{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3385", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "o 0^\\nOo.\\n^x", "height": "3348", "width": "2012", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "v^\\ns .A\\nv^*^ -^ct\\ncV\\n.s -n*..\\nOO\\nN^\\\\-^", "height": "3348", "width": "2012", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3343", "width": "1789", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3343", "width": "1789", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3405", "width": "1852", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "HISTORY\\nLANCASTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nWRITTEN AND EDITED BY\\nREV. A. N. SOMERS.\\nPublished and Issued by Order op the Town\\nJAMES W. WEEKS,\\nHENRY O. KENT,\\nCHESTER B. JORDAN,\\nIts Co7)i7nittee.\\ni898.\\nCONCORD, N. H.:\\nTHE KUMFOKD FKE55.\\n1899.", "height": "3405", "width": "1852", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "PREFATORY NOTE BY THE COMMITTEE\\nAt the annnal March meeting, 1892, the town took its first steps\\ntowards a history. It was then contemplated that the history should\\nembrace a narrative, an account of the trades and business, churches,\\nschools, and the like, and also personal biography of the early settlers\\nand their families. As the work grew it was found that all this could not\\nbe included within one volume, and it was therefore deemed best to\\nexclude all personal biography and the genealogy of families, save as the\\nsame might appear in narrative and other form. The town has a large\\namount of biographical material to be used at some future day, when\\nanother volume of history may be published. It was gathered by the\\ncommittee for this volume, but left out for the reason that it would make\\nthe book too large. The committee regret the necessity of such action,\\nbut congratulates the town that it now has in safe keeping much valuable\\nmatter concerning its pioneers, who acted so well their parts in founding\\na town and a civilization that we trust will bring no discredit upon them\\nor their works.\\nJames W. Weeks,\\nHenry O. Kent,\\nChester B. Jordan,\\nCommittee\\nLancaster, July i, 1898.", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nPART I.\\nChapter I. Discovery and Exploration of the Upper Coos\\nII. Location and Charter of the Town\\nIII. The Town as a Civil Organization\\nIV. The Settlement of the Town\\nV. The Survey, Relocation, and Allotment of the Lands\\nVI. The Organization of the Town\\nVII. The Building of Roads and Bridges\\nVIII. The Revolutionary Period\\nIX. The Town from 1776 to 1800\\nX. The Town from 1800 to 1850\\nXI. The Town from 1850 to 1897\\nXII. Education in Lancaster\\nXIII. The Establishment and Development of Religion in Lancaster\\nXIV. Lancaster in Relation to the Vermont Controversy\\nXV. Some Early Marriages and Deaths in Lancaster\\nXVI. Some Early Private Accounts with the Town\\nXVII. Religious Holidays, Musters, Raisings\\nXVIII. Some Temperance Movements in Lancaster\\nXIX. The Political History of the Town\\nXX. Some Authors of the Town and their Writings\\nXXI. The Early Post-riders and the Mails\\nXXII. Some Epidemics that have Prevailed in Lancaster\\nXXIII. The Railroads\\nPART II.\\nChapter I. The Natural History of the Town\\nII. Localities, Streets, Parks, and Cemeteries\\nIII. Material Growth of the Town\\nIV. Domestic Life in Early Times\\nV. Games, Sports, and Amusements of Early Times\\nVI. Mercantile Enterprises and Merchants\\nVII. Manufacturing Enterprises of the Town\\nVIII. Banks and Other Corporations\\nIX. The History of Education\\nX. The Churches\\nXI. The Newspapers of the Town\\nXII. The Learned Professions\\nXIII. Fraternal Societies\\nXIV. Public Buildings\\nXV. The Fire Department\\nXVI. The Civil List of the Town\\nXVII. The Soldiers of Lancaster\\nXVIII. The Centennial Celebration of the Settlement of the Town of\\nLancaster, 1764-July 14, 1864\\n563", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "X\\nLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nWeeks, Major John W.\\nWeeks, William D.\\nWells, John Sullivan\\nWhidden, Beni- Franklin\\nWhite, John H.\\nWhite Mountains from District No. lo\\nWilliams, Jared Warner, Governor\\nface page 94\\n137\\n464\\n472\\n464\\n316\\n464", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nTHE DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION OF THE UPPER COOS.\\nThe Indian name of Cohoss, or Cowas, was known to the settlers\\nof the towns in the southern part of New Hampshire and Massachu-\\nsetts since the beginning of the troubles with the Indians and French.\\nIn a vague manner it signified a large and valuable tract of land\\nalong the Connecticut river. As early as 1704 we find this name\\nappearing in the Provincial Records, Vol. VI, pp. 278, 874. Hun-\\nters had followed their craft within this territory for many years,\\nand had brought to the settlements glowing accounts of its fertile\\nmeadows and. richness of timbers, as well as its abundance of game.\\nIn the spring of 1752, John Stark, afterward known as General\\nStark, his brother William, Amos Eastman, and David Stinson were\\nset upon by a party of St. Francis Indians while hunting on Baker s\\nriver, in the present town of Rumney. John Stark and Amos East-\\nman were captured, while David Stinson was killed, and William\\nStark made his escape. These two prisoners were taken to the set-\\ntlement of the St. Francis tribe in Canada, passing through the\\nCohoss country, halting to hunt at points along the route. They\\ncamped the first night at the mouth of John s, river. These two\\nyoung men had thus a good opportunity to view the famed Co-\\nhoss Meadows so much talked of in the lower settlements of New\\nHampshire.\\nOn the return of Stark and Eastman, who were ransomed in the\\nsummer of 1752, they gave a glowing account of the Cohoss country,\\nwhich excited renewed interest in the previous desire and immature\\nplan for its settlement. During that year Governor Wentworth\\nmade several grants of townships on both sides of the Connecticut\\nriver, by which he hoped to secure the settlement of this coveted\\ncountry. Accordingly a party set out to lay out a township on\\neither side of the river where Newbury, Vt., and Haverhill, N. H.,\\nnow are. A prompt remonstrance on the part of the St. Francis\\nIndians led to the abandonment of the plan for a period of ten years.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "2 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nIn the spring of 1754, the governor sent Colonel Lovewell, Major\\nTalford, and Captain Page out in command of a company, with John\\nStark as their guide, to explore the Cohoss country. They left Rum-\\nford (now Concord) on March 10, 1754, and in seven days reached\\nthe Connecticut river at Piermont, where they tarried but one night\\nand then beat a hasty retreat, reaching Rumford after an absence\\nof thirteen days. In the absence of any recorded reasons for such a\\nfailure to carry out an order of the government we are left to infer\\nthat these explorers were afraid of meeting the Indians who claimed\\nthe territory they had entered upon.\\nThe same season another exploring party was sent out on the\\nsame mission. This party consisted of Captain Peter Powers, of\\nHollis, N. H., Lieut. James Stevens, and Ensign Ephraim Hale, of\\nTownsend, Mass., with a company of soldiers. They left Rumford\\non Saturday, June 15, 1754, and proceeded with much difficulty\\nfrom bad weather and swollen streams, up what Captain Powers\\ncalled the Great Valley, or Cohoss. From the journal of Captain\\nPowers it is quite certain that his company reached Isreals river,\\nwithin the present locality of the village of Lancaster, and remained\\nbut a single day, long enough to mend their shoes, and then returned\\non account of the exhaustion of their provisions. Captain Powers\\nand two of his men marched up the Connecticut river five miles,\\nwhere they discovered evidences that the Indians had been encamped\\nwithin a day or two, making canoes. Captain Powers s party were\\nprudent, at least in avoiding any chance of meeting the Indians.\\nThey were not sent out to conquer the inhabitants of Cohoss, nor to\\ntake any formal possession of the country, but to examine it and\\nreport to the government. Powers s description of the country\\nthrough which he passed is accurate, terse, and clear. He named\\nIsreals river Powers river, in which he no doubt acted in good faith.\\nIt is not at all probable that he had any knowledge of its previous\\nname in honor of. Isreal Glines, who had his hunter s camp on it\\nmany years before, while John Glines, a brother of Isreal, had a\\ncamp on John s river. Powers gave as a reason for the river being\\ncalled John s river the fact that John Stark had lodged on its banks\\nwhile a captive of the Indians in 1752. He seems, from these con-\\nsiderations, to have known nothing of the Glineses.\\nThe Glines brothers, as also one Martin, who hunted on the\\nmeadows and pond that bear his name, came here for no other pur-\\npose than to hunt and trap. Whatever information they conveyed to\\nthe lower settlements on leaving the Cohoss country about 1752, is\\nmerely a matter of conjecture. As hunters they were not interested\\nin having the country settled. Powers s expedition, on the contrary,\\nwas sent out to gain accurate information of the country and report\\nthe same to guide the government in its designs to have the country", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION OF UPPER COOS. 3\\nsettled before the French should seize it and erect forts and hold it\\nfor France, Little or nothing resulted from the Powers exploring\\nexpedition, unless it had the effect to allay the fear of the French\\noccupation of the Cohoss country. No effort was made by the\\nauthorities of the Province to form settlements above No. 4 (now\\nCharlestown), after the Assembly refused to concur with Governor\\nWentworth in granting townships in 1752, until 1761, although\\nmany petitions were made for authority to do so. The dangers\\nand expense accompanying the formation of new settlements many\\nmiles away from the older fortified settlements, was the chief and\\nonly reason holding in check many families anxious to acquire lands\\nin the rich Cohoss Meadows. The projects of the governor and\\none Captain Symes, and Theodore Atkinson, who pressed the ques-\\ntion upon the attention of the Assembly at home, and the agent of\\nNew Hampshire, and the king abroad, involved a military occupation\\nof the country. They saw and urged the necessity of a strict mili-\\ntary government of their proposed settlements involving the erec-\\ntion of strong garrisons in the centre of the settlements. Such,\\nindeed, would have been the situation had the Assembly concurred\\nin the governor s plans, for not only was there a strong determina-\\ntion on the part of the Indians to prevent further encroachments\\nupon their hunting grounds, but the French were ready, and only\\ntoo willing, to offer the Indians all possible encouragement to resist\\nthe extension of English settlements northward. The French hacj\\nby that time made Crown Point as much of a stronghold on Lake\\nChamplain as Quebec was on the St. Lawrence river, and were jeal-\\nous of any encroachments upon the territory above No. 4.\\nThese projects only related to the Lower Coos, as it came to be\\nknown later but if such were the dangers confronting settlers at\\nthat point how much greater would they not have been in the\\nUpper Coos\\nSo great was the hostility and daring of the St. Francis Indians\\nthat they attacked No. 4, as late as the 30th of August, 1754,\\nwhich at the time was defended by a garrison under the noted\\nCaptain Phineas Stevens, and carried away into captivity eight per-\\nsons. So great seemed the dangers from these Indian attacks that\\ntowns as far south as Fort Dummer (Hinsdale), Westmoreland,\\nKeene, and Swanzey sent up petitions to the General Court, and\\neven went so far as to petition the General Court of Massachusetts\\nBay Colony for protection against the Indians.\\nThe controversy between Massachusetts and New Hampshire over\\nthe boundary question had been settled by King George II in favor\\nof New Hampshire in 1740, which naturally lessened the interest of\\nMassachusetts in the territory in dispute between the New Hamp-\\nshire settlers and the Indians. New Hampshire was not strong", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "4 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nenough at that time to invite the combined assaults of the French\\nand Indians, hence many plans for the settlement of new territory in\\nthe north had to be abandoned until a more promising time.\\nThat time came only with the close of the last French and Indian\\nWar, lasting from 1755 until 1760, when Quebec and Crown Point\\nhad been wrested from the French, and the St. Francis tribe of\\nIndians had been almost annihilated by the famed Robert Rogers\\nand his Rangers, who, returning from that memorable victory,\\npassed down the Connecticut river through the Upper Coos.\\nThis ever-memorable expedition of Rogers s Rangers did more to\\nopen the way for the exploration and settlement of the Cohoss\\ncountry than all movements combined, for it crushed the hostile\\nspirit of the Indians, and admonished the French that the English\\npurpose to have and hold the Connecticut valley was indisputable.\\nRogers had been in the Upper Coos early in the season of 1755,\\nand erected a fort near the mouth of the Upper Amonoosuck, which\\nhe named Fort Wentworth. The site of this old fort is a matter of\\nsome interest in the early traditions of the Upper Coos. In his\\nreport of the expedition he says of Coos (he spells it Cohas), it\\nis a tract of twenty miles in length and six in breadth, which, for its\\nbeauty and fertility, may be deservedly styled the Garden of New\\nEngland.\\nOn their way from St. Francis, Rogers s Rangers passed through\\nthe Upper Coos. Pressed by hunger and fatigue, some of them\\nsought to get out of the wilderness by passing through the White\\nMountain notch. Several of them passed up Isreals river toward\\nthe notch with an Indian guide, who seems to have misled them.\\nOnly one of their number, one Bradley, succeeded in making\\nthe trip, to tell the sad story of their sufferings. Others of the\\nRangers passed down the Connecticut river. Too weak to bear the\\nburdens of their guns and knapsacks, they hid them among the\\nrocks and passed on, empty-handed, to the settlements on the river\\nbelow. Many of these relics have since been found in the town of\\nLunenburg, Vt.\\nCHAPTER II.\\nTHE LOCATION AND CHARTER OF THE TOWN.\\nDavid Page of Petersham, Mass., having become dissatisfied with\\nan allotment of land to him in Haverhill, N. H., of which he was\\none of the grantees, in 1762, immediately set about making arrange-\\nments to found a settlement, in which his fancied rights should be\\nduly respected in the land allotments. In company with sixty-nine", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Ox Israels River, Lancaster.\\nStarr King Mountain.\\nPresidential Range from LeGro Hill.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE LOCATION AND CHARTER OF THE TOWN. 5\\nother persons, he procured a charter for a town in the Upper Coos\\ncountry, then known to be very rich meadow-land on the Connecti-\\ncut river.\\nPage had in his employment at the time a young man by the\\nname of Emmons Stockwell, who is supposed to have been in this\\nregion before, as one of Rogers s Rangers. Whether he was one of\\nthe party that destroyed the village of St. Francis in 1759, is not\\ncertainly known. There is a chance that he might have accom-\\npanied Major Rogers in 1755, when he built Fort Wentworth in\\nNorthumberland, near the mouth of the Upper Ammonoosuc river.\\nOn that occasion detachments from various companies were assigned\\nto Major Rogers for that purpose, and we predict that the name of\\nEmmons Stockwell will be found in some Massachusetts company,\\nas he was a resident of that state. Then, too, young Stockwell, and\\neven Edwards Bucknam, another young man of Petersham, in the\\nemployment of David Page, may have hunted in the Upper Coos\\nMeadows. At all events it was from the knowledge these young\\nmen had of the country that led Page to secure a charter for it, and\\nenter into the scheme for its settlement. Knowing how desirous\\nGovernor Wentworth was to grant charters, and lay the whole\\ncountry under the rule of the king, Page and his followers were\\nencouraged to ask for a charter of the rich meadows, which was\\nno sooner asked for than granted. In fact, many of the governor s\\nwarmest friends were among the grantees.\\nWithout any previous survey of the lands, the governor, probably\\nwith the assistance, and at least by the suggestion, of his petitioners,\\nblocked out a township of certain arbitrary dimensions, to contain a\\ndefinite number of acres, and granted it under the name of Lan-\\ncaster. This grant was supposed to cover all the broad meadows,\\nnow in Lancaster, and known as the Upper Coos Meadows, and\\nthe water power of Isreals river. How arbitrary the grants of\\ntowns were can readily be seen by a glance at the plots that were\\nalways made out on the backs of the charters, and are now repro-\\nduced in the State Papers, Vols. 24 and 25, Tow^n Charters.\\nThe north line of Lancaster was to be the same as the south line\\nof Stonington, granted to John Hogg and others, Oct. 20, 1761, In\\nconsequence of the general ignorance of the governor s petitioners\\nin respect to an unsurveyed country, it happened that the south line\\nof Stonington was some eight or nine miles lower down the river\\nthan they supposed, and included all the coveted meadows of the\\nUpper Coos. That threw Lancaster still further south ten miles,\\nupon territory, now included in the towns of Dalton, Whitefield, and\\nLittleton. As granted, and by the description in the charter, Lan-\\ncaster was to corner on the Connecticut river a short distance below\\nthe mouth of Beaver brook.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nBut for the failure of the grantees of the town of Stonington to\\ntake possession of their territory and settle upon it, David Page and\\nhis followers would have found themselves forced to move off the\\nrich meadows of the present Lancaster, and either content them-\\nselves with the less desirable territory within their grant, or to have\\nsought still another location. The desire of David Page to get as\\ngood land as there was within his supposed grant, led him to take\\npossession of the broad meadows, then near the centre of Stoning-\\nton, under the supposition that he was within his lawful limits.\\nThe charter for Lancaster was granted July 5, 1763, and David\\nPage sent his son, David Page, Jr., and Emmons Stockwell to take\\npossession of the territory that same year. Tradition says they\\ncame some time in the fall, built a log cabin on the meadows, cut\\ngrass, and stacked it to feed their cattle that were to be driven up early\\nthe following spring. One tradition says that after accomplishing\\nthis task they returned to Massachusetts, and came back with David\\nPage and several other young men the following April to find that\\nthe spring freshets had carried their hay off and flooded their cabin.\\nAnother tradition says that these two young men remained here all\\nwinter and subsisted by hunting and fishing. This latter tradition\\nis the more plausible one, and is probably true.\\nIt would seem much more likely that the mistake of locating the\\nLancaster settlement on the territory granted to the Stonington\\npeople was made by these young men coming in advance of the\\nelder Page. They knew something of the country, at least Stock-\\nwell did, and as it was supposed that under the charter they were\\ngoing to take possession of the Coos Meadows, they pitched upon\\nthe most valuable lands. That was undoubtedly their instruction\\nfrom David Page. Then, too, we must consider the fact that these\\nyoung men would not have the charter to guide them in fixing the\\nbounds of the town. It may be doubted whether David Page, Sr.,\\nhimself would have done better even with his charter to aid him in\\nfixing upon the bounds of the town.\\nThere is no reason to suppose that the grantees of Lancaster\\nintended to dispossess the grantees of Stonington of their valuable\\nterritory. The fact that the former found themselves upon the lands\\nof the latter, after a renewed effort had been made by John Hogg\\nand his followers to regain the land they lost by a failure to comply\\nwith the terms of their charter, does not convict them of stealing\\nthe lands of their more fortunate neighbors, who had received a\\nprior grant of them. That the readers may better judge how easy\\nit was to make mistakes in finding the rightful limits of the towns\\narbitrarily laid out without a previous survey of them, I will give\\nhere the descriptions of the bounds of Stonington that they may be\\ncompared with those of Lancaster in the charter which follows", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "THE LOCATION AND CHARTER OF THE TOWN. 7\\nBounds of Stonington. Beginning at A Maple Tree wliich Stands on the\\nEasterly Side of Connecticut River and is about Thirty Miles on A Straight Line\\nfrom Ammoiuisek Rivers Mouth and from thence Northerly up Connecticut River\\nas that runs about nine miles on a Strait Line to an Elm marked Standing on the\\nSoutherly Side of the mouth of a Small Brook running into Connecticut River\\ncarrying that Breadth Back between two East lines so far as that A Paralell Line\\nto the Strait Line from the Maple afore Said to the Elm afore Said will make the\\nContents of Six Miles Square and that the same be, and hereby is incorporated\\ninto a Township by the name of Stonington. [State Papers, Vol. 25, p. 394-]\\nTaking Cargill brook in Northumberland as the small brook\\nreferred to here, we would have a distance of nine miles to the point\\nI have designated as the intended northwestern corner of Lancaster.\\nLANCASTER CHARTER.\\nProvince of New-Hampshire.\\nLancaster GEORGE, the third\\nP. S. S By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King,\\n.^v^ Defender of the Faith c.\\nTo all Persons to whom these Presents shall come. Greeting,\\nKnow ye, tiiat We of our special Grace, certain knowledge, and meer Motion, for\\nthe due Encouragement of settling a New Plantation within our said Province,\\nby and with the Advice of our Trusty and Well-beloved Benning Wentworth,\\nEsqr; Our Governor and Commander in Chief of Our said Province of New\\nHampshire in New England, and of our Council of the said Province Have,\\nupon the Conditions and Reservations herein after made, given and granted, and\\nby these Presents, for us. our Heirs, and Successors, do give and grant in equal\\nShares, unto Our loving Subjects, Inhabitants of Our said Province of New-\\nHampshire, and Our other Governments, and to their Heirs and Assigns for ever,\\nwhose Names are entered on this Grant, to be divided to and amongst them into\\nSeventy Six equal Shares, all that Tract or Parcel of Land situate, lying and\\nbeing within our said Province oi New-Hampshire, containing by admeasurement\\nTwenty three Thousand Forty Acres, which Tract is to contain six Miles\\nsquare, and no more out of which an Allowance is to be made for High Ways\\nand unimprovable Lands by Rocks, Ponds, Mountains and Rivers, One Thousand\\nand Forty acres free, according to a Plan and Survey thereof, made by our said\\nGovernors s Order, and returned into the Secretary s Office, and hereunto an-\\nnexed, butted and bounded as follows, Viz. Beginning at a Stake Stones\\nstanding on bank of the Easterly side of Connecticut River, which is the South\\nWesterly Corner bounds of Stonington, thence running South fifty five Deg East\\nseven Miles by Stonington To the South Easterly corner thereof, then turning off\\nRuning South Sixty nine Deg^ West Ten Miles, then turning off again\\nRuning North twenty six Degrees West to Connecticut River thence up the River\\nas that tends to the Stake stones first above Mentioned the Bounds begun at\\nAnd that the same be, and hereby is incorporated into a Township by the Name\\nof Lancaster And the Inhabitants that do or shall hereafter inhabit the said Town-\\nship, are hereby declared to be Enfranchized with and entitled to all and every\\nthe Privileges and Immunities that Towns within Our Province by Law Exercise\\nand Enjoy And other further, that the said Town as soon as there shall be Fifty\\nFamilies resident and settled thereon, shall have the Liberty of holding Two\\nFairs, one of which shall be held on And the other on the\\nannually, which Fairs are not to confine longer than the\\nrespective following the said and that as", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nsoon as said Town shall consist of Fifty Families, a Market may be opened and\\nkept one or more Days in each Week, as may be thought most advai,tagious to\\nthe Inhabitants. Also, that the first meeting for the Choice of Town Officers,\\nagreable to the Laws of our said Province, shall be held on the first Tuesday in\\nAugust next which said Meeting shall be Notified by Uavid Page who is hereby\\nalso appointed the Moderator of the said first Meeting, which he is to Notify and\\nGovern agreable to the Laws and Customs of Our said Province and that the\\nannual Meeting for ever hereafter for the Choice of such Officers for the said\\nTown, shall be on the Second Tuesday of March annually, To Have and to\\nHold the said Tract of Land as above expressed, together with all Privileges and\\nAppurtenances, to them and their respective Heirs and Assigns forever, upon the\\nfollowing conditions, viz.\\nI. That every Grantee, his Heirs or Assigns shall plant and cultivate five Acres\\nof Land within the Term of five Years for every fifty Acres contained in his or\\ntheir Share or Proportion of Land in said Township, and continue to improve and\\nsettle the same by additional Cultivation, on Penalty of the Forfeiture ol his Grant\\nor Share in the said Township, and of its reverting to Us, our Heirs and Suc-\\ncessors, to be by Us or Them Re-granted to such of Our Subjects as shall eflec-\\ntually settle and cultivate the same.\\nII. That all white and other Pine Trees within the said Township, fit for Mast-\\ning Our Royal Navy, be carefully preserved for that Use, and none to be cut or\\nfelled without Our special License for so doing first had and obtained, upon the\\nPenalty of the Forfeiture of the Right of such Grantee, his Heirs and Assigns, to\\nUs, our Heirs and Successors, as well as being subject to the Penalty of any Act\\nor Acts of Parliament that now are, or hereafter shall be Enacted.\\nIII. That before any Division of the Lands be made to and among the\\nGrantees, a Tract of Land as near the Centre of said Township as the Land will\\nadmit of, shall be reserved and marked out for Town Lots, one of each shall be\\nallotted to each Grantee of the Contents of one Acre.\\nIV. Yielding and paying therefor to Us, our Heirs and Successors for the\\nSpace of ten Years, to be computed from the Date hereof, the Rent of one Ear of\\nIndian Corn only, on the twenty-fifth Day of December annually, if lawfully\\ndemanded, the first Payment to be made on the twenty-fifth Day of December,\\n1763.\\nV. Every Proprietor, Settler or Inhabitant, shall yield and pay unto Us, our\\nHeir and Successors yearly, and every year forever, from and after the Expiration\\nof ten years from the abovesaid twenty-fifth Day of December, namely, on the\\ntwenty-fifth day of December, which will be in the Year of Our Lord 1773 One\\nShilling Proclamation Money for every Hundred Acres he so owns, settles or pos-\\nsesses, and so in Proportion for a greater or lesser Tract of the said Land which\\nMoney shall be paid by the respective Persons abovesaid, their Heirs or Assigns,\\nin our Council Chamber in Portsmouth, or to such Officer or Officers as sliall be\\nappointed to receive the same and tliis is to be in Lieu of all other Rents and\\nServices whatsoever.\\nIn Testimony whereof we have caused the Seal of our said Province to be here-\\nunto affixed. Witness Benning Wentworth, Esq; Our Governor and Com-\\nmander in Chief of Our Province, the Fifth Day of July in the Year of our Lord\\nChrist, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Sixty three and in the Third Year of\\nOur Reign.\\nB. Wentworth\\nBy His Excellency s Command,\\nWith Advice of Council, T. Atkinson Jun*- SeC?\\nProvince of New Hamp July 6 1763\\nRecorded according to the original under the Provincial Seal\\nm T. Atkinson Jun Sec", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Plan of Town on Back of Charter, with Na.mes of Grantees.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "THE LOCATION AND CHARTER OF THE TOWN.\\nThe Names of the Grantees Lancaster,\\nDavid Page\\nDavid Page Jun\\nAbraham Byaur\\nReuben Stone\\nJohn Grout\\nJohn Grout Jun\\nJonathan Grout\\nSolomon Willson\\nJoseph Stoweli\\nJoseph Page\\nWilliam Dagget\\nIsaac Ball\\nSolomon Fay\\nJotham Death\\nJohn Sanders\\nElisha Crossby\\nLuke Lincoln\\nDavid Lawson\\nSilas Rice\\nThos Carter\\nEphraim Sterns\\nJames Read\\nTimothy Whitney\\nThomas Rice\\nJohn Sawyer\\nJohn Wait\\nSamuel Marble\\nJoseph Marble\\nJonathan Houghton\\nJohn Rogers\\nAbner Holden\\nStanton Printice\\nBenj Willson\\nStephen Emes\\nJohn Phelps\\nWilliam Page\\nNathaniel Page\\nJohn Warden\\nSilas Bennit\\nThomas Shattock\\nEphraim Shattock\\nSilas Shattock\\nIsreal Hale\\nIsreal Hale Jun\\nDaniel Hale\\nWilliam Read\\nBenj Baxter\\nMath Thornton Esq\\nAnd Wiggins Esq\\nMesech Weare Esq\\nMaj John Tolford\\nBenj\u00c2\u00bb Man\\nDaniel Miles\\nThomas Rogers\\nJohn Duncan\\nNathaniel Smith\\nCharles How\\nDaniel Searles\\nIsaac Wood\\nNathaniel Richardson\\nEbenezer Blunt\\nJohn Herriman\\nEphraim Noyce\\nBenjamin Sawyer\\nHon Jos* Newmarch\\nNath* Barrel\\nDaniel Warner\\nJames Nevin J\\nRev Mr. Joshua Wing Weeks\\nBenj Stevens\\nEsq\\nHis Excellency Benning Wentworth Esq a Tract of Land to Contain Five\\nHundred Acres as Marked B W\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in the Plan which is to be Accounted two of\\nthe within shares. One whole share for the Incorporated Society for the Propaga-\\ntion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, One Share for a Glebe for the Church of\\nEngland as by Law Established, One Share for the first settled Minister of the\\nGospel one Share for the benefit of a school in said Town\\nProvince of New Hamp July 6* 1763\\nRecorded from the Back of the original Charter of Lancester under the\\nProvincial Seal\\nf) T. Atkinson Jun Sec", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "lO\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nPro of New Hampr July 6 1763\\nRecorded from the Back of the original Charter of Lancaster under the Pro\\nSeal\\nT. Atkinson Jun Sec^y\\n[Additions to the town were made at subsequent times. Barker s Location was added\\nto it June 22, 1819. A portion of Stark was annexed December 4, 1840, and a portion\\nof Kilkenny December 15, 1842. State Papers, 21;, (Vol. IL) 187.]\\nIt was a piece of unheard-of boldness on the part of Gov^ernor\\nWentworth, and his council, to parcel out a large, unsurveyed terri-\\ntory among so many townships, by simply starting at a certain kind\\nof tree maple or elm or a stake and a pile of stones, or a bend in\\nthe river.\\nThe country, with its maple and elm trees, bends in the river, and\\nstakes and stone-piles, was as unfamiliar to Governor Page and\\nhis followers as it was to Governor Wentworth and council who un-\\ndertook the foolish task of parcelling it out on almost imaginary\\nlines.* The arbitrariness of the procedure was at the root of many,\\n*In 1760, Governor Wentworth commissioned Joseph Blanchard, of Dunstable,\\nN. H., to make a survey of the Connecticut River, in which he was to mark trees, or\\nplant stakes on both sides of the stream every six miles to serve as corners of town-", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER. 1 1\\nif not all, the conflicts between the towns with respect to their\\nboundaries. Aside from the matter of the boundary of the town-\\nship the terms of the charter were very liberal and reasonable. The\\nproprietors were not hampered in any respect save the restriction in\\nregard to making use of, or destroying, such timbers as were suitable\\nfor masts in his royal highness s navy. Even that restriction was not\\na grievious one, for there was more good timber beside such as the\\nking reserved than they knew what to do with. If traditions and\\nestimates are to be relied upon at all, the first settlers rolled millions\\nof feet of good pine timber into the rivers to get rid of it with the\\nleast trouble possible. The lands were all heavily timbered, and\\nuntil within the memory of men still living the choicest of pine was\\nto be found in Lancaster. His majesty never got any ship masts\\nor other ship timbers from Lancaster, for within a dozen years of\\nthe settlement of the town his subjects rebelled against his rule and\\nannulled his rights and took things into their own hands and none\\nof his subjects exceeded his Lancaster settlement in doing things\\ntheir own way. In fact from the very inception of the town, though\\npreserving the form of obedience to the royal government, they\\nwere among the most democratic people on this continent. Many\\nof them hailed from Connecticut and Western Massachusetts, towns\\nwhere the spirit of true democracy was seen, and manifested, at its\\nbest. They were a sturdy, thrifty, and law-abiding people who settled\\nthis town. While they loved liberty above everything else they yet\\nhad a due regard for law and good order. They were neither ad-\\nventurers nor speculators who came here and erected log cabins and\\nlived contentedly in them. They were home-seekers and home-\\nbuilders, and in building homes they helped to lay the foundation of\\nthat greater structure of which we are so proud the nation.\\nCHAPTER III.\\nLANCASTER.\\nThe town of Lancaster is situated in Coos county, in the northern\\npart of New Hampshire. It lies along the Connecticut river a dis-\\ntance of more than ten miles, running back on its northeasterly line\\nships to be surveyed from them. This task was performed on the ice in the month o\u00c2\u00a3\\nMarch, from No. 4, (now Charlestown) to the north-east corner of Newbury, Vt.\\nDuring the next year, and in the same manner, Hughbastis Neel began where Blanchard\\nleft off and continued the survey as far as the north end of the Upper Coos, which\\nprobably was at a point near where Maidstone, in Vermont, and Northumberland in\\nNew Hampshire, meet. It was the custom of Governor Wentworth to take these\\nmarked trees or stakes as starting-point and block out his projected townships, two\\ntiers deep on both sides of the river. Such a method was as full of difficulties as the\\nriver was full of bends, and made the settlers no small amount of trouble in the division\\nof their town lands.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "12 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nseven miles, and on its southeasterly line ten miles, and its southerly\\nline is two and a half miles. As originally designed it was to con-\\ntain six square miles. It is bounded on the north by Northumber-\\nland, and Kilkenny, east by Kilkenny, south by the towns of Jeffer-\\nson, Whitefield, and Dalton, and on the west by the Connecticut\\nriver, the west bank of the river being the boundary.\\nThe town consists in the main part of fine meadows lying on the\\nConnecticut river and Isreals river, and what the early settlers\\ncalled upland. Beginning with the first river terrace the up-\\nlands slope gradually up to the foot of the hills, which rise rap-\\nidly into quite high hills, or mounts, the highest of which is\\nMount Prospect on the southerly line of the town. This mount\\nreaches an altitude of 2,090 feet and affords a very fine view of the\\nsurrounding country for many miles. It is easy of ascent, as a good\\nroad was some years ago built up its northerly slope to a hotel\\nerected on its summit. Mount Pleasant just south of the village\\nand Mount Orne the three being known as the Martin Meadow\\nHills are the highest hills in the town but these are not very\\nhigh, nor are they so steep but good farms have been cleared almost\\nto their summits.\\nThe Connecticut river has a fall of less than two feet in more than\\nten miles of a course along the western bounds of the town. The\\nmain elevation of the town is about 900 feet above sea-level. South\\nLancaster has an elevation of 867 feet and Lancaster village (Main\\nstreet) 870 feet. Isreals river has quite a rapid descent for about\\ntwo miles before entering the Connecticut river, affording three good\\nwater-powers within the limits of the village. The Isreals river\\nvalley (East Lancaster) comprises a river-basin on the level of the\\nsecond terrace of the Connecticut of about thirty-six feet.\\nIn the south part of the town is Martin Meadow pond, covering\\nan area of about one hundred and fifty acres. Near by it, to the\\neastward, is another pond known as Blood pond. Beside Baker\\npond and Spot pond, two small ponds within the village limits,\\nthese are the only ponds in the town. There are no swamps of any\\nconsiderable extent in the town. What few there are are so situated\\nas to be easily drained, and converted into fertile meadows.\\nFrom a scenic point of view Lancaster is one of the most beauti-\\nful sections of New Hampshire. It is completely encircled by\\nmountains, and its surface sufficiently varied to present to the eye\\none of the most pleasing landscapes. The outlines of the landscape\\nare bold, yet even in their curves. The shadings of mountains,\\nhills, and forests are varied in degree. From any eminence one\\nlooks down upon fine farms, neat buildings, with the village nesthng\\nat the foot of Bunker Hill and Mount Pleasant.\\nThe earliest settlers were not slow to recognize the beauty of the", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER. I 3\\nscenery, and generally their houses were located so that the outlook\\nwas the best afforded upon their lands. Many of them sought to\\nenhance the beauty of the scenery by planting trees about their\\npremises, and along the village streets and highways. Many of the\\ngiant elms that line our streets and along the highways were planted\\na century and over ago.\\nThe geological formation of the town (described in Part II) gives\\nit a pleasing surface. In contrast with its rocky hillsides lay the\\nbeautiful diluvial meadows, possessing a wonderful degree of fer-\\ntility. The uplands are fertile also, and capable of profitable\\ncultivation with the exception of certain slopes where the glaciers\\ndeposited vast quantities of the coarsest rubble. These hillsides,\\nhowever rough, afford good pastures, and are generally utilized as\\nsuch. The rocks are of such formations that their gradual disinte-\\ngration adds elements of fertility to the soil.\\nThe agricultural and grazing importance of the town is not\\nexcelled by that of any other town in the northern portion of the\\nstate. The entire intervale of the Connecticut river above the Fif-\\nteen-mile Falls was once the bed of a lake through which the river\\nran, as it now does through the Connecticut lake. The basin-like\\narrangement of the surface, surrounded by the high rim of moun-\\ntains, affords shelter from the strong and prevailing winds in 4D0th\\nsummer and winter. While the winter temperature goes very low,\\nsometimes reaching from thirty-six to forty degrees below zero,\\nthere is very little wind accompanying the fall of temperature. The\\nair is dry and calm during these cold turns. The summer tempera-\\nture often exceeds ninety degrees. It occasionally reaches ninety-\\nsix or ninety-eight. The average temperature is one very favorable\\nto vegetative growth, consequently good crops are raised in fields\\nand gardens, and a rank growth of wild plants and forest trees occurs\\nevery year.\\nAs in other places in this latitude, frost is sometimes seen nearly\\nevery month of the season and not infrequently the late severe\\nfrosts of the spring retard planting if they do not injure crops, yet\\nthe growth is so rapid that late planting does not necessarily indi-\\ncate danger of injury from the frosts of the fall. In the early years\\nof the settlement of the town, frosts sometimes destroyed whole\\ncrops. Now, and for many years past, the like of it is unknown,\\nand well-matured crops are the rule.\\nThe fertility of the soil was so great at the time of the settlement\\nof the town that it was thought manure was uncalled for, and it was\\nthrown into the river as offering the easiest means of getting rid of\\nit; but continuous cropping for many years convinced the people\\nof their errors, and now not only barnyard manures, but the com-\\nmercial fertilizers, are extensively used, and to the best advantage.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "14 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThis section had long been a favorite hunting-ground of the\\nIndians when first discovered by the white hunters, who penetrated\\nfar beyond the settlements early in the eighteenth century. There\\nis no evidence to show that any permanent settlements of Indians,\\nor clearings by them, ever existed. The long winters and short\\nsummers did not invite the shiftless Indian to a point so far from\\nthe more congenial localities with which he was acquainted, except\\non hunting excursions. It is doubtful if any of them ever tried to\\nspend the winters here. There is abundant evidence that they were\\nin the habit of passing through the Connecticut river valley spring\\nand fall to hunt and fish. They no doubt had temporary camps\\nat various points along what they called Quinne-attuck-auke,\\nor Long-deer-place (the Connecticut river).\\nThere was a trail from the headwaters of the St. Francis river in\\nCanada to the headwaters of the Connecticut river, and down the\\nlatter to Isreals river (called by them Siwoog-a-nock), where a\\nbranch trail passed through the White Mountain Notch to Pickwa-\\nqet (Conway Pigwaket) on the Saco river. The main trail down\\nthe Connecticut was intersected by a branch of the White Mountain\\nNotch trail, near the mouth of the Ammonoosuc river, and thence\\nthe main trail continued down the Connecticut through Lower\\nCoos, to the various settlements along that river.\\nThey left but few relics behind them. Once in a while the plow\\nof the white man has turned up an arrow-point or a rude stone\\nhatchet. These were lost in hunting. There were never found any\\nruins of villages, or burial grounds, in the limits of the town. In\\nthe spring of 1894 a freshet washed out a cache of arrow-points on\\nthe meadows, on the Vermont side of the river, just above the\\nUnion, or South Lancaster, bridge. These had no doubt been\\nhidden for use on some subsequent trip to the place by an Indian\\nhunter who failed either to find them, or to return on a proposed\\nhunting-trip. At that point it is said they were accustomed to\\nremain for a time to make, or mend, boats on their hunting-trips\\nalong the river. The only relic of importance that has ever been\\nfound in Lancaster was a very curiously carved dish turned up by a\\nplow in working the road just east of Prospect Farm, owned by\\nGeorge P. Rowell of New York.\\nThis interesting dish was badly broken by the plow that turned it\\nup, and no effort was made to save the fragments. From the de-\\nscription of it there can be little doubt that it was the product of\\nmore skilful hands than those of the tribes known to have laid claim\\nto the lands of Upper Coos.\\nAll the Indians known to have frequented this section of country\\nwere Algonquins. They were known by various tribal names, but\\nwere of the same stock. Northern New Hampshire was held by", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER. 1 5\\nAbenaquis and Taratines, residing for the most part on the Penob-\\nscot, Saco, and Piscataqua rivers. Those on the Penobscot river\\nwere known by that name, while those on the Saco were called\\nPickwaqets. Those residing on the Androscoggin (Aneriscogin)\\nriver were known by the euphonious name of Arosagontacooks (St.\\nFrancis tribe). These were local names applied to them by the\\nsettlers who had imperfect knowledge of them.\\nThe Connecticut river valley and Vermont was claimed by both\\nthe Abenaquis and Iroquois, as their rightful hunting-ground. The\\nAbenaquis and Mohawks (Iroquois) were bitter enemies of each\\nother, and were in constant hostilities. That may, in a measure,\\naccount for the very slender hold the Abenaquis had upon this sec-\\ntion of the country, and failed to develop permanent settlements in it.\\nBoth nations hunted in the disputed territory, and neither held it\\nby occupation or abode. After many contests with the colonists in\\nMassachusetts and the southern part of New Hampshire the various\\ntribes of the Abenaquis nation being either destroyed, or rendered\\npeaceful in the main, their incorrigibles and outcasts found a refuge\\nwith the St. Francis tribe in Canada, from whence they continued\\ntheir attacks upon the frontier settlements. During that period this\\nmedley St. Francis tribe made the Coos country their highway from\\ntheir stronghold at the mouth of the St. Francis river to the settle-\\nments of English in New Hampshire. This lasted for a period of\\nmore than fifty years, and was encouraged by the French occupants\\nof Canada who were glad to beat back the tide of English settle-\\nments by means of exciting the Indians to depredations of the most\\ndiabolical sort. Their threats, and their known evil character, pre-\\nvented the settlement of the country long known in the older settle-\\nments by the names of Cohoss and Moose Meadow.\\nAmong the St. Francis tribe thus feared were outlaws from King\\nPhillip s bands, the tribes once led by Paugus, Massaudowit, Kan-\\ncauragus, and Wahawa. The vicious character of these outlaws was\\nwell known, and led old pioneers to look upon them as the sum of\\nall evil aggravated by French intermeddling. They delayed the set-\\ntlement of Coos county by half a century, and would not then have\\nyielded to the English occupancy of the country but for the chastise-\\nment they received at the hands of Major Rogers s Rangers.\\nAfter the French and Indian War had been in progress for some\\ntime, and Crown Point had fallen into the hands of the English and\\nwas strongly fortified, General Amherst determined upon proper\\npunishment of the Indians. Among other very important steps\\ntaken by him for the future safety of the settlements on the frontier\\nwas the sending of Major Rogers, in command of a small force of\\nhis famous Rangers, to destroy the village of St. Francis and punish\\nthe Indians.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "i6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nHe marched against the place and on the morning of October\\n6th, 1759, led an assault upon the village in which every Indian\\nexcept a few women and children was slain. The Rangers found\\nmore than six hundred scalps that had been taken in their assaults\\nupon the frontier settlements, or lonely hunters who had ventured\\ninto the forests in pursuit of game and furs. From that time on, the\\nSt. Francis tribe of outlaws never recovered the loss they sustained\\nat the hands of Rogers s Rangers. From that time the Coos country\\nbecame a safe place for hunting, and soon was open to settlement, as\\nwe shall see.\\nIt does not appear that there was ever any conflict between the\\nwhites and the Indians in the limits of Lancaster. It never became\\nnecessary to erect a garrison, or fortify the houses against the\\nIndians. Not even during the Revolutionary War did the Indians\\ncommit any depredations upon the settlers in Lancaster, while in other\\nplaces they were a source of much danger and annoyance. There\\nwere frequent alarms spread through this and other settlements, and\\non several occasions the little bands of brave, men and women were\\nbrought to the resolution to quit the country when some one of more\\ncourage than the rest would shame, or persuade, them into remain-\\ning. The most important reminders of the Indian occupants, or\\nrather claimants, of this territory, are the names they gave to the\\ncountry, its streams and mountains, animals and plants; and yet\\nthese have been almost supplanted by names given by the white\\nsettlers. The Anglo-Saxon has but little regard for aboriginal\\nnames. His apt imagination and self-assurance lead him to invent\\nand apply names to localities with an aptitude never quite equalled\\nby the American Indians. His new names supplant the aboriginal\\nones so readily as to cause them to be almost forgotten in a single\\ndecade. Such was the case in Lancaster. When the whites did\\nattempt to preserve and use the Indian names they corrupted their\\nspelling and pronunciation so as to completely change them. The\\nIndians gave the name of Coo-ash-auke, to the meadows at\\nHaverhill and Lancaster. As their names always had some definite\\nmeaning there has been a difference of interpretation of this name.\\nA very early interpretation of Coo-ash-auke, and one very gener-\\nally accepted by the earlier writers, is the-crooked-place. This\\nmeaning had the very plausible facts of the great bends or ox-\\nbows and cat-bows as they were called, to sustain it.\\nTo that class of interpreters the terms of Lower and Upper\\nCoos, soon came to mean the lower and upper bends in the river.\\nThe similarity of the bends in the river and the fact that they were\\nearly known as Lower, and Upper Coos, was taken to mean\\nlower and upper bends, or crooked-places to follow the Indian\\nidiom. A later interpretation of Coo-ash-auke gives it the", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Original Town Pocketbook.", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3363", "width": "1986", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER. 1 7\\nequally possible meaning of Pine-tree-place, or place of pines.\\nThat these intervales were covered with giant pines to the river s\\nedge admits of no doubt. It has been asked, Were there not\\npines all along the rivers?\\nThere were, and the evidences of it remain to this day. I do not\\nattempt to settle this mooted question. The reader must do that\\nfor himself until we have a final authority to which we can appeal,\\nif such is possible.\\nThis name has been greatly corrupted in the spelling. What\\nseems to have been the first corruption of Coo-ash-auke was\\nCowasse. Later this was shortened into Cowass; then the\\nspelling was changed to Kohass still later we meet with\\nCohas, Coas, Cohos, Cohoss, Cooss, Coo-ash, and\\nfinally shortened down to Coos, which we cannot help regarding\\nas a mistake. Either Cohos or Co-ash would have been a\\nmore euphonious sound than our present Coos.\\nThe name given to the Connecticut river was Quinne-attuck-\\nauke the long-deer-place from which our form of spelling was\\neasily derived. Our Isreals river they called Siwoog-a-nock, the\\nmeaning of which seems to have been lost at a very early date.\\nThe present name is in honor of one Isreal Glines, as before stated,\\nwho hunted and trapped on the stream at a very early period. He\\nhad his camp on the stream for some time while his brother John\\nhad a camp on the present John s river running through Whitefield\\nand Dalton. As near as can now be ascertained at this time they\\nwere here some time between 1740 and 1752. When John Stark\\nwas captured by the St. Francis Indians on Baker s river in 1752,\\nand carried to Canada along the Connecticut river trail, he relates\\nthat they camped on Johns river and hunted beaver, indicating that\\nthe name had attached to the stream long enough to have become\\nknown to him before the time of his capture.\\nThe Indian name of the Ammonoosuc river was Namoas-auke,\\nFish-place. The change to our present form of spelling was a\\nsimple one.\\nThe spruce they called hackmatack, larch was tamarack,\\nand mountain ash, moose-missic. These names were retained\\nby the whites for a time until they became familiar with the com-\\nmon names of the trees, when their Indian names were dropped.\\nThe same was no doubt true of many other names of things.\\n3", "height": "3405", "width": "2080", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "1 8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nTHE SETTLEMENT OF LANCASTER.\\nLancaster was settled by a company of people from Massachu-\\nsetts in the year 1763, instead of the petitioners of the governor and\\nAssembly from the older settlements in the southern part of the\\nprovince of New Hampshire. For more than a decade Governor\\nWentworth and the Assembly had been urged by New Hampshire\\nmen to open up the Cohoss Country to settlement. The gov-\\nernor was, indeed, willing to grant their requests, but the Assembly\\nwould not agree with him in his policy of granting new townships\\nso far beyond the frontier settlements.\\nAs early as 1748, Governor Wentworth, in the spirit of avarice,\\nwhich was one of his chief characteristics, began his policy of grant-\\ning charters for new towns on both sides of the Connecticut river.\\nHis grants of charters were so numerous that soon there were not\\nenough actual setUers to occupy the new townships, which led to\\nspeculation in the lands of the towns by absentee holders of rights\\nin many of them. Such was the case in Lancaster, as we shall see\\nlater and it was a source of no small trouble to many of the actual\\nsettlers whose burdens were often gready enhanced by the failure of\\nnon-resident landholders to develop their lands, and bear an\\nequitable share of the burdens of taxation, as we shall see in the\\ncourse of this narrative.\\nThe active ones among the original proprietors and settlers of\\nLancaster were Massachusetts men. Some were interested in the\\nscheme of settlement in the hope of gaining lands upon which to\\nbuild homes for themselves and their children, while others were\\nmerely speculative holders of lands from which they hoped to reap\\na rich gain as the community should become prosperous. The\\nland was a gift, costing nothing in the first disposal of it, and the\\nconditions upon which it was to be held were so easily complied\\nwith that it invited speculation.\\nThe leading spirit among the first settlers was David Page of\\nPetersham, Massachusetts. He was, in 1761, a grantee of Haver-\\nhill, where he was assigned several lots, none of which suited him.\\nHe abandoned his rights in that town and returned to his former\\nhome in Massachusetts to brood over his fancied wrongs in the\\nallotment of the fertile lands of Cohoss Meadows, as the place\\nwas then called. Page was a real pioneer, and had come to enter-\\ntain hopes of identifying himself with some prosperous new town.\\nPerhaps he was not without an ambition to promote and maintain\\nhis importance to such new community, for we find that for some\\nreason he became known as Governor Page, an epithet that must", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE SETTLEMENT OF LANCASTER. 1 9\\nhave been bestowed upon him because a natural leader among the\\nproprietors and settlers.\\nThere was residing in Petersham a young man by the name of\\nEmmons Stockwell, who was, in some way, connected with Rogers s\\nRangers in that famous raid upon the village of St. Francis, which\\ncrushed the power of the French and Indians in the northern\\nsection, and made it safe to undertake the planting of new settle-\\nments so far from the garrisoned ones farther south.\\nIt is probable that young Stockwell was in the company that had\\nbeen sent from Crown Point to convey provisions to the mouth of\\nthe upper Ammonoosuc river for the relief of Rogers s men on their\\nreturn from St. Francis. In that event he would have marched up\\nto Fort Wentworth and returned along the Connecticut river, afford-\\ning him a good chance to see the advantages offered in the Upper\\nCohoss.\\nAt all events, the knowledge young Stockwell had of this section\\nof country, so rich in fine meadow and uplands, fine streams and\\nabundant timber, served to make him a valuable assistant to David\\nPage in founding the town of Lancaster. Procuring a charter from\\nGovernor Wentworth, in company with sixty-nine others, the next\\nyear after abandoning his claims in Haverhill, David Page sent his\\nson, David Page, Jr., and Emmons Stockwell, who acted in the\\ncapacity of guide, to the Upper Coos, in the latter part of the\\nsummer of 1763. It was the intention of David Page that these two\\nyoung men should select good lots of land, and erect some sort of\\nshelter against his coming, early the following spring. These two\\nyoung men blazed a track from Haverhill to Lancaster, as they\\nproceeded through the dense forests, for the guidance of those who\\nshould follow them the next spring.\\nThey pitched on the table-lands on the rear of the Holton home-\\nstead, where the cellar-hole of their house is still to be seen.\\nThey built here, of logs, the first house occupied by white men in\\ntown. This house remained for many years, and was pulled down\\nby Mr. Holton, within the memory of many persons now living. He\\nalso dug up a large tree near it, that was its shade, and beneath\\nwhich the first weary settlers rested, and the first children born in\\ntown used to play.\\nThey subsisted by hunting and fishing through their first winter,\\nwhich must have been a lonely and long one for them, separated by\\nfifty miles from the nearest settlement at Haverhill. They were no\\ndoubt cheered by the hope that their friends would join them in the\\nspring; and in this they were not disappointed, for on the 19th of\\nApril, 1764, David Page, in company with Edwards Bucknam,\\nTimothy Nash, and George Wheeler, landed here, bringing with\\nthem twenty head of catde, and other things essential to the hard", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "20 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntask of winning a livelihood from an untamed region. David Page\\nis the only one of the first settlers who brought a family, or portions\\nof their families, here that year. His daughter, Ruth, came with\\nhim from Petersham, Mass., in August, arriving here on the 26th of\\nthat month, to enjoy the distinction of being the first white woman\\nto set foot upon the soil of her father s new township. The wife of\\nDavid Page came here at some subsequent time, of which we have\\nno exact knowledge. It has been often said that she did not reside\\nin Lancaster, but that is evidently not true, as there are in existence\\nletters of the year 1782, that refer to her departure from Lancaster,\\nher passage down the Connecticut river in a canoe, and her resi-\\ndence and death at Winchester. (Whether Winchester, N. H., or\\nWinchester in Massachusetts, is not certain, though the former is\\nprobably the one meant.)*\\nRuth Page was only about eighteen years of age when she started\\nwith her father for Lancaster, over three hundred miles away, and\\nsome fifty miles beyond the nearest settlement. The fact that\\nwithin a year of her arrival in Lancaster she became the wife of\\nyoung Stockwell, lends color to the supposition that she must have\\nknown and entertained a warm affection for him. At all events, she\\nwould hear no arguments against her undertaking so long a journey,\\nand leaving behind her all the benefits of civilized life, for life in a\\ncabin in the wilderness. Be that as it may, her presence and in-\\nfluence did much for the settlement. She and Edwards Bucknam,\\nwho came with her father in the spring, did more to give shape and\\ncharacter to the settlement than any, or all others, of the first settlers.\\nShe was the embodiment of all female qualities essential to pioneer\\nlife and she left her characteristics and personality stamped, not\\nonly upon her own descendants, who were numerous, but upon the\\nentire settlement. She was a Avoman of action, full of courage and\\nhope. With a determination that knew no such word ^.\u00e2\u0080\u00a2~,fail, she\\nfilled the hours and days so full of toil and song, that there was no\\ntime to be lonesome. Her example had a wonderful influence upon\\nthe other members of the settlement.\\nWhile Ruth Page was a source of inspiration and cheerfulness to\\nthe settlement, Edwards Bucknam was, in his sphere, the most uni-\\nversal genius of the settlement. There was little, if indeed anything,\\nthat needed doing in a new settlement that Bucknam could not, and\\ndid not, do. No other man, at any time in the history of the town,\\nhas exerted so powerful an influence as he did. He adapted him-\\nself to his situation in a masterly manner, helping, in many ways,\\nthe prosperity of the new settlement. He kept the first stock of\\nIn Hammond s Town Papers, Vol. XII, pp. 351-361, is found a petition from\\nDavid Page to Governor Wentwortli, for more land, in which he alleges that he brought\\nhis own family to Lancaster. His will is dated at Lancaster, in the county of Grafton,\\nstate of New Hampshire, November 13, 1778, in which he refers to himself of Lan-\\ncaster.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "THE SETTLEMENT OF LANCASTER. 2 1\\ngoods for barter among the settlers surveyed their lands acted as\\nclerk to the proprietors, and later for the town was the first justice\\nof the peace acted as scout in times when the Indians threatened\\nthe peace of the settlement built the first roads that allowed the\\npassage of loaded teams from Haverhill to Lancaster was a safe\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2and constant advisor of his neighbors on all manner of subjects, and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0at all times. He was often unmindful of opportunities for self-\\nadvancement and gain when he could serve his neighbors. He was\\nalways trusted by his neighbors as one of the most reliable of men,\\nnor was their confidence ever imposed upon. His public actions\\nand neighborly relations were always above criticism. Of his early\\nlife little is known beyond the fact that he was born in Athol, Mass.,\\nJune 21, 1 741, of English parentage; and that he married Susannah\\nPage, a daughter of David Page. Until the time of his death, March\\n20th, 181 3, at the age of 72, his life bore relations to about every-\\nthing in the history of Lancaster, as we shall see in the progress of\\nour narrative. Until Parson Willard arrived, he performed all the\\nmarriage ceremonies of the town and region.\\nNot so much can be said of David Page, although the real pro-\\njector and founder of the settlement. While he possessed, in a\\nlarge measure, the spirit of the pioneer, he was not destined to be\\nthe masterly personality that should stamp itself upon the settle-\\nment. His time was, more or less, divided between interests here\\nand in Petersham, Mass., where he owned a farm, which he, how-\\never, sold to Charles Ward Apthorpe of Bloomingdale Island, N. Y.,\\na speculator, to whom he also sold ten full rights of land in Lan-\\ncaster in 1766. Page was badly involved in debt most of the time,\\nand often drawn into litigation. His business transactions seem to\\nhave not always been either wise or fair. Be that as it may, he\\nnever seemed to have become the controlling spirit he desired to be\\nin the settlement. His five children, however, as well as his brother\\nand a nephew, held honest places in the town, and were among the\\nmost trustworthy of its citizens. David Page was the owner of\\nmuch land in Lancaster, and Lunenburg, Vt., in the chartering of\\nwhich latter town he was also concerned. He is credited with hav-\\ning built the first frame house in Lancaster. Certain!} he was an\\nenterprising man, full of business ventures, and not without the\\nrefinements and social graces of his time. His services to Lancaster\\nwere valuable, even if his personality was not accepted as the con-\\ntrolling spirit among the settlers. He was a selectman from 1769\\nuntil 1776. He was designated and given power in the charter to\\ncall the first meeting and preside as moderator. The proprietors\\nrecords having been lost in the burning of Edwards Bucknam s\\nhouse, we have no knowledge of what relation he sustained to the\\nsettlement previous to 1769.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "22 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nTimothy Nash and George Wheeler seem to have never come\\ninto any prominence in the settlement. The former did, however,\\ndiscover the old Indian pass through the White Mountains, now\\nknown as the White Mountain Notch, in the year 1771, while on\\na hunting trip. Having tracked a moose up one of the rivulets he\\nwas led near the highest point of land, and eagerly climbed a tree\\nfor a longer view of the rocky defile. Satisfied that he had dis-\\ncovered the pass affording the shortest route to Portland he confided\\nhis discovery to a hunter by the name of Sawyer. These two soon\\nappeared before Governor Wentworth and made known to him the\\ndiscovery and in his spirit of liberality the governor rewarded\\nthem by the grant of a tract of land since known as Nash and\\nSawyer s Location. In this manner, Timothy Nash has left a\\nmemorial of himself for all time. Wheeler appears only a few^ times\\non the records of the town, or its landholders, and then as a\\ncommon laborer, or renter of the lands of others. He held a lease\\non a certain portion of the famous Cat-Bow tract in the southern\\npart of the town in consideration of having cleared the land, after\\nwhich he disappears from the notice of both public and private\\nrecords so far as we can learn.\\nSuch were the first little band of settlers who broke the primeval\\nforest, and tamed the soil, and were the nucleus of a town peculiar\\nin its situation and history for more than a century.\\nIn addition to what young Page and Emmons Stockwell did\\nthrough the winter of 1763 in clearing land, the settlers were able to\\nplant a crop of twelve acres of corn the first season on the meadows.\\nTheir corn did well, and promised an abundant crop until on the\\nnight of August 26th, when a frost killed it. They report that\\nthis first crop raised in town stood twelve feet high, was eared out,\\nand in the milk on that date. This was to them the greatest dis-\\ncouragement that ever befell the little company. There seemed\\nnothing left for them to do but to abandon the place. Their entire\\ndependence for bread was swept away in a single night; and the\\nseason was too far spent to hope to retrieve their losses by planting\\nany other crops that year.\\nIt happened that on the day preceding this destructive frost,\\nDavid Page had returned from Petersham accompanied by his\\nresolute daughter, Ruth, then a girl of about eighteen years of age.\\nShe proved to be of inestimable value to the disheartened settlers.\\nAfter all hands had agreed to abandon the place she refused to\\naccede to their judgment, and begged them to remain and try again\\nto make good their determination to establish a community of their\\nown. Half persuaded, half ashamed of their timidity in the presence\\nof that brave girl who had given up so much to share their lot with\\nthem, they reluctantly agreed to risk their all and remain another year.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "THE SETTLEMENT OF LANCASTER. 23\\nBut for the earnest pleadings of that girl against the judgment and\\nfears of the six men comprising the settlement, the history of the\\nUpper Coos would have been a different story than the narrative\\nwe shall trace through more than a century and a quarter.\\nKnowing that great hardships were in waiting for them through a\\nlong winter, they gave themselves resolutely to the task of wresting\\na living from the forests. They managed, however, to subsist on\\ngame together with such roots and berries as they found palatable.\\nOne can scarcely imagine a company of people going into one of\\nour long winters, more than fifty miles from the nearest settlement,\\nwithout the semblance of food in their cabins, and forced to rely upon\\nthe flesh of wild animals from day to day for subsistence. Young\\nPage and Stockwell had, however, demonstrated the possibility of\\nsuch a thing by subsisting for nearly a year in that manner. They\\nwere re-enforced by Edwards Bucknam, who, if he was not then,\\nafterwards became, one of the most expert moose-hunters in this\\nregion. Nash, too, must have been something of a hunter and\\nadventurer, for we find him chasing moose in the White Mountain\\nNotch in 1771.\\nFortunately for the settlers that winter this region abounded in\\nmoose, and other game and fur-bearing animals. Then the streams\\nabounded in fish of the best quality, easily taken in the spring. The\\nConnecticut river then teemed with salmon every spring, and the\\nsettlers soon came to look to it as a source of supply in meat. The\\nfine flavor of the salmon must have afforded them a pleasant\\nchange from moose and bear meat to which they would be confined\\nfor the greater part of the year.\\nWe must not forget, however, that David Page brought with him\\nin April, twenty head of stock, and during the summer added\\ntwenty more. They must have had milk in abundance and in case\\nof necessity could have dressed and eaten their cattle. The only\\nwonder is, how they subsisted so long on a flesh diet without bread\\nor vegetables. They were probably but little worse off than other\\nsettlers in the nearest settlements, as the great frost extended as far\\nsouth as Massachusetts.\\nTheir cattle wintered well and everything assumed a promising\\naspect in the spring of 1765. They planted again, but reaped a\\nscanty harvest, that, and the succeeding year but the next year,\\ntheir fourth year of effort was crowned by a most abundant harvest.\\nFrom then to the present time no season has passed that has not\\nyielded enough to feed the people. Some seasons, as we shall see\\nlater, were less bountiful than others in the yield of certain crops;\\nbut as soon as the people learned to raise a variety of crops, and\\nnot trust their all upon a single one, the period of want and uncer-\\ntainty was passed.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "24 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nSome supplies were brought from Haverhill and Newbury, Vt.,\\nduring the first decade. The settlers managed to get along for\\nsome twenty years without a mill for grinding their grain. They\\nrelied upon the use of the pestle and mortar during that time. The\\nmortar was made of a log of hard wood some three feet long, one\\nend of which was hollowed out, and into which the grain would be\\npoured, and beaten with a pestle, which was sometimes of stone,\\nbut often of wood, mounted on a spring-pole, either in the yard or\\none corner of the kitchen. The corn was sometimes hulled by\\nsoaking until the hull would burst, when by drying it could easily\\nbe separated from the kernels.\\nSometimes the corn was mixed with beans, or rye, or perhaps\\nboth. This mixture was called samp, and was boiled after which it\\nwas sometimes baked. It has been thought that this dish was one the\\nwhites learned from the Indians the process of making. That may\\nbe true but all men living under the same circumstances will do\\nsimilar things. Our ancestors were mote inventive than the Indians,\\nand would have worked their way through difficulties more rapidly.\\nThe Anglo-Saxon race never fails to adapt itself to any conditions\\nunder which it must live and work out its destiny. These first\\nsettlers of Lancaster were a striking proof of this claim. We may-\\nregard their coarse and simple fare with surprise and feel a pity for\\nthem but it was one best calculated to fit them to their labors.\\nThey derived from it the muscular energy that enabled them to\\nperform most herculean tasks and they were a healthy class of\\npeople because of their simple life. Their coarse and simple food,\\nregular exercise in daily employments and outdoor life, kept them\\nwell and strong. For many years the majority of the people lived\\nin log houses, often far from comfortable in their appointments.\\nThe year 1765 was spent by the little company of settlers in\\nenlarging their clearing and building more cabins for the shelter of\\ntheir band. During that year Emmons Stockwell and Ruth Page\\nwere married. They rode all the way to Walpole, N. H., in order\\nto find some one authorized to solemnize a marriage.\\nUpon their return Stockwell erected a log cabin on his land which\\nadjoined that of Page on which the first clearing was made. He\\nwas a prosperous pioneer, honest, industrious, and frugal, and in\\nevery way worthy of the noble wife who was the mother of his fif-\\nteen children. They both lived to a great age, and long enough to\\nsee the little settlement grown into a prosperous community. After\\nsome years they built a frame house to take the place of their log\\ncabin. That little house is still standing as the L part of the\\npresent house on the Stockwell farm, and is the oldest frame build-\\ning in town.\\nIt was out of a window of this buildinc: that Ruth Stockwell", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE SETTLEMENT OF LANCASTER. 25\\nshot a bear one day. Hearing a great noise and commotion among\\nthe domestic animals she opened the door and looked out in time\\nto see a large bear prowling about in the yard. She shut the door,\\ntook up a loaded gun, and raising the window fired at the bear,\\nseverely wounding him. The report of the gun attracted her hus-\\nband from the fields to the house to see what the matter was. Mr.\\nStockwell finished the bear with a club. Ruth Stockwell s courage\\nnever failed her, nor was she ever slow to take every advantage in a\\ndifficult situation. Often when her husband was absent she would\\nhave sudden and unannounced calls from roving bands of Indians,\\nwho would call for food, or to warm themselves beside her hearth\\nbut never did her suspicions of them give way to alarm, or cause\\nher to show Signs of fear. In her treatment of them she was always\\nkind but firm. If they insisted on remaining through the night she\\nallowed them to do so but she required them to give up to her all\\ntheir weapons which she put away for safe keeping until they were\\nready to leave, when she would hand them back to their owners,\\nwho always departed in peace. Even during the War of the Revo-\\nlution when Mr. Stockwell was away on duty as a scout, these bands\\nof Indians would continue to call at the Stockwell home, sometimes\\nfor powwows and dances, often making free use of liquors, but\\nnever did they forget the kindness of their host and his brave wife.\\nThe British used every means to induce the Indians to harass the\\nfrontier settlements but not once through the whole long and bitter\\nstruggle was the defenceless settlement at Lancaster disturbed. It\\nis creditable to the memory of those noble men and women, that in\\nall those turbulent times they never treated the Indians unkindly,\\nand in turn the Indians refrained from harming them. Justice and\\nmercy will win the good will of even a savage. Thus the sense of\\njustice and humanity in the conduct of these pioneers averted all\\ndangers of attack from the savages.\\nFrom the earliest years of the settlement, bands of Indians wan-\\ndered through Lancaster, hunting and stopping to traffic with the\\nwhite settlers. Emmons Stockwell, David Page, and Edwards\\nBucknam carried on quite a trade with the Indians by which they\\naccumulated considerable stocks of furs which they traded for sup-\\nplies. Among the private papers of Edwards Bucknam, who\\nadministered upon the estate of David Page, I find a letter and bill\\nconsigning to Page a stock of goods for such traffic\\nBoston, January, 1767.\\nMr. David Page,\\nSir-\\nAgreeable to our conversation I have sent the goods I talked of, of which you\\nhave an Invt. to be sold on my account Risciue. I hope they may sell well\\namong the Indians, you will take care to send me down to Boston the Neat", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "26\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nProduce of them in Beaver skins as Early in the Spring as possible After deduct-\\ning charges for certain commissions etc.\\ny Most Hble Servt.\\nW. Molineaux.\\nThe inventory referred to in Molineaux s letter is this:\\nInvt. of Sundry good Delivered to Mr. Saml Jennison to cart to Lancaster in\\nNew Hampshire directed for Mr. David Page of Lancaster these to be sold by\\nhim to the Indians to Receive Beaver in Return on the Propper Risque of W.\\nMolineaux, Mercht in Boston.\\nI grind stone\\nI Doz. Scythes\\nI Doz. Sickles\\nI Doz. Wood Axes\\n5 Barrs Lead\\nI Bagg Flints for guns\\nlo .VT. iC^ Nails, at 7/\\nI Whole Barr,i Gun Powder\\nI Cask for do.\\nI Barr,i Rum, 96 gal. at i/g\\n3 Barr, for Do.\\nI P Indian Blanketing\\n1 P=. 30 yards Half thick\\n2 Russian Saw bans 166\\nI Barr English steel 16/\\nsh.\\nd.\\n6\\n0.\\nn\\n13\\n4\\n16\\n3\\n4\\n0.\\nI\\n9\\n0.\\n5\\n0.\\n3\\n10\\n0.\\n7\\n10\\n0.\\n2\\n8.\\n8\\n8\\n0.\\n9\\n0.\\n6\\n9\\n6.\\n2\\n9\\n4-\\n3\\n17\\n5-\\n8\\nLawful money\\nBoston January 1767.\\n\u00c2\u00a3Ai\\n17\\nErrors Excepted\\nW. Molineaux.\\nOne may well doubt whether Page ever sold the grindstone or\\nany scythes to the Indians; but the blanketing, rum, lead, and\\npowder no doubt found ready conversion into their market value of\\nbeaver skins and other furs. Furs were abundant, and large packs\\nof them were carried out on horseback during the first few years,\\nand later carted down the Connecticut river on the ice. There\\nwere no wagon roads to the Upper Coos when the goods, above\\nreferred to, were delivered to Saml. Jennison to be carted to Lan-\\ncaster, for as late as February, 1768, we find the Provincial Assembly\\ndealing with a petition from David Page and others for a road to\\nUpper Coos [Provincial Papers, Vol. 7, pp. 151, 152, 195, 266, and\\n313]-\\nAt the time referred to the settlers used a sort of sled called a\\ncar for transporting goods on the snow and ice. It was made of\\ntwo long poles dressed thin enough at a particular distance from the\\nbutt ends to allow the slender ends to bend up and answer for\\nshafts by which the vehicle was drawn by a horse. Knees and\\ncross-bars bored into the portion of poles resting upon the surface,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE SETTLEMENT OF LANCASTER. 2 J\\nallowed the load to be adjusted high enough to pass over ordinary\\nobstruction met with on the ice. In this way large loads were\\ndrawn with considerable ease and dispatch. This style of car was\\nnot peculiar to Lancaster, nor to the period of its settlement. It had\\nbeen used by all the early settlers in different parts of the country\\nas early as 1630. It is still in use in the mountainous sections of\\nthe Virginias, and possibly throughout the whole Alleghany Moun-\\ntain regions. These early settlers were full of resources. They\\ncould surmount almost any difficulties liable to be met with in their\\nwild surroundings.\\nEdwards Bucknam who came here in the employment of David\\nPage, and worked for him some years, married his daughter,\\nSusannah, and located at the mouth of Beaver brook. Just when he\\nbuilt his log cabin there is not known but there he lived through-\\nout the remainder of his eventful life, and near the site of his first\\nhouse he lies buried in a grave that has long been unmarked, but\\nover which his grandson, Edward F. Bucknam, is now erecting a\\nsuitable monument. There his ten children were born. There\\nseem to be some discrepancies in regard to General Bucknam s\\nchildren. Tradition has it that he only had six children, two sons\\nand four daughters but the record of births in his family as found\\nin volume i, p. 189, gives the names and dates of birth of ten chil-\\ndren, three sons and seven daughters, as follows\\nEunice, born June 4 th, 1767.\\nMary, July 22d, 1769.\\nSoffia, Feb. 13, 1 77 1 died Nov. 16, 1771.\\nLydia, Nov. 5, 1772.\\nSusanna, Nov. 5, 1774, died April 7, 1776.\\nSusanna {2d), Feb. 7, 1777.\\nEdwards, Feb. 15, 1780.\\nGrove, Jan. 12, 1783, died April 13, 1783.\\nSally, May 22, 1784.\\nGeorge, Sept. 27, 1786.\\nIt is also claimed by some that Eunice Bucknam was the first\\nwhite child born in Lancaster. This claim is not true, for we have\\na reliable record of the birth of Emmons Stockwell s children that\\nshows that the distinction of being the first white child born in Lan-\\ncaster belongs to Polly Stockwell, born December 25, 1765. From\\na family record in the possession of A. P. Freeman, son of Betse\\nStockwell, the eleventh child of Emmons and Ruth Stockwell, I\\ntake the following facts\\nChildren of Emmons and Ruth Stockwell\\nPolly, born Dec. 25, 1765.\\nSally, April 27, 1768.\\nDavid, July 7, 1769.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "28 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCharlotte, born Oct. 24, 1770.\\nDolly,\\nSept. 2,\\n1772.\\nEphraim,\\nOct. 25,\\n1774-\\nLiberty,\\nAug. 27\\n1776.\\nRuth,\\nSept. 21\\n1778.\\nEmmons,\\nOct. II,\\n1780.\\nPhebe,\\nOct 14,\\n1782.\\nBetsey,\\nJune 18,\\n1784.\\nSamuel,\\nMay 27,\\n1786,\\nWilliam,\\nFeb. 17,\\n1788.\\nJohn,\\nDec. 25,\\n1790.\\nMary,\\nApril 4,\\n1792.\\nThese two records are authentic and settle all points in regard to\\nthis question at issue between the descendants of these two first fami-\\nlies. Some credit and interest always attaches to the privilege of being\\nthe first person born in a new settlement, and that certainly belongs,\\nin this case, to Polly Stockwell, unless the tradition be true, that there\\nbeing no other women in Lancaster, Ruth Stockwell went to her mo-\\nther in Petersham, Mass., to be confined. If that was the case, then\\nthe honor of the first birth in Lancaster goes to the family of Ed-\\nwards Bucknam, and his daughter Eunice carries off the honors. This\\ntradition is a plausible one, and there is no direct evidence against\\nit. The wife and the rest of David Page s family came to Lancaster\\nas near as we can learn about 1767. It is altogether likely that this\\none lone woman in a pioneer camp of a half dozen men would\\nprefer the fatigue of a journey of more than three hundred miles to\\nbe with her mother at the time her child was born than to have\\nremained here without any one capable of giving her the care she\\nrequired at such a time. The practical good sense of the commu-\\nnity led them to provide for such emergencies in the future by voting\\nat the first proprietors meeting, To give one good Right of land\\nto the first good Midwife that shall come and settle in Lancaster on\\nor before the first day of next December.\\nThat meeting was held March 10, 1767, at the dwelling house of\\nDavid Page.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nThe Location, Survey, and Allotment of the Town Lands Terri-\\ntorial Conflict with the Town of Stonington Re-location of\\nBoundaries Renewal of the Charter Final Allotment and Dis-\\ntribution of Lands, and Settlement of Conflicting Claims to\\nTitles.\\nSome time between the actual settlement of the town and the first\\nproprietors meeting we have any knowledge of, March 10, 1767,\\nthe discovery had been made that Page, Stockwell, and Bucknam", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "LOCATION, SURVEY, AND ALLOTMENT OF TOWN LANDS. 29\\nhad located on territory covered by the charter of Stonington.\\nAlthough it does not seem that the grantees of Stonington had\\ntaken any action at that time to dispossess these settlers, they\\nbecame deeply concerned over the possible danger of losing the\\nhomes they had sacrificed so much to establish. They made it a\\nmatter of public action.\\nDavid Page, who had no doubt been the real discoverer of their\\nmistake, was authorized by the vote of that meeting to change the\\nboundaries of the town, and was voted, also, a compensation of one\\ndollar on each right for his services in that undertaking. Not satis-\\nfied with the results of their own change of the location of the\\nbounds, they sent to Portsmouth in 1 769 and had Lieut. Joshua Tol-\\nford, son of John Tolford, one of the proprietors, come up and\\nsurvey the town, hoping no doubt to give his survey the weight of\\nthe governmental sanction, as he was one of the governor s deputy\\nsurveyors-general. Tolford seems to have run on the same lines\\nthat Page located two years before, and gave entire satisfaction to\\nthe proprietors. He laid out the town plot provided for in the\\ncharter, and also the first and second divisions of the town lands.\\nThese divisions consisted of twenty-acre meadow lots, and fifty-acre\\nhouse lots lying contiguous to them on the first elevation of the hill-\\nlands. The town plot consisted of seventy one-acre lots lying along\\nboth sides of a street four rods wide, beginning at a point about\\nwhere E. V. Cobleigh s house stands on Prospect street and running\\neast to the second bend in Isreals river, near the dam of the old\\npaper mill. The design was that every proprietor should build his\\nhouse on one of these lots which were disposed of by draft in\\nthe same manner that the first and second divisions had been. Just\\nwhat disposition was ever made of this allotment is not so clear.\\nThe plan laid down for them by Governor Wentworth to form a vil-\\nlage community, after the old system that had prevailed in England\\nsome centuries before that time, did not seem to meet the approval\\nof the hardy pioneers. So far as we know anything of the original\\nproprietors or actual settlers, they built their houses upon their sev-\\neral house-lots. There is no doubt that the town plot was a\\nfailure, for we soon discover that the town bought six of those lots\\nfor their meeting-house lot on the western end of the street.\\nThere is no evidence that there was ever a street opened and used\\nthere until the present Pleasant street was laid out in i860, easterly\\nfrom the Meeting House common.\\nTolford s survey was laid before the governor, but just what\\naction, if any, he ever took upon the matter is not known. It may\\nbe inferred, however, that he did nothing about it at the time, for\\nthe governor then was John Wentworth, a nephew of Benning Went-\\nworth, who had granted the charter, and who, if he had then been", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "30 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nin office, would no doubt have given his Lancaster friends what\\nthey asked for. The new governor seems to have hesitated, or to\\nhave had more conscience than his old uncle, and the unsettled\\nquestion was left for the future to take care of. The proprietors\\nwere kept in a troubled state of mind over their territorial limits\\nfor a considerable time. They had taken action upon the matter in\\n1766, 1767, 1769, and again in 1773. The towns of Woodbury,\\nCockburn, Coleburn, and Stonington, now regranted as Northum-\\nberland, were as greatly disturbed, for if Lancaster was to hold the\\nterritory she claimed, it would either rob Northumberland of three\\nfourths of her best lands or compel her to move up the river upon\\nterritory granted to Cockburn in 1770, and renew her territorial\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2conflicts with that town.\\nAt the proprietors meeting, August 26, 1773, .the location of ten\\nrights bought up by Charles Ward Apthorp, a land speculator\\nhving in New York, was made, in which the proprietors recognized\\na possible difficulty in holding their claims. These rights were to be\\nin the south part of the township on what is known as the Cat-Bow\\non Connecticut river. It was to contain the three hundred and\\nsixty acres of meadow land in that famous tract and front two miles\\non the river and run back toward the eastward far enough to include\\nten full rights of two hundred and seventy-four acres each in a body.\\nIn granting that location this clause was inserted in the vote con-\\nfirming the location, viz.\\nThe grant hereby made to him (Apthorp) shall not operate to the disadvantage\\nof the rest of the proprietors by the intervention of any foreign legal claim under\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2color of a mistake in the boundaries of the township.\\nIn 1769 the proprietors found that they had not quite complied\\nwith the terms of their charter, and had requested and received a\\nrenewal of it from Gov. John Went\\\\vorth. In that document refer-\\nence is made to a survey made under the direction of Isaac Rindge,\\nsurveyor-general of lands of the province, which survey was that\\nof Joshua Tolford, but no change of boundary was mentioned or\\nmade in the renewed charter given below. Under this charter,\\nwhich tacitly conceded the survey of Tolford as the one on which\\nthe original charter had been granted, the settlers continued to act\\nas a body politic upon its rightful territory and yet they were not\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2quite satisfied with the validity of their titles as is seen in the allot-\\nment of Apthorp s ten rights.\\nThat renewed charter, under which the people tried to comfort\\nthemselves in the security of their titles, is an important document,\\nand we give it here in full", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "LOCATION, SURVEY, AND ALLOTMENT OF TOWN LANDS. 3 I\\nLANCASTER CHARTER RENEWED 1769.\\nProvince of New George the Third by the grace of God of Great Britain\\nHampshire France and Ireland King Defender of the faith and so\\nLancaster forth.\\nI extended\\nWhereas we of our special grace and mere motion for the due\\nL. S. encouragement of setling a new Plantation within our Prov of New\\nv.^v-^ Hampshire in New England by our Letters Patent or Charter under\\nthe Seal of our said Province Dated the 5th day of July Annoque\\nDomini 1763 in the Third year of our Reign a Tract of Land equal to six miles\\nsquare bounded as therein expressed since surveyed admeasured, marked\\nascertained by our Order to Isaac Rindge Esq our Surveyor Geni of Lands for\\nour said Province) Granted to a number of our Loyal subjects whose Names are\\nentered on the same to hold to them their Heirs and Assigns on the Conditions\\ntherein Declared, and to be a Town Corporate by the name of Lancaster, as by\\nreference to the said Charter may more fully appear. And whereas the said\\nGrantees have represented to us that by the great inconveniences which occur\\nin the Settlement of New Townships so remotely situated from any other Town-\\nships or Settlements that can afford any Assistance hath rendered it impracticable\\nfor the whole number of Grantees to perform that part of the condition that\\nrelates to the Cultivation of such a portion of said Grant. That there are a Con-\\nsiderable numbers of Families now resident on the Premises, which affords them\\nhopes of a final Settlement without delay. And humbly supplicating us not to\\ntake advantage of the Breach of said Condition, but to lengthen out, and grant\\nthem some further Time for the performance thereof. Now know ye that we\\nbeing willing to promote the end proposed Have of our further Grace and favour\\nsuspended our Claim of the forfeiture which the said Grantees may have incurred,\\nand by these Presents Do Grant unto the said Grantee their Heirs and Assigns\\nthe further Term of Five Years from this Date for performing and fulfilling the\\nConditions, matters and things by them to be done as aforesaid. Except the\\nQuit Rents, which are to remain due and payable as expressed and\\nreserved in the Original Grant or Charter.\\nIn Testimony whereof we have caused the Seal of our said Province to be\\nhereunto affixed Witness John Wentworth Esq our Governor and Commander in\\nChief of our aforesaid Province This 2o i day of September in the 9 year of our\\nReign Annoque Domini 1769,\\nJ. Wentworth.\\nBy his Excellency Command\\nwith advice of Council\\nTheodore Atkinson Secy\\nPro* of New Hampshire 16 Nov 1769\\nRecorded according to the Original Grant under the Province Seal\\nP Theodore Atkinson SeC-^\\nThis renewal of the charter must have been a disappointment to\\nthe proprietors, for instead of settling their question of title it left it\\nopen to harass them in the future. For more than a quarter of a\\ncentury they were concerned with this troublesome question.\\nThe governor having failed to render the relief prayed for in the\\npetition for a new charter on the lines of Tolford s survey, the peo-\\nple in their characteristic resoluteness renewed their appeals to the\\ngovernment for legel acknowledgment of the re-location of the town-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "32 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nship. At the meeting, above referred to, of August 26, 1773, the\\nfollowing vote was passed\\nlooted that it appears to this proprietary as a matter of some uncertainty whether\\ndoubts may not arise with respect to the northerly extent of the boundaries of this\\ntownship which upon a construction set up by sundry persons will deprive the\\nwhole of the settlers (one only accepted) [that one was Bucknam Ed.] of their\\nlands, possessions and improvements and reduce the township to very inconsider-\\nable compass, and the proprietors laboring under very great uneasiness from the\\napprehension of, or expecting a calamity, do therefore request that Ammi R.\\nCutter, Esq., and Mr. Jacob Treadwell will be pleased to lay before his Excellency\\nthe Governor such representation upon the subject as may appear to them most\\nproper to induce his Excellency to grant to the proprietors an explanatory charter\\nascertaining the limits of the said township as the same as was actually surveyed\\nby Joshua Tolford and is now allotted to the proprietors and possessed and\\nenjoyed by the inhabitants.\\nThere were residing in Portsmouth and vicinity a number of the\\nmost influential among the proprietors, friends of the Wentworths, like\\nMatthew Thornton, Esq., Maj. John Tolford, Andrew Wiggin, Esq.,\\nMeshech Weare, Esq., Hon. Joseph Newmarsh, Esq., Nathaniel\\nBarrel, Esq., Daniel Warner, Esq., James Nevins, Esq., and Rev.\\nJoshua Wingate Weeks. These no doubt pressed the claims of\\nLancaster, and the governor yielded to the pleadings of a letter\\nfrom Jacob Treadwell and confirmed the survey of Tolford, by which\\nhe had only to crowd Northumberland further up the river in order\\nto give it its full territory as set forth in the charter thereof. He\\ndid not re-issue any of these charters, but simply ordered Northum-\\nberland and the towns above it to move up the river and readjust\\ntheir limits.\\nThis arrangement seemed to settle matters for a time, and in 1787\\nthe proprietors felt sufificiently satisfied in their titles to vote for a\\nfinal survey and allotment of the unappropriated lands of the town.\\nThey accordingly set Jonas Baker, who had become something of a\\nland surveyor by that time, to work to divide these lands into what\\nthey called one-hundred-acre lots, or the third division. Of these\\nthere were to be one hundred and forty, two each for every pro-\\nprietor, but did not include the rights that had been previously\\nbought by Apthorp. This division included a right each to schools^\\nglebe, and meeting-house. It was found, after all these claims had\\nbeen satisfied, that twelve full lots and many gores of irregular size\\nstill remained untaken. The proprietors voted\\nAny one holding a right of land in the town of Lancaster may pitch his share\\non any unoccupied lands, and have the same surveyed by a sworn surveyor, have\\na plan and description made of it and have the same recorded by the proprietors\\nclerk in the liroprietors records, and he shall hold the same forever.\\nThese lands were eagerly sought for. Soine persons fared well\\nin their choice, but many were dissatisfied with what was left for", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "LOCATION, SURVEY, AND ALLOTMENT OF TOWN LOTS. 33\\nthem, and portions of these gores were never located, and possibly\\nremain unlocated to-day, but not unclaimed.\\nThe proprietors were generous in their gifts or appropriations of\\nthe lands of their township. They wisely set apart for mills a strip\\nof land two rods wide on both sides of Isreals river from the head of\\nthe island, just below Main Street bridge, to the second bend of the\\nriver, where the Paper Mill dam now is, the rental of which was to\\ngo for the support of schools. These lands were later rented to\\ndifferent persons at the nominal rental of one pint of wheat per\\nyear, if demanded, which was to be used in the support of schools.\\nThese rents, of course, being merely nominal, have never been called\\nfor by the town.\\nAt the first proprietors meeting, March lO, 1767, a right was\\nset off for the first minister that should settle in the town. Another\\nfull right of land, and it was to be a good one, too, was voted to\\nthe first good midwife that shall come and settle in Lancaster on\\nor before the first day of December next. Two hundred acres\\nwere voted, at the same meeting, to David Page for building a black-\\nsmith shop and keeping tools for the same and a half right of\\nland to the first physician that should settle in Lunenburg or Lan-\\ncaster within one year from that date.\\nOf course, their only wealth was in land, of which the} had more\\nthan they could utilize for the ordinary purposes. If they could\\ninduce professional and skilled men and women to come here and\\nply their arts and professions, it was wise to offer such inducements\\nto them. It is not certainly known whether Page s blacksmith shop\\never came to be a realized concern, or whether any ph} sician or\\nmidwife ever laid claim to the bonus offered to their respective\\nprofessions.\\nThe final allotment of the lands did not allay the suspense under\\nwhich the settlers rested for so many years. The claims of parties\\nwere kept alive, but seldom pressed farther than the making of sur-\\nveys and the threats of going to law to sustain the claim of priority\\nof title under the Stonington or Northumberland charters. The first\\nactual settlers in Northumberland found abundant lands of a good\\nquality and were satisfied with their situation so far as to which town\\nthey should finally be found to be living in. The fact that those\\nupper towns laid so dangerously near the frontier infested by Indians\\nand threatened with incursions of English and Indian soldiers, made\\nthem of comparatively little value and the proprietors found it\\ndifficult to induce people to settle there even on the most liberal\\nconditions.\\nMatters continued in this somewhat unsettled condition until the\\nRevolutionary War broke out and diverted the interest and atten-\\ntion of all parties to these disputes over titles. The intense anxiety\\n4", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "34 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nand fear of the inhabitants of all these upper towns drew them\\ntogether in a common effort to defend their homes against British\\ninvasion which was momentarily expected to take place. For a\\ntime, in the presence of a threatened danger, they suffered them-\\nselves to ignore the old contention and stand together through\\ntwelve anxious years, during which time the little settlements were\\nweighed in the balance. The only garrison built in this northern\\nsection was in the immediate vicinity of those towns aggrieved at\\nLancaster, and they were largely built and manned by Lancaster\\nmen. At such a time it was not likely that any one thought to\\ncontend with his neighbors about titles when the title of the Ameri-\\ncan people to their country was often a doubtful one.\\nOnce the war was over and peace declared, lands were much\\nmore valuable than they had ever been before in this section of the\\nstate, and the old disputes again arose in threats of lawsuits to\\nrecover the territory once granted as Stonington. In 1790 Jonas\\nWilder, Edwards Bucknam, and Emmons Stockwell were appointed\\na committee to appear before the general court and ask for a new\\ncharter to the original grantees which should cover territory in\\ndispute, and forever confirm the title thereof. The question hung\\nvery evenly in the balance, and there appeared no strong advo-\\ncates for Lancaster as before when this same plea was made in\\n1773. Colonel Goffe, however, seems to have championed the\\ncause of Lancaster, rather as an apology or explanation of the\\nstupidity of Benning Wentworth in granting unsurveyed lands in an\\narbitrary manner certain to bring about conflicts of claims. He\\nmentions as some of the reasons why these disputes existed The\\nloose and uncertain bounds of Lancaster through the geography of\\nthe River Connecticut not being at the time of the said grants\\nparticularly known, whereby it made a material alteration in the\\nbounds of said Lancaster, and consequently affected the lines of\\nDartmouth. The action upon this petition was taken at a time\\nwhen the Wentworth regime had come to a close by the election of\\nDr. Josiah Bartlett over Joshua Wentworth as president of New\\nHampshire. Failing to get a new charter to confirm their claims,\\nthe people of Lancaster twice again appointed committees to lay\\ntheir case before the president and general court, but to no effect.\\nHaving failed to get their rights confirmed they changed their\\ntactics, and at a meeting in 1796 voted to employ Richard C.\\nEverett, Esq., a young lawyer then recently settled in Lancaster, as\\ntheir Agent to act in behalf of the proprietors of Lancaster to\\ndefend any lawsuit or suits, or to commence any action or actions\\nagainst any encroachments that are or may be made upon said\\ntownship of Lancaster, to make any settlement of all or any dis-\\nputes which are or may be had with adjacent towns respecting", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "LOCATION, SURVEY, AND ALLOTMENT OF TOWN LOTS. 35\\nboundaries of said town, and to petition the Honorable General\\nCourt with any agent or agents of the neighboring towns, whose\\nboundaries are disputed, or disputable, for their interference in the\\npremises.\\nThe people felt their title good enough, through the long term\\nof their peaceable occupation of their lands, to risk them being\\ncarried into the law courts, though they never were. Attorney\\nEverett was alert and ready for action at any time but never had\\noccasion to go to court, nor do w^e know if he ever petitioned the\\ngeneral court in relation to the disputed titles.\\nThe feeling of uncertainty, however, affected some people for a\\nlong time. When the Rev. Joseph Willard, the first settled min-\\nister in the town, accepted a call to settle here and received the\\nright allotted to him, he required of the town the execution of a\\nbond of guarantee to him against loss of title in event the town should\\nlose its title to the granted township as then located. This bond\\nwas readily given as the people had no fear of ever being called\\nupon to make good any such loss.\\nNot until 1853 did the last shadow of fear for their rights pass\\nforever away for the inhabitants of Lancaster. In that year one\\nAtkinson brought suit against one Goodall to obtain possession\\nof lands in Bethlehem under the claim that they belong to the\\ngrantees of Concord Gore, described in its charter as cornering on\\nLancaster. The Hon. James VV. Weeks, a land surveyor of con-\\nsiderable reputation, of Lancaster, was employed to survey and\\nmake a map of the Concord Gore and adjacent territory. When\\nthe case came to trial in Exeter the court decided that although the\\nland in dispute was once intended to be a part of Concord Gore,\\nthat it was then a part of Bethlehem, and that the accepted bound-\\naries of towns, occupied as long as these had been, could not be\\ndisturbed by reason of variance from intention of original charters.\\nThis decision has dispelled all shades of doubt from the minds of\\nLancaster people, and gave undisputed validity to all titles.\\nWe deem it of sufificient interest to subjoin hereto the names of\\nthe original grantees and the numbers of the several lots that com-\\nprised their respective rights of land in the distributions above\\nreferred to.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nTHE ORIGINAL ALLOTMENT OF LANDS.\\nProprietors Names:\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-J\\nSS\\nm\\nS2\\nThird Division.\\ni:\\n(i3\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-1\\nM\\nu\\n4J\\n4J\\nrt\\nJ\\nP^\\nhJ\\nCharles Howe\\nIsreal Hale\\nIsreal Hale, Jr\\nDaniel Hale\\nWilliam Dagget\\nIsaac Ball\\nSolomon Fay\\nJonathan Death\\nJohn Sanders\\nElisha Crosby\\nLuke Lincoln\\nDavid Lawson\\nSilas Rice\\nThomas Carter\\nEphraim Sterns\\nWilliam Read\\nNathaniel Smith\\nThomas Rice\\nDaniel Searls\\nIsaac Wood\\nNathaniel Richardson\\nEbenezer Blunt\\nJohn Wait\\nEphraim Noyce\\nBenjamin Sawyer\\nJohn Herriman\\nSamuel Marble\\nJoseph Marble\\nJonathan Houghton\\nJohn Rogers\\nAbner Holden\\nStanton Prentice\\nBenjamin Wilson\\nStephen Emes\\nJohn Sawyer\\nJohn Phelps\\nJames Reed\\nBenjamin Baxter\\nMathew Thornton, Esq\\nAndrew Wiggin, Esq\\nMeshech Weare, Esq\\nMaj. John Tolford\\nHon. Joseph Newmarsh, Esq\\nHon. Nathaniel Barrel, Esq..\\nHon. Daniel Warner, Esq.\\nDavid Page\\nDavid Page, Jr\\nAbraham Byam\\nRuben Stone\\nJohn Grant\\nJohn Grant, Jr\\nSolomon Willson\\nJonathan Grant\\n68\\n69\\n70\\n71\\n72\\n73\\n74\\n33\\n34\\n67\\n66\\n65\\n40\\n41\\n59\\n25\\n27\\n26\\n47\\n31\\n3\\n5\\n46\\n21\\n44\\n28\\n35\\n17\\n48\\n24\\n29\\n^8\\n7\\n4\\nID\\n23\\nII\\n12\\n43\\n45\\n14\\n19\\n39\\n38\\n22\\n15\\n50\\n51\\n42\\n6\\n52\\n18\\n69\\n70\\n71\\n72\\n73\\n74\\n33\\n34\\n67\\n66\\n65\\n40\\n41\\n59\\n25\\n27\\n26\\n47\\n31\\n3\\n5\\n46\\n21\\n44\\n28\\n35\\n17\\n48\\n24\\n29\\nI\\n7\\n4\\nID\\n23\\nII\\n12\\n43\\n45\\n14\\n19\\n39\\n15\\n50\\n51\\n42\\n6\\n52\\n18\\n23\\n18\\n26\\nI\\n24\\n5\\n26\\nI\\n22\\n12\\n7\\n19\\n3\\n27\\n15\\n10\\n13\\n3\\n23\\n9\\n28\\n9\\n27\\n8\\n27\\n15\\n12\\n20\\n24\\n14\\n23\\n19\\n23\\n16\\n10\\nII\\n5\\n17\\n6\\n14\\n12\\n25\\n13\\n24\\nID\\n24\\n23\\n27\\n26\\n4\\n25\\n28\\n29\\n27\\n25\\n27\\n18\\n24\\n27\\n30\\n15\\n13\\n23\\n9\\n15\\n10\\n29\\n9\\n28\\nII\\n30\\n16\\n13\\n24\\n25\\n23\\n24\\n20\\n25\\n7\\nII\\n14\\n21\\n21\\n17\\n17\\n13\\n28\\n14\\n24\\n16\\nCat Bow.\\nCatBow.\\nCat Bow.\\nCatBow.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "LOCATION, SURVEY, AND ALLOTMENT OF TOWN LOTS. 3/\\nTHE ORIGINAL ALLOTMENT OF LANDS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Co////\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00ab r^/.\\nProprietors Names.\\nThird Division.\\nC w\\n.y^\\nto\\n51\\no\\nV\\na3\\nD\\nh-)\\nO 3\\nfcO\\nM\\nlU\\nen ni\\no\\n5\\no\\nO\\nES\\ncfiS\\nC4\\nh-i\\nhJ\\nO\\nJoseph Stovvel\\nJoseph Page\\nWilliam Page\\nNathaniel Page\\nJohn Marden\\nSilas Bennet\\nThomas Shattock\\nEphraim Shattock\\nSilas Shattock\\nBenjamin Man\\nDaniel Miles\\nThomas Rogers\\nJohn Duncan\\nTimothy Whitney\\nJames Nevins, Esq\\nRev. John Wingate Weeks.\\nBenjamin Stevens\\nFirst Settle Minister\\nGov. Benning Wentworth,\\ntwo rights.*\\nRight for School\\nChurch of England\\nCh. of Eng. Glebe\\nS3\\n20\\n54\\n13\\n6o\\nI\\ni6\\n36\\n37\\n49\\n9\\n61\\n32\\n64\\n62\\n53\\n20\\n54\\nli\\n57\\n58\\nI\\n2\\n16\\n36\\n37\\n49\\n6?\\n32\\n64\\n62\\n1\\n14\\n4\\n18\\n8\\n1\\n16\\n21\\n4\\n17\\n23\\n4\\n8\\n8\\n15\\n7\\n8\\n6\\n8\\n2\\n13\\n5\\n20\\n29\\n27\\n3\\nI\\nI\\nI\\n2\\n5\\nI\\n1\\nI\\n5\\n5\\n32\\n25\\n15\\nII\\n26\\n8\\n12\\n18\\n25\\n30\\nli\\nI\\n2\\n2\\nI\\n6\\n6\\n3\\nI\\nI\\nI\\nI\\nCat Bow.\\nCat Bow\\nCatBow.\\nThe foregoing draft of the several lots placed to eache grantee of the first,\\nsecond, and third divisions in the town of Lancaster were entered, examined, and\\nrecorded, the same agreeable to vote passed at a Proprietors meeting held in said\\nTown by adjournment October 14th 1789.\\nBy me Edwards Bucknam, Proprietors Clerk.\\n*The two rights of Governor Benning Wentworth, reserved in granting the charter,\\nwas outside and independent of the seventy-four equal shares into which the town was\\nto be divided, and was located on the back of the charter in northwest corner of the\\ntownship.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nTHE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN: ITS PROPRIETARY AND\\nCIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nAlthough the charter of the town made it a body pohtic, and\\nenjoined upon it the civil mode of government then prevailing in the\\nprovince, on and after the first Tuesday of August, 1763, it seems to\\nhave been governed wholly by a proprietary system until 1769, when\\na civil form of government was inaugurated by the election of a\\nboard of five selectmen David Page, Abner Osgood, George\\nWheeler, Emmons Stockwell, and Edwards Bucknam a town clerk,\\nand other civil ofificers.\\nSeveral influences no doubt intervened to prevent an earlier com-\\npliance with the requirements of the charter. Most of the proprie-\\ntors did not intend to locate on their lands. They accepted them as\\na matter of speculation, and yet, no doubt they were cautious not to\\nallow the mere handful of actual settlers to have too much liberty in\\nthe management of the town under the provisions of the prevailing\\n.system of town government. The few actual settlers who came\\nbefore 1769, may have felt some hesitancy in assuming the necessary\\nofifices, as there were not enough to fill all the oflfices and leave any-\\nbody to be governed. The situation would have been even more\\ngrotesque than on a subsequent occasion when the citizens turned\\nout on a muster day, and after filling all the offtces necessary to a\\nproper drill, there was left but one private. There were not enough\\nmen present the first few years to fill the ofifices. They could, and\\ndid, however, carry out the wishes of their associate grantees in the\\nmanagement of the affairs of the town by the election of a moderator,\\nclerk, and treasurer, with such committees as were from time to time\\nneeded.\\nThe charter designated David Page as the rightful authorit}- to call\\nthe first meeting of the proprietors on the first Tuesday of August,\\n1763, and preside as moderator. If such meeting was held, it must\\nhave been somewhere else than on their granted territory. The first\\nMarch meeting may have likewise been held at some other point,\\nand probably was. It is quite likely, too, that when the first settlers\\ndiscovered that they were not settled upon the territory actually\\ndescribed in the charter as belonging to them, that they delayed the\\nmatter of an early organization, and were content to feel their way\\nunder a proprietary management of their affairs. The first meeting\\nthat was held in Lancaster was strictly a proprietary meeting, on\\nMarch 10, 1767. The only actions taken were in regard to the dis-\\nposal of lands and the appointment of a committee to locate a road\\nto connect with the settlements to the eastward, and with Portland,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. 39\\nMe., and to Lower Coos. The record of that riieeting is of such\\nunique character that I am persuaded to give it, as the proprietors\\nrecords, from which it has been previously quoted, are now entirely\\nlost. Only some of the votes passed at that meeting are preserved,\\nand these are as follows\\nVoted: That any person or persons that have rights of land in Lancaster,\\nshall have the liberty to pitch them on any unsettled Land upon his performing the\\nDuty, which is to clear, plow and sow with Rye or Wheat three acres upon each\\nright, and build a house sixteen feet square shall answer for two rights. And if\\nany person or persons clear more land than his proportion upon the laying out of\\nthe Town and lots shall cut them off, shall have the improvements of said land\\nuntil he is paid so much money as two or three indifierent men may judge for the\\nclearing thereof.\\nVoted That the Minister s Lott shall be pitched on the south side of Isreals\\nRiver, in the Meadow at the lower end of the first falls.\\nVoted That Mr. David Page, Mr. Emmons Stockwell. Mr. Edwards Buck-\\nnam, Mr. Timothy Nash, and David Page, Jr., be a committee to Look out and\\nmark the road to Pigwakett or to Andriscogin, or to the first inhabitants, and also\\nto the Lower Coos.