disease and that the proper business\\nof an apothecary is to make and compound or prepare\\nthe prescriptions of the doctor pursuant to his direc-\\ntions and it was agreed that the defendant s taking\\nupon himself to send physic to a patient, as proper for\\nhis distemper, without taking ought for his pains, is\\nplainly a taking upon himself to judge of the disease\\nand fitness of remedy, as also of the executive or di-\\nrectory part. l\\n*3 Salk, 17; 6 Mod., 44. Contrast this with the definition of the\\nmodern New York case, Smith v. Lane, that makes the administration of\\ndrugs and medicines, or the use of instruments the sole test of medical\\npractice.", "height": "5167", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "154 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nThe appeal being taken to the House of Lords, it\\nwas argued for Rose l\\nThat the consequences of affirming the judgment\\nwould be to ruin all apothecaries, for in that event\\nthey could not follow their calling without the license\\nof a physician\\nThat constant usage and practice shows that sell-\\ning a few lozenges or a small electuary to any person\\nasking a remedy for a cold, or in other ordinary or\\ncommon cases where the medicines had a known and\\ncertain effect, where no fee was taken, could not be\\ndeemed practice of physic 2\\nThat such affirmance would give physicians a mo-\\nnopoly of practice to the great harm of the public\\nfor it would lay a heavy tax on the nobility and gen-\\ntry, who, in the slightest cases and even for their com-\\nmon servants, could not have medicine without con-\\nsulting and feeing a member of the college it would\\ndeprive the poor of any advice it would be prejudi-\\ncial to those suffering accident and taken sick in the\\nnight who send for an apothecary, who would risk the\\npenalty if he applied the least remedy.\\nFor the college it was argued that\\nBy several orders of the college its members were\\nenjoined to treat the poor gratis, and to visit them at\\ntheir houses\\nThat when it was observed that these orders were\\ndefeated partially by the high price charged by the\\napothecaries for medicine, the college erected dispen-\\nsaries in towns, where free patients could get medi-\\ncine at one-third less than apothecary -prices\\nThat in emergencies, not only apothecaries, but\\nany one else, might relieve his neighbor, but this was\\nno reason why apothecaries should practice at their\\nleisure\\nJ 5 Bro. Pari. Rep., 553 (Tomlinson s ed.).\\n2 Compare Apothecaries Co. v. Nottingham, infra.", "height": "5163", "width": "3243", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 155\\nThat in light indispositions the patient generally\\nprescribed for himself, and the apothecary might law-\\nfully put up the medicine\\nThat the most dangerous diseases begin with light\\nsymptoms, and the apothecary is not bred to detect\\nthem moreover, he is likely to sell his drugs plenti-\\nfully, and if he makes a mistake in diagnosis, to cause\\ngreat harm in what might have been remedied by\\nproper treatment.\\nIn spite of these arguments the Lords reversed the\\nunanimous judgment of the Queen s Bench. How the\\nvote stood does not appear, nor are the reasons from\\nwhich the conclusion was drawn given. Whether the\\nLord Chancellor, sitting alone in solemn majesty, de-\\ncided the question, or whether the lay Lords were\\naffrighted at the prospect of having to employ a phy-\\nsician, as well as buy physic, for their common serv-\\nants, we cannot know. What is certain is that the\\njudges were reversed and it was from that time on\\nsettled in England that an apothecary may prescribe\\nas well as sell his own drugs. Two questions re-\\nmained open Whether an apothecary could recover,\\nin an action at law, fees for medical advice, 2 or write\\na prescription for medicine not dispensed by him. 3\\nIn 1815 the Apothecaries Act (55 Geo. III., C. 194)\\nand in 1825 an act (6 Geo. IY., C. 133) amendatory of\\n1 The opticians of to-day argue in like manner against the oculists.\\n2 A recovery may be had now for both medicine and advice but if the\\njury think the charge for the former sufficiently great to include a fee for\\nthe latter, they may so find. Toune v. Lady Gresley, 3 C. and P., 581\\nHandey v. Henson, 4 C. and P., no; Morgan v. Hallen, 8 Ad. and\\nE., 119.\\n3 This is still meat for lawyers. But it is certain that although under\\nthe Apothecaries Act, an apothecary must compound a qualified physi-\\ncian s prescription, he is not bound to compound one written by a fellow-\\napothecary.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "156 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nit, were passed, revising and confirming the ancient\\ncharter of the company. At this time the state of\\ngeneral medical education in Great Britain was de-\\nplorable. The case of Eose had established the right\\nof an apothecary, with no other instruction than what\\nhe might have picked up in his apprenticeship behind\\nthe counter, to practice medicine. The powers of the\\nCollege of Physicians appear to have been exercised\\nrather too often against competent men, including\\ngraduates of the Scotch and Irish universities, and\\neven of Oxford and Cambridge, as in Bonham s case,\\nand too infrequently against veritable quacks and im-\\npostors. It was no simple matter to get the license\\nof the college, and yet unlawful for the best-trained\\nman to practice in London without it. The physi-\\ncians seem to have forgotten that a charter, such as\\ntheirs, has no other raison (Petre than the benefit to\\naccrue to the public from the creation of a class of\\nskilled medical men and the weeding out of the igno-\\nrant and inept. There was a little too much of the\\nspirit of trades-unionism in their enforcement of the\\nlaw, and a too feeble pursuance of the object of their\\ncharter as recited in its preamble. 1 The practice of\\nmedicine had fallen to a very considerable extent into\\nthe hands of quacks and incompetent apothecaries,\\nwhile competent men were hampered by artificial re-\\n1 Cum regii officii nostri munus arbitremur ditionis nostrae hominum\\nfelicitati omni ratione consulere; id autem vel imprimis fore, si improb-\\norum conatibus tempestive occuramus, apprime necessarium duximus\\nimproborum quoque hominum qui medicinam magro avaritiae suae causa,\\nquam ullius bonae conscientiae fiducia, profitebuntur, unde rudi et cretulae\\nplebi plurima oriantur, audaciam compescere, etc., of the charter of the\\nApothecary Company; the act of 3 Hen. VIII. C. xi; cf. the revisers\\nnotes to Ch. xviii. of the N. Y. Rev. Stats,", "height": "5173", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 157\\nstrictions. The company, thus freshly reorganized,\\nset themselves about remedying this evil. The right\\nof apothecaries to prescribe being established, the\\ncompany licensing them now recognized that the right\\nto advise implied the duty of care and wisdom in ad-\\nvice to which medical training and instruction were\\nprerequisites. They accordingly required candidates\\nfor their license to stand successfully examinations in\\nchemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, botany,\\nanatomy, and physiology, and the practice of medi-\\ncine. The effect was that great benefit accrued from\\nthe act and this was frankly admitted by the physi-\\ncians who at first disapproved of it. 1 Another effect\\nof the act was to increase greatly the number of\\nlicentiates of Apothecaries Hall as compared with\\nthe college. In the decade from 1848 to 1858, the\\nyear of the passage of the Medical Act, the licentiates\\nof the College of Surgeons numbered 4,915, many of\\nwhom were, of course, apothecaries Apothecaries\\nHall licensed 2,823, and the College of Physicians only\\n242. These statistics appear to have opened some-\\nwhat the eyes of the physicians, and shown them that\\nthe framers of their broad charter were wiser, per-\\nhaps, in their generation, than were they who drafted\\nthe by-laws. But it is a hard thing to admit errors\\nso that the college did not entirely relax its old rules\\nto meet the new crisis; but in 1860, two years after\\n1 Thus Sir Henry Halford testified before a Parliamentary committee\\nI must do the apothecaries the justice to say that they have executed\\nthat act extremely well, and that the character of that branch of the pro-\\nfession has been amazingly raised since they have had that authority. I\\nonly do them justice when I state that, though I was very much against\\nit in the first instance. Cited in West. Rev. April, 1858.", "height": "5190", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "158 CHEISTIAN SCIEKCE.\\nthe passage of the Medical Act, while still preserving\\nin the by-laws the provisions prohibiting membership\\nor fellowship in the college to any one engaged in\\ntrade, or the practice of physic or surgery in partner-\\nship, or engaging to share profits on medicines with a\\nchemist or other person, they nevertheless resolved to\\nlicense a class of persons privileged to compound and\\ndispense medicine in their own practice. Thereupon\\nthe apothecaries, who had come to believe themselves\\nalone entitled to this privilege, filed an information\\nand bill by the Attorney-General L against the college,\\npraying that defendants should be restrained from\\nthus amending their by-laws and granting such li-\\ncenses. Mr. Koundell Palmer and others represented\\nthe college, and the case coming on in April, 1861,\\nWood, V. C, in an exhaustive opinion, sustained the\\nright of the college under their charter to grant li-\\ncenses in the entire field of physic.