\\nVoted To give one good Right of land to the first good Midwife that shall\\ncome and settle in Lancaster on or before the first day of December next.\\nVoted Mr. David Page two hundred acres of land where he shall think\\nproper, not infringing on the Meadow or House lotts, for his building a Smith s\\nShop and keeping tools for the same work.\\nVoted: To give half a Right of land in Lancaster to the first Doctor that shall\\nsettle in Lunneburg or Lancaster within one year from this day.\\nTradition says that at this same meeting the ten rights bought up\\nby Charles Ward Apthorp were located on the Cat-Bow tract.\\nApthorp was a wealthy man and bought up vast tracts of land in many\\nplaces for purposes of speculation. He proved to be a source of\\nmuch trouble to Lancaster, as he bought up thirty-six rights\\nbetween the years 1765 and 1770, at which time he owned a con-\\ntrolling interest in the town and he was not slow to dictate the\\nmanagement of their local affairs. He entertained an antipathy\\ntoward David Page that he dragged into the business management\\nof the town as early as 1771. David Page had mortgaged a farm in\\nPetersham, Mass., to Nathaniel Wheelright, a merchant in Boston,\\nMass., who on retiring from business a short time before his death\\ngave to his nephew. -Charles Ward Apthorp, all his accounts and cer-\\ntain other property. The farm was occupied by Jonathan Grant at\\nthe time David Page removed to Lancaster, but in 1767, Page gave\\nApthorp a deed for the farm, and a dispute arose between him and\\nApthorp over some two hundred dollars of rent due from Grant.\\nApthorp was always hostile to Page, and used every means he could\\nto prevent him from holding any ofifice of importance in the town.\\nApthorp owned at that time the rights that had been allotted to the\\nfollowing persons: David Page, 22 Abram Byam, 50; Reuben", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "40 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nStone, 51; Solomon Wilson, 52; Joseph Stowell, 53; William\\nPage, 54; Silas Bennet, 55; Thomas Shattock, 56; Silas Shat-\\ntock, 58 Ephraim Shattock, 57 Benjamin Man, i Daniel Miles, 2\\nJohn Duncan, 36; Nathaniel Smith, 37; Charles How, 68; Isreal\\nHale, 69; Isreal Hale, Jr., 70; Daniel Hale, 71; William Dagget,\\n72; Isaac Ball, 73 Solomon Fay, 74 Jonathan Death, 33 John\\nSaunders, 34; Elisha Crosby, 67 Luke Lincoln, 66; David Lawson,\\n65 Silas Rice, 40; Thomas Carter, 41 Ephraim Stearns, 59 James\\nReed, 25 Timothy Whitney, 26; Isaac Wood, 31 Nathaniel Rich-\\nardson, 3; John Sawyer, 4; John Rogers, 24; Samuel Marble.\\n35. 36 rights. With this majority of rights, Apthorp domineered\\nthe town, in some important measures for a number of years to the\\npositive detriment of the actual settlers who had come here to make\\nhomes, and sacrified their chances elsewhere and bound up their\\ndestiny with that of the town. Things not going to suit him,\\nApthorp, through his attorney, one W. Molineaux of Boston, Mass.,\\ncalled a meeting of the proprietors in the fall of 1771, and sent\\nEdwards Bucknam the following letter which needs no explanation,\\nas it is written in simple and clear language\\nBoston, Oct. 2ist 1771.\\nMr. Edw ds Bucknam.\\nHaving this day given you my Power of Attorney to vote at the meeting now to\\nbe called by the proprietors of Lancaster, I would have vote agt David Page being\\nchoose into any office with the Proprietors upon a meeting being called that you\\nwould vote for the following officers to be choose viz Emmons Stockvvell, Mod-\\nerator, Edwards Bucknam, Clark Collector, George Wheeler, Assessor, John\\nCross David Page Jr Treasurers. The officers being thus choose, you are to re-\\nconsider all the votes passed on since the 12th March 1771 vote that whereas\\nafter due consideration debate, you find that all such votes that have passed on\\nsince the 12th March 1771, is not only unlawful but detrimental to the Interests\\nsettlement of said Township. David Page Esq having acted arbitrarily\\nagainst the sense of the meeting in consequence of his having a power to appear\\nfor Mr. Apthorp the owner of 36 rites, whose directions he violated to answer his\\nown private purposes therefore voted that all the votes aforesaid since 12th March\\n1 77 1 till this present meeting are and ought to be null, void of no effect. Then\\nyou are to vote that David Page Senr. Esq. immediately deliver up to the new\\ndark all the votes, papers, and books in his possession, if upon refusal to com-\\nply with the vote of the meeting, then it is resolved that said Page be sued forth-\\nwith by the Clark for withholding said papers c for the sum of five hundred\\nPounds lawful money to make good the damage that ensue from the want thereof.\\nThen you are to chose a committee of three to Examine his accounts to see\\nthat he gives credit for all the taxes he has received, and that you have regular and\\nlawful proof of such charges he makes for making roads, surveying c all other\\nwork done according to the votes from the first meeting of the loth March 1767 to\\nthe 12 of the month the day it was dissolved if after examination the committee\\nfind a balance due to the proprietors you are to pass a vote that said Page shall\\npay or cause to be paid the said ballance into the hands of the new Treasurer\\nwithin 20 days in failure of which to be sued for the same immediately when\\nrecovered to be expended in laying out roads, surveying ect that shall be found for\\nthe benefit of the township. Voted that the i6th vote on March loth 1767 that", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. 4I\\nCharles W. Apthorp shall have set oft to him, beginning at the upper part of the\\nCat Bow, running down the River 2 full miles upon a straight line to go so far\\nback towards the rear of the Town as to take in 10 full shares or rites of Land, in\\ngood form Be is now confirmed, Ratified irrevocable and that it is now further\\nvoted, that no Person whatsoever shall have right now or at any time hereafter to\\nPitch upon or occupy any part of 10 rites without the written directions or Power\\nof said Apthorp or his attorney anything to the contrary voted notwithstanding,\\nas it is the opinion of this meeting that it will be for furtherance and better\\nsettlement of the Town that he or his attorney or who they shall suffer to settle\\nthereon have the sole direction thereof. Then voted that this meeting be ad-\\njourned till tomorrow at 10 o-clock A. M. and then to vote that the whole of the\\nforegoing vote be hereby is confirmed ratified irrevocable, then adjourn from\\nmonth to month meeting at each time to do such other business as shall be found\\nnecessary.\\nSir Yr Very Humbl Servt\\nW. Molineaux\\nAttorney to\\nCharles Ward Apthorp.\\nWe have now no source of information concerning such meeting\\nas is. here ordered, or if it actually took place what transpired at it.\\nOf what took place during that year and the following year we can\\nnever know anything definite, as the records were burnt in 1772.\\nWe find, howev^er. that the town records, still in a good state of pre-\\nservation, show nothing of what took place after the meeting March\\n1 1, 1769, which happened to be preserved on a scrap of paper, until\\nMarch 9, 1773, when we have a full record of that meeting, and of\\nevery subsequent one down to the present day.\\nEither nothing w^as done worthy of record, or else it found its only\\nrecord in the proprietors books that are lost. The new book of rec-\\nord that was begun with the meeting of March ii, 1769, contained\\nonly the transactions of the annual meetings for the first few years,\\n^vhich were civil rather than proprietary in character, showing an\\nunmistakable drift from proprietary to a civil control of affairs in the\\ntown. With the controlling power of the proprietary rights in the\\nhands of an absentee, disposed to antagonize the leaders and the in-\\nterests of the actual settlers of the town, it would have been strange\\nif they had not tried to wrest the power of control from their worst\\nadversary. The way was open through the form of local, town gov-\\nernment then prevailing throughout New England for the residents\\nof the town to work themselves out of the coils of a mischievous, ab-\\nsentee, landlord domination of their affairs. In a civil, town meeting\\nthe majority of voters present and participating in that meeting ruled.\\nHere were the advantages of the New England democracy over land-\\nlordism, and the men who came here to found a town were fully im-\\nbued with its spirit. They were mostly from western Massachusetts\\nand Connecticut, where they had learned the advantages of indepen-\\ndence in the management of local affairs, though none the less loyal\\nto the provincial government.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "42 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nIn disregard of Apthorp s wishes and dictation, David Page was\\ncontinued in office and appointed on important committees for many\\nyears and after the records resume the narrative of the civil actions\\nof the people we see nothing more of the domination of Apthorp or\\nhis attorney. The people gradually got control of their own civil\\naffairs and later settled their difficulties with Apthorp in the courts.\\nOnce organized as a civil division of the province of New Hamp-\\nshire, the people applied themselves to the task of developing their\\ntown as rapidly as their meagre means would allow. They elected^\\nfrom time to time as they had need, such civil officers in whom they\\nhad confidence to carry out the wishes of the people as a town rather\\nthan as a proprietary company. By the time of the annual meeting\\nof 1773 foreign domination and landlordism had been utterly up-\\nrooted and the resident voters were in the full control of their local\\naffairs, though their powers were somewhat restricted by the Provin-\\ncial laws of that time. They voted appropriations for such public\\nimprovements as were most urgently needed, and in every way fos-\\ntered the interests of the residents rather than those of the absentee\\nlandholders. As early as June 8th, 1773, they voted an appropria-\\ntion of eighty-six pounds and eight shillings to assist David Page\\nbuild a mill on Indian brook, and sixty-four pounds for roads. In\\nAugust of the same year they voted one hundred and ten pounds for\\nroads, and thirty pounds to assist David Page rebuild his mill, that\\nhad been burnt almost as soon as it was completed. At that meet-\\ning Emmons Stockwell and E.d\\\\vards Bucknam were elected road\\nsurveyors. This office had been filled by David Page and Bucknam^\\nfrom 1769, which is the earliest intimation of its existence.\\nNothing but stern necessity could have led these few men to tax\\nthemselves so heavily as they did during those few first years of the\\nsettlement. Roads and mills w^ere essential things, and must be had\\nat any cost, so they bravely bore the burdens in the hope of future\\nprosperity from their use. Of money they had little, so we soon find\\nthem making their appropriations for all sorts of public enterprises\\nin wheat, when bushels and pecks displaced pounds and shillings in\\nthe computations in those transactions. During the first few years,\\nbeaver, moose, and sable skins were their chief currency but as\\nthese animals were already becoming comparatively scarce to an in-\\ncreased population and wheat was a staple, it became the medium of\\nexchange in their traffic, and even the taxes were paid in wheat. Of\\ncourse the taxes on the roads were invariably worked out by the\\ncitizens at a given amount of wheat for a day s work. Wheat was\\nworth about six shillings at that time and as there was generally a\\npoll tax to the amount of six shillings, and about four shillings allowed\\nfor a day s work, every voter would perform a day and a half of work\\non the roads in addition to the assessments upon their property.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. 45\\nThis arrancfement was not burdensome to the residents who were\\non the ground to work out their tax on the roads but it must have\\nseemed a large tax to the non-resident landholders, whose only inter-\\nest was in holding their lands for a rise in prices, in order to sell them\\nat a profit.\\nIt was not long before the non-resident landholders began to think\\nthemselves unduly taxed for the benefit of the actual settlers, and\\nthey refused to agree to being freely taxed for local improvements,\\nand refused to pay the taxes when assessed upon their lands. There\\ndoes not seem to have been any disposition on the part of the resi-\\ndents of the town to take any unfair advantage of the non-residents.\\nAll their taxes fell equally upon the land and chattels. Of course,\\nfor many years the chattels did not amount to much, as the people\\nwere absorbed in the improvement of their farms and accumulated as\\nlittle personal property as possible until their farms were cleared and\\ngood houses built.\\nFinding it somewhat difificult to collect taxes on the lands of non-\\nresidents, the people went to the general court on petition as early\\nas 1787, asking for the passage of an act allowing them to lay and\\ncollect a tax of three pence on every acre of land (public rights ex-\\ncepted) for one year, and one penny a year for five years, to be used\\nfor the construction of roads, bridges, meeting-house, c, c. In\\ntheir petition they set forth the fact that they had appealed to non-\\nresident land-owners in vain for help in these important improve-\\nments. Their petition was granted by the passage of such an act,\\nand from that time forward the way was clear for raising the means\\nof public improvements.\\nTaxes were levied on the lands, and when not paid after a reason-\\nable time they were sold. Much of the lands of the town were sold\\nat these sales to satisfy the town s claims against them for taxes;\\nand the non-resident land-owners found that their lands did not grow\\nin value as fast as they had hoped for. The collectors were repeat-\\nedly authorized by vote of the citizens in town meetings to sell the\\nlands of the delinquent taxpayers. It was characteristic of those\\ncollectors that they never proceeded against the delinquents without\\nhaving first given them some warning of their purpose and one more\\nchance to settle up and save themselves extra costs. Prior to tax-\\nsales of lands notices like this were sent out, generally printed in the\\nNew Hampshire Gazette, which was read by many people in all\\nparts of New England\\nState New Hampshire,\\nGrafton ss.\\nLancaster.\\nNotice is hereby Given to the Delinquent Proprietors and owners of Land in\\nthe Township of Lancaster Tliat said Proprietors at their meeting held in said", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "44 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntown the 8th Day of June 1773 by adjournment Voted four Dollars on Each\\nRight to Pay David Page Esq. for Rebuilding the Mills in said town and three\\nDollars on Each Right to open and Repair the Roads and at their meeting\\nheld in said town the 26th Day of august 1773, Voted fifteen Pounds to be\\nassest on the Proprietors as their Proportion of opening a Road to the Eastward\\nof the white hills Being four Shillings and three Pence on Each Right and at\\ntheir meeting held in Said town the loth Day of august 1774 by adjournemnt\\nVoted four Dollars on Each Right to be Laid out on the Roads in Said town\\nand Eight Shillings and four Pence more on Each Right to David Page Esqr.\\nto Rebuild the mills in Said town after Being Consumed by fire that unless the\\nDelinquent Proprietors and owners of Lands in the township of Lancaster Pay\\nEach and all the afresaid sums or taxes to me the Subscriber by the first Day of\\nJune Next that their Rights or Shares of Land will be advertised in theNewhamp-\\nshire Gazettee for Sale to Pay Said Taxes with incidental charges\\nEdwards Bucknam, Collector.\\nLancaster. April 20th, 1789.\\nWhile Lancaster was diligentl} making public improvements with\\nthese taxes laid upon her rich acres, she was, like all other New\\nEngland towns, looking after the intellectual and spiritual interests\\nof her citizens. Of equal importance as a bridge over Isreals river\\nwas a meeting-house in which, as they said, to worship that Being\\nto whom we owe our existence. As early as 1786, the town had\\nvoted thirty-two dollars to be expended for preaching at the hands\\nof a committee consisting of Maj. Jonas Wilder, Edwards Bucknam,\\nand Lieut. Emmons Stockwell. During the next six years various\\nsums and amounts of wheat were voted for the purpose of hiring\\npreaching. When paid for in wheat, five bushels was the price for\\na day s preaching. A clay s preaching included two sermons, one\\nof which would occur in the morning, and the other followed an\\nintermission of an hour or more in the middle of the day, during\\nwhich time the people held social intercourse or partook of refresh-\\nments. In 1 79 1, active steps were taken for building a meeting-\\nhouse on the old common on the hill south of Isreals river. This\\nbuilding, fully described in another place, was an imposing structure\\nfor its day, and two years elapsed before its completion. Like all\\nmeeting-houses in New England, those days, it served as a place of\\npublic assemblage for all occasions. The first use we have any\\nknowledge of its being put was for holding the annual town meeting,\\nMarch 11, 1794. The house was then only partially completed. Sev-\\neral ministers were employed for short periods, with long intervals\\nbetween, from 1786 until 1794, when the town voted to unite with\\nthe church in calling the Rev. Joseph Willard, who accepted the call\\nand became the first settled minister of the town. The town\\nassumed the amount of his salary, and for more than a quarter of a\\ncentury paid it. This expenditure the town continued to meet for\\nsome forty ears, when through disaffections and divisions in church.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. 45\\nmany of its members left it to unite with other churches then being\\nformed on the poHcy of a voluntary support of their ministers.\\nJust when the voluntary support of the church began we do not\\nknow, but after the split in the First church over the Trinitarian\\ncontroversy, we find the Orthodox Congregational church appoint-\\ning a committee to solicit money to pay for preaching. This was\\nin 1836. Since that time the town has made no appropriations for\\nany church, and how long before is uncertain. Some trouble was\\nhad in the Rev. Joseph Willard s time in collecting the minister s\\ntax. This term has no real meaning to the ounger generation,\\nalthough some of the older people still call their contributions to the\\nsupport of their churches the minister s tax.\\nLancaster was equally zealous in the matter of education. The\\nfirst schools were, no doubt, private enterprises started by such\\npersons who felt an interest in the education of their own and their\\nneighbor s children. Tradition says that Ruth Stockwell, at a very\\nearly day, taught the children of the settlement in her own house.\\nHer teaching probably only extended to instructions in the alphabet,\\nspelling, and reading, with possibly a little attention given to numbers\\nthe three R s which lay at the root of all learning. I have before\\nme as I write some old letters on the blank margins and backs of\\nwhich Edwards Bucknam s children made their first efforts at the use\\nof the pen. The paper of the time was coarse and porous, making\\nthe writing of the best penmen seem mean.\\nSchools were maintained in both the Stockwell and the Bucknam\\nneighborhoods as early as 1787. The Stockwell neighborhood\\nprobably had a school-house before 1789, when a Mr. Bradley\\ntaught in that section. As early as 1787, the Bucknam neighbor-\\nhood had a school taught by one Burgin from Boston, Mass. He\\nprobably taught in some private house, and may perhaps have\\nmoved about from one house to another as some of the early\\nteachers did in other parts of the town at a much later day.\\nThe earliest public support we have any knowledge of the town\\ngiving for its schools was in 1790. At a special meeting held on\\nDecember 13, 1790, it was voted to raise thirty bushels of wheat\\nincluding what the law directs to be laid out in schooling the present\\nwinter. The province Avas then governed by the laws of 17 19 as\\nregards the matter of school taxation, which was discretionary with\\nthe selectmen. I have not been able to discover any change in that\\nlaw until 1792, under the constitution. In 1789, Massachusetts led\\nall the colonies in the matter of dividing the towns into school dis-\\ntricts. In 1 79 1, New Hampshire towns began to follow that\\nexample, and by 1794, its merits had appealed to Lancaster people\\nso strongly that at the March meeting of that year they appointed a\\ncommittee of nine men to divide the town into school districts.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "46\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nWhat division they made is not known, but whatever it was, it lasted\\nuntil 1 8 14, when a new committee was appointed to redistrict the\\ntown.\\nThe first settlers were intelligent men and women who believed in\\neducation, and not a few of them were scholarly for their times.\\nThey were liberal in the support of their schools, and ingrained in\\ntheir descendants a policy of liberal support for the schools. During\\nthe first century of the town s history, its schools were the best in all\\nthis northern end of the state. Even to-day when statistics show\\nthat illiteracy in the state is on the increase because of a large\\nincrease of foreign-born population, it is decreasing in Lancaster. In\\nmatter of secondary education the town has been comparatively slow.\\nAt a time when it should have had good secondary schools it has\\nhad only tolerable ones, chiefly due to the lack of proper super-\\nvision. The town is not, and never has been, parsimonious in the\\nsupport of its schools.\\nVVhatever defects may have been found in the schools of the town\\nat any time within the past generation have been due to the defective\\nsystem the state imposed upon its people.\\nIn 1798, the school tax for the Bucknam district, or No. 2, was\\nonly $13.55. ^s this is the first school tax I have been able to dis-\\ncover, I give it below, that the taxpayers of to-day may compare it\\nwith their own.\\nSchool Tax of 1 797-1 798.\\nEdwards Bucknam,\\nJohn W. Brackett,\\nJonathan Hartwell,\\nCoffin Moore,\\nMoses Page,\\nEdward Spaulding,\\nJoseph Wilder,\\nPeter White,\\nJohn Weeks,\\nStephen Bucknam,\\nIsaac Purdoe,\\nJoseph Bell, .213 Ashbell Web, -133 $I3-35S-\\nAt the rate Master Burgin taught in that district ten years before,\\nviz. $5 per month and board around, this sum would not fur-\\nnish quite three months of school, whereas Burgin taught six months\\nin 1787. If the schools kept open six months or more in the year\\nthe patrons of them must have found it necessary to raise consider-\\nable funds over and above the school tax.\\nThe first provincial and county tax collected in Lancaster, of\\nwhich we have any knowledge, was collected on a warrant issued\\nDec. 22, 1773, for the amounts of: Province tax, one pound, two\\nshillings, and one pound county tax, lawful money. These taxes\\n.695\\n.212\\nJoseph Brackett,\\nPhineas Hodsdon,\\n993\\n.107\\nWilliam Moore,\\n358\\n.249\\n.742\\nJohn Mclntire,\\nWaiter Philbrook,\\n752\\n194\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2593\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2332\\nWilliam Ayres,\\nNath l White, 3\\n394\\n12\\n.000\\nMathew White,\\n107\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2173\\n.147\\nJeremiah Wilcox,\\nWilliam Ewen,\\n250\\n127\\n.269\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2213\\nElijah Laton,\\nAshbell Web,\\nHonrrl-if I n f li a f rli cfi-irf ff\\n109\\n133", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. 47\\nthe town continued to pay with promptness until about 1787, when\\nit was thought that the tax bills the town received from the govern-\\nment were out of proportion to the advantages they received from\\nthe province, and accordingly they remonstrated with the general\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0court in the form of a petition they made also the medium of a\\nrequest for help in building roads and bridges to connect the new\\ntown with the outside world, especially with the seaports, where\\nthey must purchase their supplies and find a market for their furs\\nand salts of lye, which were about the only articles of trade pro-\\nduced in the settlement up to this time. They were willing to pay\\ntax on the principle that taxes should help and not hinder the\\ngrowth of a community, and they frankly told the government so.\\nIt may seem to us a small matter for the town to pay a few pounds\\na year in taxes, and even cause us to wonder if they did strain a\\npoint in their objections to the burden it imposed upon them. We\\nmust not forget that the general court made provisions to assist the\\noutlying towns to build roads, but Lancaster had never received a\\ncent to help it. The people here were left to their own resour-\\nces; but after a time they literally hewed their way through miles\\nof dense forests, and had bridged, in a primitive way, it is true,\\nsome of the smaller streams, before the state came to their aid at all.\\nThe first relief they got was in the privilege to tax themselves, and\\nrecoup themselves from the persons who should afterward occupy\\nthe lands through which the roads were built. A little later the\\ngovernment adopted the policy of granting the public lands freely in\\nreturn for the building of roads. That method led to an unjust\\nscramble, in which much of the most valuable lands were given for\\nvery poorly constructed roads. This w^as not the relief to Lancaster\\nand the other towns north of it that it was supposed it would be.\\nThe roads so built were generally out of repair in a short time\\nbecause poorly built, and no provisions were made to keep them in\\nrepair. There is, then, little wonder that the poor settlers felt that\\nthey were unduly burdened by what may seem to us a small tax\\nbill. They were getting nothing for it, at most not an adequate and\\njust return of state aid in a task that is now no longer regarded as a\\nlocal matter.\\nAll these experiences tended to develop a spirit of self-reliance\\nand independence in the citizens of the town.\\nLancaster, for purposes of representation in the New Hampshire\\ncongress and house of representatives, was classed with other\\ntowns until 1817, when its population was large enough to entitle it\\nto its own representative. In 1775 the town was represented by\\nCapt. Abijah Larned of Cockburn (now Columbia), who was elected\\nby Apthorp, Lancaster, Northumberland, Stratford, Cockburn,\\nColburn, Conway, Shelburne, and other towns above. The journal", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "48 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nof the house docs not show that Captain Larned, though a good man\\nand warm friend of the upper towns, did anything to further their\\ninterests. During the three following years the same class of towns\\nwere represented by Col. Joseph Whipple of Dartmouth (now Jef-\\nferson). He was a man of means, well known in the older towns of\\nthe province, and fully interested in the development of these new\\ntowns, as he had become a large landholder in Dartmouth. He\\nsecured legislation favorable to the towns in his class and at sub-\\nsequent sessions, for he served as representative five years in all. he\\nsecured assistance in the construction of the road through the White\\nMountain Notch, which was one of the greatest benefits to Lancas-\\nter and neighboring towns for many years.\\nIt was not until 1793, however, that a Lancaster man was elected\\nto the general court. In that year Jonas Wilder, Jr., was elected to\\nrepresent Lancaster, Littleton, Dartmouth, and Dalton. As the class\\nof towns became smaller it gave the representative a greater chance\\nto promote the interest of his own town. In 1796, Col. Richard C.\\nEverett, the first lawyer to settle in the practice of his profession in\\nLancaster was elected to represent the same class of towns. The\\ntown found in him an able servant, one entirely in sympathy with,\\nand fully interested in, the prosperity of the town, for he was already\\nengaged in various enterprises here beside his profession. He was\\na man of considerable means, a recent graduate from Dartmouth\\ncollege, and of an active and pleasing manner. The records of the\\nhouse show that he labored faithfully to bring his town into the\\nfavorable notice of the state. He did much to convince the repre-\\nsentatives of the older towns in the southern portions of the state\\nthat Lancaster was a town with a future and destiny that its inhabi-\\ntants could well feel proud of. The time had not come, however,\\nfor Lancaster to ask and receive the recognition she deserved. For\\nthe whole period of the Revolutionary War, the people of all sec-\\ntions had learned to make sacrifices of their own interests for the\\ncommon good and safety, await the coming of a time of safety and\\nprosperity in which to take up their own interests and problems for\\nadjustment in the forum of politics. The only politics they had\\nknown and practised during that period and trial of their strength\\nagainst one of the strongest nations in all the world, was patriotism,\\na patriotism in which self-interest sunk out of sight in the common\\neffort to promote only the general interests of the whole country.\\nBeginning in 1790, and continuing until 1803, there was a deter-\\nmined effort to induce the general court to erect a new count} out\\nof these northern towns, and to include Conway beyond the White\\nMountains on the east. In 1790 the selectmen of Lancaster and\\nNorthumberland drew up and signed a petition to the general\\ncourt, which convened that year in Concord, praying that these", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN.\\n49\\nnorthern towns, with Conway, be set off into a new county by the\\nname of Coos. In that petition they say\\nThat our located situation in the northern part of the state is such, that it\\nwill be particularly beneficial for us, to have Conway and adjacent towns annexed\\nto us, in the formation of the northerly county in said state, not only on account\\nof the occupancy and improvement of our most advantageous road to seaport, but\\nin order to promote Emigration, and agriculture in this fertile and healthy teri-\\ntory the promotion of which we humbly conceive will be of publick utiHty and\\nthe state to which we owe our allegiance, will receive emolument in proportion to\\nthe opulency of this part of the state.\\nThis petition failed to influence the legislature to take favorable\\naction for the relief of the petitioners although signed by the select-\\nmen of the two towns named above. Edwards Bucknam, Emmons\\nStockwell, and Francis Willson signed it on the part of Lancaster,\\nand Joseph Peverly and Jeremiah Eames signed as selectmen of\\nNorthumberland, and Elijah Hinman and James Brown signed as\\nselectmen for Stratford.\\nThe failure did not discourage the resolute people, for we find\\nthem sending up another petition from Lancaster the next year\\nsigned by forty-seven men, who probably comprised the leading\\ntaxpayers of the town at the time. That petition is so character-\\nistic of the people of the Lancaster of that day that I cannot pass it\\nby, but insert it in full\\nPetition for a New County.\\nTo the Honorable the General Court of the State of New Hampshire\\nThe Petition of the Inhabitants of Lancaster in the County of Grafton, Humbly\\nSheweth,\\nThat Your Petitioners live at the distance of near sixty miles from the nearest\\nshire Town in this County,\\nThat a very considerable part of the Inhabitants of this part of the County live\\nabove us and are under similar disadvantages with us,\\nThat the Roads to Haverhill our nearest shire Town are exceeding bad and at\\nsome seasons of the year unpassable.\\nWherefore we your petitioners pray that we may be seperated from said County\\nof Grafton and made a new County by a line drawn from Connecticut River\\nbetween the Towns of Concord alias Gunthwait and Littleton and on Eastward\\ntaking in the Towns of Conway Eaton c to the Province line so called and we as\\nin duty bound shall ever pray Lancaster Novr. 22nd, 1791.\\nEdwards Bucknam,\\nWilliam Bruce,\\nStephen Wilson,\\nJeremiah Wilcox,\\nEmmons Stockwell,\\nRobert Gotham,\\nFrancis Willson\\nJoseph Bruce\\nJonas Wilder Jr.\\nAsaph Darby\\nJohn Weeks,\\nJohn Hartwell,\\nNathaniel Lovewell,\\nJoseph Wilder,\\nSamuel Johnson,\\nDennis Stanley,\\nIsaac Darby\\nPhinenas Bruce\\nElisha Wilder\\nJohn Rosebrook\\nBradford Sanderson.\\nZadoc Samson.\\nJonathan Ros,\\nDaniel How,\\nDavid Stockwell,\\nDaniel Chany,\\nJohn Wilder\\nJonas Wilder\\nMannassah Wilder\\nCharles Rosebrook", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "50 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJonas Baker Ezra Reves David Page\\nJonathan Cram Benj. Twombly James Twombly\\nEdward Spaulding Walter Philbrook Coffin Moore\\nWm. Moore Moses Page Phiehas Hodgdon\\nJoseph Brackett John Macintire William Johnson\\nEphraim Wilder Abijah Darby.\\n[12 Hammond s Town Papers, 358-359].\\nAll these petitions failed, at the time, to secure this much-\\ndesired object and yet the people of these northern towns never\\ndespaired of some day getting a county formed of this territory\\nthat laid so far from the shire town where all their court business\\nmust be transacted, which at the time was growing to be consid-\\nerable, especially in the probate business, as lands were being\\ntransferred, and estates settled with increasing frequency owing to\\nthe considerable increase in population due in a measure to the\\nincreasing value of their lands after the war, and the remarkable\\nprosperity that began to crown the efforts of the pioneers descen-\\ndants of the first generation after the settlement of the rich Upper\\nCoos Country. Then, too, the same causes operating in other\\nportions of Grafton county as they did here began to crowd the\\ncourts and county offices with a mass of business that made it\\nnecessary to reduce by some means. The people in the northern\\nend of that vast county could see no way to lessen their burdens\\nand expenses but by the creation of a separate county that should\\nbring their own part of that business home. Every argument\\nagainst the project for a new county of the Upper Coos was\\neasily met by a recital of the inconveniences to which the people\\nwere put by being compelled to travel some sixty miles over the\\nworst roads in the country to get a deed or other legal paper\\nrecorded, or to attend courts, which were sometimes so over-\\ncrowded with business as to compel persons attending upon them\\nto remain away from home at unusual expenses a longer time than\\nseemed necessary to transact their business. Indeed it seems the\\nmost reasonable solution of the problem that could have been\\nsuggested that a new county be erected out of the large territory\\nlying about several considerable villages like Lancaster, Littleton,\\nNorthumberland, and Colebrook.\\nThere can be but little doubt that Richard Claire Everett, Lan-\\ncaster s rising young lawyer, had a great influence in determining\\nthe general court to yield to the people s wishes and grant the\\nformation of the prayed-for new county of Coos. At any rate,\\nLancaster probably was the greatest influence in bringing about the\\nformation of the county; and once formed, as it was in 1803, Lan-\\ncaster was the proper place to locate its courts. It was later found\\nnecessary to make Colebrook a shire town with its court sessions for\\nthe better accommodation of the citizens of the county.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. 5 1\\nLancaster has always held a prominent place in the government\\nof the state since 1796, when she sent R. C. Everett as her rep-\\nresentative to the general court. Since then the town has always\\nbeen honored by the election of some of her citizens to honorable\\npositions in the state government. Some of the highest offices\\nin the gift of the state have been accorded to citizens of Lancaster,\\nand many of the most responsible positions of trust have been filled\\nby her citizens without an instance of disloyalty or abuse of a public\\ntrust. Mistaken her citizens have sometimes been, but in purpose\\nthey have been always among the most loyal of the citizenship\\nof the state, patriotic and trustworthy.\\nThe people of the town have never favored severe and coer-\\ncionary measures. Even in the earliest days they did not go as\\nfar as many other towns in carrying into effect the inherited Puri-\\ntanical notions of the more strict among their number. As we have\\nshown, with respect to various public actions, they were capable\\nof originality in the conduct of their town affairs but they did not\\nhold a usage or convention of practice so rigidly that they could\\nnot change it upon finding what to them seemed a better way of\\ndoing the business of the community.\\nLike all towns of that day Lancaster elected tithingmen for some\\nyears but it does not seem that it was an office much called for, or\\nthat ever did any good in the town. The only recorded action of\\nthat functionary, tithingman, is the following complaint against\\nsome persons for traveling on the Sabbath\\nLancaster, ist Aug. 1792.\\nTo Edwards Bucknam Esqr., one of the Justices of the Peace for the County of\\nGrafton in the State of New Hampshire cometh the subscriber and com-\\nplaineth of William Rosebrook Samuel Howe Esq. and wife who did on\\nthe Eighth day of July last being Lord s Day Travel Also\\nHenderson on the twenty-second of sd. July did travel (it being Lord s Day)\\nall said conduct being in open violation of the Law and against the Peace\\nand Dignity of State, therefore in my capacity pray your worshij) that\\nwarrant may issue and the above said persons be delt with as the Law\\nDirects.\\nElisha Wilder, Tithingman.\\n(L. S.).\\nHis worship, Justice Bucknam, issued the following warrant,\\nand upon the back of it is recorded its service but the docket\\nof Bucknam does not show that they were delt with as the law\\ndirects. The reader s attention is called to the clauses in the\\nwarrant following the formal as the law directs, viz. and yics-\\ntice may appertaind.\\nBucknam s warrant was as follows", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "52 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nState of New Hampshire To the Sheriff of the County of Grafton, His\\nGrafton SS. under sheriff of deputy or to eitlier of the Con-\\nstables of the Town of Lancaster\\nGreeting\\nComplaint being made as above In the name of the State of New\\nHampshire you are hereby commanded to apprehend the above named Per-\\nsons, if to be found in your Precinct and him or them safely so that you\\nhave them before me Edwards Bucknam Esq. one of the Justices of the\\nPeace for said County, or some other Justice in said County so that he or\\nthey may be Examined Touching the Premises and Delt with as the Law\\nJustice appertain. Fail not but make due Return of this Writ with your\\nDoings thereon.\\nDated at Lancaster this 20th. Day of August A. D. 1792,\\nEdwards Bucknam, Just. Peace.\\nOn the back of this warrant we find the following entry of\\nservice\\nState of New Hampshire\\nGrafton SS.\\nPursuant to the within precept I have taken the Body of William Rose-\\nbrook and him delivered to the within Magistrate, Edwards Bucknam. Esq.\\nLancaster August 27th, 1792.\\nWm. Moore, Constable, Lancaster.\\nFees, travel ish. 6d.\\nservice i 4\\nWhat disposition was ever made of the case, and whether the\\nother persons mentioned in the warrant were ever taken does not\\nappear from any documents now in existence. Perhaps the Court\\nRecords would have shown the disposition of the case, for hav-\\ning been delivered to the justice of the peace the prisoner cer-\\ntainly had a trial. Although General Bucknam believed in law\\nand order as well as the tithingman, yet we may infer that as the\\ncase did not excite much attention, and as there seem to have been\\nno others that ever got upon his docket, that under the announced\\npurpose to try the defendants according to justice, that justice\\ndecreed that he should be discharged.\\nThe tithingman, Deacon Wilder, as he was called, was an\\naustere man in religion and politics, though in other respects a\\na very worthy sort of man. He talked a great deal about what he\\ncalled a sane religion. Just what that meant no one ever knew,\\nexcept that everything he did believe was sane, and what he did\\nnot believe was opposed to his sane religion. He was equal!}-\\nnarrow and intolerant in politics. He believed in John Adams and\\nAlexander Hamilton implicitly. He declared that if Jefferson was\\nelected president of the United States that all our bibles would be\\nburned and our churches turned into horse-stables; and our sons\\nbe given up to fight the battles of Napoleon Bonaparte.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "ROADS AND BRIDGES. 53\\nA man of short-sightedness, and narrowness of thought, and utter\\nlack of confidence in men and measures with which he did not\\nagree was likely to take a false view of the conduct of men when it\\ndid not correspond with his standards of usage. His opposition\\nseems rather to have been to the different way of conducting one s\\nself on Sunday than against the moral of the fact of traveling on\\nthat day.\\nSo far as we can learn that was the only instance of any effort\\nbeing made to enforce the old Sunday laws against traveling.\\nWith but few exceptions the men of the Lancaster of one hun-\\ndred years ago were too sensible and practical to go back to the\\nold Puritanical laws of the province when under the domination\\nof Massachusetts. There was here no opposition to religion or the\\nchurch and if men took a mild view of their conduct on Sunday,\\nit was from necessity of going contrary to established usages rather\\nthan an evidence of contempt for them.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nROADS AND BRIDGES.\\nRoads to the Cobs Country Road from Haverhill to Lancaster Road\\nFROM Lancaster to Portland Through the White Mountain Notch\\nRoads to Adjacent Towns Roads and Bridges within the\\nBounds of Lancaster Surveyors of Roads Systems of Repairing\\nRoads Keeping Roads Open During Winter.\\nAs early as November 29, 1752, the Provincial Assembly made\\nan appropriation of money to cut a road to Cohos, which, of\\ncourse, meant the Lower Cohos, or Haverhill. This road was\\nprobably cut as a mere bridle-path from Portsmouth to Cohos.\\nIt does not seem that it was a very good road, for as late as 1774\\nCol. John Kurd petitioned the governor to have it improved and\\nmade safe. This was the first attempt at road-making to open up\\nthe Cohos Country and make it accessible to the would-be eager\\nsettlers. That accomplished, still left Lancaster over fifty miles from\\nthe nearest road up to 1770, and that not safe. Haverhill was\\nreached from No. 4 (Charleston) on the ice on the Connecticut\\nriver for all heavy freight until a much later date, as was also Lan-\\ncaster.\\nThere is a tradition that Emmons Stockwell and David Page, Jr.,\\ncut a road from Haverhill in the fall of 1763 on their way to locate\\nin Lancaster; but we must remember that the term road meant, in\\nthose pioneer days, a bridle-path rather than what we would now", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "54 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ncall a road. It is probable that these two young men cut a mere\\nbridle-path, one that could be followed by their friends in the follow-\\ning April. Even that was a big undertaking.\\nIt does not appear that David Page brought with him any kind\\nof vehicles when he drove up twenty head of cattle, and some\\nhorses, with other useful articles, in 1764; and when his daughter\\nRuth came that year it was on horseback.\\nOn December 17, 1763, the assembly passed an act to open a\\nroad from Durham to Cohos [Prov. Papers 6, p. 885]. This action\\nof the assembly indicates a general interest to open up a highway to\\nthis section but the difficulties in the way of these projects were\\ngreat, and even this action amounted to nothing at the time.\\nHaverhill had been settled, and other grants of towns had been\\nmade beyond it, Colebrook, 1710, and Stonington (on territory now\\nheld by Lancaster), 1761. It was urged upon the authorities by\\nthe grantees of these towns that they should have roads built at\\npublic expense, or at least that they be given authority to build the\\nroads at the expense of the holders of lands through which they\\nshould pass.\\nThe assembly acted on a petition from William Moulton and\\nJames Paul for themselves and the inhabitants of Stonington for a\\nroad from Great Cohoss to Moultonborough, October 26, 1768.\\nThis petition had no doubt been encouraged by the passage of an\\nact by the assembly, January 4, 1765, for building roads to Coos,\\nwhich received the governor s signature.\\nIn the early spring of 1768, David Page and others petitioned\\nthe assembly for a road to Upper Coos. The petition was read\\nin the house February 1 1 1 768 and again acted upon February\\n18. [Prov. Papers, 7, pp. 58, 151, 152, 195, 266, 268, 313.]\\nAll these efforts seem to have been in the interest of a road along\\nthe Connecticut river, to connect with Portsmouth, No. 4, and Bos-\\nton. Any road from that direction would have to pass through\\nlong stretches of unsettled country, held chiefly by non-resident\\nlandholders, who were not willing to contribute to the building of\\nroads.\\nThe settlers of Lancaster began to look for an outlet in another\\ndirection. At the first meeting of the proprietors, March 10, 1767,\\nit was voted that David Page, Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Buck-\\nnam, Timothy Nash, and David Page, Jr., be a committee to look\\nout and mark a road to Pigwakett (now Conway), or to the Andris-\\ncogin, or to the first inhabitants, and also to the Lower Coos.\\nThis proposed road through the White Mountains to Portland\\npromised a shorter outlet for communication with a good market\\nthan the one down the river, which the proprietors made a sort of\\nalternation, or second choice of roads. Communication with the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "ROADS AND BRIDGES. 55\\nmarkets of the country must be had and this road was built as far\\nas Pigwakett or the nearest inhabitants, which might have meant\\nfor them a shorter distance than Pigwakett, as the settlements on\\nthat side of the mountains were passing up toward the Notch\\nthrough which it was known an Indian trail had long existed. Port-\\nland was then a small town, but it was a seaport from which the\\nsettlers could get the articles of commerce needed by them, and\\nwhere their products would find sale.\\nThis undertaking certainly was never carried into effect, for the\\nIndian trail through the Notch was not discovered by Timothy\\nNash until the winter of 1771, when by the mere accident of track-\\ning a moose up one of the ravines he chanced to gain the first sight\\nof the famous Notch. The ice on the Connecticut river furnished a\\ngood highway in winter, although there were some elements of risk\\nand danger in that sort of road. The unwary traveler sometimes\\nhappened to drive upon weak spots in the ice and break through\\ninto the water. It is said that Emmons Stockwell on one occasion,\\nwhile riding down the river on the ice, with a heavy roll of furs on\\nhis horse, broke through and narrowly escaped drowning for him-\\nself, losing his horse and his load of furs, worth a large sum.\\nYear after year went by carrying down one after another of the\\nprojects for better roads, with the river as the best highway. In\\nwinter the ice made it a fairly good road and in summer the canoe\\nwas called into. use. For more than twenty years all the settlers\\nabove Haverhill had but little better roads than the savage Indians\\nhad used for centuries. They felt this disadvantage very keenly,\\nand were accustomed to attribute all their failures in the develop-\\nment of the towns to the lack of roads, or the bad conditions of the\\nones they had been able to open in a very feeble way.\\nThe prosperity of the new and remote towns was certainly less\\nthan it would have been if they had been provided with good roads.\\nWith little more than trails and bridle-paths to these remote sec-\\ntions it was difficult to induce new settlers of the more desirable class\\nto come here. Not only was it very difificult to reach these towns,\\nbut when they had produced something to barter for the common\\nnecessities of frontier life it was well-nigh impossible to get it to a\\nmarket during two thirds of the year. To await the freezing of the\\nriver, meant increased inconvenience, if not, indeed, actual suffering.\\nAt the end of the first five years of the settlement of the town\\nthe proprietors were forced to ask for a renewal of the charter, be-\\ncause they had not been able on account of bad roads to induce\\nenough actual settlers to meet the conditions of the grant.\\nEven as late as 1787, when the tax bill was sent for collection the\\npeople felt justified in remonstrating with the general court against\\nwhat they regarded as a burdensome amount, in which they alleged", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "56 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nas a reason of the lack of prosperity the badness of the roads.\\nThey appointed a committee to lay their grievances before the gen-\\neral court. That committee consisted of Jonas Wilder, Edwards\\nBucknam, and Emmons Stockwell. Under date of September 4th,\\n1787, they drew up a respectful and strong petition which was pre-\\nsented to the general court on the second Wednesday of Septem-\\nber, 1787. It reads as follows:\\nTo the Honourable, the Senate and the Hon^ House of Representatives in\\nGeneral Assembly convened on the second Wednesday in September A. D.\\n1787\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe Petition of the Town of Lancaster in the County of Grafton, humbly\\nShevveth\\nThat the inhabitants of said Town labour under many and great inconveni-\\nences, and without that succor and relief which Every infant Country expects from\\nthe Government to which she owes her allegiance, they must remain in but very\\nindignant circumstances and the State not receive that Emolument, that it might\\njustly expect from a Country so fertile as this, when properly peopled. Nothing\\nmore effectually hinders the emigration of inhabitants to this part of the State,\\nthan the badness of our roads, and the want of a convenient place to worship that\\nbeing, to whom all owe their existence. The formation of the town is very pecu-\\nliar, on account of marshes, creeks and large streams and the number of inhabi-\\ntants being very small; consequently the expense of making and mending roads,\\nbuilding bridges, meeting house c must be very great One large stream known\\nby the name of Isreals river, is so formidable where it must be dridged, to accom-\\nidate the travel up and down Connecticut river and likewise the travel to and from\\nPortsmouth (our most advantagious port) that it must cost, at a moderate com-\\nputation, two hundred pounds. The inhabitants have solicited the non-resident\\nlandowners for assistance (many of whom live out of the State) but they have\\nentirely refused\\nYour petitioners are, therefore, necessitated to pray your honors to pass an\\nAct empowering the selectmen of said Lancaster to levey and collect, a tax of\\nthree pence on each acre of land (Public Rights excepted) for the purpose of mak-\\ning roads, building bidges meeting House c. c, and a continuation of one\\npeney on the acre, annually for the term of five years, to be appropriated to the\\naforesaid purposes [State Papers, ii^pp. 178, 182, 188, 339.]\\nThis petition was granted and an act was at once passed author-\\nizing the selectmen to levy and collect a tax that proved a great\\nboon to the town, for within three years one hundred people came\\nto Lancaster, and among whom were many men that proved to be\\nof great service to the new community.\\nThe sum derived from this tax was large enough to enable the\\ntown to begin, and carry out for five years, a systematic effort at\\nopening new roads and putting existing roads in better repair.\\nAt the town-meeting, March ii, 1788, seven pounds and ten\\nshillings were voted to Major Whipple for carrying through the\\nland tax at the General Court.\\nLancaster was not represented in the general court that year,\\nconsequently had to employ Major Whipple to lobby its measure\\nfor it. This law proved to be of very great value to the town, as it.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "ROADS AND BRIDGES. 57\\nat once, began building and repairing its roads, making them pass-\\nable and safe. From 1769, the office of road surveyor had existed,\\nand was filled by the election of such men as David Page, Edwards\\nBucknam, and Dennis Stanley. The annual town-meeting, March\\n9, 1773. voted sixty-eight shillings for repair of roads. A poll-\\nrate of six shillings was voted as a road tax, and an allowance of\\nfour shillings a day for each man in work on the roads.\\nIn 1784, ten pounds were appropriated for the repair of roads.\\nThe next year twenty bushels of wheat were voted to be spent in\\nkeeping the roads open. At the annual town-meeting, February\\n27, 1787, twelve pounds was voted for roads.\\nThese sums were as large as the land tax yielded, but the\\nlatter fell with equal weight upon the non-residents, while the actual\\nsettlers were on the spot to work out the taxes to their advantage.\\nHaving entered into their new schemes for better roads, the\\nsettlers of Lancaster, and other towns above it, found themselves\\nbadly handicapped by the refusal of the non-resident owners of\\nthe lands in Dalton and Littleton, through which they must pass\\nto reach the older settlements, to assist in making roads through\\nthose towns. Having several times failed to induce the cooperation\\nof these landholders to do what seemed their plain duty in the\\nmatter of making roads these upper towns joined in a petition\\nto the general court for the passage of some measure of relief.\\nAccordingly on May 10, 1788, the towns of Lancaster, Northum-\\nberland (formerly Stonington), Stratford, and Percy (now Stark)\\nunited in this petition to the general court:\\nTo the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives: The Inhabi-\\ntants of A Place called Upper Coos that they began settlement at that Place now\\nmore than twenty-three years ago and Ever Since have continued their Settle-\\nment through many Dificulties Especially on account of the badness of the Roads\\nthrough Littleton and Dalton which have never been properly cleared nor bridged\\nby which means wagons or Sleighs pass with the greatest Danger and never more\\nthan half a Load which subjects the inhabitants of said Coos to very Large\\nExpence in transporting necessary foreign articles and others in Removing with\\ntheir families and effects from Connecticut Massachusetts and the Easterly part of\\nNew Hampshire is the same Dificulties which very much Impedes Hinders the\\nSetelment of the towns on Connecticut River c., Lying above said Littleton at\\nDalton. Your Petitioners beg Leave to farther Suggest that the Townships of\\nLittleton and Dalton being owned by only a few Gentelmen and the Towns not\\nvested with Power nor the Inhabitants with ability to Lay out and clear bridge\\nand make Passible said Road through which Your Petitioners must Pass on any\\nBusiness belonging to the Probate, or County matter, wherefore your Petitioners\\nPray your Honors to take their case into your Wise Consideration and order that\\nthe Road be made Passable and kept in good Repair through said Towns of\\nLittleton Dalton to the acceptance of a Committee to be appointed for that\\nPurpose or by some other way as Your Honors Shall see fit and Your Petitioners-\\nwill Ever Pray. 2 Hammond s Towns Papers, 354-355 21 State Papers, 467.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "58 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThis petition was signed on the part of Lancaster by a com-\\nmittee consisting of Jonas Wilder, Amasa Grant, Jonas Baker,\\nJoseph Brackett, Edwards Bucknam, Phineas Hodgdon, Francis\\nWillson, John Weeks, Abijah Darby, Walter Philbrook, Samuel\\nJohnson, Hopestill Jennison, David Page, Emmons Stockwell,\\nEphraim Griggs, William Johnson, and Jonathan Hartwell. An\\nequal array of names from the other towns adorns this forcible\\npetition.\\nJust what disposition the legislature made of this petition is not\\ncertain but I have before me the bills and receipts showing that\\nduring the next few years much work was done on the roads here\\nreferred to. The taxes prayed for in these several petitions were\\nauthorized and laid. Much difficulty was experienced in collecting\\nthem, however and resort had to be had to the advertisement of\\nthe lands of non-residents. The taxes of nearly twenty years before\\nby the action of the proprietors meetings for making roads, build-\\ning bridges, and rebuilding David Page s mill that was burnt, which\\nfell most heavily on non-residents, had been very hard to collect,\\nand even now, after the civil organization of the town, it was no\\neasy matter to levy and collect taxes on the lands of non-residents,\\nalthough sanctioned by act of legislature. In the petitions of\\n1792 and 1793 the petitioners for a special tax on all private lands\\nrequested the legislature to appoint a committee to disburse them\\nin the building of such roads and bridges that it should be found\\nadvisable to undertake for the relief of these distant towns. This\\nfeature was a necessary one, too, from another consideration As\\nthe proposed road was to have passed through the territory of other\\ntowns, it would be necessary for the state to control an undertaking\\nof the kind. These new towns were jealous of their rights, and\\nrespected one another s rights though free to criticise, and often to\\ncondemn the selfishness of their neighbors in not doing what seemed\\ntheir duties in the development of the larger civil unit the state.\\nWhat effect these petitions had upon the legislature is a matter of\\nconjecture rather than history, as the records do not show a final\\ndisposition of them. From the fact that the citizens of Lancaster\\npetitioned the legislature in 1793 for the right to levy and collect a\\ntax of one penny a year for three years on every acre of land in the\\ntown, to build and repair their own roads and bridges, and assist in\\nopening up a road through Whitefieid to Plymouth, it would seem\\nthat their petitions must have met with some discouragements.\\nThis next petition was an important movement on the part of Lan-\\ncaster, in that it was a request on the legislature to allow them to\\nassume a burden, and such it was, that the state was either unable\\nor unwilling to assume. It was not so polished and clear in style as\\nsome other petitions that Lancaster has sent to the general court.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "ROADS AND BRIDGES. 59\\nbut it pressed an urgent demand for relief from a condition of affairs\\nthat was retarding the development of the town. It set forth,\\nThat the said town of Lancaster is such that the public Road leading through\\nsaid town on Connecticutt River is upwards of ten Miles in Length and is\\nattended with many Creeks, vales, and .Streams that leads into said River, where\\nBridges and Casways are needed to be built, and the Road leading through said\\ntown up Isreals River towards Conway is attended with the like Impediments\\nand that one other Road is much wanted to be opened through the Center\\nof said town from Connecticutt River leading a Corse through said town and\\nWhitefield and on to Thornton and Plymouth which road if opened would shorten\\nthe Distance from Lancaster to Plymouth about thirty miles which road will in all\\nprobability be opened in said town the ensuing year The Inhabitants of said\\ntown being but small in Numbers, having the season past erected a large Meeting\\nhouse and are loaded with great expense for the same, their Roads c the major\\npart of the Proprietors and land owners of said town live at New York and out of\\nthis State and are unwilling to assist the inhabitants of said town in their Bur-\\nthensome matters altho, they are as much benefitted thereby in the Rise of\\ntheir lands as the Inhabitants of said Town Therefore Your Petitioners pray\\nYours Honors would make a Grant of three pence on Each and Every acre\\nof land in said Town viz. one penny each year the three next Succeeding\\nYears and appoint a Committee to ley and Collect the same and apply it in Open-\\ning the New and Repairing the other Roads and Bridges in said Town.\\nEdwards Bucknam ^^^^^j^^^^ ^^^^j^\\nEmmons Stockwell S ^f Lancaster.\\nJonas Baker j\\nDecember ye 21 st. 1793.\\nI find by reference to the town records that at a legal meeting of\\nthe town, November 22, 1793, Col. Edwards Bucknam, Capt. John\\nWeeks, and Jonas Baker were appointed a committee to draw up\\nthis petition; and Bucknam, Stockwell, and Baker were appointed a\\ncommittee to sign it on behalf of the town. Also, that Col.\\nEdwards Bucknam was voted the town s agent in the matter of the\\npresentation of the petition. This formal, legal action no doubt\\nseemed necessary on account of the failure of the petition of 1792,\\nwhich was signed by the twenty-eight following citizens:\\nFortunatus Eager, John Rosebrook, Jun., Charles Rosebrook,\\nJonas Wilder, William Bruce, Titus O. Brown, Jonathan Cram, John\\nHolms, Elisha Wilder, Phineas Bruce, John Rosebrook, Emmons\\nStockwell, Joseph Wilder, Asahel Bigelow, Nathan Lovewell, Benja-\\nmin Orr, David Stockwell, Moses Page, Dennis Stanley, William\\nMoore, David Page, Abijah Darby, Joseph Brackett, Walter Phil-\\nbrook, Jonas Baker, Edward Spaulding, William Johnson, Cofifin\\nMoore.\\nThis measure seems to have been as fruitless of good results as pre-\\nceding ones to get the road to Haverhill put into passable and safe\\ncondition. It was very natural that the inhabitants of Lancaster\\n12 Hammond s Town Papers, 360-361.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "6o HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nshould prefer a good road to Portsmouth, and the lower towns\\nthrough Haverhill. Their old homes and early association were in\\nthat direction. They had come hither over paths leading through\\nthat territory. This town was in Grafton county with the public\\nofhces and courts located at Haverhill. All their legal business had\\nto be transacted there. There were, for a considerable length of time,\\nno magistrates in Lancaster neither were there any lawyers located\\nhere to attend to their legal business or give council during the first\\nthirty years after the settlement of the town. Edwards Bucknam,\\nuniversal genius that he was, was the first justice of the peace in\\nLancaster. He received his appointment to that ofhce about 1792.\\nThese inconveniences harassed the people for many years, driving\\nthem at last to seek relief in the division of Grafton county and the\\nformation of a new county by the name of Coos, alleging always as\\none of the chief reasons for such action the bad roads and the incon-\\nvenience of traveling over them for all their legal business which\\nincreased with the growth of population.\\nMeanwhile the road to Pigwaket had been constructed, and the\\ntide of emigration from the sea-board towns began to fiow through\\nthe White Mountain Notch. As early as 1773, Nash and Sawyer s\\nlocation was granted for building roads through that tract of land.\\nCol. Joseph Whipple and Samuel Hart of Portsmoiith settled in Jef-\\nferson, then called Dartmouth, about 1773. From that time on, the\\nNotch road was steadily improved. In 1786, the legislature was\\npetitioned to appoint a committee to sell land about the mountains,\\nand use the money thus raised to repair the road through the Notch.\\nThat petition set forth that the road was badly out of repair from the\\neffect of a recent freshet. Such a committee was appointed, and did\\nsell large tracts of land from time to time, and expended the revenue\\nthus raised in repairing this important road. That committee was\\nin active existence for a period of ten years, when it settled accounts\\nand got discharged. The committee and its friends got most of the\\nlands and the public a very poor road.\\nTradition says that the first article brought through this Notch\\nroad to Lancaster was a hogshead of rum; and that the first article\\nshipped from Lancaster through the Notch was a quantity of tobacco\\nraised by Titus O. Brown, then a farmer on Great brook, and later a\\nmerchant or trader in the village. That was in the fall of 1773.\\nThis road continued to be Lancaster s best road to market until the\\ncoming of the railroads so near as to open up other outlets. In\\n1803, a charter for a turnpike through the Notch was granted by the\\nlegislature and at once built. This gave a good road through the\\nsection hitherto so difficult to keep in repair. Soon after the build-\\ning of this turnpike, one was built through Jefferson to connect with\\nit at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. It began at the point where", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "ROADS AND BRIDGES. 6 1\\nthe Whitefield road branches from the Jefferson road near the home\\nof the late Edward Howe, and ran southeasterly by the Whipple\\nplace over a spur of Cherry mountain to the Rosebrook place. It\\nwas a \\\\vell-built road, and gave Lancaster an easy passage of the\\nmountain section to Portland. After the great freshet of August,\\n1826, which completely destroyed some sections of the turnpike\\nthrough the Notch, its proprietors abandoned it, and the Jefferson\\nturnpike soon fell into ruin and was abandoned.\\nThe building of a turnpike on the line of the old Cohos road\\nfrom Plymouth to Haverhill in 1808, together with the advent of the\\nstage coach soon after that event, did much to awaken the interest of\\nLancaster people in the old roads south. Meanwhile the towns of\\nDalton, Whitefield, Littleton, Lyman, and Bath to the .south were\\nbeing settled rapidly and a local interest in good roads coming to\\nexist in so many sections along the old trail over which the first set-\\ntlers came, that it began to be improved all along the line.\\nConcord was then becoming a place of considerable importance.\\nIt had become the permanent capital of the state, besides having\\nbeen favored by the sitting there of thirty-two of the sixty-one ses-\\nsions of the legislature prior to 1808, when it became the permanent\\ncapital of the state. Lancaster, before that time, had become one\\nof the most important communities of northern New Hampshire.\\nIts citizens took an active interest in political matters, and had busi-\\nness of importance in the higher courts, which drew them to the\\ncapital. The settlement of the towns north of Lancaster, and the\\n\u00c2\u00abarly development of the lumber and dairy interests in addition to\\nthe considerable agricultural and mercantile interests that existed,\\nrequired good roads and rapid communication with the larger\\ncentres of trade and industry.\\nIt will thus be seen that not the actual necessity and resolute de-\\ntermination of the early settlers, but later and more remote causes\\nled to the development of the roads. Neither the state nor the town\\ncould afford to build good roads in the earliest period of the history\\nof the town. As we have seen, generous sums were appropriated\\nby the town for roads but the largest expenditure they could afford\\nto make would not go far in making, or even mending, roads. It\\ntook a period of more than two generations to reach a point at\\nwhich road-making could be put on anything approaching a\\nscientific basis. So desirable an end has not yet been reached,\\nbut is one of the possible things in the near future now that the\\ntown owns modern, improved road machinery.\\nAs settlements were made on the Vermont side of the river soon\\nafter Lancaster was settled there soon came the demand for some\\nmeans of crossing the river. To build bridges was out of the\\nquestion, so ferries were provided. About 1790 some interest was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "62 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nmanifested in ferries, and the legislature was applied to for charters\\nfor them. In 1792 there were three of them chartered and in\\noperation within the limits of the town. Uriel Rosebrook had the\\nfirst one, located at the south line of the Dennis Stanley farm, now\\nowned by Capt. A. M. Beattie. Just how long he operated it, and\\nhow profitable it was we do not know, but it may be inferred that it\\npaid a good return, for very soon Rosebrook had competition in\\nthe business. John Weeks procured a charter for a ferry, and con-\\nducted one about thirty rods above Union bridge at South Lan-\\ncaster. Neither history nor tradition can enlighten us very much\\nupon the success or period of duration of this ferry. About the\\ntime these two ferries were started a movement was set on foot to\\ntake out a charter for one to be owned by the town. A petition to\\nthat effect was laid before the legislature praying for a charter in\\nthe name of the town but the legislature refused to grant one.\\nWhether opposed to towns holding such franchises or the indi-\\nviduals owning the other ferries, convinced that body that no need\\nexisted for another competitor is not known. The journal of the\\nhouse shows that the petition was seriously considered several times\\nbefore a committee and reported unfavorably to that body.\\nAbout the time this charter was refused the legislature granted\\none to Maj. Jonas Wilder. He located his ferry on his own farm,\\nnow known as the Holton farm. This ferry existed for a period\\nof some ten years, and was in operation when the Lancaster Bridge\\ncompany was formed in 1804. Although Major Wilder was an\\nenterprising, public-spirited man, we do not find his name, nor that\\nof John Weeks, on the list of original stockholders in that remark-\\nable enterprise. Uriel Rosebrook, whose ferry was already declin-\\ning in its earning power, took one share of stock in the Bridge\\ncompany. The distance of Weeks s ferry from the bridge, and the\\nfact that at that time the Bucknam neighborhood was almost as\\npopulous and important as that where the Pages and Stockwells\\nlived, may have enabled that ferry to continue doing a good busi-\\nness for some years later than its rivals.\\nThe earliest setUers for many years forded Isreals river in summer\\nand crossed it on the ice in winter. The place where the new iron\\nbridge now crosses it on Main street was known as the fording-\\nplace, and is so referred to in very early documents. After a time,\\nbut just when we do not know, Emmons Stockwell built a bridge at\\nthis old fording-place.\\nIn their petition for authority to levy and collect a tax of three\\npence per acre on all lands (public lands excepted), and a continua-\\ntion of one penny per acre for a term of five years, the petitioners\\nname as the objects upon which it was to be spent, roads, bridges,\\nand meeting-house. That petition of 1787 was favored by the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "ROADS AND BRIDGES. 63\\npassage of an act giving to the town the right prayed for. Such a\\ntax was levied and collected in part; and it is fair to presume that\\nas Isreals river was the only stream of any magnitude in the town, it\\nwas bridged by the use of that tax. It was probably about 1 790\\nthat Stockwell built the first bridge, of which we have no descrip-\\ntion whatever. Tradition has preserved the story of Stockwell\\nbeing the first person to cross his bridge, but whether on foot or in\\nsome vehicle, no one seems to know. The right to cross the new\\nbridge first was sold at auction, and Stockwell bid it off for five\\ngallons of brandy, which must have cost him a handsome sum, for I\\nfind by reference to old accounts of that year that brandy cost\\nforty-two shillings a gallon. Tradition does not say what became\\nof the brandy, but it may be presumed that the jolly crowd dis-\\nposed of it in celebrating the event. This old bridge took the\\nname of its builder at a very early date, for we find it referred to as\\nStockwell s bridge in a contract between a committee appointed\\nto let the mill privileges of the river in 1792 and Emmons Stock-\\nwell, the original of which I have before me.\\nThis old bridge served until 1805, when it was pulled down,\\nand another of a better design took its place. At a special town\\nmeeting held July 6, 1804, a committee consisting of Richard C.\\nEverett, Jonathan Twombly and Levi Willard recommended a plan\\nfor building a bridge over Isreals river, which report was adopted,\\nand a committee consisting of Richard C. Everett, John Moore, and\\nNathaniel White, were appointed to superintend the construction of\\nthis bridge.\\nThe committee procured the materials, and had everything in\\nreadiness by the following spring, when it was voted at the annual\\nmeeting in March to pull down the old bridge, and make a tempo-\\nrary one of its timbers, to be used while the new one was being\\nbuilt. In that vote it was stipulated that this work was to be done\\nat no expense to the town except for liquor for the men invited to\\npull down the old bridge by what is called a Bee. Of the Bee\\nwe know positively nothing, as it was never made a matter of record\\nbut we may safely presume that any man, in those days, would have\\nconsidered it an honor to be invited to participate in such an enter-\\nprise. The liquor, of course, was used as the stuff now is, as a safe-\\nguard against sickness from contact with the water, or as a stimulant\\nto fit them for the excessive fatigue from such heavy work. It may\\nreasonably be doubted that the free liquor was intended as a com-\\npensation, or to induce men to perform a severe and dangerous\\ntask at a cheap rate. Lancaster had some old topers at that\\ntime, but they would hardly be invited to so dangerous and heavy a\\nservice. Liquor was freely used by nearly everybody those days,\\nand especially at gatherings like house-raisings, and Bees of all", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "64 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nsorts. The town could not be expected to be less hospitable and\\ngenerous than its individual citizens. This practice of giving liquor\\non such occasions was general throughout the country at that time,\\nand continued down to within a few decades. Happily, however,\\nwith improved methods of doing such work, and the growth of bet-\\nter sentiments and public opinion, those practices have passed away.\\nThis second bridge was a well-built one that served its purpose\\nuntil 1837. It was replaced by an uncovered structure of hewn\\ntimbers resting on strong stone abutments, with one pier in the\\nmiddle of the stream, and green posts supporting the double spans\\nof heavy sills. The grade of Main street, on both sides of the river,\\nwas then much lower than at the present time. The height of the\\nbridge was very nearly as great as that of the iron bridge of the\\npresent time, and was reached by long, and rather steep, graded\\napproaches on both sides.\\nIn 1848, this one gave place to another wooden bridge, with\\nlatticed sides, about six feet high. These two bridges were along\\nthe line of improvement in bridge architecture, but they had to\\ngive way to the covered bridge, which made its appearance about\\nforty years ago.\\nAt the annual town meeting in 1862, steps were taken to erect a\\ncovered bridge on the same site of these previous uncovered ones.\\nAll preparations being made, and the material for the new structure\\nbeing ready for its erection as soon as the old one could be pulled\\ndown, work began on its demolition, October 2, 1862; and by\\nNovember i8th, teams were passing over the new bridge, which\\nwas not completed, however, for some weeks later.\\nThis bridge was by far the best that had ever been thrown\\nacross Isreals river. It had a double track for teams, and two side-\\nwalks. The people felt a pardonable pride in their covered bridge.\\nThey had a bridge of the regulation style, for at that time a covered\\nwooden bridge was considered the best thing in that line. This\\nbridge was doomed to meet a fate, however, that none of the poorer\\nold structures before it had ever met.\\nIn 1886, there was a heavy freshet when the ice went out of the\\nriver. An ice gorge formed at the head of the dam of Frank Smith\\nCo. s mill, and forced a large stream of water down Mechanic\\nstreet, which broke over the banks just above the bridge, and car-\\nried the two-story door, sash, and blind factory of N. B. Wilson\\nSon, standing above the bridge on the south side of the river, out\\ninto the stream, and against the bridge, damaging it so much that a\\nnew one became necessary. By this time the art of bridge-building\\nhad been so developed as to have abandoned wooden bridges for\\niron and steel ones, on account of the many advantages of the latter\\nkinds over the wooden structures.", "height": "3415", "width": "2127", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Flood, Israels River, February, 1870. American House and Ice Freshet, 187c\\nIce Freshet, 1870.", "height": "3415", "width": "2127", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "ROADS AND BRIDGES. 65\\nThe people having become aware that to build more wooden\\nbridges over this stream, so liable to excessive rise from the more\\nrapid drainage of a section of country nearly divested of its forests,\\nw as unwise, and liable in the long run to be more expensive,\\ndecided upon a steel bridge. The contract for it was let to the\\nBoston Bridge Company. Work was begun on it at once, and the\\nbridge was open to the passage of teams in a very short time. This\\nproved a wise choice as to the architecture of the bridge, for it did\\naway with the unsightly covered structures formerly in use. The\\nnew bridge was entirely satisfactory, and even an ornament to the\\nvillage, and what was better still, the people felt safe as to its future.\\nBut, alas a sad disappointment was in store for the town. In the\\nspring of 1895, when the ice went out of the river, a dam in Jeffer-\\nson broke letting into a very much swollen stream 700,000 feet\\nof logs, which added to a vast quantity of ice came rushing down,\\ncarrying everything before it. When this mass of ice and logs\\nreached the dam of Frank Smith Co. s mills where they had about\\n500,000 feet of logs, and where an equally large quantity of ice had\\naccumulated their boom broke leaving this entire mass of ice and\\nlogs to pass over their dam in one of the wildest scenes of confu-\\nsion the village ever witnessed, the bridge with all its Herculean\\nstrength of steel could not resist the strain upon it, which was not\\nonly against its side but upward, lifting it bodily off the abutments\\nand carrying it some eighty rods down the stream upon the mass of\\nlogs, where it was dropped a distorted and dilapidated mass.\\nThe selectmen at once set about the task of building a foot-bridge\\nof the pontoon style of architecture above the dam by which travel\\nwas only impeded for a half day. The Mechanic street bridge re-\\nceived no serious injury in consequence of its great height above the\\nwater, and was available for teams at the risk of those who cared to\\nuse it.\\nIt was decided by the selectmen to use such portions of the steel\\nbridge as were not too badly damaged in its reconstruction, which\\nwas undertaken at once. The Boston Bridge Company again took\\nthe contract on the work, supplying such new portions as were\\nnecessary to a good bridge. The structure was completed in\\nAugust at a very moderate sum. The reconstructed bridge was\\nraised nearly two feet higher than it was in 1895, the ap-\\nproaches graded up, making a slight increase in the grade, and\\nyet not materially affecting the appearance of either street or bridge.\\nThis bridge has a double track, and two sidewalks. It seems well\\nadapted to meet the requirements of the community and so far as\\nhuman wisdom can forecast the future it may be expected to stand\\nuntil worn out by use and the ravages of time.\\nThe river, however, has become very much changed in character\\n6", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "66 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nfrom the denudation of the country of its timbers, and through the\\ndrainage of a number of swamps that served in early times as a sort\\nof check upon the river by holding portions of the surface water\\nback to run off more slowly. At present when the snows of winter\\ngo off, and the ice breaks up, if it happens to be accompanied by\\nrain the streams become rapidly and greatly swollen, by which all\\nbridges are endangered. This condition of things is likely to grow\\nworse rather than better as time goes by. It has become necessary\\nfor the protection of property to raise the banks by the addition of\\nstone walls of rubble at several points within the village limits.\\nThe Mechanic Street Bridge. In early days a wooden bridge\\nwas built over Isreals river on Mechanic street. It was a single-\\nspan, wooden structure that served its purpose well until 1862,\\nwhen it became unsafe, and was replaced by the present one. This\\nbridge has rendered good service, aud although it sustained some\\ninjury from the great freshet of Feb. 18, 1870, remains serviceable\\nyet.\\nThere are a few small bridges in various parts of the town, mainly\\nover very small streams, which are substantial and meet all demands\\nupon them in a satisfactory manner, and little need be said of them\\nhere.\\nTHE LOCAL ROADS.\\nFor the first three decades after the settlement of the town the\\nroads were marked by committees of the proprietors, and built by\\nassessments on proprietary rights in the town lands. The history\\nof the very earliest roads, during the proprietary period of the set-\\ntlement, is obscure, a mere matter of tradition, due to the loss of the\\nproprietors records in the court house fire of 1886.\\nFrom 1792, down to the present day, the records of laying out,\\nchanging, or abandoning of roads are complete, and preserved in\\nthe Town Records. The earliest record of any highway we have,\\nthen, is that of the road from Stockwell s bridge to Colonel Wild-\\ner s mills on the north side of Isreals river, a distance of seventy-two\\nrods, the width of which was three rods. Most of the\\nprincipal roads of the town were laid out by the selectmen\\nin 1795, and full records of them are to be found entered\\nupon the Town Records. The roads back from the rivers have\\nbeen much changed from their first locations. They formerly ran\\nover the higher grounds for the sake of escaping the wet lands on\\nthe levels. These roads were laid for the convenience of the new\\ncomers who invariably settled on the high lands back from the rivers\\nto escape the early frosts, and because the soil is equally pro-\\nductive.\\nThe road to Dalton, Main street, and North Main street remain", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "THE LOCAL ROADS. 6/\\nto-day where they were first laid out. All others have changed\\nmore or less.\\nThe road to Northumberland was from the head of Main street, by\\nNorth Main street, past the house of E. B. Stockwell, following the\\nriver bank, thence to the Stanley house along the bank of the river,\\nuntil it united with the present road near the Hadlock place.\\nThe first road east was a continuation of the road from Stock-\\nwell s bridge to Colonel Whipple s mills, to beyond the top of the\\nhill about twenty rods back of the Plummer Moody house, thence\\npassing over Sugar Hill to the bridge over Great Brook and on to the\\neastern settlement. A branch of this road extended past the Faulk-\\nner and Crandall places, over the hill, joining the Jefferson road near\\nthe George W. Webster place. In passing through Jefferson it ran\\ntwenty rods east of the present highway from the Samuel Marden\\nhouse, and high above the Waumbek House, crossing Stag Hollow\\nbrook a mile above the present bridge across that stream. The road\\nfrom Lancaster to Whipple Meadows ran from Stockwell s bridge\\nalong the south bank of the river. At an early date it was changed\\nfrom near the old meeting-house and ran south of the present road\\nto near the Jefferson mills. Old and rotten corduroy, sunk in the\\nmud, marked the course of these old highways until within a very\\nfew years.\\nThe old road toward Whitefield has been changed from about\\nthree quarters of a mile south of Stockwell s Bridge to near where\\nthe old red schoolhouse stood in old District No. 8. This old\\nroad reached some noted old homesteads. Some fifty rods be-\\nyond General W^illson s, the James Boutwell place by the\\ncold spring, Isaac Darby, noted bear hunter, miller, and gun-\\nsmith, lived, and reared a large and respectable family. A mile\\nbeyond, -and near the cross-road to the Richard Eastman farm,\\nwas the Levi Willard farm, afterward owned by Asa Wesson. Levi\\nWillard was one of the most prominent men in town in his day.\\nHe was sheriff of the county of Coos for the first seven years after\\nit was erected. He held other responsible positions and offices.\\nSome forty rods farther on was the farm of Jonathan Twombley,\\nand later of his son Elijah D. Twombley. Thirty rods farther on\\nwas the farm of Esquire Joseph Farnham, later occupied by William\\nElliot. At the height of land was the home of David Perkins, later\\nof Ephraim Leighton. There were at that time six large and valua-\\nble farms with good buildings, of which to-day not a vestige\\nremains, unless it be an old dilapidated barn on the Willard farm.\\nThose early roads were rude highways, crooked, and almost\\nwholly undrained. The small streams and boggy places were\\ncrossed by corduroy, made by laying timbers lengthwise of the road,\\nsix or seven feet apart, covered with cross-timbers, usually round", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "68 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\npoles, some eight feet long. These primitive highways answered\\nthe wants of the people quite well as they used only ox-carts and a\\nlumbering sort of two-horse wagon, a two-wheeled vehicle.\\nThose primitive roads continued to serve their purpose until the\\nadvent of the four-wheeled vehicles, which was in 1822. Imme-\\ndiately the habit of horse-back riding, and the stately old chaise\\nbegan to give place to the one-horse, four-wheeled wagon, with a\\ncrooked frame firmly bolted to its wooden axles. It is claimed by\\nAlonzo P. Freeman that Dr. Lyman brought the first four-wheeled\\nwagon to Lancaster, and he says he remembers it distinctly with its\\nwooden springs. It excited no little curiosity on the streets, and\\nw ell it might. The innovation was as great as the modern horseless\\ncarriages of to-day. Dr. Lyman is said to have procured his\\nfamous wagon in Connecticut. He was himself from that state, as\\nwere many other prominent men ho came to Lancaster. The\\nnext vehicle was one with wooden springs, and regarded as a great\\nimprovement on the original wagon. Nothing but chaises until\\n1854, when Wallace Lindsey bought the first four-wheel buggy or\\nphaeton. Not long afterward, however, the real covered buggy\\nmade its appearance, since which the vehicles in use have been fully\\nup to date with the progress in construction. The most important\\nvehicle, the one to compel better roads, was the stage coach. When\\ntravel began to demand more rapid progress, and more comfort\\nthan the primitive means would furnish, this grand vehicle made its\\nappearance, and once on the roads they had to be kept in good\\ncondition to insure dispatch and ease.\\nAnother incentive to road-building was the unparalleled pros-\\nperity of this section from 1 790 to 1 800. The farms produced as\\nthey never had before, and some other commodities were produced,\\nall demanding better roads to the markets.\\nThe territory of the town was at an early day divided into high-\\nway districts, and a surveyor of roads, was annually elected over\\neach one. The system was a very satisfactory one in some respects,\\nthough it failed for lack of uniformity of method in road work.\\nThere was no sufificient supervision, and sooner or later every sur-\\nveyor was working on his differing plans, giving good roads, it is\\ntrue, in some districts, while in others the roads were poor. If one\\nsurveyor did good work during his term of offtce the next one to suc-\\nceed him might undo it all or do little or nothing to sustain what\\nhad been well built. Even a much-increased highway tax did not\\nguarantee good roads. They were a disgrace to the town after a\\ntime, and later became actually unsafe to travel. This state of\\nthings lasted until 1886, when the town made the radical change of\\nemploying a superintendent to have charge of all the road work,\\nrequiring him to give bonds for the faithful performance of his duties", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 69\\nand the expenditure of the pubhc moneys raised for repair of roads.\\nThe result in a single season fully justified the change, for the con-\\ndition of the roads bore no comparison to what they had been for\\nmany years previous. The stones were removed, and the old\\nwater-bars on the hills, that had been a nuisance for a whole\\ngeneration, were done away with, and seventy out of the eighty-two\\nmiles of roads in the town were put in good condition, and have so\\nremained to this date. The roads are now entirely safe, and of easy\\ngrades, and wider of track. The cost of repairing roads has been\\nreduced fully forty per cent, by the new system, with the result of\\nmaking better roads every year.\\nIn 1884, the town procured a Victor road machine, and in May\\ngave it a thorough and satisfactory trial, after which it purchased\\nthe machine.\\nThis new method of road-working has proven a great advantage\\nto the town, both in point of economy and better roads. It has\\nenabled the repair of roads to be reduced to a system under a com-\\npetent head. The road agents are now engaged with reference to\\ntheir knowledge of the business of road repairing; and as very\\nmany less of them are necessary under the new system than under\\nthe old, one man is not undoing one year what his predecessor did\\nthe year before. Permanent improvements are added every year\\nno matter who the agents may be and so in time a good result is\\nseen in the cumulative efforts of the agents.\\nIn 1893 the town invested in a second road machine.\\nThese machines do more work now in one day than was often\\ndone by a large crew of men in a week under the old methods.\\nIn 1892 the town bought a stone-crusher, since which time there\\nhave been several of the streets, most notable Elm and South Main\\nstreets, macadamized. Sidewalks of crushed stone have been some-\\nwhat in use, although the tendency has been in favor of concrete\\nwalks, and every year there are additions to the amount of that kind\\nof walks made in the villag-e.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nTHE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.\\nFrom the settlement of the town to the breaking out of the War\\nof the Revolution the population had not probably reached four-\\nscore souls all told. A census taken, by order of Gov. John Went-\\nworth, in 1773 gave the following numbers:", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "^o\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nUnmarried men from i6 to 60\\n3-\\nMarried men from 16 to 60\\n6.\\nBoys 16 and under\\n8.\\nFemales unmarried\\n10.\\nFemales married\\n7-\\nWidows\\nI.\\nSlaves\\n0.\\nWhen the war-shadows had begun to gather, the new govern-\\nment ordered another census taken; and this time, 1775, we find\\na considerable increase for the last two preceding years. This\\ncensus taken by Edwards Bucknam, as one of the selectmen, shows\\nas follows\\nNo of souls in Lancaster Sept. 22, 1775\\nMales under 16\\nMales from 16 to 50 not in the army\\nMales above 50 gone in the army\\nFemales\\nNegros Slaves for life\\n8 guns fit for use, 7 guns wanted, and 11 lbs poder wanted.\\n15-\\n2.\\n27.\\noo.:=:6l\\nAlthough the number of people here was not large, and the\\ncountry was an immense, little-known region, yet there were in it\\nhomes that meant everything to the little band of brave men who\\nhad endured so much to create them. Their future was full of\\npromise, and already they had begun to make plans for the welfare\\nof their children. They loved their rich acres whether cleared or\\nbending beneath the burdens of their forests. They were hardy\\nand intelligent rnen who had tasted the sweets of prosperity, liberty,\\nand social life before coming to this wilderness to found an Ameri-\\ncan town. They were men and women with a purpose, and among\\nother things that purpose included the intention to develop here\\na typical New England township, not apart from their former neigh-\\nbors but with them. They fully shared with the people of Massa-\\nchusetts and Connecticut, from which states many of them had\\ncome, the pride and love of independence. They despised tyranny,\\nas we have seen, and did not hesitate to debate their civil relations\\nand questions with the governor and the general court when they\\nfelt that they had been dealt with unwisely or unfairly. They had\\nsacrificed and endured much in order to protect their homes against\\nthe French and Indians, and now when a new combination of\\nenemies of their safety had been formed, and a price put upon their\\nscalps and bodies, they were not going to flinch, though some of\\nthose enemies were of their own race and country. They had no\\nuse for kings and foreign governments for they had learned to govern\\nthemselves in their own town meetings and provincial congress,\\nwhich latter body, composed of one hundred and thirty-three mem-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 7 1\\nbers sent by one hundred and two towns, had dismissed the king s\\ngovernor and council, together with many other civil officers.\\nThe provincial government had forced upon these men a military\\ntraining and provisions that made them formidable soldiers. That\\nthe men of every town might be useful in an emergency the laws\\nhad required every town to provide every male inhabitant, from\\nsixteen years old to sixty, with a musket and bayonet, knapsack,\\ncartridge box, one pound of powder, twenty bullets, and twelve\\nflints. Every town was required to keep in readiness one barrel of\\npowder, two hundred pounds of lead, and three hundred flints for\\nevery sixty men besides a quantity of arms and ammunition for\\npersons not able to supply themselves. This provision the new\\ngovernment sought to carry out and make use of.\\nThough remote in distance from the center of government, Lan-\\ncaster was no doubt close in sympathy with its policy in standing\\nfirmly for what were considered the interests of the American\\ncolonies in the matter of self-government, and the promotion of\\nthe welfare of American citizens. Whether Lancaster had any\\nrepresentation in the provincial congress, or the convention for the\\nformation of that congress, we do not know. It is probable that its\\ndistance from the former seat of government, when the convention\\nwas called, led to its being passed by when the prescripts were sent\\nout notifying the towns to send delegates.\\nLancaster had obeyed the call of the congress for taking a census,\\nand made return, as we have seen above and yet it may have been\\nwith this town as it was with Conway. That town had raised a\\ncompany of volunteer soldiers under the command of Capt. David\\nPage, and sent to Exeter for a supply of ammunition when their\\nmessenger learned for the first time of the prescripts having been\\nsent out, and that his town was either ignored or the notice had\\nmiscarried. Due apology was made to Conway by the officials, and\\na request sent them to send a representative which amicably arranged\\nmatters. At the session of the congress held at Exeter in Decem-\\nber, 1775, both Conway and Lancaster as a classed town were rep-\\nresented by Abijah Learned, of Cockburne (now Columbia).\\nIt was at this juncture that a house of representatives was formed,\\nand steps taken to organize the state government, as the old\\nprovincial government had been fully abolished. During the period\\ncovered by the sessions of the congress there was no civil organiza-\\ntion that could be properly called a government, but rather a popu-\\nlar convention called by the more prudent leaders of the people to\\nmeet a grave emergency. Acting under the advice of the con-\\ntinental congress the provincial congress undertook the task of\\norganizing a sovereign state of the people.\\nThen it was that the second census, above given, was taken of the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "72 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntown which reveals the first period of rapid growth of population,\\nand what was of as much importance at such a time, a desire for\\nguns and ammunition with which to do their share of fighting in the\\nstruggle then inaugurated by the assault upon citizens situated just\\nas they were.\\nThe continental congress had enjoined upon the states in taking a\\ncensus, which, while it should afford a fair basis upon which to\\nbase representation in the state legislatures and congress, should also\\nreveal the amount of powder and lead in the country. The people\\nwere also cautioned against burning their powder in shooting at\\nbirds and other game. So peaceful had times become that there\\nwere in Lancaster seven more men than guns available for the war\\nthat everybody could see was sure to come upon the frontier com-\\nmunities. If the British soldier would not come it was certain that\\nthe Indians would be incited to acts of hostility against the settlers\\non the upper Connecticut River valley, as it was a sort of highway\\nfrom Canada to northern New England. The leading men of Lan-\\ncaster and adjoining towns felt much alarmed for the safety of the\\nUpper Coos for that reason and as early as the twentieth of June,\\n1775, Edwards Bucknam and Seth Wales, a justice of the peace\\nin Northumberland, wrote a lengthy letter to Colonels Jacob Bailey\\nand John Hurd of Haverhill, N. H., giving them a vivid account of\\nthe situation of affairs along, and beyond, the Canadian boundary.\\nFrom that account it appears that Bucknam and Wales had taken\\nthe precaution to send a scout as far as Lake Memphremagog in\\nsearch of two men, and there had the good fortune to fall in with a\\nparty of friendly Indians, among whom was one Black Lewa by\\nname, who was well known in Lancaster and Northumberland. He\\nwas an honest Indian, and a true friend of the white settlers, one\\nwhom they had entire confidence in.\\nLewa told the scouts that some time during the winter previous,\\nhe, with other Indians of his tribe, set out to guide two British\\nofficers from Canada to Coos, but upon learning that their object\\nwas to discover the most practicable road over which to lead an\\narmy to lay waste to the river settlements the following spring\\n(1775), they quit the service of the ofificers and returned home.\\nHe denied all sympathy with the British, and professed his old-time\\nconfidence in the settlers. He was pleased to find an opportunity\\nto expose the hostile intentions of the British officers. He also told\\nthe scouts that there were two thousand British soldiers making\\npreparations to invade the states from that quarter some time the\\ncoming winter (1775-76). He told of large offers being held out\\nto the Indian to induce them to join that proposed expedition, but\\nwithout success. On the contrarj Lewa assured the scouts, the\\nIndians and even many of the French were disposed to join the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 73\\nAmericans whenever they were ready to send an army to take\\nQuebec. Lewa was sanguine in his expectation that all Canada\\nwould join the Americans in the hope of breaking the British rule\\nin Quebec. Lewa offered his services as a spy to discover the\\nmovements of the British and bring the settlers information of\\nthem and this olifice he was well fitted for, as in the guise of a\\nhunter and trapper he could move among the enemy without raising\\nany suspicions whatever.\\nBucknam and his neighbors believed Lewa s story and it made\\na strong impression upon them. Bucknam and Wales, in the letter\\nreferred to, urged strongly upon Colonel Bailey to visit the Indian\\nand interview him and be assured of the probable truth of the story\\nhe told the scouts.\\nThe people of this section were certain that their valley would\\nbe visited by the enemy because it was so near to Canada where\\nthe British army would be uninterrupted in their preparations for\\nwar, and where, it was feared, the Indians could so easily be induced\\nto join with them in laying waste to this fair country.\\nAnd while it happened that their worst apprehensions were not\\nrealized, there was no feeling of security in this section of the\\ncountry until some time after peace had been declared.\\nDuring the month of July, 1775, Colonel Bailey and Lewa visited\\nthe provincial congress then in session at Exeter, and the Indian\\nagain told his story. It made such a deep impression upon William\\nWhipple, acting chairman of the committee of safety, that he at\\nonce ordered Captain Bedel to proceed immediately with his com-\\npany to Lancaster or Northumberland, and, after due consultation\\nwith the people, to build a fort sufficient for defence against small\\narms, and then to go still farther up the frontier and build such other\\ngarrisons as might be necessary for the protection of the people.\\nHe was instructed to use every endeavor to gain and hold the friend-\\nship of the Indians by making such presents as would please them.\\nFrom Exeter Colonel Bailey and Lewa proceeded to the camp\\nof the American army at Cambridge, Mass., where the Indian\\nrepeated his news to the commanders and how much influence it\\nmay have had in determining an expedition against Quebec it is not\\neasy to conjecture, but it must have had some weight with General\\nWashington.\\nCaptain Bedel came to Lancaster, and upon mature deliberation\\nthree forts were decided upon, two of which were built in North-\\numberland, and one in Stratford. One of these forts was built at\\nthe mouth of the Ammonoosuc river, near where the old Fort\\nWentworth had been built more than twenty years before and the\\nsecond one was located\\\\ on what was known as the Marshall farm.\\nThe one in Stratford was in the north part of the town.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "74 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nWild consternation filled the minds of the scattering settlers in\\nthis section. Some fled for places of greater safety, others wished\\nto follow them but there were a remnant of the people who\\nrefused to leave their homes, and but for those brave men and\\nwomen the entire population would have fled, leaving their homes\\nto fall into the hands of the roving Indians that came along soon.\\nThe young wife of Caleb Marshall, on whose farm one of the forts\\nin Northumberland was build, had her household goods hidden\\naway, and then, with one child of two years of age and an infant\\nless than a month old, mounted a horse and fled to Hampstead, a\\ndistance of more than a hundred and fifty miles from her home, for\\nsafety.\\nScouts were at once sent out to learn, if possible, the movements\\nof the enemy, and a sufficient number of men were kept at the forts\\nto properly garrison them so as to afford a safe retreat for the\\nwomen and children in case of an attack from either the British or\\ntheir Indian allies.\\nIn such a state of suspense and hourly expectation of danger, the\\nfirst year of the war passed without either actual warfare or even an\\nattack from the enemy. The hope of these hardy frontiersmen was\\nthat in the event of an invasion of the river settlements they might\\nbe able to hold the enemy in check or drive him back, and so save\\nthe lower settlements from an invasion. Their forts were located\\nwith reference to keeping the enemy out of the valley. Lancaster\\nasked for no fort or garrison, but urged the location of them farther\\nup the river, where the people would be first, and most exposed to\\nthe depredations of the Indians in event the British should make\\nallies of them. The spirit of these northern frontiersmen was as\\nworthy of praise as that of any section of our whole country.\\nEverything pointed to this valley becoming a sort of highway for\\nforays from the enemy, who was safely making preparations for the\\nwar just over the line where once the French and Indians had laid\\nsimilar plans. The settlers never feared an invasion from any other\\npoint than across the Canadian line north of them. It was against\\nthat point of danger that they wished to fortify their country, and\\nby defending themselves prevent the enemy from going down the\\nriver to other towns. So great was the fear of attack that all\\ninterests gave way to the defence of the Upper Coos valley.\\nThese upper towns petitioned the Committee of Safety for a suit-\\nable garrison to hold these forts, and check any invading force of\\neither Indians or British that might reach this section.\\nThis petition seems to have had no response accorded it, for no\\nsoldiers were sent here upon its almost pathetic appeal. The\\nreason must not be attributed to any indifference upon the part of\\nthe committee of safety, or the general court, for much danger was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD, 75\\nfeared from this quarter. Soldiers could not be spared from more\\nexposed points, and the means for their equipment were too scanty.\\nAll the men and equipments available had to be sent to hold the\\ngrounds gained in the vicinity of Boston, and. guard the Champlain\\nLake region where it was evident efforts would be made to land\\nforces to flank the New England forces and march upon New York.\\nFrom the gravity of their situation on a frontier where attacks were\\nso certainly expected, and the forces wholly inadequate to offer any\\nformidable resistance, the people no doubt felt somewhat aggrieved\\nat both the central committee of safety and the general court.\\nWhen the new government sent out its precepts notifying the\\ntowns to send representatives to the general court in 1775, some of\\nthe leading spirits in Lancaster, and notably among them David\\nPage, replied to it in the following terse manner\\nTo the Honorable Provincial Congress conveaned at Exeter Dec. 20 A D\\n^775\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nRespected Gentlemen we sould take this opportunity to inform your Honor-\\nable House That the nine Towns in the upper Cohos have not complied with the\\nprecept of the last Congress issued to them for the election of a Representative\\nthe reasons of which conduct are these first, the needy circumstances of the\\npeople render it impossible for them to be at the expence of supporting one.\\n2 the distance of the inhabitance and difificulty of communacation is so great\\nthat it prevented a general attendance in the meeting for to chuse a representative\\nwe write to your honorable house as individuals but at the same time as being\\nwell acquainted with the minds of the people it is their universal desire not to be\\ntaxed to defray aney Expence of delegates maintaining this principel that their\\nought to be no ta.xation without representation we are with the highest respect for\\nyour house much respected Gentlemen your most obedient humble servants.\\nLancaster, Dec, 14th. 1775. David Page Selectmen for Lancaster.\\nJames Brown. Selectmen for Stratford.\\nJosiah Walker, inhabitant of Stratford,\\nThis communication was signed by Page, and from its style and\\nspirit I think it was written by him with the knowledge and consent\\nof his few most confidential advisors on local matters. It was not\\nthe action of the town through its voters in any public meeting for\\nno such meeting was ever held but notwithstanding, this refusal to\\nconvene the voters and choose a representative, the town was rep-\\nresented by Col. Joseph Whipple of Dartmouth who was the follow-\\ning year elected, and Dartmouth was in Lancaster s class of towns\\nfor representation from 1776 to 1778. During the session of the\\nlegislature of 1776, Colonel Whipple was appointed a commissioner\\nto take into consideration the difficulties and grievances that existed\\nin several towns in Grafton county with respect to the form of the\\nnew government. Among those disaffected towns was Lancaster.\\nColonel Whipple was brought into close relations with the leaders\\namong these northern towns, and whatever he may have reported to\\nthe legislature in regard to their attitude towards the new form of", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "y6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ngovernment did not affect his relations to the people here, for all\\nthrough the long war we find him acting with them. When he was\\nappointed colonel of the Twenty-fifth regiment of militia he secured\\nEdwards Bucknam as his lieutenant-colonel. He seems never to\\nhave lacked in confidence of Bucknam and Eames.\\nIt is likely that Colonel Whipple had a salutary influence over\\nthese northern towns during this period of disaffection, and that he,\\nas much as anybody else, prevented the split in the matter of the\\nVermont controversy. He was close in his relations with the gov-\\nernment, and had full confidence in its ability and patriotic inten-\\ntions to serve the people faithfully in a time so critical as that of the\\nrevolutionary struggle for a common freedom that all Americans\\nmight rejoice in.\\nA spirit of renewed confidence in the government seems to have\\ntaken possession of the people in the month of June, and as great\\nfears were entertained that an attack was being planned to take\\neffect at an early day from the north, the people turned to Exeter\\nonce more in a petition that is almost pathetic for soldiers, to defend\\ntheir section against one of the worst of enemies. Their petition\\nwas as follows\\nThe humble petition of a number of inhabitants belonging to the several\\ntowns in the upper Cohoss (so called) humbly sheweth That your petitioners\\nhaving moved themselves and families from the interior part of this Colony, at a\\ngreat expense and difficulty, and by industry have cleared such a quantity of Land\\nas by close application have Spported their families, this day have information\\nby letter from the Committee of Safety for the tovi ns of Bath, Gunthwaite, Lan-\\ndafF Lyman, that our army in Canada consisting of about iiooo men, were\\ndrove to St Johns by 30000 Regulars, 1500 Canadians 500 Indians.\\nAs it was impossible to get soldiers from the front, where open\\nhostilities were rife, to defend a section of country not yet invaded,\\nthe hardy frontiersmen next conceived the plan of having one of\\ntheir own number invested with the authority to raise a company of\\nvolunteers at home, and in the near-by towns, to stand guard over\\nthis river pass that it seemed so very certain the enemy would take\\nadvantage of, and especially as he could likely induce the Indians to\\nagain take up the hatchet against the whites who so severely chas-\\ntised them some twenty years before. If they could not have\\nsoldiers sent them in their hour of sorest trial they could, at least,\\norganize a company of good soldiers out of their scouts and the\\nheads of families who did not care to fly to some other point of\\nsafety and leave their homes to be plundered by Indians and British\\nsoldiers bent on laying waste to the country. They accordingly\\nsent the following petition to the congress at Exeter:\\nWhereas we the inhabitants of Lancaster, Northumberland, Guildhall Strat-\\nford are fully sensible of the dangers of being attacked by the Canadians which", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. J J\\nare the worst of enmeys although some of our neighbors have Quit the ground,\\nyet we the subscribers Do Joinly severaly promis ingage to Stand our ground\\nproviding the Honorable Counsell sees Fit to grant our request That is this, that\\nyou will please us your petitioners so far as to appoint Mr. Jere h Ames of North-\\numberland our friend and Neighbor, Commander of our Fort which with a great\\ndeal of fatage we have almost accomplished likewise for him the said Ames to\\nhave orders to inlist as many men as the Honab l Cort in their wisdom will see fit,\\nwe do ingage to inlist ourselves obey his orders as long as he is stationed in ui\\nper Coos and Commander of our Fort.\\nJuly 6, 1776.\\nThis petition was signed by the following persons\\nThomas Blodgett, James Curtiss, Archippus Blodgett,\\nEmmons Stockwell, Josiah Blodgett, Joseph Barlow,\\nNathanile Caswell, Sam l Nash, Abijah Earned,\\nMoses Ouimby, Ward Bailey, James Blake,\\nDavid Earned, Sam l Page, Abner Osgood,\\nDies Sawyer, Abel Earned, John Frickey.\\nElizer Rosebrook, Abner Barlow,\\nThis petition had its desired effect and inside of a week the cen-\\ntral committee of safety addressed the following communication to\\nCapt. Jeremiah Eames\\nYou are hereby authorized to Enlist Fifty good able bodied and effective men\\nofficers included, to serve as soldiers under you for three months (unless sooner\\ndischarged) as scouting parties to make their head Quarters at Great Cohoss, not\\ntaking more than ten of the Inhabitants of said Great Cohoss in number: and you\\nare to make return as often as you can conveniently of your Routs, discoveriey c.\\nto Col.^ Bailey, Hurd and Col. Johnson at lower Cohoss, and take their instruc-\\ntions from time to time for your future conduct. The men you Enlist are to be\\npaid thirty shillings as a Bounty, and assure them they shall receive forty shillings\\nper month when your roll is made up and the company are to choose a Eieut.\\nEnsign 2 Sergt. You as Captain shall receive \u00c2\u00a3fi, your Eieutenant ,^^4, and\\nEnsign Each Sergt. 48 sh. per month. The Capt., Eieuts. Ens. to re-\\nceive no bounty.\\nCaptain Eames at once set about raising his company, and in\\norder to fill his quota made a trip to Haverhill and the towns lower\\ndown the river. By the time he was ready to enlist men, August,\\nthe month of harvesting their crops was upon him. The crops of\\nthat year were abundant, and it was thought best not to encourage\\nthe farmers to neglect gathering them as against their future neces-\\nsities. Captain Eames was successful enough, however, to enlist,\\nand bring into service thirty men to garrison the new fort in North-\\numberland at the mouth of the Ammonoosuc river, which they had\\nnamed Fort Weare, in honor of Meshech Weare, president of the\\nstate congress. These men were used as a garrison and for scout-\\ning purposes in order to learn the presence and plans of the enemy.\\nThere is no record of their doings, but from fragmentary allusions to\\ntheir actions we conclude that they were kept in action mostly as\\nscouts, for at one time complaint was made that the fort was entirely", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "78 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ndeserted by the garrison, which left the women and children ex-\\nposed, as they thought, to sudden attacks by the Indians and Can-\\nadians. There is no evidence that this desertion of the fort by the\\ngarrison was unwise or due to a lack of caution. The enemy was\\nsupposed to be in the country, and they were seeking to discover\\nhis whereabouts. That was as much a part of their duty as to gar-\\nrison the fort. It was not the intention of the committee of safety\\nthat these soldiers should remain inside the fort and allow a shrewd\\nenemy to flank them, and get into the lower towns. By a constant\\npatrol of the country northward and westward it would be an easy\\nmatter to apprehend the movements of either an army of regular\\nsoldiers or a band of Indians, which were as much to be feared as\\nthe British regulars.\\nThe conduct of Captain Eames and his company did not seem to\\nrestore confidence and a feeling of safety. On the contrary,\\nthe people seemed to have grown restless and fearful as the\\nperiod for which the company had been enlisted drew to a close.\\nUnder the feeling that they had been poorly served by Captain\\nEames s company of soldiers, and that the danger was just as great\\nas at any time previous, the people of Lancaster and other towns\\nappointed Capt. Edwards Bucknam to go to Exeter in the fall of\\n1776, and lay before the general court their grievances against Cap-\\ntain Eames and his men and ask for some new measures of relief.\\nCaptain Bucknam went provided with a document given by the peo-\\nple, and setting forth some of their grievances as well as express-\\ning their wishes in the matter of relief. Among other things\\nthis document sets forth a rather deplorable condition of affairs, and\\nrecommends Captain Bucknam for any office the court may see fit\\nto entrust him with in behalf of the safety of the people, as follows:\\nWe recommend Capt. Bucknam in behalf of the inhabitants aforesaid for any\\noffice or command of any party of men that the Court in their wisdom should see\\nproper to be raised and sent for our protection.\\nLikewise a Commissary which may be likely to give content and be faithful to\\nthe Colony, as some of these Preveleges may prove incoragments to these Frontier\\nSettlements.\\nThe commander of the company Now Stationed Hear Comasary Have Not\\nconducted themselves agreable to the minds of the Inhabitants Nor for the Bene-\\nfit of the State therefore it is Desired that the inhabitants may not be imposed\\nupon by these two Gentlemen any longer than their first ingagements are Expired\\nand although the Honorable Court Has seen fit to send for our Protection a\\nNumber of able Bodyed men are now stationed amongs us in order as we soposed\\nto Build or Erect any fort or Breastworks or at least to complete the fort we the\\ninhabitants had Built, with storehouse and Barracks that we might have had some\\nplace of Refuge to flee to with our families at any Suden Danger or Surprise\\nBut Notwithstanding all our Expectations Hopes of Safety we are unhapily Dis-\\nappointed for our fort stands just as Capt. Eames found it without the least alter-\\nation Except age Thus we do desire you the said Capt. Bucknam in the behalf\\nof the inhabitants to inforn the Honorable Court of our Setuation that we are now", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 79\\nill, and Prehaps they think we shall Be in a much worse Condition if we are\\nDriven into our Naked fort without anything to seport Nature or Cover our Heads\\nwhich if there is No Better Management than there is at Present No Doubt Will\\nBe the Case.\\nFrom such representations of things here it may be inferred that\\nCaptain Eames s company did Httle else than .scout duty. Perhaps\\nthe captain may have been convinced from the situation of affairs\\nthat the fort would never be needed, and that every family could\\ntake care of its own question of supplying nature, and covering\\ntheir own heads.\\nWhatever was the situation nothing had been done to reassure the\\npeople of safety. If only Indians were to have been expected to\\nassail the people, then perhaps the best way would have been to\\nhave met them by their own tactics of war, and hunted them down\\nlike wild beasts that they were. At all events the people were not\\nsatisfied and desired a change in the order of things, and were not\\nslow in making known their wishes to the government.\\nJust what was done for their relief and satisfaction is not known\\nbut it does not appear from anything that we can learn of the\\nsituation in this section that any radical change was effected, or that\\nthe old forts were repaired, or that the scouting service was changed\\nvery materially, for that service continued until after the news of the\\nsurrender of Cornwallis had reached the upper Coos. Nothing but\\na treaty of peace, and the withdrawal of the British army could\\nrestore a feeling of safety in this section.\\nAlthough the whole of the year of 1776, the most eventful year\\nof all the seven long years of the war for New England, had passed\\nwithout any attacks upon the Upper Coos, or even any serious\\nalarm, yet the people were uneasy and tormented with the fear of\\nwhat did come later the invasion of the country by the Indians\\nand French half-breeds, whom they regarded with more dread than\\nan army of regular soldiers. These savages knew and respected no\\nhonorable methods of warfare. They knew only how to plunder\\nthe homes of the absent settlers and carry into captivity their wives\\nand children. As things turned out it was well that these frontiers-\\nmen were alert and careful to guard their homes against these\\nsavages. Although the British may not have at any time seriously\\nconsidered an attack upon this section, they did later incite the\\nIndians and half-breeds to plunder the frontier settlements and\\ncarry off captives, as we shall see later.\\nThe year 1777 was not so eventful as the preceeding one for\\nLancaster. The scouting party seems to have kept itself in the field\\nor in readiness to respond to any alarm or even suspicion of an\\ninvasion of this section but no fighting took place during the\\nyear.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "8o HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAs the expenses of the war began to fall heavily upon the\\ntreasury and exhaust it during the first year of the war, a ne.w\\napportionment of state taxes was made. Male and female slaves\\nbetween the ages of sixteen and forty-five were taxed, but Lancaster\\nnever knew a slave of any kind in service to any of its citizens.\\nAmong other things that were regarded as liable to contribute to\\nthe treasury, the means of prosecuting the war, was So much\\norchard as will in a common season produce ten barrels of cyder\\none acre. Less than ten barrels-per-acre orchards were exempt.\\nWe do not know how such items affected Lancaster, but they helped\\nto swell the sum total of state taxes. If Lancaster had neither slaves\\nnor cyder in ten barrel lots, and other sections had both in\\ngoodly quantities, as they no doubt did, it rather increased the\\nburdens of Lancaster as her proportion of taxes were four pounds,\\neleven shillings and two-a-half pence on each thousand pounds.\\nThe valuation of the town, it seems, was not considered, and no such\\nvaluation was ever taken as a basis of this tax bill so far as we can\\nlearn.\\nThere was a feeling that the tax bill of that year was dispropor-\\ntionate to the ability of the people to pay it, and a mild protest was\\nmade in the following communication to the general court:\\nTo the Honorable the General Court held at Exeter for the state of New\\nHampshire We the subscribers being chosen Selectmen for the town of Lan-\\ncaster, Beg Liberty to inform your Honors that about the 25th of January Last we\\nreceived a tax bill from the Treasury of this state of one hundred Eighty two\\npounds Eight shillings and four pence which we apprehend to be considerable\\nmore than our proportion of the forty thousand therein mentioned Which we must\\nsuppose must be through a misrepresentation in our last Proportion and our num-\\nber being lesened By the War render us the less Capable of Paying so large a\\nsum. Also would inform the Honorable Court that at the last Proportion we\\nwere not informed how much Each Pole Each acre of improved Land Stock c\\nwas this set at. Wherefore we pray our grievances may be taken into your wise\\nconsideration and some suitable measure Pointed out for our conduct which will\\nExcite us to a speedy compliance to the above mentioned order and as in duty\\nbound shall Pray.\\nLancaster Feby 7th 1778.\\nThat this tax had some effect in determining Lancaster to look\\nfor relief from a burdensome relation to the state of New Hamp-\\nshire by casting her lot with either Vermont or the proposed new\\nstate of New Connecticut, then talked of so much, there can be\\nlittle or no doubt.\\nThe controversy over the boundary between New Hampshire and\\nVermont was at its height during the years 1778, and 1779, and\\nas we have seen, elsewhere, Lancaster no doubt favored the for-\\nmation of a new state, and there were not lacking those among her\\ncitizens who would have gladly cast in their lot with Vermont. At", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 8 1\\nall events the relations between Lancaster and the state seem not to\\nhave been of the most cordial and confiding character during\\nthe year 1778; but as we have seen, in dealing with the Vermont\\nControversy, Lancaster abandoned that movement when it assumed\\na phase of insubordination to the union of the states, and undertook\\nto defy the continental congress under a threat of allying itself with\\nthe British. Lancaster wanted the independence of the states, and\\nwas always loyal to the general government, imperfect as it might\\nhave seemed to the people at their distance from its scenes of\\nactivity during the long years of the war. Lancaster and other\\ntowns north of it did not consider themselves generously dealt with\\nby the state government, convening always in some of the older\\ntide-water towns, and no doubt greatly under the influence of those\\nolder and richer communities. These frontier towns felt that the\\nstate should do more to assist them and to make their burdens\\nlighter. This last ta.x was a very heavy burden to fall upon so\\nsmall a number of taxpa} ers as Lancaster must have then had.\\nHer number of ratable polls in 1783 was only ten, as certified to\\nby lidwards Bucknam under oath before Jeremiah Eames, J. P.,\\nDecember 2, 1783. While we have seen that the population of\\nLancaster was sixty-one in 1775, it had even decreased by the\\nwithdrawal of a number of the men to enter the service of the army.\\nThe few men able to pay any sum of taxes would have been practi-\\ncally bankrupted by the above-mentioned sum. Lancaster, be it\\nremembered, was not accumulating wealth then as she might have\\ndone had there been passable roads to the markets. She was\\npractically without markets, and could do little more than barely\\nmake a living for the people so far removed from the sources\\nsupplying luxuries in those days. What little produce there was to\\nsell would not more than pay its transportation over the bad roads\\nof that time, so the people were without encouragement to do more\\nthan make a living and improve their lands and houses in the hope\\nthat with the return of peace better roads could be had. Under\\nsuch circumstances we cannot wonder that loyal men should beg for\\nsome measures of relief from an excessive tax bill, amounting to\\nsomething like a hundred dollars per capita for the taxpayers.\\nThe year of 1778 wore away without serious trouble from the\\nenemy. There were some rumors of the approach of Indians, but\\ncareful scouts failed to find them and a feeling of greater safety\\nwould be received on the return of the scouts.\\nThe British authorities had offered, and did pay, bounties for\\neither captives or their scalps taken along the border during the\\nlatter years of the war. Eleven dollars were paid for scalps, and\\nfifty-five dollars for prisoners taken by the Lidians. This fact being\\nknown to the people of this section accounts for their great fear of", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "82 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe Indians and the French half-breeds. The people took every\\nprecaution to keep on friendly terms with the Indians in order to\\ninsure their own safety.\\nDuring the spring of 1779, however, the Indians from the mission\\ncamps in Canada had grown restless, and longing for the excitement\\nand plunder offered by their methods of warfare, began to grow\\nbolder in their designs. They began to make raids upon the thinly-\\nsettled frontier and kill or carry off some of the whites.\\nWith Vermont threatening to unite with the British, and no hope\\nof the formation of a new state in the Connecticut River valley,\\nthese northern towns again turned to Exeter as the only source\\nfrom which to hope for assistance. Lancaster, Northumberland,\\nand Stratford united in sending a petition to the council and house\\nof representatives as follows\\nThe Memorial of Sundry of the Inhabitants of the Towns of Lancaster North-\\numberland Stratford humbly Sheweth, that on Thursday the 24th. Inst. June\\nA party of Indians aboute fifteen in Numlier Commanded by A French man, came\\ninto Stratford took two Prisners Phindered two FamiHes of everything Valuable\\nwhich they had, we humbly pray that your Honors would take the matter into\\nyour Sereous Considerations and provide such Assistance for our future Security,\\nfrom those Barbarous Savages, as your Wisdom shall Direct and your Memorial-\\nists as in duty Bound shall Ever Pray.\\nLancaster 27th June 1779.\\nJoseph Peverly Ward Bailey\\nThomas Peverly Caleb marshall\\nDaniel Spaldin Emmons Stockwell\\nNathan Caswell moses Page\\nDill Sawyer Jonas Wilder\\nEnoch Hall Edwards Bucknam.\\n[13 Hammond s Town Papers, 474-475.]\\nThe two men referred to in this petition as being taken and\\ncarried off by the Indians were Joseph Barlow and Hezekiah Fuller.\\nWhat disposition their captors made of them we do not know.\\nTheir names figure in business transactions at a subsequent date,\\nfrom which we may infer that they either escaped or were ransomed\\nfrom the Indians. It was a matter of frequent occurrence for towns\\nto pay the ransom of such captives.\\nElijah Blogget of Stratford ransomed Gilbert Borged and Josiah\\nBlogget the 19th of July, 1781. These men may have been simi-\\nlarly ransomed, but of which fact we happen to have no account.\\nBesides these four persons we have no actual knowledge of captures.\\nPeter Poor of Shelburne was shot by Indians in August, 1781, and\\nseveral persons were captured and others killed just over the line in\\nMaine. These invasions of the towns then acting together for\\ncommon safety was enough to arouse the people. Whether their\\npetition of June 27 received no immediate attention, or there existed", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 83\\nsufificient reasons to expect a repetition of the invasion, we do not\\nknow, but the people were aroused, and called a meeting of the\\ninhabitants of Lancaster, Northumberland, and Stratford to convene\\nat Northumberland to take action for some immediate measure of\\nrelief. At this meeting, which has been dignified by the name of\\nconvention, the people took the matter into their own hands and\\norganized for their defence. This record of the meeting, so char-\\nacteristic of the men of this section, is found in Hammond s Revo-\\nlutionary Rolls. We give it in full just as it was penned by\\nEdwards Bucknam\\nAt a meeting of the Inhabitants of Lancaster Northumberland Stratford to\\nhear the Report of Joseph Peverly Esqr and also to agree upon Sum Proper Place\\nfor the Scouting Party to Be Stationed, Viz first\\nChose maj r Jonas Wilder moderator\\n2d. Choose Cap t Edw ds Bucknam Clark\\n3d Voted that the Place for the Scouting Party to Be stationed, at Mr James\\nBrowns in Stratford\\n4 Voted that Every man in Each town Viz. Lancaster Northumberland and\\nStratford to work one Day at the fort In Stratford Immediately\\n5 Chose Nathan Caswell Captain over these three towns for the Present\\n6 Chose Nathan Barlow Lieut\\n7 Chose Dennis Stanley Ensine\\n8 Chose majV Jonas Wilder the man to go Down to E.xeter\\n9 Chose Joseph Peverly Esq r Capt Edw s Bucknam and Al r John Hold-\\nbrook a Committee to Give Directions to maj r Jonas Wilder and draw a Purticion\\nto the general court to send by maj r Wilder\\n10 Voted that m r John Gamsby m r James Blake and Mr John Holdbrook a\\nCommittee Plan out the fort at Stratford.\\nNorthumberland July loth 1779.\\nThese were the last active measures the people of this section\\nwere called upon to take, but the vigilance of the scouts was not\\ndispensed with for two more years. The Indians and half-breeds\\ndid not venture another attack in the upper river valley. The\\nfright they had given the settlers did not subside very soon.\\nDuring the nearly five years that the war had continued, these In-\\ndian raids were all that this section saw of hostilities. New England\\nhad been abandoned by the enemy, who was moving southward to\\nhis fate. During the year 1780, and following to the end of the war,\\nthere were no activities on the part of Lancaster of importance, ex-\\ncept the constant watchfulness of her scouts. Stratford petitioned\\nfor a guard in 1780, but the scare that led them to that action did\\nnot extend to Lancaster. The people were able to go about their\\nbusiness with a feeling bordering on safety, though at no time did\\nthe feeling of security lead them to neglect their preparations for\\ndefence. Every man kept his trusty old gun ready for action on a\\nmoment s notice.\\nWhen the war was finally over and the scouts were called in, an", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "84 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\naccount of Lancaster s expenditures during the war was made and\\ncertified to by Emmons Stockwell and Jonas Wilder, the selectmen\\nat the time. This bill, amounting to nearly two hundred pounds,\\nwas presented to the general court for settlement as a debt incurred\\non behalf of the state. Col. Joseph Whipple, representative then,\\npresented the bill for settlement. These military accounts were not\\nkept in any regular form, as there was not the organization of the\\nforces that one meets with in other sections of the country. The\\npeople of the Upper Coos, while they were assisted to some extent,\\nwere left largely to take care of themselves. They were busy with\\ntheir home cares, and when called into military service they had lit-\\ntle time, or may have even lacked in experience necessary to organ-\\nize themselves as military bodies generally were in those times. As\\nscouts, their parties were small and under the directions of some\\nwoodsman who was more familiar with the methods of the hunter or\\nIndian fighter than he was with military tactics. They did their\\nwork of patrolling the country fully as well, and perhaps it may be\\nbetter than a regularly organized body of soldiers would have done\\nit. And when it came to presenting their claims for a service ren-\\ndered the state, they were more in the form of mere memoranda.\\nWe present some of them below, written on mere scraps of paper,\\nthat have been preserved among the private papers of Gen. Edwards\\nBucknam. As many of them have never been put on record in a\\nmanner to preserve them for future generations, we insert them here\\nlest some day they should get lost. They throw light upon the\\nquestions that concern us in the history of the stirring events of that\\ntime, and are worthy a place in the town s record of daring and sac-\\nrifice for freedom.\\nStatement of service and provisions furnished by the town during\\nthe war\\nThe amount of the Scouting by the inhabitants of the Town\\n775 ^y vof Lancaster in the Upper Coos in the War with Great Briton\\nthe sum of Provisions Expended for Scouts,\\nTo 457 Days Scouting ^j^\\nTo Provisions expended for Scouts if,\\nat Sundry times J\\nMay 10 1791\\nThe above amnt taken from minutes kept by us of the Scouts that\\nwent out of the town Lancaster in the time of the War\\nAttest Select\\nEdards Bucknam men\\nE. Stockwell I Lancaster\\nJ for 1791-\\nThe following summary of scouting and expenses bears no date,\\nbut is of value as showing who were the scouts", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.\\n85\\nThe following Role is a true and exact account of what Scouting the inhabi-\\ntants of the Town of Lancaster have done at their own expense for the security\\nand safety of the frontier Towns on near The Connecticutt in Upper Coos.\\nNames.\\nTime when\\nentered service.\\nNo. days\\nserved.\\nWhen discharged or\\nreturned from scouting.\\nMoses Page\\nJohn Indian\\nJune 15, 1775\\nDo 15 Do\\n1 1 days\\n1 1\\nJune 26, 1775.\\nDo Do Do.\\nJames Rosebrook\\nDo 15 Do\\nII Do\\nDo Do Do.\\nDavid Page\\nDavid Page\\nDo Do\\nEmmons Stockwell\\nDo Do\\nDo Do\\nJuly 2, 1775\\nAugust 10, 1776\\nAugust 20, 1 78 1\\nMay 26, 1775\\nSept. 10, Do\\nJune 4, 1776.\\n10\\n10\\n12\\n12\\n8\\n15\\nJuly 12, 1775.\\nAug. 26th. 1776.\\nSept. 2, 1 78 1.\\nJune 1st. 1775.\\nSept. 1 8th. Do.\\nJune 19, 1876.\\nAlarms Durinc} the War.\\nThe following account I find in Bucknam s papers, signed by him-\\nself and Jonas Wilder, under date of June 22, 1786:\\nAn account of the alarms in the Upper Coos during the war: In July, 1776, i\\nalarm; Sept., 1777, i alarm; 1778, do; in July 1779, i alrm. Indians took\\nprisoners at Stratford; in June, 1780, i alarm; August, 1780, do; Oct., 1780, i\\ndo; Thos. Worcester taken in July, 1781, i alarm; some wounded men came\\nin and said Pritchett was near; Sept., 1781, i alarm. Pritchett went to Wip-\\nple s in May, 1782, r alarm, Abel Learned taken; June, do, i alarm; in Oct.,\\nr alarm. Nix taken.\\nThe following account or memorandum was found among Gen.\\nBucknam s private papers, and is inserted here as showing some of\\nhis activities during the war. I thought best not to alter it in any-\\nparticular. It was simply the memorandum of his services upon\\nwhich he may have based his claims in a bill for services and provi-\\nsions furnished the scouts at various times:\\nState of New Hampshire to Edwards Bucknam, Dr.\\nTo 17 Days scouting in the Upper Cohas at 4 sh.\\nJ, I To 9 days scouting at 4 sh. Pd. John Indian\\nSept 1777. To 10 days Scouting\\nSept 1778. To six Days 5 Do Scouting\\n1781 Day forting\\nr To Provisions Delivered to\\nCapt. Caswell Party\\n10: 6:3.\\n(in\\nsilver).\\n3\\n8: 0.\\nI\\n16\\n1\\n2\\n4:\\n4:\\n14- 3-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "86\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nTo 6 Days Paid Saml. Page at 4sh.\\nTo 3 Do more\\nErrors Excepted,\\nEdw. Bucknam.\\nAnother memorandum\\nSept 4 1780\\nCapt. Gasslin and Party that had come from Canada\\nto Provisions Rum\\nI 4:0.\\no 12 o\\nsilver money\\n^0:15:\\n5:0\\n2 :o\\nto ten meels Vittels i 6 Pr meel\\nto five Gills Rum\\nto two Do Do more\\nReed. Payment\\nLieut Gassclin, Capt.\\nAmong Gen. Bucknam s papers I find this interesting receipt, and\\ninsert it here as showing how business was transacted in these parts\\nduring the war. It is in French, but we offer a translation for the\\nEnglish reader.\\nJe sousigne avoir recus du Capt Boknem 90 de Pork et one pinte de sell de\\nle 21 Avril 1779\\nde plus recus deux fusil\\nCome jai recus deux fusils de Capt boknem\\nJ ai donne le present four remetre au general Balay a Coos\\nda Gassclin Capt.\\nTranslation\\nThe undersigned received of Capt Bokem 90 pork and one pint of salt April\\n21, 1779, and also two guns.\\nThe receipt for the two guns must be given to Gen. Balay of Coos.\\nGossclin, Capt.\\nThe following account I find among Gen. Bucknam s papers. He\\nwas one of the administrators of the estate of David Page, Sr., who\\ndied in 1785, and this came into his hands as many other papers of\\nGov. Page did. We insert it as a curious relic of the customs of\\nthe time, and as throwing additional light upon our subject\\nColl. John Goffe Dr. to David Page.\\n1779\\nMarch 6\\nTo fifteen Pounds six ounces Pork\\nTo six Pounds Beef\\nTo 4 meeals of meet\\nTo 4 meeals Spon vittels\\nTo 4 meeals Spon vittels\\nTo 4 meeals meet\\nTo 4 meeals meet\\nTo 4 meeals meet vittels\\nDelivered to John Moor the Rest of the\\nDartmouth company on Coll Goffe Order.\\n0:15 :4.\\no :03 :o.\\no :02 :o.\\no :oi -.4..\\no :oi -.4.\\no :o2 :8.\\no :o2 :o.\\no :o2 :8.\\n^I :ll :o.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.\\n87\\nTo these interesting accounts I add the following, taken from Re-\\nvolutionary Rolls of New Hampshire, as probably the last of the\\nrecords of the war in which Lancaster was concerned financially.\\nState of New Hampshire Grafton ss.\\nRations due to twelve men while in service in the state of New Hampshire\\nraised for a Scouting Party on the frontiers in the upper Co os in the year 1782\\nand inlisted the 13th Day of April 1782, and discharged last day of Nov. follow-\\ning and each man found hisself said Term.\\nWhen\\nWhen\\nMonths in\\nRations\\nNames inlisted.\\nenlisted.\\ndischarged.\\nservice.\\nDays.\\ndue.\\nJames Blake Sergt.\\nAp. 13, 1782.\\nNov. 30 day.\\n7\\n17 days.\\n\u00c2\u00a3i-~\\nArchippus Blodgett\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nJoshua Lamkins\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nJames Brown\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nElijah Blodgett\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nDennis Stanley\\n13\\n3c\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nMoses Page\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nJames Wilder\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nCaleb Marshall\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nJames Burnside\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nNathan Caswell\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nJames Curtis\\n13\\n30\\n7\\n17\\n12\\nAfter the war was over and the soldiers had been discharged and\\nreturned to their homes, or sought new places of residence, many of\\ntheir claims for services and rations remained unpaid for a number\\nof years, as the treasury of the state was emptied long before its\\ndebts to its citizen soldiers were settled. To wait for a term of\\nyears until the treasury was full enough to allow the settlement of\\nthese claims entailed hardships on many of the men. Their pay\\nwas very meagre, and as the years of unsettled conditions had gone\\nfrom one to seven, these men were growing older by so much, and\\ntheir chances for promoting their interests had gone by. Many of\\nthem were not able to prosecute their own claims as they lived at\\ntoo great a distance from the seat of government. It was at this\\ntime that General Bucknam and other public-spirited men came to\\nthe relief of these old soldiers and paid their claims and took their\\naccounts for collection, accompanied, in man\\\\- instances, b}^ a power\\nof attorney. I have before me several dozen of these assignments\\nof claims made to Gen. Edwards Bucknam and others.\\nWhenever the considerations are mentioned they are always in\\nfull of the claims transferred, from which we infer that the service\\nthey thus rendered their fellow soldiers was as noble as the spirit of\\npatriotism was strong when they marched together in these wild", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nregions. Of the number who sold these claims there were some\\nwho in after years became quite noted citizens in Lancaster. A\\nnumber of the men, who had served under Gen. Moses Hazen\\nthrough a portion of the time, came to Lancaster, drawn here, per-\\nhaps, by the fact that the old general himself had purchased a\\nlarge tract of land here, and intended to make Lancaster his home.\\nCHAPTER LX.\\nFROM THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR TO THE BEGINNING OF THE\\nNINETEExNTH CENTURY.\\nAn Era of Prosperity Rapid Immigration and Increase of Population\\n-Public Improvements Establishment of Churches and Schools\\nThe Coming of New Industries.\\nIt must have filled the hearts of the people with joy to learn that\\nthe war was over and peace declared, and that they could now turn\\ntheir attention to the development of their neglected industries of\\npeace.\\nAt least there was hope that their crippled fortunes might be, in a\\ngood measure, retrieved, as their lands were productive, and the\\nclearings were growing larger in spite of all the interruptions the\\nwar might have brought them. To the remaining citizens large\\nfamilies were growing up, among \\\\vhom were some strong and\\nsturdy sons who could be a help to their fathers in clearing lands\\nand tilling them, building roads, and hunting and fishing to furnish\\ntheir tables with meats, and furs to clothe the families. The out-\\nlook was not bright, but there were some encouraging features in it;\\nand the brave men and women bent their energies to make the most\\nof their situation, as we shall see. The eight years of unsettled\\nconditions had consumed much of their substance and time, but\\ntheir hearts were as strong as ever. Their hope had not left them\\nfor, as some of them had said in the beginning of that time of\\ntrouble, they had come here to make homes, to live and die here.\\nThey had braved great dangers in order to stand by the homes the}\\nhad builded, and now there was again some hope that they could\\ngo on and achieve the plans they had laid on coming into this\\nregion so favorable to the enterprises of pioneers.\\nIn the early years of the war some families had left, and never\\nreturned again. A number of the young men had enlisted in the\\nContinental Army, and were either lost in the battles of the war, or\\nelse having followed its fortunes so far into other sections of the\\ncountry that few, if indeed any, of them returned to this first land\\nof their choice and hopes. Landowners who might have had seri-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "AN ERA OF PROSPERITY. 89\\nous intentions of locating here never came. Some, discouraged at\\nthe prospects of safety on their lands, had sold them, so that by the\\nclose of the war there were new landowners holding titles to large\\ntracts of the most valuable lands in the town with no interest in the\\ntown beyond the hope of some day selling their lands at a large\\nprofit on their investments.\\nFortunately some of the land sold by the non-resident owners fell\\ninto the hands of men who were induced to locate upon their new\\npurchases, and in a short time proved themselves to be a valuable\\naddition to the citizenship of the town.\\nLancaster soon felt the returning tide of prosperity that always\\nfollows the desolation and waste of war. The people who had suf-\\nfered hardships and wants now, through industry and economy,\\nbegan to enjo}- some of the fruits of their many years of toil. New\\nfamilies came, and larger social relations and intercourse followed,\\nand new and unheard-of enterprises sprang up among the people.\\nAbout the year 1785 the tide of emigration began to move from\\nthe older towns in the southern part of this state, Massachusetts, and\\nConnecticut. This tide of earnest home-seekers moved northward\\nalong the Connecticut river valley until the advance of it reached\\nthe Upper Coos country and from that class all these northern\\ntowns can count scores of the most important families that have\\nhelped to make them what they are to-day. Of that class Lancas-\\nter received many men of the most sterling worth and integrity.\\nThe first settlements of the town were made at the extreme ends\\nof the intervale. The Pages and Stockwells settled at the north end\\non account of the splendid meadow-lands found there and it is\\nthought that Edwards Bucknam located at the mouth of Beaver\\nBrook on account of the extensive beaver meadows there, which\\nafforded a supply of grass for his cattle until he could clear the\\nlands and raise the domesticated grasses. We know that the beaver\\nmeadows on Indian brook were mown by David Page for the same\\nreason and that Thomas Burnside sought the beaver meadows on\\nwhat is now known as Burnside brook for hay to feed his cattle for\\nsome years until he cleared and cultivated his lands.\\nThe vast level section along Isreals river had lain uncultivated\\nand waiting settlement for twenty years before any one located on it.\\nAbout the year 1786 Stephen Wilson put up a log house on the\\nintervale, on the site of which Henry Hilliard now lives, and after-\\nwards sold it to Stevenson and moved into the village. A village\\nplot, consisting of a houselot for each and every grantee of the\\ntown, had been surveyed on what is now the meeting-house common,\\nand along Pleasant street; but for some reason, unknown to us, the\\nproposed village of the charter was never built, but instead every\\nman built his house upon his farm lands.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "90 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe village was slow to develop, and until within the recollection\\nof men still living consisted of only a few* shopkeepers and their\\nshops, with a few impecunious laborers lacking the ambition or ex-\\nperience to carry on enterprises of their own. There was nothing\\nto encourage the growth of a village, as the earliest settlers all lived\\non farms. It was many years before any other industry than farm-\\ning existed in Lancaster. Until near the beginning of the present\\ncentury the only stocks of goods kept for sale were kept in the\\ndwelling houses of the settlers.\\nIn the year 1786, and for several years following, there came to\\ntown such men as Capt. John Weeks, Joseph Brackett, William\\nMoore, Phineas Hodgdon, Walter and Samuel Philbrook, all from\\nthe older and more advanced settlements of this state. From Mas-\\nsachusetts and Connecticut came Titus O. Brown, Jonas Baker,\\nJonathan Cram, Humphrey Cram, Joseph Wilder, Benjamin Board-\\nman, Elisha Wilder. Some of these men possessed considerable\\nmeans, and all of them brought new and larger experiences into the\\nnew community. They infused new life into it, and greatly .stimu-\\nlated the older settlers to renewed efforts. They either had bought\\nlands before coming or did shortly after their arrival. As the lands\\nhad all been divided into even portions and were known and treated\\nas rights descending from the original grantees to these later pur-\\nchasers, these men got pretty evenly distributed over the township.\\nThe new arrivals of families pushed the settlement throughout the\\nwhole length of the river valleys and up over the first highlands,\\nwhich forced upon the attention of the town the question of build-\\ning roads to reach these new homes that were everywhere springing\\nup. For more than twenty years following the close of the war the\\ntown enjoyed the advantage of an expansion of its settlements. The\\nlittle group of homes in the north end was added to until they began\\nto push eastward over Page hill and in the south end the settle-\\nment surrounding Bucknam grew so large as to push its wa)^ up\\nStebben s hill, and well up to where the village now is.\\nThe larger bodies of land, that had been bought up by the few\\nmen of ampler fortunes than the original settlers possessed, began to\\nbe broken up into smaller holdings to accommodate the new famil-\\nies that were seeking to locate here.\\nDuring this whole period of rapid growth of population, condi-\\ntions of domestic life remained in pretty nearly the primitive sim-\\nplicity and scantiness that they had been from the very first, owing\\nchiefly to the fact of well-nigh impassable roads. Those who had\\nthe wherewithal of furnishing their homes could not bring much of\\nit with them on account of the poor roads, which were little more\\nthan passable for horseback riders in man)^ places. The first houses\\nwere but cabins, and their furnishings must have been of the most", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "INCREASE OF POPULATION. 9 1\\nscanty kind. Upon the arrival of a new family a cabin was built,\\nand around it a clearing was begun, which grew from year to year\\ninto a farm. The first cleared patch was a garden, and afforded the\\nfamily a supply of vegetables for the table, while a good share of\\nthe meat that was eaten was taken from the streams that then\\nswarmed with fish of the choicest kinds, especially salmon and trout,\\nand game from the great forests that surrounded them. The do-\\nmestic animals were few for a long time. The best, and so far as\\nwe know the only accurate, description of one of those early homes\\nis that preserved in a letter written by Capt. John Weeks to his wife\\nin Greenland, N. H., from which place he had emigrated to Lan-\\ncaster with his son John, then a lad of not more than six years\\nold, and built his first house near General Bucknam on the road to\\nSouth Lancaster, on the lands now owned by Sam F. McNally. In\\nthis interesting missive he says\\nWe shall move into our log house this week. It will be a very\\ncomfortable one. The logs, all peeled, are smooth and clean. The\\nhouse is eighteen feet wide and twenty feet long. We shall have\\none comfortable room and two bed rooms. Our family now con-\\nsists, besides myself, of one hired man, one girl (Patty), one boy\\n(John), one cow, one heifer, one sheep, one hog, one pig, one dog,\\none cat, one hen, and one chicken. We also have a pair of geese\\nat Coll. Bucknam s, which we shall take home in the fall. You\\nwould be pleased to see our little family and Patty s management of^\\nit. This letter was written early in the season of 1787, for in\\nanother written the 17th of June, 1787, Mr. Weeks informs his wife\\nthat the teacher of the school to which his son John was going, a\\nMr. Bergin, boarded with them the week previous. Those little\\nhouses were like the proverbial stage-coach; there was always\\nroom in them for another person. When it came Captain Weeks s turn\\nto take the schoolmaster for a week I presume there was no complaint\\nthat his 18x20 house with three rooms, only two of which were bed\\nrooms, was too small. They were a hospitable class of pioneers,\\nand if their accommodations were not ample they did not hesitate\\nto extend them to the sojourner among them. Captain Weeks had\\nmoved nothing here to furnish his house with except what could be\\ncarried on the backs of two horses ridden by his son John Wingate,\\nand his daughter Patty (Martha who married Edward Spaulding),\\nwhile he drove his cattle. This w^as in the early spring of 1787,\\nand his wife and other children followed in the fall of that year\\nthrough the Notch of the White Mountains. Mrs. Weeks made the\\njourney on horseback carrying her seven months old child (after-\\nward Mrs. A. N. Brackett) in her arms, and her youngest son,\\nJames Brackett Weeks, on the horse behind her.\\nThese newcomers were welcomed by the original settlers, and as", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "92 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthey were generally men of wider experience they rose to prom-\\ninence in the management of local and state affairs. Captain Weeks\\nwas chosen as the delegate of the district (consisting of Lancaster,\\nNorthumberland, Stratford, Dartmouth, Cockburnc, Colburne and\\nPercy) to the convention that ratified the Federal constitution. He\\nwas one of the fifty-seven delegates voting in favor of the constitu-\\ntion as against forty-six voting in the negative. In i 792 he repre-\\nsented the town in the general court, and held many other ofifices in\\nthe town. Those were days when a man was considered for his\\nworth and abilities rather than the length of his residence in the\\ntown, or the fact that he was born in it. So all these newcomers\\nfitted into some useful relation to the new community in which the\\\\-\\nhad cast their lot, and the lapse of time made them a homogeneous\\ncommunity.\\nMidway between General Bucknam s place and Isreals river Bry-\\nant Stevenson had taken up his residence at an earlier day, on\\nlands formerly owned by Col. Stephen Wilson, and now owned by\\nCapt. H. S. Hilliard. Capt. Stevenson was interested in the schools\\nof the town, and was for many years clerk of District No. 2.\\nSo rapid had been the increase of families in town that the num-\\nber of taxpayers had increased from ten in 1783 to fifty-nine in\\n1795 siicl there were ninety-one voters in 1799; and a year later\\nthe entire population had reached four hundred and forty.\\nAbout 1790 the settlement began to push up toward the higher\\nlands around Mts. Pleasant and Prospect. John Mclntire, a man of\\nremarkable powers of body and mind, though not as well educated\\nas his fellow townsmen, settled on the northerly slope of Mt. Pleas-\\nant. Here he developed a productive farm, and reared a large famil\\\\\\nof sixteen children. Mr. Mclntire was born in York, Me., Jan i, 1765,\\nand at the early age of sixteen volunteered as a soldier in the Revo-\\nlutionary army. His education was thus neglected, but he developed\\na ruggedness of body and mind that, in a large part, made up for\\nthe deficiency of his schooling. He was a man of sterling moral in-\\ntegrity and patriotism. It is said that he came into Lancaster at the\\nage of twenty-five with a yoke of oxen, an axe, and a bushel of salt\\nas his entire capital of worldly goods. He at once set to work and\\ncarved a home out of the forest. Few men were held in higher es-\\nteem than he was. He married Sally Stockwell, second daughter of\\nRuth Page and Emmons Stockwell. To them were born eleven\\nchildren John, Sallie, William, Mary, Mercy. Silas, Samuel, Susan,\\nEmmons, Dorothy, and Eben.\\nOn September 19, 18 12, his wife died. About a year later he\\nmarried Susanna Bucknam, the sixth daughter of P^^dwards Buck-\\nnam, and a cousin to his first wife. To them were born five chil-\\ndren Eunice, Edward, James, Jane, and Laura. His second wife", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "INCREASE OF POPULATION. 93\\ndied July 23, 1832, and he followed her April 5, 1850. He left an\\nhonored memory and a snug fortune to his many children who sur-\\nvived him, and who have been among the best citizens of the\\ntown.\\nAbout the time that we are now speaking of, Edward Spaulding,\\na lineal descendant of the noted Mrs. Dustin, settled on the northern\\nslope of Mt. Pleasant, a near neighbor to John Mclntire. He was\\nthe son of Daniel Spaulding (whose wife was Phebe Dustin), born\\nin Londonderry, N. H., and carried in his mother s arms to North-\\numberland in May, 1769, where they began life in a log cabin.\\nThese young emigrants started for this region, with a few articles for\\nhousekeeping, traveling on horseback. They reached Haverhill,\\nfrom which point there was only a path to their destination in North-\\numberland. They tarried over night with some family, and in their\\nhaste to get ready in the morning Mrs. Spaulding sat her baby down\\nupon the floor for a moment, when he crawled to the fireplace and\\npulled a kettle of hot water over upon himself, scalding his feet. In\\nconsequence of this accident, it was decided that Mr. Spaulding\\nshould go on alone to the north and leave his wife and child, to re-\\nturn for them in a short time. But not returning, as she expected\\nhim to do, on a given date, Mrs. Spaulding set out on foot to find\\nher husband, carrying her baby in her arms, with a small copper tea-\\nkettle, in which were packed some parcels of garden seeds to plant\\nwhen they got to their new home (this teakettle is now in the pos-\\nsession of her great-granddaughter, Mrs. Debby A. Kent, in Lan-\\ncaster). She traveled all day alone by a path marked by blazed\\ntrees. Just as night was settling down upon her she reached what is\\nnow known as Streeter s Pond, which she would have to ford. She\\ndecided to wait until morning before making the venture. She\\nlooked about her for the best shelter she could find, and having dis-\\nposed of her sleeping child and buried her kettle of priceless seeds, she\\nsank down, tired and lonely, to wait for the coming of the morning\\nlight which should enable her to press on to the north to find her\\nhusband, whom she feared had met with some misfortune, as he had\\nnot returned for her as soon as she had expected. Tired and anx-\\nious, she thought she would keep a sleepless vigil over her sleeping\\nchild to shield it from harm but her exhausted nature found re-\\nfreshment in a sound sleep that continued until the dawn of the\\nmorning for which she felt so anxious. She immediately renewed\\nher journey with the determination not to spend another night alone\\nin the forest. Just as the sun was casting its last slanting rays on\\nthe hilltops she spied a house in the distance. She had reached\\nLancaster, where she was made welcome and comfortable over the\\nnight. She started the next morning to make the last six miles of\\nher long and lonely journey, not knowing what fate might have be-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "94 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nfallen her husband. She found him there just ready to return for\\nher, after having delayed to erect a cabin to receive her.\\nHere they resided for many years. When Edward was about 2i\\nyears of age he married Martha Weeks and began the clearing of\\nthe farm we have mentioned. Martha Weeks was born in Green-\\nland, N. H., Dec. 20, 1 77 1, and came to Lancaster with her father\\nand brother, John W. Weeks, in 1786. Mrs. Spaulding was a re-\\nmarkable woman, well fitted to be the wife of such a sturdy pioneer\\nas was Mr. Spaulding. She was the mother of six children Edward\\nC, John W., William D., James B., Eliza W. (married William\\nMoore), Martha B. (married Charles D. Stebbins). Mrs. Spauld-\\ning lived to be nearly a hundred years old, having lived till 1871.\\nShe survived her husband some twenty-six years, he having died in\\n1845, at the age of seventy-nine.\\nEor ten years their first house, a log cabin, was small and without\\na floor. Then was built the house still standing on the old farm,\\nand now owned and occupied by James S. Peavey. Here Mrs.\\nSpaulding spent eighty-one years of her life, and was at the time of\\nher death the only person who had come to Lancaster as one of its\\noriginal settlers. The descendants of Mr. and Mrs. Spaulding are\\nnumerous, and have always occupied prominent places in the town.\\nJohn Hubbard Spaulding, a grandson of Edward and Martha Spauld-\\ning, assisted in building the first hotel on Mount Washington, and\\nfor some years conducted both the Summit and the Tip-Top houses.\\nHe also wrote a very interesting and valuable Guide, and Histori-\\ncal Records of the White Mountains, and various other matters of\\ninterest.\\nIt was in 1793 that Lancaster hospitably welcomed her first law-\\nyer in the person of Richard Claire Everett. Mr. Everett first came\\nto Lancaster in 1782. He was then a mere youth of eighteen years.\\nHe had but recently been discharged from the Revolutionary army,\\nafter the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Va., and with a Mr.\\nBlake and his wife came to Lancaster in search of a home. It is\\nsaid that this party came here from Providence, R. I., with all their\\nearthly effects loaded upon the back of one horse, and the three\\nadult persons walked, and carried loads themselves. As Mr. Blake\\nwas loaded nearly as heavy as his horse, and his wife less able than\\nyoung Everett to carry a baby, he brought it in his arms all the\\nway. He was an orphan boy, and having learned to help himself,\\nhad also learned to make himself helpful to others and all through\\nhis life this trait was characteristic of the man. It is said that his\\nextreme youthfulness and conditions excited the interest of General\\nWashington in him, and that he assigned the sixteen-year-old boy to\\nsome personal service about his headquarters. If he had served the\\nFather of his country, why not his friends in this menial capacity?", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Richard Clair Everett.\\nThe first lawyer and judge in Coos county.\\ni\\nAdino N. Brackett.\\nSali.v, \\\\Vid(j\\\\v of\\nGen. Edwards Bucknam.\\n(Taken on her rooth birthdav.)\\nMaj. John W. Weeks.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 95\\nBoth young Everett and Blake went to work for Major Wilder\\nsoon after coming here, and remained for some time in his service.\\nThese two men hauled salt through the White Mountain Notch\\nfor Major Wilder in the winter of 1782 and as the road was but a\\npath they had to clear it much of the way in order to allow of a sled\\npassing.\\nFeeling that his whole dependence was upon himself, young\\nEverett was industrious and economical, for he wanted to improve\\nhis education. He went to Hanover in the spring of 1783 to fit\\nhimself for college, and by much persistent effort he was making\\nsome progress in his undertaking when he suddenly discovered him-\\nself the heir to quite a sum of money, which he secured. He now\\nfound his way open for an education, and in due time was graduated\\nfrom Dartmouth college. He next turned his attention to the study\\nof law as a profession, with the intention of locating in Lancaster.\\nHaving completed his law studies, and being admitted to practice,\\nhe came to Lancaster in the spring of 1793, and soon was married\\nto Persis, daughter of Maj. Jonas Wilder, to whom he had been\\nengaged for a period of seven or eight years. During the fall and\\nwinter of that year he built the house now standing on the corner\\nof Main and High streets, known as the Cross House, it having\\nbeen for a long time occupied by Col. Ephraim Cross, his son-in-law.^\\nMr. Everett at once began to build up a law practice, and for\\nmany years was the leading lawyer in town. He was identified with\\nmany industries and enterprises in the town, was always public-\\nspirited, and did much to foster the interests of the community.\\nFor eleven years he attended the court sessions at Haverhill, the\\nshire town of Grafton county. Tradition says that he exercised a\\npotent influence in securing the erection of the new county of Coos\\nin 1803. He was the first to bear to Lancaster the welcome news\\nthat the spring term of the Court of Common Pleas for 1805 would\\nbe held in Lancaster, and at once set about getting ready to enter-\\ntain the court oflficers and lawyers that were expected to attend it.\\nHe built an addition to his house which was just large enough for\\nhis family. This addition, the north end of the present house above\\nreferred to, was to contain the guest-rooms for the distinguished\\npeople connected with work of the court. Tradition says that Judge\\nLivermore, Daniel Webster, Levi Woodbury, Ichabod Bartlett, and\\nJoseph Bell, among the old-time distinguished lawyers and jurists,\\nhave been entertained in those rooms. There was at that time no\\npublic house in Lancaster. Major Wilder kept transient travelers\\nthrough the town in his spacious dwelling-house, now known as the\\nHolton Place, at the north end of Main street. This house, the\\nfirst two-story frame house in town, was built in 1780. Religious\\nservices were held in it, and various other public assemblages con-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "96 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nvened there until there was a church building, and hotels, and halls\\nerected for their convenience.\\nThis influx of population hastened the opening- up of better roads,\\nand established better communication with the outside world. As\\nwe have seen elsewhere in speaking particularly of the roads, there\\nwas not a passably good road for vehicles of any kind into Lancaster\\nfrom any of the centres of trade from which the people must be\\nsupplied with such articles as they could not produce themselves at\\nhome. There was a sled road to Portland soon after 1780, and a\\npoor road to Haverhill, N. H. The river afforded the best road to\\nthe lower towns; but that was only passable a few months in mid-\\nwinter, with some elements of treachery even in that.\\nFor several years after the first settlers came here there was no\\nmill for grinding breadstuffs nearer than No. 4 (Charlestown), more\\nthan one hundred and twenty miles distant. No bulky furniture, or\\nany large implements of industry could be transported for several\\nyears as the roads did not admit of the passage of loaded vehicles\\nof transportation. Only the smaller articles that could be packed\\nupon horses or oxen could be brought through the narrow and\\nuneven paths the emigrants were compelled to travel over. These\\ninconveniences were, in a large part, overcome by the inherent\\ngenius and determination of the people to succeed. They had evi-\\ndently made up their minds to endure hardships and privations, in\\nshort, to make the most of circumstances that were not favorable to\\ncomfort. The men made all the implements they used with a few\\nsimple hand-tools they brought with them, such as axes, saws,\\naugurs, and drawing-knife. Every pioneer was probably more or\\nless skilled in the use of these simple tools by which so much has\\nbeen accomplished in the development of the industries of every\\ncivilized countr} I have seen, in the Alleghany Mountains, fifty\\nmiles beyond where a vehicle had ever penetrated, houses, and their\\nfurnishings made by the use of these few tools, and in which there\\nwas no metal used at all.\\nIt was not until far into the present century that Lancaster cast\\naside its simple constructions for the more artistic ones of the fac-\\ntory and machine shops. Every home was a sort of manufactory of\\nthe things most essential to pioneer life, and so remained, to a large\\nextent, until about 1825. Much of their clothing was made in the\\nhomes from wool and flax of their own production. Their leather\\nwas tanned at home by Dennis Stanley and others. Moose skins\\nwere dressed and made into moccasins, which they spelled moga-\\nsheens, at first, and later mogershins. I find that General Buck-\\nnam was skilled in that kind of work, and that he made moccasins\\nand leather breeches for his neighbors, and for Col. Joseph Whipple,\\nto be taken to other places for barter or sale.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 97\\nAmong the first wants of the community that could not be met\\nby every man for himself, were a mill, a blacksmith shop, and a tan-\\nyard.\\nWhen the families had grown too large, or the people s time was\\ntoo valuable for so slow a process as grinding, or rather crushing,\\ntheir grain in a wooden mortar, a mill became manifestly the great-\\nest need of their times. This, it is said, was sought to be supplied\\nby the erection of some sort of a mill run by horse-power some-\\nwhere at the north end of Main street; but for some reason it\\nproved to be a failure and was soon abandoned.\\nDavid Page tried to meet this urgent want of the settlement by\\nthe erection of a small mill on Indian brook, directly north of Bun-\\nker Hill, taking advantage of an old beaver dam as his supply of\\nwater and where a suf^cient fall was had to meet the requirements\\nof a tolerable water power. After this mill had been in operation\\nfor some time, and no doubt was looked upon as a great blessing\\nand the pride of the town, it took fire one night and all but its name\\nwas swept out of existence.\\nThe heart of Governor Page was no doubt heavy at this terrible\\ncalamity but the people who had come to look upon it as one of\\nthe handiest of their institutions must have felt equally, if not more,\\ndisappointed than its owner, for they had tired of the wooden pestle\\nand its coarse meal, and had become accustomed to a finer bread\\nproduced from the meal made at Governor Page s mill. Their cul-\\ntivated taste that had been catered to by the finer product of this\\nmill, received a shock that appealed to their sympathies and gener-\\nosity, and at the next town-meeting an appropriation of money was\\nvoted to David Page to help him rebuild his mill. The appropri-\\nation was a generous sum for those times, as it amounted to eighty-\\nfour pounds. This was voted at a meeting held June 8, 1773, and\\npaid Oct. 19, 1778, as shown by a receipt from Page to Colonel\\nBucknam who was collector for the proprietors. This tax amounted\\nto four dollars on each of the seventy landholders at that date.\\nAnother sum of sixty-six pounds was voted Governor Page at a\\nmeeting held Dec. 4, 1774, and paid June 13, 1774, for which I\\nhave the receipt given by Page to Bucknam. This last sum seems\\nto have been given because Governor Page abandoned his old site\\non Indian brook and located his new mill on the south fork of\\nIsreals river, just under the sand hill. To this mill he added a saw-\\nmill, which was, no doubt, the cause of an addition to the sum\\nvoted a little less than a year before. From this fact we see that\\nthe people had stirred themselves to assist Governor Page in build-\\ning these mills to meet growing wants in the settlement. They had\\nnow given a bonus of one hundred and fifty pounds to Governor\\nPage to encourage his enterprises. At his mills was evidently sawed\\ns", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "98 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe lumber for the first frame houses in town. Emmons Stockwell\\nerected a small frame building, now standing as the ell part of the\\ndwelling-house on the old Stockwell place. Here at Page s saw-\\nmill Major Wilder must have got the sawed lumber for his two-story\\nhouse (the Holton house), for his own sawmill and grist-mill on\\nIsreals river, just back of Whitney s Granite Works, was not built\\nuntil 1 78 1, and his house was built in 1780.\\nThe proprietors had voted, March 10, 1767, to give David Page\\ntwo hundred acres of land as a reward for bringing a set of black-\\nsmith s tools and maintaining a shop in town. We cannot learn\\nwith certainty whether Mr. Page ever complied with these conditions,\\nand built, and kept such a shop or not; but tradition says that the\\nfirst blacksmith shop was established at the north end of the present\\nvillage precinct at a very early day. One tradition places it on\\nMajor Wilder s lands near the north end of Main street. Be it as it\\nmay, the first shop was evidently kept somewhere in that locality.\\nAt a later date a Scotchman by the name of Clark Braden estab-\\nlished his smithy at the south end of the town near the Bucknam\\nneighborhood, and for many years conducted a business there.\\nThe reader will find the subject treated at length in Part II, Chapter\\nVII.\\nAs we have seen, the tan-yard of Dennis Stanley was located here\\nat a very early day, probably about 1778. For many years he did\\nthe business for the community, but when he became an old man\\nand gave up the business another tannery was started, this time in\\nthe village on Elm street, by David Burnside, opposite the S. W,\\nCooper house.\\nAnother public improvement that soon concerned the people was\\nsome means of crossing the Connecticut river at all times with safety\\nand convenience. The rich meadow lands across the river had led\\nthe very first settlers to make clearings on the Vermont side, and\\nsoon a number of important families located there, so that after a\\nlapse of twenty years there were living just across the river in\\nGuildhall and Lunenburg a number of families that found it con-\\nvenient to trade in Lancaster. Common interests bound them\\nclosely together, and it soon concerned them to have some means\\nof crossing the river with teams. It gave them no trouble to cross\\nin the earlier days, as every man would jump into his canoe and\\npaddle across the stream with ease but now had come a time\\nwhen people living on either side of the river wanted to cross it with\\ntheir teams. A bridge was out of the question for them. Their\\nonly hope lay in a ferry.\\nEdwards Bucknam, the natural leader of the communit}-, came\\nforward with the scheme of establishing a ferry. This enterprise,\\nhowever, would cost a considerable sum to equip and maintain;", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 99\\nand unless one could be reasonably sure of controlling the business\\nfor a term of years it would prove unprofitable. So a charter was\\nthought of as a means of protection of the interests of the invest-\\nment, and Bucknam sought such charter of the general court by\\npetition in 1784, for a ferry at the falls in Northumberland. The\\npetition for this charter is an interesting document, and we present\\nit here as illustrating the manner of doing business in those early\\ndays. It is as follows\\nThe Petition of Edwards Bucknam of Lancaster in the County of Grafton in\\nsaid State Humbly Sheweth that there are Cateracts or falls in the River Con-\\nnecticut adjoining Northumberland in said County convenient for building mills\\nand for keeping a ferry boat.\\nYour Petitioner is Now Actually erecting a set of mills both for sawing and\\ngrinding on said falls. Therefore prays that the Honorable Court would be\\npleased to grant and convey unto him his heirs and assigns the priveledge of\\nusing and improving the Earth and Waters between the Easterly and Westerly\\nBanks of said River in Width and in length the Distance of one mile Each way\\nfrom the center of said falls.\\nThis petition was favored by the grant of a charter, and Bucknam\\nkept a ferry there for a number of years, and then leased it as he\\ndid also with his mills.\\nBucknam s ferry was not entirely satisfactory to Lancaster people,\\nand in 1792 they petitioned the legislature for a charter to be\\nvested in the town as public property. This petition was signed by\\nsome of the most influential men in town, but the legislature refused\\nto grant it. To that document I find the names of the following\\npersons attached John Weeks, Emmons Stockwell, Jonas Baker,\\nJonas Wilder, Joseph Wilder, Edwards Bucknam, and Joseph\\nBrackett. The objection to granting a charter to the town is not\\nknown to me but the same year the legislature granted a charter\\nto Eleazar Rosebrook on the following petition\\nLancaster, June i, 1792.\\nTo the Hon General Court to be convened at Dover in said State the first\\nWednesday of said June\\nHumbly Sheweth Eleazar Rosebrook that he has opened and kept a Ferry\\nacross Connecticutt River at said Lancaster for several years past by means of\\nwhich the public have been considerably benefited and that during the time\\nwhich he has kept said ferry it has been rather an Expense to him than otherwise,\\nand most probably no great advantage can arise thereby for some time yet to\\ncome, though it may be profitable at some future period whereof he prays Your\\nHonors to grant him his heirs and assigns the exclusive priviledge of keeping a\\nferry across said River under such restrictions and regulations as may appear\\nproper and your Petitioner will ever Pray.\\nThis petition, with the one referred to above, was acted upon\\nsome months after presented, from which we infer that the legisla-\\nture took time to duly consider matters of this nature. Rosebrook s\\nLofC.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "lOO HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\npetition was granted, and a charter issued to him authorizing him to\\nkeep a ferry between Lancaster and Guildhall for the term of forty\\nyears, after which the right was to be vested in the town of Lancas-\\nter. Rosebrook s right was exclusive, with the exception that the\\ntown might keep all other ferries that be needed to accommodate\\ntravel between the towns adjacent to Lancaster. We shall see, in\\nthe chapter on roads, that John Weeks kept a ferry at the south\\nend of the town for the convenience of the people wishing to reach\\nthe lower settlement from Lunenburg and as the two towns were\\nsettled at the same time, and under the management of David Page,\\nintercourse between them was desirable. Communication could be\\nhad with less travel to the Bucknam neighborhood than that farther\\nup the river where Governor Page lived.\\nThose ferries were of more benefit to Lancaster, financially, than\\nto the other two towns that they connected with it, as it drew trade\\nto Lancaster, which was on the more direct roads to Haverhill and\\nPortland.\\nThe new community, then growing rapidly, had other concerns\\nthat engaged the attention of the people and showed the enterprise\\nand character of its citizens.\\nFrom the earliest times the people had subsisted largely upon\\nfish taken from the brooks and the Connecticut river. Every brook\\nwas full of the choicest trout, and the Great river, as they called the\\nConnecticut, was abundantly stocked with salmon. Every family, it\\nis said, made it a rule to salt down a barrel of salmon every year in\\nthe season for them. This was considered an evidence of prudence\\nand thrift; and if any family fell short of making this necessary\\nprovision for the many months that would intervene before the next\\nreturn of these fish, they were considered improvident, and were\\nsubject to some degree of condemnation or reproach among their\\nmore prudent neighbors.\\nThis condition of affairs pertaining to salmon lasted about twenty\\nyears, when it became evident that this important source of their\\nchoicest food was rapidly giving out, and scarcity would be expected\\nunless the free ascent of the river be guaranteed the fish. The\\npeople lower down the stream were taking, what seemed to the\\npeople of this section, an unfair advantage over the salmon by\\nerecting dams, pots, and weirs in the rapids of the river. By these\\ndevices the fish were stopped almost entirely from reaching the\\nupper portion of the river. The people in this town began to feel\\nthe evil effects of such wholesale slaughter of the salmon, and could\\nno longer provide themselves the necessary amount of salted fish\\nto carry them through the busy seasons of the year. They stood\\nit until the spring of 1788, when the fishermen about Walpole\\nobstructed the stream with their pots and other devices at Bellows", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. lOI\\nFalls to that extent that salmon were so scarce that fishing no\\nlonger yielded any meat to Lancaster.\\nThe people were incensed at such manifest unfairness in fishing,\\nand at once sought to bring the matter to the attention of the legis-\\nlature in hopes of having a stop put to that method of fishing.\\nAccordingly a petition was drawn up and signed by some of the\\nmost influential men in Lancaster. This was their only resource,\\nand they availed themselves of it in plain language, asking what\\nseems only a fair measure of encouragement to the brave men and\\nwomen who had put such a long distance between themselves and\\nthe ordinary sources of food supply. Their petition was as follows\\nState of New Hampshire To the Honorable General Court of the State\\nLancaster May, 17, 1788. S of New Hampshire\\nThe Petition of the inhabitants of Lancaster, Dartmouth, Northumberland\\nand Stratford and other inhabitants on Connecticutt River above Charlestown\\nHumbly Sheweth that there is a Create Number of Parsons that Live on\\nNear Connecticutt River, that make it their Business in the Time of the year that\\nSalmon are going up said River, to set Nets or Seens acrost the River in the\\nNeight other times, which Stop all the Salmon, and also Put or Place in Weres\\na sort of Pound or Pots in the Very Perticular Places where Salmon Pass or git up\\nthe Rapids in said River and Perticularly in the Crete falls at Walpole called\\nBellow s Falls, where a Number of Parsons have combined together, and have\\nplaced in them Pots or Pounds in the only Places where the Salmon can pass or\\ngit up Said falls, as there is But one or two Places that they Can any ways Pass\\nwhich in all Probability will Stop Every Salmon, as they have almost Done it in\\nyears Past. That those Parsons among us who used to Stabb with their Spears\\n18 or 20 Salmon in a Neight, they can now scarcely see a Salmon to Catch and if\\nthere Cant be some Stop to those obstructions we that are settling and Cultiva-\\nting the New lands at a great Distance from the Sea Coast, must be Deprived\\nof what the alwise being has in his Wisdom Provided for us, therefore your\\nPetitioners Pray that your Honors would take it under your wise Consideration,\\nand Pass Such act or acts that will Prevent any and all such Stoppages of the\\nSalmon being made in Connecticutt River through this State and your Peti-\\ntioners will Pray\\nEdwards Bucknam Joseph Brackett\\nJonas Baker Walter Philbrook\\nSamuel Johnson Francis Wilson.\\nJohn Weeks\\nThis action led to some restrictions being placed upon the stop-\\npage of the stream by the means complained of in the petition, and\\nsalmon continued to be reasonably plenty until some twenty years\\nlater after dams were built across the river at several points. The\\nfish found so many obstructions placed in their way that they did\\nnot reach points as high as Lancaster in quantities any longer.\\nThey gradually grew less, and at last entirely disappeared. Other,\\nbut inferior, kinds of fish continued plenty for many years but\\nsince so many sawmills and other factories have multiplied and pol-\\nluted the water, these have grown less plentiful. For many years\\nthe little pickerel hav^e been taken in considerable numbers in Lan-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ncaster. A few black bass are caught. The common river suckers\\nare quite plenty, but the cultivated taste of the people eschews\\nsucker these days. For many years the brook trout continued\\nplentiful, but even they are now scarce with all the effort the state\\nmakes to stock the brooks.\\nAs the fish supply gave out the people began to give more atten-\\ntion to raising their meats. They soon found that more reliance\\ncould be placed upon a well-stocked farm than a river that cunning\\nmen below them could seine or dam and clear of its fish so easily as\\nappears from their complaint in the above petition. From 1790\\nto the beginning of the present century the number of swine, sheep,\\nand cattle increased so rapidly that increased attention must have\\nbeen given to the breeding of these animals with a view to meeting\\nthe increasing demand for meats.\\nThe hunting of wild game became less and less an avocation and\\npartook more and more of the nature of a sport. It is related of\\none Caswell, a worthless sort of a hunter, that he started in one win-\\nter during the period of which we are speaking to kill a hundred\\nmoose. It appears that he came very near filling his number, leav-\\ning the carcasses to lie upon the ground to rot. The people be-\\ncame so incensed, however, at his diabolical waste that they banded\\ntogether and drove him out of the country by threats of dealing\\nsummary vengeance upon him if caught.\\nHunting as a recreation and sport has always continued a chief\\nfeature of Lancaster life. Almost everybody hunts and fishes at\\nsome season of the year yet, though game has not been plentiful for\\nmany years.\\nFor more than a century past hunting and fishing afforded the\\nchief respite from toil and the monotony of country life, and many\\na jolly party of the hard-working pioneers made the woods resound\\nwith the discharge of their old smooth-bores and fiint-locks, and the\\nhearty laugh at the fine shots one another made, or did not make.\\nInteresting anecdotes have come down to us of their hunting bouts,\\nbrave or cowardly encounters with bears and other fierce, wild ani-\\nmals. The strategy or bravery one displayed in the chase won for\\nhim the praise of his neighbors, and guaranteed the connection of\\nhis name with the best stories that would be told by the crowd that\\ngathered in the stores and taverns after the day s work was done. It\\nis fair to presume that then, as now, a fish grew more rapidly in the\\nstories told about it than it did in the river or brook and that the\\nbears were much more fierce in the story than they were in the\\nwoods, for there is no animal that exceeds a bear in cowardice. But\\nit afforded pleasure to those old-time hunters to bring in a good lot\\nof game, and it probably did not partake of that barbarous spirit\\nthat characterizes our modern so-called sportsmen, who go about", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. IO3\\nthe forest destroying animal life in the most indiscriminate manner,\\nas if to merely kill some inoffensive animal afforded pleasure or\\nwas an evidence of skill. There is but little gunning done to-day\\nthat would not bring the blush of shame to the faces of our grand-\\nfathers if they could behold their degenerate offspring indiscrimi-\\nnately destroying innocent and useful animal life that can neither\\ngive advantage nor pleasure to a man with a heart of flesh in him\\nand an enlightened mind. Fortunately our law-makers have of late\\nyears been striving to afford animal life some protection against the\\ndegenerate brutes in human guise. Lancaster was one of the first\\ntowns to see the necessity of such protection and for many years\\nit has lent the weight of public opinion to every endeavor to limit\\nuseless waste of animal life, and to encourage the increase of fish\\nand game.\\nAnother question that deeply concerned the town was that of its\\nback taxes. As we have seen, the taxes during the war and imme-\\ndiately after it, fell very heavily upon the people who had about ex-\\nhausted all their resources to defend themselves, and as they be-\\nlieved, the country below them from invasion by the British army\\nand its allies. This was, to a considerable extent, true so far as\\nstopping the French and Indians from reaching points lower down\\nthe river which they no doubt would have done but for the prompt\\naction of these few upper towns. This, the people thought, en-\\ntitled them to some recompense or release from taxes that fell so\\nheavily upon them at the time as to forebode much difficulty and\\nsuffering if they had to be paid at a time of such great scarcity of\\neverything that could be converted into money. Besides they had\\nexpended a sum more than equal to all the tax claims of the state\\nagainst them to support the scouts, build forts, and repulse the in-\\nvaders during the war. All this they either taxed themselves for or\\ngenerously advanced at the time it was needed. With the excep-\\ntion of a little assistance at the. very outset of the Revolution by a\\nsingle company of soldiers, these men had fought their own battles,\\nor rather got ready to fight them, as they supposed they should be\\ncalled upon to do, and stood guard at what was agreed by all to be\\na very vulnerable point on the frontier of the country. It was only\\nfair that they should now at this time appeal to the state to render\\nthem some relief either by allowing their bills for services rendered,\\nor through the abatement of all or a portion of the large tax bills.\\nThe people went to the legislature and asked an accounting and gen-\\nerous consideration of their unfavorable situation. The matter hav-\\ning been brought before the house of representatives was referred to\\na committee that reported to the house on February 22, 1786, a\\nrecommendation of abatement to offset all the claims of the town\\nagainst the state for scouting services, building forts, and other sup-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "104 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nplies during the war. These taxes had been levied to furnish army\\nsupplies and here was a little band of men who supplied them-\\nselves the same things that the state was furnishing to other soldiers\\nin the field, but not to these Upper Coos men. That committee\\ngrouped together in their recommendations Lancaster, Dartmouth,\\nNorthumberland and Stratford, giving the same relief to them all.\\nThis was a wise measure, one best calculated to accomplish the\\nrelief that was asked for; and the people received it with glad\\nhearts. What they had done during the war was cheerfully done,\\nbut at the same time it exhausted their limited means to a degree\\nthat made it a great sacrifice. Had they been required to pay\\nthese taxes they would have been bearing a double burden, unless\\ntheir claims for services and supplies had been allowed. The legis-\\nlature took into account the facts that these people lived far re-\\nmoved from the rest of the population of the state, their constant\\nexposure to a savage enemy, the discouragements of the people due\\nto the withdrawal of so many of their young men to enter the Con-\\ntinental army, and the desertion of others, the amount of time the\\ninhabitants of these towns had spent in the service of their country\\non an exposed frontier in scouting and building forts, and that their\\ncontinuing in this threatened section and keeping their families here\\nwas a great advantage to the state as it relieved it from keeping an\\narmy here to hold the savage allies of the British army in check, al-\\nlowing the use of the regular soldiers at other points of greater\\nadvantage to the cause of American independence. Following the\\nrecital of all these generous acts on the part of these Upper Coos\\ntowns that committee closed their report as follows\\nYour committee, therefore beg leaf to report, as their unanimous opinion,\\nthat said towns be discharged from all arrearages of taxes for soldiers, beef, rum,\\nand all other requisitions on them by this state prior to the year 1784 and that\\nthe Treasurer be directed to discharge the same accordingly and that full abate-\\nment or discharge of taxes be considered as a full satisfaction for all accounts of\\nscouting, alarms c which said towns may have against the state to the present\\ntime.\\nThis measure afforded the people great relief, and no doubt had\\nsome weight in influencing home-seekers to locate here. It added\\nto the value of the lands then being put upon the market by many\\nof the non-resident owners. The people went about their tasks, no\\ndoubt, with lighter hearts. Their burdensome taxes were cancelled\\nby an uncertain account against the state.\\nIn the year 1786 a new valuation of the towns was returned. The\\nreturn for Lancaster is interesting as showing the ability of the peo-\\nple to pay taxes in that year. The rate was one half of one per\\ncent, of the nominal value of property, and yielded the following\\nsum of taxes, which I give just as it stands on the town records\\nagainst the several taxpayers, resident and non-resident:", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS,\\n105\\nJonas Wilder\\nCapt. D. Page\\nLt, Emmons Stockwell\\nEdwards Bucknam\\nMoses Page\\nDennis Stanley\\nSaml. Johnson\\nJames Mchard\\nSteph. Jennison\\nRichd. Stalbird\\nElisha Wilder\\nWalter Bloss\\nJonath. Willard\\nPeter Blanchard\\nWilliam Johnson\\nEph. Griggs\\nJonath. Hartwell\\nDarby*\\nJoseph Lacoos\\nJohn Wilder\\n\u00c2\u00a36-\\n3\\n15\\n10.\\n2\\n15\\nGO.\\n2\\n19\\n6.\\n2\\n2\\n7-\\n2\\n10\\n6.\\nI\\n9\\n6.\\nI\\n3\\n6.\\n12\\n00.\\n17\\n00.\\nI\\n6\\nGO.\\n14\\nOG.\\n16\\nGG.\\n14\\n00.\\n12\\nOG.\\n12\\n00.\\n12\\nOG.\\n12\\nOG.\\n12\\nGG.\\n12\\nGO.\\nNon-resident valuation.\\n.^31 II-\\nGen. Moses Hazen\\nhas 24 righ\\nts at\\noar\\nght at\\nye half of i Pr cent is\\n3\\n12\\n00.\\nJohn Molineaux\\n5 rights in Cat Bow\\nI\\nIG\\nOG.\\nJacob Treadwell\\n2 do\\n6\\nGO.\\nAmi Cutter\\nI do\\n3\\nGG.\\nHenry Prescott\\n2 do\\n6\\nGO.\\nMeshech Weare\\nI do\\n3\\nOG.\\nCapt. Weeks\\n2 do\\n6\\nOG.\\nMoses Blake\\nI do\\n3\\nGO.\\nC. Ward Apthorp\\n7 rights\\nI\\nI\\nGO.\\n\u00c2\u00a37-\\n-10\\nGG.\\nTotal\\n\u00c2\u00a339\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nI\\n9-\\nThis interesting record presents some very important features to\\nthe student of Lancaster s history. Here we have an entire, nominal\\nvaluation of less than forty thousand dollars held by twenty-nine\\npersons, nine of whom are non-residents holding forty-five seven-\\ntieths (45-70) of the lands of the entire township, and paying ^y,\\n10 s., while the twenty men holding twenty-five seventieths\\n(25-70) of the lands paid \u00c2\u00a3^,1, 1 1 s., 9 d., or more than 62 per-\\ncent, of the entire tax.\\nMore than that, the non-residents refused to pay their taxes, in\\nmany instances, and made it necessary for the resident taxpayers to\\nsell the lands of the non-residents. They generally got the taxes\\ncollected in this way, and at the same time it put some of the lands\\n*This was probably Isaac Darby, the noted old miller and gunsmith, of whom many anecdotes\\nare told.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "I06 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nheld for speculative purposes on the market so that actual settlers\\ncould buy it. Some of the non-residents were men of good purposes\\nthey bought land with the expectation of settling upon it; but in\\nsome instances like that of General Hazen, misfortune prevented\\nthem from carrying out their designs, which had they been able to\\ndo the community would have greatly profited by it. More than a\\nmile square of these lands formerly held by non-residents had fallen\\ninto the hands of Major Jonas Wilder, who appears from the above\\nvaluation, to have been the richest man in town in 1786. His hold-\\nings extended from the Holton place to Isreals river and to a\\npoint near where the Boston and Maine railroad crosses the river,\\nthus giving him the finest lot of land in town, and upon which the\\nvillage was destined to be built. He had moved upon his large\\ntract and built an elegant house, and had shown himself one of the\\nmost hospitable of men. His house was the temporary home of any\\nemigrant who came this way in search of a place to build up a home\\nof his own. Town meetings and religious services were held in his\\nhouse. In every way he had proven himself in hearty accord with\\nthe people. The other men of considerable means were David Page^\\nEmmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam, Moses Page, Dennis Stanley,\\nSamuel Johnson, James Mchard, and Richard Stalbird. These nine\\nmen paid more than half of the taxes at the time of which we are\\nspeaking. The wealth of those men was in lands they had im-\\nproved. There was very little property outside of lands and their im-\\nprovements at that time. Unimproved lands had a nominal value of\\nthirty pounds per right of over two hundred and seventy acres.\\nThus we see how the burden of taxation fell upon the hard toil of\\nthe men who had done so much to settle the town. There need be\\nlittle wonder if men should have grown tired of that sort of thing\\nand sought a way to equalize the burden of taxes, for they were a\\nburden. The proportion of the taxes that fell upon the labor of the\\ncommunity was too great. The question of it had been growing\\nmore and more serious every year for at least a decade, and now the\\ntime had come when the injustice could be borne no longer. The\\nmatter had, no doubt, been discussed at every fireside in town, and\\nat every chance meeting of the taxpayers. It was now thought\\nbest to discuss it in a special town meeting where some action could\\nbe taken to bring the matter to some sort of test and settlement.\\nAccordingly the selectmen called a meeting of the voters at the house\\nof Major VVilder as the following notice or warrant shows\\nWhereas Sundry Persons inhabitants of the Town of Lancaster have repre-\\nsented to us the subscribers, that it is necessary there should be a meeting called\\nof all the male inhabitants of said town to consider and act on several matters for\\nthe benefit of the inhabitants thereof and the good of the Publick When met first\\nto chose a moderator to Govern said meeting 2nd. To see if the town will raise\\nany money to repair the roads in said Town or to Hire Preaching a few more", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 10/\\nSundays or for schools etc. 3rd. To see if the Town will agree to and sign a\\nPetition to send to the General Court of the State of New Hampshire for a tax of\\n3 pence on each acre of Land on the whole Town of Lancaster for the purpose of\\nmaking a Bridge over Isreals River repairing roads etc. 4th. To chose some\\nPerson to attend on the General Court at Charlestown the 2nd Wednesday of\\nSept. next to carry in said Petition to said Court also to raise some money for the\\nPurpose of Gitting said Petition through Court or for the expense of any Person\\nthat may undertake the Business in Behalf of the town. Therefore we the sub-\\nscribers do hereby notify and warn all the male inhabitants and voters of the\\nTown of Lancaster to meet at the Dwelling House of Major Jonas Wilder on\\nFriday the 31, Day of this instant August, 1787.\\nEdwd. Bucknam\\nSaml. Johnson Selectmen.\\nJonas Wilder\\nThe citizens answered that call, and after deliberating upon the\\nproposition to petition for a tax on all lands, appointed a committee\\nconsisting of Jonas Wilder, Edwards Bucknam and Emmons Stock-\\nwell, to draw up a petition and sign it on behalf of the town. This\\nduty they performed on September 4, 1787; and the petition was\\nduly presented to the legislature and carried through by Col.\\nJoseph Whipple, for which service the town voted him seven pounds\\nand ten shillings at the March meeting in 1788. This petition the\\nreader will find in Chapter VII; on roads.\\nThis tax proved to be a radical measure that drew from the selfish\\nnon-residents a portion of the aid they should have gladly rendered\\nto assist in the development of the roads and other public improve-\\nments that enhance the value of landed estates more than anything\\nelse. They yielded grudgingly to the calls of the tax-collector\\nand in many instances they suffered their lands to be sold for the\\ntaxes. This the town ofificers did promptly, for they had become\\naroused and determined that every man holding lands should do his\\nduty by the struggling town.\\nThe act passed by the legislature was just what the petitioners\\nasked for, the right to tax all lands not comprehended in what were\\nknown as public rights. The church, school, and glebe rights\\nwere regarded as public grants.\\nDartmouth college had acquired something over fifteen hundred\\nacres of land in town in the year 1782, and as there was, at some\\nprevious time, an act passed by the legislature exempting the lands\\nof this college from public taxes, the institution undertook to evade\\nthis 3-penny tax in 1788. Although the legislature did not intend\\nto repeal the act exempting the college lands from taxes this last\\nact virtually did do so. At all events that was the interpretation the\\ntown officers put upon it and they went ahead to collect it by\\na sale of the lands. The Rev. John Wheelock, president of the\\ncollege, wrote several times to the selectmen to stay proceedings\\nbut it was of no avail. One of his letters to the selectmen throws some", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "I08 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nlight on the early disposal of some of the original rights, and I deem\\nit of sufificient interest to insert here. It is as follows\\nDartmouth College, Oct. 28, 1788.\\nGentlemen,\\nYou are doubtless acquainted that by a particular Act of our General Assem-\\nbly the lands belonging to this College are all freed and exempted from public\\ntaxes of this and of the lands belonging to the College in the town of Lancas-\\nter I have written sent several times to the Selectmen of said town, and once\\nsent them a copy of the act of the Assembly concerning the same You have\\nprobably seen the copy the act can be seen at any time in the Secretary s office.\\nI am informed that there is a grant of a tax to be levied on the lands, and as\\ntaxes may arise from time to time on the lands, tho I suppose you are already\\nsufficiently acquainted with the lands of the College there and of their exemption\\nfrom taxes, Yet, for fear any difficulties disadvantages may possible arise I have\\nembraced the present opportunity to write the folowing, being the lands which\\nbelong to the College in your town\\nTwo hundred twenty acres to the right of Jonathan Grant\\nTwo hundred twenty acres to the right of Joseph Marble\\nTwo hundred twenty acres to the right of Thomas Rogers\\nTwo hundred twenty acres to the right of Joshua Tolford and about\\nTwo hundred thirty acres in each of the rights of\\nDaniel Warner Esq. Nath. Bartlett Esq. exclusive of their house\\nand meadow lots.\\nThe whole of the aforesaid lands amounting to about fifteen hundred and\\nsixty acres of land Recorded in Grafton ss 23 Augst. 1782\\nI have given this notification to prevent any damage that might arise to those,\\nwho should sell them and pursuant to the Act of assembly, and in behalf of\\nthe trustes desire you would attend to the matter, that there be no sale of any of\\nsaid lots for taxes, they being the property of College\\nI am with truest esteem. Gentlemen,\\nSigned in behalf of J Wheelock, President,\\nthe Trustees of\\nDart College\\nTo the Selectmen of the town of Lancaster.\\nThe people of Lancaster were doubtless well acquainted with the\\ncollege s holdings of lands in the town and its liability for taxes\\nunder their special act, as is shown above. The taxes were laid and\\ncollected as the town ofhcers meant they should be without favor\\nto anyone.\\nAfter the Dartmouth college lands had been sold for delinquent\\ntaxes, the selectmen gave the institution the following notice\\nLancaster Sept. 9th. 1789.\\nSir\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWe have received one or two letters from you respecting your lands in Lancas-\\nter that they are free from Taxes by an Act of the Genl. Court of the state of New\\nHampshire the said Court has also laid a Tax of two pence Pr acre for the year\\n1788 I P Pr acre for three years following on all the lands in Lancaster to re-\\npair roads and to build Bridges in said town, Publick Rights only Excepted, the\\nLands that you own are not out of Publick Rights and as the act for the tax above\\nmentioned was Passed some time after the Court had Passed the act to Clear your", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.\\n109\\nlands ot Taxes and our act says on all the Lands in Lancaster savin r Publick\\nRights therefore we conseave of it that your Lands are as liable to be calld upon\\nfor the afore sd tax as any of the lands in said Town and we have given the same\\nNotice in the New Hampshire Gazette for owners of the land to Do the work and\\nhave advertised your lands with other Delinquents for sale and all of your Lands\\nwere sold at Publick Vendue last March to Pay the 2d Tax, Therefore we thought\\nit no more than reasonable to acquaint you of it seasonably\\nWe are Sir\\nYour most Obedient Humble Servants\\nEdwds. Bucknam\\nLdwds. Bucknam\\nJonas Wilder Se ectmen\\nJohn Weeks Lancast\\nLancaster.\\n_ The tone of this letter indicates the pubh c sentiment on the ques-\\ntion of taxing non-residents. The people were determined that\\nthese should pay their taxes as well as residents. The resident tax-\\npayer had this advantage over the non-resident, he could work out\\nthe road tax, while the non-resident had either to pay it in money\\nor see his lands sold. The matter was a vexatious one, but the peo-\\nple were fully aroused by the inequality and injustice that had pre-\\nvailed so long, and were determined to make every landholder do\\nhis duty. The beginning of the end was in sight, though it took\\nfully twenty years to entirely eradicate the evil. A general law,\\npassed by the legislature early in the present century, established a\\nuniformity of procedure that settled all the conflicts over the non-\\nresident s taxes.\\nIn all new settlements land constitutes the first wealth of the peo-\\nple, and for a certain period they have little other wealth. A por-\\ntion of that wealth is always required to construct roads and bridges,\\nto establish communication with older settlements in which they\\nmust find their markets, both to buy and sell in. It was so with\\nLancaster. One feature of the situation was rather exaggerated the\\ndistance from the older settlements was very great more than eighty\\nmiles. Much of that distance was an unbroken forest, making It a\\ngreat undertaking for a mere handful of pioneers to build roads and\\nat the same time make a living for their families. That every land-\\nholder should have been called upon to do his proportional share of\\nthat work was just and honest.\\nThe Revolutionary struggle had kept the settlement back in its\\ndevelopment, so that at the end of twenty years it was little farther\\nadvanced than it should have been at the end of the first ten years.\\nWe have seen that soon after the close of that period there were only\\nten taxable men in town. The people had lost rather than gained\\nground in that time. They had spent much of their time and sub-\\nstance in watching the frontier from attacks by a dangerous foe.\\nThey had reached a point when their families were increasing, new\\nwants were confronting them, and they even had some commodities", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "no HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nto carry to market to exchange for the necessities of Hfe but their\\nroads were almost impassable and the streams without bridges. The\\nstate was forced to leave the people to their own resources in the\\nmatter. We cannot wonder at their resolute determination to call\\neveryone who was to profit by better roads to help to make them.\\nThe problem of taxation is always beset by difificulties the wis-\\ndom of no generation has been equal to the task of divesting it of\\nall features of inequality. The selfish and dishonest of any commu-\\nnity can shirk their just share of the burden for a time but the suf-\\nferers after a while reach a point where endurance of the wrong is\\nunbearable, and they demand a reckoning with the delinquents. It\\nis not any more so in old communities than in new ones; but in the\\nnew community the veil that covers the wrong is thinner, and the\\nevil is easier of discovery. It was so with the Lancaster of a hun-\\ndred years ago.\\nOnce the people paid their taxes and ceased to avoid them under\\nany pretexts, the community settled down to a peaceful attitude\\ntoward the question of taxation, and we see no signs of dissatisfac-\\ntion for a long time, or until other abuses grew up, and then com-\\nplaint was made against the selfish and dishonest. And so it will\\nalways be until men are all honest and generous, actuated by a patri-\\notic and public spirit.\\nThe town, having gotten its policy of public improvements iully\\nset in motion, entered upon a period of prosperity that has never\\nbeen equaled since. From the first settlement of the town it was\\nstrictly an agricultural community. The people raised their own\\nbread and meat until somewhere about 1832, when through a neg-\\nlect of the farms to engage in land speculations there came to be a\\nshortage of grain to meet the demands of the community. This was\\ndue to several causes, as we shall see later; but during the early\\nyears grain was exported to a considerable extent. I have used\\nthe term export, as I find that the people used it at the time of\\nwhich I am speaking, due to a sort of provincial spirit that charac-\\nterized the community for many years.) The farms were produc-\\ntive, and the people were economical as well as industrious. To\\nproducts of their grain fields they soon added those of their herds\\nand dairies. Fat cattle, hogs, sheep and fowl were abundant enough\\nto afford the old-time drovers and merchants prosperous business\\nfrom about 1790 until quite far into the present century.\\nIn the days of the old turnpike through the White Mountain\\nNotch it was one of the common sights in winter to see trains of\\nteams half a mile in length, loaded down with butter, cheese, dressed\\nhogs, lard, and poultry on the way to Portland. Willey, in his His-\\ntory of the White Mountains, pp. 1 1 1, 112, describes such a scene,\\nas follows Well can we remember the long train of Coos teams", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. Ill\\nwhich used to formerly pass through Conway. In winter, more par-\\nticularly, we have seen lines of teams half a mile in length the\\ntough, scrubby, Canadian horses harnessed to pungs, well loaded\\ndown with pork, cheese, butter, and lard, the drivers rivaling almost\\nthe modern locomotive and its elegant train of carriages in noise and\\nbluster. Such scenes had been common for many years. Near\\nthe close of the last century pot and pearl ash were added to this\\nlist of commodities, and for many years were one of the staples of\\ntrade between the Lancaster merchants and wholesale dealers in Bos-\\nton and Portland. The merchants here took the article in trade for\\ngoods of all descriptions as readily as they did money. They some-\\ntimes took the ashes and made the pot, or pearl ash, themselves.\\nThe commoner name was salts of lye. This profitable product\\nled the people to make an onslaught upon their timber that, while it\\ntided them over a time of great scarcity, yet wasted a wealth of tim-\\nber that in later years would have been of much greater value to\\nthem. They cannot be blamed, however, of being short sighted.\\nNo one then could have foreseen that timber was destined to en-\\nhance in value. It was so abundant that every easy device of get-\\nting rid of it was counted as a gain to civilization. This destruction\\nof the forest opened an ever-increasing portion of the lands to pas-\\nturage and cultivation, so there was some small gain in even the de-\\nstruction of their forests.\\nAs the grass sprung up in the openings made by the conversion\\nof the wood into potash, cattle must have been allowed to run at\\nlarge, for we note the fact that the town meetings began, about\\ntwenty years after the settlement, to elect hog reves and fence\\nviewers. At a town meeting in 1783, it was voted that hogs\\nproperly yoked and ringed may run at large. The yoking of hogs\\nwas voted on at several meetings, from which fact we infer that hogs\\nhad come to be abundant and unruly.\\nAt an adjourned town meeting, March 15, 1784, it was voted to\\nbuild a pound between Maj. Jonas Wilder s and the Bridge place\\nor fordway over Isreals River, and that Maj. Wilder be the Pound\\nKeeper. This order was undoubtedly carried out. The pound must\\nhave been located somewhere on the lands of Major Wilder, which\\nextended more than half way from his house to the fordway over\\nIsreals river, although I have been unable to locate it, or even get\\nhold of any traditions of it. There is a tradition that the first pound\\nwas built near the old meeting-house common, on Portland street.\\nThe pound here referred to was the second one, and was authorized\\nto be built by a committee chosen at the annual meeting March 8,\\n1 791, To build a Pound on such spot in said town as they think\\nbest. The committee saw fit to locate this prison of stray cattle at\\nthe southeast corner of meeting-house common. It was a well-con-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "112 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nstructed pound of stone walls, capped with hewn logs, and a strong\\ngate. Here the unruly animals were brought to order for many a\\nyear; and although this old structure has long since passed away its\\nsuccessors have lingered in that vicinity until the present day.\\nIn all new communities cattle and hogs run at large, and after a\\ntime are the source of much annoyance to the people. Many petty\\nconflicts arise over the depredations of jumping cows and horses,\\nand the rooting hogs. Lancaster, no doubt, had its full share of\\nthese troubles in early times.\\nOf the mercantile pursuits before the beginning of the present\\ncentury we know but very little, and that is quite fragmentary. That\\nEdwards Bucknam and David Page kept small stocks of goods in\\ntheir own houses for trafific is certain but they were not merchants.\\nThey were men of almost every sort of occupations that life in a new\\ncountry called for. Especially was this true of Bucknam, who could\\nturn a hand at anything that needed to be done. The time came,\\nhowever, when Lancaster had what we may truly call a store,\\nbecause it was kept in a separate building used for that specific\\npurpose by a man who had no other vocation or avocations. Directly\\nfollowing the French revolution, when there was a change of adminis-\\ntration in France, one John Toscan, who had been the consular\\nagent of his government at Portland, Me., finding his government\\nturned out, and the situation at home one of danger to the ofificers\\nof the former government, came to Lancaster with a stock of goods,\\nand locating in the neighborhood of Bucknam and Weeks, continued\\nto carry on a store for some years, with reasonable success, until his\\nstore was burned, when he returned to Pordand, and later returned to\\nhis native country when the revolutionary storm had blown over and\\nthe old regime was restored. Toscan s store stood on the south side\\nof the road on the farm now owned by Edward Woodward on or near\\nthe spot where a new house was erected during the present year.\\nAs near as we can learn Toscan came here either in 1794, or 1795,\\nand remained probably six or eight years. The neighborhood in\\nwhich he settled his business was then probably the most densely\\npopulated one in the town, as there were some twenty families living\\nin that part of town early in the present century.\\nThe next important mercantile venture was at the north end of\\nMain street by Stephen Willson, in 1799. I have before me his\\nledger from October 13th, 1799, to 1805. Willson kept his store in\\nthe tavern building, then standing where the Benton residence now\\ndoes on the westerly side of the street. The old building was later\\nmoved out to the street and northward, and still stands in a good\\nstate of preservation, and doing service as a tenement house. Here\\nMr. Willson sold dry goods, groceries, hardware, rum, and all sorts\\nof things needed in a new country. He took in payment almost as", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "COMING OF NEW INDUSTRIES. II 3\\ngreat a variety of things as he sold kimber, hay, butter, cheese,\\npoultry, pigeons, pork, furs, yarn, socks, flax and the labor of male\\nand female customers. He honored all sorts of orders drawn upon\\nhim and his neighbors, and took in payment for his goods a greater\\nvariety of evidences of debt than any bank of exchange would accept\\nto-day as collaterals for its advances to its customers.\\nAll those early mercantile ventures were failures, however, to their\\nowners but without them what an amount of privation there would\\nhave been experienced in the community no man can tell. Every\\nman in a new settlement can do almost everything for himself but act\\nas his own merchant at a distance of nearly a hundred miles from\\nthe markets. This some of them did for a while but the time\\ncame when they could no longer afford to do this. The division\\nof labor had begun, and the post of trader at a margin on what\\nhe sold, and on what he took in exchange for it, had its temptations\\nfor men who had never had any training in those pursuits, and con-\\nsequently did not discover the leaks until their ship was ready to\\nsink. They were virtually public benefactors instead of speculators.\\nSylvanus Chessman was another of those early merchants. His real\\noccupation was that of a blacksmith but he had such avocations as\\ntavern-keeping, and store-keeping. Their motive in trading was un-\\ndoubtedly gain, but they were always disappointed, unless the con-\\nsciousness of serving their neighbors better than themselves satis-\\nfied them. No merchant ever made trade pay here until Royal\\nJoyslin, a trained merchant of considerable experience, came and\\nbrought as his clerk, the late Richard P. Kent. They brought expe-\\nrience to the business and made it pay. That time did not come,\\nhowever, until the end of the first quarter of the present century.\\nAll such ventures before then had brought disaster to those who\\nundertook them. A number of men lost much of their savings in\\ntheir inexperienced mercantile enterprises, during that period of ex-\\nperiment.\\nThere was no manufacturing of any kind during this early period,\\nand very little until about 1830. There were blacksmiths, carpenters,\\nshoemakers, tanners, and possibly a few other skilled workmen but\\nevery family had to spin and weave their own cloth, and make their\\nclothes themselves. A few rude articles of furniture were made by\\nthe more skilful persons, and that with the rudest implements. There\\nis still in existence among the heirs of Emmons Stockwell a table\\nmade of a slab of a log dressed down with an axe, possibly smoothed\\nwith a plane, and the legs carved with a pocket knife. Some furni-\\nture was brought to town at an early date through the White Moun-\\ntain notch but the majority of the people could not afford much in\\nthe way of such luxuries during the first quarter of a century of the\\ntown s settlement. The native ingenuity of the first settlers must\\n9", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "114 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nhave reveled in making all sorts of things after there was a sawmill\\nto turn out boards, of which to make tables, benches, chests, boxes,\\ndrawers and all sorts of handy things to make life easy in the wilder-\\nness. These are matters of speculation, however, and I leave it to\\nthe reader s fancy to reproduce the scenes of a busy and happy life\\nthough full of simplicity and guilelessness.\\nCHAPTER X.\\nA TRANSITION PERIOD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANCASTER\\nFROM 1 800 TO 1850.\\nDuring the first half of the present century Lancaster was pass-\\ning through a long, tedious transition from a frontier community to\\nthat of a town in touch with the whole state, as the town has since\\nbeen. For a period covering three generations the town was so\\nisolated that in many respects it was almost a republic by itself. As late\\nas 1 79 1, the general court refused to seat the representative of the\\nclass of towns to which Lancaster then belonged, on the ground\\nthat there was insufficient evidence that the election returns were\\nsufficiently correct to warrant their acceptance by the court. The\\nmeans of communication between the extremely northern towns of\\nthe Upper Coos were so poor that when William Cargill presented\\nhimself as the people s representative that year, instead of trying to\\ninform themselves on the question of the regularity of the election\\nthe house refused to recognize him as the easiest way of settling\\nthe question. His election, however, appears to have been regular,\\nand he was entitled to his seat. The following year when Capt.\\nJohn Weeks succeeded Mr. Cargill as the representative of the\\nclassed towns the same objection was raised but the captain was\\nnot so easily turned down and out. He had gone to the court to\\nrepresent these towns, and he represented them but it was not\\nuntil he had met a vigorous opposition, and defeated it, that he was\\nseated in the court. He at once set about the project of securing\\na new classing of his town with such other towns as would enable\\nthe people to have proper recognition in the legislature. Through\\nthe petition of the town that object was attained. The desire to\\nbring the settlements of this northern section into active relations\\nwith the machinery of the state did not stop there a new county\\nwas demanded, and the demand was kept up until it was granted.\\nStill this section was so far divided from the older sections of the\\nstate, and by nothing so much as by poor roads, that it was at a\\npositive disadvantage during the whole of the period I have desig-\\nnated as that of its transition. The products of the farms were\\nworth but little more than enough to carry them to markets at long", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. II5\\ndistances over bad roads. The wealth of timber with which the\\ntown abounded could not be marketed, save as it was converted\\ninto pot and pearl ashes, which reduced their bulk and increased in\\na considerable measure their marketable condition. The cattle, and\\nother live stock, raised in large quantities were so far from market\\nthat they brought only a poor return for the expense of raising and\\ndriving to market. It was true the people lacked nothing of the\\nnecessities of life they had plenty to eat, and as for clothing they\\nraised flax and wool in sufficient quantities to dress with comfort.