\\nWe have thus seen the English apothecary not only\\nevolve from a grocer into a general practitioner, but\\neven acquire the assurance to attempt the curtailment\\nof the chartered rights of the physicians. But it is not\\nto be supposed that the apothecary, in our sense of\\nthe word, that is to say, the chemist and druggist, or,\\nto use the English statutory term, the pharmaceutical\\nchemist, 2 is entitled to prescribe his drugs in England.\\nThe contrary has been held in two very recent prose-\\ncutions brought by the Apothecaries Company con-\\ntending that what was very good reasoning in 1703 to\\nestablish the right of Apothecary Eose to prescribe,\\n1 Attorney-General v. Royal College of Physicians. L. J., N. S., Ch.\\n3\u00c2\u00b0 757-\\n2 It is well settled in New York that an apothecary or druggist cannot\\nprescribe without a physician s license.", "height": "5170", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 159\\nwas very poor logic in our day when applied to\\nChemists Nottingham and Harrison. These two cases\\nshow very clearly the law applicable to counter-pre-\\nscribing, as it has always been laid down by the law\\ncourts, on both sides of the Atlantic. They merit,\\ntherefore, full exposition.\\nIn the Apothecaries Company v. Nottingham, 1\\ntried in January 27, 1876, before Baron Bramwell, it\\nappeared that the defendant, although only a chemist\\nhimself, was in partnership with a medical practitioner\\nduly qualified, to whom he always referred such pa-\\ntients as in his opinion were seriously ill. It did not\\nappear that he ever left his shop to prescribe, but it\\nwas admitted that he was in the habit of giving ad-\\nvice over the counter in what he considered trivial\\ncases. In charging the jury the learned Baron said\\nYou have to find a true verdict on the evidence, vihether\\nyou like the act or not? Perhaps you may think that\\na person has a right to practice as he likes, whether\\nqualified or not or, on the other hand, you may think\\nthat, whereas the poorer classes have no opportunity\\nof judging of or of ascertaining the qualifications of\\nthe persons to whom they resort for medical advice,\\nthe legislature should require such persons to possess\\nproper skill and knowledge, and to obtain a certificate\\nthereof. No doubt some people like to go to unquali-\\nfied practitioners so as to get advice cheap but there\\nis the law, and we have to observe it. If you think\\nthis man has acted or practiced as an apothecary, 5\\n134L. T. R., N. s.,76.\\n2 Our italics. There are similar New York cases affecting persons\\npracticing medicine under the guise of selling drugs.", "height": "5193", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "160 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nthen you must find your verdict for the plaintiff. In-\\ndeed, I feel some little difficulty in putting the case to\\nyou, for on the defendant s own admission he says he\\nprescribed, and that if a person brought a child to him\\nsuffering from, say diarrhoea, and asked what was\\ngood for it, he gave the medicine if, however, the\\ncase was serious, he sent the doctor. Surely that is\\nacting and practicing as an apothecary within the\\nmeaning of the act 1 Still more recently, in July,\\n1879, this whole subject was carefully and learnedly\\nconsidered by Judge Matteran, Q. C, in the case of\\nthe Apothecaries Company v. Harrison. 2 The facts\\nproved were that Julia Caddick went to the shop of\\ndefendant, a chemist, said she was suffering from\\nweakness, and asked for something to relieve her.\\nDefendant asked the cause of her weakness she an-\\nswered that it was left on her after confinement. He\\nfelt her pulse, looked at her tongue, and asked her to\\ndescribe how she felt. She did so. He made up a\\nmedicine and charged only one shilling. Defendant s\\ncouncil urged in his behalf every argument brought\\nforward for Eose, whose case, as we have seen, settled\\nthe right of the apothecaries to prescribe. He also\\ntried to distinguish the chemist from the apothecary,\\nby the criterion that the former could only practice in\\nthe shop, while the latter might visit but the court\\nsaid that the apothecary s right to visit was not clear\\nas a legal proposition. Judgment was given for the\\ncompany plaintiff, and the judge, citing the opinions\\n1 See Mr. Justice Creswell s distinction between chemists, surgeons, and\\napothecaries, in Apoth. Co. v. Lotinga, 2 M. and R., 500.\\n267L.T., 232,", "height": "5178", "width": "3242", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECARY. 161\\nof Bramwell and Creswell, supra, concluded his own\\nopinion with these words, the applicability of which\\nin this State and County is obvious to one familiar\\nwith their law and charities\\nI cannot, however, close this judgment without ex-\\npressing my conviction that the act was intended\\n(which intention has, I think, been successfully carried\\nout) to have a beneficial action on the poorer classes.\\nThe more scientific masters of medicine being other-\\nwise engaged, have no time to compound and dispense\\ntheir own prescriptions these, therefore, to save more\\nvaluable labor, are relegated to the chemists and drug-\\ngists, who, if not a less highly educated class, are at\\nleast a class who have not passed the necessary exami-\\nnation to entitle them to practice as apothecaries.\\nNow if the chemists were permitted to advise on the\\nailments of the poor, as well as to make up their drugs\\ninto medicines, the sick poor would lack the benefit of\\nthat highest class of skill which the rich by their\\npurses can command. But this want has been pro-\\nvided for the necessitous at our public hospitals and\\ndispensaries, where the ablest physicians, surgeons,\\nand apothecaries in the land generously give their time\\nand best skill to all comers, on whom not only sick-\\nness but poverty is pressing. The counsel for the de-\\nfendant argued that the poor would suffer by limiting\\nthe action of the druggist according to the express\\nlanguage of the act but to this argument the best an-\\nswer is given by the act itself, which protects, benefits,\\nand furthers the highest interests of the sick poor, by\\npointing and directing them to our public medical in-\\nstitutions for advice with reference to their ailments,\\nand to the chemists for their medicines, when such\\nare required, and are not provided for by those noble\\nand charitable institutions.\\nHere, then, we leave for the moment our apothe-", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "162 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\ncary. Having triumphantly established, within less\\nthan a hundred years from his abandonment of the\\ngrocer, his own right to practice medicine, and having\\nas triumphantly blocked, for nearly two hundred\\nyears, encroachments, exactly similar to his own, by\\nthe chemist, we have seen him, within the last twenty-\\nfive years, lay violent hands upon the venerable col-\\nlege whose members gave him his first start in life as\\na tradesman of a distinct sort and we have seen him\\nbeaten in this assault, planned in the interest of his\\ncorporation as a trades-union, and not as the dutiful\\npublic servant that every corporation should be.\\nThe apothecary s history is profitable for instruc-\\ntion. Not its least obvious lesson is that so long as\\nthe laws affecting the practice of medicine and the\\nincorporation of medical societies are exercised, in pur-\\nsuance of their ostensible object i.e., the furthering\\nof the public welfare by requiring of practitioners con-\\nformity to a reasonable standard of professional at-\\ntainment, those laws can be enforced but that, when-\\never such legislation is attempted to be exercised in a\\nselfish spirit of trades-unionism, for the benefit of\\ncorporations and their members, and in disregard of\\nthe public needs and convenience, the same laws will\\nbe nullified by close technical constructions, and if not\\nrepealed will fall into innocuous desuetude. The\\nmedical profession in this country has been free,\\nfortunately, from those arbitrary limitations which en-\\nabled the untrained apothecary partially to supplant\\nthe physician in England, by making it unprofessional\\nfor the latter to engage in the practice of medicine to the\\nfull extent authorized by the charter of the college grant-", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "THE EVOLUTION OF THE APOTHECAKY. 163\\ning his license. And there seems to be no adequate\\nreason why the apothecary with us should be suffered\\nto prescribe chalk-mixtures for light cases of diar-\\nrhoea, bromides for nervousness, and so forth. A\\njudge in New York City said some time ago that the\\ncourt would take judicial notice of the fact that a lawyer\\ncould be found in half an hour for any client. And\\nwhat with hospitals, infirmaries, dispensaries, night\\nmedical service, and about twice as many well-\\nequipped physicians as lawyers in our cities, there is\\ncertainly no crying need for laymen to render medical\\nassistance except in cases of emergency. 