\\nHomes of plenty were multiplying, and the population kept in-\\ncreasing at a steady rate from 161 in 1790, to 440 in 1800. The\\nlife of these 440 souls in 1800, found no larger scope for activity\\nthan the lesser number did in 1790, only that their circumstances\\nwere a little better. They were still just as far from the markets of\\nthe world as ever. The roads were but little better, and other\\nthings were about equal. The state had been appealed to in vain\\nfor assistance in several ways that would have very much improved\\nthe condition of the people here if they had been granted their re-\\nquests.\\nBrave ventures had been made by various persons at keeping\\nstores in order to supply the demands of the people goods were\\nbrought through the White Mountain notch, or up the Connecticut\\nriver through Haverhill at great cost. Those traders had ventured\\nto take various kinds of produce in exchange for their goods, but\\nnot one of them, prior to 1825, ever succeeded in making anything.\\nMost of them lost much, if not all they had, by the ventures. Con-\\nditions were against them even if they had possessed the requisite\\nexperience and training in mercantile pursuits that alone can as-\\nsure success.\\nAdded to the natural growth of population was a considerable\\nnumber of families that came from farther south hoping to profit by\\nthe cheap, productive lands of the town, which could be purchased\\nat very low prices, and seemed to promise much to home-seekers.\\nAmong these families were some with a sort of roving disposition\\nwho had tried their fortunes in several other places and had failed\\nto succeed. It may be doubted if some of them would have suc-\\nceeded anywhere or under any conditions. They helped to swell\\nthe population, and some of them opened up farms and built\\nhouses, mostly of the primitive sort that soon fell into decay and\\ncontributed little or nothing to the advancement of the town. Many\\nof them, coming up the Connecticut river, pitched upon lands on\\nthe northerly slope of the Martin Meadow hills in the vicinity\\nof General Bucknam s residence. Bucknam probably offered them\\nevery encouragement in building homes, as no one ever appealed to\\nhim in vain. He wanted to see the population of the town in-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "Il6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ncreased. If the town was to become of any importance it must\\nhave as large population as possible and newcomers were always\\nwelcomed. General Bucknam and Captain Weeks in the south end\\nof the town were especially hospitable to the new settlers; and\\nabout the year 1800 there were more people living south of the\\nvillage limits of to-day than were north of it. The old meeting-\\nhouse was the geographical center of the town, so far as the settle-\\nment had then gone, for none had crossed the Martin Meadow hills.\\nSo entirely was the town an agricultural community that up to 1804,\\nthere were only ten houses north of Isreals river within what is now\\nthe limits of the village on that side of the river, and five on the\\nsouth side, between Parson Willard s and the river. Those on the\\nnorth side were The Major Wilder s house, then open to the public\\nas an inn (now known as the Holton place). The Stephen\\nWillson house, a tavern, where the Benton residence now stands.\\nIn this building Mr. Willson carried on a store for some years prior\\nto this time. The little house on North Main street, now owned by\\nCol. H. O. Kent, was then standing as the residence of Samuel\\nHunnex (an old Revolutionary soldier). The houses of Artemas\\nand Jonathan Cram, William Lovejoy, one Faulkner, Richard C.\\nEverett (the old Cross house of to-day), one Bruce, known then as\\nGovernor Bruce, and Miller David Greenleaf s. Standing on\\nMiddle street, near where Clough s house now does, comprised all\\nthe dwellings on the north side at that time. On the south side\\nthere were the residences of Titus O. Brown, in one end of which\\nhe kept a small stock of goods, Sylvanus Chessman s house, then\\njust completed and intended for a tavern (later known as the Amer-\\nican House), Edmund Chamberlain s house, Dr. Chapman s house,\\nChessman s old house under the Meeting-house hill, Mr. Hinman s\\nhouse, near the clothing mill that stood for many years where\\nFrank Smith Co. s sawmill now does. These were all the resi-\\ndences then in the village. In addition to these there were the fol-\\nlowing business houses Boardman s store (where Ethan A. Craw-\\nford lives), a pearl-ash south of the store, Carlisle s store, a school-\\nhouse near where the court-house now stands, and the meeting-\\nhouse on the south side of the river. These, with the residences\\nmentioned above, comprised the whole village in 1804.\\nThe number of houses and families outside of the village at that\\ntime is not known, but must have been considerable to house a\\npopulation of some five hundred souls. In 1799, there were ten\\nhouses within the village limits, and ninety-one voters, so there must\\nhave been as large a population as we estimate in 1804. In 1807,\\none hundred and five votes were offered in town-meeting, at which\\ntime the population was closely approaching six hundred.\\nThe one event that drew attention to the Upper Coos, and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. II/\\ninduced emigration to it was the erection of Coos county in 1803,\\nthe act to take effect in 1805, and the designation of Lancaster as\\nthe shire town. As we have seen elsewhere the people had long\\nbeen anxious to be set off in a new county and have the county\\ncourts and of^ces of record more convenient than when they were\\nat Haverhill, about fifty miles distant. Now that this long-wished-\\nfor event was soon to be realized the people were jubilant. It\\nmeant vastly more to them than simply having a court and the\\noffices of record for their new county it meant that Lancaster was\\nto assume her place as something more than a frontier town, and\\nenjoy the prosperity that had long been expected, to make it a\\ndesirable place for the home-seekers. In this the people were not\\ndisappointed, for the number of residences in the village more than\\ndoubled in the next twenty years, while the number of farms was\\ngreatly increased.\\nLancaster was the most favorably situated of all the northern\\ntowns to become the shire town of the new county. It was the most\\npopulous one in the county, situated most favorably on the roads\\ndown the Connecticut River Valley, and through the White Moun-\\ntain notch, giving it the most direct communication with the older\\ntowns in the southern part of the state and Portland, which had\\nthen become the chief port or market for Lancaster and all the\\ntowns to the north of it.\\nA new impetus was given to the various business enterprises of\\nthe town. With an increasing population and prosperity the people\\nbegan to build more comfortable houses, and furnish them better,\\nand in every way the town took on an air of general improvement.\\nThe merchants began to carry larger stocks of goods. Benjamin\\nBoardman was taxed on a stock of three thousand dollars worth of\\ngeneral merchandise. That was a large stock for those times when\\nwe take into consideration the fact that the kinds of goods he dealt\\nin were such as we should consider only the barest of necessities of\\nany community, with, perhaps, none of our accustomed luxuries.\\nPrices Avere very unstable during the first ten years of this period\\n1 800-1 8 10. The town records show at what prices certain com-\\nmodities were figured into the minister s salary, as two thirds of it\\nwere payable in produce. This arrangement, that may provoke a\\nsmile with the reader, was only one of the necessary features of busi-\\nness in an almost entirely agricultural community. The people had\\nbut little beside the products of their farms and as markets were so\\nfar from them it was a costly operation to convert their produce into\\ncash with which to pay their bills. It was counted fortunate to be\\nable to raise enough money in hand to pay taxes with, and a moiety\\nfor trade. Then the minister had to have a certain amount of farm\\nproduce for his own use, and it was an economical arrangement to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "Il8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\npay him in the produce and save the waste that would have resulted\\nfrom sending it to market a hundred miles off to get money which\\nhe should have been compelled to pay out for the same kind of\\nthings. Then, too, there was a custom of making exchanges of pro-\\nduce with the merchants by which a bushel of wheat could be made\\nto do the same service in exchange that a dollar now does with us\\nthrough our banks of exchange. I have before me accounts show-\\ning that farmers, and makers of potash, deposited their products\\nwith some of the early merchants and then used it just as we would\\ntreat a deposit at a bank that we did not care to take the risk of\\ncarrying about in our pockets. A farmer would deposit his wheat\\nwith the merchant, and then give his creditors orders upon the\\nmerchant for such small sums as he owed until the amount was\\ntraded out by, perhaps, a score of his creditors. Those old-timers\\nunderstood political economy fully as well as we of to-day do. By\\nreference to the single transaction of paying their minister, which\\nwas done as a town function, we learn the customary prices of the\\nleading commodities of the town. In the year 1800 the following\\nschedule of prices was made out by the selectmen as the going\\nprices, and at which people could pay their minister s tax Wheat\\none dollar, rye five shillings six pence, corn four shillings six pence,\\noats two shillings, flax ten pence per pound. In 1804 prices ran\\nhigher. Wheat was $1.17 per bushel, rye 83 cents, corn 75 cents,\\noats 33 cents, flax 17 cents per pound. Wheat was the most un-\\nstable in price of all the produce mentioned as a legal tender to the\\nminister. In 1807 it was up to $1.33, while the other produce\\nmentioned remained the same as for the previous years. In 1809\\nwheat jumped up to $1.50, and remained at that price two years,\\nwhen it fell to $1, for the next year; but during 1812 it again ad-\\nvanced to $1.50. The following year it fell to $1.33, with rye at $i,\\ncorn 83 cents, and oats 33 cents. In 18 14 wheat advanced to the\\nastonishing price of $2 per bushel, corn and rye to $1.34 per bushel,\\nand oats 38 cents.\\nThere was never the same fluctuation in the prices of goods, and\\nit is not strange that the merchants of those days were all bankrupt\\nat the end of a few years of business ventures. Every merchant who\\nwas in business before 1825 met that fate, some of them losing large\\namounts.\\nThe first of those dealers only carried small stocks of goods in a\\nroom of their residences, and had other business, giving at most\\nonly a divided attention to their merchandise. Such business must\\nalways prove a failure. Even Benjamin Boardman s store fell into decay\\nwhen he began to buy up stock and drive it to Brighton market.\\nThe volume of business was considerable, but the distance from the\\nmarkets in which the merchants had to buy and sell was so great as", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. I 19\\nto consume much of the vahie of goods and produce in effecting\\ntheir exchanges. A trip to Portland took five days under the most\\nfavorable conditions of the roads and weather. The farmer who\\nproduced large quantities of wheat, or other grains, butter, cheese\\nand poultry, and the pelts of the animals slaughtered for meat on the\\nfarm, and the skins and furs of the animals he hunted, partly for\\nmeat and partly for sport to break the tedium of the dreary life,\\ncould better afford to haul these to market with his own teams than\\ntrade them at the stores. He could make the profit there was in them\\nand wages for his teams and men while on the road. For many\\nyears the most thrifty farmers kept up this practice of going to\\nmarket once or twice a year, at which times they would sell their\\nproduce at the best prices and buy their supplies to last for all, or a\\nportion, of the year. They not infrequently carried home in addition\\nto those purchases, handsome sums of money with which to pay\\ntaxes and make many improvements on the farms or in the houses.\\nWhile the more thrifty farmers had learned to get along without\\nthe middle-men the store-keepers and drovers there were yet\\nsome so situated for lack of business tact, or circumstances over\\nwhich they had no control, to whom these middle-men were a great\\nblessing. The poor farmer could buy on credit of his home mer-\\nchant, who would wait on him, until his crops were matured and\\ngathered, for his pay; and the drover would buy his few fat cattle,\\nsheep, or hogs at reasonable prices which was better for him than\\nto have undertaken to drive them to market himself. Thus the\\ndrover was able to range over a large territory and collect a pro-\\nfitable drove of live stock to take to the markets. For many years\\nthis business was alike profitable to drover and farmer. Vast droves\\nof choice cattle were taken out of the country for which the farmer\\nreceived a good return, most always in ready money. Every farm\\ncould sell something at certain times during the year. The ashes\\nfrom the hearth commanded a good price the poultry-yard could\\nalmost any time of the year furnish eggs, fowls, or at least the\\nfeathers of the fowls eaten fat swine, cattle, sheep potash could be\\nmade during the winter season when the weather would not admit of\\nother work being performed grain and flax could always be sold\\nin any quantities that the farmer might happen to have he could\\nsell the wool from his flock of sheep or his wife and daughters\\ncould spin it and sell it as yarn or if they wished to put still more\\nlabor into it in order to realize still more from it they might knit or\\nweave it into fabrics of various sorts, even garments ready to be\\nworn by the purchaser.\\nFor a period of more than ten years this remarkable prosperity\\nwent on uninterrupted, and the population ran up to 717 in 1810,\\nwith 130 voters residing here. This must have seemed grand to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "I20 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe men and women of twenty years before that date, when they\\ncould count only a hundred and sixty-one inhabitants in the town.\\nThe financial troubles that threatened the seaport towns with\\nruin, in consequence of the embargo and the non-intercourse acts\\nof congress, did not affect Lancaster seriously. In fact, Mr. Board-\\nman who had lost sev^eral vessels in his shipping trade came to Lan-\\ncaster because he could follow his business here undisturbed by the\\npiracy under the guise of law that lost to American owners 900\\nvessels from 1803, to 181 1. This section was much excited over the\\nembargo and non-intercourse measures while in force, and con-\\nsiderable smuggling was carried on between the states and Canada,\\nchiefly, however, by the border towns of this state and Vermont.\\nLancaster was but little concerned in the matter as its citizens were\\na law-abiding people, and they had satisfactory access to the mar-\\nkets in which their cattle and other produce brought good prices.\\nThe people of Lancaster came early into a measure of political\\nprominence in the state, and being patriotic Americans they easily\\ncould forego the temptation to violate the laws of the nation in deal-\\ning with a province of Great Britain, for a mere pittance of extra\\nprices for their live stock, or a saving of a few pence on the pound\\non the few articles of import, chiefly of the character of luxuries.\\nSome writers have attempted to condone the offense of the smug-\\nglers of those days on the ground that by selling their fat cattle to\\nthe British they received a little better return for their labor; but we\\nmust not forget that it was a war measure, and that it was the duty\\nof every patriotic citizen to honor it for the good of his country, just\\nas their fathers and mothers during the Revolutionary War period\\nrefused to use tea, and other taxed articles, the use of which by them\\nwould have put into the hands of their oppressors the power to\\noppress their posterity for generations to come.\\nWe find no respectable or prominent citizen of the town aiding\\nthe unlawful trade, and that many of them took an active part in\\nboth discouraging and breaking it up. Their fathers had suffered\\nmuch for the freedom they were enjoying, and they could forego a\\nlittle gain for the sake of maintaining that liberty. The elm-log\\njail, that stood on the same lot that the present jail does, was often\\nthe temporary lodging place of those early smugglers, none of\\nwhom seem to have been notorious characters like the smugglers\\nof later years.\\nSome people in Lancaster, no doubt, sold their cattle to drovers\\nwhen they knew that they were to be taken to Canada, contrary to\\nthe proclamation of the president of the United States. Many people\\nhere shared the general feeling of disapproval of President Madison s\\nadministration, and especially his war measures, the latter being\\nseverely condemned throughout New England. No disloyal acts", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 121\\never were laid to the charge of any citizen of the town, and a large\\nnnmber of its younger men entered the American army. The num-\\nber of the young men who left to take part in the war was a large\\nfactor in reducing the population from 717, in 18 10, to about 600,\\nin 1 8 16, when the number of voters was only 113, whereas it had\\nbeen 130 in 1811. This decrease of population was, in the main,\\ndue to the removal of many families to the newer states in the West.\\nMany of the more adventurous families that had settled on the\\nnortherly slope of Martin Meadow hills, having found that getting a\\nliving in Lancaster involved about as much hard labor as at any\\nother place, left for what they fancied were greener pastures. The\\ntown lost little by their removal, as the} were not of the class that\\npossessed the hardy qualities necessary to success in any com-\\nmunity.\\nMany of the young men who enlisted in the army never returned\\nto the place of their birth or adoption, having become wonted to\\nother places with which they had become acquainted during the\\nyears of their adventures as soldiers.\\nThe following is the roster of Captain John VV. Weeks s company\\nCaptain. John W. Weeks.\\nLieutenants. First lieutenant, Richard Bean second lieutenant,\\nJames Green.\\nEnsign. F. A. Sawyer.\\nSergeants. Benjamin Stephenson, William Smith, Daniel Bailey,\\nAmaziah Knight, Elisha B. Green.\\nCoi-porah. William W. Bailey, Peter Gamsby, Obed S. Hatch,\\nJosiah Reed, Benjamin Wilson, Robert Hoskins.\\nMusicians. Allen Smith, Orrin R. Dexter, Silas Whitney, Solo-\\nmon B. Clark.\\nPrivates. Henry Alden, Samuel Abbott, Thomas Alverson,\\nDaniel Bennett, Zera Bennett, John Brown, Chester Bennett, Hazen\\nBurbank, Daniel Burbank, Stephen Bullard, Benjamin T. Baker,\\nEbenezer Ball, Thomas Brigham, Gad Beacher, John Burns, John\\nBurgin, 2d, John Bickford, Nathaniel Bennett, John Brainard,\\nZebulon Carter, Stephen Chase, Levi H. Christian, Seth Clark,\\nWinthrop Collins, John Collins, Guy Clark, Jere Clough, Charles\\nCollins, Moses Cooper, Sylvanus Currier, Otis Chaffee, Samuel\\nAbraig, Benjamin Cross, Phineas Davenport, Eliphet Day, John\\nDodge, Moses Davis, Eli Davenport, Luimer Dodge, John English,\\nJames French, Luther Fuller, Jeremiah Fuller, Joel Farnham, John\\nFrench, Timothy Fuller, Lemuel Fuller, Abner Gay, Wells Good-\\nwin, Samuel Gotham, Robert Gotham, Samuel Henry, John Holmes,\\nNeh. Houghton, Willard Huntoon, Alpheus Hutchins, Joseph\\nHenderson, James Harvey, Sheldon Holbrook, Henry Hall, John\\nHicks, John M. Holmes, Daniel Holmes, Greenleaf Huntoon,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "122 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nGeorge Huntoon, Warren Cassin, Joshua Knapp, Peter Labare^\\nJoseph Labare, Samuel Linsey, George W. Lucas, Jacob Mclntire,\\nJames Mellen, Harry Moore, Shephard Morse, Ebenezer Mudge,\\nJacob B. Moore, John W. Moore, WiUiam Merriam, Nathaniel\\nMoore, James Nesbit, Stephen Orr, Daniel Perkins, James Perkins^\\nTheodore Phillips, Benoni Potter, Orange Pixley, Caleb Prouty,\\nDaniel Pinkham, Levi Pratt, Albert Rathbone, Anthony C. Read-\\nfield, Abram Rogers, Martin Ray, George Shirland, P^dmund San-\\nborn, John Sanford, John Shirley, Job Smith, Luther Southworth,\\nElihu Spencer, Jacob Sperry, James B. Stanley, Joshua Stephens,\\nAbram Sanborn, Reuben Stevens, David Stodard, John C. Swain,\\nIsrael Sanderson, Daniel Stratton, Jacob Trussell, Daniel Utley,\\nSamuel Vanschork, Jere Wheeler, Barney B. Whipple, James Whit-\\nney, Jeremiah White, Jotham Wilkins, John Wilkinson, Absalom\\nWilson, John Wilson, James Witherell, John R. Wyatt, John M.\\nWilliams, Joseph Weed, Allen White, Andrew Woods, Thomas\\nWhiton, George Warren, Simon Warren, Josiah Washburn, Robert\\nH. Robertson, Alexander Jones, Peter Hamilton, Jedediah Robin-\\nson, Samuel Wright, Samuel Stackpole 146.\\nThis company assembled, and was organized, on the farm of\\nCaptain Brackett, from whence they marched to the front, and\\nduring the war did faithful service. They won distinction at the\\nbattle of Chippewa or Niagara as among the bravest of the brave\\nsoldiers of General Hazen s army.\\nThe majority of these men were from Lancaster, and were among\\nthe personal friends and acquaintances of Captain Weeks. Only a\\nsmall number of them returned to Lancaster at the close of the war.\\nA few of them were lost by casualty or sickness during the service,\\nbut most of them became dispersed over many other states, where\\nthey chose to locate and try the fortunes of peaceful industries.\\nTheir loss to Lancaster was a heavy drain upon its population as it\\ntook the young and strong and left the old and feebler members of\\ntheir families behind to care for the interests of the settlement but\\nthis heavy drain upon the working force of the town did not wholly\\ndiscourage the people. Some viewed the departure of so many of\\ntheir young men with gloomy forebodings, while others were glad\\nto see them go to answer the call of the country for defenders of the\\nhard-earned liberties some of them had shared in winning from a\\ntyrannical foreign government that was again trying to subvert our\\ngovernment and humiliate our people.\\nDuring all this fluctuation of population the village gained steadily\\nin numbers and prosperity as compared with the outside neighbor-\\nhoods. By 1 8 10 there was an increase of six houses. In 1820,\\nwith the population of the entire town at six hundred and forty, the\\nvillage had all the stores in town, numbering four. There were two", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. I 23\\ngood hotels, or as they termed them, taverns. Wilson s tavern at\\nthe north end of Main street was the leading one, as it was in the\\ncentre of the business portion of the village and was near the court-\\nhouse and jail. Chessman s tavern at the corner of Main and Elm\\nstreets, at the south end, was a good house with ample accommo-\\ndations for the traveling public, and had a hall in it for the use of\\ndancing parties and other entertainments, and a stock of goods at\\none time. This tavern was then called the American House.\\nThere was but one minister of the gospel, the venerable Joseph\\nWillard, minister of the First church. Three lawyers found a\\nmeans of livelihood in the practice of their profession, while an\\nequal number of physicians looked after the health and comfort of\\nthe people. There were then five justices of the peace, which is\\nslightly under the proportion for our present population. It was\\nprobably then as now, while there were more of those public func-\\ntionaries than were needed, a few of them did all the business.\\nThe town then had eight school districts and four schoolhouses.\\nThe greater proportion of the population and business enterprises\\ntended toward the village after the period of decline set in, about\\n18 1 2. The seasons of 1804 and 1807 had been unfavorable ones\\nto the farmers. Heavy snows came early and laid until late.\\nFrosts were so frequent and severe that crops were greatly damaged.\\nOn May i, 1807, snow laid four and a half feet deep in the woods.\\nThe losses incurred by those unfavorable seasons fell heavily upon\\nmany families, but the old-timers stood it better. They knew how\\nto adapt themselves to reverses, and most of them were in comfort-\\nable circumstances by that time. Just after passing through the\\ninterruption to business enterprises, brought upon them by the late\\nwar, there came another most unfavorable season that proved a\\ndisastrous one for many of the people of limited circumstances.\\nThe season of 181 5 was a cold and dry one. As late as May 22d\\nsnow fell to a depth of nine inches. During the whole of that\\nsummer the days were hot, but the nights were colder than had\\never before been experienced. There was but one compensating\\nfeature in the whole of that year it proved a good season for making\\nmaple sugar, and those who were favorably situated for it and took\\nadvantage of the abundant and long flow of sap, made vast quantities\\nof the commodity, which was as staple as wheat in the local trade.\\nThe following year was even more disastrous to the farmers than\\nthat of 181 5. So cold was the season of 18 16 that it is remem-\\nbered by some of the oldest inhabitants as the cold season, and\\nas the coldest ever known in this section. On the 8th of June snow\\nfell all day until six inches laid a frozen mass that buried the hopes\\nof the farmer for that year. It is said that the frost worked into\\ncellars that day as in the coldest winter weather. The water in the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "124 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\naqueducts from the springs froze. Thermometers were not then\\nin use, so that we have no certain knowledge of just how cold it\\nwas that unlovely June day. By a comparison of the phenomena\\ndescribed as the characteristics of that memorable day with what\\ntakes place now, when we can measure the cold, I should think that\\nthe temperature must have gone down very near to zero on that\\noccasion. When the cold period passed it was followed by a long\\nperiod of drouth that ruined all crops except potatoes, of which\\nthere was a moderate crop of inferior quality but there was no\\nchoice, people had to put by their fastidious tastes and notions,\\nand subsist upon the scanty store of produce that a most careful\\neffort coaxed from Mother Earth that year.\\nThe next two years were more encouraging, for they were at\\nleast free from such calamities, and the people gathered courage\\nand addressed themselves to the tasks of life with energy, and their\\nlabors were rewarded. The season of 1819 was known for many\\nyears as the Dark Year. The weather was dreary and cloudy\\nall through the year. On November 9th the day was so dark\\nthat the stars shone brightly through the rifts in the clouds, at\\ntimes. This phenomenon terrified the more ignorant and timid\\npeople greatly they did not understand it, and no doubt it had\\nmuch to do in determining some of them to leave the town for\\nother fields of adventure in the great Western regions then looked\\nupon as a sort of Eldorado.\\nThis northern section of the state was looked upon as a poor\\ncountry by the people of the state generally. John Farmer, in his\\nGazetteer of New Hampshire for 1823, said of the people of\\nCoos county: They are poor, and for aught that appears to the\\ncontrary, must always remain so, as they may be deemed actual\\ntrespassers on that part of creation, destined by its author for the\\nresidence of bears, wolves, moose, and other animals of the forest.\\nSo it may have appeared to people at the distance from which\\nMr. Farmer studied the situation in this northern country; but\\nthose sturdy men had a way of converting the bears, wolves,\\nmoose, and other wild animals of the forest into means of no\\nsmall amount of comfort. If crops failed for a season or two, as\\nthey frequently did, those men could procure their meat from the\\nforests and clothe their families in the skins and furs of the wild\\nanimals in a way to make them comfortable for a time. It seemed\\nalmost providential, that during the period of failure of their crops\\ndeer should have become extremely plenty; and even the un-\\nwelcome wolf was a valuable animal, as there was a good bounty\\non his scalp, and many of those animals were killed at a time when\\na little money derived from the bounty helped wonderfully to tide\\nthe hardy pioneers over hard times.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 1 25\\nThere was a persevering hardiness in the character of the people\\nof those days that saved them from failure they could accommo-\\ndate themselves to adverse circumstances and await the coming of\\nbetter times, as they confidently expected such times would come\\nagain. The traditions of the town were full of recitals of hardships\\nand the surmounting of difficulties. Why should the children and\\ngrandchildren of those sturdy first settlers fail? Conditions were a\\nhundredfold better in 1820 than they were in 1776. The people\\nhad the necessities of life in reasonable quantities nearly all the\\ntime, sometimes in abundance, aud only rarely were they in want\\nof anything necessary to their comfort. Their houses were commo-\\ndious and comfortable they had church and schools to enlighten\\nand train them in the higher graces and refinements of life. It is\\ntrue they were not making money, but there is something to live\\nfor besides wealth as counted in dollars. Against a happy home\\nin which comfort and virtue abound, where healthy and intelligent\\nchildren are being trained to good citizenship, where the human\\nheart finds that response of love and sympathy for which it hungers,\\nwealth is as the dust in the balance. The citizens of the town\\nhave won, and long held the recognition from the other sections of\\nthe state as being law-abiding, and public-spirited citizens of the\\nold Granite state. Few towns in the state have been so conspicu-\\nous for the number of responsible positions filled by its citizens in\\ncounty, state, and national services, both in civil and military capaci-\\nties.\\nLike all rural and agricultural communities the town has sent\\nforth her young, richest, and most ambitious life. She has nurtured\\nscores of men and women who have been mighty among the num-\\nbers who have won eminent success in various business and profes-\\nsional callings.\\nIn spite of all the prophesies and signs against this northern sec-\\ntion this town was not destined to remain poor and hampered\\nthough the seasons for many years were unfavorable, and crop after\\ncrop failed, the people held on to their farms. They learned to\\nadapt themselves to the changed conditions, and raised such crops\\nas would grow during short and cool seasons. These they\\nexchanged for the things they could not produce. When they\\ncould no longer depend on a crop of wheat they raised grass and\\ngave their attention to the production of cattle and butter and\\ncheese, for all of which they found good prices and a ready market\\nin Portland.\\nAs the crops became less certain more attention was given to\\nmaking potash, which in turn opened up a larger area of pasture\\nlands and made the grazing interests of the town more reliable.\\nThe people could convert the timber of many acres into potash to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "126 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntide them over the hard times, and at the same time were opening\\nup their farms for pasturage.\\nIn all of this there was a sort of compensation for the misfortune\\nof losing crops. The increased volume of potash made, called the\\ncooper s trade into requisition and for many years the making of\\nbarrels in which to ship that product was a profitable business, fol-\\nlowed by several persons. This furnished profitable employment\\nto a number of men located mostly in the village, as that sort of busi-\\nness could be most profitably conducted near the potasheries as\\nthey were called.\\nAnother compensation for the suffering due to the poor crops\\nof those unfavorable seasons was the increased interest which\\npeople began to take in agriculture as an industry. In 1820 an\\nagricultural society was organized in town and for some years it\\nwas of the greatest service in gaining and diffusing knowledge upon\\nthe subject of agriculture. The leading men of the town read books\\nand gleaned among the newspapers of the times for information on\\ntheir calling as tillers of the soil. They conducted intelligent exper-\\nments, and as a result agriculture was very much improved. In\\nnothing did the town profit more by this revived calling, upon\\nwhich life depended more than on anything else, than the attention\\npaid to the improvement of their stock. Hitherto their flocks and\\nherds had been of rather an inferior grade, though possibly none the\\nless fitted to the primitive conditions of life for being of the scrub\\nstock. Conditions had now become so changed that with a better\\ngrade of stock the farms could be made to pay better returns. If\\nthe crops were less certain than in former times there was an abund-\\nance of pasturage that could easily sustain a large number of cattle\\nand sheep which were then the most profitable to raise. It was not\\nlong before many of the farmers had large herds of the best cattle\\nand flocks of the better breeds of sheep. About this time, for the\\nfirst time in the history of the town, an intelligent interest began to\\nbe taken in the matter of fertilizing the soil. From the very earliest\\ntimes little or no attention was given to this subject as the lands were\\nrich, and newly-cleared lands took the place of that first cleared\\nbefore it began to show much effects from exhaustion by continuous\\ncultivation.\\nThe scientific study of agriculture taught them to return to the\\nsoil an equivalent for the crops taken from it to raise the best\\nstock as it cost no more than to raise poor stock and gave them a\\nmuch larger return in profits and also to use better implements for\\nthe cultivation of their soil.\\nIn a few instances the interest in new breeds of stock led some\\nmen into extreme measures. Joel Hemmenway and Josiah Bellows\\nstocked their farms with merino sheep with the expectation of reap-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 12/\\ning great profits from them in an incredibly short time but they\\nwere doomed to meet disappointment. Joel Hemmenway lost more\\nthan a dozen fine merino bucks he brought here expecting to sell\\nat fabulous prices to the farmers, by wolves in a single night.\\nWolves were then abundant, and almost nightly somebody s sheep-\\nfold was invaded by them. They were not content to kill what\\nthey wanted to eat often their diabolical disposition led them to\\ndestroy a whole herd after they had taken their fill on a few of their\\nvictims. They seem to have killed as a sort of diversion after the}-\\nhad their feast of blood and fat.\\nAt all events these gentlemen lost money on their ventures. They\\nwere not slow to discover their mistakes, and by devoting their atten-\\ntion to other kinds of stock and crops soon retrieved their losses in\\nthe venture at raising fancy stock, when they should have been con-\\ntent to give their attention to what was best calculated to bring a\\ncertain return for their labor and investments. With these better\\nimprovements once fairly established in the favor of the people, the\\nseasons became more like those of earlier times, and crops became\\nas certain as ever before, but new ones were discovered to be better\\nadapted to their soil and seasons than the old-time ones. A greater\\nvariety of crops were cultivated, and, of course among the many,\\nsome of them were always good, so if some particular crop was a\\nfailure another would, in great measure, make up for the loss and\\ndisappointment from that source.\\nDuring the whole of the period of poor seasons for farming the\\nvillage kept up its relative increase of population over the rural sec-\\ntion of the town. In 1825, there were thirty-four houses in the vil-\\nlage between the Rev. Joseph Willard s place (now known as the\\nHanson place) and the Rosebrook place, where John Ingerson now\\nlives on North Main street. None of these houses was painted,\\naccording to the recollection of the late Richard P. Kent, who came\\nto town that year. The only painted buildings in town were tAvo\\nstores. One of these was painted red and the other green, from\\nwhich fact they were designated as the red store, and the green\\nstore. It is an interesting coincidence that the first of these painted\\nhouses should have been decorated in the first of what are called\\nthe simple colors, red, and that the second one should have\\nemployed a combination of the other two simple colors, yellow and\\nblue, to have produced its secondary color of green. This art of\\ndecoration began at the bottom and has steadily worked its way up\\nuntil to-day few villages are so beautified by the use of paint upon\\nits buildings as Lancaster; and even the farmhouses and other\\nbuildings display this same good taste in the matter of colors.\\nAt the time of which we are speaking, 1825, there was probably\\nonly one interior of a building decorated by painting. That one", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "128 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nwas the old meeting-house. Its pulpit and communion table were\\npainted but as near as can now be learned, the painting did not\\nextend any further than the Holy place of their temple.\\nThat painting was probably done in 1798, or soon after, as one\\nwould infer from the fact that Sylvanus Chessman circulated a\\nsubscription for that purpose on July 7th. Ed. Clark is men-\\ntioned in it as working on the pulpit, and to do the painting; but it\\nseems from an entry on the back of that document that a Mr. Phil-\\nbrook did the work, receiving for it one pound, eight shillings, and\\nsix shillings for oil. This document is still in the possession of J. S.\\nBrackett.\\nThe other buildings of the village, apart from residences, were\\nThe four stores, two hotels, two schoolhouses, the church, court-\\nhouse, gun-house, and the log jail. The population was again\\nrapidly increasing as many newcomers were then in town, about\\nequally divided between the village enterprises and the farms. In\\nfive more years the population had reached 1,187, and many new\\nenterprises had gained a footing among this larger number of cit-\\nizens.\\nThe town though remote from the great centres of commercial\\nactivity was affected by a sort of tidal-wave of interest in the\\nacquisition of land that swept over the entire country. Foreign\\nimmigration had rapidly increased from 7,912 in 1824, to 23,322 in\\n1830. Most of these people found their way to the rural sections of\\nthe country; their object in coming was to acquire our cheap and\\nproductive lands and make homes. This fact stimulated the interest\\nof speculative men throughout the nation to profit by this demand\\nfor new lands. During the next decade the speculation in lands,\\nwas carried to an extreme and ruinous degree. Throughout the\\ncountry lands were bonded many times over, by which very heavy\\nlosses resulted to many persons ambitious to gain a fortune in a\\nfew years. While this craze did not extend to Lancaster to any\\ngreat degree it did tend to encourage emigration to this northern\\nsection of the state and from this coming of home seekers the town\\nprofited materially as many good families settled here. But by far\\nthe greatest advantage to Lancaster from this general craze of land-\\nspeculation came from the enhanced value of the products of the\\nfarms. Almost every farm product increased in price, due to the\\ngeneral neglect of farming throughout the country by which a\\nscarcity resulted. It so happened that the farms had become very\\nproductive again. Various kinds of business suffered from neglect,\\nalso, while the people ran to and fro seeking their fortunes in lands.\\nIn Lancaster the people gave themselves to the task of farming and\\ndeveloping their various business interests.\\nWhen butter had reached fifty cents a pound, and cheese twenty-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 1 29\\nfive, and pork sixteen cents, the farmers of this town had vast quan-\\ntities of these, and other products equally high in price, to sell. The\\nperiod had come to make money and they applied themselves to\\ntheir vocation with zeal. Farmers grew wealthy, and merchants\\nincreased in number, and did a good business for many years\\nfollowing. Prosperity smiled upon all alike, and the town continued\\nto enjoy a steady growth of population.\\nThe various industries that we mention in Part II flourished in a\\nremarkable degree. The life of the community began to flow in\\nbroader and deeper channels an old type of social life and busi-\\nness began to yield to newer ones. Did space permit of it, and had\\nwe not already done so, we might recount here the innovation of\\nhundreds of new articles of trade in the stores, of new articles of\\nmanufacture, of new customs and fashions welcomed by the people.\\nWhen a newspaper was established by a few enterprising men in\\n1838, the Whig and Aegis, its columns were literally crowded\\nwith the advertisements of the traders and artisans offering their\\nnew wares and skilled service to the public in the most inviting and\\ntempting manner of the printer s art. Elaborate wood-cuts showed\\nthe latest styles of furniture, stoves and cooking utensils, hats of\\nlocal and foreign manufacture, farm and other machinery, and a\\nhundred other things of scarcely less importance to the comfort\\nand welfare of the people. Such merchants as R. P. Kent, Royal\\nJoyslin, B. H. Chadbourne, William T. Carlisle, William Cargill, and\\nBryant O. Stephenson, made trips to Boston and Portland once or\\ntwice a year to buy goods and study the markets, seldom returning\\nwithout bringing something new to offer the people. Almost every\\narticle of merchandise known in the great markets of New England\\nwas to be found on the counters of those enterprising merchants,\\nsome of whom were men of uncommon ability as traders; and\\nwhat they did to build up their town is beyond the power of any\\none to compute to-day, nor do we believe that they were themselves\\nhalf conscious of what was resulting to the town from their efforts to\\ndevelop their own business interests. Certainly others looking on\\nat the time saw, and even at this late date, no doubt see in them only\\nshrewd traders enhancing their own fortunes; but society is an\\norganism, and what helps one doing a useful and legitimate business\\nhelps all parties to the social compact or community. Those men\\nwere breaking down the old, frontier civilization and introducing the\\nbroader cosmopolitan one by creating new hungers in the lives of\\nthe people in this remote town for the most comfortable and elegant\\nthings of the whole country. TK o tempting display of new goods,\\nand machinery before their customers was the natural and only way-\\nto draw them out of the old, narrower life into one as broad as that\\nof the entire country; it compelled them to think and feel as their\\n10", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "I30 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nfellow-men did in other and more favored communities. That is,\\nafter all the glamor and newness is worn off, what we call culture.\\nIt is leading men to think and feel as others have done, and by which\\nprocess the individual partakes of all the elements of the strength\\nof the many. That is the way in which progress is made and\\ncannot we recognize in those old-time merchants the promoters of\\nmuch of the culture of the town? Of course the newspapers and\\nbooks the people read, the lectures and sermons the} listened to,\\nand the training and information afforded by the schools did much\\nto advance the culture and refinement of the life of the people; but\\nwhen full account of their influence is taken, it still leaves a large\\nfactor unaccounted for unless we recognize that more silent, yet\\nnone the less powerful, factor of the intercourse and interchange of\\nideas that go with trade and commerce. Of course men enter\\nthose pursuits primarily with the idea of enhancing their own for-\\ntunes but no man can carry on any important business legitimately\\nwithout fostering the interests of many more even, than those with\\nwhom he does business. The dishonest man, the tricky rogue, does\\nmuch to injure the interests of other people and shake their con-\\nfidence in others integrity but society is not slow to detect them\\nand place upon them the mark of their class.\\nWhat I have said of the trader, the merchant, is true in a large\\nmeasure of the manufacturer, the artisan, and the professional men\\nof those early times they all did something to foster a newer type\\nof social life. When Greenliaf C. Philbrook plied his art as painter,\\nglazier, and paper hanger he was doing much to foster a more re-\\nfined taste for the beautiful, the true, and the pure in the domestic\\nlife of the people. We have seen a few specimens of his work per-\\nformed about 1838, wdiich, although it provokes a smile when com-\\npared with the house decoration of to-day, was yet, nevertheless, a\\ngreat help to pave the way for the more perfect order of things in\\nour day. The decorations of those days were mostly in the simple\\ncolors. The wall papers contained large patterns or flowers, the lat-\\nter conventionalized ones, for there was never anything seen on\\nearth bearing such flowers and fruits as they abounded in. The\\ncolors were generally red, blue, yellow, and green but a few years\\nlater the modified colors or tints began to make their appearance,\\nand the figures and patterns were in keeping with those of our day.\\nThe greatest changes in these matters took place during the decade\\nbetween 1840 and 1850, which has been rightly designated as a\\ntransition period. Prior to that period changes were slow, and what\\niew were made were a sort of rehfctant yielding to the inevitable.\\nAfter that period a much more rapid progress w^as made in all\\nthings pertaining to the social and domestic life of the town. The\\nprovincial character of the town began to fade out, and the opposi-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 131\\ntlon to changes to what was undoubtedly a larger and more refined\\nlife, grew less as the years went by, so that after a time the wiser\\nones, who are always the fashioners of the life of every community,\\nlearned that the new is old, and the old is ever new through the\\nceaseless changes that take place in the evolution of societ} when\\none penetrates beneath the surface of appearances and breaks\\nthrough the incrustations of habits by which men are often bound\\nto mere surface indications of reality. It is so in all things.\\nIf the town had lost many of its citizens from the various causes I\\nhave named, there yet remained a considerable number of the\\nsturdiest, wisest, and bravest of her men. To that number was\\nadded by emigration from some of the older settlements south\\nof the town, some others of like character who saw great possibil-\\nities in this new section of the state. At any time from 1825 to\\n1830, the traveler passing along the river road between the south\\nand the north lines of the town would have passed the thrifty homes\\nof the following named men: John Burgin, Samuel Burgin, Artemas\\nLovejoy, Ziba Lynds, John Stockwell, Josiah Bellows, 2d, Emmons\\nStockwell, Joel Page, Benjamin Stanley, William Stanley, William\\nLovejoy, Josiah Hobart, Samuel Hannux, Josiah Smith, Samuel\\nWhite, Charles Baker, Thomas Carlisle, Benjamin Hunking,\\nSamuel A. Pearson, Warren Porter, Benjamin Boardman, Allen\\nSmith, George W. Perkins, John Perkins, Isaac Darby, Richard P.\\nKent, William Farrar, Jared W. Williams, William Cargill, Royal\\nJoyslin, Levi Barnard, Francis Bingham, David Greenleaf, Jacob E.\\nStickney, Reuben Stephenson, Lieut. Benjamin Stephenson, Turner\\nStephenson, Sylvanus Chessman, Silas Chessman, Ephraim Stock-\\nwell, Moses T. Hunt, Jonathan Willard, Charles J. Stuart, Jonas\\nBaker, Rev. Joseph Willard, Adino N. Brackett, John W. Weeks,\\nBenjamin Adams, Lemuel Adams, Moses White, John H. White,\\nJohn M. Denison, William Denison, Eliphalet Lyman, Ashael Go-\\ning, Francis Wilson, Samuel Philbrook, G. C. Philbrook, Andrew\\nAdams, William Moore, Heber Blanchard, a Mr. Holmes, Gideon\\nSmith, Frederick Messer, Joseph Holton, Col. Stephen Wilson, Gen.\\nJohn Wilson, John Dewey, John Cram, Moses Church, Ephraim\\nMahurin, Levi Church, Noyes Denison, Ariel Rosebrook, John\\nStraw. Along other thoroughfares in and out of the village lived\\nthe following representative men of the town, also: Horace Whit-\\ncomb, Allen Smith, Samuel Rines, George Bellows, in the village,\\nand the Lovejoys, Savages, Wentworths, Chapmans, Stones, Balches,\\nAspenwalls, Farnhams, Howes, Stebbens, Boutwells, LeGros, East-\\nmans, Freemans, outside the village.\\nIn this whole list of names there are but few men who were not\\nof the highest order of intelligence and character. They were such\\na class of men as are a guarantee of the success of any community", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "132 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthey choose to Hve in. Besides them there were living on the vari-\\nous side roads, east, around Mt. Prospect, and over Stebbens hill,\\nabout an equal number of like men. No community can fail with\\nsuch an array of noble men in it; and Lancaster was not to fail.\\nThere was before her a splendid future, in which she was deserving\\nof prosperity and the happiness of her citizens. The steady efforts\\nand patient endurance of those men began to tell for the better soon\\nafter 1830, since which time plenty has rewarded the efforts of\\nevery industrious and honest member of the community. The vol-\\nume of produce was rapidly increased, and of course an increased\\namount of business was done by the various traders. So great was\\nthe increase of business that the town for the first time in its -his-\\ntory, began to feel the need of a bank of exchange and deposit;\\nand accordingly one was established in 1832, opening for business\\nJuly I, 1833, in the house of Gen. John Wilson at the north end of\\nMain street. The demands upon it must have been considerable,\\nfor its capital was $50,000. For a full account of this and other\\nbanking ventures the reader is referred to Part II, Chapter VIII.\\nWith the increase of population to 1,187, 1830, and the im-\\nproved condition of the roads, business rapidly expanded. With\\nbetter roads communication with the outside world was easier.\\nWhile only a few years before it took nearly five days to reach Bos-\\nton, Mass., by stage, the same journey could be made in two days\\nin 1840.\\nIn 1838 the business, political, and intellectual interests of the\\ntown seemed to justif}^ the establishment of a newspaper, and ac-\\ncordingly a few of the leading business men backed such an enter-\\nprise with enough capital to allow a couple of young men to offer\\nthe people a well-edited Whig newspaper, an account of which we\\nhave given in another place in this history.\\nWhile this paper served the purpose of an advertising medium, as\\nwell as a means of ministering to the intellectual wants of the commu-\\nnity, it simply stirred up the people on political lines. The staunch\\nand earnest Democrats, of whom there were many, soon started\\na paper of their own political creed and party the Cods County\\nDemocrat. Those two newspapers were ably edited they had to\\nbe to meet the approval and patronage of an intelligent class of\\nreaders. They discussed ably all the national, state, and local ques-\\ntions in their editorials and contributed articles. Their space was\\nabout evenly divided between news items, editorials, agriculture, and\\nliterary matters, leaving nearly a third of the papers filled with ad-\\nvertisements of all sorts of things.\\nIn those days there was more leisure time in the average life of\\nthe population than there is in the present. That leisure was due to\\nthe fact that there was vastly less to take up the time, interest,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION TERIOD. 133\\nand attention of people than now. The intelligent and moral class\\ndevoted their leisure to reading and social visiting, from which there\\nresulted a vast amount of information on a variety of subjects and a\\ndegree of sociability that does not now exist. To any student of\\nhistory it goes without argument that there was a higher degree of\\noriginality, and a stronger personality in the men of that day than\\nthere is at the present time not that we know less, but that we\\nknow few things so thoroughly as those forefathers did. There was\\nnothing in the life of that time corresponding to what we call the\\nmachinery of our modern political, ecclesiastical, and educational\\norganization. I do not wish to be understood as advocating the\\npessimistic notion that the men of the present are degenerating, that\\nthey are bundles of vice and trickery, while the men of fifty years\\nago were faultless, or nearly so. These differences are relative and\\nare the characteristics of the peculiar stages through which society\\nis passing in its normal evolution, and is due to well-understood\\nlaws, now that sociology has become a tolerably exact science.\\nSociety has its infancy of puerility; its outh, characterized by a\\nspirit of adolescence; its maturit} characterized by virility; and its\\nold age, characterized by senility. They who would be leaders in\\nthe affairs of the community would do well, therefore, to give due\\nheed to Rohmer s law of parties. Society is never a yielding mass\\nof humanity that will stay long molded in any arbitrary form under\\nthe powerful touch of a leader. Its elasticity and life will bring it\\nback to its normal conditions sooner or later. Lancaster is a good\\nexample of these facts it has gone steadily on developing without\\nany of the hot-house methods that promise so much and perform\\nso little for a communit^^ For sixty years its growth of population,\\nbusiness, and wealth has been normal. The growth from 1820 to 1850,\\nwas a solid one, neither rapid nor slow. It indicates that the people\\nwere intelligent, industrious and honest, and that all their affairs\\nreceived careful attention. From 1825 to 1840 there had been a\\ngain of a number of houses in the village, which prior to that time\\nwas called very truly the street. With its thirty-four houses strung\\nalong more than a mile of street, dusty in summer and piled full of\\nsnow in winter, there was little of the appearance of a village, simply\\na street where the houses were a little thicker than through the farm-\\ning sections. The population had reached the number of 1,316,\\nabout one fourth of whom lived in the village and found employ-\\nment in its mills, sawmill, cloth mill, tannery, clapboard mill,\\nshingle mill, carriage and furniture factories, blacksmith shops,\\nstores, cooper shops and the various professions of law, medicine,\\ndivinity and the like. About everybody was employed at some use-\\nful occupation, and plenty blessed every home where happy wives,\\nmothers, and children e\\\\ en, were bus\\\\ with some of the man\\\\ tasks", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "134 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthat go far to stop the leaks and add to the productive power of a\\ncommunity. It was a settled doctrine of the people of those times\\nthat every able-bodied person should be a producer as well as a\\nconsumer of wealth. In an address delivered before the Coos\\nAgricultural Society in i82i,AdinoN. Brackett urged the prop-\\nosition that every one in the family should have some share in its\\nwork with many very cogent arguments, devoting a large portion of\\nhis address to that one doctrine. So generally was that doctrine\\nbelieved and acted upon that the town was free from habitual loafers\\nand idlers. There were a few old topers, who squandered the\\nmost of their substance on flip, and rum at the taverns, and a very\\nfew who did small jobs about the village at small prices. There were\\nmany workmen of a high grade of skill employed at the various\\ntrades, then followed in the village, who became independent in their\\nworldly circumstances.\\nLancaster had gone through the panic of 1837 without scarcely\\nfeeling the disturbance that carried down so many business enter-\\nprises elsewhere. There was not an instance of bankruptcy in the\\ntown; but on the other hand there was a condition of prosperity,\\nwhile other sections of the country suffered so severely from the panic.\\nThe Millerite excitement of 1843, although creating some interest\\namong its few adherents in town, had not called attention away from\\nbusiness affairs as it had done in Whitefield, and several adjoining\\ntowns in Vermont. There had come to be quite a variety of religious\\nbeliefs held by Lancaster people, but they were of the less fanatical\\ntypes, and consequently things were more even in their way through\\nthat distressing craze about the world s ending, than in many another\\nsection of the country. When the twenty-third day of October, on\\nwhich Millerites predicted the end of the world was to be witnessed,\\ncame, the people went about their business as usual. I have not\\nbeen able to learn of any persons who gave up their occupations to\\nlook for the end of things. The late R. P. Kent recorded in his\\ndiary on that day, This day, according to the predictions of the\\nMillerites is the end of world but he went on waiting on his cus-\\ntomers just as if it were not the last day of time. So did the rest of\\nthe people, I fancy.\\nBut if religious excitement had no effect upon the people of the\\ntown they were not proof against the excitement of war or politics.\\nWhen the Indian Stream war broke out in 1835, a number of men\\nflocked to the village to offer themselves for service in the Twenty-\\nfourth regiment; but of the number only the five following persons\\nwere needed to complete Capt. James Mooney s company: James H.\\nBalch, Douglas Ingerson, Dennis Jones, John Perkins, and Charles F.\\nStone. Although this was not an affair that affected the town in any\\nway yet there was much interest felt among Lancaster people in hav-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 135\\ning the trouble speedily settled as it had kept the country to the\\nnorth in an unsettled state ever since 1819.\\nWhen the call to arms came again in 1847, on the occasion of the\\nwar with Mexico, Lancaster furnished a number of men for the service\\nwho were included in Pierce s and Ransom s command, the Ninth or\\nNew England Volunteers.\\nAlthough the sentiment of this section of the state was strongly\\nagainst the war, a number of men yielded to what they were pleased\\nto consider their country s call to duty and went to the front. The\\nrecruiting ofificer arrived here Sunday, April 1 1, 1847, and on Tues-\\nday, the 13th, a detachment of recruits left for the front. Some\\nof them died during the hard marches in Mexico. Those who served\\nin that war have been mentioned in our chapter on military affairs\\nin Part II, and the reader is referred to that chapter for fuller in-\\nformation.\\nThe political and civil consciousness of the people of this town and\\nsurrounding section of country was early awakened, hence the more\\nthan common interest felt by them in all public matters. Seldom\\nwas a town settled by such public-spirited men as the pioneers of\\nLancaster and for many years the best men who came to the then\\ndistant town were men of like mind with the first settlers. The same\\nwas true of the other towns with which they were brought most in\\ncontact, Haverhill, Jefferson, Northumberland, and Guildhall in\\nVermont. In all those towns the leading men took a deep and vital\\ninterest in the affairs of the state and nation. Then conditions were\\nsuch here, on the frontier of the nation, that they felt a responsibility\\nin standing as the advance guard of the state and country in Northern\\nNew England. These facts cultivated in them an interest in matters\\nof politics and state, and that interest has never lost its hold upon\\nthe people of this town. No political movement of any magnitude\\nis ever contemplated in the state without reckoning on Coos county,\\nand particularly on Lancaster.\\nPerhaps no decade in the history of the town saw so many, and\\nsuch radical changes as that from 1840 to 1850, during which\\nnearly all vestiges of the old, provincial customs gave place to new\\nand cosmopolitan customs. By its own success the older life of the\\ntown had worked this change, which was in no wise announced with\\nheraldry or trumpets. The people never said by convention, Go\\nto now, we will make radical changes, and many of them in our\\ntown. They came as silently as growth does in the life of a child, so\\nslow and insidious that the most careful observer does not see it\\nuntil it is accomplished. So with the passing of the old forms and\\ncustoms once so prevalent in the life of the people of Lancaster.\\nNo revolutions were planned and executed with rancor and conten-\\ntion over the relative merits of things old or new but a grand evo-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "136 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nlution was working out results that involved the best thought and\\nefforts of four or five generations since the Puritan ancestry of these\\npeople had landed on the shores of New England. Few, if any, of\\nthe men and women of that period were conscious of the results\\nthat were destined to follow the earnest and persistent efforts they\\nwere putting forth in the competition and cooperation that was\\ngoing on in the life of the communit)-. Perhaps they were content\\nwith their daily bread, the comfort and the happiness they enjoyed\\nfrom well-ordered lives, not for a moment aware that these things\\nwere the greatest factors of change in the life of a village or town.\\nTo the student of history there were present symptoms of all the\\nchanges that have since taken place but one never seems to be\\nable to fully comprehend the remote significance of the activities\\nwith which he is most intimately connected, and the movements of\\nwhich he is a part. The business, social, and intellectual life of the\\ntown was struggling for closer connection with the life of the coun-\\ntry at large. There were earnest efforts being put forth to render\\ncommunication with the larger centers -of trade and social life easier\\nand quicker. With the coming of railroads so near as Lowell, Mass.,\\nthe distance to Boston did not seem ^u/^c so long; and when the\\nrailroad reached Concord, N. H., it was possible to reach Boston in\\na little over twenty-four hours by stage and rail in 1849, and later,\\nwhen the Passumpsic railroad reached Mclndoes Falls, the trip was\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2still shortened by some hours. People at once began to travel more\\ntheir products and the merchandise for which they were exchanged\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2could reach their destinations in their respective markets in a few\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0days. The entire life of the people in all their concerns now as-\\nsumed a quickened pace. The quiet and deliberate manners of the\\npast began to yield to the nervous, impulsive manners of the larger\\ncommunities. The merchants caught up the proverb of the city\\nmerchant Quick sales and small profits and the people began\\nto look for those quick sales and cheaper goods in the hope of get-\\nting more for their labor.\\nNo sooner had the commercial life of the town come under the\\nspell of the new era of rapidity of action than the whole life of the\\ntown pulsed with the almost wild enthusiasm. The business men\\nand farmers were alike interested in inducing a railroad to connect\\nLancaster with Concord, N. H., or Portland, Me. The valley of the\\nAmmonoosuc and the notch through the White Mountains were\\nexplored in the hope of engaging some company to build a road\\nthrough either one or the other of those regions. P^verything\\nseemed to depend on the quickening of the activities of the town,\\nand in keeping in step with the onward march of progress through-\\nout the country.\\nWhile all this effort was being put forth there was going on every", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "James W. Weeks.\\nWilliam D. Weeks.\\nWilliam D. Spaulding.\\nEnoch Lip.f.ev Colhy", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 137\\nconceivable degree and kind of change in the Hfe of the people.\\nThey began to see how, with railroads, could be turned to account\\nthe hitherto unused resources of the section of timberland to the\\nnorth, and which could be handled here with profit to the com-\\nmunity. Such routes were to be opened up through this northern\\nsection, and Lancaster was anxious to have them pass through its\\nterritory.\\nThe circumstances of life we have been recounting had the ten-\\ndency to produce a class of men of great capability in many ways.\\nFrom the earliest times the conditions had been such, in this north-\\nern section of country at least, as to produce in the inhabitants a\\ndegree of versatility or readiness to adapt themselves to a variety\\nof occupations. Such conditions and traditions tended to make the\\nmen of the second and third generations conscious of their inherited\\nabilties, and led to a disposition to assert and maintain their posi-\\ntion before the public. They were frequently called into the service\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of the state and nation because of their capability of rendering val-\\nuable services.\\nMany of the men of that time living in the town could take a\\nsurveyor s compass and run a line with as much accuracy as any\\nman of our day. Their education was of a practical kind. It was\\nno uncommon thing for surveying to be taught in almost any school\\nthat was in the least degree above the ordinary school of the three\\nR s. Almost every family had in its membership some bright boy\\nwho would learn to use the compass.\\nWhen the boundary survey between the United States and Canada\\nwas made in 1845, ^o Lancaster men were called into the service\\nand did very good work during the course of that portion of the\\nsurvey under the charge of Commissioner Albert Smith of Portland,\\nMe., from Hall s Stream to Lake Champlain. These men were:\\nHon. James W. Weeks, his brother, John Weeks, John Hubbard\\nSpaulding, John M. WHiipple, and Joel Hemmenway. To James\\nW. Weeks was assigned the task of making the preliminary surveys\\nand sketches for the topographical map of the entire line, while the\\nother Lancaster men acted in various capacities as chain carriers,\\nsetters of the monuments, and using the compass on the topographi-\\ncal work. This party was fitted out in Lancaster, April 29, 1845.\\nThe commissioner and some of his surveyors and engineers arrived\\nin Lancaster on April 28, and at once sought some one who pos-\\nsessed a knowledge of the section of the country between here and\\nwhere their work lay. It was soon found that the man who pos-\\nsessed the knowledge they sought was James W. Weeks, a land-\\nsurveyor of some reputation who had been engaged in the survey\\nof state lands on Hall s stream in the town of Pittsburg, some ears\\nprevious to this time. He produced a rough map of the section", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "138 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nwhich the commissioner and his chief engineer copied, after which\\nMr. Weeks was engaged to join the party which he did in a few\\ndays as soon as he could arrange his business to be absent for some\\nmonths. He at once joined the party, and found the three other\\nLancaster men I have named already engaged for their respective\\nparts in the business.\\nThe actual work began in May, and lasted until September.\\nAfter the completion of the survey and the party was disbanded,\\nthe work of completing the topographical map of the line was\\nassigned to Mr. Weeks to be done in Lancaster. Mr. Weeks com-\\npleted his map, and upon the direction of Major John Pope\\nof Bull Run fame delivered it to him on September 26, 1845,\\nRichford, Vt. This piece of work gave the best of satisfaction, and\\nhas never been found defective in any respect.\\nSurveys and Marking of the Eastern Boundary of N. H.\\nWhen the boundary line between the states of Maine and New\\nHampshire became a matter of greater importance than when at\\nfirst established, giving rise to disputes, the two states, by commis-\\nsioners appointed by their respective legislatures, caused a survey\\nto be made in 1828. The commissioners on the part of New\\nHampshire were the Hon. Ichabod Bartlett of Portsmouth and\\nHon. John W. Weeks of Lancaster.\\nThese commissioners, acting with those of Maine, began work at\\nEast pond, the head of Salmon Falls river, and during that and the\\nnext season ran the line to the northern limit, marking the same by\\na few stone monuments and by blazing trees. In time this marking\\nbecame a matter of uncertainty, giving rise to disputes as the timber\\nlands of that region were rapidly increasing in value. Accordingly,\\nthe two states again appointed commissioners in 1858 to ascertain,\\nsurvey, and mark the boundary line from the northwest corner of\\nFryeburg to the Canada line.\\nThe governor of New Hampshire appointed Col. Henry O. Kent,\\nthen clerk of the house of representatives, as commissioner on that\\nsurvey on the part of this state.\\nReceiving his appointment on June 28, 1858, Colonel Kent at\\nonce began preparations for the task before him, and he took as\\nassistants Lieut. James S. Brackett and Lieut. John G. Lewis of Lan-\\ncaster. Joining the commissioner of the state of Maine, the party\\nstarted September 14, 1858, from Wilson s Mills on the Magalloway,\\nfor the northern end of the line.\\nThe task was an arduous one, but was finished on October 13,\\n1858, by the erection of the last monument at the northeast corner\\nof the town of Fryeburg. The line was marked by renewing the\\nold markings and monuments, and the erection of many new monu-\\nments at road crossings and other conspicuous points along the line.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "A TRANSITION PERIOD. 139\\nTheir work was so well performed that the line has never since been\\na question of important uncertainty or dispute.\\nThe men of the decade between 1840 and 1850, those who were\\nleaders in thought and action in the community, were of good\\nsense and judicial judgment. There were then a number of men in\\nLancaster who could have filled any position of responsibility in the\\nstate, and others who were shrewd men of affairs. A lively interest\\nwas taken in all the important questions of the day, and not a few\\nmen and women among them were possessed of a considerable criti-\\ncal faculty. One of the most knotty problems, however, that Lan-\\ncaster men ever ran against was what was known at the time as\\nspirit rappings. The notorious Fox sisters of Hydeville, N. Y.,\\nin 1848, set the world wild over what were supposed to be the\\nrappings of the spirits of the dead. All over the country ignorant\\nand visionary people were being frightened almost out of their wits\\nby a self-imposed delusion. But long before the Fox sisters, the\\ndelusion reached Lancaster, and, as usual with it, the attack was\\nupon a bevy of school-girls in the stilly and mysterious time of\\nearly night when all things are hushed into that stillness in which\\none can almost hear the workings of his own mind. All of a sud-\\nden rappings were heard by them, as they supposed, on the wall be-\\ntween the room they were in and an adjoining one. Alarm at once\\ntook hold of everybody. Was it some one trying to work upon\\ntheir fear or credulity? A search by an irate father of some of the\\ngirls failed to discover mischievous boys hidden away in the house.\\nHe laid by the whip with which he intended to administer a mer-\\nited punishment upon the wicked boys, and gave his thought to a\\nsolution of the mysterious rappings, becoming more bold and loud\\nas longer the frightened family listened to them. What could it\\nbe? Was it not a miracle? Was it some token of good or ill given\\nby a good God? Or was it the work of a demon? If not one or\\nthe other of these, might it not be what everybody had heard so\\nmuch about the raps from spirits?\\nCourt was in session, and the village was favored with the pres-\\nence of some of the ablest jurists on the bench in New Hampshire.\\nWhy not call into requisition this and the local talent at solving\\nmysteries\\nThat is just what was done. A gathering of distinguished men\\nwas summoned to investigate the mysterious phenomena, among\\nwhom we find the names of such reputable men as Judge Tillotson,\\nJudge Cushman, Maj. John W. Weeks, Esq., A. N. Brackett, Reu-\\nben Stephenson, Gov. J. W. Williams, Col. John H. White, Gen.\\nJohn Wilson, besides many others almost as noted for learning and\\nsound judgment.\\nThis company set themselves seriously to the task of unravel-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "I40 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ning the mystery that had thrown the village into a furor of excite-\\nment. They observed, they experimented, and they discussed the\\nquestion; but in the end they had to give it up as unsolved, if not,\\nindeed, unsolvable, and the community in general accepted their\\ndecision as wise and just. The matter never reached as high a\\ndegree of excitement here as in many other villages throughout\\nthe country, but there have always been a few persons who regard\\nthe so-called phenomena as a mystery, portentous of something,\\nthey hardly know what.\\nSuch delusions have never carried many people into the extremes\\nso well calculated to mislead the unscientific minds of the masses\\nin this town. So far as we can learn, there has never been subse-\\nquent occasion for the formation of investigating committees in town\\nto study this or any other delusion. An occasional ghost story\\nhas been invented by the smart young fellows of the streets,\\nwhose tastes have been about as crude as their ignorance was dense.\\nNothing of importance has ever come of such attempts to play upon\\nthe fear and credulity of the ignorant and unwary. One of such\\nattempts called out from an editor at one time the suggestion that\\na shotgun was the best antidote for ghosts, and volunteered to go\\nas one of the pall-bearers. The ghost took the hint. Such has\\ninvariably been the attitude of the community toward ghosts.\\nCHAPTER XI.\\nLANCASTER FROM 1850 TO THE PRESENT TIME.\\nThe middle of the present century marks a point in time when\\nLancaster was rapidly leaving off her old characteristics and taking\\non the new ones that were destined to make her a community like\\nall others throughout New England. The old pioneer customs and\\ninstitutions were practically gone by 1850. The community was\\nastir with feelings of anxiety to get into line with other towns in\\nthe acceptance of all sorts of improvements. Lancaster was only\\nforty-eight hours from Boston by the means of travel then in vogue,\\nand the railroad was expected to shorten that by nearly one half\\nwithin a few years. In 1848 steps had again been taken to get\\na railroad to Lancaster, and it was only a few years until the White\\nMountain did get as far as Littleton (1853), running up from\\nWells River.\\nTimes had been fairly good, and the people were in a prosperous\\ncondition by the middle of the century. The population of the\\ntown had grown to 1,559, a majority of whom lived in the village\\nand found means of livelihood at something else than farmine. In", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "Mt. Prospect.\\nMt. Pleasant.\\nFrom Bunker Hill.\\nVillage and Meadows fro.m Bunker Hill.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 141\\nfact, the town did not then seem so much a farming community as\\nit had for so many years. This of itself may be taken as an indica-\\ncation of prosperity. No town is prosperous when all its people\\nfollow the same occupation, be it what it may. It does not take a\\nbody of workers long to produce more of a giv^en class of things\\nthan it has use for, and decline must as inevitably follow such accum-\\nulation of goods that are steadily decreasing in value in propor-\\ntion to their increase in volume. The tiller of the soil can only find\\na profitable sale for his commodities when there are many people\\nproducing something else while they are not competing with him.\\nWhen Lancaster ceased to be a town in which every man was a\\nfarmer, or again every man a maker of potash or potash barrels,\\nit began to expand and prosper.\\nBy the time of which I am speaking, a majority of the people\\nwere following occupations that were practically new ones in the\\ntown, such at least as their fathers had not been called upon to\\nfollow. Some vocations had ceased to exist, but the growth was\\nfrom the demand for new ones to meet the changes that had come.\\nAll kinds of business transactions were greatly accelerated by the\\napproach of the railroads. Even in 1850, when the railroad had\\nreached no nearer than Wells River, the merchant could order\\ngoods from Boston by mail and have them upon his shelves inside\\nof six days, a thing that fifty ears before would have been thought\\nutterly impossible within that length of time. Such, however, was\\nthe truth. I find in the diary kept by the late R. P, Kent that he\\nordered goods from Boston by the noon mail on Monday, Nov. 1 1\\n1850, and received them at noon the Saturday following, November\\n16. That event was considered one of importance, and rightly, too,\\nfor it was fraught with great significance to the business interests of\\nthe place. The most important feature of the transaction was in\\nin the lessening of the freight rates. This change brought the rates\\ndown to seventy-three cents from Boston to Lancaster, by rail and\\nteam. This w^as a portentous event, one that stands as a milestone\\non the road of development. A little circumstance like this often\\nhas the effect to throw the schedule of economic values out of order\\nand demand their readjustment on a basis of new facts and that\\nis just what occurred then in Lancaster. For a few years all kinds\\nof business affairs were restless. Some accommodated themselves\\nto the changed condition of things and prospered the more for it,\\nwhile others, either unable or too slow to make the change in\\nmethods of transacting business, suffered loss or failed.\\nThe greatest gain from the coming of the railroads so near was\\nin connection with the lumber interests. The wealth of timber that\\ncovered the hills of Lancaster and towns adjoining it was practically\\nof no commercial value on account of the distance from the markets.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "142 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nIt was then considered feasible to use the rivers as highways for the\\nshipment of lumber, but it was not possible for an individual of\\nlimited capital to float logs a hundred miles or more into close\\nproximity to the markets, and there cut the lumber, as is now done\\nby such large corporations as the Connecticut River Lumber Com-\\npany, which cuts some years as many as seventy-five million feet of\\nlumber from logs chiefly floated down the river from this country.\\nThe most valuable pine, and other timber, had been extravagantly\\ncut, and in some instances wasted in the early days of the present\\ncentury. No one seemed to see in the timber of the town any great\\nwealth until about the time the railroads came so near that it was\\nprofitable to cut the lumber and haul it to the roads for shipment to\\nthe large markets by that time very little good timber remained in\\nLancaster.\\nWhen the Atlantic St. Lawrence railroad (now the Grand\\nTrunk) reached Northumberland in 1852, the people began to\\nutilize their timber by getting it into shape for shipment on that\\nline of road. An important interest was centered in what was called\\nship knees. These were made from the stumps of the tam-\\narack, following the bend of the roots as they diverged from the\\ntrunks of the trees a knee, or right-angled bend could be got out of\\nmost any tamarack tree. These were used for knees, or braces, in\\nthe old style of ship-building before metal came into use for braces,\\nas at present. The swamps of this town and adjoining towns were\\ncovered with a large growth of tamarack, and for some years afforded\\nthe people an occupation that paid well. From the trunks of the\\ntrees, from which the knees were taken, what was called ship tim-\\nber was made, which was an equal source of gain to the people\\nengaged in the enterprise. There were no persons who devoted all\\ntheir time to this work but the farmers and their farm-hands found\\nit a profitable means of employing the winter months to keep busy.\\nThis industry was followed until the tamarack was all cut off.\\nThe late R. P. Kent noted in his diary, January 5, 1855, that teams\\n^numbering 40 horses had passed his store that day drawing ship\\n)knees and ship timber to Northumberland. This winter occupa-\\ntion in no way interfered with the farming enterprises but on the\\ncontrary made it more profitable, as it came at a season when the\\nfarmer would otherwise have lain practically idle for several months.\\nIt was an equal source of profit to the laboring class who depended\\nupon being employed by others. At that time there was no float-\\ning population following the lumber business as now. The operator\\nin those enterprises had to secure his help from the town, off the\\nfarms, and from the village; and what profit resulted from such un-\\ndertakings helped more directly to develop the enterprises of the\\ntown.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 43\\nWhen the ship timber was exhausted the people next turned\\ntheir attention to getting out lumber for sugar boxes, shooks, and\\ncommon grades of lumber, which for many years continued a profit-\\nable business.\\nFrom 1850, until the breaking out of the civil war, times were\\ngood, and this section of country was prosperous. Those engaged\\nin the various kinds of lumber business made money and the\\nfarmer got good prices for his products. In 1855 farm produce\\nwas uncommonly high. Wheat was $2 a bushel; corn, $1.25;\\noats, 30 cents; buckwheat, 50 cents; butter, 20 cents a pound;\\ncheese, 10 cents; lard, 14 cents; pork, 8 cents; beef, 4 1-2 cents;\\npotatoes, 50 cents; hay, $10 per ton; wood, $1.20 per cord.\\nWith a railroad to Northumberland, only 10 miles distant, and\\nanother to Littleton, 21 miles, goods were being cheapened and com-\\npetition in trade much encouraged by the lower freight rates, only\\nthen about one half what they had been a few years before. About\\nthis time the traveling salesman began to appear in almost all lines\\nof commercial business. He could reach a wide territory by the\\ncombined service of railroads and stage-coaches. When the new\\nLancaster House was opened for the reception of guests for the\\nfirst time on the fourth of August, 1858, commercial travelers were\\non hand to the number of eight, from which we may infer that they\\nwere pretty plenty. Business was brisk in this northern section of\\nthe state, and Lancaster was then, as now, a trading center for a\\nlarge section of country about it.\\nAbout this time Lancaster, especially the village, began to be\\nstirred up over the anti-slavery question. The centre of the infec-\\ntion, as it was then regarded, was the Rev. George M. Rice, minis-\\nter of the Unitarian church, who was a rabid abolitionist. He prob-\\nably never saw a slave in his life, but reached his position of enmity\\nto the institution from the literary and humanitarian grounds, for it\\nwas then being vigorously discussed all over the country.\\nThe Cods Republican, established by Daniel A. Bowe and David\\nB. Allison, December 10, 1855, took strong anti-slavery position\\non all political questions and being ably edited for a country news-\\npaper, had considerable influence in the community. In the early\\nspring of 1859, public lectures were delivered upon the subject.\\nThe first lecture of the kind, outside of the pulpit, was delivered\\nby a Mr. Depp, an enfranchised negro, who had been a slave. He\\nlectured in the town hall, March 7, 1859, to a large audience of\\nLancaster people. On August 5, 1859, William Lloyd Garrison,\\nthe famous champion of anti-slavery doctrines, lectured in the town\\nhall on American Slavery. But the people felt interested in that\\ncause, as we may infer from the fact that in the fall of 1856, a popu-\\nlar contribution was made for the so-called Free State sufferers", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "144 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nin Kansas. A box of things contributed for that purpose was\\nshipped from here by the contributors on October 22, 1856.\\nWhen the question of slavery came into national politics as one\\nof the causes contributing to the attempt at the disruption of the\\nunion, it was not a strange question to Lancaster people. They\\nhad given it serious consideration, as they had done all the great\\nquestions of the times, for they were not slow to take an interest\\nin national affairs. From the formation of the town down to to-\\nday its people have always been keenly interested in state and\\nnational affairs.\\nWhen the census of i860 was taken it showed a population of\\n2,020. Of that number about 1,400 lived in the village, which then\\ncomprised 103 houses located on thirteen streets. The town then\\ncast 345 votes in the November election. The growth in popula-\\ntion was healthy, there being an increase of 461 for the last decade;\\nand the growth of wealth kept in about the same ratio of increase.\\nSuch was the community that oung Emmons Stockwell must have\\ndreamed of helping to plant, as alone he wandered through these\\nbroad meadow lands more than a century before, when returning\\nfrom the expedition into Canada against the Indians, which had\\ncrushed out one of the cruellest bands of savages that this section of\\ncountry had in it, making possible the settlement of these fine lands,\\nheretofore a hazardous and dangerous undertaking from which the\\nstrongest heart shrank with fear. It had had its reverses, as we\\nhave seen, but it had also had its prolonged seasons of prosperity,\\nand the last three decades had been prosperous ones for Lancaster.\\nShe had, in i860, reached a point in numbers and wealth that only the\\nmost far-sighted of her former citizens had ever thought of. Little\\ndid any one surmise that there was awaiting this, as thousands of\\nother prosperous and peaceful places, an experience that was to\\nleave her people wiser, but infinitely sadder over the loss of the\\nchoicest of her sons who were destined to go to the slaughter of one\\nof the most cruel wars in the history of this, or any other country,\\nwhile those who were to survive and return to their native firesides\\nwere to come back broken in body and spirit to pass the remainder\\nof broken lives where all had seemed to offer them so much pros-\\nperity and happiness a year before. But such was to be one of the\\nchapters in her history and when the crisis came, when the red\\nhand of sedition, rebellion, and disunion had been raised in defiance\\nof law and the peace of the nation, Lancaster heard the call to\\narms as the lovers of their country only hear to obey.\\nLANCASTER DURING THE CIVIL WAR.\\nIn the fall election of i860, the town cast 233 votes for Lincoln\\nas against iio for Douglas, and one each for Breckinridge and Bell,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 45\\nthe four presidential candidates. This fact shows that the union\\nsentiment in Lancaster was strong; nor must we reckon the fol-\\nlowers of Douglas as indifferent to the Union, for many of them\\nwere found among our volunteers when the Rebellion was de-\\nclared and troops were called for.\\nOne week to a day from the issuing of the call by President\\nLincoln for 75,000 volunteers, for three months, to put down the\\nRebellion, a recruiting ofifice was opened here with Col. Henry O.\\nKent as recruiting officer, April 22, 1861. In two days twenty-\\nfour men were enlisted. Recruiting continued rapidly, until nearly a\\nfull company was raised and sent to Portsmouth, where the Second\\nRegiment was then forming, making the bulk of Company F. The\\nregiment left the state June 21, reaching Washington in time to be\\nin the Union lines at the Bull Run battle. The First Regiment\\nwas mustered out August 9, 1861 but most of them re-enlisted\\nunder the call for 300,000 men for three years. Under this second\\ncall for volunteers there were enlisted twenty-three men from August\\n13-20, for the Third regiment, E. Q. Fellows, colonel, and sent to\\ncamp at Concord.\\nOn August 27, 1 86 1, Capt. Edmund Brown was commissioned to\\nraise a company. He enlisted a number of men, and finally on\\nOctober 7, 1861, joined the famous Fifth New Hampshire Volun-\\nteers then being raised by Col. E. E. Cross, a native of Lancaster,\\nat Camp Jackson, Concord.\\nWe cannot here follow the Lancaster men who went into the\\nservice of their country at this trying time, for to do so would\\nrequire that we recount a large portion of the history of the Civil\\nWar, as these men were in many commands, and often engaged in\\nthe hard-fought battles on which the settlement of the great conflict\\nhinged. Others have told the story of their service ably; and the\\nstate has generously provided for the publication of a history of\\nevery separate regiment of its soldiers during the war, which his-\\ntories are now or soon will be available in all public libraries.\\nLancaster contributed the following men to the Second New\\nHampshire Sharpshooters Joseph K. Hodge, James S. Kent,\\nReuben F. Carter, Thomas S. Ellis, Reuben Gray, Horace F. Morse,\\nand Timothy Grannis.\\nDuring those periods, when enlistment of volunteers was going\\non, all interests centered upon the recruiting office. Martial music\\nfilled the air, and patriotic speeches were made, and in every way\\nthe younger men of the town were made to feel the call of duty\\nsingling them out as the ones who were needed at the front to put\\ndown the Rebellion, and save the Union inviolate and glorious to\\ntheir posterity.\\nMr. A. F. Whipple trained a band in i860, which furnished the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "146 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nmusic on those occasions of recruiting, and the departure of the\\nmen, which latter event called out many citizens to see them off for\\nduty and danger.\\nIn October, 1862, Jared I. Williams was commissioned as recruit-\\ning officer to raise a company for the Seventeenth New Hampshire\\nVolunteers.\\nIt was soon discovered that our army, so hastily massed, with\\nnothing previously done for its health and comfort either in camp\\nor on long marches, or in the hospitals, was the prey of diseases\\nand casualties which the men were wholly unaccustomed to. Their\\nsufferings were so great as to appeal to the sympathy and humane\\nfeelings of their fellow-citizens at home in that most practical\\nmanner that made the United States Sanitary Commission and\\nthe United States Christian Commission institutions of the war\\nscarcely second to those of any of the army or government depart-\\nments. All over the country people who had friends at the front\\nwere aroused to send to the hospitals and camps such things as\\nthe revenues of government could not readily obtain. Not unmind-\\nful of their neighbors thus exposed, the citizens of Lancaster held a\\npublic meeting at town hall, October 21, 1861, to take measures\\nfor making a practical and generous response to the call of the\\nSanitary Commission. Richard P. Kent was chosen chairman of the\\nmeeting, and Mrs. H. F. Holton secretary. It was considered best\\nto appoint one person in each of the school districts of the town to\\nsolicit such articles as the people might be able to contribute for\\nthat purpose. The following persons were appointed to solicit in\\ntheir respective school districts\\nNo. I. (Comprising the village north of the river) Mrs. Howe, Mrs.\\nGeorge F. Hartwell, and Mrs. Henry O. Kent.\\n2. Mrs. William Rowell.\\n3. Miss Maria P. Towne (afterward Mrs. Dr. Bugbee).\\n4. Mrs. Asa H. Aspinwall.\\n5. Mrs. Samuel Twombly.\\n6. Mrs. Albert F. Whipple.\\n7. Rev. Moody P. Marshall.\\n8. Mrs. James Mclntire.\\n9. Miss Sarah Smith.\\n10. Mrs. Susan Boyce.\\n1 1. Mrs. S. H. Legro.\\n12. (That part of the village south of the river) Mrs. Thomas S.\\nUnderwood, and Mrs. Jared I. Williams.\\n14. Miss Sarah W. Emerson (now Mrs. S. W. Brown),\\n15. Mrs. George H. Watson.\\nOn motion, Mrs. Jacob Hamlin, Mrs. A. L. Robinson, Mrs.\\nI. S. M. Gove, Mrs. H. C. Walker, and Mrs. Nelson Kent were", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 47\\nappointed a committee to receive money contributed, and appro-\\npriate it in making purchases of such articles as would best meet\\nthe object in view. Mrs. Royal Joyslin was made custodian of the\\narticles collected, and the post-ofifice designated as a depot for the\\ndeposit of them until ready for shipment to Dr. Howe, the agent of\\nthe Sanitary Commission at Boston, Mass.\\nOn November i, 1861, three large boxes of supplies were shipped\\nto Dr. Howe. Other contributions were made at later dates, and\\nat no time did the interest of the citizens in their neighbors at the\\nfront slacken in the least. The town made ample provision for the\\nwives and children of the men who enlisted. It happened that there\\nwere a number of families wholly dependent upon the daily wages\\nof the men who felt it to be their duty to volunteer in their country s\\ndefence. These the town made ample provision for the sustenance\\nof, while the husband and father was in the service.\\nDuring the fall of 1862 a number of men were enlisted for the\\nSeventh regiment by Capt. J. I. Williams. In the hope of stimu-\\nlating an interest and making it more an object for men to enlist, a\\npublic war meeting was held at town hall, July 27, 1862, on a notice\\nsigned by seventy of the most prominent citizens. It was decided\\nthat a bounty of $100 should be offered to men who would enlist\\nfor three years, and $75 for nine months enlistments. This meas-\\nure had some effect in increasing the number of enlistments for a\\nfew months, for it was certain that if the full number was not secured\\nby volunteers a draft would be made, and most men would rather\\nvolunteer than run the risk of being drafted a pride that is worthy\\nof some commendation.\\nThe coming of every mail was watched by the people with a keen\\ninterest for news from the seat of war. With feelings of dread would\\nthey scan the columns of the daily papers lest their sight should\\ncatch the name of a fellow-citizen among the dead or wounded of\\nsome dreadful battle, or from the scourge of diseases peculiar to\\ncamp-life. Often was that fear realized, for Lancaster men were in\\nmany of the hottest contests of the war, and at times the regi-\\nments to which they belonged sustained fearful losses in battle.\\nWhen a decisive victory was won by the Union army there were\\ndemonstrations of rejoicing on the streets. When the news came\\nMay 12, 1862, that Norfolk had fallen, and that the Rebel ram,\\nMerrimac, had been destroyed by the Monitor, a national salute\\nwas fired, and general rejoicing was indulged in by all in the hope\\nthat the war would soon terminate but alas more defeats were\\nneeded to break the spirit of the enemy.\\nIn 1863 the much-expected and talked-of draft came. On Sep-\\ntember 26, a draft was made in presence of Henry W. Rowell of Lit-\\ntleton, in which fifty-three men were drawn. This draft included", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nsome of the best young men the town could boast of and most\\nof them wilhngly went to the front, some of whom made remarkably\\ngood soldiers. Others were able to secure substitutes by paying\\nlarge sums.\\nIn July, 1863, the news of the death of Col. Edward E. Cross, of the\\nFifth regiment, was received and threw the whole town into mourn-\\ning, for the people had come to recognize in him one of the bravest\\nof ofificers. He had led his regiment through some of the worst\\nbattles of the war, and had come out of them all, although wounded,\\nas though he possessed a charmed life. His regiment had been in\\nthe siege of Yorktown and Williamsburg, the battle of Fair Oaks,\\nthe seven days battle in the retreat to Harrison s Landing, and at\\nAntietam had won its name of The Fighting Fifth. They were\\nin the charge on Marye s Heights under Hancock, opposite Fred-\\nericksburg, at Chancellorsville, and finally at Gettysburg, where\\nColonel Cross received a fatal wound while leading a brigade. His\\nbody was returned to his native town for burial, and his shattered\\nregiment was returned to Concord to be recruited.\\nA movement was at once set on foot to erect a suitable monu-\\nment to Colonel Cross, which after some delay was accomplished.\\nRenewed calls came for more men to fill the quota of the town.\\nEnlistments had ceased, and now the town at a meeting, April 15,\\n1864, voted to pay a bounty of $300 to all men enlisting until the\\ntown s quota was filled; and also $iOO to such persons out of the\\ntown whose enlistment shall count to the credit of the town.\\nThis liberal bounty did not have the desired effect. Only a few\\nenlisted under its tempting offer. It was thought better to induce\\nmen to volunteer than to risk a draft, as the draft was a mere matter\\nof chance, and was as likely to fall upon men that could least be\\nspared from the support of their families or their business, and even\\nupon such as were least able to secure substitutes.\\nAnother town-meeting was called for August 29, 1864, when it\\nwas voted to offer bounties of $800 for enlistments for one year\\n$1,000 for two years; $1,200 for three years; and $100, $200, and\\n$300 to one, two, and three year men, aliens, but who should be\\ncredited to the town.\\nThis offer had the effect to call out twenty-two men at once, and\\nlater a few others were enlisted. The town thus at considerable\\ncost met its quota, and in every way discharged its obligations in\\nfurnishing the army for the nation s defence.\\nIt was this year, of 1864, that marked the century point in the\\ntown s history and the event of its settlement and first century of\\ngrowth was duly celebrated, the story of which we tell in Part II, of\\nthis history, and therefore simply refer to it here in its proper place\\nin the narrative. The event was of more than ordinary importance.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 49\\nIt turned the people s thought upon themselves and their situation,\\ntheir opportunities and responsibilities in a way to awaken in them\\nself-consciousness, by which the community is as truly born to a\\nhigher life as is the individual and we know how when one be-\\ncomes conscious of himself he enters into a higher life, not content\\nwith life as it is, but strives to make it like the ideal that floats before\\nhis vision. With the turning of the people s thought upon them-\\nselves, and back along the way over which their forefathers toiled\\nto build the institutions they enjoy, a community is born again.\\nNew visions of life are evolved, and man is challenged by all that\\nis best in him to make good the aims for which so many genera-\\ntions, as he may be made conscious of, have toiled, and toiled for\\nhim, too. A community bestirs itself to make its second century\\nbetter than its first by profiting by the accumulated experience of\\nthose who have gone before them over the same road they must\\ntravel. The first fruits of this new devotion to the ideal floating\\nbefore the people, wafted hither on the wings of oratory, music,\\nand good cheer, was the purchase of the plot of ground, on which\\nthe celebration was held, as a park, now named Centennial Park.\\nWith the coming of peace within a year from the date of the cen-\\ntennial of the town, renewed interest was manifested in everything\\npertaining to the good of the community.\\nIt was with feelings of unbounded joy that the people heard,\\non the 14th of April, 1865, that Lee had surrendered, and that the\\nwar was ended.\\nThis bit of good news was made the occasion of a celebration.\\nOne of the old six-pounder iron cannon (known as the Bennington\\ncannon, because captured of the British at the battle of Bennington)\\nwas brought out of the arsenal, placed on the northwest brow of\\nBaker hill and fired until it burst into fragments from an over-charge.\\nThe joy with which families received their absent ones back, as\\nthey were mustered out of the service through the summer, was un-\\nbounded, though many hearts were heavy almost to breaking over\\nthe lost ones who fell on Southern battle-fields, or on the long\\nmarches, or in camp or hospital, of diseases and fatigue little less\\nfatal than the chances in battles. There went from the town a long\\nand honorable list of men, of whom many were numbered among\\nthe dead and missing, and whose places have been vacant in the\\nhomes and hearts of their families and neighbors. Many of those\\nwho did return were battle-scarred and broken in health, illy able to\\ntake up again their tasks in civil life where they had laid them down\\nfour years before to try the uncertain fortunes of war but bravely\\nthey applied themselves to the old tasks, or sought new ones by\\nwhich to win a livelihood for themselves and those dependent upon\\nthem, grateful for what degree of success has come to them.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "ISO HISTORY OF LANCASTER,\\nLancaster is proud of her veterans and she is justly proud of her\\npart in the history of the great drama by which the Union was pre-\\nserved one and inviolate, a Union of free states.\\nUntil 1866, a daily mail from the south and one from ihe east had\\nbeen the quickest means of communication with the world at large.\\nThose facilities, when first secured, put Lancaster very nearly on a\\nfooting of equality with other towns in New England but the times\\nhad changed. The age of electricity had come the subtle force\\nwas beginning to do a larger share of the world s work, especially\\nin the transmission of news. The telegraph, through its 60,000 miles\\nof lines, had ramified almost the entire country, and had been ex-\\ntended to unite the two hemispheres, bringing the world so close\\nto our feet that we could send our thoughts and wishes around the\\nglobe in a few minutes.\\nNo more did Lancaster want telegraphic connection with the rest\\nof the country than the rest of the country wanted such means of\\ncommunication with Lancaster with every community where men\\nlived and did business. Accordingly the American Telegraph Com-\\npany, later the Western Union, began the erection of its lines to Lan-\\ncaster from Littleton in May, 1866. This brought Lancaster and\\nBoston within a few minutes of each other; and since then no service\\nrendered the public by any corporation has been more welcomed than\\nthat of the telegraph, until the coming of the telephone, which now\\nputs us within speaking distance of nearly one half of the continent.\\nAfter the close of the war an era of general improvement was\\nushered in. During the four years of carnage and waste, incident\\nupon the diversion of attention and interest upon the questions at\\nissue in the War of the Rebellion, but little improvement had been\\nmade in anything. Almost all enterprises of a new character seemed\\nto stand still until weightier questions should be settled. No sooner,\\nhowever, was peace restored, than the people began to inaugurate\\ninnovations of various kinds.\\nIn 1868 the first concrete sidewalks were laid in the village. Un-\\ntil then sidewalks had been of a more primitive kind. Board walks\\nhad been in very general use for many years and here, like in other\\nvillages where such walks were in use, there was continual complaint\\nabout their condition. As early as 1855, some one, I know not who\\nit was, laid stones for a walk from the centre of the village toward\\nthe court-house on the west side of Main street. This walk, however,\\nwas not a success, and in the summer of 1868 the selectmen were\\ninduced to lay the first concrete walks in the village. Beginning in\\nAugust of that year, Samuel H. Legro laid concrete walks from the\\nIsreals river bridge, on Main street, as far as the store of J. A.\\nSmith. He laid crossings on Main and Middle streets, and con-\\ntinued a walk on Middle street, from Main street to L. F. Moore s", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 151\\nhouse. This experiment was so successful that in October of the\\nsame year he began at Smith s store and extended the concrete walks\\nas far as to R. P. Kent s store. This was by way of experiment, but\\nwhen the next season proved that there was nothing better for the\\nconstruction of walks, it was decided by the selectmen to extend\\nthem from the points where they left off as far as the court-house\\nand the Catholic church on Main street. Those walks remain to-day\\nin a good state of repair, except between Bunker Hill and High\\nstreets on the east side, at which point the grade has been raised\\nand some repairs made. Otherwise no repairs have been made upon\\nthem since they were laid down in 1868 and 1869. It has long since\\nbeen accepted as the proper kind of walk for comfort and economy,\\nand from time to time the amount of concrete walks has been in-\\ncreased until nearly every street of any importance has one or both\\nwalks laid of that material. It has become the settled policy of the\\ntown to lay a certain amount of that kind of walk every year, with\\nthe intention of finally covering the entire village walks with it.\\nSome walks have been made of crushed stone since the town has\\nowned and operated its own stone crusher; but these walks have\\nproven to be but makeshifts. A few pieces of brick v/alk, laid by\\nindividuals in front of their premises, still exist and there remains\\nbut a single section of wooden walk in the village a short piece on\\nNorth Main street.\\nThe spirit of improvement that secured the concrete sidewalks in\\n1868 and 1869, called for the lighting of the streets during the latter\\nyear. By private enterprise a number of kerosene lamps were placed\\non the streets, which was a decided improvement in helping people\\nto pick their way along on dark nights. These private lights were\\nin use for more than a decade before the town took the matter in\\nhand to properly light the streets at the public expense. There\\noften seemed other need of lighting the streets than the mere com-\\nfort it afforded. In 1872 the rumor gained credence in the village\\nthat an organized gang of thieves from New York city were planning\\nto visit the village and operate here. This called the citizens out, in\\na meeting held at the counting-room of R. P. Kent, to take steps to\\nhave the streets properly lighted and patrolled for a term of six\\nmonths from November of that year. This was taken, however, as\\nmore of a scare, and nothing was done in either direction more than\\nto make the people a little more vigilant in the matter of looking\\nafter their own property and rights. The street lights were kept\\ntrimmed and burning with a little more than ordinary care but the\\nthieves did not come.\\nThe village had grown, meanwhile, to the formidable number of\\n1,100 souls, with enough more in the rural districts to swell the en-\\ntire population of the town to 2,248 in 1870. There were then, by", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "152\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nactual count, 240 houses in the village. This showed an increase of\\n206 over the 34 cheap houses, only eight of which had ever been\\npainted, in 1825. Everything else had increased in about the same\\nratio of importance during that period of forty-five years. The vol-\\nume of commercial business had greatly increased during that event-\\nful period and agriculture and manufactures had enjoyed an equal\\ndegree of prosperity. The manufactures of the town had become\\nvery considerable, though we have no means of getting at their value\\nfor lack of statistics upon which we may rely. In regard to the agri-\\ncultural interests and products of the town we are more fortunate in\\nhaving the following reliable return, made in connection with the as-\\nsessment for the year 1875. The books of the town show that for\\nthe year from April i, 1874, to April i, 1875, an agricultural prod-\\nuct to the value of $409,265 was secured by the enterprise of the\\ntown, as shown by the following table of items\\nAgricultural statistics of the town of\\n1875:\\nLancaster from April i, 1874, to April i.\\nHay\\n10,962 tons.\\n$i3i 544\\nStraw\\n416 tons.\\n2,496\\nPotatoes\\n62,435 bushels.\\n24,974\\nOther roots\\n1,050\\n315\\nCorn, shelled\\n2,121\\n2,121\\nWheat\\n1,953\\n2,929\\nOats\\n21,415\\n12,849\\nRye\\n65\\n65\\nIndian wheat\\n1,097\\n548\\nPeas and beans\\n388\\nn(^\\nFruit\\n1,650\\n660\\nSmall fruit\\n2,500 quarts.\\n250\\nButter\\n57,764 pounds.\\n17,334\\nCheese\\n4,010\\n668\\nPork\\n67,780\\n6.778\\nEggs\\n5,365 dozen.\\n1,073\\nPoultry\\n4,693 pounds,\\n782\\nMaple sugar\\n27,400\\n2,740\\nWood cut\\n11,108 cords,\\n27,770\\nLumber\\n2,237 M,\\n1 1,185\\nHorses, April i, 1875\\n572,\\n48,286\\nCattle,\\n1,580,\\n57,288\\nSheep,\\n2,012,\\n8,132\\nHelp hired\\n608 months.\\n15,200\\nMutton and lambs\\n5,301\\nBeef\\n26,990\\nTotal\\n$409,265\\nDogs, April I, 1875\\n89\\nValuation\\n1,060,684\\nNumber of po\\nlis\\n654", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 1850 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 53\\nHere was an income of about $340 per capita in the actual prod-\\nucts of the farms in that year. The wages of the farm laborers\\naveraged twenty-three dollars and thirty-five cents. The homes of\\nthe people were comfortable and plenty, cheer, and hope abounded\\non every hand. The aggregated wealth of the town, as shown by\\nthe assessment, was much above the million dollar mark. At that\\ntime there were no wealthy men in town. This wealth was much\\nmore evenly distributed then than it now is, so it can readily be\\nimagined that the prosperous and comfortable people of the town\\nwere many; and if there were any persons who knew what want was\\nthey were extremely few, and the generosity of the town was exer-\\ncised in their behalf. No town could be more mindful in the relief\\nof distress and the help of the unfortunate than Lancaster has always\\nbeen.\\nIn 1878 the village was visited by two calamities by which much\\nvaluable property was lost. On the evening of April 9, 1878, a fire\\nwas discovered in some hay and rubbish in a barn, in the rear of\\nRowell Allen s store on Main street, where Eagle block now\\nstands. The flames soon communicated with the store, and then\\nfrom one to another building until fifteen business places and several\\nresidences were consumed, together with most of their contents.\\nBut little of the goods and household effects was saved. There was\\na loss of over $50,000 worth of property, with little more than half\\nenough insurance to cover it. The buildings were poor wooden\\nstructures of but little value, which were the smallest items in the\\nloss. There were many heavy stocks of goods lost upon which the\\ninsurance was light. On account of the inflammable character of\\nthe buildings and their contents, the fire got beyond control of the\\nfire companies which were on the scene soon after the alarm was\\ngiven but with the inadequate supply of water and the meager\\napparatus at their command they were helpless in the presence of so\\nformidable a fire. Fortunately A. J. Marshall, whose place of busi-\\nness was where L. F. Moore s store now stands, on Middle street, had\\na force pump which he trained on the fire and stopped it in that\\ndirection. About one half of the business portion of the village was\\nconsumed. The fire swept everything away from Dr. Stickney s\\nhouse where Benton s block now is and the river on Main, and on\\nthe north side of Middle street. So intensely hot was the fire,\\nwhich raged all night, that buildings on the west side of Main street\\nwere charred from the sidewalk to the ridges of the roofs. They\\nwere saved only with the utmost exertion of almost the entire popu-\\nlation. The women turned out and helped to save what goods\\ncould be carried to a safe distance from the flames, and also to carry\\nrefreshments to the men who were heroically striving to save the vil-\\nlage from complete ruin.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "154 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe following were the chief losses sustained by the conflagration\\nKent Griswold, dry goods, loss on stock, $4,000, insured in the\\nHartford for $3,500. H. Whitcomb Co., harness and saddlery,\\nloss about $600, insured in the Home for $500. Kent, Cobleigh\\nCo., tin shop, loss $10,000, insured in Hanover ALtna, for\\n$3,500. Chas. E. Rowell, M. D., loss $1,000, insured in North\\nAmerica, for $500. E. T. Wilson, photographer, loss $500, insured\\nin Shawmut, for $300. W. G. Baker, groceries, loss, $2,500,\\ninsured in Hartford, for $1,500. Mrs. Eliza R. Spaulding, building,\\nloss $3,000, insured in Shoe Leather and Fanueil Hall, for $2,400.\\nJacob Benton, Nutter block, loss $3,000; no insurance. Express\\ncompany, slight loss. O. H. Kimball, dentist, loss about $300 no\\ninsurance. Coos Republican Association, printing ofifice, loss\\n$3,500; no insurance. Oliver Nutter, household furniture, $1,500\\nno insurance. Charles W. Garland, spring bed manufacturer, loss\\n$200 no insurance. Rowell Allen, dry goods and groceries, on\\nstock and building, $7,000, insured in yEtna and Home, for $4,000.\\nCoos Lodge, No. 35, and Waumbek Encampment, No. 24, L O. O.\\nF., loss about $1,000; no insurance. Frank Smith Co., flour\\nand grain, loss on stock and building, $6,000, insured in North\\nAmerica and New Hampshire for $2,300; Jas. S. Smith, building,\\nloss $1,000; no insurance. A. Cowing, barber, loss $100 no insu-\\nrance. D. W. Smith, groceries, loss on stock and building, about\\n$8,000, insured in Springfield and Shoe Leather, for $3,500.\\nWm. Clough, building, loss $350, insured in Springfield for $250.\\nHosea Gray, meat market and provisions, loss $2,000 no insurance.\\nGeo. K. Stocker, fish and oyster market, loss $250; no insurance.\\nMrs. Stickney, dwelling house, loss about $1,700, insured in the\\nHome for $1,000. Slight damages to Emmons S. Smith, Dr. D.\\nL. Jones, A. D. Benway, Mrs. N. Sparks, C. E. Allen Co., J. A.\\nSmith Co., Geo. W. Lane, Fred C. Colby, A. J. Marshall, Lizzie\\nC. Thomas, post-ofhce, telegraph ofifice, town clerk s office, Mrs.\\nBowman, Ladd Fletcher, Benton Hutchins, Dexter Chase,\\nW. H. Heywood, J. G. Crawford, Thos. S. Underwood, Ray, Drew\\nJordan, Guernsey Howe, John P. Hodge and several others.\\nSteps were at once taken to rebuild the most important business\\nplaces, and in a short time the burnt structures were replaced by\\nbetter business blocks than any the village had ever known and\\nin time the fire was looked upon rather as a blessing than a ca-\\nlamity, as it made better buildings both possible and necessary. It\\nalso impressed upon the minds of the people the need of better facil-\\nities for protection against fire. The cause of this fire was some-\\nwhat obscure, though credited to three tramps who had been seen\\nin that vicinity only a short time before its discovery, and who were\\nnot seen afterward.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "II\\nPart of Main Street, 1872.\\nSouth Main Sikkki I imhk iw u./c.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 55\\nAgain in the fall of that year another, and in some respects more\\ndisastrous, fire visited the village. This time, on the morning of\\nSeptember 28th, a fire was discovered in the third story of the\\nell part of the Lancaster House. The fire companies were promptly\\non the scene of the conflagration but owing to the location of the\\nfire and the rapidity with which it spread after communicating with\\na tarred roof they could do nothing to stay its ravages. The heat\\nwas so intense that it drove the firemen to such a distance that they\\ncould accomplish nothing with their feeble apparatus and the slender\\nstreams of water at their command. The loss on the building and\\nits contents was estimated at $30,000, with $25,000 insurance.\\nThis hotel had been recognized by the people as one of the most\\nimportant enterprises of the village and now that the proprietors did\\nnot see fit to rebuild it, they realized that the fire was one of the\\ngreatest calamities that had visited the village at any time in its his-\\ntory. There was not another hotel of any importance in the village\\nand it seemed a necessity to the accommodation of transients doing\\nbusiness here that there should be a first-class hotel.\\nThe matter of rebuilding the hotel ran along for three years\\nbefore anything of a practical character was done to accomplish\\nthat desired end. On the evening of February i6th, 1881, a public\\nmeeting of the citizens was held at Eagle hall to take some steps to\\nsecure the rebuilding of the hotel. As one result of that meeting a\\ncompany was organized to build a good hotel on the site of the one\\nthat was burnt in 1878. This company was known as the Lancaster\\nHotel Company. The chief personality connected with it was the\\nlate John Lindsey, a somewhat noted hotel-keeper.\\nAt a town meeting held March 27, 1881, it was Voted that the\\nselectmen buy the land of the old Lancaster House site of Ray\\nBenton for $2,000, and hold the title to the same, and rent it to the\\nLancaster Hotel Company for $1 per annum, when they shall have\\ncompleted a hotel to the value of $10,000 on the premises; and if\\nsaid company at any time make a tender of $2,000 the selectmen\\nshall quitclaim the property to said company. (See Town Records.)\\nIt was not until May, 1882, however, that the work on the new\\nhotel was begun. On the 8th of May, 1882, John Lindsey began\\nwork on the present Lancaster House building and by November\\n28th had it completed. On the evening of that date it was lighted\\nfor the first time by gas generated on the premises. On the evening\\nof November 29th the house entertained the first guests, consisting\\nof six traveling men. This house was then, and has remained since,\\na first-class hotel. Mr. Lindsey, in company with his sons, continued\\nto conduct the house until his death in 1890. His son, Ned A. Lind-\\nsey, deceased, and his son-in-law, Lauren A. Whipp, conducting it to\\nthis time.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "156 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nDuring the period between the burning and the rebuilding of the\\nLancaster House much discussion had been indulged in with respect\\nto the possibility of making Lancaster a summer resort, with ade-\\nquate hotel accommodations. This induced Mr. William H. Smith\\nin 1883 to build a hotel on the crest of Mount Prospect, south of\\nthe village, which commands one of the finest views that can be\\nfound anywhere within miles. The atmosphere on the mountain is\\ncharming; and a good spring of pure water offered a supply equal\\nto all demands upon it. A road had been built up the mountain in\\n1859. A good carriage road was built up the north side of the\\nmountain in the fall of 1882 by Mr. Smith who for several seasons\\nwas landlord. The house became a financial loss to its owner. It\\nhas since fallen into ruins through the combined agency of decay\\nand the vandalism of the men and boys, mostly the latter, who visit\\nit. It is to be regretted that so splendid an opportunity for conduct-\\ning a summer house should have been abused and given up.\\nIn 1882, the people became much interested in the matter of a\\nbetter water supply. Until that year every family had to provide\\nits own water from the capricious and uncertain sources of springs\\nor wells. In the earliest times the well had its old-fashioned\\nsweep, consisting of a long pole mounted in the crotch of a post,\\nand to the longer end of which another pole was made fast to carry\\na bucket down into the water, while the other end of the sweep was\\nweighted with stones to serve as the force that would lift the filled\\nbucket from the well. Such primitive contrivances were seen on\\nnearly all premises until quite late toward the middle of the present\\ncentury, when pumps began to come into use. The first pumps\\nwere metal ones, and very expensive, so that they were little used.\\nThe people could not afford them but Yankee genius was never\\nwithout resources, and they imitated the metal pump with wood. A\\nlog was bored through the centre and properly connected with a\\nwooden cylinder in which the valves were located, and let down into\\nthe well. A wooden rod was connected with the lever and valve,\\nand as good results were obtained as if a high-priced metal pump\\nhad been used and the wooden one did not cost more than a very\\nsmall fraction of what the metal one would have, and generally out-\\nlasted it, too.\\nAt a still later date, about 1850, the hydraulic ram was the pop-\\nular device for conveying water as it possessed the power of lifting\\nit over hills and other obstructions in the course where it was wanted\\nto be conveyed. One Perry W. Pollard, a tinsmith in the employ\\nof R. P. Kent, astonished the natives in 1854, by fitting a lead pipe\\ninto a well on the Gotham farm, and by the now well-known princi-\\nple of the syphon, lifting water out of the well and conveying it to a\\nlower level. One can well imagine the open-mouthed wonder with", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 57\\nwhich the simpler ones viewed the young mechanic from Providence,\\nR. I. No doubt some thought him in possession of supernatural\\npowers but they learned from him a useful lesson in regard to the\\nprinciples and powers of the syphon. Water from the various\\nsprings against the hillsides was conveyed into the houses in the\\nvillage below by means of wooden pipes, which consisted of logs\\nbored through with an auger properly fitted for the purpose. These\\nso-called pump-logs have continued in use to the present time,\\nthough most of them have given place to lead or iron pipes. The\\nbest, and most durable, pump-logs were made of tamarack from six\\nto eight inches in diameter and fifteen feet long. Balsam fir was\\nused to some extent, but was not so durable as the tamarack.\\nThere were many persons engaged in the business of boring and\\nlaying pump-logs; but Shadrach P. Hartford, brother of Stephen\\nHartford of East Lancaster, was forty years ago regarded as the\\npast master in the art of making and laying pump-logs. Some of\\nhis work still remains to this day in good repair and is doing daily\\nservice in conveying water.\\nFor many years the village had no other source of water supply\\nthan wells and these pump-logs from springs on the hills. The\\nsouth side of the village was supplied from springs opening into the\\nbank where Prospect street now is, and from a large one on Holton\\nHill. The noted cold spring on the Whitefield road, south of the\\nstone-crusher, furnished a large supply of the best of water, and\\nthis is still connected with the Lancaster House. When the Lancas-\\nter House was built in 1858, it took all its supply from this spring.\\nWhat was known as the Pleasant Spring Aqueduct Company took\\nwater from a large spring on the south side of the east road, a little\\neast of where the Maine Central round house now stands. This line\\ncovered and supplied Middle street and Main as far north as the\\nJ. A. Smith residence near the corner of Bunker Hill street.\\nAnother famous spring was the Everett spring located in the\\nEverett pasture on the north slope of Bunker Hill, which fifty years\\nago was a cleared pasture but is now grown up to a second growth\\nof pines. This spring afforded a fine stream of the best water in\\ntown. Judge Everett brought the water to his house the old Cross\\nplace on the corner of High and Main streets. Later a portion of\\nthis stream was deeded to Elizabeth Everett, his sister-in-law, by\\nEphraim Cross and carried to the house which since its removal is\\nnow owned by the Forshees on Summer street, but which then stood\\nwhere the Van Dyke house now stands. Still another portion of\\nthat stream was sold to Isaac B. Gorham who lived where Charles\\nHowe now does on Main street; and at a still later date, 1840,\\nRichard P. Kent, who had just built the homestead where Col, E.\\nR. Kent now lives, bought another share of this spring. In 1848,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "158 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nGeorge Bellows, then living where Cyrus D. Allen now does on\\nMain street, bought for a company the remainder of that stream and\\nconveyed it to his house, and a number of others on that street. The\\nvolume of water began to shrink soon after that time, and as the\\nstream was much divided no small trouble resulted to families who\\ndepended upon it for their water.\\nThis led to Frederick Fisk, and later, Charles E. Allen, putting\\ndown a system of modern tubing and later iron pipes, with a view\\nto collecting water from a number of springs on several hillsides\\nand carrying it through the village under one system and manage-\\nment. This was a great improvement over the old way of every\\nfamily looking after its own pump-logs. This system was inadequate\\nto the demand upon it. It was not of sufficient volume to furnish\\nwater for street sprinkling, nor did it meet the requirements of the\\nvillage in case of fires. There was an urgent demand for a better\\nsystem; and in i89i,a private company undertook to bring water\\nfrom the Garland brook beyond Matthew Smith s, some six miles\\ndistant from the village. This company built the present hydrant\\nsystem, one of the best systems to be found in all New England.\\nThe water is as pure as can be found, coming as it does from the\\nlarge forest section of the town of Kilkenny. The water is taken\\nout of Great brook, and carried directly to the service pipes, with a\\nreservoir on the side of Mount Pleasant in which is a sufficient storage\\nfor all emergencies 180 feet above Main street.\\nThe company made a contract with the fire precinct to turn over\\nthe system within a given time if the precinct (village) wished to\\npurchase it upon the payment of the cost of construction and 10 per\\ncent. -additional. In 1894 the village fire precinct purchased the\\nplant. A committee consisting of Col. H. O. Kent, J. I. Williams,\\nand Henry Heywood was appointed to make an award, and adjust\\nthe price, which they did, allowing for the plant the sum of $74,000,\\nwhich was raised by the sale of bonds which was authorized by\\nspecial act of the legislature at the session of 1895. The precinct\\nthen organized a water commission under the management of which\\nthe system has given entire satisfaction to all using the water. The\\nwater is pure and delicious is a profitable and excellent invest-\\nment and has checked every fire so that no conflagration has since\\nensued.\\nAgain in 1882, the question of lighting the streets came up for\\ndiscussion and finally the matter was carried before the November\\ntown-meeting, at which time the following vote was passed Voted,\\nThat the town light the village streets with suitable lights, to be pro-\\ncured and kept as the judgment and discretion of the selectmen may\\ndirect, and the said selectmen are authorized to draw money from\\nthe town treasury therefor (Town Records). The judgment of the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 59\\nselectmen was that twelve kerosene oil-lamps were sufficient, and\\nthey provided that number and arranged for the proper care of\\nthem. This did not satisfy many of the villagers. They thought\\nthat twelve public, and thirteen private, lights were not sufficient to\\nlight a village containing a population of 1500. covering an area of\\nabout two square miles. The discussion that followed the plac-\\ning of these lights on the streets resulted in the organization of a\\ncompany in 1889, for lighting the streets with electric lights. The\\nElectric Light company put in a plant, using the incandescent lamps,\\nby means of which the streets have been well Hghted. The power\\nis furnished by Frank Smith Company at their mills. Two dyna-\\nmos are used for the two circuits street and indoor circuits. There\\nare maintained 108 lights on the streets; and many offices, stores,\\nand residences are using the company s lights. The plant has been\\na very satisfactory one, rendering a good service, and at a moderate\\ncost to both town and citizens, the estimated cost of lighting the\\nstreets for 1897 being $1,224 for 108 lights. Few concerns have\\nrendered the community better service than the Lancaster Electric\\ncompany. Certain important improvements are contemplated by\\nthe company which will very much enhance its efficiency to the\\npublic service.\\nAt the March town-meeting in 1889, the sons of the late Richard\\nP. Kent made the offer to the town of a fountain to be located in\\nfront of his late residence on Main street as a fitting memorial to\\ntheir parents, who had been identified with the business and social\\ninterests of the town and community since 1825. The offer of this\\nfountain was made on the condition that the town maintain it in the\\nfuture in accordance with the designs of the donors as affording\\ndrinking water to man and beast as well as serving as an ornament\\nto the village streets when the, then contemplated, system of water\\nworks should be completed. The town accepted the offer, and the\\nfountain was finished by the time of the completion of the water\\nworks, and put in use on the first of December, 1892. This foun-\\ntain is a fine piece of workmanship in design and execution, and\\nan ornament to the village, keeping fresh the memory of one who\\nhelped develop the industries of the town, upon which its pres-\\nent prosperity rests, and serving thirsty men and animals with one\\nof the noblest services man can render his fellows, the offering of the\\ncup of cold water.\\nThe structure is of granite. A large and convenient water-box\\nwith two streams of water, is provided. An ornate arch surmounts\\nthe water-box supporting a bronze Victory. On the face toward\\nthe street, is this inscription", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "l6o HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nIN MEMORIAM.\\nRichard Peabody Kent,\\nEmily Mann Kent.\\nOn the face toward the sidewalk\\nTo the Town.\\nFrom Henry O. Kent,\\nEdward R. Kent,\\nCharles N. Kent.\\nOn the keystone of the arch\\n1892.\\nAt the same time that this fountain was building another one was\\ndesigned and given the town by Mrs. Louisa Dow Benton, widow\\nof the late Jacob Benton, in memory of her husband who died from\\nthe effects of an accident in the fall of 1892. Mr. Benton had long\\nbeen a resident of the town. He had attained prominence as a law-\\nyer, business man and politician.\\nThis memorial fountain is a neat and tasteful structure standing on\\nthe corner of Main and Mechanic streets, directly in front of the\\ndoorway of the present Town Hall building. It is of red granite,\\nand contains a water-trough for animals, a separate stream for drink-\\ning purposes for man, and a trough for dogs and lesser animals,\\nwhich latter arrangement is a very thoughtful and humane one. By\\nthis arrangement a grateful service is rendered the smaller animals\\nof the community, which often spares them much inconvenience\\nand suffering from thirst. Man is a selfish animal he will not live\\nwithout these animals about him, and yet he so often, for the lack of\\nthoughtfulness, makes either inadequate or no provisions for their\\ncomfort.\\nThis fountain is inscribed with the following memorial\\nIn memory of Jacob Benton as a gift to the town this fountain was erected\\nby his wife Louisa D. Benton, on the day of his death September 29, 1892.\\nOn the face toward the street, and directly above the water\\ntrough, is this inscription\\nThou shalt bring forth them water out of this rock. So shalt thou give the\\ncongregation and their beasts drink.\\nOn the globe surmounting the fountain the words\\nPro Bono Publico.\\nThese fountains render to the village, and to the traveler over our\\nstreets, a valuable service, one that it is impossible to properly esti-\\nmate in words or figures. One has to see the use of them, especially", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "Summit Mt. Washington,\\n\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bbi|\\nMl^.^^Hfc,\\nKent Fountain.\\nBenton Fountain.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 1850 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 161\\non the hot days of summer, and the mute expressions of comfort\\nshown by the animals daily throughout the year, in order to appre-\\nciate their worth to the community. No more fitting memorial can\\nbe made of the dead by their friends. One such fountain docs\\nmore for humanity and civilization than all the granite and marble\\nthat can be piled up in a cemetery, I care not how artistic that pile\\nmay be. The one is a living memorial, imparting life, strength,\\nhealth, cheer and comfort every day the other is a dead thing, a\\nstoried memorial.\\nIn 1890, the population of the town had reached 3,367, and the\\nvaluation, as shown by the assessment for that year, $1,636,813.00.\\nThe valuation is low, and probably does not represent more that 75\\nper cent, of the actual value of property in the town. The value of\\nthe property of the people of this town shows conditions that are\\nsatisfactory evidence of prosperity, and that all the comforts of life\\ncan be found among the citizens. The showing of the present time\\nis much better than seven years ago. Add to the valuation, which\\nis the basis of the taxes of the town, the vast amount of property\\nnot taxed by the town, and the wealth record of Lancaster would be\\nswelled to a very much larger sum, a sum that would rank it as one\\nof the wealthiest of country towns in the state.\\nAn event of considerable interest, and well worthy a place in these\\nchronicles, was. the coaching parade of 1895, which was repeated in\\n1896, with great success.\\nFor many years coaching parades have been held at Bethlehem\\nand Conway, and other places of resort for summer tourists in this\\nmountain section. These events have always been highly appreci-\\nated, both by the visitors and the citizens of the places in which they\\nhave been held.\\nIn 1895, it was thought by some parties that Lancaster, inasmuch\\nas it was quite a resort for tourists, should have a parade, or as they\\nare more popularly styled, a gala day. After considerable corres-\\npondence with the managers of other coaching parades, railroads,\\nand proprietors of the mountain hotels and boarding-houses, com-\\nmittees were appointed at a public meeting called at the Lancaster\\nHouse for that purpose, and all necessary arrangements were made\\nfor a gala day on August 15, 1895. The name under which it was\\nadvertised and managed was The North-Side Coaching Parade.\\nEncouragement was received that the proprietors and guests of the\\nleading hotels and boarding-houses about the mountains would take\\npart in the parade. The railroads, especially the Maine Central^\\ncooperated to its success. This road generously loaned the commit-\\ntee enough bunting to decorate all the public buildings of the vil-\\nlage. The citizens took a deep interest in the movement, and by\\ncontributions of money and the elaborate decoration of their houses", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "1 62 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nguaranteed its success. The enterprise was well advertised and\\nwhen the day came it was one of those glorious days of summer\\nthat puts every living thing at its best. Heavy rains a few days be-\\nfore had laid the dust and refreshed all nature. The day broke with\\na clear sky, and by eight o clock the streets began to fill up with\\npeople. Streams of teams kept coming over the hills, and large\\nexcursion trains arrived from all the railroads, so that by ten o clock\\nthere was such a throng of people as is rarely seen in a country\\nvillage. Gov. Charles A. Busiel, and many distinguished citizens\\nfrom abroad, were present to witness the event. Scores of finely-\\ndecorated coaches and carriages were in line, as well as a variety of\\nexhibitions of the various industries and enterprises of the town.\\nTwo bands, the Berlin Cornet band and the Saranac band, of Lit-\\ntleton, discoursed music on the occasion. Taken all in all, it was an\\nindescribable profusion of beauty and pleasure, a scene never to be\\nforgotten, but one that surpasses the powers of anyone to describe\\nin the limits of the space that we can devote to it.\\nGrand as was this first gala day, as great as its success was, it was\\nrepeated the next year under the same management and committees.\\nThere were in it such variations from that of the previous year that\\nmade it even more attractive in many respects.\\nSEWERS.\\nTaken together with the completed system of water-works, the\\nsewer system constitutes one of the most important public improve-\\nments in the history of the town. After the water-works were com-\\npleted there became a demand for adequate sewer facilities to render\\nthe use of the hydrant system more effective, as there was no means\\nof disposing of a surplus of water consequent upon many uses of\\nsuch a system. This, together with the question of disposing of sur-\\nface water, and especially the sanitary requirements of the village,\\nmade a sewer system necessary.\\nThere had been some public sewers and many private ones put in\\nfrom time to time, but these were small and generally disconnected.\\nMany of them discharged into the river within the limits of the\\nvillage, which from an aesthetic and sanitary point of view made\\nthem extremely objectionable. It was desired to either do away with\\nthese or combine them and find a place of discharge farther down the\\nriver.\\nThe first sewer ever put down in the village was in 1848, by Rob-\\nert Sawyer, surveyor of highways. It was a plank box, running from\\nDr. Stickney s of^ce, where W. I. Hatch s jewelry store now is, to\\nthe river near the north end of the bridge. This undertaking pro-\\nvoked a great deal of comment and criticism at the time but it\\nproved to be a very serviceable sewer for many years. In fact, it", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "Coaching Parade, 1895.\\nAk( H ox Main Stkkkt, 1895.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "LANCASTER FROM 185O TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1 63\\nwould be as good to-day as any if the proper precautions had been\\ntaken to keep it from fiUing with silt from the streets. It was never\\nflushed, except as the surface water flushed it after a heavy rain-\\nfall. When the sewer was cut through in the summer of 1896, at\\nthe corner of Main and Middle streets, the plank were found to be\\nperfectly sound, and will last yet for many years.\\nOther sewers were put in from time to time as there was a press-\\ning demand for them. In the March meeting of 1894, a move was\\nmade to have a complete and perfect system of sewers put in. A\\ncommittee was appointed to investigate the needs of the village and\\nhave a survey made, and report to the next meeting as a basis of\\naction in the matter. This committee took the matter in hand, and\\nsecuring the services of F. H. Fuller, C. E., had a survey made of\\nthe village streets, and reported the results to the annual meeting of\\n1895. The matter was discussed, and brought up at an adjourned\\nmeeting. It went over again until at the March meeting of 1896,\\nwhen a committee was appointed to act in connection with the se-\\nlectmen in putting in a system that should meet the demands of the\\nvillage, and also Grange village in the eastern part of the town. The\\nsum of $30,000 was raised by bonding the town to pay off its float-\\ning indebtedness, the remainder to be used upon the construction\\nof the sewer system as far as it would complete it that year. The\\nwork to be done upon the sewers was to be so done as to be the\\nbeginning of a system that could, in the future, be completed and\\nperfected to meet the needs of the village.\\nThe committee appointed to serve in connection with the select-\\nmen were: I. W. Drew, J. I. Williams, H. O. Kent, Burleigh Rob-\\nerts, and George F. Black. The selectmen were William H. Hart-\\nley, Joseph D. Howe, and Gilbert A. Marshall. This joint commit-\\ntee met and organized March 21, 1896. Henry O. Kent was made\\nchairman, W. H. Hartley, clerk.\\nG. H. Allen, C. E., of Manchester was engaged to examine ex-\\nisting sewers and investigate the several plans proposed. Previous\\nsurveys made by Williams Osborne were approved by Mr. Allen,\\nand the work of construction proceeded.\\nIt was found that after providing for the payment of town debts\\nthen outstanding there was left, available for sewer construction,\\n$10,000. The work commenced June 23, 1896, under the direction\\nof W. H. Hartley, J. D. Howe, and G. A. Marshall (selectmen), as\\nan executive committee of the joint committee. G. H. Allen was\\nmade consulting engineer, with Williams Osborne doing the de-\\ntails of the engineering work on the ground.\\nThe committee decided to employ only labor from the town, by\\nwhich means encouragement was offered to the working men of the\\ntown, instead of bringing in foreign labor of a cheaper and question-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "1 64 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nable order. This was a wise measure from several points of view,\\nand was highly commended by the citizens of the town.\\nThe outlets were sought, and located on Isreals river. Three dis-\\ntinct systems were decided upon. The first one includes all the ter-\\nritory south of Isreals river, and discharges into the river on Water\\nstreet, a little above the bridge of the B. M. railroad.\\nThe second division comprises Bunker Hill street east of Summer\\nstreet, Summer street south of Bunker Hill street. Middle street, Hill\\nstreet, Fletcher street, Richardson s court, Main street south of\\nBunker Hill, and Canal street, with the outlet on the Hopkinson\\nmeadow.\\nThe third division comprises Main street north of Bunker Hill\\nstreet. North Main street, Kilkenny street, Bridge street, Wolcott\\nstreet, Wallace street, Summer street north of Bunker Hill street.\\nBunker Hill west of Summer street. Cemetery street. Railroad street,\\nand High street, and discharges near the railroad bridge.\\nThis gives the village 25,570 feet of sewers, 13,424 feet of which\\nis of the old system, and 12,570 feet of the new. The committee\\nrecommend the future construction of 16,628 feet, necessary to cover\\nthe entire village. There was also put in 500 feet in Grange village.\\nThe entire expense of the above work was $10,597.73.\\nWith the completion of this system the village now has thorough\\nsanitary drainage of both streets and buildings. This taken in con-\\nnection with the water system gives every promise of a service\\nthat cannot but greatly enhance the healthfulness and comfort of\\nlife in the village. The only urgent needs to the perfection of the\\nservice of this sewer system are better grading of streets to facilitate\\nthe rapid running off of surface waters, and proper grading and mac-\\nadamizing to facilitate cleanliness. All of these things will come, no\\ndoubt, in due time and when accomplished will add greatly to the\\nalready attractive appearance of the village.\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nEDUCATION.\\nThe First Schools The Foundations of the Public Schools Lancas-\\nter Academy Graded School High School General Interest in\\nEducation\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Present Condition of Education in the Town.\\nThe earliest attempts at education in the town were private enter-\\nprises of which no records were kept, and hence after a lapse of\\nmore than a century we have very little exact knowledge of those\\nfirst efforts to plant the school in Lancaster. The records of the\\nfirst fifty years or more have been lost, so that all the exact informa-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "THE FIRST SCHOOLS. 1 65\\ntion we can get is found in the records of the town showing action\\nat its meetings, as preserved in town records. Besides this there\\nare a few private documents that throw some hght on the sub-\\nject. There are interesting traditions connected with the first\\nschools that are of interest, and we give them for what they are\\nworth.\\nTradition says that Ruth Stockwell, the first white woman in town,\\ngathered the children of the first settlers into her house, and gave\\nthem some instruction in the simpler branches, as reading, spelling,\\nand possibly arithmetic, and writing. How systematic, and how\\nregular, or how long that sort of teaching was continued we are not\\ninformed. Tradition has been chiefly interested in connecting her\\nname with the first real effort at teaching the children of her neigh-\\nborhood. Her work may have been mere seed planting that ma-\\ntured into a school, and called for what tradition also says was the\\nfirst schoolhouse in town, a rude log cabin built somewhere on the\\nriver terrace eastward of the house of Ruth Stockwell, and near the\\nhouse of her father, David Page. At all events, when the town was\\ndivided into districts, the one in that vicinity was numbered one, as\\nindicating that it was older than number two in the Bucknam neigh-\\nborhood. Just who was the first school-master in that old school in\\nthe Stockwell and Page neighborhood we are not quite sure.\\nA Mr. Bradley taught there in 1789, and may have been the first\\nteacher for anything that we know to the contrary. It appears that\\nMr. Bradley taught that school for several years; but aside from\\nthe fact of his teaching there we know very little of him. We do\\nknow, however, as a matter of history that one Joseph Bergin from\\nBoston, Mass., was the first teacher in the Bucknam neighborhood,\\nnow known as District No. 2, although the old numbers have no\\nreal significance except to those who were familiar with the dis-\\ntrict system, which was abolished in 1885, when the present town\\nsystem came into use. Of him Edwards Bucknam wrote in his\\ndiary: June 12, 1787, Joseph Bergin came up from Boston. June\\n13, Joseph Bergin went to wash his clothes at Lacous s. June 14,\\nBergin came to my house. June 20, Bergin went to keeping school\\nfor 6 months at $5 a month.\\nThese first schools had short and irregular terms, as the people\\nhad little money to spend upon them, and the teachers were seldom\\nmen who cared to work for produce as they had no families to make\\nuse of such stuff. They could not market produce or convert it into\\nmoney. When the schools were open, only the younger children\\ncould be spared to attend them. Adino Nye Brackett, who came\\nto Lancaster at twelve years of age, said he never attended school\\nafter that time more than six months all told. Maj. John W.\\nWeeks, who came here in 1786, left on record the statement that he", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "1 66 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nnever attended school more than ten or twelve months in Lancaster.\\nThe same was likely true of many other families, though we have\\nno knowledge of the fact.\\nThe first settlers here were men and women of fairly good educa-\\ntion, who were deeply interested in educating their children but\\nthe conditions of life were so exacting that as soon as a boy was old\\nenough to work he had to go with his father into the woods or\\nfields, and do the work of man. He might be spared a few months\\nin midwinter when the demand for his labor was the least. Some\\nof the more ambitious boys studied by the light of birch bark\\naround the hearth after the day s work was done, and in this way\\nadded to what they got in the schools. We have no evidence that\\nthe town gave any financial aid. to the schools until 1 790, when at a\\ntown-meeting, December 13, thirty bushels of wheat were appro-\\npriated for the schools that year. Wheat was then a sort of circu-\\nlating medium that took the place of money, as we have elsewhere\\nstated. Nearly all appropriations were then voted in wheat. At\\nthat time the town must have had two schools, which would have\\ngiven each one the magnificent sum of fifteen bushels of wheat for\\na year s support of schools. This sum was, however, in addition\\nto what the law directs. How much the law directed to be raised\\nfor schools I am not sure of; but under the Provincial Laws towns\\nwere required to raise certain amounts, and to provide schools for\\ncertain lengths of time. The people in this case evidently wanted\\nlonger terms of school than they were required by law to provide.\\nThey had themselves enjoyed the advantages of pretty good schools\\nin the older towns from which they came, and wanted their children\\nto have as good schools as they could afford.\\nAs the growth of population increased and expanded the inhab-\\nited area of the town, the demand for better schools grew stronger,\\nand at the same time more schoolhouses were needed. So at the\\nannual town-meeting of 1794 a committee of nine persons was\\nchosen to divide the town into school districts. That they provided\\nfor three schools is very probable. As we have seen, the first two\\nschools were started at the extreme ends of the town. The village\\nhad by this time come to have about six houses, which made it\\nalmost the equal of either of the two older neighborhoods. The\\ncommittee, when they came to divide the town, probably foresaw\\nthe importance of the situation of the village section as the future\\ncentre of business and residence, and made it school district number\\none. As a new schoolhouse was required by the Stockwell section\\nit was given third place in the list of districts, while the Bucknam\\nneighborhood retained its former number as second on the list of\\nschools.\\nBy a wise provision of the original grantees of the town the terri-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "THE FOUNDATION OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 1 6/\\ntory immediately along Isreals river from the grist mill dam to the\\nupper dam, as we know them to-day, was reserved for mills, the\\nrent accruing from the lands to go for the support of schools. The\\ndifificulties in the way of mills were so many and so great that the\\nrentals of the privileges, when leases were made, were only nominal\\nsums named as rents or considerations. The mill site now\\noccupied by Frank Smith Company s mills was leased to Em-\\nmons Stockwell by a committee acting for the town, for one pint of\\nwheat a year, the same to be paid when called for by the selectmen.\\nOne equal share of the original lands of the township was set apart\\nfor a school, and a lot adjoining the church lot, in the original vil-\\nlage lot, was designated for a school. Such school was never\\nestablished because the two other schools of which I have\\nspoken made it unnecessary. The distribution of population did\\nnot favor a school at that point; and no schoolhouse was built\\nuntil 1833, when the old first district was divided in consequence\\nof the growth of population on the south side of Isreals river in the\\nvillage. This new district was known as No. 12 until it was con-\\nsolidated with No. I to form a union district in 1869 (the school-\\nhouse was on the common, opposite the east end of the old meet-\\ning-house).\\nThus were laid the foundations of the public schools of the town,\\nand it only required time to develop them, and make them a bless-\\ning to the thousands of men and women who have taken advantage\\nof their services.\\nThe story of these schools we have told in detail in another place,\\nand therefore refer to them here only as showing their relation to\\nother events and movements as they took place.\\nAn event of great importance in the intellectual development of\\nthe town, and, in fact, to a considerable extent that of neighboring\\ntowns, was the establishment of Lancaster Academy in 1828, under\\na special charter from the legislature. Some thirty years of the\\nadministration of the public school system had made it evident that\\nthere was felt and recognized the necessity of an institution that\\nshould fit the sons of Coos farmers and traders for college, and to\\nenter business life with a better training than the country, common\\nschool could give them. Accordingly some of the leading men of\\nthe town made a move for the establishment of an academy. Among\\nthat number we find named as the first trustees of the academy,\\nWilliam Lovejoy, John W. Weeks, Jared W. Williams, Richard\\nEastman, William Farrar, Thomas Carlisle, Samuel A. Pearson, Reu-\\nben Stephenson, and Adino N. Brackett. The academy was organ-\\nized, and opened its first term in the old flat-roofed court-house on\\nthe corner of Main and Bridge streets, in 1829, with Nathaniel Wil-\\nson, a recent graduate of Dartmouth college, as preceptor.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "1 68 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAt that time the country was being flooded with academies, that\\ncontinued for about fifty years to serve a splendid purpose in the\\neducational development of our country and some of those old\\ninstitutions, those that happened to secure sufficient endowments to\\nguarantee their existence in the struggle with the free public schools\\nof equal grade for patronage, are still doing much good. A few of\\nthem have had sectarian support from churches; but the Lancaster\\nacademy was free from all sectarian entanglements, and so remained\\nthrough its whole active period of life. The work it did was of a\\nhigh grade, and many hundreds of youth secured in it a good, prac-\\ntical education. It had often as preceptors able men, college grad-\\nuates, and teachers of experience.\\nWhen a new court-house had been built on another site, the lands\\non which the old one stood reverted to the heirs of Maj. Jonas\\nWilder who gave the land for court-house and jail on conditions of\\ntheir use only for those specified purposes. The old building was\\nbought by the academy, and in 1836 was moved to the lot now\\noccupied by the present academy building and the Unitarian church,\\nwhich church site had previously been that of the gun house. Here\\non the new spot an a:ddition was put on the front of the building,\\nand it continued to be used by the institution until 1861, when it\\nwas sold for a Baptist church and a new building was erected.\\nThis academy continued to meet the wants of the community in\\nthe matter of higher education until within the past ten years when the\\npeople began to feel the influence of a better organized public school\\nsystem in the state that included the furnishing of higher instruction\\nfree to the citizens. Not wishing to neglect this universal improve-\\nment of the free, public school, Lancaster people began to demand\\ngraded schools as early as 1865; but it was not until some years\\nlater that they could be organized. In 1869, the twelfth district was\\nadded to the first and a Union district created, and a suitable build-\\ning erected. From that date to the present the village district has\\nkept pretty well up with the advance in educational development in\\nthe state.\\nAfter the village district had enjoyed the benefits of a graded\\nschool for some fifteen years, the demand for a free high school\\nexisted. After much discussion of the subject, an arrangement was\\nentered into between the district and the trustees of the Lancaster\\nacademy, by which the pupils fitted to pursue the higher studies\\nwere taught in the academy at the expense of the district. This\\narrangement, with some slight modifications, continued in exist-\\nence until 1897, when by act of the legislature. Academy and Union\\nDistrict were combined, under the title Lancaster Academy and\\nHigh School. The town is now quite as well equipped in the mat-\\nter of schools as the averasfe New Eneland town of its size and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INTEREST IN EDUCATION. 1 69\\nwealth. Under the present township system the eleven schools in\\nthe town district are well managed, have good houses, and are amply-\\nprovided with text-books and other appliances free to every child.\\nThese schools are open three terms of ten weeks each, making a\\nschool year of thirty weeks school. We have treated of these\\nseparately in Chapter 9, Part II, and the reader is referred to that\\naccount, where each school has been given the attention that its im-\\nportance merits.\\nIn the matter of the support of schools, a spirit of liberality has\\nalways prevailed in the town, though much indifference has existed\\nat times in regard to the character of the school buildings, more\\nespecially in the Union district. The buildings and equipment of\\nthese schools have for many years been unequal to the demands\\nmade upon them by large numbers of pupils and able teachers.\\nPublic opinion favors good schools, and the attendance has for some\\nyears been very good. The number of illiterates in town is very\\nfew, and those of school age who are not able to read and write are\\nfewer still. The large foreign-born element of our population enter\\ninto the hearty support and use of the schools. There are no chil-\\ndren in the town but have a school in reasonable distance upon\\nwhich they may attend the length of time required by law each\\nyear.\\nIn 1846 there was a great awakening of public opinion and inter-\\nest in the matter of improving the public, or common, schools of the\\nentire country. This movement was set on foot by Horace Mann,\\nwho was secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education\\nfrom 1837 to 1848. He aroused the whole nation to a renewed\\nsense of the importance of the free common schools. Lancaster\\ncaught the spirit of this movement, and, like hundreds of other com-\\nmunities throughout the country, called a mass convention to con-\\nvene at the court-house on Nov. 1 1, 1846, for the purpose of organ-\\nizing the people in order to more effectively improve the public\\nschools. I find in the Cods Democrat, of Nov. 17, 1846, the fol-\\nlowing report of that convention, and give it here just as it appeared\\nin the paper\\nCOMMON SCHOOL MASS CONVENTION.\\nSaid Convention met agreeably to previous notice at tlie Academy Hall, in\\nLancaster on Wednesday the iith day of November, at one o clock P. M., and\\nwas organised by the choice of the following officers.\\nBARKER BURBANK, Esq., President.\\nRev. David Perry, Vice\\nReuben Stephenson, Presidents.\\nRev. H. H. Hartwell,\\nA f Secretaries.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "170 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nVoted, That a Committee be appointed by the chair to draft resolutions for this\\nconvention.\\nS. A. Lord, Benjamin F. Whidden and Wm. A. White were appointed said\\ncommittee.\\nMr. S. A. Lord in behalf of said committee presented a report and resolutions,\\nand on motion, it was voted that they be taken up separately.\\nVoted, That a committee of three be appointed by the chair to nominate a cen-\\ntral committee.\\nLord, Hartwell and Cossitt were appointed said committee.\\nVoted, That this Convention adjourn to meet at the Court House, at 6\\no clock, P. M.\\nEVENING.\\nMet agreeable to adjournment.\\nThe committee appointed to nominate a Central Committee reported as fol-\\nlows William Burns, William A. White, George A. Cossitt, which report was\\naccepted.\\nVoted, That Mr. Wm A. White be invited to give an address to this Convention.\\nAfter listening to the spirited address of Mr. White, the following resolutions\\nwere separately discussed by the following gentlemen, in a manner able, spirited,\\nand worthy the importance of the subject before the convention Rev. H. H.\\nHartwell, Cossitt, Benton, Lord, Rev. D. Perry, Whidden, Rix, Fletcher, and\\nwere adopted, viz\\n1 Resolved, That it is the imperious duty of every true citizen and philanthro-\\npist, to deeply interest himself in and for the cause and advancement of Common\\nSchools,\\n2. Resolved, That the cause of Common Schools most emphatically calls upon\\nall parents and guardians, to engage with great earnestness and constancy in seek-\\ning to promote the advantages, and increase the benefits, which should result to\\ntheir children from their schools.\\n3. Resolved, That any and all means, designed for the good of our young peo-\\nple in this way, such as conventions for discussions. Committees for examination,\\nState enactments, c., r^c., ought to be encouraged.\\n4. Resolved, That it is with great pleasure we witness the course taken at the\\nlate session of the Legislature, to encourage and strengthen our system of Common\\nSchools, and that it is the duty of every town to yield a hearty response to the\\nenactments then and there made on this subject.\\n5. Resolved, That it is the duty of every town to take measures according to\\nlaw, by which it may be enabled to receive its proportion of the Literary Fund.\\n6. Resolved, That it is the duty of all the separate districts of this county, to\\ntake immediate and vigorous measures by which the schools in these districts may\\nbe improved.\\n7. Resolved, That more care should be exercised in obtaining suitable and\\nCOMPETENT TEACHERS.\\n8. Resolved, That it is the imperative duty of all parents and others, to co-operate\\nwith their Teachers in sustaining an efficient and thorough system of instruction\\nand discipli7ie, in our various schools.\\n9. Resolved, That it is the duty of every town to appoint, encourage and sus-\\ntain a Superintending Committee in the faithful discharge of all their duties as\\ndesignated by law.\\n10. Resolved, That the present low condition of the Common Schools in this\\ncounty, demands of every citizen immediate action therefore we will unite in the\\ncommendable work of renovating them, and not cease our efforts till they give to\\nour children a thorough, practical education.\\n1 1 Resolved, That we will never abandon this reformation we pledge to it", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "PRESENT CONDITION OF EDUCATION. I/I\\nour minds and hearts in an unwavering purpose to promote the interests of educa-\\ntion, the happiness of the rising generation and the prosperity and welfare of\\nsociety. In view of a work so important, so worthy the co-operation of all good\\ncitizens, we now invite such, without distinction of party or sect to enter our\\nranks and aid us by their counsel and wisdom.\\n12. Resolved, That all Teachers are unworthy our confidence and esteem who\\ndo not in a good degree govern themselves who do not carry out the spirit of\\nthe law, which requires of them diligently to impress upon the minds of the\\nyoung, the principles of piety and justice; a sacred regard to truth, love of coun-\\ntry, humanity and benevolence sobriety, industry and frugality chastity, mod-\\neration and temperance and all other virtues which are the ornament and support\\nof human society and to endeavor to lead them into a particular understanding of\\nthe tendency of all such virtues to preserve and perfect a republican form of gov-\\nernment, to secure the blessings of liberty and to promote their future happiness,\\nand the tendency of the opposite vices to degradation, ruin and slavery\\nVoted, That the proceedings of this convention be published in the Coos\\nCounty Democrat.\\nVoted, That this meeting adjourn to the 2nd day of DecV next at the Court\\nHouse in Lancaster at one o clock, P. M. at which time Prof. Haddock, of Dart-\\nmouth College is expected to deliver an address before said convention.\\nBARKER BURBANK, President.\\nH. H. Hartwell,\\nGeo. a. Cossitt,\\nSecretaries.\\nThis convention continued to meet and hear able addresses upon\\nthe subject of common schools for some years. Sometimes the\\nspeakers were educators from away, but quite as often some man in\\ntown would address the convention on some feature of the common\\nschools. Much good resulted from those discussions, particularly\\nin the matter of inducing better management of the schools, and the\\nselection of better teachers.\\nThere were then few normal schools in the country and New\\nHampshire did not establish her state normal school until 1870.\\nThere was, however, a Teacher s Seminary conducted at Ply-\\nmouth, N. H., from 1837 to 1839, by Rev. Samuel Read Hall.\\nAside from the training of the colleges and academies, teachers were\\nnot regarded as a peculiar product of the schools of a higher grade.\\nIt was supposed that anybody able to read, write, and cipher,\\nand keep order was capable of teaching, or rather as they\\nexpressed it in those days, keeping school. The people had\\nfound out that teaching, and keeping school were not synony-\\nmous terms, and set about correcting the mistakes they had fallen\\ninto. The personal influence of the teacher was not overlooked, as\\nwe see in the twelfth resolution of the convention s report above.\\nThese popular movements were productive of much good at a\\ntime when the states were not exercising the same effective admin-\\nistration of the public school system that they are now.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "1/2 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\nRELIGION AND CHURCHES.\\nNo New England town in the eighteenth century was so fully a\\ncivil body politic as now. Most of the early towns were founded by\\nthe church, and grew up about it as a sort of physical nexus that\\nconnected the church as a spiritual republic with the world.\\nVery naturally in such communities the church was older than the\\ncivil organization and functions of the community. The church by\\nits prior existence largely dominated the civil functions of the\\ntowns.\\nAlthough this condition of affairs was largely changed, and break-\\ning down at the time Lancaster was founded, and the civil organiza-\\ntion and functions of the state were coming more into prominence\\nand freeing themselves from ecclesiastical control, yet religion as a\\nsocial force exerted a great influence in every community. Church\\nand state were still connected by ties that, while they were growing\\nweaker all the time, still held them together. In different commu-\\nnities first one and then the other was most prominent in control-\\nling affairs.\\nThe first towns founded in New Hampshire, Dover, Exeter, Hamp-\\nton, and Portsmouth, were religious republics. Exeter, the asylum\\nof the persecuted Antinomians, under the leadership of the pious\\nWheelwright and his sister, Anne Hutchinson, laid the foundation of\\nthat form of government that has prevailed, with but slight changes\\nin New Hampshire, for more than two hundred years. In these first\\ntowns the church was considered the most important institution but\\nthe civil functions of the town were never dominated by ecclesiastical\\ninterference as in most of the older Massachusetts towns. By a\\nsort of good fortune, Lancaster was largely controlled in its settle-\\nment and for some years afterward by men who had been either\\nbred in those lower towns, or had been much about them. The\\nportion of its settlers who came from Massachusetts had come under\\nan influence that, at that time, was considerable in the northern and\\nwestern part of that state. They were religious men, or at least\\nmen who regarded religion as of first importance to a community.\\nThey were the offspring of Puritans who, being bred under more\\nfavorable conditions than their fathers, had learned to be tolerant.\\nTheir religious character had been softened through the absence of\\nintolerance. All the hard views and practices that prevailed two\\ngenerations before, they had outgrown. New political and religious\\nquestions had come to the front in their day, and they had, or at least\\nthe leaders among them had, come to be liberals in both politics and\\nreligion. They were loyal as long as the king and his government\\ndid not trample upon their rights to live for the comfort and happi-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "RELIGION AND CHURCHES. 1 73\\nness that they regarded as the reward of honest toil they were\\nloyal to the church so long as it did not ask them to violate their\\nconscience to support its dead doctrines and practice perfunctory\\nmorals out of keeping with the wants of their lives. It may be\\ndoubted if Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam and David Page\\nknew much of what constituted orthodoxy of belief, or if knowing\\nthey cared anything for it. They were yet men who had a pro-\\nfound respect for religion and morality, and none did more, or more\\nwillingly, than they did to build a church and support it These were\\nthoughtful men, who did not take their opinions from other minds,\\nready-made precepts that must be obeyed in an unquestioning ser-\\nvility of disposition. They were not scholars, but men of practical\\ncommon sense, who knew what constituted right between man and\\nman, and trusted what we of to-day have come to call the larger\\nhope, that honest men stand the best chances in the courts of\\nheaven.\\nWhile we can see the moulding influence of Massachusetts in the\\npolitical and civil development of the town, we see no vestige of her\\nreligious exclusiveness manifested by the pioneers of Lancaster.\\nCongregationalism had secured the support of the province, and\\nin every town of any importance in the province the church of\\nthe Orthodox Congregational body had the town s support by taxa-\\ntion. The civil authorities laid a tax for its support, and the peo-\\nple in their civil corporate capacity as a town had the right con-\\njointly with the church to call a minister. The church and town\\nstood so nearly on a level of authority that the church had but one\\npoint of advantage over the town the right to call on the town for\\nthe support of its minister. Neither one, however, could act in the\\nmatter without the concurrence of the other. The laws sustained this\\nrelation between the religious and civil bodies with as much appar-\\nent sincerity as they provided for the regulation of other matters\\nconsidered wholly secular. In fact, the terms seculai and sacred\\ndid not stand in antithesis to their thought, as they have come of\\nlate years to ours. With them things were either sacred or profane.\\nSecularism is a term that came into use after the separation of\\nchurch and state took place.\\nIn the matter of these old laws the interior and northern towns\\nhad no part. The older towns on the sea-board had secured their\\nenactment; but at the time of which we are speaking even they had\\ncome to regard their religious statutes as a sort of Trojan Horse\\nthey had mistakenly drawn into their camp to repent of in sackcloth\\nand ashes at a later date, for New Hampshire was slow and long in\\nremoving certain barriers it had erected against religious toleration.\\nThe last of these were removed in 1819.\\nThe law to which we refer is this, passed in the provincial assem-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "174 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbly in 1 714. It was enacted for the purpose of securing the support\\nof the ministry and the pubHc schools. Section i, relating to the\\nsupport of the ministers, was as follows\\nIt shall be lawful for the Freeholders of every respective Town within this\\nProvince convened in public Town Meeting, as often as they shall have occasion,\\nto make choice of, and by themselves or any other person by them appointed, to\\nagree with a minister or ministers for the supply of said Town and what annual\\nsalary shall be allowed him or them and the said minister or ministers so made\\nchoice of shall be accounted the settled minister or ministers of such town and\\nthe selectmen for the time being shall make rates and assessments upon the in-\\nhabitants of the Town for payment of the minister s salary, in such manner and\\nform as they do for defraying the other town charges. Provided always\\nthat this act do not interfered with her Magesty s Grace (Queen Anne) and favor\\nin allowing her Subjects Liberty of conscience nor shall any person under pre-\\ntext of being of a different persuasion, be excused from paying towards the sup-\\nport of the settled minister or ministers of such town but only such shall be\\nexcused as conscientiously and constantly attend the Public Worship of God on\\nthe Lord s Day according to their own Persuasion.\\nThis law was liberal for the times. It contains no intention of\\nbeing used for the support of a bigoted institution, or for persecu-\\ntion. It aimed at the encouragement of religious life under some\\nform. There was freedom for those who held views different from\\nthose of the orthodox church, but it must be used in the building\\nup of an actual church.\\nThis law had become, at the close of the eighteenth century, a\\nmere check against irreligiousness and immorality. It had ceased\\nto be applied aggressively, though it remained in force until after\\nthe province had become one of the states of the Federal Union.\\nIt was repealed in 1791.\\nWhen Lancaster was settled, the older towns had discovered that\\nthey had made a mistake in securing such rigorous laws in relation\\nto matters of religion and the church. These hardy, practical men\\nwere not going to act unwisely in the matter. They had reserved\\nan equal share of town lands for the first settled minister, and set apart\\na lot for a meeting-house The way was open for the settlement of\\na minister from the first had they chosen to take advantage of the\\nprovisions of the laws regulating the matter; but as the people\\nwere the town, the tax for the support of the church would have\\nfallen on the people had they as a town voted to settle a minister\\nearlier than they felt able to contribute to that purpose. It was just\\nas lawful to vote a sum of money to settle a minister as one for build-\\ning roads. A majority voting for such appropriations to the church\\nsecured its collection and use for that specified purpose. No pro-\\ntest that did not change the minds of the majority was of any avail in\\nsuch matters. It mattered not whether a respectable minority were\\nof another religious belief than that of the Orthodox Congregational", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "RELIGION AND CHURCHES. I 75\\nchurch, they had to pay the tax so long as it was decreed by a ma-\\njority vote.\\nWhile the laws practically established and protected this one par-\\nticular church, they made no provisions for the punishment of what\\nthe church might consider heresy. Such disregard of its orthodoxy\\nit had to deal with without state interference. The laws as they\\nstood at that time, secured both the church and the individual citi-\\nzen from any injury without respect to motives protecting or assail-\\ning an opinion. The law took cognizance only of acts affecting the\\nwelfare of either. For this reason New Hampshire has not to an-\\nswer in the court of public opinion any charges of persecution for\\nconscience s sake. The first settlers of Lancaster seem to have aimed\\nto avoid any conflicts over the matter of religion and church.\\nThe body of Congregational clergymen of that day were educated\\nmen. Most of them were college bred. Many of them were grad-\\nuates of Harvard college. They, and the people, too, recognized\\nthe fact that they belonged to a learned class to whom everybody\\nmight look for enlightenment and trustworthy moral guidance in the\\nsocial relations.\\nLancaster was most fortunate in her pioneers. They came here\\nfree from all narrow and bigoted policies. They were tolerant and\\ncharitable men and women and when they formed a church under\\nthe name of the regular order, it was wisely framed to keep out\\nbigotry and intolerance, and had it not been for coming of less lib-\\neral men, at a later time, in such numbers as to outnumber the\\noriginal representatives of that church, it would have probably re-\\nmained the one church of the town for many years longer than it\\ndid.\\nThe people of this Upper Coos country had learned to cherish\\npolitical liberty, and that and religious bigotry could not get on\\ntogether.\\nThe amended law of 1 791, while it still continued the public sup-\\nport to the churches of the established order, left a way for those\\nwho did not wish to support it to get released from the obligation\\nby giving notice that they were of some other sect; and in 18 19 the\\nToleration Act put all churches on an even footing, except that con-\\ntracts existing between any church and the town could not be broken\\nwithout the consent of the interested party the church.\\nAs nearly as can now be learned there was no preaching in Lan-\\ncaster until the summer of 1787. At the annual town-meeting of\\n1786, it was voted to assess thirty-two dollars to hire preaching\\nthe ensuing summer. Maj. Jonas Wilder, Emmons Stockwell, and\\nEdwards Bucknam were chosen a committee to engage the services\\nof a minister. It does not appear that the committee succeeded in\\nfinding a minister that year; and at the annual meeting, March 27,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "176 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n1788, it was voted to raise the nine pounds and twelve shillings\\nappropriated for preaching last year and hire Preaching this year.\\nThat year Rev. Lathrop Tomson preached six Sundays for five\\nbushels of wheat per day. In 1788, fifty bushels of wheat were\\nvoted raised for preaching, with Col. Jonas Wilder, Edwards Buck-\\nnam, Esq., and Dr. Francis Wilson a committee to engage a minis-\\nter s services. The committee were instructed to hire preaching\\nabout eight Sundays. That ministerial service was regarded as well\\npaid, is seen from the fact that when the minister got five bushels of\\nwheat a day for preaching, the highway surveyor only got one\\nbushel a day for his services with a yoke of oxen.\\nThe early religious services were generally held in the large house\\nof Maj. Jonas Wilder (the Holton place). The terms of engage-\\nment of a minister were short those times, and at irregular intervals.\\nThere was no public action taken on the matter the following year;\\nbut in 1790 sixty bushels of wheat were appropriated for preaching,\\nand to defray town debts. At a special meeting, April 13, 1790, it\\nwas voted,\\nThat the town will well and truly pay to the Rev. Benjamin Bell, three hun-\\ndred bushels of good wheat, annually, on the following conditions: That he, the\\nsaid Rev. Benjamin Bell, shall settle in this town of Lancaster, in the work of the\\nGospel ministry, and that he preach a certain portion of the time in the towns of\\nNorthumberland and Guildhall, as the towns may agree, saving to the right of\\nthe said Rev. Benjamin Bell three weeks annually for the use of visiting his friends\\nand relations, if he see occasion, and that the Town will unite with the first Church\\nthat may be hereafter formed in the Town of Lancaster on the conditions in this\\nvote mentioned.\\nTo this vote Joseph Brackett, William P. Hodgdon, and Walter\\nPhilbrook entered their dissent. We do not know why this vote\\nwas not carried out, unless the dissent of three prominent men was\\nevidence that the gentleman was not capable of satisfying the relig-\\nious thought of the community.\\nAt a special meeting, April 12, 1791, Col. Jonas Wilder,\\nElisha Wilder, and Stephen Wilson were chosen a committee\\nto hire preaching. The committee was instructed, October 11, to\\napply to Mr. Thursting (Thurston?) whom is preaching with us,\\nto preach with us another term as soon as may be after his engage-\\nments are out other where to preach with us on probation as we\\nhave a view of settling the Gospel with us. At this same meeting\\nit was voted to proceed to build a meeting-house, and a committee\\nof seven men was chosen to look into the matter, and report a place\\nfor it. The meeting was adjourned to November 8, 1791, when the\\ncommittee made a report recommending the plain on the south side\\nof Isreals river as the most suitable place for such a building. The\\ncommittee consisted of Col. Edwards Bucknam, Col. Jonas Wilder,\\nCapt. John Weeks, Lieut. Emmons Stockwell, Lieut. Joseph", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "RELIGION AND CHURCHES. 1 77\\nBrackett, Lieut. Dennis Stanley, and Capt. David Page. The com-\\nmittee was continued, and instructed to lay out six acres as a meet-\\ning-house lot on the plain as recommended, and inspect its clearing.\\nThe meeting was adjourned to December 13, 1791, at which time it\\nwas voted that John Rosebrook, Jonathan Cram, and Doct. Zadoc\\nSampson be admitted as voting in all matters respecting building a\\nmeeting-house. The meeting then adjourned to December 22,\\n1 79 1, when it was voted to accept the plan of the meeting-house\\nwith this alteration, the length of the posts to be 26 ft., and the jet\\n26 inches. Lieut. Emmons Stockwell, Capt. John Weeks, Mr.\\nJonas Wilder, Lieut. Jeremiah Wilcox, and Jonas Baker were chosen\\na committee to build the meeting-house. They were instructed by\\nthe following vote that passed unanimously\\nThat the pews be sold at pubHc vendue. That each person give his note to\\nthe committee, who shall be authorized to receive the pay and appropriate the\\nsame. That each person be subjected to the following method of payment. That\\nthe whole sum be divided into four parts, to be paid the four next succeeding\\nyears. That each person pay six shillings and eight pence on the pound the first\\nyear, one half in June, the other in November, the rest to be divided into three\\nequal parts and paid in November of each year. That four shillings on the\\nthe pound be paid in cash, or salts of lye, and the rest in wheat at four shillings\\nper bushel, or beef at seventeen shillings and six pence per hundred weight, with\\nthis restriction, that the committee shall receive each man s equal proportion of\\ntimber, boards, clapboards, shingles, etc., if good and merchantable, and deliv-\\nered when the committee shall call for them. That each person who buys a pew,\\nshall procure sufficient bonds for payment, and his obligation to be lodged in the\\nhands of the chairman of the committee, which shall be taken up or endorsed by\\na receipt from the committee. Town Records.\\nThe committee proceeded with their task but it was no ordinary\\nundertaking for a small community to build so large a structure. It\\nrequired over three years to complete the building. We have no\\nrecords of the conversion of the salts of lye, beef, and wheat into\\nmoney but we know that those articles were a common substitute\\nfor money. The people wisely gave themselves three years in\\nwhich to pay their indebtedness to the committee. The building,\\nwhich we have described elsewhere, was sufificiently completed to\\nhold a town-meeting in it March ii, 1794.\\nWhile the building of the meeting-house progressed the town\\ncontinued to vote appropriations of money and wheat to pay for\\npreaching. In 1792 fifty bushels of wheat were voted for preaching\\nand the next year nine pounds were voted to pay for preaching and\\ntown debts. In 1793 the sum of nine pounds was voted to fell\\ntrees on the minister s lot. There was a purpose to get ready for\\na minister; and as he would have to help himself to some extent it\\nwas a matter of prudence to begin a clearing on his lands so as to\\nhave them ready for a crop to piece out his living.\\nAt a meeting held April 28, 1794, it was voted to raise Nine", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "178 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nPounds solly for preaching the present season. On July 28 of\\nthat year a special meeting was held, at which it was voted to settle\\nthe Rev. Joseph Willard, and a committee of nine men was ap-\\npointed to draw up proposals for the settlement and salary of Mr.\\nWillard. The committee consisted of Col. Edwards Bucknam,\\nCol. Wilder, Capt. Stockwell, Capt. Weeks, Lieut. Brackett, Lieut.\\nRosebrook, Elisha Wilder, Capt. David Page, Jonas Baker. It\\nwas further\\nVoted to clear the fell trees on the minister s right and fit for the harrow by\\nthe 1st. of Oct. in the year 1795, and give 20 pounds in lumber towards building\\non demand, and including rights given by charter to the first settled minister, to\\nbe given to Mr. Willard if he settles with us in the ministry.\\nVoted: To give Rev. Joseph Willard fifty pounds a year for the next three\\nsucceeding years after settlement then to rise in proportion to the valuation as it\\nnow stands to the sum of eighty pounds to be paid annually during his ministry\\none third in cash, the other two thirds in produce on condition that we can get\\nsuch help from the neighboring towns as is now expected.\\nA committee was appointed to confer with the other towns in re-\\ngard to having Mr. Willard preach for them a portion of the time at\\nproportional rates on the salary the town had agreed to pay him.\\nThat committee consisted of Colonels Bucknam and Wilder, and\\nCaptain Stockwell. They were unable to effect satisfactory arrange-\\nments with the other towns, and at an adjourned meeting, August\\n7, 1794, the town voted to complete its proposed contract with Rev.\\nMr. Willard and not make any arrangements with other towns. It\\nwas further agreed to pay the proportion of his salary in produce at\\nthe cash price, and the selectmen were authorized to agree with\\nMr. Willard as to the price on the first day of March each year.\\nA committee, consisting of Colonel Wilder, Lieutenants Cram\\nand Rosebrook, was appointed to arrange for a theological coun-\\ncil to attend to the installation if it thinks it needed. Further it was\\nvoted to concur with the church in giving Mr. Willard a call.\\nRev. Joseph Willard had been preaching here meanwhile and\\nwhile these negotiations were pending, he had organized the First\\nCongregational Church. A statement of belief and covenant had\\nbeen drawn up and signed by some twenty-four persons, fourteen of\\nwhom were women, on July 17, 1794. The church, being intended\\nto accommodate the religious wants of the town, its covenant was\\nsufificiently indefinite to cover a variety of shades of Christian belief\\nand practice. Mr. Willard being a graduate of Harvard college\\nshared the spirit of liberality that had begun to characterize that seat\\nof learning. From the fact that he never preached upon the con-\\ntroverted points of theology then attracting increasing attention\\nthroughout New England, justifies the conclusion that he was much\\nmore liberal than the majority of Congregational ministers of his day.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "RELIGION AND CHURCHES. I 79\\nHe was practical and charitable in all his relations to the church.\\nFor many years his salary was paid by the selectmen, who took his\\nreceipt for the same. The people cheerfully voted considerable sums\\nto assist in clearing his lands and building his house. His lands were\\nmeadow and house lots 32, and lot 6, range 15, and lot i, range 25,\\nadjoining his other lots. This comprised a valuable lot of land of\\none hundred and seventy acres in a compact body. He developed\\na good farm, and secured from it a good share of his living.\\nFor a period of twenty-eight years good old Parson Willard, as\\nhe was familiarly called by those who knew him best, served his\\nchurch to their entire satisfaction, and was loved and honored by\\nhis old neighbors and parishioners but there came a time when a\\nyounger generation of people and others coming into town from\\nother localities where theological controversy had been rife, became\\nsuspicious that their minister was not sound in the faith. They\\nmissed the allusion to the hard theological dogmas that were com-\\nmon in other places. It began to be whispered about the town that\\nMr. Willard was not sound in the faith.\\nThe town had now begun to be affected by the sectarian strife\\nand rivalry that was rife throughout New England. The Rev. Mr.\\nWillard had no desire to be connected with it. He deplored the\\nwhole thing, and aimed to pursue a pacific, independent course\\nbut that did not satisfy the disaffected ones. They clamored for\\nwhat they called strong doctrines. Mr. Willard proposed to the\\nchurch that his relation as a pastor be dissolved but those who\\nhad known him so long as a true minister of religion would not\\nhear to it. Things went along for a few more years, when it became\\napparent to Mr. Willard that the opposition to him was too formid-\\nable to be met by pacific tactics, and he resigned. After laying\\nthe situation before his church, they this time saw fit to accept his\\nresignation, the story of which is given by Rev. G. H. Tilton in his\\nsketch of the Orthodox Congregational church, in Part II, Chapter 10.\\nWhen Lancaster received an inflation of her population, about\\n1800, there came to her many shades of belief that did not readily\\nyield to the prevailing religious thought and practices of the town.\\nAmong these new-comers were people whose training had been\\nin other evangelical sects. In 1800, John Langdon and Rosebrook\\nCrawford, two Methodist ministers, appeared in Lancaster, introduc-\\ning new methods of religious propagandism. The refined, quiet,\\ndignified and rational methods of Rev. Mr. Willard were opposed\\nby their very opposites. These men were loud enthusiasts, making\\nuse of sensational means to uproot and supplant the moderate\\nstanding order, as manifested in the First Congregational church\\nof Lancaster. While the friends of the First Church, as it was com-\\nmonly called, were shocked at this new order of teachers, they were", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "l80 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\na minority of the population, and the sympathies of the new-comers\\nwere largely with the new preachers. The community was deeply\\nagitated over the matter of competition, and even came to open\\nconflict with the new order of religious teachers. The hot-headed\\nand less reasonable element of the conservative followers of Mr.\\nWillard took Rosebrook Crawford to the river and ducked him and\\noffered him some other insults, chiefly by connecting his name with\\ncertain scandals, which, to an impartial mind, seem to have had\\nsome color of truth in them. Langdon escaped violence as his\\nrecord seemed clean and aside from that he was a man of consid-\\nerable ability and character, and did much to plant his church in\\nthese northern towns. They held their services about town in pri-\\nvate residences and schoolhouses, and made many converts. The\\nhome of Dennis Stanley, where Capt. Alexander M. Beattie now\\nlives, was one of their favorite preaching places for many years.\\nExhorters and preachers of that sect were common here for a\\nnumber of years, and having made some converts to their creed, the\\nchurch after a time adopted a wiser policy. They sent a more in-\\ntelligent, and in fact an educated, class of ministers here, with the\\nresult of establishing a strong church that has kept the lead among\\nthe evangelical sects of the town ever since its establishment. When\\nthe old First church became so weak from desertions from its ranks\\nand splits within it that it could not support services in the old\\nmeeting-house, the Methodist preachers made use of that building\\nas their meeting-place for a time.\\nIt was not long after the coming of the Methodists to Lancaster\\nthat the Baptists made a like invasion of Jefferson, and at once\\nbegan to overrun the adjoining towns in manner as the former\\ndid in this town. A Baptist church was early formed in Jefferson,\\nand other places were occupied by them as preaching points.\\nBetween the Methodists and Baptists no special rivalry existed, but\\nboth trained their weapons of aggressive conflict against the Con-\\ngregationalist church. They made many proselytes from that old\\nchurch. For some years desertions from Rev. Joseph Willard s\\nchurch were common and some who wished to get rid of the\\nchurch tax took advantage of the opportunity to nominally connect\\ntheir religious contributions to some other church. Such persons\\ncould evade the support of Mr. Willard by giving notice to the town\\nclerk that they belonged to another church. In 1802, this notice\\nwas served on the town clerk\\nGentlemen, Selectmen of Lancaster.\\nThis may certify that the within named persons have given their names\\nto the Baptist society in Jefferson and belong to the same, to wit Saml. LeGro,\\nSaml. Springer, Jr., Caleb Page.\\nSaml. Plaisted, Presiding Elder in behalf of this society.\\nJefferson February 17, 1802.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "RELIGION AND CHURCHES. 151\\nAnother notice to the same effect had been given by a preacher\\nof the Methodist society.\\nThis may certify to all whom it may concern that Benjamin Bishop\\nattends our ministry and supports the same, Being a member of our Society.\\nSigned by Nathan Felch Jr., a licensed Preacher of the\\nMethodist Episcopal Church in America.\\nLancaster Jan. i, 1802.\\nThere are many such notices spread upon the pages of the town\\nrecords. Some of the foremost men and women of the town went\\nover to the new sects, leaving the old church to fall into decrepitude,\\nand its once loved old edifice into decay. Emmons Stockwell, in\\n1803, gave notice that he had cast his lot with the Baptists; and in\\nthe same year John Mclntire did likewise. Joel Page went over to\\nthe Methodists, asserting in his notice that he was most consci-\\nentious in it.\\nIn 181 7 Eliezer S. Phelps gives notice that one Frederick M.\\nStone has signified a willingness to support the gospel, and has\\nattended my meeting and wishes to be free from supporting and\\npaying Joseph Willard. Mr. Phelps signs himself as agent of the\\nMethodist society. This led some others, among whom I find the\\nnames of Sylvanus Chessman and Levi Stebbins, to give notice that\\nthey would no longer pay minister s tax as they had not considered\\nthemselves as members of the First church. It does not appear\\nthat this class claimed any connection with other churches. They\\nsimply wanted to quit paying the tax to support any church, other\\nthan as they might see fit to do. This refusal seems to have been\\nheeded by the selectmen and assessors, as there is no evidence that\\nthey were taxed after the notice was given. Events like this show\\nus how feeble the law and public sentiment were on the question of\\nforcing one to pay for the support of a church after he no longer\\nwished to do so.\\nA period had been entered upon in which the old First church\\nlost its prestige and influence as the church of the town. It was\\nnow being rivalled by two distinct movements that, as yet, had not\\nshown any haste to organize churches. It was the aim of the\\nMethodist and Baptist leaders to convert the people away from the\\nold church. The time was not then come for them to organize.\\nThe Methodists preached here until 1831 before they formally\\norganized a church, and until 1834 before building a meeting-\\nhouse.\\nIn the winter of 18 16 and 181 7, a woman from Whitefield, called\\nMother Hutchins, the grandmother of the well known Stilson\\nHutchins of Washington, D. C, held religious services in differ-\\nent places in Lancaster, more frequently at the Gotham school-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "1 82 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nhouse, in what used to be old District No. 5. She frequently\\npreached at the house of John Weeks Brackett which stood near\\nthe red schoolhouse in old District No. 8.\\nMr. Brackett became deeply interested in the movement, and\\nwhile it was a source of comfort and spiritual strength to him yet it\\nproved disastrous to him financially, for these religious enthusiasts,\\nfor such they were, coming from miles around, lodged themselves\\nand teams upon him until they actually ate him out of house and\\nhome. Before that time he had been a fairly prosperous farmer\\nbut from the neglect of his business and the mistaken charity of\\nfeeding the multitudes that thronged his house he lost everything he\\nhad, and was forced to leave the country to seek opportunity to\\nmake a new start in life. Those people were so thoughtlessly,\\nselfishly happy over the thought that they were getting their souls\\nsaved, that it never occurred to them that they were crowding their\\nneighbor Brackett into bankruptcy and an early and untimely grave\\nbut such proved to be the case.\\nMother Hutchins was a woman of very remarkable ability, and\\nfull of tact and zeal in making converts, and her influence was not\\nwithout value, as is often the case with zealots. Her influence was\\nmoral, and ministered unto the intellectual life of the people who\\ncame under it. She was a tall, strong woman, not particularly\\nmasculine in appearance and manner, at that time over fifty years of\\nage, kindly and motherly in spirit.\\nHer meetings were largely attended by people from adjoining\\ntowns and when the enthusiasm reached its height in the winter\\nof 18 1 8-18 19, it was a common thing to see many women and girls\\nlose their strength and fall upon the fioor, and behave, at times, in\\na most shocking manner.\\nThe staid adherents of the old First church were shocked in the most\\nextreme measure to behold this wild enthusiasm. They must have\\nthought the people possessed by demons, or gone mad. Their\\nreligious emotions had been worked upon so much that it produced\\na form of hysteria of the nervous system, that caused them to com-\\npletely lose their energies under a return of the same emotional\\nexcitement, as we have come to understand the disease in later times.\\nThen it was regarded by those coming under its influence as, if not\\nmiraculous, at least bordering upon the miraculous. Some whole\\nfamilies would be overcome in their homes during their religious\\ndevotions; and at public meetings it was the proper thing to do\\nto get under the influence.\\nIn keeping with this wild enthusiasm was the mistake of encour-\\naging many ignorant laymen in taking part in conducting their\\nmeetings. Noise and the relation of their personal experiences,\\nreal and imaginary, was taken as evidence of religiousness, which", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "RELIGION AND CHURCHES. 1 83\\nled the misguided and designing to play a part that did not always\\nredound to the credit of their movement. This condition of affairs\\nlasted until some time after 1830, when the Methodist church put\\nupon the Lancaster circuit men of more education and refinement\\nof character, who led their large following to a more quiet and sin-\\ncere manner of manifesting their religious fervor. This had a reac-\\ntionary influence upon the entire community and as time went on\\nreligion assumed a more dignified manner. The last of that class\\nof noisy preachers was one Dyke, familiarly called Brother Dyke,\\nwho built the first parsonage of the Methodist church in Lancaster,\\nwhich is still standing on Middle street, and occupied by James\\nA. Stebbins. He was a remarkable character in some respects,\\na man of considerable talent, but whose forte was in loud exhorta-\\ntion.\\nA Calvinistic Baptist church flourished in town as early as 1809;\\nbut its records have been lost for many years, and nothing is known\\nof it beyond the fact that it once had quite a following. It seems\\nthat when Mother Hutchins came here she turned many of its\\nadherents into Freewill Baptists, and its continuity was broken\\nuntil about i860, when it was revived or replanted in Lancaster.\\nThe movement never was a strong one, and was suffered to die out\\nafter a brief struggle for existence.\\nAs we approach the middle of this century we come upon many\\ninteresting questions that engaged the attention of the churches.\\nThe people were not so provincial or insular in their religious\\nthought as they were at the beginning of the century, when the dis-\\nciples of Whitefield and the Baptists invaded this region. The\\nnewspaper press had been established in Lancaster since 1837,\\nwhich may be always taken as a sure sign that a local public opin-\\nion is breaking down and that the people are beginning to feel out\\nin their thought to what is thought, said, and done in the world at\\nlarge. At such times people of an isolated community begin to\\ntake on a larger phase of culture, and at the same time become\\ncritical in their opinions. It was so, at all events, in Lancaster.\\nNational and world-wide questions were coming to have a strong\\ninfluence upon all the institutions of the community. Politics and\\nbusiness had already felt the influence of national movements, and\\nhad undergone important changes. Lancaster was then within\\nforty-eight hours of Boston, the metropolis of New England, and the\\nhot-bed of all manner of new movements in thought. Men of a\\nnational reputation as scholars and orators had been in the habit of\\ncoming into these mountains during their vacations, and as lecturers\\non the popular platform of that day. The old men had been dis-\\ncussing these larger themes about the streets, and in the hotels and\\nstores, where the long winter evenings were wont to be spent, and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "1 84 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe younger men and boys had Hstened to their observations at first,\\nno doubt, with open-eyed wonder, but after a time in a more ques-\\ntioning mood.\\nThen came the debating chib, called in Lancaster the lyceum,\\nparticipated in by the leading thinkers of the village. The lawyers,\\neditors, physicians, teachers, and merchants discussed the live ques-\\ntions of the day. We do not find the names of the clergymen on\\nits roll of membership, nor among the disputants. Perhaps they\\nwere not interested in the subjects discussed, as they were not what\\nwere supposed to belong to their sacred calling. The themes\\nconsidered were mostly ethical and political ones. This institution,\\none that did so much to train men to a ready thought upon all man-\\nner of questions, was a strong rival of the church, which up to the\\ntime of which we are speaking was the one institution that molded\\npublic opinion with a masterly hand. Here was an entering wedge\\nthat was destined to split in twain what had for a century or more\\nbeen the double function of the churches in this country, the influ-\\nence of the minister, powerful over public opinion only in the ratio\\nof difficulties that prevented his opinions being replied to by his\\nhearers.\\nNow that the newspaper and lyceum had appealed to the thought\\nof men, and had left an opportunity for reply, in fact, they had\\nboth invited it, the people became accustomed to do their own\\nthinking, and uttered their thoughts with a commendable degree of\\nfreedom, a freedom not seen in Lancaster for two generations under\\nthe influence of the established order of things. Formalities and\\nconformities had weighed heavily upon the mind and spirit of the\\npeople, but now these burdensome accretions of the community life\\nhad fallen away, and they had even come to hold them in con-\\ntempt. Their thought and spirit had come to conform more closely\\nto its actual environment than to the traditional ones, in which they\\nhad stood in a false awe of. For twenty years men had been read-\\ning and thinking upon the great problems that engaged the thought\\nof the ablest minds throughout the civilized world.\\nThese movements had their influence upon the religious thought\\nand life of Lancaster, for they could no longer be separated from\\nthem by any classification. To call them secular, or mere\\nmorality, did not destroy their influence upon the minds of the\\npeople. The time had come when men demanded that religion\\ntake cognizance of secular and moral questions. Religion, if it were\\nto command men, must face every point of the social horizon. To\\nworship God, and assure one s self that he was saved for another\\nworld, was not enough to satisfy the thought of the deep thinkers,\\nof which class Lancaster had many at that time.\\nTraditional religious doctrines and practices were called in ques-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "RELIGION AND CHURCHES. 1 85\\ntion. New doctrines and practices came to be entertained, and\\nabout this time a liberal, rational, non-creedal church came into\\nexistence in Lancaster, the First Congregational society (Uni-\\ntarian). This new society numbered among its members the men\\nwho had taken strong grounds against the Mexican War and slavery.\\nThe minister of the new church, Rev. George M. Rice, was a pro-\\nnounced anti-slavery agitator. He went farther, however, than his\\nsociety cared to follow in the matter but the time had arrived when\\nchurches must deal with those so-called secular and moral ques-\\ntions. The churches lent their influence strongly to the temperance\\nagitation that culminated in the prohibitory law that has existed in\\nthe state for over forty years. When the War of the Rebellion\\nbroke out, the pulpits were not silent on the great questions in-\\nvolved in that struggle for the preservation of the Union. Nor have\\nthey been often lacking in the courage to deal with questions out-\\nside of their creeds in the past quarter of a century.\\nSoon after the migration of Irish to this country, following the\\nperiod of famine in Ireland, there were settled in Lancaster some of\\nthat race of people who have been for so many centuries devotees\\nof the Roman Catholic church. Some time after 1850, their num-\\nbers had increased in Lancaster to an extent that enabled them to\\nhope for religious teachings of their own church, and in time a\\nchurch. Services were held here at irregular intervals until 1858,\\nwhen the old Deacon Farrar place on Main street, where the par-\\nsonage and church now stand, was bought by the late Father\\nNoiseux and remodeled into a residence for the priest, and a chapel\\nin which services were held for some years. A church was insti-\\ntuted, and as time has gone by the numbers have increased so that\\nto-day it is the largest religious society in Lancaster, numbering\\nmore communicants than all the other societies combined. The\\npresent building, All Saints was erected in 1877.\\nAbout the same time the Calvinistic Baptist society, already re-\\nferred to, was organized. The Protestant Episcopal society was\\norganized about the same time.\\nSince that time the history of religion in Lancaster has been very\\nsimilar to that of any other community in New England. One sees\\nhere the same excess of denominationalism over and above genuine\\nreligious conviction of thought and charity that prevails throughout\\nthe country at large. Every sect numbers among its adherents\\nintelligent, earnest, sincere men and women who are the salt of the\\nearth, and who exert that true conservative spirit that while it does\\nnot run to excess in the erratic notions and practices of the times yet\\ndoes not go backward to the dead men s ideas in the outgrown past\\nfor their example. They are capable of making and of following\\ntheir own examples when circumstances of greater enlightenment", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "1 86 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ndemand it of them. They are the true conservators of rehgion and\\nits institutions who use them as the instrumentahties of spiritual\\ngrowth, rather than bow down to them as fetiches.\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nLANCASTER IN RELATION TO THE VERMONT CONTROVERSY.\\nWe cannot well pass by a matter so grave as that of the so-called\\nVermont Controversy without pausing to give it our serious consid-\\neration. This triangular controversy between New York, New\\nHampshire, and Vermont drew forth from General George Washing-\\nton the statement that the future of American independence might\\nhave been sacrificed by a wrong termination of it. A question of\\nsuch serious magnitude, and one in which Lancaster bore some part,\\ndeserves careful and thorough study at our hands.\\nThis controversy, that came so near working the serious mischief\\nthat Washington saw as one of its possibilities, sprang from the pol-\\nicy of Governor Benning Wentworth indiscriminately granting lands\\nby charters for new towns in a territory that was in dispute\\nbetween his state and New York. As we have said, elsewhere.\\nGovernor Wentworth thought to get the start of the governor of\\nNew York by granting charters to the lands in dispute, and so\\ngranted no less than sixty charters in a single year 176 1 for\\ntowns in the disputed territory on the west side of the river. His\\ngrants also extended up the east side of the Connecticut river a con-\\nsiderable distance, making a solid body of townships in the fertile\\nvalley.\\nIn 1 764 the dispute had grown so bitter between the two states\\nthat New York took an appeal to the king, who declared the west-\\nern bank of the Connecticut river, from the northern line of Massa-\\nchusetts to the forty-fifty degree of latitude, the boundary between\\nNew Hampshire and New York. For a period of more than twelve\\nyears the towns on either side of the river put different constructions\\non the rulings of the king. New Hampshire towns, or those on the\\neast side of the river, claimed that the king s ruling applied only to\\nthe future and did not undo the grants by Governor Wentworth,\\nwhile the towns on the west side of the river claimed that the king\\nmeant to undo Governor Wentworth s grants, and that they were in\\nNew York, and must look to that state to make their titles valid by\\nrechartering the townships. As we shall see presently Lancaster\\ntook the same view of the matter that the other New Hampshire\\ntowns did, but later, when another complication of the question\\narose, she failed to act with the seceding towns on the western side.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "IN RELATION TO THE VERMONT CONTROVERSY. 1 87\\nThe matter dragged its weary length along with little friction from\\n1764 to the time of the breaking out of the Revolutionary War,\\nwhen it took a new turn, one wholly unexpected to everybody.\\nBoth in New Hampshire and New York those disaffected towns\\ninvolved in the controversy of the past twelve years interpreted the\\nDeclaration of Independence as absolving them from all allegiance\\nto either of the two states, and that they were left in what they chose\\nto call a state of nature. Immediately a movement was set on\\nfoot to form a new state out of the towns on the upper Connecticut\\nvalley that were granted since 1761. The movement was welcomed\\nby some sixteen towns in New Hampshire which accordingly re-\\nfused to send delegates to the state convention that was called to\\nmeet at Exeter in 1779 to frame a state constitution.\\nDuring the second year of the Revolutionary struggle, and while\\nmatters were far from certain as to how the issues of the war would\\nresult, the towns west of the river had called a convention which met\\nat Windsor, and framed a constitution and declared themselves a\\nnew and sovereign state. The sixteen recusant towns in New Hamp-\\nshire now petitioned the acting government in 1779, for permission\\nto ally themselves to the new state of Vermont. This, of course, was\\nrefused them by the New Hampshire government, and from that\\ntime forward, for a period of three years, the strife grew hotter. Both\\nNew Hampshire and New York had disregarded the boundary es-\\ntablished by the king in 1764; and it seemed at one time as if the\\ndisputed territory might be divided pretty evenly between the two\\nstates, thus preventing the newly formed state of Vermont from\\nbecoming a state after all. This caused Vermont to redouble its dil-\\nigence in the matter of securing recognition as a sovereign state.\\nThe state of New Hampshire had renewed its claim to the towns\\nwest of the river in the call for the convention in 1779. The Ver-\\nmonters now pressed their claims westward into New York as well\\nas eastward into New Hampshire. It was at this juncture of the con-\\ntroversy that Lancaster was drawn into it. The town shared the\\nbelief that the towns west of the river should go with those east of it\\nas granted by Governor Wentworth, some seventy-five in all, and if\\nthe towns west of the river were to go to the formation of a new\\nstate Lancaster was willing to share their destiny with them. Besides,\\nthe government of New Hampshire had done little, almost nothing,\\nto aid the towns in this Upper Coos country.\\nThere were living, at the time, in the Connecticut River valley\\nmany people who had come from the state of Connecticut; and if\\nthe territory west of the river was to be divided they would much\\nrather have seen a new state formed of the dissatisfied towns on both\\nsides of the river under the name of New Connecticut. This feeling\\nhad some advocates in Lancaster, and when a convention to consider", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "1 88 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthat question was called to meet at Dresden, then a part of Hanover\\nbelonging to Dartmouth college, Lancaster at once called a town-\\nmeeting to convene July 12, 1779, at the house of Jonas Wilder,\\nwho had only come to Lancaster the year before from Massachusetts,\\nto elect a delegate to the Dresden convention. Major Jonas Wilder\\nwas chosen as the representative of the town to that convention. The\\nmeeting also declared itself on the question at dispute by the follow-\\ning vote Voted by all the legal voters of this town of Lancaster\\nthat it is their minds unanimously that the whole of the New Hamp-\\nshire Grants on both sides of the Connecticut River hold all to-\\ngether. What action that convention took, or whether it was con-\\nfounded with the one held at Cornish, in which thirty-four towns on\\nthe east side of the river were represented, we do not know as no\\nrecords of either are known to have been made. It may be inferred,\\nhowever, that nothing of importance was done as the movement to\\nform the state of New Connecticut, with Dresden, the seat of Dart-\\nmouth college, as its capital, disappeared from the drama of state-\\nmaking.\\nVermont, however, seems to have gone on with her government,\\nand welcomed some towns on the east side of the river into her legis-\\nlature. Haverhill and Lebanon were represented in the Vermont\\nlegislature, as was also Apthorp, while Lancaster which was classed\\nwith the latter town still continued to be represented in the New\\nHampshire legislature. A rupture between Vermont and the towns\\non the east side of the river took place when the latter requested\\nto be erected into a separate county. The most that the Vermont\\nlegislature would do was to set them off as a probate district.\\nAbout this stage of the affair the legislature of New Hampshire\\nbrought the matter to the attention of congress, while Vermont made\\nthreats of allying herself with the British. While congress took\\nnotice of the matter there was some doubt as to the powers\\nof the new congress but in the letter of General Washington,\\nreferred to above, to Governor Chittenden of Vermont, he frankly in-\\nformed him that congress could, and under certain condition would\\nuse its power to coerce the state of Vermont into the recognition of\\nNew Hampshire s claims to the territory east of the river. That\\npersuaded Vermont into a peaceable settlement of the dispute, and\\nthe towns on the east side of the river returned to full allegiance with\\nthe mother state, under whose fostering care some of them had been\\nhighly favored. This kept about 13,000 of New Hampshire s 85,000\\nof population in the state.\\nThrough all this period of doubt and disturbance Lancaster never\\nseceded from her state. She favored the formation of a new state\\nwithin the valley of the great river that formed their first and, for a\\ntime, only highway to the lower country. It is not known whether", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "SOME EARLY MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 1 89\\nanybody in Lancaster ever favored the dismemberment of New-\\nHampshire for the promotion of Vermont or any other state west of\\nthe river. The fact that Lancaster took no action to get into the\\nstate of Vermont may be taken as an evidence that her intentions\\nwere patriotic and loyal; but if a new state was to be formed by\\nincluding all the towns granted by Governor Wentworth in the Con-\\nnecticut valley they no doubt favored the project. What steps they\\nwould have taken to sever their ties with New Hampshire can only\\nbe idle speculation, as not a record exists to show their attitude on\\nthe question of such severance. Lancaster never took any farther\\naction on the question after the Dresden convention. When Ver-\\nmont demanded of congress that she be admitted into the Union in\\n1780, while her controversy with New Hampshire over the boundary\\nquestion was pending, she went so far as to say that if admission was\\ndenied her then she would have to make the best possible arrange-\\nments with the British government, when she went, so that Lancaster\\ncould not have followed her. Lancaster had taken up arms against\\nGreat Britain, and had nothing to gain by laying them down. The\\ntown had its own Independent Company of Rangers, led by Major//\\nBenjamin Whitcomb, in the field, beside nearly all its available men\\noutside of this company were either enlisted in other companies or\\nelse doing duty as scouts or as garrison for the three forts in\\nNorthumberland and Stratford. Lancaster was unalterably opposed\\nto the British government, for at the time they had manifested a\\ndisposition to make use of the Indians against the frontier towns, in\\nfact, this section had suffered no little alarm from Indian depreda-\\ntions incited by the war. The people were loyal to the cause of\\nAmerican independence, and would not take any risk of losing what\\nit had then begun to promise, by allying themselves with a state\\nthat threatened to carry them into the hands of their enemies.\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nSOME EARLY MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1785-1850.\\nBy Echuai-ds Bucknam, y. P.\\nNathan Caswell to Lois Eames, Nov. i, 1785.\\nWilliam Johnson to Polly Stockwell, Nov. 13, 1786.\\nGeorge Brown to Polly Bucknam, Sept. 3, 1789.\\nNathaniel Lovewell to Charlotte Stockwell, Dec. 27, 1792.\\nJohn Mclntire to Sally Stockwell, March 19, 1792.\\nRichard Claire Everett to Persis Wilder, Dec. 17, 1793.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "190 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJohn Sanborn to Sally Crawford, of Guildhall, Vt., Nov. 12, 1795.\\nEzekiel Bruce to Hatabel Crosby, both of Southbury, Mass., April\\n30, 1787.\\nJacob Emerson, of Lunenburg, Vt., to Polly Hartwell, April 19,\\n1797.\\nDaniel How, of Guildhall, Vt., to Eunice Bucknam, Sept. 7, 1788.\\nDr. Francis Wilson to Tempa Giddings, of Hartland, Conn., Dec,\\n1788.\\nLevi Lucas to Sally Smith, Nov. 27, 1800.\\nMarriages by Other yustices of the Peace and Clergymen\\nTitus O. Brown to Susanna Bundy, Feb. 16, 1794.\\nThomas Miner, of Littleton, N. H., to Abigail Page, March 11,\\n1795-\\nJonathan Springer to Eunice Wilder, Oct. 5, 1795.\\nNathaniel Babb, of Guildhall, Vt., to Olive McLitire, March 2, 1796.\\nJonathan Rosebrook to Polly Monroe, of Guildhall, Vt., July 17,\\n1796.\\nSylvanus Chessman to Betsey Blodget, Nov. 17, 1796.\\nWilliam Lovejoy to Polly Moor, of Northumberland, Dec. 29, 1796.\\nJohn Brackett to Eunice Clark, of Lunenburg, Vt., April 26, 1797.\\nFrancis Cram to Polly Gustin, Feb. 13, 1797.\\nLevi Willard to Dorcas Farnham, June i, 1797.\\nJames Perkins to Lucy Wilder, Nov. 2, 1797.\\nJoseph Twombley to Dorcas Applebee, Dec. 28, 1797.\\nHope Brown to Irena Rosebrook, Dec. 31, 1797.\\nManasah Wilder to Nancy Springer, March 29, 1798.\\nJoshua Hopkinson, of Guildhall, Vt., to widow Polly Rosebrook,,\\nSept. I, 1799.\\nArtemas Wilder, Jr., to Catherine Sherbon, of Conway, Oct. 26,\\n1799.\\nUriel Rosebrook to Susan Fowle, of Guildhall, Vt., July 15, 1800.\\nJohn Waldron, of Lunenburg, Vt., to Submit Taylor, Dec. 29, 1800.\\nAzariah Webb to Eliza Weeks, Jan. i, 1801.\\nRichard Eastman to Persis Faulkner, May 5, 1801.\\nDr. Jedediah Chapman to Eunice Wilder, Oct. 28, 1801.\\nJohn Springer to Lydia Hartshorn, of Lunenburg, Vt., Feb. 8, 1801.\\nGeo. Ingerson to Betsey Libbey Hawley, Feb. 26, 1801.\\nAaron Hill, of Canada, to Hannah Hopkins, Sept. 27, 1801.\\nElias Chapman to Polly White, March 18, 1802.\\nJack Page to Betsey Burgen, July 13, 1802.\\nSylvester Faulkner to Polly Cram, Dec. 19, 1802,\\nEzra Otis to Dolly Farnham, Dec. 30, 1802.\\nPeter Fuller, of Dalton, to Betsey Hodgson, Feb. 23, 1803.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "SOME EARLY MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 1 91\\nDavid White to Nabby Chapman, Feb. 29, 1803.\\nHenry Philbrook to Betsey Stiles, Aug. ii, 1803.\\nSamuel Glover to Rachael Taylor, Aug. 19, 1804.\\nThomas Jenison, of Walpole, to Martha Moore, Jan. 31, 1805.\\nJoseph Peabody, of Northumberland, to widow Hannah Farnham,\\nMarch 1 1, 1805.\\nJames Twombley to Rebekah Twombley, March 14, 1 805,\\nJonas Benman to Abigail Layton, Nov. 3, 1805.\\nJohn W. Weeks to Martha Brackett, Nov. 17, 1805.\\nJoseph Farnham to Mary Robertson, Dec. 25, 1806.\\nJonathan Cram to Katy C. Chapman, Aug. 9, 1807.\\nSeth Fames, of Northumberland, to Peggy Moore, March 6, 1808.\\nFrancis Wilson to Betsey Moore, Oct. 27, 1808.\\nAdino N. Brackett to Mary W. Weeks, Nov. i, 1808.\\nEphraim Stockwell to Sally Greenleaf, Nov. 20, 1809.\\nJames B. Weeks to Betsey Stanley, Jan. i, 18 10.\\nWalter Philbrook to Nancy Brown, Jan. 4, 18 10.\\nReuben Stephenson to Mary Baker, Feb. 25, 18 10.\\nSamuel White to Sally Freeman, April 2, t8io.\\nJoseph Balch to Eliza LeGro, Jan. 31, 181 1.\\nTimothy Durgin, of Colebrook, to Maria Page, Jan. 19, 181 1.\\nSamuel Hartwell to Martha Thomas, March 31, 181 1.\\nJoseph Pearson, Jr. to Sophia Baker, Feb. 17, 181 1.\\nReuben W. Freeman to Betsey Hartwell, March 25, 18 12.\\nJohn Mclntire to Susanna Bucknam, Nov. 4, 18 12.\\nWilham Mitchell to Rebecca Martin, April 15, 1812.\\nMoses Darby to Ruth Gotham, April 14, 18 12.\\nWarren Porter to Celinda Cram, Oct. 14, 18 13.\\nJohn Kilby to Tamson Wentworth, Nov. ii, 1813.\\nMoses Martin to Dorcas Holmes, Feb. 8, 18 14.\\nAbner Stone to Deborah Moulton, of Jefferson, June 19, 18 14.\\nEben Lane to Sophia Chessman, May 15, 18 14.\\nBenjamin Hunking to Drusilla S. Everett, May 16, 1814.\\nE. Andrew to Nancy Greenleaf, Nov. 23, 18 14.\\nWm. Huggins to Comfort Moore, Jan. 30, 18 14.\\nJohn Huckins to Lucy Hemmenway, Dec. i, 18 14.\\nEdward Spaulding to Sally Moore, Dec. i, 18 14.\\nJohn Moore to Harmony Freeman, Jan. 30, 1815.\\nNoah White, of Piermont, to Fanny Moore, Feb. 14, 181 5.\\nMoses T. Hunt to Martha Willard, April 30, 181 5.\\nBenj. Wentworth to Lucinda Hayes, Aug. 23, 181 5.\\nEdward Boardman to Sarah Brackett Weeks, Jan. 25, 18 16.\\nSamuel A. Pearson, Esq., to Sarah Ann Boardman, June 5, 18 16.\\nJames Batchelder to Betsey Holmes, Nov. 14, 18 16.\\nJohn Dow to Polly Swan, June 6, 18 16.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "192 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAmos LeGro to Roxanna Daggett, June 9, 18 16.\\nAlpheas Hutchins to Eunice Greenleaf, Feb. 26, 18 17.\\nHezekiah Smith to Sarah LeGro, June 26, 181 7.\\nSamuel LeGro to Fanny Marden, Oct. 16, 18 17.\\nJohn Currier, of Corinth, Vt., to Mary Moore, Oct. 20, 18 17.