1\\n1 Such has been the spread of the hospital and dispensary system in New\\nYork City of late years that many physicians have banded together to\\ncorrect what they allege is its abuse in furnishing free medical treatment\\nnot to the poor only, but to those in moderate circumstances and even to\\nthe rich. Some of these allegations if well founded are certainly startling.", "height": "5175", "width": "3346", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "I", "height": "5171", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Appendix A.\\nTHE CLAIMS OF CHKISTIAN SCIENCE, 1\\nAS MADE BY ONE OF ITS EXP0UNDEKS AND AC-\\nCEPTED BY A JUDGE.\\nTo the Editor of the Sun\\nSir Last Sunday afternoon Mr. Carol Norton lec-\\ntured upon Christian Science at the Metropolitan Opera\\nHouse. The building was thronged and the audience\\nfairly representative of the average intelligence and\\neducation of this city. Although many present were\\ndoubtless led thither by curiosity, a very large num-\\nber, perhaps the majority, were honest believers in\\nthe pretensions of Mrs. Eddy.\\nMr. Justice Norton 2 of Allegheny introduced the\\nlecturer as one of the foremost teachers of the new re-\\nligion, as he undoubtedly is, and warmly upheld the\\ncitizen s constitutional right to entertain any religious\\nbelief, a right that it would be foolish for any one to\\nassail.\\nUnfortunately, no one alluded to that valid objec-\\ntion to Christian Science which would have com-\\nmended itself to so intelligent an audience, and may\\nbe thus briefly stated Mrs. Eddy and her adherents\\n1 From the New York Sun, June 9, 1899.\\n2 Judge Norton is not, as would seem from this title, a justice of the\\nSupreme Court, although thus entitled by other speakers at the meeting.\\nHe is a county judge.\\n165", "height": "5179", "width": "3336", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "166 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\npretend that without the use of those remedies or ap-\\npliances shown by universal experience to be certainly,\\nprobably or possibly adequate to relieve or cure sick-\\nness and wounds, they can by vague mental processes\\nalone effect cures where medical aid is unavailing.\\nThey even pretend that the mere reading of her book\\ncures all human infirmities, even cancer. If honest in\\ntheir belief, these people are willing to put, and do\\nput, all medical and surgical aid aside, substituting\\ntherefor mental processes. If they have not this\\nwillingness, they are dishonest according to their own\\npretensions. If, on the other hand, they thrust aside\\nscientific aid, demonstrably adequate to save life, and\\nsubstitute therefor a treatment under which death\\nresults, they are certainly guilty of homicide in some\\ndegree, and this practice is dangerous to the public\\nhealth. From this dilemma there is no escape. It is\\nworth while, therefore, to ask every thoughtful and\\ncandid person who has listened to or read the words\\nof Mr. Norton, Mrs. Eddy s foremost apostle, to\\nponder carefully the manner in which that gentleman,\\nupon whom no imputation is cast, answers inquiries\\nthat he himself solicits. Let him and his teacher be\\njudged, in all fairness, by their own words.\\nMr. Norton offered medical proof that Christian\\nScience has cured locomotor ataxia, cancer and many\\nother diseases. This offer is not new. Mr, Norton\\ncopyrighted a lecture in 1898, which he has been\\ndelivering since with more or less variation. It was\\nprinted in full by the Troy Becord of February 28,\\n1899. On March 30, I wrote to him, apropos of that\\npublication, as follows", "height": "5207", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE CLAIMS OF CHRISTIAN SCIEKCE. 167\\nA copy of your lecture has been sent to\\nme. You therein say that regular medical confir-\\nmation of cases two, three, four, five and eight will be\\nfurnished any honest skeptic. I am certainly a\\nskeptic, and, if I may say so, an honest one, and I\\nshould be very much obliged to you if you will give\\nthe names and addresses of reputable and competent\\nmedical practitioners who will certify to the second\\ncase, the cure of an incurable cancer the third case,\\nthe cure of a child suffering from epileptic fits from\\nbirth, and having forty spasms a day at the commence-\\nment of treatment the fourth case, a cure of con-\\nsumption of the lungs in the second stage of that dis-\\nease the fifth case, a cure of a patient ill with\\ntyphoid fever in Paris and treated by a practitioner\\nin New York; the eighth case, the cure of a lady\\nforty years old unsuccessfully treated for thirty-five\\nyears for organic valvular diseases of the heart by\\nphysicians who pronounced the disease incurable. I\\nshould like to know what persons made the diagnoses\\nin these cases, the course of treatment followed, the\\nmethod taken to exclude in the cure other factors\\nthan treatment by Christian Science, and the present\\ncondition of the person cured.\\nMr. Norton replied courteously on April 3, promis-\\ning the information. On April 18, politely explain-\\ning his delay upon the ground of many engagements,\\nhe wrote I will have the positive proof of my ut-\\nterances in the lecture that you read in the Troy\\nRecord properly prepared for a lawyer s gaze within\\na few days. On April 29, reminding Mr. Norton\\nthat a month had elapsed since my request, I wrote\\nWith the desire to be entirely fair in discussing\\nthe theories of Mrs. Eddy and yourself I beg now to\\nask that you kindly give me an early reply to the fol-\\nlowing questions for immediate use", "height": "5213", "width": "3369", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "168 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nFirst If Christian Science, as you say in your\\nSaratoga lecture of August 26, 1898, removes the\\npossibility of human and personal contention, why\\nhas Mrs. Eddy had so much contention concerning the\\nlate P. P. Quimby and the copyright of her book that\\nshe has threatened legal proceedings, and, I under-\\nstand, actually resorted to the courts\\nSecond If matter is only erroneous thought in\\nmortal mind, and, therefore, non-existent in mind\\nilluminated by the right thought of Christian Science,\\nand if the material aids to the injured of drugs, band-\\nages, splints, etc., are unnecessary and even harmful\\nfor the proper treatment of physical injuries, will you\\nkindly tell me what course you or Mrs. Eddy would\\nadopt in any of the following cases\\n(a) Walking along the street, a brick falls from\\nabove and cuts your head, causing blood to flow\\n(b) A child at table swallows a fishbone and is in\\nperil of strangulation\\n(c) Your child is riding in a street car and a per-\\nson with confluent smallpox sits down beside it?\\n(d) A child in the street is run down by a cable\\ncar and bleeds from a severed artery\\n(e) A baby falls from a window and fractures its\\nskull\\nOn May 4, Mr. Norton civilly replied, kindly prom-\\nising to call upon me on May 8, with the promised\\nmedical confirmation, and, as to the foregoing ques-\\ntions, said: The questions in your letter of April 29,\\nI will be obliged to shelve for the present, 1 desiring to\\ndo one thing at a time. I think you will agree with\\nme that neither of us could expect to master the ideas\\nof Mr. Spencer or Mr. Darwin in a hurried or impetu-\\nous way, no matter how honest our purpose.\\nUpon May 8, Mr. Norton did me the honor of call-\\n1 The italics are mine. W. A. P.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE CLAIMS OF CHKISTIAJST SCIENCE. 169\\ning with the promised medical confirmation, which\\nconsisted in each case of a brief statement of conclu-\\nsions signed by a Christian Scientist. Of these sign-\\ners one was said to have studied in a homeopathic,\\nand another in a regular medical college. No facts\\nwere set forth upon which the conclusions were based,\\nno names were connected with the certificates that\\nwould carry any weight with the general medical\\nprofession or any body of trained investigators. Nor\\nwould the evidence have been admissible in Judge\\nNorton s court. It is not meant by this to cast\\nthe least reflection upon the honesty, sincerity and\\ngood repute of the signers. Doubtless they are ex-\\ncellent persons, but their names are unknown in the\\nfield of accurate investigation. In a very pleasant and\\ngood-tempered conversation, Mr. Norton referred to\\nthis actual case mentioned in my letter of April 28\\nA mother affected with Christian Science, but not\\nto the point of infanticide, called a physician to see\\nher child sick from eating stone-fruit. Doctor, she\\nsaid, I really do not know whether the stone is in\\nthe child or in my mind. Madame, he replied, I\\ncannot undertake to prescribe for a stone in your\\nmind, but I can manage one in the boy. And this\\nhe did very successfully with castor oil. Of this ma-\\nterial thought Mr. Norton, in flat contradiction of\\nMrs. Eddy Science and Health, pp. 158, 159, edi-\\ntion of 1887), said How silly Of course, the stone\\nwas in the boy. But there are fools among Christian\\nScientists as well as among other classes. It was a\\nproposition upon which Ave unexpectedly found our-\\nselves in entire accord. He was understood also dis-", "height": "5190", "width": "3358", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "170 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\ntinctly to say that Christian Scientists made differ-\\nential diagnoses, and would presume