\\nEphraim Cross, of Derby, Vt., to Lucy Messer, Dec. 30, 1817.\\nBenj. C. Stephens to Sally Faulkner, April 2, 1818.\\nLieut. Charles Baker to Margaret Notton, Nov. 29, 181 8.\\nBenj. Hayes to Eliza Twombley, Aug. 9, 18 18.\\nBenj. Stephenson to Mary Wilson, Oct. 24, 18 19.\\nHeber Blanchard to Fanny Leavens, Oct. 25, 18 19.\\nWm. Curtis, of Medford, to Emily Johnson, Sept. 19. 18 19.\\nJames Marden to Hannah LeGro, March 21, 1820.\\nJames Balch, of Lunenburg, to Nancy Moore, Nov. 30, 1820.\\nBenj. D. Alexander, of Dalton, to Sally Brooks, Sept. 12, 1820.\\nDavid Weed, of Whitefield, to Betsey April 27, 1820.\\nWilliam D. Spaulding to Debby F. Stephenson, Feb. 11, 1821.\\nDaniel Stebbins to Louisa Moore, March 11, 1821.\\nMaj. John W. Weeks to Persis F. Everett, March 15, 1821.\\nShackford Wentworth to Hannah Smith, March 18, 1821.\\nJohn W. Spaulding to Electa Stebbins, March 29, 1821.\\nGreenleaf Philbrook to Lavinia Gotham, June 4, 1821.\\nAbel Leavens to Sophronia Willard, Nov. 29, 1821.\\nWm. Bullard to Elmira Perkins, August 7, 1821.\\nRobert C. Shackford to Nancy Cutter June 20, 1821.\\nDudley Merrill to Eunice LeGro, Feb. 3, 1822.\\nAsa Hood to Mary Putnam, July i, 1822.\\nCharles J. Stewart, Esq., to Eliza Austin, of Jefferson, July 4, 1822.\\nGeorge Darby to Eliza Farnham, April 17, 1822.\\nBenj. Stanley to Harriet Page, June 30, 1822.\\nJacob Batchelder, of Lyman, to Martha Holmes, June 2, 1823.\\nOliver Merrill to Sarah Mclntire, Oct. 30, 1823.\\nWm. Moore to Eliza W. Spaulding, Jan. 29, 1823.\\nJohn Willard to Sophronia Stebbins, April 10, 1823.\\nFrancis Leavens to Abigail LeGro, June 12, 1823.\\nSamuel Banfield to Dorcas Twombley, April 29, 1823.\\nWilliam Farrar to Triphenia Burgin, Aug. 19, 1823.\\nWillard to Frances B. Wilson, March 18, 1824.\\nGeo. Gamsby, of Thetford, to Olivia Hodgson, Dec. 23, 1824.\\nJohn Hunt to Martha P. Moore, J-an. 2, 1826.\\nWilliam D. Spaulding to Sarah Ann Goss, 1826.\\nGeo. Draper, of Brattleboro, to Lucy R. Barnard, Feb. 6, 1826.\\nCharles Bellows to Elvira Wilson, June 29, 1826.\\nHenry White to Ann Moore, Dec. 26, 1826.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "DEATHS OF PROMINENT PERSONS. 1 93\\nDEATHS OF PROMINENT PERSONS FROM THE EARLIEST\\nTIMES TO 1850.\\nWe do not offer the following list of deaths as complete, the\\nimperfect sources of information preventing. The names and dates\\nhere given are taken from various sources, and are reliable, though\\nnot as full as we should like to have had them.\\nMay II, 1800, Jonathan Hartwell.\\nJuly 31, 1 80 1, Betsey, wife of Deacon Jonas Baker, aged 45.\\nAug. 23, 1 801, Joseph Farnham, Esq., aged 62.\\nMarch 15, 1802, Elizabeth, wife of Maj. Jonas Wilder, aged ^y\\nMarch iq, 1804, Eunice, wife of Jonathan Springer.\\nJuly 19, 1804, Widow Deborah Turner, aged 88.\\nJuly 15, 1806, Elijah Page, aged 21.\\nAug. 19, 1809, Joseph Daggett, aged 38.\\nFeb. 5, 1808, Martha, wife of John W. Weeks.\\nJuly 25, 1808, the wife of David Greenleaf.\\nApril 28, 1809, Nathaniel White, aged 57.\\nFeb. 4, 1 8 10, Col. Jonas Wilder, aged 79.\\n181 1 Francis Wilson, aged 49; Lieut. Jonathan Cram, Aug. 28,\\nof small pox, aged Mary, wife of Stephen Wilson, aged\\n45 Asa W. Burnap, aged 45.\\n1813 John Wilson, aged 80; Lieut. Humphrey Cram, aged 41;\\nNicholas White, aged 54; Col. Stephen Wilson, aged 45;\\nLieut. Dennis Stanley, aged 26; Jonathan Cram, aged 28;\\nSoloman Hemmenway, aged 64; Caleb W. Wilson, aged 55\\nDea. Joseph Brackett, aged 73 John Haven, aged 78 John\\nMoore, aged 62 Polly, wife of Col. Stephen Wilson, aged 45\\nLieut. Dennis Stanley, aged 64; Gen. Edwards Bucknam, aged\\n72 Orasmus Page, son of Moses, aged 14, died in the army.\\n1 8 14 Mary, Avife of the late Jos. Brackett, aged 70.\\n181 5 Hon. R. C. Everett, aged 51 William Bothwell, aged 66.\\n18 1 7 Mrs. Ann Hazen, aged 83; Rachel, widow of Capt. David\\nPage, aged 69.\\n18 18 Capt. John Weeks, aged 69; Daniel Howe, aged 54.\\n1819 Ephraim Mahurin, aged 78; Emmons Stockwell, aged 79;\\n1820 Mrs. Ruth Adams, wife of Andrew Adams, aged 83.\\n1821 Elisha Wilder, aged 87; Mrs. Mehitabel Wilder, aged\\n1822 Artemas Wilder, aged 48 Mrs. Elizabeth Hunnux, aged 6^.\\n1825 Silas Chessman, aged 84.\\n1826 John Aspinwall, aged 26; Rev. Joseph Willard, aged 66.\\n1827 Ruth Stockwell, aged 81 Jonas Baker, aged 74; John Bur-\\ngin, aged j6.\\n1829 Thomas Peverly, aged 32 Joel Page, aged 58.\\n14", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "194 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n1830 David Page, Jr., aged 85 David Greenlcaf, aged 80; Will-\\niam Lovejoy, aged 58.\\n1832 Andrew Adams, aged 97 Benjamin Boardman, aged 66.\\n1835 Bryant Stephenson, aged y6.\\n1836 John Mason, aged 59; Mrs. Bryant Stephenson, aged\\n1837 Charles J. Stewart, aged 46.\\n1840 S. A. Pearson, aged 56; Benjamin Stanley, aged 42.\\n1841 Coffin Moore, aged 71.\\n1842 Jonathan Twombley, aged 81.\\n1843 Ashael Going, aged 72; John Wilder, aged 80; Maj. Joel\\nHemmenway, aged 62 Frederick Messer, aged 70 Thomas\\nHodgdon, aged 86; Joanna Hays, aged 81.\\n1845 Edward Spaulding, aged 79; Thomas Carlisle, aged 64.\\n1846 Josiah Bellows, 2d, aged 72; George W. Perkins, aged 68;\\nStephen Wilson, aged 81.\\n1847 Benjamin Adams, aged 66; Adino N. Brackett, aged 70;\\nManasah Wilder, aged 78.\\n1849 Asa Wesson, aged 54; Stephen Hartford, aged 64; Widow\\nLovejoy, aged 72.\\n1850 Dea. William Farrar, aged 69; John Mclntire, aged 85;\\nJoseph C. Cady, aged 46; Samuel Wentworth, aged 93.\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\nSOME EARLY PRIVATE ACCOUNTS WITH THE TOWN.\\nIt will, no doubt, interest the reader to know something definite\\nin regard to the early transactions of individuals with the town.\\nFortunately, among the private papers of Gen. Edwards Bucknam\\nand Governor Page we have some of their accounts with the\\ntown from 1772 to 1792. These are not only curious, but they\\nthrow side lights upon the story of the development of the new\\ncommunity, and it is for this latter reason that we give them here.\\nA new settlement must have one or more active men of a practical\\nturn of mind to direct things. It happened that David Page and\\nEdwards Bucknam possessed the requisite qualities for leadership.\\nThey both were born leaders and pioneers, and Bucknam was pos-\\nsessed of an almost universal genius and able to do about anything\\nthat needed doing in such a new community, hence we find him\\nconnected with so many of the early transactions of the town.\\nPage was the nominal head of the colony, which won him the hon-\\norary title of Governor.\\nIn the following accounts, kept by General Bucknam, we discover\\nwhat valuable services he rendered the little community from its", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "SOME EARLY PRIVATE ACCOUNTS WITH THE TOWN.\\n195\\nearliest days down to a time when, as we have seen elsewhere, the\\npopulation was much increased and capable men were compara-\\ntively plenty to what they were during the first thirty years of the\\nsettlement. General Bucknam had served the town, both under its\\nproprietary and civil managements, as clerk for twenty years. He\\nwas on many of its most important committees, and often commis-\\nsioned to perform valuable services for the people, and for that rea-\\nson his accounts are of value and interest to the student of history.\\nFrom these accounts it will be discovered that it was in the capacity\\nof town clerk, collector, and agent of the town that he performed\\nmost of these transactions. Not infrequently, however, he per-\\nformed some humble service in making roads, surveying the lines\\nof the town lands, and making long journeys to perform some ser-\\nvice for the proprietors of the town.\\nThe Proprietors of the Township of Lancaster to Edwards Bucknam, Dr.\\n1772, June, To 14 days worlc at 4 sh. _;^2: 16:00.\\nNov. To 17 da\\\\s work on roads at 4 sh. 3:8 :oo.\\n1773, May, To 9 days work at 4 sh. per day i 6:00\\nJune, To 8 days work at 4 sh. 1:12 :oo\\n1774, May, To 10^ days work at 4 sh.\\nPaid Ezra Currier for work done sd road 1 772-1 773,\\nPaid Moses Page for work on the road in 1 772-1 773,\\nPaid Emmons Stockwell for work on sd road 1 772-1 773,\\nPaid David Page Esq. for work done in 1772, 1773, 1774,\\nPaid David Cross for work done on the road in 1 772-1 773,\\nPaid William Marshall for work done on Marshall Bridge, and I\\nhave his receipts therefor\\n2 6 :oo.\\n2 :i3 :oo\\n3 :io :oo.\\n4 :I2 :oo.\\n5 8 :oo.\\n6:15: 6.\\nI :oo :oo.\\n;^49: 12:00.\\nTo work done on the roads from the 23rd. of May 1775, to May, 1787.\\nc- ^1 Paid David Page Esq. for work on sd roads\\nto Sept. 25th. M\\nPaid Capt. David Page for work on roads\\nPaid Lt. Emmons Stockwell for work on roads\\nand have his receipts\\nPaid Col. Jonas Wilder for work on roads\\nBrought forward\\nCarried forward\\n1778, Paid David Page Esq. Eighty-four Pounds\\nwhich was four dollars on each right\\nvoted to him for building mill\\nTo David Page Esq. said thirty Pounds voted to him to\\nre-build the mills after being burnt\\nTo Jacob Treadwell Paid fifteen Pounds voted by the\\nProprietors as their proportion to cutt open the\\nRoad to the Eastward of the White Hills\\nBrought forward\\n^16:13:00\\n21 :07 :oo\\n7 I 3\\n5:13:00\\n13 6 2\\n7: 8: 5\\n71: 9: 5\\n49:12:00\\n.\u00c2\u00a3121: I 5\\n^86: 8: o.\\ni;30: o: o.\\n^15: o- o.\\n131 8: o.\\n121 I 5.\\n\u00c2\u00a3252 9- 5-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "196\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n1774, To collecting one assesment of seven dollars on each right\\nfor 72 Rights\\nTo one assesment of ^30 voted to David Page Esq.\\nTo one assesment of ^15 to cutt Marshall road at 4 sh. 3d. per\\nright, collected\\nTo one assesment of two dollars on each right for roads\\nTo one assesment of two dollars on each right for roads\\nTo one assesment of two dollars a Right for lotting\\nTo one assesment of three dollars a Right for lotting out said town\\nBrought forward\\n^5\\n8\\n0.\\n5\\n8\\n0.\\n5\\n8\\n0.\\n5\\n8\\n00.\\n5\\n8:\\n0.\\n5\\n8\\n0.\\n1 5\\n8\\n0.\\n\u00c2\u00a337\\n16\\n0.\\n252\\n9:\\n5-\\n\u00c2\u00a3^9\u00c2\u00b0-\\n5:\\n5-\\nCarried forward\\n1767. The Proprietors of the Township of Lancaster to Edwards Bucknam\\nDr.\\nMarch loth. To attending their meeting at the house of David\\nPage, Esq. as their clerk at 6 sh. .^0:6:0\\nTo I day myself attending their meeting of Mar. 12 by adjournment,\\nas clerk 0:6:0\\nOct. 23rd, 1772, To niNself going from Hampton to Portsmouth to\\nadvertise a Proprietors meeting, 35 miles, three days myself\\nhorse expenses 1:4:0\\nTo paying of the Printer for printing ye Warrants 0:18: o\\n1773 y^ To myself one day attending the Proprietois meeting as\\nJune 8 clerk 0:6:0\\n1773\\nAugust 26\\nTo myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\n\u00c2\u00a3r- 6\\nTo one day attending their meeting\\nMay. To i Day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nJune. To i Day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nAug. loth. To I Day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nA To I day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\n1780\\nApl. 4th.\\n1783\\nOct. 14th.\\n1785\\nFeb. 25th.\\nAug. 1 8th. To I day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nS To I day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nJune 20th. To h day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nNov. 20. To h day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\n^v To h. day m3 self attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nDec. 25th. To h day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nTo i day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nJan 1st. 01 o\\nTo I day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nTo I day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\nTo I day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk\\no 6 o.\\no 6 o.\\no 6 o.\\no 6 o.\\no 6 o.\\no 6 o.\\no 6 o.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "SOME EARLY PRIVATE ACCOUNTS WITH THE TOWN.\\n197\\nJune. To i day myself attending Propr. meeting as clerk ^o 3: o.\\n1780. To myself horse three days going from Hampstead to\\nFeb. Exeter to Col. Thornton to git him to call a Propr.\\nmeeting for the Proprs. of Lancaster my expenses to paying\\nCol. Thornton 0:6:6.\\nPI To one Bound Book to Recording the Proprs. Proceedings o:io: o.\\nBrot Forward in Silver\\n\u00c2\u00a3300: 7: S.\\nJuly 2d. 1790. Settled the above acct and Due to the Pro-\\nprietors of Lancaster from Edwards Bucknam Esq. as Collector\\nEighteen Pounds, Sixteen Shillings and four jjence-half-penny.\\nJonas Wilder Committee of the\\nEmmons Stockwell Proprietors of\\nJohn Weeks _) Lancaster.\\nOn the above settlement the following receipt, in the handwriting of Capt.\\nJohn Weeks, was given Bucknam\\nLancaster July 2nd. 1790,\\nReceived of Edwards Bucknam Esqr. Three hundred and Ninety pounds,\\ntwelve shillings in full of all Demand against him and against the late David Page\\nEsqr deceased as Collectors of Taxes for the Township of Lancaster Excepting\\nEighteen pounds. Sixteen shillings and four pence-half-penny which sum the said\\nBucknam is now Indebted to the Proprietors of said Lancaster as Collector for\\nsaid Proprietors.\\nJonas Wilder Committee of the\\nEmmons Stockwell Proprietors of\\nJohn Weeks j Lancaster.\\n1790 The Proprietors of the Township of Lancaster to Ed-\\nJuly gth. wards Bucknam, Dr.\\nTo 5 days myself serveying in running the Town plot Planing the\\nsame into 74 lots assertaining the quantity of undivided Land\\nin said Town at 12 sh. per day\\nTo 3 men i day with me at 5 sh. 6 d. per day\\nTo myself 3 days surveying at 12 sh.\\nTo myself 6 days at surveying at 12 sh.\\nTo 3 men 6 days with me surveying at 5 sh. 6d.\\nPaid to Moses Page for work in linding hands with th\\ndays at 5 sh. 6d.\\nDue Bill by the committee\\nDo Do Capt. Weeks\\nPaid Jonas Baker acct.\\nDo Dennis Stanley finding hands with surveyor\\nPaid Emmons Stockwell account with surveyor\\nPaid Col. Jonas Wilder acct. with surveyor\\nT^ To paying I2sh. for Coppy of ye Charter\\nWe do not find any account of the settlement of this last account\\namong the private papers of General Bucknam, and as the Proprie-\\n\u00c2\u00a33\\n0.\\n16\\n6.\\nI\\n16\\n0.\\n3\\n12\\n0.\\n4\\n19\\n0.\\ne surveyor 5\\nI\\n7\\n6.\\nI\\n7\\n6.\\n12\\n0.\\n14\\n17\\n0.\\nI\\n4\\n9-\\n9\\n0.\\n33\\n2\\n9-\\n12\\n0.\\n\u00c2\u00a362:\\n5:\\n6.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "198\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntors Records have been lost we have no source of information but it\\nwas probably settled as other accounts of Bucknam s were.\\nGeneral Bucknam was one of the administrators of the will of David\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Page, and the later s private accounts fell into the hands of Buck-\\nnam, and they have been preserved along with his papers. Among\\nthem we find this account with the town\\nDavid Page s account with the Proprietors for the work done.\\nLancaster June 26th. i\\nTo one days and half work\\nNov. 1772 to Four days work\\nDecember Eight days\\nApril 1773 Two days\\nto work Fourteen days and half\\nTo work three days and half\\nTo work Four days\\nTo two days\\nTo Clearin the River\\nNovember 1773 to five days and half\\nFebruary 1773 three days work\\nApril 1773 Five days work\\nto three days and half\\nto work Four days\\nto two days at Samuells\\nto four days man\\nMay 30 to John one day\\nJune 2 day three and half same\\nMay 1774 to work at the highways 12 days\\n774-\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\n\u00c2\u00a30\\n4\\n6-\\n12\\no-\\nI\\n4\\no*\\n8\\no-\\n2\\n18\\no-\\n12\\no-\\n16\\no-\\n8\\no-\\n4\\no-\\n16\\n6-\\n9\\no-\\nI\\no-\\n14\\no-\\n14\\no-\\n8\\n0.\\n3\\n0.\\n12\\n0.\\n1\\n8\\n0.\\n^15: 8: 6.\\nTHE OLD-FASHIONED HOLIDAYS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS,\\nMUSTERS, AND RAISINGS.\\nIn the early days of Lancaster Christmas was not observed ex-\\ncept in the breach of the rule for its observance. The Puritans had\\ncondemned it as savoring too much of Popery, or at least as under\\nthe patronage of the church of England, both of which were odious\\nto them. The people here were influenced by the conservative no-\\ntions of their ancestors in these matters, and this holiday, now so\\nuniversally observed was neglected until about 1875. In this respect\\nthere is nothing for us to chronicle in Lancaster that was not com-\\nmon in almost all New England villages. There were a few men,\\nhowever, who did make some account of Christmas, chief among\\nwhom was Captain John Weeks. He never failed to call around\\nhim his family and friends to partake of roast goose on Christmas\\nday.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "THE OLD-FASHIONED HOLIDAYS. 199\\nFast day had not lost its original sigi^ificance and taken a new mean-\\ning as it later did. It was observed with a good conscience. From\\nthe rise of the sun to its going down not a morsel of food did any\\none dare to take. This strictness was not peculiar to devout and\\nreligious people, but all shared in it alike. It was the one day of\\nthe whole year when the conduct of saint and sinner did not differ.\\nThere came a time, about the beginning of the present century,\\nwhen the strictness of Fast day observance began to relinquish its\\nhold upon a portion of the community. With a settled state of\\npeace and prosperity, when no foreign foe seemed to be lurking\\nabout our borders, and prosperity had come to the country, there\\nseemed less reason for fasting, and more reason for feasting. Thanks-\\ngiving day grew more important from year to year until it had sup-\\nplanted Fast day in interest for the masses. Fast day began to be\\nused for an occasion of amusement. The older people took it more\\nas a day of rest, a brief respite from the heavy and prolonged labors\\ncommon in the life of the early times, while the young men and\\nboys, with a surplus of energy to put into motion made it an occa-\\nsion for horseback riding. It came at a season when the roads were\\nin that condition, the older people were accustomed to call, be-\\ntween sleighing and wheeling. In fact wheeled vehicles were scarce\\nat the time, and as the sleigh was no source of comfort in the mixture\\nof snow and mud that usually characterizes the roads on that day,\\nthey naturally took to horseback riding. This practice was continued\\nso long that it gained that force of custom which makes a thing\\nrespectable in the eyes of those who participate in it. If the men\\nand women of a century ago could see a troop of small boys dash-\\ning up Main street at a break-neck speed, and on reaching the end\\nof the street wheel round and dash off in the opposite direction,\\nrepeating the process for hours, on the Fast day of to-day, they\\nwould think it a most oudandish desecration of the day. But the\\nday has lost its original meaning, as nobody now believes that he\\nshould mortify the flesh to win the favor of God. We have come\\nto think that God is pledged to the help of all his creatures in the\\nright. We know now that we must think, and put ourselves in right\\nattitudes to enjoy the favor of the All Father. We do not regret\\nthat civic Fast days are no longer kept as our ancestors kept them,\\nbut that they have become seasons of amusement.\\nOur modern Memorial day, May 30th, has become the patriot s\\nday of remembrance of national and individual obligations.\\nMemorial day was first observed in Lancaster in 1869. As the\\nday for its observance fell on Sunday the clergy and churches were\\nnot at all in sympathy with it, nor did either take part in the observ-\\nances. The old soldiers were determined, however, to do honor to\\nthe memory of the comrades who had fallen in battle at their sides,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "200 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nor by disease in camp or on the march. As they appeared upon the\\nstreets with banner and music the sight appealed at once to pubhc\\nspirit and sympathy and the people followed them to the graves\\nof loved and honored dead. Since then the clergy and churches\\nhave been in most hearty accord with the veterans in this most\\nbecoming memorial of our deceased soldiers.\\nLancaster was one of the first towns in the northefti part of the\\nstate and adjoining parts of the north country to make public ap-\\npropriations for the fit observance of Memorial day, and has always\\nbeen very liberal in its support of Memorial day observances.\\nThanksgiving day was the great day that every boy was glad to\\nsee come, as it meant feasting and the reunion of families and youth\\nand maiden hailed it as the day that flooded their lives with sun-\\nlight, joy, and love. Not infrequently the day was preceded by\\ndancing, as the evening before Thanksgiving and New Year were set\\napart to that amusement into which the young people of every com-\\nmunity entered with zest.\\nThis holiday has changed less, perhaps, than any other on the\\ncalendar. To-day the people spend it as their ancestors did a hun-\\ndred years ago, in feasting and family reunions. Thanksgiving does\\nnot exceed Christmas to-day as a holiday. Everybody keeps Christ-\\nmas, though business is not entirely suspended as on Thanksgiving\\nday.\\nThe holidays of the early settlers that gave everybody the chance\\nto give way to the spirit of mirth and merry-making were the muster\\nda)^s. The general muster and the May and fall trainings were\\nthe most important holidays. These were the days of all days that\\nbrought the people together for a real hearty time. It gave the boys\\na chance to see the men muster, and the outh of eighteen years\\nwas included among the men, as the militia requirements included\\nall males between the ages of eighteen and forty-five. These the\\ncaptain of the company notified to appear at such time and place as\\nseemed most suitable. The law required every man to appear at\\nthe training grounds armed and equipped with a musket and bayonet\\nin good condition, knapsack, canteen, cartridge box, capable of hold-\\ning twenty-four rounds of ammunition, priming wire and brush, and\\ntwo spare flints.\\nIt was a custom to approach the officers quarters before sunrise,\\nand by firing of guns, beating of drums, and other vociferous dem-\\nonstrations, wake them up, and call for a speech, which was\\nalways supposed to be closed promptly for the first ration of\\ngrog. In this the militia were never disappointed, for rum was\\nconsidered as much a necessity at a training as powder was in a\\nbattle. Without those potations, a muster or training would have\\nbeen a tame, perfunctory, and spiritless performance of duty.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "THE OLU-FASHIONED HOLIDAYS. 201\\nThe rudiments of military exercise were quite well understood by\\nthe men and boys, but the exercises were not of the polished and\\nprecise order that the many old soldiers about town had seen in\\nactual service in the War of the Revolution and the War of 1812.\\nIt is remembered that some of those old veterans could but illy con-\\nceal their contempt for the whole performance, and we need not\\nwonder that a training in a country village, removed by hundreds of\\nmiles from the scenes of war, should seem a sort of boy s play to men\\nwho had seen service under some of the best military disciplinarians\\nof our two wars with Great Britain. That we give a better impression\\nof the early drills, I will insert here a military announcement that\\nwent the rounds in 1799, and a manual of arms used at that\\ntime\\nHanover, New Hampshire,\\n27th. June, 1799.\\nBrigadier Genl. Bucknam,\\nSir:\\nMajor General Brewster is informed, by a communication from His Excel-\\nlency Governor Gilman, of his intention to review the 2nd Division of Militia, in\\nthe Month of September next. If agreable it is the Major General s wish that\\nyou would attend a meeting of the Field Officers of some of the Regiments in\\nyour Brigade (to whom notice will be given by the Major General) at the dwell-\\ning house of Major Joseph Bliss in Haverhill on Monday the fifteenth day of July\\nnext, at two o clock afternoon, to concert the most proper measures to advance\\nthe respectability of the Grafton militia on the occasion. A general review of as\\nmany regiments as it may be practicable to convene together is contemplated. It\\nis a favorite object with the Major General that the Sixth Brigade, which he has\\nlately had the honor of commanding, as their Brigadier, should at the Review\\nmake a display of as great taste and knowledge in military art as any other corps\\nin the State of New Hampshire.\\nBy order of Major General Brewster,\\nWm. Woodward, Aid de Camp.\\nP. S. Be so kind as to inform the field officers of the twenty-fourth regi-\\nment of the meeting and request their attendance. \\\\V. W.\\nThe following manual of arms, in the handwriting of General\\nBucknam, though it bears no date or other mark by which we can\\nbe certain of the fact, was, no doubt, prepared for this or similar\\noccasions, when it was desired that his brigade should make a good\\nappearance in the muster or review. It ran as follows\\n1 1 Draw Rammer.\\n12. Ram down cartrage.\\n13. Return Rammer.\\n14. Shoulder firelock.\\n15. Order firelock.\\n16. Ground firelock.\\n17. Take up firelock.\\n18. Shoulder firelock.\\n19. Secure firelock.\\n20. Shoulder firelock.\\nI\\nAttention.\\n2\\nRaise firelock.\\n3-\\nCock firelock.\\n4-\\nTake aim.\\n5-\\nFire.\\n6.\\nHalf cock firelock.\\n7-\\nHandle cartrage.\\n8.\\nPrime.\\n9-\\nShut pan.\\n10.\\nCliarge with cartrage.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "202 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n21. Fix Bayonet. 25. Charge Bayonet.\\n22. Shoulder firelock. 26. Shoulder firelock.\\n23. Present arms. 27. Advance arms.\\n24. Shoulder firelock. 28. Shoulder firelock.\\nHaving gone through these evolutions in the manual of arms,\\nthe instructions of the manual continues\\nThe Colonel then commands by Platoons to the right Wheel march, the\\nwhole wheel by platoons to the right and march by the General, the Colonel at\\nthe head of the Batahon with the Major behind him followed by the Drums of the\\nRight Wing the Adjutant on the left of the fifth platoon.\\nThe officers and colors salute when within eight paces of the General and the\\nColonel having saluted advances to him.\\nInspection of batalion\\nAfter having been reviewed, the officers fall into the ranks, the colonel then\\norders By Companies to the Right Wheel, march a quater round then halt,\\nwhen Captain orders non-comiccioned officers to the front march the officers\\ntake post 4 paces non-commissioned 2 paces in front of their Companies\\nthe whole when the General is within 30 paces order Present Arms. When ye\\nGeneral arives on the left then the Colonel orders Shoulder Firelocks.\\nThe Inspector begins on ye right with ye field staff officers inspects the\\ncompanies and when inspection is over the Colonel forms the batalion and causes\\nany exercises or manoevre the Inspector shall think proper.\\nThe old soldiers, the remnants of noted armies, were the leaven\\nthat leavened the whole mass, for the citizen-militia took great pains\\nto imitate their military carriage and manners. Poor as the militia\\ntraining must have been, one can yet, at this late day, tell who had\\nthe good fortune to share in its advantages, for it had great advan-\\ntages. There is a remnant of the old-timers left who profited by\\nthe training of those musters, and they show it in their bearing and\\nmanners, that are above those of the younger generation in point of\\nelegance. It would be well if the young men of to-day could have\\nsome such training. It would relieve them of much awkwardness\\nthat is characteristic of the movements of the younger men of our\\nday. In the graded and well-managed schools of the cities and\\nlarger villages this is partly made up by a system of drills that,\\nwhile they are not in accordance with military discipline, are yet\\nbeneficial in correcting the faults of bearing and manner, and teach\\na boy how to use his legs in an orderly fashion. It is to be regret-\\nted that our system of public education does not make a greater\\neffort at training the youth to bear themselves in better form than\\nthey drift into if left to their own unguided habits.\\nIn the autumn came the half day of drills, but the great day was\\nthat of the general muster. The only regiment of the section was\\nthe old Twenty-fourth, which for a long time was enrolled from the\\nwhole of Coos county, giving a well-selected quota of men of good\\nbearing in the ranks. The only Independent Company was the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "THE OLD-FASHIONED HOLIDAYS. 203\\ntroop. This company was a well-mounted one; the men were good\\nriders, and at one time numbered as many as forty horsemen. Their\\nuniforms were quite imposing, consisting of black trowsers, red coats\\nwith black trimmings, helmets of leather with scarlet sides and red\\nplumes eight inches long standing erect, with bear skin trimmings\\nextending from the front over the tops of the caps, while yellow\\nbands and gorgeous tassels dangled over their backs. Their arms\\nconsisted of long sabres, a pair of horse pistles in holsters cov-\\nered with bear skin.\\nThe most popular commanders of this company were Captains\\nThomas Carlisle, Charles Hilliard, and John Loomis. There were\\nseveral other persons who shared in the honor and distinction of the\\ncommand of this noted company, but these I have named were the\\nnotables among them all.\\nThis company took the leading part in all the manoeuvres and\\nsham fights which invariably closed a regimental muster. They\\nbravely charged against the infantry squares, discharging their pis-\\ntols and retreating as the manual called for. For this performance\\na good horse was an important factor. The horses differed as much\\nas the men. Some of the horses used in the troop were remarka-\\nble for the intelligent spirit with which they entered into the duties\\nof the occasion. Most notable among them was a large, black\\nhorse with a white face, that Maj. John Weeks brought from the\\narmy at the close of the War of 18 12, and which was always in\\ndemand at the musters. He was a fine beast, with a high step and\\nproud manner. When dressed in his regimental trappings, he mani-\\nfested great pride and seemed to know his part as well as his rider,\\nand not infrequently, it seemed, he knew it a little better than his\\nrider. This animal was used in several regiments, being passed\\nfrom one to another for some years.\\nIn 1823 an artillery company was formed, with John Wilson as\\ncaptain, and in 1828 Capt. Perley Foster settled in Whitefield, and\\nmilitary organizations and activities at once revived. He was a\\ngreat religious and military enthusiast. He had been in the regular\\narmy, and managed a gun on McDonough s fleet in the battle on\\nLake Champlain. This service gave Captain Foster great prestige\\namong the military spirits of his time. He soon organized a rifle\\ncompany, the ofificers of which were Capt. Perley Foster Henry\\nFiske, lieutenant; Thomas H. Kimball, ensign. The uniform of\\nthis company consisted of blue coats richly embellished with bright\\nmetal buttons, tall bell-crowned fur hats, with shining metallic plates\\nin front and white plumes of liberal size with red tips, and gaiters of\\nthe same colors as the head-gear. This company soon became very\\npopular with the people. Among the boys who drank in all this\\ninspiration and military glory from the standpoint of lookers-on^", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "204 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nwas Captain Foster s own son, who won great distinction in the late\\nWar of the RebelHon Maj. and Maj.-Gen. John G. Foster.\\nOne who saw those musters can never forget the joy it gave the\\nboys to see their fathers, uncles, and sometimes older brothers,\\ndeport themselves creditably on the training-field, and win the\\napplause of their neighbors the old men, women, and children.\\nOne of the old-time stones told, is that of the muster held here in\\n1845, on H. F. Holton s plain. Gen. R. M. Richardson commanding.\\nA company of infantry, sometimes called flood wood, from an\\nadjacent town, appeared, and were without musical escort, so the\\ncaptain applied to Allen Smith, an 18 12 drummer, and Stephen\\nHayes, a veteran fifer, for the occasion. As this company appeared\\non the field, these old veterans struck up the Rogue s March, and\\nthe company was placed in line. Anything that was music was\\ngood, and as no one of the company knew much about different\\ntunes, it passed off well until the captain was told how he and his\\nmen came on the field. Thunder! said the captain, I supposed\\nit was Hail Columbia. The band hid immediately.\\nAll this may look to the younger generation of our day as the\\nglory of a child s play with his tin soldiers, but not so, as the\\nsequel will show. There came an evil day when, through the mis-\\ntaken greed of a few men, the state was induced to pay for the ser-\\nvice rendered on the training field. The true military spirit that\\nhad moved the men of the early days to such a wonderful degree\\nbegan to decline, and the paid service was rather looked down upon\\nas a sort of mercenary chance to earn a small fee. The pride and\\nglory of the old-time musters and trainings passed away, and left\\nthe people no adequate compensation for the care they had exer-\\ncised all those years to keep a class of citizen soldiers in proper\\ntraining. I do not question the superior organization of the militia\\nunder the later arrangement, but it removed it too far from the peo-\\nple. The new order of militia no longer interested the masses, giv-\\ning pleasure to the men and nothing less than unbounded joy to the\\nboys, as the old system did. Its glory had departed, and the pleas-\\nures it afforded to old and young has become a memor) only.\\nThe decline of the musters and trainings did not leave the people\\nwithout a holiday or day of recreation, for the raisings took the\\nplace, in a large measure, of the day of amusement afforded by the\\nmusters. The raising of a large building in early times was no\\nsmall affair. To raise the heavy hewn frames called for all the able-\\nbodied men in the neighborhood, for the builders had to rely on\\nthem for help. The frames were generally very heavy, as the sills,\\nplates, posts, and beams were seldom less than eight inches square,\\nand of solid timbers. If the building was to be a large one, it\\nwould require upwards of fifty men to raise it. Accordingly the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "THE OLD-FASHIONED HOLIDAYS. 205\\nrequisite number would be invited, and that gave the boys a holi-\\nday. Every boy for miles went to the raising to which the men of\\nhis family were invited they felt entitled to that much pleasure, at\\nleast, to see the building go up. Whether they were permitted to\\npartake of the dinners provided on such occasions for the workmen,\\nand the potations that were considered an indispensable article at\\nraisings, my information does not warrant me in stating, farther than\\nthat almost any boy could be useful on such an occasion in some\\ncapacity when he was counted a worker among the company. If\\nhe were not large enough and industrious and curious enough to\\ncarry water for the crowd, carry tools to the workmen, or run\\nerrands, then we are not so sure about his prestige and standing.\\nHe probably stood afar off with open-mouthed wonder at the ope-\\nrations going on before his sight. It may well be counted a misfor-\\ntune to any one who has never been a boy at a raising, first as an\\non-looker, then as actor in some humble capacity, as the carrying\\nof the water-pail or handing the tools to the busy workmen, and,\\nfinally, taking a man s part in the more responsible parts of the ope-\\nration, an experience the younger generation knows nothing of.\\nWhen invitations were extended to man or boy to attend a rais-\\ning, it was in good faith, and no one thought of treating such an\\ninvitation with any slight whatever, as he would be expected to be\\npresent or give some plausible excuse for his absence. When all\\nhands were present on the grounds, a friendly drink was taken, and\\nthen the business was proceeded with in the following fashion\\nFirst the two sides of the structure were put together on the sills\\nand underpinnings and securely pinned in the joints. Long poles\\ncalled, in the vernacular of the trade, follerin poles, were chained\\nto the upper and outside corners. The next step, generally, was to\\nstop and take another drink preparatory to the tug of war that was\\ncoming. This feature of the business being attended to, and all\\nbeing in perfect readiness, the master workman distributes the men\\nat such places in which he thinks they can best serve. The oldest and\\nmost trusty men were assigned to the task of tending the foot posts,\\nto guide the tennon into the mortice as the framed side rises serenely\\nin the air, The master workman now took a position from which he\\ncould see all his men, and from which all could see him as he gave\\norders. He called out in lusty and commanding tones, Are you\\nall ready? When all had responded affirmatively to the question,\\nhe commanded, Pick er up, in response to which every man laid\\nout his strength to comply with the command. The frame was\\nlifted as high as men could lift by hand, when handspikes and pike-\\npoles were brought into use. The master workman next called out,\\nHeave at the follerin-poles. The foUerin-poles having been\\nduly heaved on, the frame was raised until the tennons sank home", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "206 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nin the mortices, and the whole side reached a perpendicular position.\\nIt was then securely fastened by temporary braces and stays. The\\nsecond side went up after the same manner as the first, after which\\nall hands took another drink, and had a short breathing spell.\\nThey next proceeded with ends, and middle timbers of the frame, in\\nthe same manner as with the sides. At this point a situation of\\naffairs was reached in which the courage and agility of the more\\nventuresome and level-headed young men could show off their skill\\nto great advantage. Some one was needed to mount to the corners\\nand guide the tennons into the mortices and pin them together. This\\ntask generally fell to the lot of apprentices at the carpenter s trade,\\nor the carpenter s assistants, called joiners and finishers, or in the\\nabsence of such, to some young man possessed of the requisite\\ncourage and skill for a task so far above ground.\\nOnce the body of the frame was up, and the beams in place, the\\nnext step was that of placing the rafters in position, a pair at a time,\\nwhen they would be securely pinned. This done, the work of pin-\\nning the ribs to which the shingles were to be fastened was divided\\nbetween two forces that strove for the privilege of placing the ridge-\\npole, which privilege belonged to the party that got their ribs on\\nfirst. This was the finishing touch of a raising, the last thing the\\nassembled crowd could do for the building. The time for merri-\\nment had come. Although many drinks had been indulged in up\\nto that point, nobody would be drunk, just a little jolly, with once in\\na while one a little hilarious.\\nHon. James W. Weeks gives the following account of this kind of\\nceremony. It was a large barn on the place of Asahel Allen, where\\nPhineas Hodgdon now lives, that was raised and to be named\\nThe Southend of the frame stood ten or twelve feet from where\\nAllen afterward had his cooper shop for making pearl-ash barrels,\\nso that the ridge-pole at that end of the building must have been\\nfully forty feet high. Two men, one at each end of the frame, clam-\\nbered to the ridge-pole, bottle in hand, and on reaching the top or\\nridge, stood erect. The one at the south end called out, This is a\\nfine frame and deserves a good name. All hands responded,\\nOh, yes Oh, yes and What shall we call it? The man on the\\nnorth end of the ridge responded by giving a high-sounding name,\\nupon which the man at the other end, James Meserve, once a sailor,\\nresponded, Oh, yes and proceeded to recite some doggerel verse\\nthat ended in these lines\\nThe owner is a cooper, a jolly old soul,\\nWe 11 drink all his rum, but leave the ridge-pole.\\nStanding erect, they drained, each one, his bottle, while all\\nhands below cheered in the loudest tones. All took another drink,\\nand the raising was over, every man started for his home. So ended\\nthe old-fashioned raisings.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS. 20/\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nTEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS.\\nSixty years ago there were no temperance organizations, and\\nlittle was said or done in the way of agitating what we call the tem-\\nperance question to-day. In fact, it may be doubted if the people\\nof that time had any questions ov^er the drink habit. About every-\\nbody drank New England, or West India, rum, and kept a little\\nbrandy in the house for special occasions, as in times of sickness,\\nmarriages, births, funerals, and the visits of the minister. The\\nlaborers in the field had their dram at eleven, and again at four\\no clock, and thought it sustained their flagging energies against the\\nexcessive toils incident to pioneer life.\\nWith all this habitua-l drinking, the people of the town could not\\nbe called drunkards. It was extremely rare for one of those old-\\ntime fellows to become what they called a toper, or what we now\\ncall a drunkard. Every family kept a supply of rum, which was\\nconsidered as much of a necessity as bread. Those who could\\nafford it generally laid in at once enough to last through the year.\\nIf one expected to have a log house, or a frame one, or a clearing\\nbee, during the course of the year he must have some rum to treat\\nhis neighbors properly. The most casual caller would expect some-\\nthing set out to drink, and he who did not comply with that custom\\nwas considered by his friends and neighbors as too close-fisted and\\nstingy to be respectable. If on any occasion any one imbibed too\\nfreely and became drunk or disorderly, he was scorned by his\\nneighbors, and his sin was rebuked by his minister. These habits\\nwere deeply imbedded in the social life of this, as other New Eng-\\nland communities.\\nWhen grave offences were committed against law, public senti-\\nment, or morality, the fact was not then, as now, charged to the\\ndrink habit. The quantity of alcohol in their drinks was not very\\ngreat, and then the rugged, out-door life they led did not make\\nthem such ready victims to its ravages as are the victims of drink at\\nthe present time. There is a superstition or tradition that the liquor\\nwas purer then than now but that was only relatively true. It is\\ntrue that there was much less adulterated liquor used then than now.\\nBut that it was purer than the same article that is made to-day, is\\nnot true. It is very true that the alcohol in the liquor of to-day,\\nthat is procured in dram-shops, is not as injurious as are the adul-\\nterants that are put into it to increase the profits to the venders.\\nWhisky was not much used, and but little known, in Lancaster\\nuntil about 1815, when its manufacture from potatoes was com-\\nmenced. Even then it was not regarded as fit for use, but was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "208 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nshipped off to trade for other commodities. It was of such a fiery\\nnature as to literally burn the throat of the drinker, and no one\\ncared for it save as a source of revenue or gain.\\nUp to 1845 there had never been known a case of delirium\\ntremens in town. Some years previous to that date drinks contain-\\ning larger proportions of alcohol, and also adulterated drinks, had\\nproduced a number of drunkards, some of whom suffered from\\ndelirium tremens about the middle of the present century. As this\\ncondition of affairs became somewhat common, a number of ladies\\nbegan to make a move to induce the men to take the pledge to\\nabstain from intoxicating drinks. This was not an organized move-\\nment at first, but after a few years it opened the way for the estab-\\nlishment of a Total Abstinence Society, under the auspices of\\nw^hich meetings were held about town in the schoolhouses. As is\\nthe case in such movements the pledge was signed chiefly by\\nwomen and children who of all classes least needed the reform. It\\nno doubt did the boys good to pledge themselves against drinking;\\nbut the men most addicted to the evil habit were not easily induced\\nto make so strong a resolve as to quit drinking rum and gin. The\\nmovement had some good results in creating a public sentiment\\nagainst drunkenness. Even habitual drinkers began to leave off\\ndrink to some extent. They would fall back into the old habit on\\nholidays, town-meetings, musters, and other occasions. The men\\nof Lancaster who had been convinced that drink was a serious evil\\nbegan to moderate their habits rather than abstain from the use of\\nliquor altogether.\\nThe legislature in 1791 passed a law entitled An act to regulate\\nlicensed houses, which remained in force until far into the present\\ncentury. It provided that no person should carry on the calling of\\ntaverner or retailer of liquors without a license procured from\\nthe selectmen of the town. A violation of this feature of the law\\nsubjected the offender to a fine of forty shillings, and any one could\\nsue for the same and recover for himself half the fine, the other half\\ngoing to the county. Such license had to be duly recorded in the\\ntown records.\\nA license could only be issued for a term of one year. The law\\nprovided that no taverner should suffer any of the inhabitants of the\\ntown to remain in his house tippling after nine o clock p. m., or on\\nthe Sabbath, nor at any time to drunkenness, nor should he sell to\\nminors, or servants, without their parent s or master s consent. He\\nshould not allow any gaming of any kind to be conducted in his\\nhouse or on his premises. The retailer was not allowed to sell any\\nmixed drinks of any kind in less quantity than one pint, and that\\nwas not to be allowed to be drunk on his premises. All these\\nprovisions were backed up by fines ranging from twenty to forty", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS. 209\\nshillings for each and every offence. In the main they were lived\\nup to by the taverners and store-keepers. I cannot learn that any\\nof them ever violated these provisions in this town.\\nOne finds many such licenses recorded on the town records.\\nThey were granted to many of the leading citizens of the town,\\nincluding the names of Emmons Stockwell, Fortunatus Eager,\\nEdwards Bucknam, Jonas Wilder, Richard C. Everett, Sylvanus\\nChessman, Stephen Wilson, Artemas Wilder, Jr., John Toscan,\\nJonathan Carlton, Thomas Carlisle Co., Benjamin Hunking,\\nFrancis and John Wilson, William and Noyes Dennison, Charles\\nBaker, Benjamin C. Stevens, Ephraim Mahurin, Samuel White, and\\nmany others less known to history than they, but all keeping their\\ntransactions within the bound prescribed by law. Most of them\\nwere simply retailers of it as an article of trade in their stores, where\\nit was as much an article of barter and trade as any other, and sub-\\njected the dealer to no odium or condemnation as he did not allow\\nit to be consumed in his place of business. This line of trafftc, how-\\never, was destined to suffer a great change. When the Washing-\\ntonian Movement reached Lancaster about 1845, with its battle-\\ncry of moral suasion, the stores began to give up the trade in\\nliquors until in a few years it was left wholly to the taverns. The\\nfarmers still kept their supplies in their cellars to be used at\\nthe annual butcherings, sheep-washings, sheep-shearings, and in\\nhaying.\\nAbout this time the churches began to take active measures\\nagainst intemperance. The Orthodox Congregational church,\\nformed in 1836 by seceders from the First Congregational church,\\nhad pledged themselves in their church covenant not to use dis-\\ntilled liquors, except as medicine. No church, however, had been\\nactive in preaching against intemperance openly as a specific evil.\\nThe Washingtonian movement was organized, and for some years\\ndid much good in counteracting the evil of intemperance. As a\\nsort of offset to the temperance movement there sprung up a habit\\nof brewing so-called health drinks. Among these were spruce\\nbeer and birch beer. The brewing day, in the spring of the\\nyear, was one of much importance. The tender twigs of spruce,\\nalder bark, and tags (the catkins), wild cherry bark, mountain ash\\nbark, princess pine, dandelion roots, and various other roots and\\nbarks, that might be thought to possess flavoring or medicinal\\nqualities, were sometimes added. This medley of roots and barks\\nwere boiled and the liquid strained off and allowed to work.\\nThis was the spring and summer tonic of many of the best families\\nin town. This stuff was no better than some of the drinks the\\npeople had been persuaded to give up. It cultivated an appetite\\nfor stronger stimulants much more effectively than it strengthened\\n15", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "210 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe users of it. Even this form of drink did not escape the hearty\\ndenunciations of the Washingtonians.\\nFrom 1845, down to within a few years, many temperance organ-\\nizations were instituted, as we have shown elsewhere, all of which\\nhave contributed to the development of a sound public sentiment\\nagainst intemperance.\\nThe public action of the town in relation to the matter are of\\ninterest to the student of social affairs. In the very early years\\ngrog was furnished at the expense of the town in connection with\\nlabor performed on the highways, bridges, and other public enter-\\nprises. On one occasion when there were some logs drifted against\\nor into the bridge over the Connecticut river, the town voted to\\nauthorize Sylvanus Chessman to notify the people to haul them off,\\nand at the completion of the job give them a drink of grog at the\\nexpense of the town; and again in 1805, when the bridge over\\nIsreals river was torn down to give place to a new one, the town\\nvoted to invite men enough to do the work with no other compen-\\nsation than the liquor they needed to drink while engaged at the\\nwork. In 1830 sentiment had so changed that the town voted that\\nno part of the money voted for highways should be spent for spirit-\\nuous liquors.\\nIn 1846 there was an article in the warrant for the annual town-\\nmeeting, asking whether the town would instruct the selectmen not\\nto grant any licenses for the sale of liquors. The measure was de-\\nferred by a vote to postpone action but the postponement was\\nonly for a year as at the next annual meeting a vote was had upon\\nthe question whether it was expedient to prohibit the license and\\nsale of liquor and spirits. Sixty-seven votes were given in the\\nafifirmative, and seventy-eight in the negative. This was not, how-\\never, a full vote. Many persons did not vote at all, as is shown by\\nthe fact that the vote for governor at the same meeting was three\\nhundred and thirty-five, or one hundred and ninety more than all\\nthe votes cast on the license question.\\nMaine had her prohibitory law, and the subject of prohibiting the\\nsale of liquors as the surest means of preventing drunkenness was\\ngaining ground with the people. The discussion of the subject\\ndrew nearly all the people into the expression of their opinions, and\\nof course there was little to be said in favor of the liquor traffic, and\\nnothing in favor of the use of alcoholic drinks, so public sentiment\\ngrew stronger with the passing years, until at the annual town-meet-\\ning of 1 85 1, it was voted not to license taverns or stores to sell\\nliquor. This was done under the old local option law, which has\\nlater given place on the statute books to a law that is prohibitory in\\nits aims.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 211\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nPOLITICAL HISTORY.\\nLancaster from a very early period has held a prominent place in\\nthe political history of the state. Its earliest settlers were men from\\nthe older towns in the neighborhood of the seat of government, and\\nnaturally they were interested in the affairs of state. They had,\\nfrom their youth, been in close contact with the leading politicians\\nand statesmen of New Hampshire and New England. Very natur-\\nally when they had become the prominent men of a new town they\\ncontinued to feel their former interest in the important questions of\\nstate somewhat intensified by the consciousness of added responsi-\\nbilities as the leaders of the new town.\\nNo political questions of any great magnitude affected Lancaster\\nuntil after the close of the Revolutionary War. Previous to that\\ntime the questions that challenged their attention and interests had\\nbeen one-sided questions, like those of defence against the Indians,\\nFrench, and British, and the Vermont Controversy. Those were\\nsimply business affairs that did not require party action. The peo-\\nple comprised a unit on all issues involved in them and once they\\nwere settled the people were free to give their attention to the\\nweightier matters of the policy of the general and the state govern-\\nments.\\nThough far removed from the scenes of party contest that went\\non in the towns along the seaboard, the men of Lancaster were\\nneither ignorant nor indifferent concerning the state government.\\nThe first action taken on any political measure in Lancaster was\\nat the annual town-meeting of 1783, after Meshech Weare had been\\nelected president of the provisional government that preceded the\\nadoption of the constitution of 1784. Much dissatisfaction with the\\ngovernment existed in some parts of the state. Lancaster, however,\\nwas satisfied with the form of government and voted unanimously,\\nThat the present form of government now in force in this state be\\ncontinued in full force until the loth day of June, 1784. There\\nwere but six votes cast at that time, but they were all in favor of\\nthe government as it then existed.\\nIn the warrant for the annual meeting of 1784, every voter who\\npaid taxes was notified to bring in a vote for president of the state,\\nand a senator. Weare received eight votes, all that were cast, for\\npresident, and Moses Dow the same number for senator. In 1785,\\nthe thirteen votes of the town were cast for John Langdon for presi-\\ndent. In 1786 there were eleven votes cast for George Atkinson\\nfor president, and the same number for Moses Dow for senator.\\nThe same number of votes were cast for the Grafton county officers.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "212 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nmaintaining the town s habit of voting unanimously for all candi-\\ndates. In their devotion to Atkinson they threw their votes away\\nas he only received a few hundred of the whole vote of the state,\\nwhich was eight thousand. His votes were reckoned among eight\\nhundred scattering in the election returns. Just what was Lan-\\ncaster s reason for voting for so unpopular a candidate we do not\\nknow. He must have numbered some of the leaders here among\\nhis personal friends to have carried the entire vote of the town.\\nThen, too, such events seem to indicate that a few men must have\\npractically controlled the majority of the voters in town. There\\nseems to have been little use of the names of the great political\\nparties of the time, for they are not mentioned in any public or\\nprivate documents of that time. We find, however, the use of other\\nterms that indicate pretty well how public opinion ran here. In\\nthe record of the vote for state officers in 1787 the town clerk, Gen.\\nEdwards Bucknam, says: Twenty votes were cast, and were\\ndivided by political candidates. Twelve friends to popular rights,\\nhowever, prevailed. Gen. John Sullivan, the Federalist candidate,\\nreceived the votes of the twelve friends of popular rights.\\nWhether the eight voters who voted against General Sullivan should\\nbe counted as anti-Federalists we have no assurance. A time had\\ncome, however, when an intense party spirit was to characterize the\\nvoting in Lancaster. The formation of the constitution of the\\nnational government was to bring that document before the people\\nfor adoption. The election of the state government, that was to\\nvote upon the Constitution of the United States in 1788, was one of\\nthe most important matters that had ever engaged the attention of\\nour local politicians and embryo statesmen. Six states had already\\nadopted the constitution, and others were to act about the same\\ntime that New Hampshire would, which made it a matter of great\\nimportance whether the friends or the foes of the constitution should\\nwin. A few hundred votes might turn the scale one way or the\\nother. Langdon and Sullivan were candidates for president, and\\ndivided the vote nearly even. There were only thirteen votes cast\\nthat year. Sullivan received six, while his competitor received\\nseven.\\nLater, in the same year, when the first election for members of\\ncongress occurred, the votes, twenty-seven in all, were divided as\\nfollows: Samuel Livermore, eight; Benjamin Bellows, eight; Elisha\\nPaine, two Christopher Toppan, one Paine Wingate, one John\\nPickering, one, and Simon Olcott, six. For presidential electors the\\nvote stood as follows: Beza Woodward, eight; Benjamin West,\\nnine; Elisha Paine, eight Woodbury Langdon, nine; Christopher\\nToppan, eight; Moses Dow, two, and Samuel Livermore, one.\\n.Party spirit had taken possession of the people, and contests", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 213\\nbegan to be bitter and earnest. In 1788, the candidates for gov-\\nernor were John Langdon, Republican, and General Sullivan, Fed-\\neralist. Langdon received eight votes, and Sullivan only seven.\\nNearly half of the votes of the town were not cast when that ofifice\\nwas voted for, either from a feeling of indifference or because the\\nfactions to which the non-voters belonged had no candidates.\\nThe election of 1789 was a hotly-contested one as there were four\\ncandidates for president, and all of them were good men. The issue\\nwas on their party alliances and not on their merits as statesmen\\nor their efficiency to fill that office. In Lancaster John Picker-\\ning, Federalist, received every vote cast. Pickering, however, was\\nbeaten by General Sullivan when the election was carried before the\\nlegislature. When the election came around the following year with\\nPickering as Federalist candidate sixteen votes were cast for him,\\nwith only four against him, in favor of Joshua Wentworth. Neither\\ncandidate, however, was chosen as the legislature elected, and Dr.\\nJosiah Bartlett was their choice.\\nThe full number of twenty-seven votes were cast at this election.\\nBoth candidates for congress in 1793, Jeremiah Smith and John S.\\nSherbourne, received the full ^ote of the town. No serious changes\\nhad taken place in the division of the vote on other officers during\\nthe last few years; but in the election of 1794, opinion had so effec-\\ntually changed that for the first time in the history of the town the\\nwhole vote was given to Beza Woodward who ran for governor in\\nopposition to John Taylor Gilman, the long-tried Federalist leader of\\nthe state. The number of votes cast that year was thirty-five. As\\nonce before, the entire vote of the town went for nothing by being\\ngiven to the candidate who stood no show of election, as Gilman\\nreceived four votes to Woodward s one. During the long term of\\nGovernor Gilman s holding the office thirteen years politics in\\nLancaster were at a low ebb. It is impossible to discover any evi-\\ndence of more than the most common-place interest in elections.\\nOther matters seem to have engrossed the attention of the people.\\nThe town had seventy polls in 1794, and its wealth had increased\\nconsiderably, so that when the state tax reached twenty-seven\\nthousand dollars Lancaster s proportion was thirty-eight dollars\\nand eleven cents, which was a large sum for those times. The\\nschool tax was one hundred and sixty-six dollars and sixty-seven\\ncents, one third of which had to be paid in silver money, and two\\nthirds could be paid in marketable wheat at the rate of one dol-\\ndollar a bushel. The people were more concerned about paying a\\nlittle more than two hundred dollars taxes, than they were about the\\ndifference between a Federalist and a Republican acting as governor\\nof the state.\\nUnder the lone and honest administration of Governor Gilman", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "214 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe state enjoyed a marked degree of prosperity. Law and order\\ncharacterized the conduct of the people everywhere and a good\\nclass were attracted to the state as settlers. Many from the older\\ncommunities south of the state came into it and settled upon its\\ncheap and abundant lands. In this general immigration Lancaster\\nshared, as the fame of the Upper Coos country had gone abroad.\\nAs the century was drawing to a close a new order of things was\\napparent in the life of the town. The hard struggle for existence\\nwas to give way to a better condition of things. New settlers were\\nnow coming to buy the vacant lands, and to open up new farms,\\nand build homes. Most of these newcomers were men and women\\nof marked worth and character. From Portsmouth, Greenland,\\nand other of the older settled towns there came many men and\\nwomen of ability, of mind and character, and fully fitted in other\\nrespects to enter into the renewed life of the town. This influx\\nof intelligent population made many improvements of things pos-\\nsible. They changed the character of the town to a great extent,\\nthough their political relations did not immediately work a great\\nchange in the party standing of the vote of the town. In 1801\\nthere were cast for Gilman fifty-six votes for governor but a year\\nlater he only received fifty-three, while his competitor, John Lang-\\ndon, received seven.\\nA point had been reached in the development of the town when,\\nthrough immigration and the reaching of their majority of a large\\nnumber of the sons of the older settlers, the voters rapidly increased\\nuntil in 1804 there were ninety-nine votes cast in the state election.\\nThe candidates that year were Gilman and John Langdon. Gilman\\nreceived ninety votes while Langdon got only nine. The contest\\nwas a hot one from a party point of view. The two great\\nparties, Federalist and Democratic-Republican, were bitterly arrayed\\nagainst each other over grave national issues. The election of Jef-\\nferson as president had filled the Federalists with gloom. They\\nabused the president and predicted all kinds of calamities as certain\\nto take place because of the change in the party administration of\\nthe general government. Lancaster then became so thoroughly\\naroused over party politics that thenceforth she has always been\\ndivided in her vote on strict party lines. The time had gone by\\nwhen any man could secure all her votes for any high office in\\neither state or national governments.\\nIt was at that election of 1804 that the first ofificials of Coos\\ncounty were elected. Party lines did not hold as strictly in the\\nselection of county officers as they did in the election of state and\\nnational officers. Although Moses P. Payson received seventy-five\\nvotes for senator in the twelfth district as against five for William\\nTarlton, it would seem that many voters broke over the party lines", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 21 5\\nwhen it came to voting for county officers. William Lovejoy re-\\nceived eighty-seven votes for register of deeds, while his competitor,\\nStephen Wilson, only received two. Joseph Peverly received seven-\\nty-seven for treasurer, while Jeremiah Eames for the same office\\nonly received one. Stephen Wilson was a good man, while it may\\nbe doubted if Lovejoy was his equal in point of popularity. These\\nfacts go to show that the voters were governed more by their politi-\\ncal opinions or preferences for particular fitness in the candidate for\\noffice and that they had got done voting at the dictation of\\nprominent local leaders. At all events from this time forward the\\ndevelopment of political parties went on more rapidly than before\\nin town. There was much zeal displayed in local, as well as state\\nand national, politics. Federalism was, and had been, rampant and\\ntriumphant for more than a decade, and it seemed as if it was so\\nthoroughly entrenched in the confidence of the people that it would\\nhold sway for many a year to come but such appearances were\\ndeceptive, for at the election of 1805, John Langdon, the bitter and\\nobstinate opponent of Federalism, was elected governor by a\\nmajority of four thousand. For some years the vote of Lancaster\\nwas so divided that a fair-sized majority went to the support of the\\nDemocratic-Republican party.\\nThe prophesies that the country would go to ruin under the ad-\\nministration of Jefferson proved false. On the contrary there was\\nmuch prosperity enjoyed and some of the peculiar doctrines of\\nhis party were either ignored or violated by Jefferson, as in the\\nmatter of the Louisiana Purchase. The president and his party\\nwon friends everywhere, even in far-off Lancaster. There was left\\nbut a remnant, and that not a very large one, of the Federalists. At\\nthe election of 1808, only thirty-five votes were cast in Lancaster.\\nOf them Langdon, Republican, received eight; Oilman, the tried and\\nproven Federalist, received sixteen. Jeremiah Smith, Federalist,\\ngot one vote, and R. C. Everett, ten. This was evidently due to the\\ncomplete reversion of political power in the election of 1805, for the\\nelection of the year following was without the appearance of rivalry\\namong the parties. It is difficult to surmise the cause of such a\\nheavy decline in the votes cast for the two popular party candidates\\nin 1808, on any other ground than that of a complete indifference\\nin politics from the defeat of 1805, during the next two years. At\\nall events but few of the people voted. Many, no doubt, were in-\\nfluenced by the religious opposition to Jefferson. He was called an\\natheist, and it was said he was hostile to religion, the church, and\\nespecially the Bible. Jefferson was nothing of the kind nor was he\\nhostile to church or Bible. Good old Deacon Wilder was one of\\nthe false prophets in Lancaster; and as he was popular in the\\nchurch probably influenced many persons into a state of political in-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "2l6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ndifference during the few years referred to. The events leading up\\nto the embargo act, and the non-intercourse act, had the effect to\\narouse the FederaHsts, who were the chief commerciaHsts of New\\nEngland, to renewed activity in 1808. The excitement did not\\nreach Lancaster, however, that year but in the following year the\\ntown felt the influence of the mighty wave of public sentiment that\\nwas sweeping over the entire country. The commerce of the country\\nwas being ruined and industries of every kind were being paralysed.\\nThe commerical prosperity enjoyed for many years by Portsmouth\\nhad been completely ruined and the Federalists believed that the\\nRepublican administration and party were responsible for it. The\\nFederalists wanted our marine protected against British and French\\ninterference, and the administration had suffered it to be outraged on\\nthe very coasts of our own country. A distrust and revulsion of\\npublic sentiment favored the chances of the Federalist party coming\\nback into power; and in 1809 there was one of the hottest party\\ncontests that have ever been seen in this country. A Federal\\ndelegation to congress had been secured in New Hampshire. This\\ngave the Federalists new hopes, and they put forth most heroic\\nefforts to carry the state, which they did by a majority of a little\\nmore than two hundred for Jeremiah Smith as governor. Nearly\\nthirty-one thousand votes were cast, while at the preceding elec-\\ntion not more than fifteen thousand votes were thrown, of which\\nLangdon, Republican, had received thirteen thousand, and Oilman,\\nFederalist, twelve hundred and sixty-one, with a few hundred scat-\\ntering votes for other candidates.\\nIn 1809 Lancaster aroused from her indifference. While she had\\nbut thirty-five votes in 1808, in 1809 she cast ninety-five votes,\\nof which Jeremiah Smith, Federalist, received seventy-three, and\\nLangdon, Republican, twenty-two. A renewed interest in politics\\nwas taken, and in 18 10 one hundred and eight votes were cast, of\\nwhich Jeremiah Smith received eighty-five and Langdon twenty-\\nthree. This marks quite a growth in the Federal party. That\\nparty, however, had gained control of the entire state government\\nand the delegation in congress. This tidal wave of political rever-\\nsion turned back in the opposite direction the next year, and as\\ncompletely put everything in the hands of the Republicans. A\\ncompensation for this may be found in the fact that it spared New\\nHampshire the humiliation that would have inevitably followed the\\nelection of a senator and members of congress opposed to the ad-\\nministration, and such a party representation in congress might have\\nprevented the declaration of war, a calamity that would have been\\nsimply incalculable in its effects upon the destiny of the United\\nStates. The Federalists of New England were blind to the faults of\\nGreat Britain, while they magnified the sins of France against our", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 2 1/\\ncommerce into gigantic proportions. The Republicans, on the con-\\ntrary, were bold to denounce the wrongs of England against our\\ncommerce. Federalism had a strong hold upon Lancaster voters,\\nwho were conservative, and seem to have had less respect for the\\nnational government than their otherwise patriotic conduct in the\\npast would lead one to expect. There was a remnant of the people\\nof the state, however, that were moved by the recollection of British\\nwrongs to Americans, and in the election of i8ii gave Langdon a\\nmajority of nearly three thousand votes. This called upon him an\\nunmerited amount of abuse from the Federalist party of the state.\\nThey forgot his patriotic services in the War of the Revolution, and\\nheaped upon him every imaginable reproach but the legislature\\nsupported his policy, and together they held the state to her duty\\nduring that period of crisis. The Federalists boldly talked of sepa-\\nration from the Union and an alliance with England. While that\\nsentiment was sustained by many voters in this town, there were few\\nwho dared openly to advocate it. Much strong feeling existed on\\nthe subject.\\nIn 1 8 ID, during the period of intense party strife, the question of\\nthe revision of the state constitution was voted on. Lancaster gave\\nbut one vote in favor of it, and forty against it. This was not a\\npolitical question, and as party strife ran high, neither party cared\\nto risk any change in the constitution lest it should operate against\\nits future welfare.\\nIn the election of 1812 the full strength of the Federalist party\\nwas shown by its vote in this town. All the candidates, among\\nwhom was Daniel Webster, candidate for congress, received ninety-\\none votes, while the opposition only carried twenty^-seven. The\\nRepublicans or as they were then beginning to be called, Demo-\\ncrats carried the election, securing the election of William Plumer,\\nJr., as governor. He had been up to that date a Federalist, but\\nupon the stirring questions of the day he could no longer be classed\\nwith the Federalists. Through the campaign of that year Plumer\\nwas accused before the public as having been once a zealous Bap-\\ntist preacher, and then an unbeliever. The fact that he was for\\nyears a Federalist, and had become a Democrat, was charged against\\nhim. Through the sectarian religious prejudice, as well as party\\nprejudice, against him and Judge Smith, the election was thrown\\ninto the legislature, where he received one hundred and four votes\\nto eighty-two against him, in favor of Oilman. He made a good\\ngovernor, and carried New Hampshire proudly through the War of\\n18 12. His Democratic predecessor had kept the state militia in\\ngood condition, so that when Plumer came into office he found it\\nno hard task to comply with the demands upon the state for sol-\\ndiers for the war then upon the country. Lancaster was not slow in", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "2l8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nresponding to that call, for Capt. John W. Weeks raised a company\\nand was attached to Col. Moody Bedel s regiment, the Eleventh\\nUnited States Infantry, mainly made up of New Hampshire men.\\nA majority of the one hundred and forty-six men in Captain Weeks s\\ncompany were Democrats; some of them, after their return to civil\\nlife, were among the leading local politicians of that party.\\nParty lines were closely drawn in Lancaster. The excitement and\\nthe issues at stake in the war did not change the relative number\\nof votes between the parties. In the election of 1814 the Federal-\\nists cast ninety-one votes for Oilman, while only twenty-nine were\\ngiven Plumer. The small vote for the latter is to be accounted for\\nin the absence of so large a number of men in the army who were\\nDemocrats, and who, had they been at home would, no doubt, have\\ngiven Plumer nearly as large a vote as Oilman received. The Fed-\\neralist party had espoused a bad cause in obstructing certain meas-\\nures of the war, which was now drawing to a close with a complete\\nvindication of the position taken by the Democrats. The Federalist\\nparty had received its death wounds, inflicted by its own hand. Its\\nadherents in Lancaster yielded slowly and with anything but patri-\\notism and gracefulness. As a condemned party it died hard. Men\\nof prominence continued to vote with it long after its doom was\\nsealed by public sentiment recorded in a vote against it that in-\\ncreased every year by a significant majority throughout the country.\\nThis general decline of their party had no effect upon Lancaster\\nFederalists they adhered to the dying party with a devotion that\\nwas anything but commendable. As late as 18 16, when Joseph\\nSheafe of Portsmouth was the Federalist candidate for governor,\\nhe received seventy-two votes to thirty-nine for Plumer, who was\\nelected by a decisive majority. The Federalists sustained a com-\\nplete defeat, as had been foreseen by Oilman, who refused to be any\\nlonger his party s candidate for governor.\\nSeeing their party was going to its doom, many Federalists\\nvoted for Plumer in 181 7. He received that year fifty-one votes,\\nthe same number that Sheafe did. For state senator, the vote was\\nthe same.\\nIn the following year there were only ninety-one votes cast, of\\nwhich Plumer received fifty-one, and Jeremiah Mason forty. Plumer\\nwas elected by about the same relative majority throughout the state\\nthat he received in Lancaster. The pace of Federalist decline had\\nbeen set, and Lancaster was falling into line for a change to the\\nopposite party.\\nIn the election of 18 19 the difference had grown still greater, for\\nSamuel Bell, Democratic candidate for governor, received fifty-seven\\nvotes, while William Hale, Federalist, only received thirty-nine.\\nThe votes for members of congress show a most remarkable depart-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 219\\nure from the party vote for governor. No less than fifteen persons\\nwere voted for, with the following results Josiah Butler, forty-nine\\nWilliam Plumer, Jr., forty-three; Nathaniel Upham, forty-eight;\\nClifton Claggett, forty-four; Joseph Buffum, Jr., forty-one Arthur\\nLivermore, seventy-six Joseph Buffum, five William Plumer, one\\nJeremiah Smith, forty-three John Haven, forty-two Stephen\\nMoody, four; Parker Noyes, forty-one; Levi Jackson, forty-one;\\nMills Olcott, thirty-six Jonathan Wilcox, two. This result of vot-\\ning was partly due to the irregular manner of bringing congres-\\nsional candidates before town elections, but mainly to the spirit of\\npolitical independence that characterizes people at the time of party\\ndecadences when they are readjusting themselves. The voters were\\ndisposed to assert some right to select the men of either party\\nmost in favor with them. Besides, the so-called Era of good\\nfeeling was at hand in which everybody was rejoicing at the re-\\nturn of prosperity and peace. Our country had taken her stand\\non great international questions, and had won the day. The na-\\ntion was honored abroad and loved at home. The Federalists\\nwere heartily ashamed of the part they played in that great drama,\\nand the Democratic-Republican party had covered itself with honor\\nby its management of the war and the manner in which national\\nharmony was produced. A spirit of perfect union and concord\\nwas now ushered in. Party spirit ran low at the time. Samuel\\nBell, Democratic-Republican candidate for governor in 1820,\\nreceived nearly all the votes of the town, one hundred and twelve,\\nwith seven recorded as scattering. No great excitement took\\nplace over the election of president. It was a foregone conclusion\\nthat Monroe would be elected. At the November election the\\nhighest number of votes cast for electors was twenty-three for Ezra\\nBartlett. William Plumer received twenty, and the other six, from\\neight to nineteen votes. There was little to indicate party spirit\\nexcept that a few Federalist votes were cast for Jeremiah Mason and\\nJeremiah Smith in the election of 1821. The former got one vote,\\nand the latter six, while Samuel Bell was honored with one hundred\\nand fourteen. Ezekiel Webster also got two votes. Bell had proven\\nhimself a good executive ofificer and had won the confidence of the\\npeople, and therefore he received the bulk of the votes. Nothing\\nwas to be gained by voting him down for another, though any of\\nhis rivals that year were his equal in worth and ability as citizens\\nand statesmen.\\nIn the following year Bell received ninety-seven votes, and Mason\\nonly three. Not more than three fourths of the people voted, for\\nthere must have been not less than one hundred and fifty voters\\nin town at the time. In the election of 1823, party spirit again\\nbroke out in something of its old-time fervor. Samuel Dinsmore", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "220 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nwas the Democratic-Republican candidate, with young Levi Wood-\\nbury opposing him. Lancaster gave Dinsmore one hundred and\\nnine votes, and thirty-one to Woodbury. John Wilson was elected\\nrepresentative that year on party issues, as Adino N. Brackett had\\nbeen two years before. The vote for congressman was much\\ndivided. Edmund Parker received fifty-five, Richard Odell thirty,\\nand Arthur Livermore thirty-six. There were that year one hun-\\ndred and fifty-four voters in town, only one hundred and twenty-one\\nof whom exercised the right of franchise. This would seem to indi-\\ncate considerable indifference in the matter of party relations. The\\nnext year the country was much stirred over the four candidates for\\npresident, and New Hampshire, and Lancaster even, partook of that\\nexcitement. The four candidates of that campaign Vv ere Andrew\\nJackson, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and William H. Craw-\\nford. An effort had been made to secure regular party candidates\\nthrough the Caucus System, but it failed, and the campaign degen-\\nerated into a personal scramble for the office, giving rise to the\\ndesignation of the campaign as The scrub race for the presidency.\\nSo far as New Hampshire was concerned the issues of the race lay\\nbetween Adams and Jackson. The real issue was over the so-called\\nconstruction of the constitution of the United States. The terms\\nLoose and Close Constructionists were used to determine\\nwhether the candidates favored a close or loose construction of the\\nconstitution in regard to matters of Internal Improvements and a\\nTariff for the Protection of American Industries. These designa-\\ntions so completely ignored the old party names that they became\\nthe forerunners of a new name and new party. Adams was elected\\nas a Loose Constructionist by the house of representatives, as the\\npopular vote failed to make a choice. Because of the united oppo-\\nsition to Adams s administration of the Strict Constructionists,\\nthe Democratic-Republican party, which by this time was struggling\\nto either swallow or drop its tail and go by the designation of\\nDemocrats alone, Adams and Clay, led their factions under the\\nname of National Republicans, which name a few years later was\\nchanged to that of Whigs. Under both those names the party\\nmaintained the Loose Construction principles of the Federalist\\nparty. In that memorable campaign Lancaster gave Levi Wood-\\nbury, Jacksonian Democrat, one hundred and twelve votes, and\\nDavid L. Morril, Loose Constructionist, twenty-five votes only. For\\nelectors the Adams candidates all received fifty-four votes, except\\nMoses White who received only forty ballots.\\nBoth of the leading parties had lost their distinctive names and\\nhad come to accept others not calculated to last long as they simply\\ndesignated a national policy that would certainly be settled soon.\\nThis directed attention to the ability and integrity of the candidates", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 221\\nto carry that question of the construction of the constitution to an\\nearly issue. In the election of 1825, coming within a week of the\\ninauguration of Adams and Calhoun, the Loose Construction party s\\ncandidate, David L. Morril, all but carried the town of Lancaster\\nunanimously, for he received one hundred and twenty-nine votes,\\nwith only two against him. In the state he received nearly thirty\\nthousand as against five hundred and sixty-three, set down as\\nscattering. The elections were conducted with reference to\\nnational questions there were no state or local political questions\\nin this state or town.\\nAndrew Jackson was growing in popularity, and his name had in\\nit a charm for the old-time Democrats. Adams was losing popu-\\nlarity all the time. When Benjamin Pierce was put forward in\\n1826, as a Jacksoriian Democratic candidate for governor, he proved\\nto be the most popular man before the voters. He received one\\nhundred and twenty-nine votes in Lancaster, and Morril, who had\\nbeen so popular the year before, only got twenty-four votes. The\\nexcitement over the two champions Adams and Jackson was so\\ngreat as to call out the heaviest vote ever cast in Lancaster, one hun-\\ndred and fifty-three. So popular had Pierce become that the next\\nyear he received an almost unanimous vote throughout the state.\\nThis year John W. Weeks was elected to the state senate as a\\nJacksonian Democrat, and Richard Eastman was elected as\\nrepresentative.\\nMatters were shaping themselves to involve Lancaster in the hot-\\ntest political contest she had ever seen. As politics had turned so\\nlargely upon personal leadership, instead of on political questions, the\\ncontest that was coming for 1828 was to be a hot one. Jackson s\\ngrievances had been preached all over the country so much that the\\nmasses began to sympathize with him as a wronged man. His\\nheroism at the battle of New Orleans his marked personality\\nappealed to the people strongly they were anxious to vindicate\\nhim.\\nAt the March meeting of that year, John Bell, the Adams can-\\ndidate, received one hundred and two votes, while Pierce, the\\nJacksonian candidate, got eighty-eight. This shows a marked gain\\nof the Jackson party. In the November meeting for choice of\\npresidential electors, the Adams candidates received one hundred\\nand fourteen votes to one hundred for the Jackson men. Jackson\\nwas elected president, however, and when another election occurred\\nhis influence was visible in the result of the ballot. The Adams\\ncandidate, John Bell, only received ninety-five votes for governor,\\nwhile Pierce carried one hundred and twelve votes. Pierce was\\nbadly beaten in the state, but that did not cool the ardor of his\\nparty whose hero-leader was in the presidential chair. Of the two", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "2 22 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nhundred and ten voters in town, two hundred and seven cast their\\nvotes at that election There was no indifference to stop any one\\nfrom voting then, as had often been the case before. Party feeHng\\nand party zeal were rife that were to crystallize into two strong na-\\ntional parties. The next year, 1830, shows another hot contest be-\\ntween the followers of the two great champions. Matthew Harvey\\nwas the Jacksonian candidate for governor, with Timothy Upton\\narrayed against him as an Adams man. There was a decided Dem-\\nocratic gain, for Harvey got one hundred and twenty-five votes, and\\nUpton only ninety-six. The Adams party were not holding their\\nown in the contests, while the Jackson party were making rapid gains.\\nIt was at this election that Jared W. Williams was first elected rep-\\nresentative as a Jacksonian Democrat. That was the beginning of\\na bright political career for Williams. He entered public life on\\nthe high tide of Jacksonian Democracy, and held his place until his\\ndeath.\\nThe campaign of 1831 was a hotly contested one, and one of\\nconsiderable interest to Lancaster. The candidates for governor\\nwere Samuel Dinsmore, Democrat, and Ichabod Bartlett, an Adams\\nman, who still held to the Federalist principles. Bartlett was one\\nof the most famous lawyers in the state, ranking with Daniel Web-\\nster, Levi Woodbury, and Jeremiah Mason. Party ties were strong\\nand could not be broken for even so gifted a man as Bartlett. His\\ndevotion to doctrines held by Adams was against him. His op-\\nponent received one hundred and forty-four votes, while he only\\nsecured seventy-nine. The state and town were too much de-\\nvoted to Jackson to swerve an inch for even the best men in the\\nstate. The vote for members of congress this year was substan-\\ntially the same as that for governor, with the exception of Maj.\\nJohn W. Weeks of Lancaster, who received a heavier vote than any\\nother candidate. He was one of the most prominent citizens of the\\ntown, and as a matter of compliment some of his neighbors crossed\\nthe party lines to vote for him. The following year showed no\\nimportant change in the situation; the same candidates for gov-\\nernor were up and received substantially the same vote as the year\\nbefore. Dinsmore received one hmidred and thirty-eight, and Bart-\\nlett sixty-six. Nineteen less votes were cast than on the previous\\nyear, which was of more interest, as members of congress were\\nelected that year, and in 1832 only state and county officers were\\nelected, which did not call out the full vote.\\nThe year 1833 was of uncommon interest in the history of poli-\\ntics in this state, as in that campaign the Adams party almost\\nentirely disappeared from the political arena. Incredible as it may\\nseem, the party of John Quincy Adams, the lingering relic of Fed-\\neralism, received almost no votes that year. The party s candidate", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 223\\nfor governor, Arthur Livermore, one of the most noted jurists in the\\nstate and a man of unimpeachable character, only received three\\nthousand nine hundred and fifty-nine votes in the entire state, while\\nhis competitor, Samuel Dinsmore, received twenty-eight thousand\\ntwo hundred and seventy-seven. Dinsmore carried one hundred\\nand thirty-seven votes in Lancaster, and Francis Ferrin of Lancas-\\nter, one.\\nThe following year the vote for governor was almost unanimous.\\nWilliam Badger received one hundred and eleven out of one hun-\\ndred and thirteen cast in this town. Jared W. Williams was elected\\nto the state senate by a handsome majority, as was Richard Eastman\\nto the house of representatives. The Jacksonian Democracy was\\nnow dominant throughout the country. Devotion to Jackson s party\\nwas about synonynous with patriotism. Jackson had gotten his\\nopponents under his feet, and his party was following his example\\neverywhere.\\nWilliam Badger of Gilmanton was the Democratic candidate for\\ngovernor in 1834, and received one hundred and eleven votes in\\nLancaster, while Ichabod Bartlett could count but two. Badger s\\nvote in the s^ate was twenty-eight thousand five hundred and forty-\\ntwo, as against one thousand six hundred and thirty-one for Bartlett.\\nThese annual contests were often reversed in a measure, and it\\nhappened that in 1835 the Whig candidate carried away from his\\nDemocratic competitor many votes. Joseph Healey, Whig candi-\\ndate for governor, received about fifteen thousand votes in the state,\\nand seventy-one of them were cast for him in Lancaster, as against\\none hundred and twelve for Badger, the Democrat.\\nUntil this time New Hampshire had no party leader who was not\\nthe shadow of some politician of national prominence but there\\nwas coming the time when one of her own sons was destined to\\nbecome the controlling spirit in her political contests. That person-\\nality was Isaac Hill of Concord. Isaac Hill had been in Concord\\nas editor of the Amei ican Patriot since 1809; and now, after\\nmore than a quarter of a century of devoted service to politics, he\\nhad succeeded in moulding public opinion after the fashion of his\\nown mind. He was a man of decided convictions and tireless ener-\\ngies. He wrote with great force and clearness, carrying to others\\nthe sincere convictions that prompted him. Naturally, he had be-\\ncome the most influential politician in the state, and was destined\\nto be, henceforth, the controlling spirit of the Democratic party;\\nand so effectually did he dominate it that it was not long before the\\nterm Isaac Hill Democrat was as current as Jacksonian Demo-\\ncrat had been. The hero of New Orleans was eclipsed by the\\neditor of the Patriot in New Hampshire. Mr. Hill had been named\\nby President Jackson for a place in the treasury department in 1830,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "224 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbut the senate refused to confirm his nomination. Hill s next move\\nwas to secure his election to the United States senate, which he\\neasily accomplished.\\nIsaac Hill was master of the political situation in New Hampshire,\\nfor he had the most devoted support of such men as Pierce, Hibbard,\\nAtherton, and others of ability and prominence throughout the\\nstate. His will was supreme in the councils of his party; and when\\nhe planned one of those annual political contests it always went\\nas he directed. Success attended his leadership, and his friends\\nbecame evermore devoted to him. When he sought election as\\ngovernor in 1836, he carried everything before him. In Lancaster\\nhe received ninety-eight votes, while Joseph Healey, Whig, secured\\nbut one vote. More than one half of the voters did not vote that\\nyear, for Lancaster had nearly two hundred and thirty polls at the\\ntime. The Whigs, as the successors of the Federalists, were quite\\nnumerous in Lancaster but they lacked leadership to bring them\\ninto action against such an organized force as the Isaac Hill\\nDemocrats, with local leaders like Jared W. Williams and Maj.\\nJohn W. Weeks, and still others younger and more ardent than\\nthese.\\nIt is worthy of note, though not of any political or party signifi-\\ncance, that at this election a vote was called for the expediency of\\nerecting an asylum for the insane. The vote was seventy in favor\\nof the measure, with only eight against it in this town. Pretty\\nnearly the same unanimity was expressed by the towns of the state,\\nand the asylum was erected at Concord. There was no political or\\norganized effort made against this object. The votes cast against\\nit were simply such as are always cast against any public expendi-\\ntures by people too ignorant or selfish to appreciate, or discrimi-\\nnate in regard to such measures.\\nThe election of 1837 was even more perfectly dominated by the\\nHill party than that of the preceding year. The old governor\\nreceived every vote cast for that ofifice, unless the town clerk was\\nremiss in his duty of making proper record, for not a vote was\\nrecorded as cast for the Whig candidate. Isaac Hill received\\nninety-nine votes. Jared W. Williams was elected to congress with\\nno votes cast for his rival but strange as it may seem, Adino N.\\nBrackett, a Whig of pronounced opinions, was elected to the legis-\\nlature. This must be accounted for on the ground of his superior\\nfitness for that office which he had filled a number of terms to the\\nentire satisfaction of all persons regardless of party.\\nA time had now come when Lancaster was to become the scene\\nof hot party contest. The Whigs had been without local or state\\nleaders of any magnetism or ability to cope with so formidable a\\nrival as Isaac Hill and his cohorts. The Whig party was without a", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 225\\npress to advocate their doctrines. They now began to organize and\\nestablish newspapers for their dissemination. In Lancaster a com-\\npany of the most prominent Whigs was formed for the publication\\nof a newspaper, the White Monntain y^gis, published under the\\nfirm name of A. Perkins Co.\\nThe paper was edited by Apollos Perkins, and the composition\\nand press work were performed by himself and another young man\\nby the name of J. F. C. Hayes, a veteran of the Civil War, and a\\nresident at Groveton, where he died April 30, 1898. For a full ac-\\ncount of this paper the reader is referred to Chapter 11, Part II,\\nof this history. This paper was very ably edited. Its first issue\\nwas on Tuesday, May 22, 1838, in which the editor presented an\\naddress to his patrons, in which he set forth his aims to conduct a\\nthoroughly sound Whig newspaper, holding ever to the principles of\\nWashington and his compatriots. The editorials were very able, and\\nits influence in arousing the lethargic Whigs in Lancaster and other\\ntowns in Coos county can be seen in the first election held after the\\nlaunching of this new enterprise. The March meeting had been\\ncarried by the Isaac Hill party, for the old leader was still in his\\nprime, and not a follower of his had ever weakened under the per-\\nsuasions of the opposition.\\nLancaster gave Hill one hundred and thirty-two votes, and the\\nWhig candidate carried off one hundred and seventeen. This was\\npretty nearly the full vote of the town. Richard Eastman, Demo-\\ncrat, for representative received one hundred and seventy votes,\\nAdino N. Brackett, Whig, carried to his party one hundred and\\nnineteen votes, leaving three to be recorded as scattering. The\\ninfluence of the ^Sgis was to be seen in the election of 1839. It\\nhad aroused its party, and had succeeded in stirring the opposition\\ninto a fury. The old men of the Hill party led in council, but its\\nyoung men led in the open assaults upon the enemy in the cam-\\npaign. It was at this time that John S. Wells and Harry Hibbard\\nthrew themselves into the front ranks of the Democratic party and\\nmade themselves names as party champions of no small degree.\\nWells was a young lawyer of marked ability, and Hibbard was\\na law student of remarkable versatility and volubility of speech.\\nWells was the Hill party s candidate for representative against\\nRoyal Joyslin, a Whig and man of considerable influence in the\\ncommunity, one of the leading merchants of the town since 1825.\\nWells received the full party vote, and defeated Joyslin. Hibbard\\nhad been very active in the campaign, and the grim humor and\\nsarcasm of the leading men of that time suggested to them that\\nperhaps he had been a little too forward for one of his years, and\\none man promptly nominated him for hogreeve. The idea was\\nno sooner expressed than it was accomplished. Mr. Hibbard found\\n16", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "226 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nhimself an officer of the town to the merriment of his poHtical rivals.\\nThis was intended as a rebuke to him but he promptly announced\\nhis intention of faithfully filling the office even to the extent of\\ntaking up the biggest hog in town the first time he met him on\\nthe streets, meaning thereby the man who made the motion upon\\nwhich he had been elected to an office that carried with it some\\ndegree of stigma, especially to one who aspired to something higher.\\nHigher honors, however, were awaiting young Hibbard. At the\\nensuing session of the legislature he was made assistant clerk of the\\nhouse, a position he filled with much ease and dignity. In after\\nyears he became a prominent leader in his party, and a lawyer of\\ngreat repute. He was later member of congress, and candidate for\\nUnited States senator.\\nIn the presidential contest of 1840 political excitement ran high\\nin Lancaster. The national contest lay between Harrison and Van\\nBuren, men of marked ability as candidates. The campaign in Lan-\\ncaster, as elsewhere, was known as the hard cider campaign.\\nLancaster was much agitated over the contest. Enos Stevens, Whig\\ncandidate for governor, received ninety-nine votes, and John Page,\\nDemocrat, one hundred and forty-two. John S. Wells was again\\nelected representative by one hundred and twenty-eight votes.\\nDemocratic electors received one hundred and sixty-four votes,\\nwhile the Whigs carried as high as one hundred and thirty-six.\\nThis shows a marked growth of Whig sentiment in two years since\\nthey began to stir themselves for a better party organization. Much\\nof this gain must be credited to the White Mountain y^gis, which\\nwas now reaching nearly every family in town, and its influence\\nmust have been considerable as it tore the veil of political hypocrisy\\noff the leading questions of the day. So powerful had this new\\npaper become that the leaders of the Democratic party saw the im-\\nportance of establishing a rival paper, which they did by issuing the\\nfirst number of the Cods Democrat on Tuesday, September 11, 1838.\\nThe enterprise was promoted and backed by such leaders of the\\nparty as Maj. John W. Weeks, Jared W. Williams, and John S.\\nWells. The office of the paper was in the Wells building, now the\\nstore of E. R. Kent and the banking-rooms of the Lancaster Savings\\nBank and the Lancaster Trust Company on Main street. The edi-\\ntor of the new paper was James M. Rix, a young man of excellent\\nability and a devoted Democrat. He had associated with him in\\nthe enterprise as a partner J. R. Whittemore, w^ho was styled propri-\\netor and publisher. The editors of these rival papers, both young\\nmen of talent, were not disposed to handle each other s sayings with\\nmuch tenderness or considerateness. Their editorials were often\\nmore forcible than polite, but they served to deepen party spirit and\\nkeep alive the flames of partisan strife.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 22/\\nParty lines were beginning to break along a new line of cleavage\\nhitherto unknown in American politics. The Abolitionists were\\nmaking demands upon the political parties of the country, and as\\nthey were slow to recognize and favor their demands a new party\\nwas being called into the arena of political discussion and destined\\nto make its demands known at the polls. In the campaign of 1841,\\nthe Abolitionist party, the Free Soil party, first appeared. The\\nDemocratic party carried the state by a large majority. It received\\nover twenty-nine thousand votes, while Enos Stevens, the Whig can-\\ndidate, received twenty-one thousand, and Daniel Hoit, the Free\\nSoil candidate, received nearly three thousand votes in the state.\\nIn the Lancaster vote the results were John Page, Democrat,\\nreceived the usual majority. William Holkins, Free Soil candidate\\nfor governor, received five votes. John S. Wells and Royal JoysHn\\nwere the candidates for representative. Wells received one hundred\\nand twenty-five votes to Joyslin s one hundred and fifteen. So well\\nwas this election conducted that it shows every voter as voting.\\nThe Whigs were making a gain even in New Hampshire, dom-\\ninated as it was by the influence 6f Jackson and Isaac Hill. In\\nLancaster they were reducing the Democratic majorities every year.\\nIn the election of 1842, with three candidates for governor, Hub-\\nbard, Democrat, only received ninety-four votes. Anthony Colby,\\nWhig, received eighty-one, and John H. White, Independent Dem-\\nocrat, sixty-two. The records show no Abolitionist vote. John S.\\nWells was again elected to the legislature with a much-reduced\\nmajority. This quadrangular form of contest had tended to deepen\\nthe interest of all parties in the issues of the near future. It was\\nevident that with two Democratic parties and an Abolition party\\nin the field advantage must be to the Whigs. This gave them\\nfresh hopes of carrying the town and state at no distant day.\\nThe next year there were four candidates for governor Henry\\nHubbard, Democrat; Anthony Colby, Whig; John H. White,\\nIndependent Democrat; and Daniel Hoit, Free Soil. Hubbard led\\nwith ninety-four votes Colby followed next with eighty-one\\nWhite was third on the list with sixty-two and Hoit had but four\\nthis year. There could be no choice made for representative, and\\nthe town was not represented at the June session of the legislature\\nof that year. The split in the Democratic ranks had left them no\\nstronger than the Whigs. The campaign of 1844, with Henry Clay\\nas the Whig candidate for president, stimulated the Whigs to\\nrenewed energy and effort to win the contest. With them it was a\\nforegone conclusion that Clay would be elected, and the hope\\ninspired the Whigs of Lancaster to put forth their best efforts to\\nride into power on the high tide of popular interest in the party s\\npresidential candidate. There were the four candidates for governor", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "22 8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nas on two previous years. John H. White, a resident of Lancaster,\\nwas the standard-bearer of the Independent Democrats Anthony\\nColby, the Whig representative; John H. Steele, Democrat; and\\nDaniel Hoit, Free Soiler. In the state Steele received a small\\nmajority, while White received nearly two thousand votes. The\\nWhigs polled fifteen thousand, and the Free Soilers nearly six thou-\\nsand votes. In the town meeting there was great excitement. The\\nscale had turned. The Whigs were coming to the front. So easily\\nwere they carrying the day that they brought forth for representa-\\ntive William D. Weeks, a young man only twenty-six years of age,\\nwho received one hundred and twenty-five votes as a Whig. Amos\\nLeGro, Democrat, received but ninety-six, John H. Spaulding had\\nten votes, and John Aspenwall, five. Col. Ephraim Cross of Lan-\\ncaster received one hundred and twenty-four votes for state senator,\\nas against one hundred and thirty-five for all other candidates. He\\nwas a well-known Democrat, but being a citizen of Lancaster and a\\nman much esteemed by all his neighbors he received many compli-\\nmentary votes from other parties and factions.\\nIn the November election of that year the Democrats again car-\\nried the town for their electors for president, receiving as many as\\none hundred and sixty votes. The Whig candidates received one\\nhundred and thirteen, and the Free Soil party eighteen votes. This\\nturn of the vote from that of the March meeting was a great sur-\\nprise and disappointment to the Whigs.\\nAt that election two state measures were voted upon. The ques-\\ntion of calling a constitutional convention for the revision of the\\nconstitution of the state was one, and it was negatived by nearly the\\nentire number of votes cast. The other question was upon abolish-\\ning capital punishment. This was likewise voted against by two\\nhundred and two votes to ninety in favor of its abolishment.\\nLancaster has always held human life in sacred esteem, and at no\\ntime has public sentiment been in favor of dealing lightly with him\\nwho would ruthlessly destroy the life of his neighbor nor is this\\nsentiment tempered with cruelty. The citizens of the town have\\nalways been noted for their humanity. They are bold and fear-\\nless in criticism of one another, but they never have been fighters\\namong themselves. Their political and other contests have often\\nbeen bitter, but no man ever lifted his hand against his neighbor in\\nmortal combat.\\nThe annual election of 1845 presents no severe contest. There\\nwere three parties in the field with their candidates for governor.\\nThe Democrats presented Governor Steele again. He received one\\nhundred and fifty-three votes. Anthony Colby, the Whig candi-\\ndate, received ninety-one, and Daniel Hoit, Free Soiler, twenty-four.\\nThe Free Soil party had made a gain of six in a year. The Abo-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 229\\nlition sentiment was destined to grow in Lancaster, though it had\\narrayed against it two strong competitors. At that election Harvey\\nAdams, a Democrat, was elected representative, and Col. Ephraim\\nCross was reelected to the state senate.\\nThe following year politics grew more interesting for Lancaster\\npeople. It had become apparent that the Democratic party was\\nliable to a defeat in 1846. Some anxiety was felt by its leaders\\nin town as to who could carry the state against the growing Whig\\nparty. Jared W. Williams put the question to Maj. John W. Weeks,\\nwhom the party had better bring forward as a candidate for gov-\\nernor at the election of that year? The Major replied, Be\\ngovernor yourself. That was the first intimation of such a possi-\\nbility for Williams. Thinking the matter over seriously, however,\\nhe threw himself into the field and secured the party s endorsement\\nof himself as candidate for governor. Excitement in Lancaster\\nran high over the candidacy of Williams. He carried a heavy vote\\nin his own town, receiving one hundred and ninety-eight. Colby,\\nthe Whig candidate, who was elected by the legislature, received\\nonly sixty-nine votes. The Free Soil candidate, Nathaniel S. Berry,\\nsecured twenty-eight votes, an increase of four over the previous\\nyear. Harvey Adams was again elected representative by the usual\\nvote.\\nMr. Williams was not elected but the next year, not discouraged\\nby his defeat, he tried the question over, and this time secured a\\nmajority. He received only one hundred and eighty-five votes this\\nyear, which was twelve less than the previous year. Colby and\\nN. S. Berry ran again as candidates of the Whig and Free Soil parties.\\nTheir combined votes did not exceed one hundred and twenty.\\nIt was at this election that James M. Rix, for nine years the able\\nand successful editor of the Cods Democrat, entered the political\\narena as a candidate. He was chosen representative by a good\\nmajority. Mr. Rix was an able and a bold local leader, and did\\nmuch to mold opinion in this section of the state. He was honest,\\nimpetuous, and often irritable in speech and action, a merciless\\ncritic of his political opponents. He was a patriotic citizen, and\\nhis party had unbounded confidence in him. He was reelected to\\nthe legislature the following year. At this election of 1848, Gov-\\nernor Williams was reelected by a slender majority over Nathaniel\\nS. Berry, Free Soil candidate. Williams received 32,245 votes in\\nthe state, and Berry, 28,829. There were 468 set down as scat-\\ntering. The Whigs had no candidate that year, which left the\\ncontest between the Democrats and Free Soilers. Lancaster gave\\nWilliams one hundred and ninety-two votes, and Berry one hundred\\nand six. In Lancaster, as throughout the state, the majority of the\\nWhigs voted with the Free Soil party when they had no candidate", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "230 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nof their own. This was, no doubt, an ominous sign to the Demo-\\ncrats, who could not but see in it a fate awaiting them. Again, in\\nin 1849, there were three candidates for governor. The Democrats\\nbrought forward Samuel Dinsmore, Jr., who received 30,107 votes\\nagainst 18,764 for Levi Chamberlain, Whig, and 7,045 for Berry,\\nFree Soil candidate. In Lancaster, Dinsmore received one hundred\\nand eighty-two votes Chamberlain, eighty-four, and Berry, twenty-\\neight. The vote had fallen back to the old party limits of several\\nyears before. At this election, Benjamin F. Whidden was elected to\\nthe legislature as a Democrat. Mr. Whidden later left the party and\\nunited with the Republican party, as many other Democrats did.\\nMr. Whidden was reelected the next year. He was again chosen\\nrepresentative in 1867. He held other offices; he was solicitor for\\nCoos county, judge of probate, and held an appointment under the\\nnational government as first minister to the republic of Hayti.\\nPolitics had become very much disturbed about 1850. The Abo-\\nlitionists, arising as a party in 1844, were not a strong party in\\nLancaster but they were persistent. There was here a station of\\ntheir underground railroad for helping runaway negroes into\\nCanada. The original members of the party were from the old\\nWhig party, and there was a hope that the entire Whig party would\\nespouse their cause, which hope was later realized. The Demo-\\ncratic party had already split in two, the come-outers styling them-\\nselves Independent Democrats, and John H. White, a Lancaster\\nman, had been their candidate for governor in 1842 and 1844.\\nThe candidates for governor in 1850 were Samuel Dinsmore, Jr.,\\nDemocrat, Levi Chamberlain, Whig, and Nathaniel S. Berry, Free\\nSoil. Dinsmore received the usual heavy vote of the party, one hun-\\ndred and ninety-one. The Whigs cast ninety-six votes for Chamber-\\nlain, and Berry only got twenty-three. The vote had stood stubbornly\\nat about these figures for some years, showing a firm determination\\non the part of the voters to hold their ground against any change\\nthat might be lurking in the near future, so full of threatening possi-\\nbilities.\\nThis year there was a special election called in October to choose\\ndelegates to a constitutional convention at Concord, on the sixth of\\nNovember. John H. White, a Democrat of independent proclivi-\\nties, was sent as delegate from Lancaster. His choice was one\\nagreeable to all parties, as he was not an extreme party man.\\nThe next year was one of uncommon political activity and inter-\\nest, and 1 85 I went down on the page of New Hampshire s history\\nas its most remarkable campaign. The Democratic convention\\nnominated that year the Rev. John Atwood, of New Boston, for\\ngovernor. No sooner was he in the field than he was interviewed\\nand written to on the slavery question. He soon became entangled", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 23 1\\nin the position he took on the question, and drew down upon him-\\nself a vast amount of hostile criticism, even from his own party, as\\nhis sympathies carried him in the direction of the Free Soil party s\\nposition, Mr. Rix, editor of the Cods Democrat, was pronounced\\nin his opposition to him. Others discussed the question of a min-\\nister entering the political field, and very many silly things were said\\nthat marked his critics as being either ignorant or hypocritical. The\\nfeeling was so bitter against Mr. Atwood that the party reconvened\\nthe convention and dropped Mr. Atwood from the ticket, substitut-\\ning for him Samuel Dinsmore, Jr., who had twice been elected.