in the case of a\\nsevered artery to put aside a surgeon and substitute\\nfor his their own treatment. But in order that no\\nmisapprehensions might arise on this score a letter\\nwas written on the following day to his secretary,\\nsaying\\nI understood Mr. Norton yesterday to say that\\nChristian Scientists both make and accept differential\\ndiagnoses of disease that if a patient came to him\\ncomplaining of a sore, he would make diagnosis to de-\\ntermine whether it was cancer, abscess, ulcer, carbun-\\ncle, boil, or what not and so with diseases he would\\nmake diagnosis between pneumonia, fever, appendi-\\ncitis, etc. I further understood him distinctly to say\\nthat if the clerk in my outer office should accidentally\\nsever an artery and there were a surgeon present with\\nadequate surgical appliances to stanch the flow of\\nblood, he, Mr. Norton, would assume the responsibility\\nof checking that arterial gush by the mental processes\\nof Christian Science, and would dispense with the\\nsurgeon s aid and appliances. To my mind these are\\nvery startling propositions, and I wish, in justice to\\nMr. Norton and the cause he represents, to be entirely\\nsure that I apprehend him rightly, and I shall be\\nobliged to him or to you for a prompt reply on these\\npoints. And I should also be glad to have replies to\\nthe questions that I last submitted to Mr. Norton in\\nwriting as to what he would himself do in the case of\\ncertain accidents occurring in his presence, such as\\nthe fracture of the skull by a falling brick, the sever-\\ning of a leg by a cable car, etc.\\nTo this Mr. Norton himself replied thus on May 29,\\nthe italics being his\\nYou most thoroughly misunderstood me in relation", "height": "5163", "width": "3242", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "THE CLAIMS OF CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 171\\nto what I said about deferential l diagnosis of disease.\\nI make no diagnosis except along the lines of consist-\\nent mental therapeutics. An expert in mental thera-\\npeutics will naturally know the character of this diag-\\nnosis. Discord is discord. Pain is pain. Disease is\\ndisease. The principle that cures one, if rightly ap-\\nplied, will cure all. This is the beginning and end of\\nrational mental healing. In relation to mental treat-\\nment for a severed artery, I said simply that I be-\\nlieved the proper application of mind power would do\\nthe same work, if not better than any other method.\\nI beg that you quote me correctly, if you ever quote\\nme, and I most thoroughly disagree with the under-\\nstanding you got about diagnosis. In reply to the\\nlist of questions that you wrote to me in a recent let-\\nter, I have but to repeat my recent utterances in a\\nletter to you, that I prefer to shelve them, 2 because to\\nanswer them would bring about wholly indifferent re-\\nsults.\\nSpace forbids the publication of all the letters\\nverbatim, nor is that necessary. Mr. Norton has\\nbeen accurately quoted upon the point at issue. Every\\none can decide for himself whether the questions were\\nfairly put and fairly answered. The learned Judge\\nwho presided at Sunday s meeting should be eminently\\ncompetent to decide whether Mr. Norton would be\\nguilty of manslaughter under this hypothetical state\\nof facts A child is bleeding to death from a severed\\nartery. A surgeon at hand with ligatures and all\\nproper appliances is demonstrably able to stop the flow\\nof blood. Mr. Norton thrusts him aside, saying:\\nHere is only an error of mortal mind. My revered\\nmother, Mrs. Eddy, teaches, on pp. 158 and 159 of\\ni Sic. 2 These italics are mine.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. A. P,", "height": "5191", "width": "3369", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "172 CHEISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nScience and Health, thus Mind can regulate the\\ncondition of the stomach, bowels, food, temperature of\\nyour child, far better than matter can do so. Your\\nchild can have worms if you say so, or whatever\\nmalady is timorously holden in your mind relative to\\nthe body. And at page 183 she says Anatomy,\\nphysiology, treatises on health sustained by what is\\ncalled material law are the husbandmen of sickness\\nand disease. Accordingly, dismiss the surgeon while\\nI apply mind power. If I do it properly I will do the\\nsame work, if not better than the surgeon. The\\nchild dies. Would Judge Norton s belief in liberty\\nof conscience, which no sensible person wishes to\\ncurtail, lead him to instruct a jury that a person\\nthus suffering a little child to bleed to death and\\nthrusting aside the aid that would have saved life is\\nguiltless of manslaughter\\nIf it be said that Christian Scientists w T ould not\\nattempt to treat such a case, it is admitted that the\\nwhole solemn preachment of Mrs. Eddy, Mr. Norton\\nand their fellows is nonsense, a humbug, a snare and a\\ndelusion; that their alleged cures are due not to any\\npeculiar virtue of Christian Science, but to that action\\nupon the body of the mind in a certain class of cases\\nthat has been known and acted upon both by phy-\\nsicians and intelligent laymen since before the time of\\nHeraclitus that operates for the voudoo priestess as\\nwell as for Mrs. Eddy.\\nIf it is depressing to see an intelligent audience\\nlistening seriously to such teaching, it is equally\\nregrettable that a member of the Court should pre-\\nside at such a meeting, when it is considered that", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "THE CLAIMS OF CHKISTIAN SCIENCE. 173\\ncases may come before him involving violations of\\nthe law whether by homicide or failure to report\\nbirths, deaths and contagious diseases under cover of\\ntheories which he publicly defends, apparently, as\\nreducible with safety to common practice. Surely\\nthis learned Judge knows that in the Mormon cases\\nthe United States Supreme Court lucidly pointed out\\nthe wide distinction between religious liberty and\\nlicense to commit, in the name of religion, acts for-\\nbidden by the law of the land enacted within the\\nscope of the police power.\\nW. A. Pttkkington.\\nNew York, May 2g t", "height": "5190", "width": "3359", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5173", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "Appendix B.\\nCHKISTIAN SCIENCE AND THE LAW. 1\\nTo the Editor of the Sun\\nSir In a recent editorial quoting a number of the\\nexcerpts from Mrs. Eddy s book lately appearing in the\\nreviews systematic effort was urged to ferret out and\\npunish Christian Scientists. The editorial omitted,\\nhowever, to show the state of the law and the diffi-\\nculties in the way of following its advice. It would\\nbe unfortunate if the adverse sentiment toward Eddy-\\nism aroused by exposure of its methods and the nu-\\nmerous reported cases of its manslaughters should be\\nperverted or lessened by ill-considered action it seems,\\ntherefore, worth while to make the situation clear.\\nNo medical law of any State enjoins or prohibits\\nany system of medical practice. No law forbidding\\nthe practice of Christian Science or any other system\\nof treating the sick, no matter how foolish, has been\\nproposed. Those who assert the contrary do so igno-\\nrantly or with intent to mislead. What medical laws\\nrequire, and in the opinion of the Supreme Court of\\nthe nation and of almost every State properly require,\\nis that no person shall practice medicine before he has\\npursued a proper course of study and furnished some\\nevidence that he has a fair knowledge of the human\\n1 New York Sun, July 12, 1899.\\n175", "height": "5197", "width": "3348", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "176 CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE.\\neconomy and the sciences relating thereto. This reg-\\nulation applies to Roman Catholics, Protestants and\\nJews. It is objected to by Christian Scientists and\\nSpiritualists, who stoutly maintain that to require the\\nsame education of them as of others engaging in the\\nsame business is to infringe their liberty of conscience\\nand right to worship in their own way, although it\\nis undeniable that when a man has once obtained a\\nlicense to practice medicine upon proof of his scien-\\ntific attainments he may follow any system he chooses.\\nHe may, if he see fit, rely solely upon mental proc-\\nesses. Every physician does largely take into account\\nand rely upon the effect of the mind upon the body,\\nespecially in certain classes of cases. There are few\\nto-day who pretend that the high potencies of home-\\nopathy have any medicinal action, and it was a realiza-\\ntion that their effect was due to the patient s imagina-\\ntion that led Mrs. Eddy, as she says, into her own\\nextraordinary system. But homeopathists admit the\\nexistence of disease. They often administer drugs as\\nheroically as regular practitioners sometimes more\\nheroically. They use surgery skilfully. In fact, it\\nis often difficult to differentiate them from regular\\nphysicians by their practice alone nor was there ever\\na time when they did not claim to be called physi-\\ncians. The Eddyites, on the other hand, although\\neager to dub themselves doctors of Christian Sci-\\nence, declare that they are not practitioners of medi-\\ncine. Mrs. Eddy, as was fully pointed out in the\\nNorth American Review for March, condemns not\\nonly drugs, remedies and instruments, but even hy-\\ngiene, exercise and bathing. Her method of curing\\nx", "height": "5177", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND THE LAW. 177\\ndisease is first to deny its existence and then to argue\\nwith it as one would argue with a Congressman.