\\nResolutions were passed severely condemning Mr. Atwood. Hav-\\ning been soundly berated by the Democrats as being a Free\\nSoiler, Mr. Atwood was taken up by that party on the eve of the\\nelection, and made its candidate for governor. The hostility of the\\nCoos Democrat to him, evidently based upon the supposition that\\nhe was in sympathy with the Abolitionist people, but veiled under\\nthe popular feeling, based wholly on ignorance, that a minister has\\nno political rights, led many Democrats and Whigs to his support.\\nThe excitement ran high in Lancaster; so that when the election\\ncame, Mr. Atwood received one hundred and twenty-five votes.\\nSamuel Dinsmore, Democrat, received only eighty-nine. Thomas\\nE. Sawyer, Whig, received eighty-two, and Joel Eastman, not a reg-\\nular candidate, one. The vote of Lancaster was similar to that of\\nthe state at large, Atwood received 12,049 votes; Dinsmore, 27,-\\n425; Sawyer, 18,458. The Whig vote had fallen seventy-four be-\\nlow that of 1850 in the state; the Democrats had lost 3,326, and\\nthe Free Soil party had gained 5,577 in the state, Lancaster was\\nthus in line with the state in the reversion of its votes.\\nNo candidate that year could command a majority for the legis-\\nlature, and the town was not represented at the June session, James\\nM, Rix was his party s candidate for the state senate that year, and\\nwas not elected by the popular vote and Joseph Pitman of Bartlett\\nwas chosen by the legislature. His own town gave him only a plural-\\nity of one. His vote was one hundred and three, while Isaac Abbott\\nof Littleton received only one less than Rix, and Pitman eighty-nine.\\nLyman Blandin received fifteen votes, Rix had overdone his as-\\nsault on Atwood, and had turned many of his friends from his sup-\\nport. The people had said by their votes that the minister, no more\\nthan the lawyer, physician, merchant, or farmer, should be ruled\\nout of public service, Rix s defeat was simply a party bolt among\\nDemocrats,\\nThe election of the following year shows different results, Mr,\\nAtwood was again the Free Soil party s candidate for governor, and\\nreceived but one hundred and three votes. Sawyer, Whig, received\\nthe same number that Atwood did; and Thomas E, Martin, Demo-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "232 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ncrat, one hundred and four. There was one vote each for Joel East-\\nman and Lewis Cass, who were not regular candidates. At this\\nelection Mr. Rix again came forward as his party s candidate for\\nthe state senate, and was this time successful by a small majority.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt was chosen representative.\\nThe election of 1853 is an important one as marking the turning\\nof some of the old leaders to the Free Soil party. Among that\\nclass was John H. White, who this year was the Free Soil can-\\ndidate for governor. He received only thirty-four votes in his own\\ntown, but a fair vote in the state. Governor Martin was again a\\ncandidate, and received one hundred and forty votes. James Bell,\\nWhig, received one hundred and twelve. James M. Rix was again\\nelected to the senate, and this year was president of that body.\\nThe Kansas-Nebraska trouble was now at its height, and in Lan-\\ncaster there was much sympathy felt for the Free Soil party. A\\ncontribution of clothing and other things had been collected here\\nand forwarded to the sufferers in that struggle against the en-\\ncroachments of the slave power. Staunch Whigs- took a lively inter-\\nest in the matter. The state was drifting away from her Democratic\\nmoorings. In Lancaster the excitement was deepening every year.\\nNathaniel B. Baker, Democrat, received one hundred and one votes\\nfor governor; James Bell, Whig, got one hundred and six Jared Per-\\nkins, Free Soiler, one hundred and twenty-eight. On the other\\ncandidates the vote was divided more evenly, due wholly to local\\ncauses. It was this year that Jacob Benton entered the political\\narena as a Whig candidate for the legislature. He was elected,\\nreceiving one hundred and forty votes. John W. Lovejoy and\\nWilliam Burns, the latter a Democrat, received something over fifty\\nvotes each for the same ofifice.\\nLancaster was much affected by the changes that were now going\\non throughout the country. The Know Nothing party, a secret po-\\nlitical clan, was organized here. It had a hall, where it held its\\nsecret sessions, in a carriage-shop standing where the stable of\\nthe Van Dyke residence now is. The building was later moved to\\nthe corner of High and Summer streets, and is now owned by\\nWheelock H. Little. Here a little band met in the upper story to\\ndo, nobody knows just what. The rancor of the movement was\\ndirected, however, against foreign born citizens holding office. The\\norganization contributed somewhat to intensify the excitement and\\nfeeling then prevailing, and continued two years. There is quite\\nan exaggerated tradition still afloat of how Editor Rix got an\\nobserver, said to have been William H. Smith, to unite with the\\nsociety and get its secrets for him to make a grand exposure of the\\nparty but when sifted, it turns out to be of no importance what-\\never. The new party did, however, rally together 32,769 votes for", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 233\\nRalph Metcalf in 1855, by which he was elected governor. He re-\\nceived two hundred and sixty votes in Lancaster, the largest vote\\never, up to that date, given any candidate for that office. Governor\\nBaker, Democrat, only received ninety-four; Asa Fowler, Free Soil,\\nfive James Bell, Whig, fifteen. Jacob Benton and Edmund Brown,\\nKnow Nothing candidates for representatives, received the same vote\\nthat Metcalf did. This was the first year that Lancaster was entitled\\nto two representatives in the legislature. Benton had dominated the\\nWhig party the year before, and now had carried it over to the new\\nparty of Know Nothings, called at this time the American party,\\nand Edmund Brown was a Free Soil leader.\\nThe spring election of 1856 was one of great excitement, and\\nmarks the beginning of a change destined to deepen the feel-\\nings of jealousy between the factions now coming together to form\\na new party against the Democrats. This was the last election in\\nwhich the Whig party appeared under that name, as was also the\\ncase with the new American party and the Free Soil party. Daniel\\nA. Bowe had started the Coos Republican as an anti-Nebaska or-\\ngan in Lancaster, a newspaper destined to wield a large influence in\\nthe town in the years to come. The Republican party was be-\\ning organized throughout the country in January of that year, though\\nold party names were still recognized in the March meeting in Lan-\\ncaster. The new party was not named in the town records until the\\nNovember election of that year.\\nOn January 30, 1856, a convention was held at the town hall to\\norganize for action against the Democratic party. This convention\\nwas for the whole of Coos county. Among the Lancaster men who\\ntook an active part in its deliberations and actions were E. F. East-\\nman, B. F. Whidden, Jacob Benton, John H. White, William R.\\nStockwell, Edmund Brown, John M. Whipple, Daniel A. Bowe, and\\nA. L. Robinson. These were appointed a committee for the town\\nof Lancaster, to organize the party. Other committees were ap-\\npointed for other towns in the county.\\nSeth Savage was chairman of this convention William R. Joyslin,\\nsecretary. The secretaries of the permanent organization were B. B.\\nOckington and O. M. Twitchell. Some eight resolutions were\\npassed against slavery and its extension, the repeal of the Missouri\\nCompromise, sectionalism, armed invasion of Missouri and Kansas,\\nthe national administration, endorsing the action of New Hampshire s\\nrepresentatives in congress relative to the election of speaker, and\\nother measures.\\nThe first Republican town caucus was held Jan. 26, 1856, John\\nH. White, chairman Henry O. Kent, secretary.\\nDelegates to Connty Convention. B. F. Whidden, S. W. Cooper,\\nCharles Plaisted, and Seth Savage.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "234 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nDelegates to State Convention. J. Benton, S. W. Cooper, W.\\nR. Stockwell, J. M. Whipple, and D. A. Bowe.\\nAt the March election Ichabod Goodwin, Whig, received for gov-\\nernor but four votes John S. Wells, Democrat, one hundred and\\nthree votes; Governor Metcalf, American or Republican, two hun-\\ndred and sixty-one votes. The only Democrat that received any\\nfavor at the hands of Lancaster was William Burns, one of the best\\ncitizens of the town. He was elected state senator by a good ma-\\njority in the 12th District, and was reelected the following year.\\nAt the November election the fight was between the new Repub-\\nlican party and the Democrats, destined to be the two parties of im-\\nportance in the country for many a year to come. The Republican\\nelectors each received three hundred and one votes, while the\\nBuchanan or Democratic electors, only received one hundred and\\nthirty-six each. The tide had now turned. The Whigs and Free\\nSoilers had united forces against the old Democratic party. There\\nwas not perfect harmony between these two wings of the new party.\\nStill some lingering relics of the old strifes of the past lurked in\\nthem.\\nAmong the Independent Democrats, or Free Soilers, were such\\nmen as John H. White, Edwin F. Eastman, Edmund Brown, Samuel\\nH. LeGro, George A. Cossitt, and others. Jacob Benton, as we\\nhave said, was the dominant leader of the Whig contingent of the\\nnew party. His associates were Royal Joyslin, William D. Spauld-\\ning, Richard P. Kent, Horace Whitcomb, Turner Stephenson, and\\nother younger men. The leading Democrats were James M. Rix,\\nGeorge C. Williams, James W. Weeks, William Burns, William\\nHeywood, A. J. Marshall, and J. A. Smith, with a considerable fol-\\nlowing of younger men.\\nThe Republican party, as the champion of the anti-slavery senti-\\nment, now rapidly growing more popular and powerful every day,\\ngathered to its support many young men of activity in Lancaster.\\nThey formed a semi-military company known by the name of\\nWide Awakes, under Henry O. Kent as captain who had served\\nas assistant clerk of the lower house of the legislature in 1855-56,\\nand who later was chief clerk of the house in i857- 59, and Ossian\\nRay as lieutenant. This band did much to arouse interest in the\\nnew party. Their opponents tried to ridicule them into oblivion by\\ncasting reproaches upon their youthful ages but their tin horns\\nwere blown even more lustily; they sang patriotic songs, and\\nmarched in uniforms and with flying banners to no little advantage\\nto their party.\\nOn December 20, 1856, a Republican club was organized in Lan-\\ncaster, with Benjamin F. Whidden, president. The vice-presidents\\nwere Jacob Benton, Edmund Brown, Albro L. Robinson, Charles", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 235\\nPlaisted, and Thomas S. Hodgdon. Henry O. Kent, corresponding\\nsecretary William A. White, recording secretary. Executive com-\\nmittee Oliver Nutter, David B. Allison, Samuel F. Spaulding,\\nRobert Sawyer, James S. Brackett, and Chapin C. Brooks. This\\nclub was an active body in the local campaigns, and did much to\\ndevelop the phenomenal strength of the new party.\\nThe March meeting of 1857 saw the two parties. Democrat and\\nRepublican, squarely arrayed against each other in their first local\\ncontest. The candidates for governor that election were John S.\\nWells, one of the most prominent Democrats in the state, and Wil-\\nliam Haile, Republican, a manufacturer new to politics. Haile re-\\nceived two hundred and eighty-one votes, and Wells one hundred\\nand thirty-seven. Haile was elected. He was again his party s\\ncandidate in 1858, and elected again. He received in Lancaster\\ntwo hundred and ninety-eight votes, while Asa P. Gate, Democrat,\\nonly received one hundred and sixteen. The new party gained\\nthe balance of power in town, and for some years held an even\\nvote on almost all important offices. In the contest of 1859, the\\nRepublican vote numbered two hundred and ninety-four for governor;\\nthe Democrats secured one hundred and twenty-eight for Mr. Gate.\\nGeorge G. Williams, recently a Democrat, was sent to the legisla-\\nture as colleague of Seth Savage, Republican.\\nFrom 1 86 1 to 1872 division and conflict existed within the domi-\\nnant party, entailing important consequences. In the latter year a\\nlarge and influential section, acting at first as independent, or lib-\\neral Republicans, with others of like mind, perfected a state organ-\\nization, and in November sustained a joint electoral ticket, with the\\nDemocrats for Greeley and Brown, running a complete state and\\ncongressional ticket at the March election of 1873, and formally\\nuniting with the Democracy on a common platform and ticket in\\nMarch, 1874.\\nAs the movement involved state and national politics, it is con-\\nsidered here no farther than to refer to local candidates and results.\\nIn 1 86 1 was one of the hottest contests in the March meeting\\never seen in town. Moody P. Marshall and Henry O. Kent were\\nthe Republican nominees for representatives, but a third Republican\\ncandidate was run. After two full days balloting there was no\\nchoice, and the town was unrepresented in the legislature.\\nThe candidates for governor were Nathaniel S. Berry, the old\\nFree Soil leader, Republican, who received two hundred and ninety-\\nfive votes, and Gen. George Stark, descendant of the Revolutionary\\nhero. Democrat, who received one hundred and thirty-nine votes.\\nIn 1862 the contest was intensified by discussion of the issues of\\nthe great Givil War then in progress. Governor Berry was again,\\nthe candidate with two hundred and eighty-six votes to one hundred", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "236 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nand nine for General Stark. Paul J. Wheeler of Newport, who ran\\nas a War Democrat, received twenty-five votes.\\nThe Republican nominees for representatives were again Messrs.\\nMarshall and Kent, and they were elected, there being but thirty-two\\nRepublican votes in opposition.\\nThe campaign of 1863 saw three state tickets, headed respectively\\nby Joseph A. Gilmore (superintendent Concord railroad), Repub-\\nlican, ex-Judge Ira A. Eastman, late of the supreme bench, Demo-\\ncrat, and Walter Harriman (afterward colonel, and brigadier-general\\nof volunteers), War Democrat. Gilmore had two hundred and\\nninety-eight votes, Eastman, one hundred and twenty-five, Harri-\\nman, two.\\nMoody P. Marshall and Samuel H. LeGro, Republicans, were\\nchosen representatives by the usual party majority.\\nIn 1864 Governor Gilmore was again the Republican candidate\\nwith three hundred and four votes, and Edward W. Harrington of\\nManchester, Democrat, with one hundred and tw^enty-three votes.\\nSamuel H. LeGro and Dr. James D. Folsom, Republicans, were\\nelected representatives by the usual majorities.\\nIn 1865 Frederick Smyth and Edward W. Harrington, both of\\nManchester, were respectively the Republican and Democratic\\ngubernatorial nominees, each polling the regulation party strength.\\nOssian Ray and Edward Spaulding were the Republican nomi-\\nnees for the legislature, but William F. Smith, also a Republican,\\nw^as run, and William F. Smith and Edward Spaulding were\\nelected.\\nIn 1866 Governor Smyth was the Republican nominee, with three\\nhundred and six votes, and John G. Sinclair, the Democratic nom-\\ninee, with one hundred and thirty-three votes.\\nAfter two days balloting for representatives the town voted not\\nto send.\\nIn 1867 there was a bitter contest for governor throughout the\\nstate between Walter Harriman and John G. Sinclair. In Lancas-\\nter Harriman had three hundred and twenty-three votes, and Sin-\\nclair, one hundred and forty-two votes.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden and Charles Plaisted, Republicans, were\\nelected to the legislature. Jacob Benton was the nominee of the\\nRepublicans for congress, and Ossian Ray for the state senate.\\nIn 1868 Harriman received three hundred and sixteen votes for\\ngovernor, and John G. Sinclair, two hundred and two votes.\\nA successful effort was made by the Republicans to unite the\\nparty on representatives, and Henry O. Kent and Ossian Ray were\\nnominated. Both were voted for on one and the same ballot, in-\\ngeniousl}^ arranged like this", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 237\\nHENRY O. KENT.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0AVH NVISSO\\nSO that by turning the ballot from right to left, or left to right, would\\nbring the name of the particular friend of any Republican voter on\\ntop.\\nThe candidates received the full party vote and were elected.\\nAt the presidential election in November the Grant electors re-\\nceived three hundred and fifty votes, and the Democratic electors,\\none hundred and fifty.\\nIn 1869, Onslow Stearns, Republican, superintendent of the\\nNorthern railroad, received three hundred and twenty-nine votes,\\nand Gen. John Bedell of Bath, one hundred and fifty-three votes.\\nHenry O. Kent and Ossian Ray were again representatives as\\nbefore. Dr. John W. Barney of Lancaster, Democrat, was state sen-\\nator, and Josiah H. Benton, Jr., of Lancaster, assistant clerk of the\\nhouse.\\nThe town had great weight and influence in the legislatures of\\n1868 and 1869. The former year. Colonel Kent was chairman of\\nthe committee on railroads, and Mr. Ray, chairman of the commit-\\ntee on elections. In 1869 Mr. Ray was chairman of the judiciary\\ncommittee, and Colonel Kent chairman of the finance committee.\\nThese four committees largely shape legislation. Important\\nschemes for railway development were pending, and as the outcome\\nof the work of the sessions, the Concord Montreal railroad was\\nextended north from Littleton in 1869, reaching Lancaster in Octo-\\nber, 1870, and the Grand Trunk a year later. A new court-house\\nat Lancaster was secured by vote of the delegation, and important\\nchanges in the statutes were considered and determined, em-\\nbracing the application of the election laws to contested cases.\\nIn 1870 the Temperance party and the Labor Reform party were\\norganized in the state. The Labor Reform people held meetings\\nFeb. 28, 1870, addressed by John G. Crawford, who came to Lan-\\ncaster from Michigan in 1869, and who now resides in Manchester,\\nand March 2 by Mr. Hayward of Worcester, Mass.\\nLancaster politics were unsettled and there were four candidates\\nfor governor; Governor Stearns had two hundred and thirty-five\\nvotes, John Bedel one hundred and twenty-seven votes, Samuel\\nFlint of Lyme, Labor Reform, seventy-two votes, and Lorenzo Bar-\\nrows, Prohibitionist, fifty-three votes.\\nThere was no choice of representative this year by reason of\\nexisting causes and this quadrangular gubernatorial contest.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "238 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe campaign of 1871 was a critical one in the state, and Lancas-\\nter was affected by the peculiar features of the contest.\\nRev. James Pike of Newmarket, a Methodist clergyman and\\nformer presiding elder, late colonel i6th N. H. V., and member of\\ncongress, was the Republican gubernatorial nominee with two hun-\\ndred and fifty-seven votes, James A. Weston, ex-mayor of Man-\\nchester, Democrat, one hundred and ninety-six votes, while Lemuel\\nP. Cooper of Croydon, Labor Reform, and Albert G. Corning, Pro-\\nhibitionist, had between them and a Mr. Walker, not a regular\\nnominee, twenty-one votes.\\nNo candidate had a majority of the popular vote and the election\\ngoing to the legislature, Weston was elected, the first Democrat to\\nbe governor since Nathaniel B. Baker in 1854.\\nA union betvv^een Democrats and a portion of the Republicans\\nelected James LeGro, a former Republican, and Benjamin F. Hunk-\\ning. Democrat, representatives, and so close was the house of rep-\\nresentatives, that this delegation held the balance of power, electing\\nWilliam H. Gove, of Weare, speaker, and aiding to so fill the sena-\\ntorial vacancies in convention, as to make James A. Weston gov-\\nernor.\\nIn 1872 Governor Weston received two hundred and thirty-nine\\nvotes for governor, and Ezekiel A. Straw, of Manchester, the Repub-\\nlican nominee, two hundred and ninety-nine votes, while thirty votes\\nwere divided between Lemuel P. Cooper, Labor Reform, and John\\nBlackmer, Temperance candidates.\\nJohn W. Spaulding and Seneca B. Congdon, Republicans, were\\nelected representatives.\\nThe Liberal Republican party was this year organized in state\\nand nation, the national convention being holden at Cincinnati,\\nwhere Horace Greeley, the great editor, and ex-Gov. B. Gratz\\nBrown, of Missouri, were selected as candidates for president and\\nvice-president.\\nHenry O. Kent was a delegate at large to this convention, mem-\\nber of the national committee, and chairman of the state committee,\\nacting with Hon. John G. Sinclair, chairman of the Democratic state\\ncommittee, in the management of the joint campaign, after the na-\\ntional Democracy had endorsed the Cincinnati candidates, and a\\njoint state electoral ticket had been nominated in separate state con-\\nventions of the Democratic and Liberal Republican parties.\\nGrant and Colfax was the Republican national ticket nominated\\nin the national convention at Philadelphia to which Ossian Ray was\\na delegate at large.\\nMr. Greeley was the guest of Henry O. Kent at Lancaster,\\nAugust 12, 1872, and then addressed a great concourse from the\\nporch of the Lancaster House. A mass meeting was organized in the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "IIOKACK (;i KKI.EV IX LANCASTER, 187:", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 239\\nLancaster House grounds, William Burns, chairman, addressed by\\nHon. J. R. Doolittle of Wisconsin, and other distinguished leaders.\\nAt the November election the Grant electoral ticket had three\\nhundred and four votes, and the Greeley ticket, two hundred and\\nfifty-four.\\nIn 1873 the Liberal Republicans held a state convention, placing\\na full state and local ticket in the field. Samuel K. Mason, a law-\\nyer of Bristol, was the nominee for governor. The old parties had\\nthe same candidates as before. Governor Straw polling two hundred\\nand seventy votes, ex-Governor Weston, one hundred and ninety-\\ntwo votes, Blackmer, fifty votes, and Mason, forty-six votes.\\nJohn W. Spaulding and Seneca B. Congdon were again elected\\nrepresentatives by the Republicans.\\nIn 1874 General Luther McCutchins of New London, a well-\\nknown farmer, was nominated for governor by the Republicans.\\nThe Democrats and Liberal Republicans held state conventions at\\nConcord on the same day, and through a committee of conference\\nunited upon a common platform and candidate, ex-Governor Wes-\\nton. Mr. Blackmer was again the Prohibition nominee. The\\nunion between Democrats and Liberal Republicans consolidating\\nvotes was successful Governor Weston being elected by a ma-\\njority of 1,465. The vote of Lancaster was McCutchins, two hun-\\ndred and sixty-nine Weston, two hundred and sixty-three Black-\\nmer, twenty.\\nGeorge S. Stockwell and Edward Savage, nominees of the Demo-\\ncratic-Republican party, were elected representatives.\\nIt was the policy of the party thus formed to place as nominees\\non its ticket men whose antecedents were of both the former parties.\\nIn accordance with this policy, Hiram Roberts of Farmington( Dem-\\nocrat) was in 1875 nominated for governor, and Henry O. Kent of\\nLancaster (Liberal Republican) was nominated for congress in the\\nthird district. Person C. Cheney of Manchester was the Republican\\ncandidate for governor, and Nathaniel White of Concord the Pro-\\nhibition candidate. Col. Henry W. Blair of Plymouth was Repub-\\nlican nominee for congress in the third district.\\nThe canvass was a very heated one. Cheney and Blair were\\nelected. In Lancaster the gubernatorial vote was Cheney, three\\nhundred and thirteen Roberts, two hundred and ninety-three, and\\na small vote for White.\\nColonel Kent was defeated by a small majority and plurality, run-\\nning ahead of his ticket particularly in Coos county and Lancaster.\\nHe ran again in 1877, against Colonel Blair, and in 1878 against\\nMajor Evarts W. Farr, the latter being the first biennial election in\\nthe state, at each test running largely ahead of his ticket and espe-\\ncially in his home county and town.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "240 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJohn E. Dimmick and James McCarten, Republicans, were\\nelected representatives by a strict party vote.\\nThe year 1876 was noted for political feeling and fervor. Gov-\\nernor Cheney was the Republican candidate for governor, with three\\nhundred and twenty-nine votes. Capt. Daniel Marcy, of Ports-\\nmouth, a retired sea captain and former member of congress, was\\nthe Democratic candidate with three hundred votes, while Asa Ken-\\ndall, Prohibitionist, had fourteen votes.\\nDimmick and McCarten were again elected representatives.\\nIn November the Hayes electors received three hundred and\\ntwenty-nine votes, the Tilden electors two hundred and ninety-six\\nvotes, and there were sixteen scattering.\\nAlthough William Clough, Francis Kellum, James W. Weeks,\\nSamuel H. LeGro, and other Democrats had been elected select-\\nmen at times since 1861, it was not until 1877 that the town ofifices\\ngenerally, were filled by Democrats.\\nBenjamin F. Prescott of Epping was in 1877 Republican candi-\\ndate for governor with three hundred and six votes, while Daniel\\nMarcy, Democrat, had three hundred and fourteen, and there were\\ntwenty-nine scattering.\\nGeorge S. Stockwell and Francis Kellum, Democrats, were elected\\nrepresentatives.\\nThe congressional vote was contested in a spirited manner by Col,\\nHenry O. Kent, Democrat, and Col. Henry W. Blair, Republican.\\nLancaster gave Blair two hundred and seventy-six votes, and Kent\\nthree hundred and fifty-eight, with sixteen returned as scattering.\\nThe election of 1878 was the first held under the new constitu-\\ntion which provided for biennial elections. A constitutional con-\\nvention had been called in 1876, and framed the fourth constitution\\nof the state. The late Hons. William Burns and Jacob Benton\\nwere the delegates from Lancaster to that convention.\\nThe ticket was a compromise one representing both parties. Mr.\\nBurns had been his party s candidate for congress in 1859, 1861,\\nand 1863, in the old Third district, always carrying a large vote,\\nbut failing of election by small majorities. Hon. Jacob Benton\\nhad been the successful Republican candidate for congress in 1867\\nand 1869.\\nThis new order of things, with no state election in March and a\\nNovember election every two years, was not calculated to lessen\\npolitical agitation, but rather to increase it. It gave more time for\\norganization and the selection of candidates. Much interest was felt\\nin the November election under the new constitution. The Republi-\\ncan candidate for governor was Gen. Natt Head, who received two\\nhundred and t\\\\venty-eight votes in Lancaster, to three hundred and\\ntwenty-two for Frank A. McKean, Democrat. Asa S. Kendall was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 24 1\\nagain the Prohibition party candidate, but no votes are recorded to\\nhis credit. Warren G. Brown of Whitefield, candidate of the new\\nGreenback party, received ninety-nine votes. His entire vote in\\nthe state was 6,407. That party had an organization here, havincr\\nmet on Feb. 27, 1878. The leading men were: L. F Moore Zeb\\nTwitchell, A. R. Tinkham, D. C. Pinkham, J. G. Crawford, D A\\nNevers, and George W. Garland. It cast a decreasing vote in the\\nstate for about six j^ears, when it passed from the arena.\\nAt this f^rst biennial election Jared I. Williams and William\\nClough, Democrats, were elected representatives. Mr. Williams,\\nlike Mr. Kellum, who was representative in 1877, was a Catholic\\nand held his seat in the house while the constitution prohibited\\nCatholics from holding that ofifice. Whatever was said about the\\nmatter was in undertones, as the people of the state were heartily\\nashamed of the sectarian exclusion of a growing class of good citi-\\nzens but it was not until 1889 that the last vestige of that intoler-\\nance was expunged from the constitution although it had been a\\ndead letter for many years. The toleration act of seventy years\\nbefore was only a half-way measure it left the state a Protestant\\nChristian institution. The Catholic and Jew, no matter how good a\\ncitizen he was, or how much taxes he paid, was not allowed to parti-\\ncipate in the affairs of state. He was not a party to self-o-overn-\\nment. He had a Protestant, Christian guardian appointed fSr him\\nknown as the state of New Hampshire. This lingering relic of the\\nbarbarous Middle Ages has finally passed away, and every intelli-\\ngent citizen IS proud of the fact. The good sense of the commu-\\nnity, and Its political practices in Lancaster were an age in advance\\nof the constitution of the state and there was no valid ground for\\nsectarian prejudice against that particular sect. The fact is that no\\nman was excluded from full participation in the action of any\\nparty and emoluments of office, in Lancaster, on the ground that he\\nwas a Catholic. Lancaster has never had occasion to be ashamed\\nof her Catholic population, or to distrust them. They are crood\\ncitizens, law-abiding and patriotic. When the call came for soldiers\\nto defend the constitution and flag in 1861, the most devout of that\\nsect were among the volunteers from Lancaster. They have never\\ndemanded anything at the hands of their neighbors on the crround\\nof their peculiar faith. They participate in all the civil and p^olitical\\naffairs of the town and state as citizens, their children are educated\\nin the public schools, and they mingle with their Protestant neicrh-\\nbors socially, and nobody stops to think of sectarian differences\\nlong may it be before any change for the worse takes place\\nMajor Evarts W. Farr, congressman from this district, died in the\\nlate autumn of 1880. A vacancy thus occurring, a special election\\nwas ordered and held. Ossian Ray of Lancaster at once entered", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "242 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe field as a candidate for the Republican nomination. Hons. Ira\\nColby, Levi W. Barton, and Chester Pike were also candidates.\\nThe convention was at West Lebanon, and Mr. Ray was nominated\\nover all opposition on his forty-fifth birthday, viz., December 13,\\n1880. His majority in the election following to fill out the unex-\\npired term of Major Farr from then till March, 1881, and to suc-\\nceed himself for two years thereafterwards, was more than 5,000\\nover Jewett D. Hosley, of Lebanon, the Democratic candidate. He\\nwas re-elected in 1882. In his election Coos county gave him its\\nfirst Republican majority, although Abraham Lincoln had carried\\nthe county by a plurality. In congress Mr. Ray was on the com-\\nmittee of invalid pensions and of claims. He was largely instru-\\nmental in securing a term of the federal court at Concord, and also\\nin procuring an appropriation of $200,000 for a court-house and\\npost-ofifice building at Concord also for $200,000 for a post-office\\nat Manchester. He was active in reducing letter postage, abolishing\\nduty on sugar, and in protecting all our own industries.\\nIn this campaign of 1880, Charles H. Bell was the Republican\\ncandidate for governor, Frank Jones of the Democratic party, War-\\nren G. Brown was again brought forward by the Greenback party,\\nand George D. Dodge by the Temperance party. Bell carried\\nthree hundred and fifty votes in Lancaster, and Jones only one less.\\nThere were this year only two votes cast for other candidates, and\\nthey are recorded as scattering.\\nThe vote on presidential electors stood Garfield electors, three\\nhundred and fifty-two, and Hancock electors, three hundred and\\nforty-eight.\\nThe Democratic party this year named Frank Smith and Mat-\\nthew Monahan as their candidates. The Republicans put for-\\nward Chester B. Jordan and James Monahan. After a hot contest\\nJordan defeated Smith by one vote. In the June session of 1881,\\nMr. Jordan was elected speaker of the house, a position he filled\\nwith dignity and ease. Mr. Jordan was destined to become an\\nimportant factor, not only in town but state politics and if indi-\\ncations are to be depended upon he will carry off the highest honors\\nhis state can confer upon one of its citizens. He will appear again\\nupon the scene.\\nThe campaign of 1882 was an exciting time in Lancaster, as\\nit was throughout the state. The candidates for governor were\\nSamuel W. Hale, Republican Martin Van Buren Edgerly, Demo-\\ncrat. The Greenback and Temperance parties had candidates, but\\nthey are not mentioned in the returns in this town. Hale received\\nthree hundred and fourteen votes, and Edgerly three hundred and\\neighteen, while twenty votes were recorded as scattering.\\nThe Democratic party brought forward Col. Henry O. Kent", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 243\\nand Judge William S. Ladd as candidates for representatives, and\\nelected them by fair-sized majorities. Hon. Irving W. Drew, one\\nof Lancaster s ablest lawyers, was this year elected to the state\\nsenate by a good majority as a Democrat.\\nThe contest of 1884 was not less vigorous in this town than that\\nof the previous two elections. Being a presidential election it\\ngave some added interest to the campaign. The hot contest\\nbetween Blaine and Cleveland throughout the country served to\\narouse the voters of Lancaster to do their best for their respective\\nparty leaders at the polls. Blaine received three hundred and\\nthirty votes, Cleveland three hundred and eighty-four, leaving\\ntwenty-five to go on record as scattering. This was practically the\\nfull vote of the town, strenuous efforts having been made to get\\nevery voter to the polls.\\nThe candidates for governor were Moody Currier, Republican,\\nwho received three hundred and thirty-two votes; John M. Hill,\\nDemocrat, who received three hundred and eighty-three. Twenty-\\nfive votes were recorded as scattering.\\nCol. Henry O. Kent was this year elected to the state senate\\nover William R. Danforth of Stratford, Republican. Colonel Kent\\nreceived the appointment as naval officer of the port of Boston from\\nPresident Cleveland in 1885, and entered upon his duties January i,\\n1886, serving until May 20, 1890.\\nFrank Smiith and Matthew Monahan, Democrats, were chosen\\nrepresentatives by the usual party majority.\\nThe contest of the next year, 1886, was less exciting, and not so\\nlarge a vote was cast as in the two previous elections. The contest\\nfor the governorship was between Charles H. Sawyer, Republican,\\nwho carried three hundred and ninety-seven votes, and Thomas\\nCogswell, Democrat, who received three hundred and sixty-one.\\nThere was a number of votes set down in the returns as scatter-\\ning, which this year counted eleven. A spirited contest for state\\nsenator was waged between Hon. C. B. Jordan and Samuel E. Paine,\\nof Berlin, the latter winning by a moderate majority, Mr. Jordan\\nrunning largely ahead of his ticket. Charles A. Cleaveland and\\nRobert McCarten, Democrats, were chosen as representatives.\\nThe next year, 1888, being also a presidential election, more inter-\\nest was manifested in politics National questions cast their shad-\\nows over local ones and often changed their hues. The national\\ncontest was a warm one, involving great issues, much exaggerated, of\\ncourse. It called out a large vote, eight hundred and sixteen in this\\ntown.\\nThe Republican party offered David H. Goodell as their candi-\\ndate for governor, who received three hundred and seventy-eight\\nvotes. Charles H. Amsden was the Democratic nominee, and car-\\nried off four hundred and thirty votes.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "244 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nFor president Benjamin Harrison received three hundred and\\neighty votes. Grover Cleveland polled four hundred and twenty-\\nseven. There were only two scattering votes.\\nFor representatives to the legislature Matthew Smith and John\\nM. Clark, Democrats, were chosen.\\nLancaster had now been carried by the Democrats continuously in\\nfour elections, and that of 1890 approached. It lacked the added\\ninterest of a presidential election to call out a full vote only six\\nhundred and sixty-seven of the more than eight hundred voters of\\nthe town came to the polls. The gubernatorial candidates were\\nHiram A. Tuttle, Republican; Charles H. Amsden, Democrat. Tut-\\ntle carried three hundred and eighty-one votes, and Amsden three\\nhundred and seventy-six, leaving but ten votes to be returned as\\nscattering.\\nThe town now had attained a population of 3,367, which entitled\\nit to three representatives in the legislature. Joseph D. Howe, Pat-\\nrick Small, and George Farnham, all Democrats, were elected.\\nThe campaign of 1892 was one of much excitement and of un-\\ncommon interest in its local features. As usual with elections every\\nfour years, when national issues help to magnify the importance of\\nthe state and town questions, this year saw much more than a com-\\nmon contest. Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison were again\\nin the field.\\nThe Harrison electors received four hundred and twelve votes,\\nwhile the Cleveland electors carried the town with four hundred and\\nthirty. The Republican candidate for governor, John B. Smith of\\nHillsborough, received four hundred and six votes. Luther F. Mc-\\nKinney, Democrat, got four hundred and three. Edgar L. Carr,\\nProhibitionist, received fourteen votes. The Republicans elected\\ntheir candidates for representatives. They were Willie E. Bullard,\\nAlex M. Beattie, and Gilbert A. Marshall. The Republican party\\nhad returned to power on national issues. There were no local issues\\ncompetent to turn the scale of party for many years past.\\nThe campaign of 1894 was one of much interest in Lancaster, as\\nCol. Henry O. Kent was the Democratic candidate for governor.\\nThe Republicans brought forward Charles A. Busiel of Laconia, for\\nmany years a stalwart Democrat who had gone over to the Repub-\\nlican party on the tariff doctrine, believing in a protective tariff.\\nLancaster was one of the chief battle-fields. Candidate Busiel,\\nUnited States Senators Gallinger and Chandler, to say nothing of\\nlesser lights of the Republican party, spoke before large and enthu-\\nsiastic audiences here.\\nThe Democrats cultivated their opportunities no less zealously,\\nwith the result that when the polls closed at the November election\\nof that year, Kent received four hundred and sixty-four votes to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "POLITICAL HISTORY. 245\\nfour hundred and twelve for Busiel. The Prohibition party polled\\nfourteen votes for Daniel C. Knowles. George D. Epps received\\nfive votes as candidate of the Labor party. Frank Smith, Demo-\\ncratic candidate for the state senate, received four hundred and\\nseventeen votes, while Thomas H. Van Dyke, Republican, carried\\nfour hundred and twenty-five.\\nJohn L. Moore and James W. Truland, Republicans, and Wil-\\nliam R. Stockwell, Democrat, were elected as representatives this\\nyear.\\nIn point of interest, excitement, and anxiety as to the results that\\nmight follow it, no election has surpassed that of 1896, in the his-\\ntory of the town. Being a presidential election, great national\\nissues were brought forward, and state and town politics were\\nmolded almost wholly by national questions.\\nThe Republican party presented for president William McKinley\\nof Ohio and the Democratic convention nominated William J. Bryan\\nof Nebraska, who received the endorsement of the Populists and\\nSilver Republicans. John M. Palmer was the nominee of the Na-\\ntional Democrats, while the Temperance people had two tickets\\nin the field.\\nThe vote in Lancaster was McKinley, 519; Bryan, 290; Palmer,\\n18, and Prohibitionists, 8.\\nGeorge A. Hartford, George W. Lane, and James A. Monahan,\\nRepublicans, were elected representatives.\\nNo small share of the popular interest of this election was cen-\\ntered about the state tickets. Colonel Henry O. Kent was again\\nthe Democratic candidate for governor. George A. Ramsdell was\\nthe Republican candidate. Kent received three hundred and ninety-\\ntwo votes in Lancaster, and Ramsdell three hundred and ninety.\\nThere were over a thousand names on the check-list, but the highest\\nvote cast was only 835. Many persons evidently did not vote.\\nRamsdell was elected by a majority of 2 1 ,007 over Kent, who ran\\nahead of the Democratic presidential ticket by 7,062 votes in the\\nstate, the adverse plurality against him being 16,119 votes less than\\nagainst the presidential ticket.\\nAnother Lancaster man was up this year for the important office\\nof state senator Hon. C. B. Jordan, Republican. The Democratic\\ncandidate for the same office was Edward Herbert Weston, of\\nWhitefield. Mr. Weston made a very vigorous canvass of the dis-\\ntrict; Mr, Jordan did not make a speech or leave his daily pursuits\\nto canvass for support but when the vote was counted he ran\\nahead of his competitor by three hundred and nine votes in Lancas-\\nter, and in the district 1,413.\\nMr. Jordan s election was no more than announced when his\\nfriends brought his name forward as a candidate for president of the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "246 HISTORY OF Lx\\\\NCASTER.\\nsenate, which honor came to him by a unanimous vote of the senate.\\nThis office he has filled with commendable dignity and to the entire\\nsatisfaction of that body.\\nSince biennial elections under the constitution of 1878, the town-\\nmeetings in March have become gradually less political less under\\nthe control of party management than before. Affairs are con-\\nducted on a business and prudential basis instead of on a political\\nand partisan one as before the separation of the state elections from\\nthe town-meeting. The parties still hold their caucuses, but some-\\ntimes they come together on a single ticket for selectmen, town\\nclerk, treasurer, and other minor offices. This in no way interferes\\nwith bringing independent candidates before the meetings for any\\noffice. This arrangement has been an advantage to the town as\\nit secures less interference with strictly business affairs.\\nCHAPTER XX.\\nPOETS AND POETRY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe life of a community is not all told in prose. We live in vain\\nif the muse comes not to some of our number, and with her magic\\ntouch awakens the inspiration of song, to soothe and cheer the tried\\nand often disconsolate soul. Life is not to be measured alone in the\\ncurrency of the market-place. Truth, like the shield, has two sides.\\nThe one is often plain and prosaic, while, if we be able to turn the\\nother side in the light of an inspiration, it maybe pleasing and beau-\\ntiful to a wonderful degree. It would have been strange if all this\\nbeauty that fills the landscapes, the sky, the homes and lives of Lan-\\ncaster, had not found some expression in verse or color.\\nThe natural scenery is unsurpassed, and the life of the community\\nhas not been devoid of that culture, refinement of taste and inspira-\\ntion that appeal to the imagination and taste of men, breaking forth\\nin songs of melody or color.\\nThere have been a number of persons who have written verse of\\nsome worth, entitling them to recognition in the history of their\\ntown, whether they were born here, or happened to write here under\\ninspiration that was peculiarly local. Col. Henry O. Kent and Nellie\\nCross (now Mrs. Henry W. Dennison of Yokohama, Japan) were\\nborn in Lancaster, while Albert Kimball, Rev. George Osgood, and\\nMrs. J. B. Harris were residents of Lancaster for only a short pe-\\nriod, though these latter wrote under the inspiration that came to\\nthem here, and nothing would have called forth the same verses\\nelsewhere. Their poems, here inserted, are for that reason essen-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "POETS AND POETRY OF LANCASTER. 247\\ntially of Lancaster, and are entitled to a place in the anthology of\\nthe town.\\nA portion of the poetry that I should have liked to insert here\\nwill be found in Part II, in the chapter on the Centennial Celebra-\\ntion of the Settlement of the Town. They could not be taken out\\nof their natural settings in that chapter, as they form a part of it, and\\nthe reader is referred to it for poems of Henry O. Kent and Mrs.\\nMary B. C. Slade.\\nFREMONT.*\\nBy Henry O. Kent.\\nFremont, Fremont, H is a name that thrills\\nThe free of our native land,\\nThat echoes in glee from our eastern hills,\\nAnd the state of the golden sand.\\nFremont, Fremont, t is a nation s shout\\nThat rings unchallenged wide\\nAye well the battle-cry peals out\\nFor God and Freedom s side.\\nFremont, Fremont, t is a name for all,\\nFrom South to frozen North\\nFremont, tis the spell that bursts the thrall;\\nThat bids the right go forth.\\nFremont, on no disunion flag.\\nDoth that name proudly wave\\nIt speaks of deeds by stream and crag,\\nIt rings from patriot s graves.\\nDisunion, oh, we spurn the cry\\nAnd fling it back in scorn\\nBright gleams above, our Eagle s eye\\nTo victory sweeping on.\\nWhat did our sires whose blood bedews\\nThe height of Bunker Hill,\\nWhose shoeless feet tracked Jersey s snows.\\nAnd crimsoned Eutaw s rill\\nFight, that the spirit of the free\\nShould sink at last o erpowered?\\nAnd dying, bleeding liberty\\nFall neath oppression s rod\\nDid congress in their glorious might\\nWithin that grand old hall.\\nMean it a farce, when they wrote\\nOf equal rights to all\\n*This song was set to music by Ellen A. White, daughter of Col. John H. White and sung\\nthrough the stirring campaign of 1856.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "248 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThen peal the cry, the battle-cry\\nFrom Maine to Texas shore\\nAye, let our anthem echo high,\\nThe Union sweeping o er\\nA feeling warm for our brothers all\\nAmid the sunny South\\nAnd a pledge anew, to the firm and true.\\nOf the stern unchanging North.\\nA shout for Union, loud and strong,\\nA shout for Kansas free\\nAye, a thundering cheer our ranks along,\\nFremont and Victory\\nTHE OLD WILLOW.*\\nBy Nellie W. Cross (now Mrs. Henry W. Dennison).\\nGraceful willow, tall and stately.\\nQueen of all our village trees.\\nTaking May s sweet bloom, sedately\\nSwaying in the gentle breeze\\nWhat a tale your leaves might flutter.\\nIf, like Delphi s priestess fair.\\nWe could hear the words they utter,\\nTrembling in the evening air.\\nWhat a calm, unvarnished story,\\nFree from mortal hopes and fears\\nLike a patriarch, wise and hoary.\\nYou could tell of vanished years\\nWhat a tale of autumn splendor.\\nWhat a dream of summer dead,\\nSighs for Spring s caresses tender\\nLavished on your stately head.\\nWhat a tale of joy and sadness.\\nCould you tell each passing scene.\\nChanges fraught with grief and gladness.\\nSince your branches first were green\\nErnest youth and happy maiden\\ny That have loitered neath your shade\\nWeary hearts, with cares o erladen.\\nCareless children that have played\\nThe Old Willow stood in front of the Lancaster House, and was the pride of the village. It\\nwas killed by the burning of that hotel Sept. 27, 1878, and was cut down Jan. 27, 18S1. This was\\nthe last of a row of Lombardy poplars and willows that Judge Richard C. Everett, the grandfather\\nof Nellie W. Cross, had set out from the court-house to the south line of the lot to the south line\\nof present Foundry St., about the year 1800. Judge Everett then owned all the land on that side\\nof the street between the two points above named.\\nThrough the kindness of Erdix T. Wilson, of Barton, Vt., we are able to present in this book a\\nreproduction of a photograph of the old willow taken when he was a photographer here. The late\\nRichard P. Kent was standing under the tree.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "The Old Willow, near Lancaster House.\\nDestroyed by Fire of 187S.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "POETS AND POETRY OF LANCASTER. 249\\nSince from yonder verdant meadow,\\nWhere the rippling waters flow,\\nYou were brought for grace and shadow\\nMore than sixty years ago\\nStill the blue skies bend above you,\\nOn your limbs green mosses cling,\\nSpring s first sunshine seems to love you\\nIn your boughs the robins sing.\\nSo, while Time his march is keeping.\\nConquering all we loved and knew.\\nMay you watch the years retreating,\\nLike a sentinel, firm and true\\nAnd when mortals die around you.\\nSeasons fade and years go by\\nWith the glory age has crowned you.\\nMay your branches greet the sky.\\nMAY.\\nBY NELLIE W. CROSS.\\nYes May is coming o er the hills,\\nHer eyes all bright with daisies.\\nHer hands with opening blossoms fiUed-\\nThe theme of poet s praises.\\nAnd as I watch her lingering steps.\\nAnd hear her soft winds playing.\\nMy mind went wandering o er the years\\nTo when I went a-Maying.\\nAgain, with many hopes and fears.\\nForgetful how time passes,\\nI join upon the village green\\nThe many lads and lasses.\\nAgain, the wild bees drowsy hum\\nIs floating o er the meadow\\nAgain, I hear the whispering trees.\\nAnd watch their waving shadows.\\nAgain, I sing the sweet old songs.\\nAnd hail the bright spring weather;\\nAgain, I wander o er the hills,\\nJenny and I together.\\nAnd though long years have passed since then.\\nAnd we grown strangely sober,\\nAs May s sweet lingering light\\nGives place to life s October.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "250 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nWhen Spring comes smiling o er the hills,\\nOld paths my heart will stray in\\nWith Jenny by my side again,\\nI seem to go a-Maying.\\nTHE SUNSET BURIAL.\\nBY REV. GEORGE OSGOOD.*\\nCan we forget the holy hour\\nWhen on the hillside green,\\nAll gleaming bright with leaf and flower\\nThe rain drops clear were seen?\\nWhen landscapes in their summer bloom\\nSeemed bathed in lovliest light,\\nAs hung in folds the clouds of gloom.\\nAlong the mountain s height?\\nCan we forget the prayers we breathed.\\nThe tender tears we shed.\\nThe sweet and stainless flowers we wreathed\\nFor one whose soul had fled?\\nForget her, as her spirit passed\\nIn beauty, peace, and love.\\nTo rest, from weariness and pain,\\nTo happier scenes above?\\nOh, no her face, sweet and serene.\\nShall rise before our sight,\\nAs when, in placid smiles, was seen\\nHer spirit s lingering light\\nThen shall our hearts be pure and good.\\nAs we remember still.\\nThat by her dying bed we stood.\\nAnd on the burial hill.\\nTO MY BROTHER.\\nBY MRS. J. B. HARRIS.\\nFrom that now cherished home\\nA thought does sometimes stray,\\nO er the dim, distant hills.\\nWhere the bright waters play,\\nThe author of this poem, now living at Kensington, N. H., says It was suggested by the\\nburial of Maria Crawford, daughter of Thomas J. Crawford of White Mountain fame, but living dur-\\ning his last days at Lancaster; Sunday, July 24, 1S63, after a day of showers, as we were grouped\\naround the grave, when all the shrubs were brilliant in the sunlight, and the White Mountains were\\nrobed in clouds as if mourning for their child. The Rev. Mr. Osgood was then pastor of the\\nUnitarian church.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "POETS AND POETRY OF LANCASTER. 25 I\\nTo waken sweet thoughts\\nOf Ufa s sunny morn,\\nWhere we played mong the hills,\\nAnd the forest birds sang.\\nI think of thee, brother.\\nThe long, weary day\\nTho thine eye has grown dim,\\nThy locks turning gray\\nAnd my heart wanders out.\\nWhen the stars are asleep.\\nTo kiss thee good-night, brother.\\nGood-night, ere I sleep.\\nWhen I sit down to play\\nSome sweet favorite air,\\nI miss one loved chord\\nI may never more hear\\nTis lost on the breeze,\\n^Mong the hills far away,.\\nLike the notes of the harp.\\nWhich the wild winds play.\\nFond memory points,\\nWith a tear in her eye.\\nTo the cold tide that has borne\\nMy loved ones away.\\nBut the bright star of hope\\nShines yet to illumine\\nOur pathway of tears\\nThrough the dark, chilling gloom.\\nGONE BACK TO HEAVEN.\\nBY ALBERT KIMBALL.\\nLay him to rest in his little bed,\\nNot where he lately was wont to lie.\\nBut give him a couch mong the quiet dead.\\nWith never a murmured lullaby.\\nDarling Ally is wrapped in sleep\\nCalmest slumber that mortal knows\\nAnd none to his side with a smile shall creep,\\nTo awake his limbs from their long repose.\\nThe lids have fallen in dark eclipse\\nOver those orbs once bright with glee\\nA beautiful palor is on the lips.\\nTheir marble sweetness is sad to see.\\nThe golden tint of the hair has flown\\nThe fair, round forehead is damply chill\\nThe dainty hand is a thing of stone.\\nThe heart of the sleeper is hushed and still.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "252 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nGod Can it be that the life has passed\\nOut from the beautiful form of clay?\\nThat only the casket is left at last.\\nAnd the spirit immortal has soared away?\\nThat never again on this earthly shore\\nDear Ally s innocent laugh shall ring?\\nHis artless prattle no longer pour.\\nThat sounded sweeter than birds of spring\\nThat never again shall the lashes rise\\nDowny lashes, how soft they seem\\nGently veiling those deep blue eyes\\nThat lighted a home with their cloudless beam?\\nThat never again shall the cherub face\\nOn loving bosom for rest recline?\\nAnd never again, in close embrace.\\nSorrowing mother, be pressed to thine?\\nThese are the thoughts that surge and roll,\\nAnd burst to tears in the tempests swell\\nWhile out over the waves of the troubled soul\\nComes the dismal voice of the tolling bell.\\nOh, it is hard for the heart to bear\\nBut the cup so bitter we may not shun\\nStill we ll utter our humble prayer,\\nFather in Heaven, Thy will be done.\\nLINES.\\n[Dedicated to the family of the late Lieut. John G. Lewis.* By Albert Kimball.]\\nTolls the bell in solemn tones.\\nTelling with its muffled breath\\nTales at which the spirit moans\\nO er the victories of death,\\nDeath, whose sway encircles all.\\nMaking slaves of proudest kings,\\nWhen the fatal shadows fall\\nOf dread Azrael s sable wings.\\nSlowly moves the funeral train.\\nAnd with sad, reluctant tread.\\nBreaking heart, and burning brain,\\nMarch the living with the dead.\\nDie those hearts to earthly hope,\\nBruised by traitor s chastening rod,\\nAs the dusty portals ope.\\nFor that loved and lifeless clod.\\n*John G. Lewis was first lieutenant of Company H, 9th N. H. Volunteers. He was killed in the\\nbattle of Fredericksburg, Va., December, 1S62. His body was brought home and buried in the old\\ncemetery, with Masonic Rites, Dec. 18, 1S62.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "POETS AND POETRY OF LANCASTER. 253\\nHow the soul sinks down, and down,\\nInto realms of deepest gloom,\\nWhen cruel death s awful frown\\nWakes the terrors of the tomb\\nWhen a dear one s clay is cold,\\nIn its narrow mansion hid,\\nAnd when other clay is rolled\\nHeavy on the coffin s lid.\\nTis a soldier s fate we weep,\\nT is a soldier s grave we scan,\\nLet the gallant Lewis sleep,\\nUndisturbed by warring man\\nFar from battle s strife and din,\\nMid the smiling scenes of peace,\\nHere the hero enters in\\nWhere his toils forever cease.\\nHere mong old familiar ways,\\nSweet with joys that could not pall\\nIn the bright, unclouded days.\\nEre he heard his country s call\\nCall him forth with stern alarm,\\nWhere the waves of conflict rose.\\nBade him raise his loyal arm\\nGainst her fierce and haughty foes,\\nHere, where home had arched its sky,\\nWhere its light made all things dear.\\nWhere loved faces blest his eye,\\nAnd loved voices charmed his ear.\\nWhere warm friendship and regard\\nRound them wove their Mystic Tie,\\nHere his fame can ne er be marred,\\nHe7-e his memory shall not die.\\nHere affection s tongue will tell.\\nHalf with pity, half with pride.\\nHow the patriot martyr fell\\nBy the Rappahannock s side.\\nWhen the hellish missile broke.\\nCharged with death, and pain, and woe,\\nHow he met the mortal stroke\\nBravely, as he faced the foe.\\nGod of Heaven at Thy command,\\nWhen shall war and carnage end?\\nWhen shall man with bloodless hand\\nGreet his brother as his friend\\nWhen shall Moloch s reign be o er?\\nWhen shall Right assume her throne.\\nAnd our slighted flag once more\\nWave, unrivaled, and alone?\\nGod of Heaven to Thee we call\\nIn our nation s trying hour,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "254 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nGive us grace to suffer all,\\nGive us purpose, give us power\\nLead our wavering steps aright.\\nGuard and guide us from above.\\nThrough the darkness of the night.\\nTo the dawn of peace and love.\\nCHAPTER XXI.\\nEARLY MAILS, POST RIDERS, AND POST-OFFICES.\\nMails, Post Riders, and Post-offices. There were arrangements\\nfor communication by letter before 1692, in some of the more\\nthickly settled colonies of New England. On Feb. 17, 1692, King\\nWilliam and Queen Mary constituted Thomas Neale postmaster-\\ngeneral for the colonies; and 17 10, an Act of Parliament estab-\\nlished a uniform system for all. When this plan had been in ope-\\nration more than sixty years, Benjamin Franklin was appointed\\npostmaster-general but his conduct gave offense to the king, and\\nhe was removed in 1774. Immediately one William Goddard\\nplanned what he called a Constitutional Postofifice, and the colo-\\nnial congress adopted it July 26, 1775, with Franklin as postmas-\\nter-general. The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution\\ngave congress full power over the post-oflfices of the country. In\\n1790, congress took action on the matter continuing the post-ofifice\\nas it had been conducted under Franklin. Two years later congress\\nfixed the rates of postage, which were\\nFor every single letter, conveyed by land, not exceeding forty miles, eight\\ncents. Over forty, and not exceeding ninety miles, ten cents. Over ninety\\nmiles, and not exceeding one hundred and fifty miles, twelve and a half cents.\\nFor one hundred and fifty miles, and not to exceed three hundred, fifteen cents.\\nFor three hundred miles, and not to exceed four hundred, twenty cents. For\\nfour hundred miles, and not to exceed five hundred, twenty-five cents. For every\\ndouble letter, or a letter composed of two pieces of paper, double the above rates.\\nFor every package weighing one ounce, or more, at the rate of four single\\nletters for each ounce. Newspapers, one cent each, when not exceeding one\\nhundred miles, but not to exceed one cent each in the state in which they are\\npublished.\\nWith these extravagant rates were also established some very\\nstringent rules. A letter or parcel had to be deposited in the post-\\noffice a half hour before the time for the mail to depart or else it\\nhad to lay over until the next mail. All letters and packages to\\nand from the president and vice-president of the United States, and\\ncertain other officers, passed free of postage. Mail was delivered to\\nparties to whom it was addressed and an account kept with them,\\nand a bill was presented once a quarter for collection. The entire", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "EARLY MAILS, POST RIDERS AND POST-OFFICES. 255\\nrevenue from postage, for many years, constituted the pay of the\\npost rider. Later the postmaster received a share of it and not\\nuntil near the end of the first quarter of this century did he collect\\nthe postage on its own account.\\nUnder these old arrangements for carrying the mails in colonial\\ndays, Lancaster was not affected. There were no post riders until\\nthe beginning of the present century. For over thirty years the first\\nsettlers had to get their letters from here to other points by persons\\nwho happened to be going to those places they wished to commu-\\nnicate with and letters reached Lancaster in the same slow and\\nuncertain way. I have before me a letter sent by Edwards Buck-\\nnam to Jonathan Grant, who was then attending a term of court at\\nPlymouth, that went as far as Littleton, and from there the carrier\\nof it changed his mind and went to Portland, from which point he\\nnext went to Exeter. From there he sent the letter to Charlestown\\nby another party going there on business. There it laid for over\\ntwo months before there was an opportunity to send it to Haver-\\nhill, N. H., by another party.\\nAfter another month it was sent to Plymouth, and had it not\\nfallen, accidentally, into the hands of a friend of Mr. Grant, who for-\\nwarded it to him in Alban}/, N. Y., there is no telling if he would\\never have received it. It could not have reached the sender, unless\\nsome one had violated the laws in opening it, for there was no other\\nway to find out from whom it came. Through the carelessness, and\\nsometimes dishonesty, of such carriers valuable letters often were\\nlost or stolen, to the loss and inconvenience of the senders of them.\\nNot infrequently people did not dare to take the risk of sending\\nimportant information, especially in times of war, for fear their letters\\nwould be stolen, or rifled of their contents. Then the high rates\\nof postage made it necessary for people to write as seldom, and as\\nshort letters, as possible. He was not a true friend, in those days\\nwhen money was so scarce, who would write double letters, and too\\noften, for it would subject the receiver of them to considerable cost\\nto pay for them.\\nAn instance of those days, where a bill for goods, that should\\nhave been packed with the articles, was forwarded by mail to\\nRichard P. Kent, with unpaid postage of 18 3-4 cents. The mer-\\nchant inveighed against such needless extravagance, and protested\\nthat he could not be burdened with postage to such an enormous\\namount as the correspondent s method entailed.\\nThe writing material of those early days was crude. There were\\nno envelopes in which to inclose letters. They were written on\\nsheets of rough, hand-made paper, and so folded as to keep the\\nwriting out of sight. There were many ingenious methods of fold-\\ning to make them neat, strong, and safe. They were held together", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "256 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nby wafers or melting a bit of sealing wax and dropping it upon the\\nedges or corners where they overlapped. Among the many old\\nletters that have fallen into my hands there is one from a young\\nlady of one of the first families of the settlement to her lover,\\nwhich was sealed with hard boiled maple sugar. Whether that act\\nwas symbolical of the sweet nonsense it contained, or whether\\nshe had no sealing wax, I cannot say. The missive was written in\\nwhat, I believe, was the first attempt at poetry in Lancaster and but\\nfor its crudenesss I should be tempted to give it here as such\\nexample. It was rather a matter of the heart than of the intellect.\\nWhen Lancaster received its first mail at the hands of a regular\\nmail carrier, we cannot say but so far as we have any authentic\\ninformation the first mail carrier, or post rider, to this section, was one\\nWilliam Trescott of Danville, Vt., who rode the district in 18 12.\\nWe find an old advertisement, published in Athol, Mass., in which\\nhe called upon subscribers in Lancaster who wished to pay for their\\npapers in produce to leave it at Carlisle s store. His route laid\\nthrough Danville, St. Johnsbury, and Barnet, in Vermont; Littleton,\\nN. H., Concord, Waterford, and Lunenburg, Vt., and Lancaster. He\\nwas at the time an old man over sixty years of age, and rode a little\\nshort and spiritless black horse, which was also quite old. Trescott\\nwas by trade a sieve maker, and used to carry, on his trips on the\\nmail route, a lot of the rims for his sieves strung on the neck of his\\nhorse. These he bartered at his stopping places, and to some\\nextent along the road. He was a quaint figure in a broad-rimmed\\nhat and brown coat, mounted upon a pair of saddle-bags full of\\nmail with his overcoat rolled up and strapped on behind his saddle.\\nThe first postmaster in Lancaster was Stephen Wilson, the mer-\\nchant at the north end of the street. Just when he received his\\nappointment is not known with any degree of certainty but we\\nhave certain knowledge of the fact that he was postmaster in 1803\\nand that at that time the mail came from Haverhill, N. H., which\\nwas the nearest ofifice. From there it was carried on horseback, as\\nwe have described it, at the hands of Mr. Trescott. Whether\\nanother preceded him is very uncertain. At the time referred to\\nhis route had grown to include several new ofifices that had been\\nestablished near the line between these two northernmost ones.\\nCol. Stephen Wilson held his office until 1807, when he was suc-\\nceeded by Abram Hinds, then a lawyer practising here. He was\\nlater register of deeds. Mr. Hinds held the office for a term of five\\nyears, and was succeeded by another lawyer, S. A. Pearson. Mr.\\nPearson kept the ofiice in his law ofifice, in the home of the late\\nH. A. Fletcher, on Main street. He was a very popular postmaster,\\nand held the office for seventeen years, the longest term it has ever\\nbeen held by any man here. During his incumbency, about 1825,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "EARLY MAILS, POST RIDERS, AND POST-OFFICES. 257\\nthe mails began to arrive twice a week from Haverhill. By this\\ntime the roads had become good enough to justify the use of a two-\\nhorse wagon in carrying the mail. This arrangement served a\\ndouble purpose the mail carrier could carry an occasional passen-\\nger and small bundles between the several points on his route, which\\nwas a common practice, and no doubt was the germ of the wonder-\\nful express system of transportation for small articles, now so much\\nin use.\\nIn the second issue of the White Mountain ^gis, June 29,\\n1838, we find this advertisement:\\nLancaster, Littleton, Haverhill, Hanover and Lowell Mail Stage. Throuc-h\\nin two days The southern mail will leave Lancaster every Tuesday, Thursday\\nand Saturday, at 5 o clock a. m. and arrive at Haverhill same day, in season for\\nthe Telegraph Mail down Connecticut River. This arrangement will make a\\ndirect hne from Lancaster to Lowell, Mass., in two days by way of Hanover.\\nReturning, leaves every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, and arrives at Lancas-\\nter next day, at 5 p. m.\\nL. A. Russell Co., Proprietors.\\nLittleton, May 29, 1838.\\nThe following description of the arrival of mails, the postmasters,\\nthe post-ofifices and the distribution of mails I find, from the pen of\\nLieut. James S. Brackett, in the Lancaster Gazette in 1885, and\\ngive it here as it presents us a vivid picture of things as they\\nappeared to a young lad, over sixty years ago\\nFifty years ago the mail was brought from Haverhill in a barouche drawn by\\ntwo horses. The barouche was succeeded by the more pretentious and elegant\\ncoach drawn by four horses, and the Jehu who handled the lines and with mi rhty\\nflourish and crack of whip reined in the fiery steeds at the post-office door, and\\nwith pride and pomp whirled his panting, foaming team around to the hotel\\nwhere, with politeness and dignity, he handed down the passengers, was the envy\\nof all the boys who stood agape and witnessed the wonderful feat.\\nThose were days of simplicity in the country towns, and the arrival and\\ndeparture of the mails three times in each week were occasions of moment\\nSome anxious hearts were in waiting to hear from absent friends or the news from\\ndistant places, but there was no rush to the delivery as now; the postmaster\\ntook with care the letters and papers from the mail-bag, and called the name of\\neach person who had the fortune to receive a letter or package, and if the person\\nwas present it was handed out to him if not, the package was put into a drawer\\nor laid upon a shelf or table to await the time it should be called for. After a\\nwhile it was found convenient to have letter pigeon-holes constructed and\\narranged alphabetically that time might be saved in looking over the accumula-\\ntion, as a paper or letter might be required. Postage was not prepaid as nowa-\\ndays, but the postmaster charged the amount due on a package to the receiver\\nif he was known and able to pay his debts, and once a quarter presented his bill\\nIf the receiver was a stranger or an impecunious individual, the posta ^e was\\nrequired before delivery.\\nDr. Benjamin Hunking was the first postmaster whom I remember succeed-\\ning Samuel A. Pearson in 1829. Dr. Hunking was an earnest and consistent\\n18", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "258 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJacksonian Democrat, and for that reason was appointed to the office of post-\\nmaster. For several years the office was kept in the house where he lived, now\\nknown as Elm Cottage. The mail matter was so limited that the little closet\\nin his sitting-room sufficed for the reception of all that came or went, and when a\\nletter was called, the doctor, and in his absence, any member of the family,\\nwould go to that small closet, look over the letters and papers and hand out the\\nrequired package. The doctor, owing to professional and other business, soon,\\nhowever, appointed as his deputy Reuben L. Adams, a man well and favorably\\nknown in this vicinity whereupon the office was moved down street, and kept for\\na while in a little room at the south end of the front piazza of the house built by\\nHarvey Adams, which afterward became the property of Presbury West, and is now\\nowned and occupied by Nelson Sparks, corner of Main and Elm streets. In 1842\\nDr. Hunking resigned, rather, he said, than be removed from office, and the\\nappointment of Mr. Adams was secured.\\nWhen Gen. Taylor became president, Robert Sawyer, being a Whig, and\\nquite ardent in his political faith, was given the post-office. It was at that time\\nconsidered quite singular that a man who had so recently become a resident of\\nthe town should receive the appointment, but Mr. Sawyer discharged his duties\\nto the general satisfaction of the citizens. Of course when Franklin Pierce, New\\nHampshire s favorite son, assumed the administration, Mr. Sawyer stepped\\ndown and out, and Harvey Adams, who had always been a Democrat, a native of\\nthe town, and a very respectable citizen, succeeded to the office of postmaster.\\nAn office was fixed up in what is now the Shannon building, and presided over\\nby his daughter, Mrs. Flora Adams Darling. James A. Smith having rendered\\nimportant service to the party was next made postmaster and performed its duties\\nwell.\\nRoyal Joyslin, an old-time Whig, who had long resided in town and been\\nidentified with its interests, and a man of sterling integrity, was appointed post-\\nmaster under President Lincoln. Mr. Oliver Nutter, who had been in town but\\na few years, a Republican, was appointed in place of Mr. Joyslin. He was suc-\\nceeded by John W. Spaulding, and he by Charles E. Allen.\\nSuch was the post-office and its management in the days that\\nhave gone by, and the Hke of which will never be seen again.\\nLancaster is now within eight hours of the metropolis of New Eng-\\nland by mail, and the telegraph and telephone have brought it within\\nspeaking-distance of the whole nation. No community is now left\\nto itself as in former times. If any improvement is made in the\\nmeans of communicating information it affects the whole country at\\nonce.\\nAs the railroads approached Lancaster it began to receive daily\\nmails in 1850, when the stage lines could make daily trips; and\\nwhen the Concord Montreal railroad reached Lancaster in 1870,\\nmails began arriving twice, and soon four times, a day. With the\\ncompletion of the Maine Central Railroad in 1890, the mail service\\nwas twice that of the previous twenty years, giving the town as good\\nmail facilities as could be desired.\\nIn 1886 a post-ofifice was established at South Lancaster, with E.\\nA. Steele postmaster. In the latter part of that same year a post-\\nofhce was established at the Grange, at East Lancaster, with Wil-\\nliam G. Ellis as postmaster. These ofhces have been a great con-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "EPIDEMICS THAT HAVE VISITED THE TOWN. 259\\nvenience to the people living in the remoter parts of the town, and\\nin towns adjoining.\\nThe southwestern portion of the town gets its mail at Scotts in\\nDalton, while a large portion of Guildhall and Lunenburg in Ver-\\nmont, and Northumberland and Jefferson in New Hampshire, use\\nthe post-ofTfice at Lancaster village.\\nCHAPTER XXIL\\nSOME EPIDEMICS OF DISEASES THAT HAVE VISITED THE\\nTOWN.\\nIt is a common tradition that the early settlers of Lancaster were\\na very healthy class of people that very little sickness existed for\\nmany years, and that perhaps seldom serious in character and\\nresults. All those claims may well be true, because none but the\\nmost healthy and rugged sort of people would have thought of\\nundertaking life in* a wilderness so remote from all sources of relief\\nas the town then was. That their descendants for one or two gen-\\nerations were almost as hardy and healthy as themselves was no\\ndoubt equally true. It would have been strange if it had not\\nbeen so.\\nThe conditions of life in a new country were always favorable to\\nhealth. The people were compelled to lead an active and abstemi-\\nous, out-door life. There was little or no excitement upon which to\\nfritter away their nervous energies after their periods of labor. All\\nworked hard but if they suffered from muscular fatigue, healthy\\nfood and rest, for which they had abundant leisure, would restore\\nthem again soon, and even leave them stronger for the severe and\\ncontinuous exercises incident upon a pioneer life. There was no\\nidleness with its vices and excesses that blight the life of a people\\nas nothing else does. If attacked by disease their abundant vitality\\nenabled them to make a speedy and favorable recovery with none\\nbut the simplest of remedies, if indeed they always had so much as\\nthat. Accidents, for various and obvious reasons, we are inclined\\nto think were fewer among them than among us of to-day. In fact,\\nthere was less opportunity for accidents. The people of those early\\ntimes used fewer vehicles and machinery than we do their houses\\nwere generally one-story cabins they had almost no calls to ex-\\npose themselves to the dangers of accidents commonly known to us.\\nAs communities grow older and larger they produce changes in\\nthe conditions of life that foster certain diseases and vices that prey\\nupon the vitality and character of men. When the population was\\nwidely scattered over a comparatively larger area than now, filth", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "26o HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ndid not accumulate rapidly enough to pollute the air, the water, and\\nthe food with the germs of disease. If, through ignorance, care-\\nlessness, or by accident, one family was attacked by a contagious\\ndisease the conditions were against its spread to other families.\\nEvery family had its own water supply in some convenient spring\\nor well there were no dishes or utensils used by scores of people\\nin common, as at present; there were few places of public resort,\\nor promiscuous gathering to scatter disease. As a consequence\\nthere were for many years no contagions to devastate the popu-\\nlation.\\nIn 1839 Capt. John W. Weeks wrote a sketch of Lancaster in\\nwhich he said of dyspepsia Dyspepsia with its languid and down-\\ncast look is beginning to make its appearance among us but as\\nfarming and gymnastic exercises are becoming again fashionable,\\nit is hoped that disorder will soon be as little known as it was among\\nour fathers. In that hope, however, the captain was reckoning\\nwithout proper assurance, for that disease has always been pre-\\nvalent.\\nJEpidemics of Small Pox. In the Provincial Papers, Vol. 6, page\\n794, I find that the general court, on Friday, June 26, 177 1, acted\\nupon a petition from the selectmen of Lancaster relative to small\\npox. The town records do not show that it was of sufificient mag-\\nnitude to call for a record of their action, nor did the action of the\\ngeneral court seem to indicate that the outbreak was a very serious\\none, although the disease was at that time quite prevalent in vari-\\nous sections of New England. In 181 1 the disease broke out\\nagain. This time it was alarming enough to justify calling a town-\\nmeeting at the meeting-house on August 26, to take action with\\nrespect to authorizing some one to inoculate, and to establish one\\nor more pest-houses. Constable Reuben Stephenson and John\\nWilson (the latter was not an ofificer) personally notified the one\\nhundred and one to appear at the meeting, as above stated. It\\nwas voted\\nTo erect a hut or camp in the jail-yard and confine to said limits persons and\\ntheir families when afflicted.\\nThat the town request the Court of Common Pleas to license Dr. Benjamin\\nHunking as a physician to attend the houses that may be erected.\\nThere were several cases, none of which was fatal. By prompt\\naction it was stamped out in a short time, and did not spread\\nbeyond the limits of the village after the confinement of the cases in\\nthe pest-house in the jail yard. It was not necessary to urge pre-\\ncaution as the people held it in great fear, more, probably, on\\naccount of the disfigurations it left than the fatality of the disease.\\nSo great was the fear that it was often impossible to secure com-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "EPIDEMICS THAT HAVE VISITED THE TOWN. 26 1\\npetent nurses for the persons sick with it and the physician who\\nattended a case was not Hkely to get any other calls while there was\\nany danger of the spread of the disease. In consequence of this\\nfear he generally remained with his small-pox patients until they\\nrecovered or died, then disinfected himself and went back to his\\nother patients. During the period intervening between that out-\\nbreak of the disease and the next one in 1849, there were several\\nscares over alarms that went the rounds that small-pox had broken\\nout; but they were unfounded.\\nIn 1849 Stephen Hovey, living then next south of the Josiah\\nBellows house above the fair grounds, had small-pox. The rumor\\ngot out that it was in the village, and people were afraid to come\\nhere to transact any business. It caused a stagnation for some\\nweeks. The editor of the Cods Democi at stated in his paper April\\nII, that there had not been a case of the disease within the village\\nlimits for thirty years, and that there was no danger to any one\\ncoming freely into the stores or upon the streets. It did not, how-\\never, allay the fear until the cases were entirely recovered.\\nMr. Hovey took the disease in February, and died March 15,\\n1849. He was attended by Dr. Eliphalet Lyman, once a noted\\nphysician. He seems to have had poor judgment in the manage-\\nment of either the disease or the nurse. Aunt Eunice White, for a\\ndispute arose between them as to whether the room should be kept\\nhot or cold. The doctor piled wood on the fire and heated up the\\nhouse, but as soon as he was gone the nurse opened the windows\\nand cooled it down. Hovey died, either from the disease, the treat-\\nment, or the nursing. We do not attempt to locate the responsi-\\nbility. So fearful of the disease were his neighbors that sufificient\\nhelp to decently bury him could not be had. He was placed in a\\nrude cofifin and gotten into the yard where it was put on a bob\\nsled, and drawn by a yoke of oxen to a point near the woods\\nsouth of his house and buried about where the Maine Central Rail-\\nroad track crosses the line of the farm in rear of the General Cong-\\ndon place.\\nOther members of his family took the disease, but recovered from\\nit. Meanwhile the town authorities had sent Dr. John Dewey to\\nBoston, Mass., for vaccine matter, and on his return, March 15,\\nproceeded to have everybody in town vaccinated. The disease\\nmade no further ravages, and the fear subsided for many years.\\nVaccination was regarded as a satisfactory safeguard against small-\\npox, and the people sought safety in its practice.\\nThis disease made its appearance again in 1865, in a more for-\\nmidable manner than ever before. In July of that year, eight cases\\nwere discovered in the old Coos Hotel, then standing where Lin-\\nscott s store and the barber shops do on the corner of Main and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "262 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCanal streets. There were living in that hostelry at the time\\ntwenty-one persons, all of whom had been exposed to the con-\\ntagion by the thirteenth of the month. The selectmen acted\\npromptly, and removed all the occupants of the house, with their\\nbedding and other things necessary to their comfort, to the old\\nDaniel Spaulding place on Page Hill, three miles out of the village,\\nwhere they were taken care of. All the cases made a favorable\\nrecovery.\\nSince that time no alarms of its presence have existed, though I\\nunderstand there have been several cases of the disease, which\\nowing to prompt and careful treatment did not spread to other\\npersons about them.\\nScarlatina. In 1813, scarlatina, or what was represented by\\nCapt. J. W. Weeks in 1839 as such, broke out in a most malignant\\nform during the early spring; and in three months carried off\\ntwenty-seven persons of whom thirteen were heads of families.\\nAmong this class were some of the most prominent men of the\\ntown John Moore, Gen. Edwards Bucknam, Deacon Joseph\\nBrackett, Lieut. Dennis Stanley, Humphrey Cram, and a number of\\nyounger men. It was most notably severe among older people and\\nchildren of feeble constitutions. The first case was that of William\\nStanley, a son of Dennis Stanley, who had been to Portland on busi-\\nness. Soon after his return he came down with the disease and\\ndied. It continued to spread, and created great excitement among\\nthe people as they probably did not understand its nature or the\\nproper treatment of it. It was generally considered, at the time,\\nas a somewhat mysterious disorder that had direct connection with\\nthe uncommonly severe weather that had just been passed through.\\nMrs. J. B. Weeks, a daughter of Lieutenant Stanley, remembered\\nfor many years that the eaves of the houses did not drip for the\\nperiod of three months in midwinter. Further than leaving the\\npeople somewhat debilitated, the weather could have had nothing\\nto do with the disease, either in causing or spreading it. The fa-\\ntality of the disease, and the loss of so large a number of promi-\\nnent men and women, cast a gloom over the community for many\\nyears, and it is referred to now by older people with a shudder.\\nCholera. A considerable degree of excitement ran through the\\ntown in 1857, over the rumor that two men had died of Asiatic\\ncholera. They were Wm, Rowell, August 5th, and D. G. Smith,\\nproprietor of the Coos Hotel, August 12th. It is not now possi-\\nble to gain definite knowledge of the true nature of the disease\\nfrom which those two men died but it may well be doubted\\nwhether it was anything more than cholera morbus, a summer\\ncomplaint quite common at that season of the year, and not con-\\ntagious as was feared at the time.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "EPIDEMICS THAT HAVE VISITED THE TOWN. 263\\nTyphoid Fevej The most dreaded of the contagious diseases\\nthat have occurred for many years has been typhoid fever. Per-\\nhaps it has not created as much fear and excitement as some\\nothers; but its hold upon the community from 1840, until within\\ntwenty years, or less, has been strong.\\nWhen the only water supply of the village consisted of the springs\\nand wells near the houses, where the pollution of the soil penetrated\\nto their waters, this disease was fearfully prevalent. Until 1871\\nthere were no sewers to carry off the slops and the surface waters.\\nThese laid until the soil took them up, or until they evaporated,\\n.accompanied by more or less noxious gases, and were hot beds\\nfor the propagation of the germs of various diseases. Typhoid\\nfever is the result of filth. When man gets the soil about his dwell-\\ning and water supply filled with pollutions of all sorts, he is making\\nconditions that favor this dreadful malady. Once it reaches the\\nsprings or wells from which water is taken, its spread is certain and\\nrapid in proportion to the amount of the water used.\\nThe disease was epidemic in the village in 1864. At times there\\nwere more than a dozen cases, all confined to a very limited area\\nnone of them was south of the court-house. Again in 1881 there\\nwere some twenty cases, all confined to the southern end of Main\\nstreet. The cause of their spread was found by Dr. F. A. Colby,\\nwho studied them and reported to the State Board of Health, to\\nhave been local.\\nSince those two instances there have been cases in different parts\\nof the town, but not epidemic.\\nSince the putting in of what was known as the Allen system\\nof water pipes from several good springs outside the village limits,\\nwhich were kept pretty clean, the number of cases has been\\ngradually decreasing. Since the present system of water-works\\nhas been generally supplying the citizens of the village with pure\\nwater the disease has been losing its hold upon the community.\\nDifhthe7-{a. This disease first made its appearance in town\\nduring March, 1863, when two deaths resulted from it. The first\\nwas a child of J. H. Woodward s, which died March 17. The next\\nto succumb to its fatal ravages was Maria, daughter of Asahel\\nAllen, March 18. Other cases recovered, but the community was\\nwild with fear lest it should decimate the village. The source of\\nthat outbreak is not known with any degree of certainty.\\nThere were occasional cases of it until 1879 and 1880, when it\\nbecame epidemic again. Much excitement prevailed over it at that\\ntime as there were many cases -and a number of deaths. From July\\n2, 1879, to February 5, 1880, there were not less than twenty deaths\\nfrom it. It invaded the homes of cleanliness and comfort as well\\nas those of filth and squalor. Its only victims were children.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "264 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAgain in 1895 and 1896 it broke out with the result of some\\ndozen, or possibly more, cases with only two deaths. The use of\\nantitoxin, the new remedy, was found very effective in all the\\ncases in which it was used, and has tended to allay, somewhat, the\\nfear of people that it is an almost necessarily fatal disease.\\nDuring February and March, 1832, there was an epidemic of what\\nthe people then called canker rash. It was so general through-\\nout the town as to cause the authorities to close the schools.\\nThirty children died of the disease in the two months that it pre-\\nvailed. Just what the disorder was is hard to say. The name is a\\ncommon one, and is not recognized as conveying any definite knowl-\\nedge of the disease. It is not impossible that it was diphtheria in a\\nmilder form perhaps than is common. The same disease is said to\\nhave broken out in 1774 and 1775, from which more than a dozen\\ndeaths resulted.\\nScai let Fever. This disease has only been known to have been\\nalarmingly epidemic once in Lancaster, though for many years\\nthere have been more or less cases of it. From November, 1873,\\nto April, 1874, there were many cases from which there were\\ntwenty-one deaths recorded. From that time to the present year\\nthere have been occasional cases both in the village and in the\\ncountry districts, with but few fatalities. The number of cases is\\nsteadily growing less from year to year, and soon it may be hoped\\nthat the disease will be quite as infrequent as some of the other\\ncontagious diseases have become.\\nConsumption. Although consumption is seldom thought or\\nspoken of as becoming epidemic, yet it is a contagious disease that\\nhas wrought sad havoc among the people of Lancaster. Very early\\nin the present century it was supposed that this so-called pulmonary\\ndisorder was a result of the climate alone. The climate is a factor\\nin its development, but never in its inception. It is a germ disease,\\nand unless the germs of tuberculosis be introduced into the system\\nthrough food or drink, or by contact in some way, the climate\\nwould never cause a man to be sick of consumption, It is often so\\nslow in its course after the inoculation of the system that many\\npeople fail to associate the real cause with the first visible effects\\nthat strike terror to their hearts.\\nAnother fallacious notion about this disease is that it is hereditary,\\npassing from one generation to another. Just how much truth there\\nmay be in that notion is not well known to-day but it is probably\\nan admixture of fact and fallacy, and of but little importance in\\ndetermining the probabilities of the disease. Even in what are\\nregarded as hereditary cases of consumption, there are mediums for\\nthe spreading of the germs from one generation to another as above\\nindicated.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "EPIDEMICS THAT HAVE VISITED THE TOWN. 265\\nJust what were the mediums of its spread in this town from 1840\\nto 1890, is not now ascertainable; but that the germs of the dis-\\nease were spread through the medium of food, drink, and contact is\\nbeyond doubt. Beef, milk, and possibly some other articles of food\\nand drink are the chief sources of its spread. It is a well-known\\nfact to-day that cattle take tuberculosis, and through the consump-\\ntion of their flesh and milk the disease is communicated to man. A\\nsecond dangerous means of its spread is through the sputa of the\\ninfected person. This is often spat upon the walks and floors, and\\ncarried on the feet of others into their homes, where upon becom-\\ning dry it floats in the air and is inhaled, when if the lungs be the\\nleast sore the germs find a footing in the system favorable to their\\ngrowth.\\nHowever it happened, the disease existed in this town from about\\n1830 to 1890, when it began rapidly to decline. Some years there\\nwere nearly fifty deaths from this disease alone and at no time\\nduring that period were there less than half that number per year.\\nThe rapid decrease in the number of cases of this malady is due\\nto the several factors of purer water, healthier beef and milk. The\\nbulk of the meat eaten in the village to-day is from the Western\\nstates, where conditions are more favorable to the production of\\nhealthy meats. The Western meats are carefully inspected by the\\ngovernment, and what is not healthy does not reach us. The people\\nwho produce their own milk and butter have better facilities now\\nfor securing a healthy product than ever before in the history of\\nthe town and those who produce milk and butter to supply the\\nmarket, exercise more care in keeping their cows healthy and get-\\nting the products into the market in proper conditions.\\nWith a better enforcement of the health laws, purer water supply,\\ngood surface drainage and sewers, and a more intelligent compli-\\nance with the laws of health on the part of the people at large, Lan-\\ncaster has become one of the healthiest places in northern New\\nEngland. A study of its vital statistics reveals the fact that in 1846,\\nwith a population of 1,400, there were 224 deaths that year; in the\\nfollowing year with a decrease of population there were 246 deaths;\\nin 1848, there were 234 deaths; 1849, there were 177.\\nThose were times when everybody drank spring water, or that of\\na well that drained his dooryard there were no sewers, and the\\nsurface of the streets were not graded to carry off the waters from\\nsnow and rains there was no regard for health laws no atten-\\ntion was paid to the sanitary conditions of things anywhere in the\\ntown, save as the intelligence of now and then a single family would\\ndictate that they should exercise some care of their own premises.\\nNo one then could so readily require and compel his neighbors to\\nkeep their premises clean as he can now do through the board of", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "266 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nhealth. The natural result of all this change is that, with a popula-\\ntion three times as great as we had in 1845, the number of deaths\\nhas fallen below fifty a year. In 1895 there were but thirty-seven\\ndeaths, three of which were from old age one was a transient\\nguest coming to one of the hotels sick, and died there five were\\ninfants of stillbirths. That leaves but twenty-six persons who died\\nof disease and even some of those diseases, as apoplexy, cannot be\\nattributed to climate or other local conditions.\\nFor the present year there were fifty-one deaths. This includes\\nthree infants that died at birth; two drowned three of old age;\\none homicide (accidental), leaving but forty-two that died of\\ndisease.\\nThese two years represent the extremes reached in the death rate\\nsince 1890 and the average of these two years is the same as that for\\nthe last six years 44. From this should be taken the average of\\ndeaths from accident, old age, and others not resulting from disease\\nan average of ten per year, leaving but thirty-four as the average\\nnumber of deaths from disease per year, which makes less than ten\\nin a thousand of the population.\\nIn the light of these facts it may be confidently stated that this\\ntown is as healthy a place in which to live, as one can find with so\\nmany of the conveniencies and luxuries of life as are to be found\\nhere. With the improvements, already referred to, there is every\\nreason to expect a marked improvement in the health conditions in\\nthe town in the immediate future.\\nThe vital statistics of the State Board of Health show Lancaster\\nto be second to no other town in the state for healthfulness. The\\ndeath rate is far below the average for the state.\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nTHE RAILROADS.\\nNo matter has been of more vital interest to Lancaster than that\\nof railroad connection with the other sections of the state, and with\\nthe markets in which she must buy and sell the things from which\\nher people were to get their subsistence and comforts. When\\nrailroad construction became an assured fact within the state the\\npeople here at once took a lively interest in the probabilities of\\ngetting a road so far north as to connect them with the rest of the\\nfast-going world, for it was apparent to any one of a discerning mind\\nthat the old stage-coach pace had been broken, and that to prosper,\\nthe people of even so remote a town as Lancaster would have to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "THE RAILROADS. 26/\\nreach that pace or be left to see her sons and daughters forsake her\\nfor other fields of enterprise.\\nIn the history of this town we see how a railroad coming within a\\nday s journey by team of a prosperous community, disturbs it and\\nthrows every sort of enterprise out of relation and harmony with\\nsimilar ones on the line of the roads. Accordingly when railroads\\nwere an assured fact north of Concord, the people in Lancaster be-\\ngan to make arrangements to encourage the completion of a road\\nto this point, by means of a branch from the main line on the Con-\\nnecticut river up the Ammonoosuc River valley.\\nThe practical business men of that day saw that with a railroad up\\nthat valley, the town would be only a few hours further from Boston\\nthan the towns below it with which they had sustained a rather\\nuneven rivalry in point of business for some years, and which towns\\nif nearer the proposed railroad would bolt ahead and leave Lancas-\\nter an unprosperous back district. This the people did not intend\\nto see happen if a live effort on their part could prevent a fate so\\ndireful.\\nThe matter of a railroad was discussed in all its features pro and\\ncon for several years, when the leading spirits in town made a bold\\nmove to bring about what seemed the most needed of all things a\\nrailroad.\\nThe following notice appeared in the Cods County Democrat^\\nDecember 28, 1844:\\nNotice is hereby given that a meeting of the citizens of Coos county will be\\nholden at the Court House in Lancaster, on the nth. day of January next, at\\nten o clock, forenoon, for the purpose of considering the expediency of connect-\\ning the City of Montreal with the seaboard east of the City of Boston. All per-\\nsons desiring the accomplishment of the above object are invited to attend\\nSigned by the following-named sixty-five men\\nA. N. Brackett, G. W. Perkins, David Burnside, John W. Hodgdon, Thomas\\nS. Hodgdon, L B. Gorham, Nelson Cross, John Bellows, Turner Stephenson,\\nGeorge W. Moore, A. N. Brackett, Jr., J. W. Lovejoy, Wm. D. Spaulding, H.\\nC. Harriman, Wm. J. Brown, J. W. Barney, Chas. B. Allen, Allen Smith,\\nEdward Melcher, Stephen Hayes, Joseph Roby, Francis Wilson, William Samp-\\nson, Harvey Adams, George Alexander, Lewis C. Porter, Jacob Benton, Samuel\\nRines, Lucitanus Stephenson, Saunders W. Cooper, Hosea Gray, Heber Blan-\\nchard, Reuben L. Adams, Benjamin Hunking, Charles Bellows, John H. White,\\nGorham Lane, John S. Wells, Harvey Howe, Richard P. Kent, Reuben Stephen-\\nson, John Wilson, J. C. Cady, George Bellows, Zadoc Cady, Guy C. Cargill,\\nRoyal Joyslin, Frederick Fisk, Robert Sawyer, Wm. T. Carlisle, James H. Hall,\\nAsa Gould, Thomas B. Moody, Joseph Mathews, Asa Wesson, J. W. Williams,\\nJohn C. Moore, Samuel Mclntire, Briant Stephenson, Horace Whitcomb, Anson\\nFisk, Charles Cady, Joel Hemmenway, Joseph Moulton, George W. Ingerson.\\nJust what was said and done at that meeting I have been unable\\nto learn beyond the fact that a survey of a railroad was determined", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "268 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nupon, and carried out. As a result of that survey a road was pro-\\njected from the main Hne of the Boston, Concord Montreal rail-\\nroad in the town of Haverhill (at Woodsville) to Lancaster, on prac-\\ntically the same survey that was later followed in building the present\\nroad. Railroad meetings were held at all points of any impor-\\ntance along the proposed line of the road from the time of that sur-\\nvey until it had become a settled fact that a road was to be built.\\nIn Lancaster such a meeting was held at the old Coos Hotel, kept\\nby Joseph C. Cady, on the corner of Main and Canal streets.\\nThere, on November 22, 1847, were gathered an assemblage of\\nLancaster s business men to take into consideration what steps were\\nnecessary to be taken to secure a railroad either from the south or\\nfrom the east, as the Atlantic St. Lawrence railroad (now the\\nGrand Trunk) was talked of, and active measures had been taken\\ntoward securing a charter for it from the approaching term of the\\nlegislature.\\nOne result of this meeting was inducing the company to ask for\\na charter over one or the other of two routes from Gorham north-\\nward so that it might choose the most available one. There was a\\nwillingness on the part of the promoters of that road to come to\\nLancaster but it was not known, at the time, whether a road could\\nbe built through the towns of Randolph and Jefferson on account\\nof the hilliness of that section of country. The people of this town\\nbelieved that a road could be built through those towns and down\\nthe Isreals river valley through Lancaster and up the Connecticut\\nriver to reach its proposed northerly course to the St. Lawrence\\nvalley. The Lancaster people were too slow in the matter of settling\\nthe question of feasibility of a road through the Isreals river valley\\nroute. Had they foreseen a fact that time was to change the course\\nof that road to the disadvantage of this town they might have pre-\\nvented a charter issuing without an alternative route from Gorham\\nas the charter was issued on June 30, 1847. But Josiah Little, of\\nPortland, president of the road, had bought the water power at\\nBerlin Falls in 1844; a cl by the time the road was graded as far\\nas Gorham, it had become certain that boundless wealth was stored\\nin the timber lands that would be made accessible by running the\\nroad up the Androscoggin river. A result of that decision is seen\\nin the changing of the country about Berlin Falls from a howling\\nwilderness into a prosperous city (chartered as a city 1897), with\\na population far in excess of that of Lancaster; all of which is due\\nto the manufacturing of lumber and products from the timber of\\nthat section, and throwing much trade along the line of that road\\nwhich might have been concentrated here by having the road con-\\nstructed on the proposed route through Lancaster.\\nA strong effort was made, however, by Lancaster men to secure", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "THE RAILROADS. 269\\nthe road over that route. A public meeting was held at Town\\nhall, February 16, 1850, from which resulted a survey of the pro-\\nposed route. At a subsequent meeting, at the same place, March\\n20, 1850, for the same purpose the directors of the company were\\npresent and conferred with the citizens, and some rays of hope still\\nremained for the construction of the road on their proposed route.\\nThe survey went forward during the early fall of that year, and, as\\neverybody expected, proved that the route was practicable. The\\nsurvey showed that the grade was only sixty feet to the mile from\\nBowmans to Gorham, the only section of the route that was in any\\nway doubtful. The survey was made by the company s own engi-\\nneers, and was satisfactory in every particular.\\nWhile these movements of the At. St. L. R. R. were going on a\\nmove was being made to connect Lancaster with the B., C. M.\\nR. R. to the south by building a road from the main line of that\\nroad to connect with the At. St. L. R. R. at some point in Lan-\\ncaster. A charter to that effect was issued by the legislature\\nDecember 25, 1848, to the White Mountain Railroad company, as\\nthe outcome of a railroad convention held in Littleton September\\n16, 1848, which was largely attended by Lancaster people, and\\nothers along the proposed line of that road. A committee of ten\\nmen were appointed to cause a survey to be made, which they did,\\nfollowing in the tracks of the previous one we have mentioned.\\nThis effort was brought to naught through the magnifying of sup-\\nposed difificulties in its way. The real difficulty may be discovered\\nin the fact that on January 3, 1849, ^^^w charter was granted by\\nthe legislature to the Connecticut River and Montreal R. R. Co. to\\nbuild a road from some point on the B., C. M. R R., at or near\\nthe mouth of the Ammonoosuc river in Haverhill, or the terminus\\nof the B., C. M. R. R., up the Connecticut river to Lancaster, most\\nconvenient for connection with the At. St. L. R. R.\\nBetween the White Mountain R. R. Co. and the Connecticut\\nRiver M. R. R. a dispute arose that was carried before the rail-\\nroad commissioners, who held a hearing on the question as to which\\ncompany had the lawful right to build the road. Their decision\\nwas rendered May 24, 1849, in favor of the latter company. Hav-\\ning gained their end this company was not satisfied to go on and\\nbuild the road according to the condition of its charter. The incor-\\nporators of the White Mountain Railroad under the charter of Dec. 2 5\\n1848, were: Royal JoysHn, R. P. Kent, Jas. W. Weeks, Wm. D.\\nSpaulding, Wm. Burns, Presbury West, Jr., N. D. Day, L. Johnson,\\nL. Montgomery, John M. Gove, and Morris Clark. This road was\\ndesigned to be an extension of the C. M. R. R., from Woodsville\\nto Lancaster.\\nThis road was built as far as Littleton in 1853, and for a number", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "2/0 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nof years no move was made by the company to fulfil its contract\\nwith the state to construct the road to Lancaster. Satisfied that the\\ncompany intended to let the matter rest where it then stood, the\\npeople of this section interested themselves and secured the forma-\\ntion of a new company the Ammonoosuc Valley R. R. Co. A\\ncharter was granted this company July 14, 1855, authorizing it to\\nbuy the White Mountain Railroad and to build a road from said rail-\\nroad in Littleton to some point on the At. St. Lawrence R. R. in\\nLancaster. At this time there was an arrangment between the\\nlatter company and some of the citizens of Lancaster for the con-\\nstruction of a branch of the At. St. L. R. R. from Northumber-\\nland to Lancaster, which was considered in the legislature of 1854.\\nLater, through the violation of the agreement by the company, it\\nwas not carried out, which we shall see caused the Ammonoosuc\\nValley R. R. Co. to break its contract with the people, or rather\\nviolate its charter, through which the same was forfeited.\\nWhen the At. St. L. R. R. had gone up the Androscoggin val-\\nley in 1850, and was completed to Northumberland, a movement\\nwas set on foot in Lancaster, by a number of citizens who had been\\nso long engaged in the effort to get a railroad, to secure a branch\\nof that road from Northumberland into Lancaster down the Connec-\\nticut river. They had been successful in securing from the company\\nan agreement to that end and the star of hope still shone in their\\nhorizon. The company, however, saw fit to break its agreement and,\\nto heal the wound their conduct made, tendered the citizens the sum\\nof $20,000 as a forfeit for their non-compliance with the agreement.\\nWhen this project failed the Ammonoosuc Valley R. R. Co.\\ndropped their projected road from Littleton to Lancaster. Nothing\\nmore was done to further the matter of road building until the win-\\nter of i858- 59, when another popular movement among inter-\\nested citizens led to the formation of the White Mountain Railroad\\ncompany, which secured a charter June 27, 1859, for a road from\\nWoodsville to some point on the At. St. L. R. R., to take the\\nproperty of the White Mountain Railroad and succeed it. This effort\\ncame to naught, like so many others, chiefly because of financial\\ndifficulties in the way of its construction. Nobody believed that the\\nroad would pay, and that it would cost so much to build it that it\\ncould not be made a success in any sense. Before these objections\\ncould be fully cleared up by proper considerations, the Civil War had\\nbroken out and drawn attention away from such enterprises. Every-\\nbody was so absorbed in the great questions of the war, raising sol-\\ndiers, paying bounties, and supporting the families of the men who\\nenlisted in the service of their country, that no time or disposition\\nwas left for building railroads until the fate of the war was known\\nand decided.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "THE RAILROADS. 2/1\\nNear the close of the war, or in the early months of 1864, another\\neffort was set on foot to secure the building of the much-planned-\\nfor railroad from Littleton to Lancaster. A new company was\\nformed under the name of the Coos Railroad Company, which\\nsecured a charter July 16, 1864, for building a road from the ter-\\nminus of the White Mountain Railroad in Littleton to some convenient\\npoint on the Grand Trunk Railway (formerly the At. St. L. R. R.)\\nin Northumberland. The people set themselves resolutely to the\\ntask again with renewed courage but alas No immediate results\\nfollowed their earnest efforts. No road could then be built.\\nA road as far as Littleton was a good thing for Lancaster, but if\\nthat was a blessing, a road running into town was of a hundredfold\\nmore value to their enterprises. The connection, by team, with the\\nAt. St. L. R. R. was much better than with the road at Littleton\\nas it was not one half as great a distance, so all the freight that\\ncould be moved over that road reached Lancaster by way of North-\\numberland. It was plain that if the roads to the south were to\\nshare, to any very great extent, in the traflEic of the northern section\\nof the county they must reach Lancaster, at least, if not the Grand\\nTrunk. Various efforts were made during the next four years to\\ninduce the B., C. M. R. R. Co. to take hold of the matter, and\\nhelp along the building of the road. The company finally made\\nthe proposition to the towns, through which it was to pass, that if\\nthey would prepare the roadbed free of cost to the company, and\\nready for the iron, that it would then lay the iron and operate the\\nroad. This brought the matter to a point where it was finally set-\\ntled by the town issuing bonds to enable the company to build the\\nroad. The road was built to Whitefield early in 1869, a formal\\nopening of which was held in May of that year. On June 5, 1869,\\nat a special town-meeting, Lancaster voted 256 to 50 to bond the\\ntown to the amount of five per cent, of its valuation (all the law\\nallowed) to the Boston, Concord Montreal Railroad company, on\\ncondition that the company build a road into Lancaster by the first\\nof July, 1 87 1. To this the company readily acceded, and at once\\nmade preparations to build the road, though actual operation did\\nnot, for some reason, begin until the spring of 1870. On April 30,\\n1870, S. S. Thompson, of Lyndonville, Vt., and John Lindsey, of\\nLancaster, took the contract to grade the road from Whitefield to\\nLancaster. They did their work rapidly and well, so that by the\\nfirst of October the track was being laid into the village and on\\nOctober 10, 1870, nine months before the limits of time set for the\\ncompletion of the road, the cars were running. The first train of out\\nfreight, consisting of thirteen cars of cattle and sheep, loaded at the\\nChessman road, was carried over the road on that date. The first\\npassenger train had come from Whitefield on the fifth of October.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "272 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nRegular passenger trains were not run until about the end of the\\nmonth.\\nThis was an event not to be passed over slightly, so a public and\\nformal opening was decided upon for October 29. Many distin-\\nguished guests were invited from abroad, and everybody in and\\nnear Lancaster turned out to celebrate the event. A committee\\nwas appointed to attend to arranging all the details of the occasion,\\nand invite those whom it was thought should be present and parti-\\ncipate in the exercises.\\nThe committee consisted of Col. Henry O. Kent, Hon. Jacob\\nBenton, Hon. B. F. Whidden, Col. B. H. Corning, Hon. Ossian\\nRay, and Mr. John Lindsey.\\nCol. Henry O. Kent was chief marshal of the day, with Edmund\\nBrown and B. H. Corning as aids. The Lancaster Cornet band\\nfurnished music.\\nAn excursion train was run from Plymouth on that day, leaving\\nthere at forty minutes past seven, reaching Lancaster a little before\\nnoon. The train was drawn by the new engine named Lancaster,\\nwhich had recently been built for the road by A. Blood of Man-\\nchester. The conductor was the noted old stage-driver, Seth Green-\\nleaf, son of David Greenleaf, the miller of Lancaster. His mother\\nwas Ruth Stockwell Hutchins, granddaughter of Emmons Stockwell.\\nSeth Greenleaf had driven stage from Lancaster to Concord and\\nBoston when the trip required three days and now after all those\\nyears he was privileged to run the first train of cars into his native\\ntown.\\nOn the arrival of the excursion train it was met by the committee,\\nand hailed by the citizens who had turned out in large numbers.