\\nHerein lies at once the danger of her crazy method\\nand the immunity of its practitioners from punish-\\nment under the law of this and many other States.\\nA druggist who prescribes a proprietary nostrum or\\nso simple a remedy as rhubarb or chalk mixture may\\nbe convicted of a misdemeanor. Our Supreme Court\\nhas so held in several cases. But it also has laid\\ndown in Smith v. Lane (24 Hun., 632) the narrow\\nrule that the use of drugs, medicines or instruments is\\nan essential element of medical practice, holding, in\\nsubstance, that the medical law was intended only to\\nprotect those seeking treatment secundum artem from\\nfalse pretenders to skill in the use of dangerous drugs\\nor instruments, but not to protect from their mistake\\nor folly, persons who, lured by wonderful promises of\\ncure, submit themselves to the treatment of those\\navowedly discarding ordinary medical methods.\\nThis case, expressly approved of in Ohio, Rhode\\nIsland and perhaps other States, is the joy and bul-\\nwark of Christian Scientists. It was held to be in-\\napplicable under the Nebraska and Illinois statutes\\nbut from the last Legislature of the latter State the\\nEddyites are said to have secured a proviso in the\\nnew medical law adopting its rule.\\nIt will be remembered that a letter in The Sun of\\nJune 9, the accuracy of which has not been denied\\nto my knowledge, showed that when Mr. Carol Norton,\\nMrs. Eddy s apostle hereabouts, was asked if he would\\ndare to exclude medical aid and treat severed arteries,\\nfractures, strangulations and contagious diseases by", "height": "5174", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "178 CHKISTIAN SCIENCE.\\nmental processes he twice wrote that he preferred\\nto shelve the questions. It must seem startling to a\\nlayman that a druggist violates the medical law by\\nprescribing rhubarb, while a Christian Scientist who\\nthinks at the severed artery of a child is exempt\\nfrom the operations of that statute. And perhaps it\\nmay seem easy to rectify the anomaly by legislation.\\nTwo recent experiments in this direction may be\\nprofitable for instruction.\\nIn 1898 a bill was introduced into the Massachusetts\\nLegislature defining the term practicing medicine\\nso as to include all methods of treating the sick and\\nwounded for hire, including, of course, Christian Sci-\\nentists and every sort of healer. As was naturally\\nto be expected, Mr. William Lloyd Garrison and Prof.\\nJames the latter of whom seems bent upon forcing\\nHarvard, ancient mother of scholars and conservative\\nmen, to associate, in the public mind, with Mesdames\\nEddy and Piper lifted up their voices against the\\nbill. These gentlemen represent the best of the host\\nthat rally to Mrs. Eddy s support sincere, educated,\\nintelligent, dearly loving to run a tilt with the ma-\\njority, with Athenian fondness for new things and not\\nunwilling to fill the trump of Fame. Mr. Garrison,\\ntherefore, who a short time ago I think it is the same\\nMr. Garrison clamored at the top of his pen for aca-\\ndemic rules to prevent the ingenuous youth of Har-\\nvard from inflicting or submitting to the cautery of a\\nboyish and rather silly initiation of a secret society\\nMr. Garrison, who has harrowed all our feelings by\\npointing out the awful brutality of football, actually\\nobstructed the passage of the law requiring Christian", "height": "5179", "width": "3241", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "CHKISTIAN SCIENCE AND THE LAW. 179\\nScientists in Massachusetts to have as a condition of\\ntreating the sick the same education required of Prot-\\nestants, Catholics and Jews engaged in the same\\nbusiness. And what was his delightful argument?\\nAs reported by the Christian Scientists, it seems to\\nhave consisted of two main premises First, John\\nP. Eobinson, he, said they didn t know everything\\ndown in Judee, or, in common English, u the physi-\\ncians don t know it all therefore let all the ignorant\\nhave free field. Second, homeopathy was formerly\\nridiculed. The answer seems simple enough. Mr.\\nRobinson, whose dictum has been much overworked,\\nwas right. In medical science we know a good deal\\nmore than was known in Judee. Moreover, Mr.\\nGarrison himself doesn t practice all theories ema-\\nnating from that district. He may surpass the rest of\\nus, but it may be doubted whether he gives to every\\none that asks of him or turns away from none who\\nwould borrow of him and as for resisting what he\\nconsiders evil he has a perfect mania for it, using the\\nsonnet with deadly effect. It is true that the meta-\\nphysical theory of Hahnemann that a drug has me-\\ndicinal properties when attenuated to a degree repre-\\nsented by figures that overwhelm the imagination,\\nand that such properties are further affected by the\\nnumber and direction of the shakes given to the phial\\ncontaining the potency, was ridiculed, and very justly\\nso, as appears from the fact that few homeopathists\\nof to-day profess the theory, and fewer, if any, prac-\\ntice it, except, perhaps, as a form of mind cure. Prof.\\nJames was not less convincing than Mr. Garrison.\\nWith neat appreciation of the proprieties he pro-", "height": "5179", "width": "3358", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "180 CHEISTIAIST SCIENCE.\\nclaimed his professorship at Harvard, thereby drag-\\nging a reputable mother s name into company where\\nmost of her offspring would blush to see her. Next\\nhe took the bold, broad, not to say bad, ground that\\nthe State should not regulate medicine at all, because\\nit is not a finished science. This is the most de-\\nlicious tid-bit of logic yet offered. If we are to legis-\\nlate only about finished sciences our statute books\\nw T ill soon be made up of enactments that straight lines\\nshall be the shortest distances between points, and\\nthat it shall be a misdemeanor for the square de-\\nscribed on the hypothenuse to exceed the sum of the\\nsquares described on the other two sides.\\nIn the same year Senator Coggeshall introduced\\ninto the New York Legislature, at whose instance I\\ndo not know, a bill that would have affected Christian\\nScientists. At its hearing in committee so many\\nEddyites, most of them in skirts, were present that\\nadjournment was had to the Senate chamber. Ap-\\nparently no one spoke for the bill and no one of note\\nagainst it. After the usual platitudes concerning\\nliberty and the customary depreciation of medicine as\\nan unfinished science, the Senator is reported to have\\nsmiled, bowed to the ladies, and abandoned the bant-\\nling upon Mrs. Eddy s doorstep as cheerfully as he\\ntook it from its parent, whoever that may have been.\\nIt was another instance of an enthusiastic and organ-\\nized few carrying their point, while the unorganized\\nmultitude was indifferent and apathetic. It seems\\nobvious, therefore, that attempts at legislation in this\\nmatter should not be made ill-advisedly or without\\ndue organization.", "height": "5170", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND THE LAW. 181\\nBut does it follow that we are without remedy-\\nunder existing law? It would seem not. If it can\\nbe demonstrated that a Christian Scientist has caused\\ndeath by excluding proper medical or surgical treat-\\nment and substituting his mental processes in such\\ncases, for instance, as those submitted to Mr. Norton\\nand shelved by him it ought not to be difficult to\\nobtain a conviction of manslaughter, if not of murder.\\nThe societies for prevention of cruelty to children can\\nact in the premises. English courts are extraordi-\\nnarily lenient with fanatics, but although Wagstaflfe\\nescaped punishment prior to the enactment of the\\nPrevention of Cruelty to Children statute, that law\\nseems to have been passed in consequence of his ac-\\nquittal; and recently another member of the Pe-\\nculiar People, whose child died under a similar treat-\\nment by anointing with oil in Apostolic fashion, was\\nconvicted of manslaughter. If memory serves, Mr.\\nGerry, some years ago, took from a missionary a\\nchild whose fractured arm the father was treating\\nsolely by such anointing and the Bishop forbade the\\nparent to go back to his post. There is no reason\\nwhy Christian Scientists should not be compelled to\\nreport births, deaths and contagious diseases under\\nthe usual penalties for disobedience. If they say that\\nit is wrong to compel them, who do not believe in\\ndisease, to report its existence, once more the answer\\nis simple: Mrs. Eddy herself has reported in print\\nthat her first husband, Col. Glover, died of yellow\\nfever, that insidious disease.\\nBut after all, that which will destroy Christian\\nScience is the true exposition in the reviews and daily", "height": "5190", "width": "3348", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "182 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.\\npress of its absurdities, its vulgarities, its false pre-\\ntences as well as its dangers. It does not seem possible\\nthat a sane or reverent mind or one with any sense of\\nhumor could accept seriously the preachment of the\\nexceedingly shrewd, but very ignorant and ungram-\\nmatical old lady, once of Lynn but now of Concord.\\nAnd it is safe to say that unless Christian Scientists\\ncan win some temporary advantage by cheap martyr-\\ndom the time will come very soon when sane and\\nreputable persons, many of whom now accept the\\ndoctrine ignorantly, will blush with shame to think\\nthey ever could have been disciples of Mary Moss\\nBaker Glover Patterson Eddy, whose name seems to\\nbe legion. W. A. Purrington.\\nJuly jo.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "Index.\\nAbsent Treatment, 22, 30 11\\n101.\\nAdvertising, methods, (see Mrs.\\nEddy).\\n^Esop s fable, ass and lion s\\nskin, 97.\\nAgamo-genesis, possible in Sci-\\nence, 47.\\nAgathon s dinner, 23.\\nAgnosticism, confounded with\\ngnosticism, 42.\\nAnatomy, study of condemned,\\n25, 47; a cause of disease,\\n172.\\nAnecdotes, of Bishop and Luna-\\ntic, 63; of Faith Cure, 38.\\nAnimal Magnetism condemned,\\n2 3\u00c2\u00bb 47 58, (see Cerberus).\\nAnti-diploma Law of Massa-\\nchusetts, 51.\\nApothecary, meaning of, 145;\\nand grocer, 146; originally\\ndispenser not prescriber,\\n147, 148, 151; wins right to\\nprescribe, 132, 151 to 155;\\nin America, 158 n 163; in\\nEngland, 160; English\\napothecaries act, 155; ex-\\naminations, 157; try to en-\\njoin college of physicians\\nfrom licensing general\\npractitioners, 158; differs\\nfrom chemist, 158; contrast\\nbetween his legal liability\\nl and that of a Scientist,\\n178.\\nArgument against Christian\\nScience, remedy for dis-\\neases, 21, 22; summed up,\\nAristophanes ridicules harmony\\ncure, 23.\\nArtery, Christian Science tested\\nby, 65, 67, (see Norton).\\nAstrologer, consulted when in\\nprison, 88.\\nB\\nBabies, daily ablution of, 24,\\n(see Children).\\nBaker, maiden name of Mrs.\\nEddy, 40.\\nBarbers, ancient surgeons, 149.\\nBates, General Erastus N., 52,\\n58.\\nBathing, condemned, 24.\\nBaunscheidtismus, death from,\\n75-\\nBayard, last strict Hahneman-\\nnist in N. Y., 94.\\nBentham on legislation, 128.\\nBequests of Christian Science,\\ncostly and martial, 59.\\nBerkeley, Bishop, tar-water the-\\nory, 13; almost discovered\\nChristian Science, 18.\\nBible, (see Scriptures).\\nBishop, anecdote of lunatic\\nand, 63.\\n183", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "184\\nINDEX.\\nBoards of Exa?niners, (see Med-\\nical Examiners).\\nBoastfulness, badge of charla-\\ntan, II, (see Mrs. Eddy).\\nBody, evolved from mortal\\nmind, 21; not to be cared\\nfor, 24; seedling that starts\\nthought, 21.\\nBotanical School, Thomson s,\\nBrowning, Robert, poetry com-\\npared with Mrs. Eddy s,\\n59 60.\\nBuchanan s, College, compared\\nwith Mrs. Eddy s, 54.\\nBunions may be insanity, 21.\\nC. S. D., symbolic letters, 55;\\nfirst displayed by Mrs.\\nEddy, 45.\\nCabbage, eaten heartily by a\\nbaby under Mrs. Eddy s\\ncare, 27.\\nCadi, judgment of a, 25, no,\\nin.\\nCagliostro, 67, 91; offer to swal-\\nlow poison, 45 n\\nCancer, cured by Mrs. Eddy in\\none visit, 27; by merely\\nreading her book, 17, 166;\\nMr. Norton s statement as\\nto, 167.\\nCatnip and Christ, 1 Mrs.\\nEddy s profane compari-\\nson, 58.\\nCerberus, devours Delilah s vic-\\ntims, 58.\\nCertificates, Mrs. Eddy s, 27;\\nevidence of their fabrica-\\ntion, 6o n (see Mrs. Eddy s\\nadvertising methods,\\nDeath).\\nCharlatanism, 1 1 homicide\\nand, 127.\\nCharter, (see College, Mrs.\\nEddy).\\nChemist, English equivalent of\\nAmerican apothecary, 158.\\nChildbirth, normal operation of\\nfunction, not disease, 66,\\n120 danger of Christian\\nScience in, 67.\\nChildren, cured of bowel com-\\nplaint, 27; dumpishness,\\n61; hayfever and rupture,\\n30 11 diseases of, due to ma-\\nternal ideas, 25, 169, 171;\\ndanger to, of Eddyism, 25,\\n26, 37, 169, 171; medical\\nneglect of, 26, 87, 88, (see\\nPeculiar People); exposure\\nof to contagion, 26, 65, 103,\\n120; not amenable to force\\nof suggestion, 103; inflam-\\nmation of eyes, to be report-\\ned, 108; severed artery, 64:\\n104; 113; 168; protection\\nfrom cruelty, 181, (see Nor-\\nton).\\nChrist, corner-stone of Mrs. Ed-\\ndy s church, 41; and catnip,\\n58 less than Christianity 18.\\nChristianity, larger than its\\nfounder, 18.\\nChristian Science, alleged cures\\ndue to suggestion, etc., 66,\\n101 no peculiar efficacy in,\\n64; basis of Mrs. Eddy s\\nchurch, 41; causes of suc-\\ncess, 18, 19, 66 condemns\\nall other systems, 24; dan-\\nger of, 23, 29, 37, 177; de-\\nstroys Mrs. Eddy s edu-\\ncation, 42; differs from\\nhomeopathy and eclecti-\\ncism, 117; discovery of, 17,\\n48, 49; hopelessly origi-\\nnal, 47; inefficacious and\\nsham in surgical cases, 28,\\n64, 101, 171; only means\\nof cure, 23, 24; originated", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "INDEX\\n185\\nin homeopathic idea, 16,\\nloo; practice of should not\\nbe absolutely forbidden, 34,\\n115,180; pretences summed\\nup, 166; publicity will de-\\nstroy, 36, 98, 182; suc-\\ncess dependent on fees, 56;\\ntherapeutic methods, 21,82,\\n84, 101; unimportant as a\\nreligious or metaphysical\\ntheory, 22, 63, 100, 102,\\n(see Manslaughter, Medical\\nBoards, Mrs. Eddy).\\nChristian Scientists, disingenu-\\nous, of 104 liability of for\\nmalpractice, 32, 33, 109,\\n114, 181 (see manslaugh-\\nter); reports of contagious\\ndisease and death by, 86,\\n108, 120, 181; held to be\\nor not to be practitioners of\\nmedicine according to law\\nof the particular jurisdic-\\ntion, 31, 79 seq., (see cita-\\ntions of Smith v. Lane);\\nMrs. Eddy s advice to, 56;\\ntheir comfortable fortunes,\\n57; their fees, 56, 83, 84;\\nreasons of their objection to\\nclassification with physi-\\ncians, 16.\\nChurchy Mrs. Eddy s, 41; civil\\nliability of Christian Scien-\\ntists, (see Christian Scien-\\ntists).\\nClairvoyance, is medical practice\\nif coupled with material\\nremedies, 81, 85; con-\\ndemned by Mrs. Eddy, 23,\\n47.\\nCleanliness, discouraged, 20, 24.\\nClergy, formerly practiced physic\\nand licensed physicians, 149.\\nClothing, unnecessary to Chris-\\ntian Scientists, 25.\\nCoffee Thomsonian remedy,\\n71,72.\\nCoggeshall, legislative bill of\\nsenator, 180.\\nCollege, (Mrs. Eddy s), 50 to\\n57; course of instnictioi\\nstaff and fees, 51, 52;\\nclosed on account of pros-\\nperity, 55; or anti-diploma\\nlaw, 51; enormous success,\\n54.\\nCollege, Royal of Physicians,\\nchartered, 148; by-laws,\\n157; right to license, 158.\\nConjugal Rights, Mrs. Eddy s\\nideas of, 46, 47.\\nCopyright, Mrs. Eddy s zeal for\\nher, 47, 48, 49, 168; in-\\nfringement of declared\\ntheft, 48.\\nConstitutionality of health and\\nmedical laws, 14, 124.\\nContagious Diseases, duty to re-\\nport, 31, 33, 86, 108, 120,\\n181; exposure of children\\nto, 26, 65, 103, 120.\\nCrous, Jno. M., his hydro-\\nphobia cure, 70.\\nCures, due to faith of mortal\\nmind, 20; scandal, 78\u00c2\u00b0;\\nMrs. Eddy s book, 47; of\\nhayfever, heart disease and\\ninsanity, 3o n dumpish-\\nness, 61; dropsy and in-\\nfantile bowel complaint, 27;\\ncrushed foot, etc., 28, (see\\nCancer and Mrs. Eddy s ad-\\nvertising methods).\\nD\\nDamages, (see civil liability).\\nDanger of Eddyism, (see Chris-\\ntian Science).\\nDarwin, comparison of Mrs.\\nEddy with, 168.\\nDeath, certificates of, 86, 108,\\n(see Manslaughter).\\nDeformity, a belief, 22.", "height": "5179", "width": "3325", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "186\\nINDEX.\\nDelilah, leads victims to Cer-\\nberus, 58.\\nDenf s case, 14.\\nDentistry, a branch of medicine,\\n138, 139.\\nDiagnosis, physicians err in, 12;\\nimmorality of medical, 24;\\nMrs. Eddy s certain, i6 n\\nby Christian Scientists, i6 n\\n101; Mr. Norton s explana-\\ntion of, 65, 170, (see Dis-\\ncernment); need of, 22.\\nDiet, care in, condemned i6 n\\n20; unscientific, 24.\\nDiphtheria, exposure of children\\nto by Faith curer, 26.\\nDiplomas, poor standards of\\nmedical qualification, 128,\\n141; Mrs. Eddy s scruples\\nas to hers, 51; medical, 139\\nseq.\\nDiscernment, equivalent of,\\ndiagnosis, i6 n\\nDiscord, the nothingness of\\nerror, 23; is discord, 171,\\n(see Norton).\\nDiscovery, Mrs. Eddy s was\\nhopelessly original, 47.\\nDisease, (see Norton).\\nDiseases, conscious beliefs of\\nunconscious mind, dream\\nshadows and growths of\\nillusion, 20, 22; feigned and\\nself-limited, 66; non-exist-\\nent, 21; to be argued with,\\n21, 22; cured by Mrs.\\nEddy s book, 21; mortal\\nmind, 100; unintelligent, 21.\\nDisingenuousness, of Christian\\nScientists, 104.\\nDiss de Bar, the adventuress, 35.\\nDraughts, harmless to scien-\\ntists, 25.\\nDrea?ns, Mrs. Eddy s history a\\nrecord of, 43, 44, 45.\\nDresser, H. W., Arena article on\\nMrs. Eddy, 38.\\nDropsy, cured by Mrs. Eddy,\\n28.\\nDrowsiness, caused by Mrs.\\nEddy s book, 3011, 61.\\nDrugs, use of shows lack of\\nfaith in God, 24, 58.\\nDruggist, (see Apothecary).\\nDying, restored to life, 28.\\nE\\nEating, unnecessary, 29.\\nEclectics, (see Schools of Medi-\\ncine).\\nEddy, Asa B., marriage to Mrs.\\nPatterson, 44; first pupil of\\nMrs. Eddy to display sign\\nof Christian Scientist, 45;\\ndeath of from poison men-\\ntally administered, 45 11\\nEddy, Ebenezer J. Foster, 52.\\nEddy, Mrs. Mary Baker Glover\\nPatterson, autobiography,\\n37; advertising methods,\\n27, 28, 36, 6on, 61, 62;\\nadmitted to church, 41;\\nadvises disciples to charge\\nfees, etc., 56; admits that her\\ndisciples are not fit to treat\\nsurgical cases, 28, 64, 172;\\nboastfulness, 17, 18, 19,48,\\n49\u00c2\u00bb 5\u00c2\u00b0\u00c2\u00bb 57 certainty of\\ndiagnosis, i6n, 99; child-\\nhood early studies, 40, 41,\\n42, 99; compared with\\nCagliostro, 67; with Lydia\\nPinkham, 60; danger of her\\nteachings, 37; disparage-\\nment and denunciation of\\nP. P. Quimby and all sys-\\ntems of treating the sick,\\n23, 24, 38, 47; disdain of\\nLindley Murray, 43; dis-\\ncourages all study except\\nof her book and the Bible,", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n187\\n25, 54; Defines infringe-\\nment of her copyright as\\ntheft, 48; experiments\\non herself with poisons,\\n45 n forgets all she ever\\nlearned from books, 42;\\nfirst person to interpret the\\nscriptures, 48, 49; gains in\\nsubstance, 50; forgets her\\ngrammar, 42, 43, 60; high\\npotency homeopath, 16, 20,\\n100; hopelessly original,\\n47; hears mystic voices, 40;\\nhumorous sense, 38; in-\\ntelligent ease in facing\\nabout, 39, 40; ignorance, 42,\\n99; incoherence, 19; mar-\\nriage, her views of, 46; un-\\nnecessary to procreation,\\n46, 47; to Col. Glover, 42;\\nto Mr. Eddy, 44; to Dr.\\nPatterson, 43; her mar-\\nriages were dreams and\\nshadows that declined, 44;\\nmathematical logic of her\\nteaching, 40; her methods,\\n21, 29, 82, 84, 101;\\nmother, her title of, 40;\\nmore than mortal, 40, 49;\\nher poetry, 18, 36, 43, 59;\\nher weird rhetoric, 58, 59;\\nher spiritual grace of divine\\norigin, 39; scriptures read\\nthrough belief in eyesight,\\n57 summary of her system,\\n100, 104; shadow not grow-\\ning less, 50; separation of\\nyears from her child, 43;\\nunselfishness in accepting\\nlarge fees divinely sug-\\ngested, 52, 53; teaches that\\nprayer to personal God is\\ninjurious, 27; vagueness of\\nthought and vulgarity of\\nexpression, 18, 19, 58; vin-\\ndictiveness toward P. P.\\nQuimby, 24, 38, (see\\nAgnosticism, Certificates,\\nChristian Science, College,\\nPantheism).\\nEducation, Mrs. Eddy s, lost\\nupon discovery of Chris-\\ntian Science, 42; unneces-\\nsary, harmful and distaste-\\nful to Scientists, 54,\\n116; purpose of medical\\nlaws to ensure, 115, 175;\\n(see medical laws and legis-\\nlation) in England prior to\\napothecaries act, 156, (see\\nMedical Education; Health,\\nand Anatomy, Study).\\nElectricity, administration of as a\\nremedial agent is practice\\nof medicine, 81.\\nEryximachns, cure of hic-\\ncoughs, medical theory of\\nharmony, 23.\\nExaminations, (see Medical\\nBoards, etc.).\\nExercise, disapproved, 20, 24,\\n47; does not increase mus-\\ncular power, 24.\\nExperience, medical treatment\\nshould accord with, 13, 73.\\nEyes, reading not done by, 57.\\nP\\nFaith, affects bodily con-\\ndition, 12, 20.\\nFaith Cure, ridiculed and con-\\ndemned by Mrs. Eddy, 38,\\n47.\\nFear, affects body, 12.\\nFees, of Christian Scientists,\\n56, 81, 83, 113; aid cure of\\nthe sick, 55; for Mrs.\\nEddy s tuition divinely in-\\nspired, 52, 53; and un-\\nselfishly accepted, 43; as\\nelement of medical prac-\\ntice, no.\\nFelony, intent as element of, J^", "height": "5173", "width": "3350", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "188\\nINDEX.\\n77, (see Manslaughter and\\nSuicide).\\nFever, Mrs. Eddy s, 41; Col.\\nGlover* s death from in-\\nsidious disease yellow fever,\\n43-\\nFishbone, in child s throat as\\ntest of Science, 65, (see\\nNorton).\\nFlannel, less protection than\\nmind, 25.\\nFood, not necessary to support\\nlife, 29; depriving a child\\nof, criminal, 29.\\nFractures, cured by Mrs. Eddy,\\nbut to be avoided by her\\ndisciples, 28.\\nForgetfulness, Mrs. Eddy s, after\\ndiscovering her Science,\\n42.\\nFrederic, Harold, case of, 33,\\n69.\\nG\\nGalileo, 12, 13.\\nGarrison, Wm. Lloyd, 178.\\nGehazi, Christian Scientist,\\ncompared to, 84.\\nGlover, Col. Geo. W., first hus-\\nband of Mrs. Eddy, 42, 43.\\nGodliness, mystery of unlocked,\\nby Mrs. Eddy, 48; no mor-\\ntal could have unlocked it,\\n49-\\nGnosticism, confused with ag-\\nnosticism, 42.\\nGrammar, Mrs. Eddy s weak-\\nness in English, 42, 43, 60.\\nGrocers, of same guild with\\napothecaries, 146.\\nH\\nHahnemannism, decadence of,\\n94, 176; differentiated from\\nChristian Science, 176; high\\npotency theory starting-\\npoint of Mrs. Eddy, 16, 100;\\nproperly ridiculed, 179.\\nHale, Lord, (see Manslaughter).\\nHalford, Sir Henry, on apoth-\\necaries act, 132.\\nHarmony, Aristophanes and\\nEryximachus discuss, the\\nsomethingness of Truth,\\nsubstitute for physiology,\\nHealing sick, Christian Science\\nhas no distinct efficacy in,\\n64.\\nHealth, treatises on cause sick-\\nness, 25, 47, 172; is Mind,\\n100.\\nHealth Laws, purpose of, 14,\\n(see Constitutionality, Leg-\\nislation, Medical Laws).\\nHistory, useless except to illus-\\ntrate truth, 46.\\nHolmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, on\\nBerkeley, 13; Judge Oliver\\nWendell, (see Manslaugh-\\nter).\\nHomeopathy, (see Hahneman-\\nnism, Medical Schools);Mrs.\\nEddy s starting-point, 16,\\n20, 100; denounced by Mrs.\\nEddy, 23; agrees with other\\nmedical systems in accept-\\ning the teachings of general\\nscience and reality of sick-\\nness, 176.\\nHomeopathists, aid passage of\\nN. Y. Medical Law, 95, 143;\\nnot to be classed with\\nChristian Scientists, 117;\\ndissensions among, 94, (see\\nSchools of Medicine).\\nHomicide, (see Manslaughter);\\ncompared with quack prac-\\ntices, 125.\\nHope, affects body, 12.\\nHopeless originality, of Mrs.\\nEddy s discovery, 47.\\nHumor, Mrs. Eddy s, 38.", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "I^DEX,\\n189\\nHumbug, of Christian Science,\\n65, 101, 172.\\nHunger, a mental impression,\\n29.\\nHuntoon, Mehitable, hears mys-\\ntic voices call Mary Baker,\\n40.\\nHydrophobia, Crous s cure for,\\n70.\\nHygiene, denounced by Mrs.\\nEddy, 16 20, 24, 47.\\nIgnorance, Mrs. Eddy s, exam-\\nples of, 18, 42, 43, 48, 59,\\n60, 99.\\nIllinois, Medical Laws of, 82 n\\n134. H2.\\nImmortality, already here, 29.\\nIncoherence, of Mrs. Eddy s\\nwritings, I9 n\\nInfants, folly of bathing, 24.\\nInsanity, no defence of Christian\\nScience, 32.\\nIowa, (see Manslaughter).\\nIrish, happiness of emigrants in\\nfilth, 24.\\nJames, Professor, 178, 179.\\nJenkins, case of, 148.\\nJenner, 12, 13.\\nJesus, (see Christ).\\nK\\nKeithley s case, 74.\\nKerosene, malpractice by use\\nof, 76.\\nKershaw s case, 69, (see Man-\\nslaughter).\\nLaw, affects practices, not the-\\nories and religious beliefs,\\n30, 34, 86, 96, (see Legisla-\\ntion and Medical Laws).\\nLaws, regulating medical prac-\\ntice, reports of contagious\\ndiseases, etc., in New York,\\n106.\\nLegislation, Bentham on, 128;\\nfavorable to Christian Sci-\\nence, 33, 178 to 181; neces-\\nsarily imperfect, 128; need\\nof to control Scientists\\ndoubtful, 33, 90, 114, 180;\\nnot confined to exact sci-\\nences, 180; obstacles to\\nmedical, 137; purpose,\\nscope and limits of, (see\\nLaw and Medical Laws).\\nLiberty, Religious, (see Reli-\\ngion).\\nLiability, of Christian Scien-\\ntists, (see, Penalties, Man-\\nslaughter, Christian Scien-\\ntists).\\nLicense, to practice medicine,\\n(see Medical Laws).\\nLobelia inflata, Thomsonian\\nremedy, 72.\\nLong, St. John, quack convicted\\nof manslaughter, 31; ladies\\nof rank testify to his cures,\\n88.\\nLovett, Ezra, death from Thom-\\nsonian treatment, 71, 72.\\nLunatic, anecdote of Bishop\\nand, 63.\\nM\\nMalpractice, in medicine lia-\\nbility for, 30, 109, in, 181,\\n(see Manslaughter).\\nManslaughter, American rule,\\n73; by Baunscheidtismus,\\n75; constructive, by un-\\nlicensed medical practi-\\ntioner, 31, 72, 74, 77; cases\\nof Keithley and Rice, 74;", "height": "5190", "width": "3351", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "190\\nINDEX.\\nof Lovett and Thomson,\\n71, 72; Bemis and Pierce,\\n76; by recklessness, 32, 72,\\ny/ t 114, 125; by substitut-\\ning negations of Christian\\nScience for right practice,\\n32, 78, 114, 120, 166, 171,\\n181; duty to deceased ele-\\nment of, 31, 33, 109, 112;\\nEnglish rule, 33.\\nHale, opinion of Lord, 72, yy\\\\\\nHolmes, opinion of Judge,\\n73 to 78; intent to cure\\nconsistent with criminality,\\n73, yj\\\\ by negligence, 32;\\noffence against state gov-\\nerned by different rule from\\nthat of civil liability, 112;\\nvictim s willingness to die,\\nno defence, 126, (see Sui-\\ncide).\\nMarshrosemary, coffee of the\\nThomsonians, 72.\\nMarriage, Mrs. Eddy s to Col.\\nGlover a dream, 43, 44; to\\nDr. Patterson a shadow\\nthat declined, 44; to Mr.\\nEddy a blessed spiritual\\nunion, 44; unnecessary for\\nprocreation, 47; celibacy\\npreferable, 46; convenient,\\npleasant or a love affair,\\n46, (see Mrs. Eddy and\\nConjugal Rights).\\nMartyrdom, cheap, a boon to the\\nScientists, 34, 182.\\nMassachusetts Metaphysical\\ncollege, (see College).\\nMaterial History, only a dream,\\n.44-\\nMatter, non-existent, another\\nname for mortal mind,\\n21.\\nMatteran, Q. C, on apothe-\\ncaries act, 161.\\nMatthias, imposture and indict-\\nment of, 34, 35.\\nMedical Boards of Examiners,\\nin New York, 14, 15, 135,\\nI44 n do not demand uni-\\nformity in practice, 14, 15;\\nsuggested for Christian\\nScience, 16, 116, 117; why\\nnot for Catholics and Prot-\\nestants, etc., 121.\\nMedical Education, (see Edu-\\ncation, Study, Diplomas).\\nMedical Laws, approval of by\\ncourts, 14, 124; argument\\nagainst, 13; do not pre-\\nscribe one system of prac-\\ntice, 14, 15, 136, 140; en-\\nforcment of, 86, 114, 129,\\n130, 142, 162; petition for\\nrepeal of, N. Y., 89; pur-\\npose and scope of, 89, 114,\\n123 seq., 134, 137,144, 175;\\nwidened by defining medi-\\ncal practice will include\\nChristian Scientists, 121;\\nobstacles to enacting, 137.\\nMedical Practice, (see Practice\\nof Medicine).\\nMedical Schools, (see Schools\\nof Medicine).\\nMedical Societies, function of,\\n133.\\nMedical Study, impairs natural\\ngifts of healers, 89; prereq-\\nuisite to license, 15, 85;\\nMrs. Eddy s denunciation\\nof, 25, 54; legal regulation\\nof, 140, (see Education,\\nStudy).\\nMedical Systems, (see Schools\\nof Medicine).\\nMedical Text-Books, cause dis-\\nease, 25.\\nMedicine, administered by sci-\\nentists, 16 n practice of,\\n(see Practice); not an exact\\nscience, 12, 119; right of\\nphysicians to dispense, dis-\\nputed, 147, 148; use of", "height": "5179", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n191\\ncondemned by Mrs. Eddy,\\n(see Drugs).\\n11 Mediumship, denounced by\\nMrs. Eddy, 23.\\nMental stimulus, affects body,\\n12.\\nMesmerism, denounced by Mrs.\\nEddy, 23.\\nMidwifery, a branch of medi-\\ncine, 139.\\nMind, (see Mortal Mind); regu-\\nlates your childs stomach,\\n25.\\nMind cure, denounced by Mrs.\\nEddy, 23, 47.\\nMisdemeanor, unlicensed prac-\\ntice of medicine may be in\\nU. S., 36; is in New York,\\n106; is not in England, 31;\\npractice of Christian Sci-\\nence is not in N. Y., but is\\nin Nebraska, 106.\\nMissouri, (see Practice of Medi-\\ncine).\\nMormon cases, 64, 86, 87.\\nMortal Mind, does not exist,\\n29; another name for mat-\\nter, 21 is disease, 100.\\nMother, title of Mrs. Eddy,\\n40.\\nMothers, cause diseases of chil-\\ndren by their thoughts, 25,\\n169, 171.\\nMother s Darling, and Evening\\nPrayer, poems of Mrs.\\nEddy, 43, 60.\\nMovement cure, denounced,\\n23. 47.\\nMurder, malpractice may be,\\n31, 78, 120.\\nMurray, Lindley, grammar of,\\n42, 43, (see Grammar).\\nN\\nNebraska, medical practice in\\nby Scientists,* 82.\\nNegligence, (see Manslaughter).\\nNew York, Boards of medical\\nexaminers, 14, 15, 135,\\nI44 n legislature of, buys\\nhydrophobia cure, 70;\\npractice of medicine in, 31,\\n72, 82, (see Citations of\\nSmith v. Lane).\\nNexus, importance of the, 46.\\nNorton, Mr. Carrol, eulogy of\\nMrs. Eddy, 39; defines\\ndisease as disease, pain as\\npain, etc., 171; idea of\\ndiagnosis, 65, 171; lack of\\nfaith in his own teachings,\\n64; lecture in Metropoli-\\ntan Opera House, 64, 165;\\noffers medical proof of cer-\\ntain cures, 167; scouts idea\\nthat a child s malady is in\\nthe maternal mind, 169;\\nshelves test questions,\\n104, 113, 168, 169, 171;\\nsuggests comparison of\\nEddyism with philosophy\\nof Darwin and Spencer,\\n168.\\no\\nOhio, practice of medicine in,\\n82.\\nOrmonde, Marchioness of testi-\\nfies for St. John Long, 89.\\nOsteopathy, 81.\\nPain, a belief without adequate\\ncause, 21; is pain, 171.\\nPaine, Dr. H. M., reference to\\nMrs. Eddy s homeopathy,\\n20^.\\nPantheism, Mrs. Eddy s under-\\nstanding of, 42.\\nPatterson, Dr., Mrs. Eddy s\\nsecond husband, 43, 44.", "height": "5179", "width": "3366", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "192\\nIKDEX.\\nPeculiar People/* deaths of\\nchildren under their neg-\\nlect, 87, 88.\\nPenalties, amenability of Scien-\\ntists malpracticing, etc.,\\nto, 31, 33, 109, 114, 181,\\n(see Misdemeanor, and\\nPractice of Medicine).\\nPetition, for repeal of N. Y.\\nMedical Law, 89.\\nPharmacy, a branch of medi-\\ncine, 138, 139.\\nPhysical sense, is error and\\nshadow, 50.\\nPhysic, less exact than surgery,\\n136.\\nPhysician, dispensing of drugs\\nby, 147 to 150; duty to ex-\\namine theories candidly\\nwithout prejudice, 96, 137;\\nmay follow any system, 15;\\nliability for malpractice, 31,\\n33, 109, in, (see Man-\\nslaughter); not infallible,\\n12, 13, 119; should not be\\nconsulted by Christian\\nScientists, 23.\\nPhysiology, anti-Christian, 23;\\na cause of disease, 172;\\nshould be replaced by har-\\nmony, 23.\\nPinkham, Lydia, Mrs. Eddy\\ncompared to, 60.\\nPlacenta pravia, 67.\\nPoetry, Mrs. Eddy s i8 n 36,43,\\n59-\\nPoison, mental administration of\\nto Mr. Eddy, Mrs. Eddy s\\nimmunity to, Cagliostro s\\noffer to swallow, 45.\\nPolice power, medical practice\\nregulated under, 14.\\nPolicy of enacting laws against\\nChristian Science, 90.\\nPopham, Sir John, on medical\\npractice of apothecary, 149.\\nPractice of Medicine, by\\napothecaries, 132, 148,\\n151, 155; defined in Eng-\\nland, 160; in general, 106,\\n108; Illinois, 82n; Indiana,\\n80; Maine, Michigan and\\nMissouri, 8 1 Nebraska,\\n8.2; New York, 79; Ohio,\\n82, 107; Rhode Island, 84,\\n107; Wisconsin, 81; Mrs.\\nEddy s opinion of, 23.\\nPrayer, to a personal God is in-\\njurious in science, 27.\\nPredestination, rejected by Mrs.\\nEddy in childhood, 41.\\nPrevention of Medical aid, (see\\nManslaughter).\\nProphylaxis, of Christian Sci-\\nence, 25.\\nPublic Health Laws, (see Med-\\nical Laws) in New York,\\n106, 108.\\nPublicity, will destroy Christian\\nScience, 36, 98, 121, 182.\\nPuffendorf, cites Cadis judg-\\nment, 25, no.\\nQ\\nQuacks, their argument against\\nMedical Laws, 13; com-\\npared with homicides, 125;\\npretences to peculiar gifts,\\n8 5\\nQuackery, (see Charlatan); not\\nforbidden by law, in; in-\\ncrease of, in England, after\\nRose s case, 132.\\nQuarles, on the good fortune of\\nphysicians, 102.\\nQuimby, P. P., disparaged by\\nhis former patient, Mrs.\\nEddy, 24, 38.\\nRam-cats, Thomsonian rem-\\nedy, 71.", "height": "5205", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "HSTDEX,\\n193\\nReading, by belief in eyesight,\\n57-\\nRecklessness, in treating the\\nsick, (see Manslaughter,\\nMalpractice, Civil Liability);\\nof Scientists, 30\u00c2\u00b0.\\nRegistration, of physicians, 141.\\nReligion, not to be used to cloak\\ncrime, lust and greed, opin-\\nion of U. S. Supreme Court,\\n30, 86, 87; of Nebraska\\nCourt, 84; Mrs. Eddy s,\\nunimportant apart from its\\ndangerous practices, 22, 63,\\nioo 7 102; not a test of med-\\nical skill, 13, 121; not as-\\nsailed by preventing the ig-\\nnorant from treating the\\nsick, 63.\\nRetrospection and Introspection,\\nMrs. Eddy s autobiography\\n37-\\nRhetoric, Mrs. Eddy s wonder-\\nful, 58.\\nRhymes, Mrs. Eddy s, (see\\nPoetry).\\nRubbing, denounced, 24.\\ns\\nScandal Cure, j8 n\\nScience and Health with Key to\\nthe Scriptures, deeply dip-\\nping into last edition quali-\\nfies to cure disease, 52;\\nonly text-book except Bible,\\n54; drowsiness and vomit-\\ning caused by reading,\\n3o n 61.\\nScience of Man, Mrs. Eddy s\\nfirst book, cures from read-\\ning it, copyright infringed,\\n47.\\nV Schools of Medicine, disap-\\npearance of differences with\\ngrowth of exact knowledge,\\n144; equality before the\\nlaw, 134; differ from Chris-\\ntian Science in accepting\\nresults of learning and ex-\\nperience, 117, 136.\\nScriptures, inadequate prior to\\nMrs. Eddy s discovery, 48.\\nScruples, Mrs. Eddy s as to\\ndiplomas, 51.\\nSenior, twice convicted of man-\\nslaughter of his children by\\nrefusing medical aid, 88 n\\nSenses, their evidence not to be\\nheeded, 57; error and\\nshadow, 50.\\nSham, of Christian Science con-\\nfessed by Mrs. Eddy, 28,\\n65, 101, 172.\\nSickness is inharmony, 23, (see\\nDisease).\\nSimon, the sorcerer, Christian\\nScientists compared to, 82.\\nSlander, to say a licensed prac-\\ntitioner has killed a patient\\nby malpractice, 74.\\nSmallpox, as a test of Christian\\nScience, 65, 168, (see\\nNorton).\\nSocrates, 12, 13; ridicules pre-\\nsumption of ignorance, 118.\\nSoul, is substance, 50.\\nSpencer, Herbert, comparison\\nof Mrs. Eddy with, 168.\\nitualism, denounced, 23.\\nState Boards, of Medical Ex-\\naminers, (see Medical\\nBoards); suggested for\\nScientists, 16, 116, 117.\\nStrangulation, of child a test of\\nScience, 65, 168, (see\\nNorton).\\nStudy, of medicine causes dis-\\nease, 25; of general science\\ncondemned, 54; of Bible\\nwith science and health all\\nsufficient, 54.\\nSubstance, is soul, 50.\\nSuggestion, effects cures of", "height": "5206", "width": "3370", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "194\\nINDEX.\\nChristian Science, 101, 104;\\nchildren not subject to, 103;\\neliminated by Mrs. Eddy,\\n104.\\nSuicide, a felony to attempt, or\\naid, or abet, 33, 112.\\nSurgeons, once barbers, 149.\\nSurgery, more exact than\\nphysic, 136; to be avoided\\nby Christian Scientists, 28.\\nSystems, of medicine, (see\\nSchools).\\nTAR-water, Bishop Berkeley s,\\n13.\\nTenement house, children ex-\\nposed to contagion in, 26.\\nTest questions, in Christian\\nScience, (see Norton).\\nTheft, infringement of Mrs.\\nEddy s copyright declared\\nto be, 48.\\nTherapeutics, no system favored\\nby law, 14, 15, 136; should\\nbe based on experience,\\n112; Mrs. Eddy s system\\nOf, 21, 22, IO\\nThinkers, their time has come,\\nIS-\\nThirst, a mental impression, 29.\\nThomson, Samuel, founder of\\nBotanic School, 71.\\nTrades-union spirit, not scien-\\ntific, 133, 156.\\nV\\nVagueness, of Eddyism, 19\\nVis medic atrix natures, force\\nof, 12, 66.\\nVomiting, due to reading\\nScience and Health, 30,\\n61.\\nW\\nWelHny -gristle, Thomsonian\\nremedy, 71.\\nWoodbury, Mrs. J. C, article\\nin Arena, 38.\\nWorms, caused in children by\\nmaternal thought, 25.\\nYellow fever, an insidious dis-\\nease, 41.", "height": "5179", "width": "3184", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5129", "width": "3395", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "M 1900", "height": "5113", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "", "height": "5169", "width": "3287", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nin\\n022 169 590.2", "height": "5076", "width": "3430", "jp2-path": "christianscienc00purr_0206.jp2"}}