\\nThe invited guests from a distance were escorted to the Lancaster\\nHouse and American House by the committee, band, and citizens,\\nwhere at both places sumptuous dinners had been prepared for the\\ninvited company. The chief function was at the Lancaster House,\\nwhere Landlord Elijah Stanton had prepared a most elaborate din-\\nner. Hither the main part of the company of invited guests and\\ncitizens were escorted. There were present the following persons\\nfrom out of town\\nJohn E. Lyon of Boston, president of the B., C. M. R. R. Co.\\nJ. A. Dodge of Plymouth, superintendent of the road Francis\\nCogswell of Boston, president Boston Maine Railroad Stephen\\nKenrick, president Concord Portsmouth Railroad S. N. Bell, pres-\\nident Suncook Valley Railroad; A. H. Tilton of Tilton, J. P. Pitman\\nof Laconia, J. W. Lang of Meredith, directors B., C. M. R. R.\\nHon. G. W. Kittredge of Newmarket, director B. M. R. R. ex-\\nGovernor Frederick Smyth of Manchester, Gen. Natt Head of Hook-\\nsett, Col. John H. George, Nathaniel White, Hon. N. W. Gove, Gen.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "THE RAILROADS. 2 73\\nM. T. Donahoe, Col. Peter Sanborn, Hon. Charles P Sanborn\\nGeorge A^Pillsbury, Col. Charles H. Roberts, Hon. John KTmball\\nJohn V. Barron Capt. William Walker, Col. Thomas J. Whipple\\nand others of Concord, N. H. Mayor James A. Weston, Hon\\nE. W. Harrington, Col. James S. Cheney, Hon. M. V. B. Edgerly\\nM J ^g^ L.W. Clark, and others o i\\nManchester N. H. William B. Dodge, Benjamin L. Reed, Seth\\nA rSii w7 L\u00c2\u00b0^^ Frothingham,\\nA. F. S, e, Wm.am F. Homer, and John Cilley of Boston, Mass.\\nHon. Oilman Scripture and Hon. A. H. Dunlap of Nashua, N H\\nHon. Daniel Barnard of Franklin, N. H., George W. Hills and D^\\nAaron Ordway o Lawrence, Mass., J. H. Huntress of Centre Har^\\nW-n- sett. Stark Tolman of Lowell, Mass., Hon\\nWilham Blair John C.Moulton, and E. A. Hibbari of L;con a;\\nN. H., Col. A. H. Bellows of Walpole, N. H., Mai George D\\nSavage of Alton N. H., George M. fierring of Farmiligton? I S.]\\nGen M ^-dair of Bethlehem, Gen. John Bedel and\\nGen. J^ M. Jackman of Bath, N. H., Sylvester Marsh, Hon\\nHarry Bingham, Hon. George Bingham, Maj. E. W Farr Col\\nCyrus Eastman, and Hon. C. W. Rand of Littleton, N. H and re-\\nporters or the press of Concord, Boston, Manchester. Laconia\\nLake Village, and Portland. ^^dconia.\\nThe company having been seated at the table, divine blessing\\nwas asked by Rev. H. V. Emmons of Lancaster\\nh.M^ u Z^ K^-^y P^^ y ^aned to order\\nH^n b f Whidd if i arrangements, when\\n^rTr.il Wh dde was called upon to preside, which he did with\\ngracefulness and dignity. After-dinner speaking was indulged\\nm by many persons until it was time to march back to ake the\\ntrain on its return trip. Hon. Mr. Whidden made a pleasant speech\\nof welcome which was replied to by President John E. Lyon in\\nwhich he recounted some of the experiences of his compTy n\\nbuilding the new road. Other speeches were made by Colone\\nKent, President Cogswell of the B. M. R. R., Hon. OsLn Ra\\nlowell r J Marden, editor of the\\nLowell C^..r..r read a poem; Hon. Jacob Benton, Col. J H\\nGeorge, Hon. Daniel Barnard, John B. Clark, editor Manchester\\nwTj^nT Z l^T^ Sanborn, Gen. Natt Head\\nR lo i^ if T ^^P Seth Adams, and Hon. Cheste\\nB Jordan a 1 spoke briefly. The exercises closed with the sinJin.^\\nWhii: t^Z Stubbs of Lisb n^\\nWhile these exercises were going on at the Lancaster House sim:\\nliar ones were being enacted at the American House where\\nspeeches were made by Hon. Harry Bingham, Col Thomas T\\nWhipple, Judge L. W. Clark. Hon. E. W^ Ha;rington: anrGen.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "2 74 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nM. T. Donahoe. These exercises, highly enjoyed by all present,\\nbut by none so much as Lancaster people, were closed in time to\\nmarch back under the escort of the committee, band, and citizens\\nto take the train at twenty minutes past three o clock in the after-\\nnoon.\\nThus was celebrated one of the most important events in the his-\\ntory of northern New Hampshire, and one of the most significant\\nrailroad enterprises in the state, since the building of the main\\nline of the road but withal, it came twenty years too late to give\\nLancaster the full benefit that a railroad should have given. Had\\nthe effort of 1846 resulted in the building of the proposed road,\\nthere is no room to doubt that Lancaster would to-day have been\\none of the most prosperous cities in the state. Railroads make,\\nand sometimes unmake, communities. At all events they exercise\\na potent influence in shaping the destiny of towns. Like all our\\nblessings, if properly managed, they are a benefit, if not, they\\nbecome a curse that eats out the life of a community.\\nThe new road was without a proper depot building until the\\nspring of 1871, when a moderate-sized one was erected north of\\nwhere the present one now stands. This gave way in 1893 to the\\npresent most creditable structure, pleasing to the citizens and a\\ncredit to the company.\\nIn 1872 the road was extended to Groveton in Northumberland\\nto connect with the Grand Trunk Railway, an arrangement very\\ngratifying to the people at both ends of the extension.\\nIn 1873 these small roads were consolidated with the B., C.\\nM. R. R., the owners of them receiving the company s bonds to the\\namount of $30,000, at six per cent, interest as a consideration.\\nFrom June, 1884, to June, 1887, the road was under the manage-\\nment of the Boston Lowell Railroad company, which company\\nhad leased the B., C. M. R. R., for ninety-nine years. In 1887\\nthe Boston Lowell leased it to the Boston Maine Railroad\\ncompany, under which company its management now is.\\nT/ie Atlantic St. Lawrence f orfeit ^$20,000. Returning to\\nthis matter, we find that at a meeting held in the town hall, August\\n24, 1854, some sort of arrangement was made between the citizens\\nand the representatives of the railroad company by which the latter\\nwere to build the branch from Northumberland to Lancaster. Fail-\\ning to keep their contract with the people, the company forfeited to\\nthem the sum of $20,000 as the outcome of proposed legislation at\\nConcord.\\nThere were fifty-four citizens who had carried on this measure in\\nthe interest of the town, but without any legal authority to do any\\nact that would involve the town financially. Neither had there ever\\nbeen any action taken by the town as a party to these transactions.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "THE RAILROADS. 275\\nThey had from first to last been carried forward by private indi-\\nviduals acting together for what they considered the interests\\nof their town. Now finding themselves with so large a sum of\\nmoney in their hands that did not legally belong to them, nor yet\\ndid it legally belong to the town, these men felt themselves\\nmorally bound to use it to promote some important public interest.\\nAfter much deliberation it was decided, first to pay $2,000 for all\\nexpenses previously incurred, and to use the balance in building a\\ngood hotel, something the town was much in need of for many\\nyears. Accordingly these men met July 22, 1856, and took formal\\naction to organize themselves into a private company to carry out\\nthis purpose. Several meetings were held, and officers were elected\\nto carry their plans into effect. A committee was chosen to audit\\naccounts for money spent, and time devoted to the effort to secure y\\nthe branch road. That committee consisted of John Dewey, Rue- 1/\\nben C. Benton, and William Heyvvood. Another committee was\\nchosen to select a site, and buy land on which to build the pro-\\nposed hotel, and consisted of William Burns, Jacob Benton, John W.\\nBarney, John H. White, and Richard P. Kent. Five directors were\\nchosen, and a treasurer, who was placed under bonds for the faith-\\nful disposition of the money according to the directions of the\\ncompany, which now took the name of the Lancaster Hotel Com-\\npany.\\nAn effort was later made to turn the amount of this money\\nremaining after the expenses allowed by the auditors were paid\\nover to Lancaster Academy, but the majority still favored the hotel\\nproject, and the committee for that purpose was instructed to go\\non and build the hotel as planned. Accordingly, the lot of ground\\nwhere the present Lancaster House now stands was purchased of\\nDr. John Dewey, and a good three-story hotel, the first Lancaster\\nHouse, was built. After its completion it was rented for some time,\\nand finally the directors of the hotel company decided to sell it.\\nAlthough the hotel represented a property value of about $15,000,\\nit was decided to sell it for a nominal sum, regarding the difference\\nbetween the price asked and the actual value of the property as a\\nbonus to the purchaser in consideration of its proper management\\nas a necessary convenience of the town.\\nThe sum of $7,000 was realized out of the sale of the hotel,\\nwhich was turned over to the Lancaster Academy upon condition\\nof David A. Burnside of that institution using the money to com-\\nplete a new building for the school, which it did, and it, in due time,\\nreceived the money.\\nOut of this failure to get a railroad, the town got as an offset to\\nthe disadvantage sustained by the failure, a good hotel and the\\nacademy, then, as for many years, the pride of the town, a build-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "2/6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ning that gave it a new lease on life and sent it on a useful ca-\\nreer for the next quarter of a century. It is difficult to think of\\nany better use that sum of money could have been put to in order\\nto serve the best interests of the town. Lancaster needed nothing,\\nthen, so much as a good hotel, and the one built by that committee\\nwas a first-class one. Then, too, it was before the days of high\\nschools. The common school of that time was not equal to the\\ndemands for a practical education. For such the people had to\\nlook to academies, and the one located here could render the people\\nbetter service than any other away from home so the endowment\\nto it was timely and wise. The committee was the town s faithful\\nsteward in these important measures.\\nThe Kilkenny Railroad. In 1879 the Kilkenny railroad, from\\nLancaster to the town of Kilkenny, was first projected and char-\\ntered as a logging road to reach a heavy body of spruce and\\nhardwood timber on Kilkenny mountains and about the foothills.\\nIt was projected by Lancaster men, some of whom were inter-\\nested in the timber of the section it was calculated to reach, while\\nothers interested themselves in the matter simply to help along\\nan enterprise of considerable value to the business interests of the\\ntown, as connected with existing business.\\nA company was organized under the name of the Lancaster\\nKilkenny Railroad company, and a charter procured July 18, 1879,\\nto build a road from some point on the B., C. M. R. R. near\\nthe bridge over Isreals river to the forks of Garland brook, near\\nthe base of Round mountain in the town of Kilkenny.\\nThe directors were Henry O. Kent, Frank Smith, B. H. Corning,\\nJoseph A. Dodge, and Samuel N. Bell. The officers were: H. O.\\nKent, president J. I.Williams, clerk; S. H. LeGro, treasurer; ex-\\necutive committee J. A. Dodge, H. O. Kent, and Frank Smith,\\nThe company employed an engineer, Col. Charles C. Lund of\\nConcord, to make a survey, which revealed a practicable route.\\nThis plan contemplated the erection of saw-, pulp-, and paper-mills,\\non the property of the Lancaster Manufacturing Company at the\\nupper dam, in the village; but the land coming under control of\\npromoters, it was not carried out. The road would have gone\\nup Isreals river to the Weeks meadow, and then across by the\\nGrange to the Willard Basin. Later, the Littleton Lumber\\nCo., of which Charles Eaton and Henry C. Libbey were the prin-\\ncipal men, secured a new charter, and built in 1887 a surface road\\nleading from near the station via the rear of Summer Street cemetery\\nto the old line near Spaulding mills, in District 15, and with this\\nline cleared the land, manufacturing the timber outside the town\\nlimits.\\nThe Maine Central Railroad. As early as 1864 an attempt", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "Coaching Parade, 1895.\\nMaine Central Station.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "THE RAILROADS. 2/7\\nwas made to get a railroad built through the White Mountain\\nNotch, where the Maine Central railroad now runs. A company was\\nformed under the name of the Portland, White Mountain Ogdens-\\nburg R., R. Co., and a charter procured from both the Maine and\\nNew Hampshire legislatures. The charter granted by the New\\nHampshire legislature was for a road from any point on the east-\\nerly boundary of the state, in Carroll county, to connect with the\\nPortland Ogdensburg Railroad of Maine, to some point on the\\nwesterly boundary of the state, in Monroe, Littleton, Dalton, or\\nLancaster.\\nFor some reason no progress was made within the time prescribed\\nby the charter, and on July 7, 1869, it was extended for five years.\\nThis charter also expired because no work was done on the pro-\\nposed road within that time, and nothing came of it further than to\\nkeep the importance of a road through that section before the\\npeople until the right time came to secure it. The projectors of\\nthat road were Maine and Vermont parties.\\nIn 1875 the Portland Ogdensburg Railroad was built from Port-\\nland to Fabyan s, reaching the latter place August 7, 1875. There\\nconnection was made with a branch of the White Mountains Rail-\\nroad, then under the control of the B., C. M. R. R., by which\\nmeans they reached Scott s Junction, and from there built two and\\none half miles of track, which enabled them to make connection\\nwith the St. Johnsbury Lake Champlain Railroad. The company\\nconcluded that they could not reach Littleton, and in 1877 asked\\nthe legislature to confirm their rights to the portion of road from\\nScott s to Lunenburg, which was conceded, and the arrangement\\nstill continues.\\nIn the spring of 1883 a charter was granted the Upper Coos Rail-\\nroad Company to build a narrow-gauge road from North Stratford\\nto Pittsburg, to connect with the Canadian Pacific Railroad. Their\\ncapital stock was only $45,000, a sum utterly insufficient to build,\\nequip, and operate a good road, and there was a demand for a\\nserviceable road over that route. Eleven thousand dollars of that\\nsum was paid in, when Frank Jones of Portsmouth, Charles A.\\nSinclair of Portsmouth, and George Van Dyke of Lancaster agreed\\nto take the enterprise off the hands of its promoters and build a\\nstandard-gauge road on condition of a bonus of $25,000 being raised\\nfor them. This offer was accepted and the bonus raised. The old\\ndirectors at once resigned and a new board was elected, consisting\\nof Frank Jones, J. B. Cook, G. M. Armstrong, I. W. Drew, Enoch\\nSweat, C. A. Sinclair, and George Van Dyke. The officers were:\\nGeorge Van Dyke, president; J. B. Cook, treasurer; Enoch Sweat,\\ngeneral manager. The capital stock was limited to $350,000.\\nThe road was built and opened for trafitic to Colebrook, Novem-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "2/8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nber 29, 1887. From Colebrook it was later extended to the Cana-\\ndian Pacific. This opened up a short route to Quebec; and as the\\nCanadian Pacific and the Maine Central roads were friendly to each\\nother, it led to the construction of what is now the Maine Central\\nroad through Lancaster when in 1890 the latter road got control of\\nthe old Portland Ogdensburg, through the White Mountains. In\\n1893 the Maine Central leased that road and the Upper Coos Rail-\\nroad, and laid a track from the main line, just over the line in the\\ntown of Carroll, through Whitefield, Jefferson, Lancaster, and\\nNorthumberland and thence across the Connecticut river, and up\\nthat stream, crossing over to connect with the line of the Upper\\nCoos Railroad at Stratford Junction, where it also connects with the\\nGrand Trunk. This gave Lancaster a second railroad connection,\\nby which it now possesses good facilities for reaching any point of\\ninterest in the business or social world.\\nWith the coming of the Maine Central Railroad in 1890, the popu-\\nlation of the village was augmented more than at any time in its\\nhistory, as there were many families connected with the operation\\nof the road that have had to reside here. The location of the\\nround-house here requires a number of men to care for the machin-\\nery of the road. It is expected that at no very distant day the\\nroad will erect repair shops here, also. The company have a fine\\ndepot and freight sheds and have made other improvements on their\\nproperty that add to the attractiveness of the road and grounds.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "PART II.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER I.\\nTHE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nGeology Botany Fish Reptiles Mammals Insects Birds Address\\nBY Col. H. O. Kent Before New Hampshire Fish and Game League.\\nThe history of Lancaster would be incomplete if we did not say\\nsomething of its natural history. Lack of space, however, forbids\\nus going into detailed treatment of the several branches of natural\\nhistory of the town. It is thought best to give a brief account of\\nits plant and animal life, as it exists to-day, with mention of the\\nmore important plants and animals that once abounded here but\\nare now extinct.\\nGEOLOGY.\\nLancaster is underlaid by the unstratified, or basic and acidic,\\nrocks which are of the oldest formation. These rocks are a coarse\\ngranite or gneiss of variable composition. There is considerable\\nsyenitic gneiss met with in town, and a very little mica schist.\\nOverlying this bed of rock are several varieties of soils, deposited\\nas drift of the glacial period, or by sedimentation, decay of the old\\ngneiss rocks, or by river drifts. The irregular angles of the primi-\\ntive rock ledges were all polished and worn by the glaciers. Val-\\nleys were plowed out, ridges thrown up, often leaving ponds, the\\nbottoms of which now afford vast meadows of uncommon fertility.\\nBefore the Connecticut river broke through the Fifteen-mile falls,\\nin the adjoining town of Dalton, the valley where Lancaster now\\nstands was a vast lake through which that river ran, and into which\\nIsreals river and many smaller streams then emptied their\\nwaters. With the successive breaks in the rocks of the ledge form-\\ning these falls, the waters of the lake were drawn off with sufficient\\nrapidity to cut new channels for the rivers and leave terraces in\\nmany places testifying to the magnitude of the lake and rivers.\\nFour distinct terraces were formed within the limits of the village of\\nLancaster. The first is that on Pleasant street, extending to the end\\nof Cottage street. It formed the plain on which the old town meet-\\ning-house stood. The second terrace, on the same side of Isreals\\nriver, is that level on which Elm street runs. This terrace forms\\nthe vast level of Main street. When the waters rushed out to form\\nthis level or terrace the mound, on which was located the first ceme-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "252 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntery of the town, became an island around which the waters found\\ntheir way, leaving it behind as a monument of their ravages. The\\nthird terrace is seen south of where the Boston Maine Railroad\\ncrosses Isreals river, in the section once known as Egypt, while the\\nfourth and last one is the level of the lower meadows along Isreals\\nriver and the Connecticut. In all these terraces the waters kept\\nlowering until to-day they flow fully fifty feet lower than they did\\nwhen the lake covered the valley. This change took place at the\\nclose of the ice flow of the glacial period, or when it melted so\\nrapidly as to produce water faster than the channels could carry it\\noff.\\nThroughout the town the glacial drift, or till, covers the slopes and\\noften the summits of the hills. The bowlders and irregular blocks\\nof stone spread over the town vary greatly in size and character of\\nformation. Very few fossils are found, and those only in the drift.\\nThe drift varies greatly from coarse gravel to immense bowlders,\\nsome of them weighing many tons. One of these granite bowlders,\\nnear the line between Lancaster and Northumberland, afforded all\\nthe stone for the stone house in which I. W. Hopkinson lives on\\nMain street, the county jail, and other buildings.\\nThe vast deposits of the drift afford rock for building purposes,\\nand the terraces sand for mortar and other uses. The soil varies\\nin kind and quality from coarse, gravelly and often rocky, to sandy\\nloam with many meadows where once were swamps in which deep\\ndeposits of vegetable matter were laid down, now a source of almost\\ninexhaustible richness. The soil is generally fertile, and with proper\\ntreatment yields a fair return to the farmers and dairymen.\\nThere are no minerals of any importance within the limits of the\\ntown. There are slight but unmistakable traces of gold-bearing\\nquartz in the southern part. In the vicinity of Martin Meadow\\npond there is the outcropping of a quartz formation that bears\\nslight traces of gold. There is also a fringe of drift around Mar-\\ntin Meadow hills, extending northward toward the Connecticut\\nriver almost to the village on the South Lancaster road. The quartz\\nin which it is found is attached to large bowlders that were trans-\\nported from across the Connecticut river. The same quartz is found\\nover vast distances north and west of Lancaster. Slight deposits\\nof iron ore, mostly bog ore, are to be found in several portions of the\\ntown. As early as 1794, when Emmons Stockwell rented a mill\\nprivilege on Isreals river (where Frank Smith Co. s mills now are)\\nhe reserved the right to take water out of the dam for the use of\\niron works that he contemplated building to use this bog ore.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 283\\nTHE TREES AND PLANTS OF LANCASTER.\\nBy Rev. George H. Tilton.\\nThe botany of Lancaster does not differ essentially from that of\\nother towns lying in the same range of vegetation. To an observer\\nof its primitive forests, however, the sombre colors of the Canadian\\nevergreens would appear somewhat modified. The dark, conical\\ntops of the black spruce, mingled with the lighter fir balsams, would\\ncharacterize the Vermont hills lying in our belt, and also the Kil-\\nkenny and White Mountain ranges, but the forest-crowned heights\\nof Lancaster were mainly of another sort. Here grew abundantly\\nthe rock maple, the spreading beech, the silvery white birch, and to\\nsome extent the red oak. Other trees were intermingled, but these\\npredominated. One hundred years ago the whole town was heavily\\nwooded, with the exception of a few small clearings which had been\\nmade by the early settlers. To an observer from the top of Mount\\nProspect, the eye would detect scarcely a break in the dense forest,\\nexcept the pond at Martin Meadow, the waters of the Connecticut,\\nthe Beaver Meadows on the South Lancaster road, and the small\\nclearing where the village now stands. As the eye swept down\\nfrom the variously wooded summits of the hills, and rested on the\\nhigher swells, it would behold a luxuriant growth of maple and\\nbeech, dwelling with special delight upon the magnificent forests of\\nrock maple, which furnished an abundant supply of sugar for the\\nearly settlers, and which it is a shame in the present scarcity of\\ngroves to destroy for the mere greed of gain. Descending still\\nlower, and surveying the vast Connecticut intervale, the eye would\\nscan hundreds of acres covered with tall and stately pines.\\nThese primeval pines grew to an enormous size, and if standing\\nto-day would be worth a vast fortune to their owners. Maj. J. W.\\nWeeks, one of the town fathers, in his sketch of Lancaster, describes\\none of them as four feet in diameter with the trunk perfectly sound\\nand straight ninety-eight feet from the ground where it was twenty-\\ntwo inches in diameter. Specimen boards from these primitive trees\\nmay still be seen in a fence on the Holton premises at the head\\nof Main street.\\nShading off from the dense pines and nearer the river might be\\nseen the butternut, which is indigenous to the soil, the black cherry\\nof large size, the choke cherry, a few birches, and above all the\\nstately elm towering, in some instances, to the height of sixty feet\\nup to the first limbs. Glancing again over the landscape, the eye\\nwould also observe certain swampy areas, which were covered with\\ncone-bearing trees, the black spruce, fir balsam, tamarack, and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "284 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nhemlock freely intermingling. This may answer in general for a\\ndescription of our primitive forests, though, of course, one class of\\ntrees is wont to shade off gradually into another, and in some places\\nthe hard woods and the cone-bearers would be found growing to-\\ngether.\\nAmong the other trees may be mentioned the arbor vitae, the\\nblack ash with its thin layers of wood used in basket work the\\npoplar, of which three species are found here the large poplar,\\nnow in demand for the manufacture of wood pulp the aspen-leaved\\npoplar, noted for the tremulous motion of its leaves, and the balm\\nof gilead {Populus candica^ts) -which, is often planted for ornament.\\nBesides the rock maple, the source not only of sugar but of the\\nfamous bird s-eye maple, there is also the white maple, a tall,\\nhandsome tree which is tapped for sugar, and often transplanted for\\nornament, the red maple which grows in swampy places, and which\\nfurnishes the variety called curled maple, so esteemed in cabinet\\nwork.\\nIn addition to the white birch already mentioned, there is the\\nyellow and the black birch, both used for lumber. The largest\\nwhite birches in the country are found in the White Mountain belt,\\nsome of them measuring two feet in diameter. The red cedar grows\\nin this belt, but very few, if any, trees are now to be found in town.\\nThe hemlock has largely disappeared. No chestnut or white oak\\ngrow here. The red oak was most common on the Martin Meadow\\nhills. The acorns were formerly fed in large quantities to the swine\\nand the beechnuts supplied food to the innumerable pigeons which\\ncame in the spring of the year and nested on the mountains.\\nThe primitive vegetation of Lancaster was far more luxuriant than\\nthe present growth, owing partly to the richness of the virgin soil,\\nand partly to the more abundant water supply. Now that the coun-\\ntry has been so largely denuded of its forests, there is less humidity\\nin the air, and all plant life suffers loss. The lakes and streams are\\nmuch smaller than formerly. On this point the oldest residents of\\nthe town speak very positively. They say that Isreals river, e. g.,\\ntogether with the streams and springs which feed it, have one third\\nless water on an average than they had fifty years ago. Even sup-\\nposing the annual rainfall to be the same, the moisture is not\\nretained as formerly so as to sustain a luxuriant plant growth, and\\ncause a steady, even flow in the streams.\\nThe splendid forests of a century ago were gradually cleared by\\nthe pioneers of the town and their descendants. Lumber was of no\\nvalue. The gigantic pines of the intervale were cut and burned so\\nfar as the fire would consume them, and thousands of the uncon-\\nsumed trunks were thrown into the Connecticut and carried down\\nthe stream. The hard woods were utilized by being burned to ashes", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 285\\nand made into salts of lye as the people called the potash thus\\nobtained. For many years this was an important article of com-\\nmerce, and in the great scarcity of money furnished a common\\nmedium of exchange.\\nAmong the shrubs of Lancaster worthy of special mention are the\\nfollowing\\nThe American yew Taxus canadensis) This is a low, strag-\\ngling, prostrate bush, found in moist woods. Its fruit is unique\\nresembling a red berry, round and pulpy. Within this pulpy disk\\nand nearly inclosed by it is a small nut-like seed. One would never\\nsuspect from the berry that it belonged to the cone-bearing family\\nand yet the berry is really a disguised cone. It is the only\\nspecies of yew in the United States. The mountain ash is another\\nof our indigenous shrubs. It has a wide range of growth, and is\\nfound on rocky mountain sides and along the banks of streams.\\nIts ample clusters of bright red berries give it a remarkable bril-\\nliancy in the autumn. In Europe it is called the Roman tree, where\\nit is associated with superstitious notions, being used for divining\\nrods, amulets, etc. As the European variety grows a little larger\\nthan our own, it is preferred for cultivation.\\nThe hazelnut is quite common, and is gathered by the children\\nfor its sweet, nutritious kernel.\\nThe high cranberry Vibtwmun opulus) grows quite abundantly\\nalong the roadsides. Its tart, red berries are often eaten as a sub-\\nstitute for the meadow cranberry, which is also indigenous to the\\ntown.\\nBlackberries and raspberries are abundant, and so are blueberries.\\nThe huckleberry i^Gaylussacta resinosal) is not found here. The\\nwild gooseberry and black currant may be found here and there by\\nroadsides and in pastures, particularly on Stebbins hill.\\nThe purple-flowering raspberry or mulberry i^Rubtis odoratus)\\ngrows luxuriantly on Mt. Prospect and elsewhere. It is a very\\nshowy plant when in blossom in July, and its berries are edible.\\nOne or two of the smaller species of sumach is found here but\\nnot the poisonous variety commonly known as dogwood (^J^/itis\\nvenenata). The poison ivy which belongs to the same genus is\\noccasionally seen.\\nThe common and the red-berried elder both grow along the\\nroadsides. The moosewood, the alder, and the willow are all found\\nin their proper habitat. There are several species of cornel, which\\nare the true dogwoods, and all innocent. Among these is the pretty\\ndwarf cornel or bunch-berry.\\nWe have also the rhodora, a species of rhododendron. It grows\\nabundantly, flowering in June before the leaves are developed.\\nThis beautiful flower suggests Emerson s lines written in its honor,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "2 86 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nDear, tell them that if eyes were made for seeing\\nThen beauty is its own excuse for being,\\nOf the smaller plants, Lancaster presents a great variety. A com-\\nplete list is not at hand, and if it were it would have little interest\\nin a popular history. The following are a few of the most interest-\\ning species\\nThe hepatica is the first plant to open its petals in the spring.\\nThere is a sunny spot on the southeast slope of Mt. Prospect, on the\\nJacobs farm, where the blossoms of this charming plant open by\\nthe middle of April, while the snow yet lingers in its neighborhood.\\nIt is a member of the crowfoot family, and is therefore first cousin\\nto the buttercups, anemones, marsh marigolds, etc.\\nThe Mayflower or trailing arbutus {^E^igcsa re^ens) is another\\nof the early blossomers. There is one place in town where it may\\nbe found, though only in small quantities. This spot is near the\\noutlet of Martin Meadow pond. It is a small, attractive blossom,\\nwith a most delicate fragrance a universal favorite.\\nThe spring beauty (^Claytonia Virginica) is also one of our\\nearly flowers, blossoming about the first of May. The plant grows\\nfrom a small tuber, and has two narrow opposite leaves from three\\nto five inches long and a pretty rose-colored blossom, its petals\\nbeing streaked with pink veins. It grows abundantly on our mead-\\nows. It belongs to the purslane family.\\nThe twin-flower {Linnaea bo? ealis) was named for the great\\nbotanist, Linnjeus. It belongs to the honeysuckle family. It is a\\ntiny plant with small, roundish leaves, and three peduncles, each\\nbearing at the top a pair of nodding, bell-shaped, roseate, fragrant\\nflowers. Its month is June. It is a charming little flower and\\nshould be more generally known. It is partial to moist, rocky\\nshades, and may be found in large quantities by the roadside in the\\nwoods just beyond Baker s hill. It was one of Emerson s favorites.\\nThe slight Linnaea hangs its twin-born heads.\\nThe forget-me-not (^Myosotis) is universally admired. It grows\\nin wet places, having a special fondness for the margin of brooklets.\\nIt is in blossom from May until August. Before opening the raceme\\nis coiled up like a scorpion and for this reason the plant is known\\nas scorpion grass. It has a pretty blue blossom with a yellow\\ncentre and is first cousin to the heliotrope. It grows in several\\nplaces in town, but is far more abundant in the adjoining town of\\nLunenburg.\\nThe composite family has a large representation here. One of\\nits most showy members is the cone flower (^Rudbeckia htrta),\\nwith large yellow rays, spreading from a brown, cone-like centre.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTFR. 28/\\nIn August it is conspicuous in grass fields among the daisies Then\\nthere is the golden ragwort of the meadows; the purple thorough-\\nwort and the boneset, the elecampane, the pearly everlasting; ?he\\nfireweed {Eplobtuni augustifolium) springing up where woods\\nhave been cleared and the ground burnt over; the bur-marigold or\\nbeggar-ticks of which the dry akenes adhere to the dress with\\ntheir two-barbed awns; the wild lettuce, the dandelion, the wild\\nsunflower, the fleabanes, and the whole troop of asters and golden-\\nrods.\\nThe lily family is represented by the bright Canada lily of the\\nmeadows the Solomon s seal of the woods, the bellwort, with a yel-\\nlowish blossom and commonly known as wild oats the white and\\npurple trillium or wake robin; the pretty smilicina, common in\\nwoods and low grounds and much used in bouquets, often called\\nimproperly -the wild Hly of the valley the dog s-tooth violet,\\nyellow adders tongue {Eryihronium Amcricanum), is everywhere\\nconspicuous with its yellow blossoms in the month of May\\nTo this family belongs the beautiful clintonia of the woods It\\nmaybe recognized by its two or more broad, smooth leaves near\\nthe ground, from whose base rises a naked scape about six inches\\nhigh, bearing an umbel of greenish-yellow flowers in June and a\\ncluster of bright blue berries in the autumn. In this connection\\nmay be mentioned the charming blue iris, or flower-de-luce of the\\nAI?. r V l; i ^f^ numerous pondweed family.\\nAlso the Nymfhiads, including the yellow pond lily, a favorite food\\nof the beaver and moose; and the white water lily, esteemed for its\\nbeauty and fragrance. The orchid family has many interesting\\nplants, including the handsome lady slipper. The prince pine\\nthe pyrola, the sarsaparilla, and the checkerberry {Gatdtheria)\\nare all natives of our woods. The fumatory family is represented\\nbreedres^ ge and the Dicentra or Dutchman s\\nOur milkweeds are conspicuous for their showy blossoms and\\ntheir pods filled with a fluffy down, nature s wings for wafting the\\nseeds. The strawberry should be mentioned both for its use and\\nbeauty; nor should the sweet violets and bluets of early summer be\\npassed by.\\nThese are some of the more striking and interesting of our native\\nplants, but to mention and describe them all would require a volume\\nespecially if we were to add a description of the lower forms of ve-e-\\ni^-\u00c2\u00b0wu ^^^^S tosses, and lichens, in alfof\\nwhich the town is especially rich. As these would awaken little\\npopular interest, only a single example of each will be siven Of\\ngrasses, the blue-joint is the most showy, and is esteemed as a\\nfood for cattle. Of the ferns, the beautiful maidenhair easily bears", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "288 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe palm and is not uncommon, especially in the Mt. Prospect\\nwoods. Of the club mosses, the three most common species are\\nfound here in abundance. Of mosses, the genus Fiinai-ia is, per-\\nhaps, the most common. Among the lichens, anyone may recog-\\nnize the Usnea barbata by its hanging in fringes from evergreens\\nin the swamps something after the manner of the long moss\\nTtllandsta) of the Southern states.\\nFISH.\\nThe darters {Poecilicthys). Striped darter {P. lincatus) dot-\\nted darter (P. puncttilatus) Johnny darter {Boleosotna brevi-\\n^matae)\\nPerch {Percidae). Yellow perch {P. Jluvescens) trout perch\\n(^Percopsis giittatus)\\nBass i^Microfterus). Big-mouthed, black h^iss, {M.Jiuvidamis)\\nsmall-mouthed, black bass (J/, salmoides).\\nSunfish {Pomoiis). Common sunfish {P. aureus).\\nTrout (Salmo). Brook trout (^S fontinalis) several varieties.\\nMinnow {^Melantira). Mud minnow {M. limi).\\nEsocidae. Muskellunge iyEsox nobili ar) little pickerel {E.\\nsahnoneus)\\nDace (ySemotihis) Common chub, or horned dace (6 corj)or-\\nulis)\\nShiners (^Noteniigonis) Common shiner {^N. Americanns)\\nSuckers (^Catostoniiis) Common mud sucker (C teres) red\\nhorse Teretuhis diiqiiesnei)\\nBull heads (^Amimiriis) Common bull head i^A. Americaniis)\\nbull pout (yA vulgaris)\\nEels {Agtiillidae) Common eel {A. vtilgarus)\\nREPTILES.\\nTurtles (^Testiidinata) Northern box turtle [Ctstudo ornatits)\\ncommong snapping turtle (^Chelydra stirpentiyms) soft-shelled\\nturtle (^Aspidonectes spinifer)\\nNote. Hon. J. W. Weeks tells me that the eel was not known in Lancaster until the\\notter had become extinct. It was supposed that the otter destroyed them. The salmon\\nwas once so plenty, before dams were built on the Connecticut river, as to have been one\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of the recognized sources of food for the early settlers. Every family was expected to\\nsalt down a barrel of salmon for the year. They did not become extinct until about 1808.\\nThey remained in the river through the winter until about that date. Shad probably\\nreached Lancaster in their ascent of the Connecticut river; but if they did they were not\\nregarded as of any importance as salmon were so abundant. The two were hindered\\nfrom ascending the river by the dam at Turner s Falls in 1803. At Littleton they were\\nrecognized, and an inspector of shad and salmon was one of the officials of the town.\\nTrout were found here by the first settlers in inexhaustible quantities, and continued\\nplenty until the streams were filled with sawdust from the mills. Since then they have\\nnot been so plenty, but by carefully stocking the streams the fish commissioner has kept\\nthem plentiful enough to make trout fishing one of the recreations of the town, and an\\ninducement to summer tourists to visit it.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 289\\nSnakes (^Opkidia). Spotted water snake (^Trofidonotiis sife-\\ndon) striped water snake {T. liberis) garter snake {^Eutaenia\\nsir talis) black snake {Scotophis alleghaniensis) green snake\\n(^Liopeltis vernalis).\\nAMPHIBIANS.\\nFrogs (^Ranidae) Leopard frog {^Rana haleciana) green\\nfrog (7?. fo7itinalis) wood frog (7?. sylvatica) bull frog (7?.\\npipens)\\nTree frogs {Hylidae). Tree toad {Hyla versicolor) spotted\\ntree toad (Chorophiltis maculata) striped tree frog (C triseri-\\natus)\\nToads i^Btifonidae) Common toad {Bufo Americanus)\\nSalamanders and newts {Urodela). Spotted triton {Diemycty-\\nlus viridecens) red evet (Z?. miniatiis) red triton {Spelerpes\\nruber); spotted salamander {Amblistoma punctatimi) Jefferson s\\nsalamander (^A. Jeffersonianuni)\\nMAMMALS.\\nThe order Fclidae was once represented by the following species\\nthat have now become extinct\\nPanther {^Felis concolor) sometimes wandered through Lancas-\\nter. One remained for nearly a year in town during 1832. He was\\nhumorously named the Sub-treasury, that political question be-\\ning one of considerable consequence at the time. He was hunted\\ndown and killed on Mount Prospect. Canada lynx were once plenty,\\nas were also the Siberian lynx, known as the bob-cat. The black\\ncat, or fisher as he was known here, was once so plenty as to have\\nbeen a great nuisance to the hunters and trappers. He followed\\ntheir lines of sable traps and robbed them of their game. The wild-\\ncat {L,ynx rtiftis) was occasionally met with in early times.\\nThe fox Canidae) Red fox Vulpes fulviis) gray fox V.\\nVirgin iamis)\\nThe wolf Canis occidentalis) was once plentiful here, but long\\nsince disappeared. The first wolf known to have been seen in Lan-\\ncaster was killed by Gen. Edwards Bucknam December 23, 1776,\\nfor which the town paid him a bounty, the receipt of which I have\\nbefore me. Judge J. W. Weeks informs me that they were not\\nnumerous in Lancaster until from 181 5 to 1825, at which latter\\ntime they were a source of much danger to man, and destructive to\\nthe herds of sheep of which there were many, at that time. They\\nare supposed to have followed the deer, which animal was seldom\\nseen until about 181 5, when they began to increase rapidly by\\nmigration from the West. A bounty of twenty ($20) dollars was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "290 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nplaced upon wolves at the time when they became numerous, which\\ninduced the professional hunters to destroy them so that they had\\nnearly disappeared about 1835. Occasionally one was seen later,\\nbut no flocks of them appeared after that date. The last wolf\\nkilled in town was a black one in 1839, by Edward Spaulding. The\\ngray wolf was quite plenty at one time. Judge Weeks tells an\\ninteresting anecdote of a dog owned by Joel Hemmenway, who\\nlived near where Deacon Freeman now does on the east road. This\\nold dog, named Smutt, was harnessed by Mr. Hemmenway and made\\nto work in running a churn in his large dairy. This he did not like,\\nand one day, when he saw his master getting ready for churning,\\nSmutt set out and joined a pack of wolves that infested the woods\\nnear by. He was seen all summer to come into the pastures, and\\ncatch lambs from his master s flock, and carry them to the cowardly,\\nlazy wolves lying in the woods. When winter came on, and Smutt\\nremembered his old master s warm fireside, he returned one day as\\nsuddenly as he had disappeared in the churning season.\\nMUSTELIDAE.\\nFisher (^Mustela -pennantii), once very plentiful, but now ex-\\ntinct; white weasel {Puto7 tus novehoracensis) mink visofi)\\nskunk {^Me-phitis tnephitica) otter {Lutra Canadensis) once\\nvery plenty, and a source of revenue to the early settlers, but now\\nfor a long time extinct wolverine Gtilo luscus) was once plenti-\\nfully found, and a source of trouble to the settlers. It has long\\nsince disappeared with many other animals familiar to the inhabi-\\ntants of the town.\\nBears (^Ursidae). The black bear {Ursus Americanus) has\\nalways been known here, and is still taken near the village. W. C.\\nSherburne, the clothier, shot one on Stebbins Hill in 1895 that\\nweighed over four hundred pounds. Others were seen in the same\\nvicinity that year. The meat of the bear was an article of food\\nmuch sought after in early times.\\nCoon i^Procyonidae). The raccoon {P. lotor) has always been\\nfound here, and is occasionally met with at the present time.\\nCervidae (the deer family). Common deer {Cerviis Virgini-\\nanus). This beautiful animal was not known here until about\\n18 1 5, when it began to make its appearance in the southern part of\\nthe town. At first it was not much hunted, and from the natural\\nincrease and migration, supposed to have been due to their being\\npursued by wolves in New York and Vermont, became v^ery plenti-\\nful in a few years, since which time they have been much prized\\nfor their flesh and skins. They are still quite common, so much so\\nas to have been seen on the roads near the village in 1895. During", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 29 1\\nthe summer of 1895, the writer saw several in the woods within a\\nmile or two of the village. The moose (C alces) was abundant\\nfor a long time after the town was settled. Moose meat was a\\nstandard article of diet for three generations of the first inhabitants.\\nThere are several men still living who remember seeing the moose.\\nBats (^Vesfertilionidae). Brown bat (^Scotofhihis fiiscus)\\\\\\nlittle brown bat Ves^ertilio siihiilatus)\\nMoles {Talpidae). Silvery mole {Scalofs argentatus) star-\\nnosed mole Condylura cristata)\\nSoricidae. Mole shrew {Blarina bi cvicauda) Cooper s shrew\\n{Sorex Cooferi).\\nMiiridae. Mice, rats. Common mouse {Mus musculiis) white-\\nfooted wood mouse (^Hesperomys leiicoptis) meadow mouse\\n{Arvicola riparius) pine mouse {A. -pinetorum) Brown or\\nNorway rat (J/, deciimanus) muskrat (^Fiher zibethicus).\\nSquirrels {Sciuridae). Gray squirrel {Sciuriis migratorius)\\nred squirrel (-5. Hudsoniantis) flying squirrel {^Pterniys volii-\\ncella) chipmunk (yTamias striata); woodchuck (Actomys\\nmonax).\\nHystricidae. Canada porcupine (often mistaken for the hedge-\\nhog), {Hystrix dor sat a).\\nLeporidae. Gray rabbit {^Lepus sylvaticus) northern hare (Z,.\\nAniericanusy.\\nThe beaver {Castor fiber In the history of Lancaster the\\nbeaver deserves more than mere mention as an animal now ex-\\ntinct. The beaver, long before this country was visited by the\\nwhite man, had erected dams along all the smaller streams, and\\nafter a time killed off the timber on their borders, in some places\\ncovering many acres. After the first hunters and trappers had fol-\\nlowed the Indians in the chase of the beaver, hunting him for his\\nflesh and skin, these dams fell into decay, leaving nice, level, and\\nfertile meadows to spring up to grass. These beaver meadows\\nfurnished the first settlers with grass and hay for their animals until\\nthey could clear land and produce tame hay. Gen. Edwards Buck-\\nnam located on the Beaver Brook meadows in the south part of the\\ntown, and others soon followed him, so that at one time the larger\\nportion of the population was in that locality. David Page took\\nadvantage of a beaver dam on Indian Brook to use its waters for\\nthe first grist-mill erected. In many localities the industrious bea-\\nver played an important part in preparing the country for the occu-\\npancy of man. The last one seen in town was taken about eighty\\nrods from Capt. J. W. Weeks s house on Prospect farm about 181 5.\\nMr. Weeks is authority for the statement that the bank beaver\\nabounded on Beaver Brook and Martin Meadow pond in his day.\\nThe first rats appeared at the house of Cofhn Moore, near Martin", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "292 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nMeadow pond where Mrs. James Mclntire now lives, in 1822. Mice\\nbecame a plague in 185 i, destroying grass, grain, and even pota-\\ntoes in the ground. Some fields were completely stripped of their\\ncrops by them. Several species of birds came to prey upon them,\\namong which was the labradore or white owl wdiich has remained\\never since as a permanent resident.\\nINSECTS.\\nLancaster is rich in insect life due to its luxuriant vegetation and\\nother conditions favorable to the life habits of insects.\\nThe writer, in three seasons, has identified over five hundred\\nspecies of lepidoterous (four winged) insects, and nearly as many\\nnocteridae. Nearly all of these are injurious to man, beast, or\\nvegetation. These, with as many more that are less noticeable,\\nfurnish food for a large number of insectiverous birds that are either\\npermanent residents of the locality or else are regular visitors during\\nthe summer season. There are several species of small animals\\nthat seek them as food also. The butterflies and moths are con-\\nspicuously plentiful and beautiful in Lancaster, affording pleasure to\\nthe eye but much mischief is done to gardens, fields, and forests by\\ntheir larva.\\nGrasshoppers are so abundant some seasons as to be very de-\\nstructive to crops and pastures. During that of 1895, they were\\nexceedingly numerous. Fortunately they were assailed by a para-\\nsite (^Aphidius) and destroyed so rapidly and effectively that as\\nmany as thirty-seven dead hoppers were counted on a single stem\\nof herd s grass.\\nThe beautiful shade trees (mostly elms), for which Lancaster has\\nlong been noted, have suffered from the ravages of the imported\\nelm bark louse, a coccid {Gossypm ia ulmo), that made its appear-\\nance here about 1890. It now infests several species of shade and\\nfruit trees. The oyster shell bark louse infests apple trees largely\\nthroughout the town much to the injury of trees and fruit.\\nLancaster, and the whole region southward to Northfield, Mass.,\\nwas visited by an army of worms in 1770, and again in 1781, which\\ncaused much suffering among the early settlers through almost com-\\nplete loss of their crops. They ate everything except peas, pump-\\nkins, and flax. In some sections the people were compelled to\\nsubsist almost wholly on pumpkins and pigeons, then very plentiful.\\nThis insect, always present in this section though very seldom nu-\\nmerous enough to be harmful, was no doubt the common army\\nworm (^Leiicania tmiptincta). The meager descriptions given of\\nit in various prints, notable among which is Powers History of the\\nCoos Country, describe the army worm quite accurately.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 293\\nTHE BIRDS OF LANCASTER.\\nFew localities have so large a variety, and number, of birds as\\nthe town of Lancaster. Nearly all the birds seen here at any time\\nare regular residents, or visitors, of the locality that appear every\\nseason. The list of migratory birds is a long one for so small an\\narea, and the chief change in the variety is one of increase of new\\nspecies. The town lies in a section of country that is most favora-\\nble to bird life, containing a great variety of food and the best of\\nnesting facilities for them.\\nNearly every season brings new species to increase the variety of\\nuseful birds. Some species, once quite common, are no longer\\nseen. Among that class are chiefly the game birds, which have\\nbeen very nearly exterminated by man and beast. The advent of\\nthe English sparrow has been accompanied by the steady decrease\\nof the more social birds, like the robin, bluebird, and swallow, that\\nlike to build their nests near the habitation of man in order to get\\nfarther away from their enemies in nesting time. In some sections\\nof the country the barn and chimney swallows have been entirely\\ndriven away by them and Lancaster seems to have been affected\\nin the same way. The English sparrow is a noisy, pugnacious, and\\nirrepressible intruder, hated alike by men and birds everywhere.\\nSo far their number has been quite limited, but they have shown no\\npromise of being anything but an almost unbearable pest to man\\nand bird. As they are seed-eaters and scavengers they linger about\\nthe streets of the village where their kind of food is most abundant.\\nIt is a well-known fact that they will not eat hairy worms, or insects\\nhaving hard wing-cases. In August, 1894, I saw one of them\\nwrestling with a worm, the first and only instance I ever saw, and\\nyet I have watched them closely for nearly twenty years. The\\nworm in this instance was the common cabbage-worm {^Pieris\\nrapae) which it pecked, and half swallowed several times, but finally\\nleft and flew away as if disgusted with the prospect of making a meal\\nout of such creatures. This worm is eagerly eaten by our common\\nfield sparrow, and also the ground sparrow.\\nDuring June and July, 1895, English sparrows were seen to eat\\nvast numbers of grasshoppers in the village of Lancaster, as well as\\nseveral species of insects they have never before been credited with\\neating.\\nThe number of our more social birds have been greatly lessened\\nalso by ignorant and cruel boys who frighten them away from the\\nclose contact they seek with man. There is a wanton destruction\\nof both the birds and their nests. Too often the innocent and valu-\\nable creatures are ruthlessly shot to gratify the passion for killing\\nsimply because furnished with guns. Another lingering relic of", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "294 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbarbarism that should be suppressed is the so-called squirrel\\nhunt. It leads to the destruction of birds, and can serve no val-\\nuable purpose but it brutalizes those engaged in it, and destroys\\nlarge numbers of the most useful birds.\\nEvery spring the bird-nesting and egg-collecting craze breaks out\\namong the boys, most of whom ignorantly and cruelly destroy large\\nnumbers of nests and eggs of the most useful birds. In most all\\nsuch collecting the nests and eggs are thrown away after the\\nfirst flush of the craze is worn off. The much-hated and severely\\ncondemned millinery hunter has not shown himself in Lancaster\\nyet, and may it be many a day before he does.\\nTaking all of these abuses of our birds into account, it is a wonder\\nto the thoughtful and observant mind that we have so many birds\\nas we have, to help us in the struggle of life and to cheer our oft-\\ntime burdened lives with their cheerful songs.\\nDuring the year 1894 I saw either alive or dead one hundred\\nand sixty-nine species of birds within the territorial limits of the\\ntown of Lancaster. In addition to these, there were reported to me\\non competent authority eleven others I had not myself seen, mak-\\ning in all one hundred and eighty species living for some portion of\\nthe year in the town. Observations during the first six months of\\n1895 increased the number by ten additional species.\\nFor a high latitude Lancaster is favorably situated as a congenial\\nresort for both winter and summer birds. It is surrounded by hills\\nor mountains, and traversed by numerous streams of various sizes,\\nbesides containing several ponds of considerable size. The streams\\nand ponds are flanked by marshes and banks of varied degrees,\\naffording excellent feeding and nesting facilities, as does the whole\\nundulating and varied surface of the town.\\nThe enemies of bird-life, excepting those named above, are as\\nfew as one meets with anywhere. The long, cold winters keep the\\nsnakes few and feeble. The owls have very nearly disappeared,\\nand the hawks are but few in number. The squirrels, especially\\nthe little red squirrel, which is the worst, are among the worst\\nenemies of the birds in nesting-time. These have nearly disap-\\npeared from the town.\\nThe chief enemies the birds have to contend with to-day are the\\nfox and skunk. They destroy many of those that nest on the\\nground. They have probably done more in exterminating certain\\nof our game birds than hunters have, as most of them either nest\\non the ground, or feed there while quite young, and fall ready vic-\\ntims to these two animals.\\nThe conditions favorable to the life of the migratory birds are\\nseldom, if ever, stationary. Their geographical distribution by\\nspecies and number is a question of climate and food entirely.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 295\\nThe migratory habit is one they acquire under those conditions.\\nThere would be no object for our summer birds leaving if their\\nfood did not give out by either being killed by the cold weather, or\\ndriven into winter quarters. Their return in the spring is as much\\ndue to the fact that they have exhausted the food supply of their\\nwinter quarters, as to find a warmer climate. As they approach the\\nformer summer quarters they find their food growing plentier again.\\nThe food supply of this town is most abundant, nor is it likely to\\nfall short for either the summer or the winter migrants. The seed-\\neaters always find an abundant crop of seeds, and the few fruit-\\neaters that come here subsist chiefly on the wild berries, of which\\nthere is always a crop. We have no birds that are confined solely\\nto a fruit diet, but only such as prefer it to anything else. The in-\\nsect-eaters will find their supply controlled always by the season\\npreceding their visits. A mild winter is sure to be followed by an\\nabundant crop of insects, as is also a summer season that is favora-\\nble to the growth of vegetation. Even a cold winter, if it follow\\nsuch a summer, is not unfavorable to a large number of insects.\\nExtreme wet and dry summers are the least favorable to insect life,\\nas they have a greater effect on it than either heat or cold. The\\nwet and dry seasons also control the food supply of the winter\\nmigrants.\\nThe rapid destruction of forests in lumbering interests has in a\\ngreat measure tended to drive away species once common and abun-\\ndant; but it has created conditions favorable to the life of many\\nother species that have taken their place, so that our bird fauna\\nincreases. New species find in this change conditions more favor-\\nable to their manner of life. The change of climate consequent\\nupon the destruction of the forests has been rather an element of\\ninstabiliity than of extremity of heat or cold. The effect it has had\\non the bird fauna is due to the changes in the plant and animal life\\nby which their food supply was affected. These changes follow the\\nchanges in the vegetable life of the country. The disappearance\\nof the early and larger growth of trees has been favorable to an in-\\ncrease in the insects that find easier access to the more abundant\\nfoliage of the second growth, and brush springing up as the larger\\ntrees are removed. Then, too, the increased area of open lands in\\ncultivation, or under pasturage, give larger chances for insects to\\nbreed and find their food, which has tended to draw to the locality\\nlarge numbers of insectivorous birds.\\nThe economic importance of our birds is the chief one, and will\\nremain so for the future, despite the growing interest in their\\naesthetic importance as a means of affording pleasure.\\nDuring the two hundred years that the birds have been studied\\nin this country great changes have been noted in them. Some that", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "296 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nunder primitive conditions were useful to man have become injuri-\\nous; but a much larger number of those formerly injurious have\\nbecome useful to us in many of our interests. Of this class we may\\nname the blackbird, bobolink, and the kingbird {Tyrannus).\\nThese changes in the character of the birds are due to the growth\\nof human population and industries, forcing upon them a changed\\nenvironment. Many birds that were formerly shy and retiring are\\ncoming to live closer to human habitations, and manifest a greater\\ndegree of confidence in us. They seem to be friendly to our indus-\\ntries, too. Those capable of affording us the greatest service and\\npleasure are steadily becoming more abundant in the thickly settled\\ncommunities if the timber is not wholly destroyed, or if it has in a\\nmeasure been replaced by the planting of orchards.\\nThen, too, the birds have some share in making conditions more\\nfavorable to their increase and distribution, in spreading the seeds\\nof their own food supply over a wider territory. Both our land and\\nwater birds carry about and scatter seeds that adhere to their feet\\nand beaks, in the dirt with which they are generally coated. By\\nthis means they plant for their own future necessities in a way of\\nwhich they are unconscious, and which is often unknown, or over-\\nlooked by us. The seeds of some plants eaten by them pass unin-\\njured through their bodies to be widely scattered in their flights.\\nThe universality of the raspberry, blackberry, mountain ash, and\\nwild gooseberry is wholly due to this means of dispersion, as well as\\nmany of the weeds and grasses.\\nCertain others, like the jay and woodpecker, hide acorns, beech-\\nnuts, and seeds of various kinds for their winter supply, and failing\\nto find or need them, they grow far from where they matured. In\\nthis way many of our most valuable trees have been widely spread.\\nSome of the noxious weeds and grasses have been spread by the\\nbirds to whose feathers they have adhered by means of the hooks\\nand awns of the seeds. During the season of 1894, I witnessed an\\ninstance of a bird clearing its feathers of the sand burr which does\\nnot grow within miles of the place it was dropping the seeds. I\\nhave frequently seen them clearing themselves of several varieties of\\nthe wild rye and oats that grow abundantly about the town.\\nSuch facts as these admonish us to exercise a wise care in our\\ntreatment of the birds. Many of them that formerly had a bad rep-\\nutation in this section of country, and which are ruthlessly destroyed,\\nare becoming very useful to human interests. Among such is the\\nblackbird which lives almost wholly on bugs and worms that infest\\nthe meadows and pastures, doing great damage to the grass. This\\nbird never encroaches on the farm and garden crops so long as he\\ncan find insects in the meadows and pastures. In this town he\\nearns a hundredfold more than he destroys for us. The extermina-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 297\\ntion of this one species would involve heavy losses on meadow\\ngrasses by the rapid increase of insects that would follow their dis-\\nappearance.\\nSo with most of our birds we lose very little by their presence\\nin comparison with what we gain by their help, or what we should\\nlose if it were not for the services they render us. But for them we\\nwould be overrun in a few years by injurious weeds and insects that,\\nif they did not make agriculture and grazing impossible, would\\nmake it so expensive in fighting those pests that all profit would be\\nlost to us. It requires many thousands of seeds a day to support\\na seed-eater, and scarcely less insects, to feed the most hearty eaters\\namong the insectivorous birds. The little yellow thistlebird eats vast\\nnumbers of thistle and dandelion seeds every day, and even feeds\\nits young in the nest on them. Every brood of these birds raised\\nmakes our work of fighting these pestiferous weeds so much easier.\\nThe finches and warblers feed on plant lice in their various stages of\\ngrowth. The woodpeckers, fiuthatches, and creepers eat the eggs\\nand larvffi of many insects that are deposited in the bark of the\\ntrees. Certain of the warblers, vireos, and flycatchers feed on\\ninsects that infest the under sides of leaves and escape the notice of\\nother insect-eaters. Who has not watched the little creepers inspect-\\ning the under sides of the limbs and leaves of our fruit trees for\\ninsects? Thrushes, starlings, finches, robins, and nearly all of our\\nnative sparrows eat insects that hide on, or in, the ground. The\\ncowbird eats the insects that infest our domestic animals and also\\nthe intestinal worms voided by them, preventing new broods of the\\nworm. The bobolink eats vast numbers of grasshoppers and crickets,\\nthe latter of which are equally as injurious as the former though not\\ngenerally known to be much of anything but night singers. The\\nred-winged blackbird is of the same habit to a large extent. The\\nfew fruit-eaters we have, just about equal the damage they do by the\\nspread of the wild berries, especially the raspberry and blackberry.\\nBut for the birds these would soon become extinct, and cut us off in\\ntwo of the delicacies of this locality.\\nFrom these facts we see no ground of alarm in respect to any\\nresult from the presence of our present birds. What little damage\\nsome of them do is more than balanced by the benefits we derive\\nfrom their presence. Shall we not, then, learn to treat the little\\ncreatures with more kindliness, and encourage them to live among us\\nas freely as they seem inclined to do?\\nA CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF LANCASTER.\\n[Note. Birds are generally counted as belonging to the localities in which they\\nbreed; but many of them visit localities unfitted for breeding purposes with as much\\nregularity as they return to their breeding places, and should therefore be counted as", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "298 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbelonging to the places in which they are to be seen every year. Such rule has been\\nfollowed in the preparation of this list It includes all the birds that one will see during\\nthe course of the year whether residents or migratory visitors. In both repects they\\nsustain an important relation to the locality, and are ranked together in this list.\\nIt has been thought best to make the list an English one, and accompany it with a\\ntechnical list, in parentheses. The numbers following the names of species are those of\\nthe check-list of the American Ornithologists Union, and those in parenthesis are\\nfrom Coues Key and Check-List of North American Birds. These numbers are\\ngiven for the convenience of those who may wish to identify and study the birds. Many\\nbirds have more than one vulgar name. These are all given to avoid confusion on the\\npart of persons who know the birds only by the untechnical, or common, names.\\nValuable service was rendered the writer, in the preparation of this list, by Mr. Fred\\nB. Spaulding, a local collector of birds eggs, whose long acquaintance with the birds\\nof the locality is very e.xtensive.]\\nOrder Pygopodcs (diving birds).\\nFamily Podicipidae (grebes)\\nPied-bilied Grebe; water-witch; hell-diver {Podilynihtis fodi-\\ncep), 6-(852).\\nFamily Urinatoridac (loons)\\nLoon; great northern diver {Urinator inibcr), 7-(840).\\nBlack-throated loon; black-throated 6a\\\\q.x {Urinator arcticus),\\n9-(842).\\nRed-throated loon; red-throated diver {Urinator Imnnic), 1 1-\\n(844).\\nFamily Alcidae (puffins)\\nBlack guillemot; sea pigeon (Cepp/nis gryile), 27-(87i).\\nOrder Ansercs {Lamcllirostral swhwrncvs)\\nFamily Anatidae (ducks, geese, and swans)\\nSub-family IMcrginae (mergansers).\\nAmerican merganser fish duck goosander {Alcrganser Amer-\\nicanus), i29-(743).\\nRed-breasted merganser Shelldrake {Merganser serator), 130\\n-(744)-\\nHooded merganser; top-knot {Lophodytes cucullatus), 131-\\n(745)-\\nSub-family Anatinae (river and pond ducks)\\nMallard; green head mallard duck (Anas hoschas), i32-(707).\\nBlack duck; dusky duck {Anas obsctcra), i33-(708).\\nBaldpate American widgeon {Anas Avierieana), I37-(7I3).\\nGreen-winged teal {Anas Carolinensis), I39-(7I5).\\nBlue-winged teal {Anas discors), i40-(7i6).\\nWood duck tree duck snm.n\\\\QX dnck {Aix sponsa), i44-(7i9).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 299\\nSub-family Fuh guUnae (bay and sea ducks)\\nCanvasback {Aythya vaUisneria), i47-(724).\\nAmerican gokien eye whistler garrot Glaucionetta clangida\\nAmericana),!^ i-(725\\nSub-family Anserinae (geese)\\nCanada goose; common wild goose {Braiita Canadensis), {j 02).\\nOrder Hcrodoncs (herons, bitterns, etc.).\\nF amily Ardeidae (herons and bitterns)\\nAmerican bittern marsh hen shitepoke stake driver {Botau-\\nrus lentiginosus), 190\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (666).\\nLeast bittern {Ar delta exilis), igi-{66 j).\\nGreat blue heron; blue crane (Ardea /lerod/as), i94-(655).\\nLittle green heron; fly up the creek; poke {Ardea virescens),\\n20i-(663).\\nOrder Pahidcolae (cranes, rails, etc.).\\nFamily Rallidae (rails).\\nKing rail marsh hen {Rallus elegans), 20^-{6 j6).\\nVirginia rail {Rallus Virginianus), 2i2-(677).\\nCarolina rail; sora ortolan; crake {Porzana Carolina), 214-\\n(679).\\nYellow rail yellow crake {Porzana noveboracensis) 2 1 5\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (680).\\nAmerican coot mud hen blue peter crow duck {Fiilica Amer-\\nicana), 22i-(686).\\nOrder Limicolae (shore birds).\\nFamily Phalaropodidae (phalaropes).\\nWilson s phalarope (Phalaropus tricoloi 224-(6o2).\\nFamily Scolopacidae (snipes, sandpipers, etc.).\\nAmerican woodcock {Philohela minor), 228\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (605).\\nWilson s snipe; English snipe; jack snipe {Gallinago delicata),\\n230-(6o8).\\nPectoral sandpiper; krieker {Pringa niaculata), 239\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (616).\\nYellow legs; lesser tattler {Totanus flavipes, 255-(634).\\nSolitary sandpiper wagtail; ti^-u^ {Po/anus, solitaries), 2^6\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n{657).\\nField plover; upland plover {Bartraniia longicaiida), 261\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n(640).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "300 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nSpotted sandpiper; peet-weet; teeter tail {Actttis maailarta),\\n263-(638).\\nFamily Charadnidae (plovers)\\nKildeer; kildeer plover; ring plover {yEgialitis vocifera),\\n273-(584-)\\nPiping plover; piping ring plover {^/Egialitis vieloda), 277-\\n(587).\\nOrder Gallinae (gallinaceous birds).\\nFamily Tetraonidae (grouse, quail) n\\nBob-white; quail; partridge {Coli niis Virginianus), 289-(57i).\\nCanada grouse; spruce partridge i^Dendrogra^iLS Canadensis),\\n298-(555)-\\nRuffed grouse; partridge; pheasant i^Bonasa jinibcl/us), ^,00-\\n(565).\\nCanada ruffed grouse {Bonasa iimbclliis togata), 300a-(566).\\nOrder Cohmibae (pigeons and doves).\\nFamily Colunibidae (pigeons and doves)\\nMourning dove; Carolina dove (^Zanaidnra macroiwa), ^16-\\n(544).\\nOrder JRaptores (birds of prey).\\nFamily Falconidae (falcons, hawks, and eagles)\\nMarsh hawk; mouse hawk; \\\\\\\\2irr\\\\Qr {Cirats Httdsonius), 2,?)i-\\n(489).\\nSharp-shinned hawk {^Acci^iter volex), 332-(494).\\nCooper s hawk; chicken hawk {Accipiier cooeri), 333-(495).\\nAmerican goshawk {Acctpitcr aij icapillus) ,T) i)A^-{^g6)\\nRed-tailed hawk; red-tailed buzzard ,{Buteo borcalis), 337-\\n(516).\\nRed-shouldered hawk hen hawk; chicken hawk {Biiteo hnea-\\ntus), 339-(520).\\nBroad-winged hawk {Bu/eo latissinitts), 343-(524).\\nAmerican rough-legged hawk {Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johan-\\n\u00c2\u00ab?5), 347a-(525).\\nPigeon hawk (yFaIco columbarius), 35 7-(505).\\nAmerican sparrow hawk {Falco sparvcrius), 36o-(5o8).\\nAmerican osprey fish hawk i^Pandion hat actus Carolinensis)\\n364-(538).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 3OI\\nFamily Btirbonidae (horned owls, hoot owls, etc., S.)\\nAmerican long-eared owl; Wilson s owl {^Asio Wi/somantis),\\n366-(472).\\nShort-eared owl {Asio accipitrinus) 367-(473).\\nBarred owl; hoot owl {^Syj nium nehulosum^ 368-(476).\\nGreat gray owl {Scotiaptex cineretim) 370-(474.)\\nRichardson s owl {IVyctala tengmalini J^ichardsoni), ji\u00e2\u0080\u0094(^4$)2).\\nSaw-whet owl; acadian owl {IVyctala acadica), 372-(483).\\nScreech owl; mottled owl (Megascops asio), 373-(465).\\nGreat horned owl; Virginia horned owl {Bubo Virgmmntcs)\\n375-(462).\\nSnowy owl; white owl {JVyctea nyctea), 376-(479).\\nAmerican hawk owl {Surnia iihila caparoch)\\nOrder Coccyges (cuckoos, kingfishers, etc.).\\nFamily Cuculidae (cuckoos)\\nYellow-billed cuckoo {Coccyzus Am eric amis), 387-(429).\\nBlack-billed cuckoo {Coccyzus erythrophthahmis) 388-(428).\\nFamily Alcedinidae (kingfishers)\\nBelted kingfisher {Ccryle alcyon), 390-(423).\\nOrder Pici (woodpeckers).\\nFamily Picidae (woodpeckers)\\nHairy woodpecker {Dryobates villosus), 393-(433).\\nDowney woodpecker {Drxobates pabescens), 394-(44o).\\nArctic three-toed woodpecker; black-backed, three-toed wood-\\npecker {Picoidcs arcticus), 400-(443).\\nAmerican three-toed woodpecker; banded-backed three-toed\\nwoodpecker {Picoides Amertcanus), 401\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (444).\\nYellow-bellied sapsucker yellow-bellied woodpecker {Sphyra-\\npiczis varius 402- 446\\nPileated woodpecker {Ceop/i/oeus pi/eatus), 405-(432).\\nFlicker; high-hole; yellow-hammer; golden-winged wood-\\npecker {Cola-pies auratus), 4i2-(457).\\nOrder Macrochires (goatsuckers, swifts, and hummingbirds).\\nFamily Cafri?nulgidae (nighthawks and whip-poor-wills)\\nWhip-poor-will {Antrostomiis vocifertis), 4i7-(397).\\nNighthawk bull-bat; goatsucker {Chordeiles Jl rginianus),\\n420-(399).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "302 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nFamily Micropodidac (swifts)\\nChimney swift; chimne} swallow {Chacltira ^eagica), 423\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n(405).\\nFamily Trochilidac (hummingbirds)\\nRuby-throated hummingbird {Trochilus coluhris), 428-(409).\\nOrder Passer es (perching birds).\\nFamily Tyranidac (flycatchers)\\nKingbird; bee martin; tyrant flycatcher {^Tyranmis tyrannus^,\\n444-(369).\\nCrested flycatcher; great crested flycatcher {^Myriachiis crinitiis),\\n452-(373)-\\nPhoebe pevvee bridge bird pewit flycatcher {Sayornis ^hoebe)\\n456-(379)-\\nOlive-sided flycatcher {Contofus borcalis^, 459-(38o).\\nWood pewee {Contofus vtrens) 46i-(382).\\nYellow-bellied flycatcher (yEui-pidonax favivcntj-is (463-(388).\\nTrail s flycatcher Empidonax traillii) 466a-(385).\\nLeast flycatcher chebec (yEmpidonax minimiis (467-(387).\\nFamily Alndidae (larks)\\nHorned lark; shore lark {Octcoris alpestris), 474-(82).\\nFamily Corvidac (crows, jays)\\nBlue jay {Cyanocitta cristata), 477-(349).\\nCanada jay {Perisorcns Canadensis), 484-(359).\\nNorthern raven American raven {Corviis corax principalis),\\n486a-(338).\\nAmerican crow; common crow {Corvtis Anier/canus), 488\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n(340).\\nFamily Ictcridae (blackbirds and orioles)\\nBobolink; reedbird ortolan; ricebird butterbird skunk black-\\nbird Dolichonyx oryz/vortis 494-( 312).\\nCowbird cow bunting; lazy bird {Afo/oi/irus aler), 4g^-[^i}).\\nRed-winged blackbird (Ageiaius p/weniceus), 498-(3.i6).\\nMeadow lark; field lark; meadow starling {SturneUamag\\\\in),\\n50i-(320).\\nOrchard oriole {Icterus spiiritcs), 5o6-(324).\\nBaltimore oriole; firebird; golden robin hang-nest (^Icterus\\ngalbula), 507-(326).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 303\\nRusty grackle rusty blackbird {Scolecofhagus CaroUmis), 509-\\n(331).\\nCrow blackbird; bronzed grackle {^liscalus qitisaila aeneiis),\\n5iib-(337)-\\nFamily Fringillidae (finches and sparrows)\\nEvening grosbeak {Cocothraustes vesfertimis), 5i4-(i89).\\nPine grosbeak {Pinicola enucleator), 5i5-(i90).\\nPurple finch {Carpodacus fu?-pure7is) 5i7-(i94).\\nHouse sparrow; English sparrow {Passer doviesliais), 000-\\n(192).\\nAmerican crossbill; red crossbill {Loxia airvirosira minor),\\nS2i-(i99).\\nWhite-winged crossbill {Loxia leucoftera), 522-(i98).\\nRedpole; red linnet; lesser redpole {AcantJiis linaria), 528-\\n(207).\\nGreater redpole {AcantJiis linaria rostrata), 528b-(2o8 part).\\nAmerican goldfinch yellow bird thistle h wd {Spimis trisiis),\\n529-(2i3).\\nPine siskin; pine finch; pine linnet {Sfimis finus), 533-(2i2).\\nSnowflake; snow bunting {PlectropJicnax nivalis), 534-(2i9),\\nLapland longspur {Calcariits laf^onicns), 536-(22o).\\nVesper sparrow; bay-winged bunting; grass finch {Poocaetes\\ngraniineus), 540-(232).\\nSavanna sparrow {Ammodramtcs sandzvichensis savanna), 54^a-\\n(227).\\nHenslow s sparrow Henslow bunting {Ammodra^nus henslozuii)\\n547-(236).\\nWhite-crowned sparrow {Zonotrichia leucop/irys) 5S4-(276).\\nWhite-throated sparrow; Peabody bird {Zonotrichia albicollis)\\n558-(275)._\\nWinter chippy; tree sparrow {Sfizclla monticola), 559-(268).\\nChipping sparrow; chippy; hair-bird {Spizella socialis), 560-\\n(269).\\nField sparrow {Spizella pisilla), 563-(27i).\\nSnowbird; junco black snowbird; slate-colored junco {Jiinco\\nhyemalis), 567-(26i).\\nSong sparrow {Melosfiza fasciata) ,581 -(242\\nLincoln s sparrow {Melospiza lincolni), 583-(242).\\nSwamp sparrow {Melospiza Georgiana), 584-(243).\\nFox sparrow {Passer ella iliaca) 585-(282).\\nTowhee; towhee bunting; joree chewink marsh robin (P/ /i-Z/o\\nerythrophthalmiis) 5 8 7- 3 o i\\nRose-breasted grosbeak {Habia ludoviciana), 595-(289).\\nIndigo bunting; indigo-bird; blue linnet {Passer ina cyanea),\\n598-(295).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "304 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nFamily Tanagridae (tanagers)\\nScarlet tanager black-winged redbird {^Piranga erythromclas),\\n6o8-(i54).\\nSummer tanager summer redbird {^Piranga rubra) 6 io-( 155).\\nFamily Hirnndinidae (swallows)\\nPurple martin {Progna subis), 6ii-(i65).\\nCliff swallow; eave swallow; mud dauber {PetrochcUdon luni-\\nfrons), 6 1 2- (162).\\nBarn swallow {Chelidoii eryikrogastcr) 6i3-(i59).\\nWhite-bellied swallow; tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor), 614\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nBank swallow; sand martin; sand swallow (^Cliv/cola riparia),\\n6i6-(i63).\\nFamily Ampeliae (waxwings)\\nBohemian waxwing {Anipelis garrtilus) 6 1 8\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 66)\\nCedar waxwing; cedar-bird; cherry-bird (^Ampelis cedroruni),\\n619 (167).\\nFamil} Laniidac (shrikes)\\nNorthern shrike; butcher-bird {Laniiis borealis), 621\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (186).\\nLoggerhead shrike {^L.aniiis liidovicianus) 622\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (187).\\nWhite-rumped shrike [I^anius ludovicianiis excubitorides) 622a\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n(188 part).\\nFamily Vireonidae (vireos)\\nRed-eyed vireo red-eyed greenlet Vireo olivaceus) 624-( 1 70)\\nPhiladelphia vireo Vireo Philadelphicus), 626-(i73).\\nWarbling vireo; warbling greenlet Vireo gilvus) 627-(i74).\\nYellow-throated vireo Vireo jiav if rons) 628-(i76).\\nBlue-headed vireo; solitary greenlet {Vireo solitariiis), 629-\\nWhite-eved vireo white-eyed greenlet f7/vc\u00c2\u00bb noveboracensis),\\n63i-(i8ij.\\nFamily Mniotiltidae (wood warblers)\\nBlack and white creeper black and white warbler {Mniotilta\\nvaria), 636-(9i, 92).\\nGolden-winged warbler (^Helniinthophila chrysoptera), 642\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n(102).\\nNashville warbler {Helmmtkophila rujicapilla), 645-(io6).\\nOranged-crowned warbler {HeiminthopJiila celata), 646\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (107).\\nTennessee warbler {Hclminthopiiila peregrina) 647-(i09).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJ^i\\nPartila warbler blue yellow-backed warbler Com-psothly^is\\nAine7 icana), 648-(93\\nCape May warbler {Dend7 oica tigrina), 650-(i26).\\nYellow warbler; yellow bird; summer yellow bird; wild ca-\\nnary {^Dendroica acstiva), 652-(iii part).\\nBlack-throated h\\\\ue\\\\\\\\?irh\\\\er {Dcndj-oica caerulcscens) ,6^4-(^i 17).\\nYellow-rumped warbler; myrtle warbler {Dendroica coronata),\\n655-(ii9)-\\nMagnolia warbler; black and yellow warbler {Dcndroica macu-\\nlosa), 657-(i25).\\nChestnut-sided warbler (^Dendroica Pennsylvanica) 659-(i24).\\nBay-breasted warbler (JDendroica casianea^, 660\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (123).\\nBlack-poll warbler (^Dcndroica striata), 66 1-( 122).\\nBlackburnian warbler orange-throated warbler {Dcndroica\\nblackburniac), 662-(i2i).\\nBlack-throated green warbler {Dcndroica vircjis), 667-(ii2).\\nPine warbler; pine-creeping warbler {Dcndroica vigorsii), 671-\\n(134).\\nYellow red-poll yellow palm warbler {Dcndroica \u00e2\u0096\u00a0pahnariun\\nhypoc/irysca), 672a-(i33).\\nGolden-crowned thrush oven bird {Seiuras autocapillus), 674\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n(134).\\nWater thrush; water wagtail {Scinnis novcboraccnsis), 675-\\n(136).\\nMourning warbler {Geothlypis Philadelphia), 679-(i42).\\nMaryland yellow-throat yellow-throated ground warbler Geoth-\\nlypis trichas), 681 -(141).\\nWilson s warbler green black-capped yellow warbler (^Sylvania\\npiisilla), 685-(i47).\\nCanadian warbler Canadian fly-catching warbler {Sylvania Can-\\nadensis), 686-(i49).\\nAmerican redstart (^Sctofhaga ruticilla), 687-(i52).\\nFamily JMotaciUidac (wagtails and pipits)\\nAmerican pipit; titlark {Anthus Pennsyhanicus), 6g j-{^g).\\nFamily Troglodytidac (thrashers, wrens, etc.)\\nCatbird {Galeoscoptcs Carolinensis), ^04\u00e2\u0080\u0094 {16).\\nBrown thrasher; brown thrush; big brown wren {Harporhyn\\nelms riifiis), 705-(i7).\\nHouse wren {Troglodytes a edon), 72i-(74).\\nWinter wren {Trolodytcs hienialis), 722\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (76).\\nFamily Certhiidac (creepers)\\nBrown creeper {Cert hia familiar is Americana), /26-{62).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "306 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nFamily Paridae (nuthatches and tits)\\nWhite-breasted nuthatch tomtit {Sitta Carolinensts), j2\\nRed-belhed nuthatch; Canada nuthatch {Sttta Canadensis),\\n728-(59).\\nChickadee; black-capped chickadee {Parus atricapillus), 7^^-\\n(44).\\nHudsonian chickadee {^Pariis Htidsomcus), 740-(49.)\\nFamily Sylviidac (Old World warblers, kinglets and gnatcatchers)\\nGolden-crowned kinglet; golden crowned wren {^Regidus sa-\\ntrafa), 748-(34).\\nRuby-crowned kinglet (^Re^iiliis calendula^), 749-(33)-\\nBlue-gray gnatcatcher {Polioptila caerulea^, 75i-(36).\\nFamily Turdidae (thrushes, bluebirds, and robins)\\nWood thrush; song thrush {Tii-rdiis miistclinus), 755-(6).\\nWilson s thrush; tawney thrush; veery {Tiirdus fiisccscois).\\n756-(7)-\\nGray-cheeked thrush {^Turdus aliciae 757-(i2).\\nBicknell s thrush Turd lis aliciac Bicknelli), 757a-(i2 part).\\nOlive-backed thrush Swainson s thrush swamp robin T-iirdiis\\njistulatus Sivainsonii) 75 8a-( 13).\\nHermit thrush cathedral bird swamp angel Tiirdiis aona-\\nlaschkac fallasii), 759a-( 10).\\nAmerican robin; robin (yMeriila migratoria), (i).\\nBluebird {Sialia sialis), j66-{2\\nThe annual address before the New Hampshire game and fish\\nleague, at Manchester, N. H., April 7, 1885, by Hon. Henry O.\\nKent, is of such local interest and so applicable to Lancaster s\\nfish and game, that we insert it here in part\\nInvited to address the fish and game league of the state, an organization whose\\nlabors have been of recognized usefulness to its people wherever known and\\nunderstood, and to whose originators and founders they owe a debt of remem-\\nbrance and appreciation, as yet quite likely underrated and not understood, I hesi-\\ntated to accept the pleasant assignment not from disinclination to contribute my\\nmite of information or experience relative to the interesting and important topics\\ninvolved, but because for many years I have not had leisure to indulge in the\\nexhilarating and restful experiences incident to wooing the woods and the waters\\nof our state, and therefore have no claim as a sportsman, even as an amateur, to\\naddress this assemblage.\\nAmong the incidents of my youth, along with measles, spelling schools, and\\nschoolboy loves, was the not uncommon attack of cacoethcs scribendi, peculiar to\\nimaginative and callow years; and the result, an intermittent eruption of metrical\\ncomposition. At a later period, when, I trusted, this frivolity was forgotten, an\\nappreciative friend of those earlier days solicited a poem to mark the anniver-\\nsary of some local society in obedience to which request, and after several jerky\\nattempts, the machine ground out its farewell to poesy in manner following", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 307\\nLong years have passed since last its crank\\nMoved round at Poesy s decree.\\nThe flowers that then bespread each bank\\nAnd blossomed o er life s dewey lea\\nIn memory s gardens blossom still\\nBut the dull cares of daily life\\nHave banished far my rhyming mill\\nAs little useful in the strife.\\nAnd so, as there remained the memory, only, of sports once pleasantly familiar,\\nI hesitated to exhibit my inexperience and unfamiliarity with the affairs of the\\npresent, and address this league of sportsmen.\\nBut your president is a gentleman fertile in expedient and fatal in plausi-\\nbility, comprehensive in mental scope, and one on whose genial brow authority\\nsits enthroned and so it came that when, in reply to my plea of long disuse and\\ninexperience, he suggested tha.t I might properly present for your delectation the\\nresources, the attractions, and the capacities (for business, pleasure, and sylvan\\nsport) of my county of Coos, like the typical coon that I think must have given\\nthe memorable and historic response to Colonel Clarke instead of Captain Scott,\\nI came down, both from my tree of supposed vantage and from the highlands\\nof Coos, to meet and address the sportsmen of the state by the Falls of Namos-\\nkeag, and to discuss, if not the Utopian desires of the epicures of ancient Derry-\\nfield as to the wants of this present world and the world to come, the capaci-\\nties and attractions of Coos, the importance of the revenues derived through the\\nadvent of pilgrims for health and exercise thereto to the revenues and prosperity\\nof the state, and the magnitude of results involved in the propagation and pro-\\ntection offish and game within our limits.\\nLet us glance at the earlier history of our northern section, its traditions and\\npeoples.\\nWhen Col. John Goffe, of Bedford (for whom, I assume, was also named Goffe s\\nFalls, on the Merrimack), raised, in 1763, under authority of Benning Wentworth,\\nroyal governor of the province of New Hampshire, his regiment, forming a part\\nof the force intended, say the old commissions, for tlie conquest of Canada,\\nunder command of General Amherst, his corps was filled by hardy pioneers and\\nadventurers, ready to seek new homes on the borders of the receding wilderness.\\nAt the expiration of service in Canada, four of his officers, with a portion of his\\ncommand, sought their homes on the Merrimack by the Indian trail from Cham-\\nplain to the Connecticut and across the highlands of New Hampshire to their own\\nriver. Returning thus, they struck the Connecticut at the broad meadows now in\\nHaverhill and Newbury, then known in Indian legends as the Cohos, and returned\\nthere to aid in founding the towns referred to. As settlements extended up the\\nstream, and broad meadows were found and occupied on the present site of Lan-\\ncaster, that region was called the Upper Cohos; and later, when quaint Philip\\nCarrigain, the genial Irish secretary of state, whose map is even now the most\\ndesirable authority on New Hampshire as it was, visited the more recent settle-\\nments under the shadow of the lesser Monadnock at Colebrook, forty miles north\\nof Lancaster, he bestowed upon that section the title of the Cohos ado7 e ihe\\nupper Cohos, the territory designated thus, being the old home of the Coo-ash-\\nauke Indians and now nearly all included in the limits of Coos county.\\nThe name Cobs is derived from the Indian word Cohos, of the dialect of\\nthe Abernaqiiis, a confederacy of tribes once inhabiting New Hampshire, western\\nMaine, and northerly to the St. Lawrence river. The word is further derived from\\nCoo-ash, signifying j?^/\u00c2\u00ab,?j It is known that the Indian inhabitants of a section\\nwere generally entitled by some name descriptive thereof, and the tribe occupy-\\ning this region was known as the Coo-ash-aukes. or Dwellers in the Pine Tree\\nCountry, from Coo-ash, pines, and a^tke, place. This title applied especially to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "308 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe locality and inhabitants north of the mountains and along the Connecticut\\nvalley above Moosilaukc.\\nThe outlet of Massabesic lake is still known by its Indian name Cohos\\nbrook, and the country around was once a dense forest of pines Coo-ash. It\\nseems probable that this name- Cooash was carried north by Indian exiles\\nfrom the lower Merrimack, when driven from their old abodes by the advance of\\nthe whites to seek, as says the chronicler, a new home, around the head\\nwaters of the Connecticut, and we learn, in corroboration of Indian occupancy\\nof this section at this period that after the massacre at Cocheco (Dover) in\\n1689, instigated by Kan-ca-ma-gus, he and his followers fled north and joined\\nthe bands at the sources of the Saco, Amariscoggin, and Connecticut the Coo-\\nash region. The streams in this section abounding in trout their native food\\nall the way from the lower to the upper Cohos, the territory became known as\\ntheir Na\u00c2\u00bbiaos-coo-auke, or pine-tree fishing-place a nomenclature transformed\\nand perpetuated in the modern name Ammonoosuc, still held by three streams\\nwithin this ancient domain.\\nThe wild and picturesque river, rushing down from the slopes of Waumbek\\nMethna through the rich meadows of Lancaster to join the Connecticut, is said to\\nhave borne the Indian name Sin-gra-ivae but as this word is unknown in deriva-\\ntion it is probable that the name Si-woog-an-atike, itself a corruption of Sawa-coo-\\nnauke, signifying burnt pine place, is nearer, if not the exact name, thus\\ndefined and corrected. It is easy to believe that away back in the dusk of tradi-\\ntion, the country had been despoiled by fire of its growth of pines, the legend only\\nremaining to supply the name.\\nThe Canadian home or head village of the Cooash-aukes was at Abenaquis, or\\nSt. Francis, as their settlement is still called, on the St. Lawrence. After the\\ndefeat of the Pequakets by Lovewell, in 1725, the broken remnant of that tribe\\nretired to St. Francis and the bands, invading or occupying our present terri-\\ntory, were more frequently known as the St. Francis Indians than by their\\noriginal designation as Abenaquis or Coo-ash-aukes.\\nDescendants of these broken tribes still live in the village of St. Francis.\\nAmong those who returned to their old hunting-grounds in New Hampshire were\\ntwo families of distinction, of which the chiefs were known as Captain Joe and\\nCaptain John. They were active in pre-Revolutionary days, and both took\\npart with the colonists in that struggle. Old Joe died at Newbury, in the\\nLower Cohos, in 18 19, and is buried in the original cemetery of the town at\\nthe Ox Bow. Captain John led a small party of Indians, enlisted from Cohos\\nand vicinity, and received a captain s commission. He died a violent death after\\npeace had been restored, and was also buried at the Lower Cohos. He was known\\namong che Indians as Soosup or Snssup, and left one son called Pial Sussup,\\nPial being the Indian for Philip. There is some reason for the belief that\\nthis Pial, son and heir of Captain John, an original Coo-ash-auke chief, who\\nwent from the Upper Cohos to St. Francis or Abenaquis, and who returned to aid\\nthe patriots, with a small band of Cohos Indians, was the Philip. Indian chief,\\nresident in Upper Cohos and chief thereof, who gave to Thomas Fames of\\nNorthumberland the now famous deed of June 8, 1796, conveying to him and his\\nassociates the present county of Coos, together with a portion of the county of\\nOxford in Maine, then a part of Massachusetts being the instrument known as\\nthe King Philip Deed.\\nWhile it is a source of regret that the descriptive and euphonious nomenclature\\nof the aborigines, has largely disappeared from the hills and streams of their\\nhunting-grounds, it is a source of pleasure that it is occasionally retained, Whit-\\ntier, in his Bridal of Penacook, having embalmed in imperishable verse\\nseveral of the ancient designations, two of which pertain to the country of the Coo-\\nash-aukes. He say s", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 309\\nThey came from Sunapee s shores of rock\\nFrom the snowy source of Si-woo-ga-nock,\\nFrom rough Coos, whose wild woods shake\\nTheir pine cones in Umbagog Lake.\\nThat the white settlers of modern Coos were of English origin is evident from\\nthe nomenclature of the towns, which, indeed, granted by an English governor-\\ngeneral, would naturally be of English derivation. Hence the name of the ducal\\nand royal house of Lancaster applied to the earlier and principal settlement,\\nNorthumberland, Percy, Dartmouth, and Cockburne while the name of the\\nfamily manor of the Wentworths at Bretton, in the county of York (the ancient\\nseat being Bretton Hall is duplicated in Bretton Woods, now Carroll,\\nwhere, there is reason to believe, it was the original intent to erect an American\\nbarony.\\nBefore bidding farewell to the aboriginal inhabitants of Coos, the earliest\\nhunters, when fish and game did so abound-; shall I weary your patience and\\ndemonstrate anew my peculiarities as orator of this occasion if I give to you the\\nstory of Metallak as it was told to me in boyhood in the woods Metallak, the\\nlast of the Abenaquis in Cohos, the final hunter of the Coo-ash-aukes over the\\nterritory of his fathers?\\nSportsmen who voyage up the Magalloway, to or through Parmachene, or over\\nthose delightful bodies of water prosaically known as the Rangely Lakes, hear\\nfrequent mention of the word Metallak. It is preserved in the name of the\\npoint once running out into IMollychunkamunk, now submerged by the accumu-\\nlated waters of the Improvement Company in a brook running into the Magal-\\nloway, and in an island in lower Umbagog.\\nIt is true that Captain Farrar, with rare denseness of appreciation, has bestowed\\nthe name Metallic in his guide-books, alike upon chief and localities, as\\nthough the one were really a specimen of native copper, and the other the loca-\\ntion of mineral deposits. Yet there are those who knew these woods and waters\\nbefore the invasion of the vandals or the days of guide-books and to them the\\nold nomenclature is dear, to be perpetuated when the days of the iconoclasts are\\nended. And so, despite guide-books and modern discoverers, we retain the\\nmemory and the name of Metallak, and tell his story here.\\nMetallak was the son of a chief, and from his earliest youth was taught the use\\nof weapons and the craft of the woods. He grew up tall, lithe, and active, the\\npride of his tribe and, after its custom, took to his wigwam the fairest among\\nits maidens. He built his lodge in the old home of his tribe, the Coo-ash-\\naukes, on the waters of the Amariscoggin and for her ransacked the woods\\nfor the softest furs and the choicest game. Two children, a son and daughter,\\ncame to them, and gave to the parents hearts the joy that is born of offspring.\\nYears sped the old chief by the St. Lawrence died, and Metallak was the head\\nof his tribe. The frown of the Great Spirit was dark upon his people. One by\\none its warriors in the woods sickened and passed away. Metallak, in his lodge\\non the point in the lake, watched and mourned the downfall of his race and\\nswift runners told him how the stately tree of his tribe was stripped of its branches\\nbut his mate and his children were left to him, and he vowed to the Great Spirit\\nto remain on the hunting-grounds of his tribe until he should be called to the\\nhappy hunting-grounds of his fathers. Gradually, as fall the leaves of the forest\\nwhen the winds of autumn are abroad, fell the once mighty Abenaquis, until\\nMetallak and his family were alone. The son, not sharing the stern feeling of\\nthe sire, as he grew older sighed for the society of the pale faces, and left the\\nlodge in the forest to find a home with the new companions of his choice. The\\ndaughter had visited at St. Francis, and had joined her fate with a young warrior\\nof the tribe, before the great sickness that decimated them; and he, with the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "3IO HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nEnglish goods, easy of attainment, had robed his dusky bride in garments that a\\nwhite woman might envy. 5he is represented as strikingly beautiful, and when\\nshe visited her father in the wilderness he was almost awed by her charms and\\nher queenly attire.\\nAbout this time, while closing a moccasin, Metallak had the misfortune to lose\\nan eye. Time sped. The bride of his youth sickened and died, a sad blow for\\nthe desolate chief. She who entered his lodge when youth was high and his\\ntribe had a place in the land, who had, with him, endured long years of adversity,\\nwas called, and he was alone.\\nMournfully he laid the body in his canoe, together with the trinkets which in\\nlife had been dear to her, and gliding out from the sheltered shore took his way\\nacross the narrow strait and down its course to the broad reach of Mollychunk-\\namunk, past the whispering pines and sunny beaches, guided by the roar of\\nAmariscoggin, where he shoots his crested waters toward the more quiet expanse\\nof Umbagog. Entering the rapids he sat erect in the stern of his canoe his\\nbeloved and lost companion in repose before him and with skilful hand guided\\nthe frail bark with its precious burden through the seething waters, past danger-\\nous rock and whirling eddy, until it shot out upon the sunlit expanse of the lower\\nlake still down, past where the river debouches on its way to the sea, to where,\\nin the broad expanse, rises the green island that now bears his name. Here he\\ndug her grave and buried her, after the fashion of his people and without a tear\\nseated himself upon the mound. Night came, but he moved not the wolf howled\\nfrom the mainland, the song of the night-wind was on the air but he heeded\\nnot morning came and passed night again and morning and still he sat upon\\nthe grave. It was not until the morning of the third day that he left the sacred\\nspot. He built him a hut near it, leaving it only to procure necessary sustenance.\\nYears went by, during which he was occasionally seen by the hunters and trap-\\npers who visited the region, but his eye had lost its fire, and his step was less\\nfirm than of old. In the year 1846 two hunters came across him in the woods.\\nIt was in November, and a very rainy time. He had fallen down, and upon a\\nstub, thus extinguishing his remaining eye. He was without lire or food, and\\nupon the point of starvation. They built a fire, collected wood, gave him provi-\\nsions, and left him for assistance. With this they returned, and carried him to\\nStewartstown, on the Connecticut, where he lingered a few years, a public charge\\non the county of Coos. He now rests apart from the wife he loved so well but\\nhis name and memory linger in the haunts of his manhood and reference to the\\nmodern hunting-grounds of Coos would be incomplete without the story of Metal-\\nlak, the last of his race within our present boundaries, the last hunter of the\\nancient Coo-ash-aukes.\\nTo the story of Metallak let me append the story and the tragedy of two w/iite\\nhunters on the same grounds the story of Robbins, the murderer, and his vic-\\ntim, Hines.\\nWhere the Diamond glances down from the forests of College Grant, entering\\nthe Magalloway under the shadow of Mount Dustin, is a farm originally cleared\\nby a hunter named Robbins. He was a stern, vindictive man, and wild stories\\nwere early abroad concerning his deeds. In the fall of 1S26, in company with\\nseveral companions Hines, Cloutman, and Hayes, all hunters by profession,\\nhe went upon the Androscoggin waters to trap sable. The party continued their\\nhunt successfully until the first snows fell, when, leaving Robbins in care of the\\nproperty, his comrades started on a last visit to the traps, extending over a line\\nof twenty miles. On their return the camp was found burned and Robbins and\\nthe furs gone. They were without provisions and sixty miles from inhabitants\\nbut with great privation and suffering they were able to work their way into the\\nsettlements. On their return they instituted a suit in the courts of Coos county\\nagainst Robbins, which was carried to a successful conclusion and execution was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 311\\nissued. Spring again came around, when Robbins proposed to Hines to hunt\\nonce more, promismg to turn his share of the proceeds towards the extinguish-\\nment of the adjudged debt. Hines consented, and taking with him his son of\\nfifteen years, proceeded to the hunting-grounds around Parmachene lake. Again\\nthey were successful, when one day, as Hines was returning to camp, he was met\\nby Robbins and shot. The boy was killed by a blow from a hatchet and Rob-\\nbins was lett with the bloody spoil. The bodies were found and a search insti-\\ntuted. Robbins was arrested in the woods by Lewis Loomis and Hezekiah Par-\\nsons of Colebrook, after a desperate resistance, and lodged in Lancaster jail.\\nHaving some confederate, he obtained tools and commenced preparations for his\\nescape. Working diligently at the window of his room, in the old Elm Tree jail,\\nhe succeeded in loosening the gratings, each day concealing his work by hang-\\ning over it his blanket, under the pretext that the room was cold, and the window\\nadmitted air. When all was in readiness, he made his exit, and the night before\\nhis trial was to have commenced he was missing, nor was any search successful.\\nPublic opinion was strongly against the jailer, as being in league with the prisoner,\\nand was near manifesting itself in a rude manner. Strange rumors were afloat\\nlor years concerning his whereabouts and career, but nothing definite was known\\nby the pubhc ot his subsequent life or final decease.\\nFISH AND GAME.\\nI well remember, as a boy, that a fine string of trout could always be easily\\ntaken from the bridge on Main street across Isreals river in Lancaster, and\\nthat a local character, one Tinker Wade, was accustomed frequently to secure a\\npeck or more of these luscious fish by the clumsy process of mixing powdered\\ncoccuhis tndicus with bran, making pellets, which thrown at random upon the\\nwater rom this bridge would be speedily devoured by the jumping trout to intox-\\nicate them, when they would leap out of the water or float upon its surface, an\\neasy spoil to the hand or the stick of the tinker.\\nThe entire Cohos country, at the time of its settlement by the whites, abounded\\nin tish and game, and, indeed, was among the most prolific of the huntin r-\\ngrounds of the aborigines. For many years after settlers had opened up the\\nforest all over this extent of territory, and, indeed, after considerable towns had\\nsprung up therein, the game of the woods and the fish of the streams existed in\\nprolusion, but the advance of clearings, the lumber operations, and the century\\nof hunting and fishing that has followed has materially diminished the supply and\\nexterminated some species. Of the larger game, it is rare to find a moose or\\ncaribou, a wolt or a beaver. Salmon have entirely disappeared, and trout, in\\nmany once prolific localities, seem to be vanishing as did the salmon and shad.\\nIt IS only in the secluded ponds and the small streams above the mills in the\\ntorests that trout are now taken.\\nWhen settlers from the lower Cohos penetrated the wilderness covering the\\npresent county of Cods, they found in abundance the moose, caribou, deer, the\\nwolf, the bear, the lynx, the otter, the beaver, the red and cross fox, the marten\\nor sable, the mink, the muskrat, the hedgehog, the woodchuck. Of birds, the\\npartridge or rufted grouse, and pigeon and of fish, the salmon, and perhaps the\\nshad, and trout. So common were the moose, that it was not unusual for scores\\nto be slain by a single hunter in a season. The greatest destruction of this ani-\\nmal occurred annually in March, when the snow was deep and had stiff-ened after\\na thaw. They were then destroyed by professional hunters, who took only the\\nskin, tallow, and nose, which last named part, together with a beaver s tail, were\\nfavorite tid-bits to the epicures of the forest. One season, a hunter named\\nr|.athan Caswell killed ninety-nine moose in the vicinity of Lancaster, most of\\nthem wantonly, not even saving the tallow or skins. This wasteful outrage so", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "312 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbrought him into disrepute with the settlers that they refused him their houses,\\nand finally drove him from the region.\\nLater, moose were plenty around the head waters of the Connecticut, but\\nbeing hunted with dogs and on the crust, they were soon practically exterminated.\\nIt is told that one of the Hilliards destroyed eighty in one season, after which\\nwholesale massacre, they practically disappeared. South of Lancaster village, and\\nin the town limits, rise three conical peaks, Mounts Orne, Pleasant, and Prospect,\\nknovi n as the Martin Meadow Hills, and south of Mounts Pleasant and Orne\\nis a sheet of water of about four hundred acres, known as Martin Meadow\\nPond. This was a favorite resort for moose and deer, and an unfailing rendez-\\nvous for the settler, when the family was out of meat. This pond was in the\\nlow pine territory extending through parts of Dalton, Carroll, Whitefield, and\\nJefferson, in which last named town is Pondicherry, or Cherry pond, at the\\nnorthern base of Cherry Mountain, the entire region, in the early days, being\\na favorite resort of the moose. To illustrate their abundance, I quote from an\\nold manuscript in my possession, written by the late Hon. John W. Weeks.\\nAn early settler, by the name of Dennis Stanley, a lieutenant in the Conti-\\nnental army, and a man of strong mind and perfect veracity, informed the writer\\nthat being out of meat and wanting a moose skin to buy a certain luxury, then\\nmuch used, and too often at the present day (New England rum), went alone to\\nCherry pond for a supply, carrying his old gun, which had been so much used\\nthat by turning powder into the barrel, it would prime itself. He had scarcely\\nstruck fire in his camp when he heard several moose, wading from the shallow\\nside of the pond toward deep water. He then uncorked his powder-horn, put\\nseveral bullets in his mouth and waited until the moose in front was nearly\\nimmersed in water. He then waded in, where the water was about one foot in\\ndepth, and took his position, not in the rear of the moose, lest they should swim\\nover the pond but at a right angle with their track and at easy musket shot from\\nit. On his appearance, the moose four in number as he had anticipated,\\nchose rather to wade back than to swim over, and commenced their retreat in the\\nsame order in which they had entered the pond that was, one behind the other,\\nat some distance apart. In a moment, the moose that had been in the rear was\\nnow in front in the retreat, and coming within reach, he was shot at the powder-\\nhorn was then applied to the muzzle of the gun, a bullet followed from his mouth\\nwith the celerity which hunters only know; the second moose was fired at; the\\nthird and fourth in rapid succession, when Lieutenant Stanley found time to give\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a. fifth discharge at the moose in the rear. Three fell at the water s edge, the\\nother staggered to the top of the bank, where he fell dead.\\nThe moose seems almost to have been an antediluvian animal and out of place\\nin the highlands of New England. The long fore legs precluded grazing from\\nlevel ground, or from drinking from the level of its feet. It could only browse on\\ntwigs and trees, sometimes inserting its teeth through the bark, stripping it off\\nand masticating as it raised its head. I remember, while on the state boundary\\nin 1858, after seeing moose signs, coming upon a mountain ash that had been\\nstripped in the manner indicated, to a height of thirteen feet from the ground.\\nAnother peculiarity of the moose was the uncouth long upper lip, prehensile\\nalmost like a trunk, the broad nostrils that could be tightly closed, the false lid to\\nthe eye, all indicating the adaptability of the animal to feed under water; and\\nindeed it was and is their custom, as is well known, to congregate in the soft,\\nmuddy margins of the ponds, feeding largely on lily pads and the roots of the\\npond lily, which they tore up from beneath the water.\\nMajor Weeks s manuscript, before referred to, gives this description of the horns\\nof this forest monarch Nothing can exceed the symmetry and beauty of the\\nlimbs and horns of the moose. The round part of the horns, or that next the\\nhead, is about fourteen inches in length, when it becomes palmated, and is in", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 313\\nsome instances twelve inches broad, surmounted, in one instance, told me by\\nEdward Spaulding, now living (1839), ^Y seventeen spikes on each horn. A\\nhorn now before me is one and one half inches in diameter at the base, and eight\\ninches in length, terminating in a point. The largest class of horns spread five\\nfeet, and weigh about live hundred pounds.\\nThe last moose familiar to Lancaster people was one owned and kept by Louis\\nAnnance, a St. Francis Indian, who forty-five years ago had a lodge a mile east\\nof the village, near the Sawacoonauk or Isreals river. Annance was a iame\\nIndian, and a member of the Ancient Masonic Lodge at Lancaster. He, how-\\never, lived in the style of his fathers his pappooses were strapped to boards and\\nhung up in the lodge or carried on the back when traveling, and the moose was\\nkept for exhibition.\\nFrom the manuscript of Major Weeks before referred to, I copy a description\\nof the location of these animals together with some hints as to their habits.\\nAbout two miles southwest of the town centre is a large tract of alluvial land\\ncalled Martin Meadow (the meadows in the present school district No. 2), from\\nan early hunter whose name was Martin. He caught an immense number of\\nbeaver from Beaver brook, which meanders through the meadow beaver dams\\non this brook can yet be traced in one instance for about fifty rods in length and\\nnear five feet in height. There are others of less extent, yet all exhibiting extra-\\nordinary skill and ingenuity, superior to some bipeds who attempt the erection of\\ndams. The banks of this brook are perforated in hundreds of places, which show\\nthe former residences of bank beaver, a kind smaller than those wonderful archi-\\ntects who build dams and erect houses, several feet in diameter, with a layer of\\npoles through the middle which divides them into two stories, in one of which,\\ntheir food for winter, consisting of bark and small poles, cut about two feet in\\nlength, is deposited, while the other, covered with leaves, is their resting place\\nduring the inclement season. The entrance to both kinds of habitation is always\\nbelow low water mark, from which point they ascend, through a subterranean\\npassage, often several rods long, to their dark, yet comfortable, abode.\\nThe Beaver brook, here referred to, from the clearing up of the land around its\\nsources, has much shrunk in volume, and now flows sluggishly through the low\\nmeadow, known to its owners as the bog. It enters the Connecticut near the\\nBrick Schoolhouse, near which was the residence of Edwards Bucknam, a\\nfollower of Governor Page, the first settler of the town. He was a man,\\nsays the record, of unbounded hospitality and usefulness, was a dead shot with\\nhis smooth bore, could draw teeth, let blood, perform the duties of priest in\\nmarrying, was one of the most skilful and accurate surveyors in the state, was\\nproprietor and town clerk (his house and records being destroyed by fire in\\n1772), was afterwards general of militia, became regardless of property and died\\npoor. It may be added that he was buried near his home, on the heights of a\\npromontory overlooking the valley, where for an hundred years the whispering\\nbranches of the sentinel pines, standing over his lonely and unmarked grave,\\nhave told his story to the winds and sighed his requiem.\\nWolves were frequent in the Cohos country at the time of its settlement, and\\ndid not entirely disappear until within the last thirty years. Old residents of\\nLancaster have informed me that they frequently heard, thirt3--five years ago, the\\nhowl of the wolf from the woods east of the village, not more than half a mile\\ndistant. The last wolf captured in that town was about 1840, and by Mr.\\nEdward Spaulding, then an old man, and one of the first white persons in town.\\nHe had set a trap on the northern slope of Mount Pleasant, near his farmhouse\\nand south of the village, and repairing to it found therein a large \u00e2\u0080\u00a2gray wolf. The\\nanimal, by its struggles, was in danger of freeing himself, when Mr. Spaulding\\nattacked him with a stake which lie carried, and succeeded in disabling and finally\\nkilling him. I well remember, as a child, the sight of the skin as shown in the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "314 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nvillage, and of the wondering interest with which I listened to the story of the\\nbattle between the old man with his club and the gaunt monster of the forests.\\nAs exhibiting the numbers and ferocity of these dread animals during the\\nearlier settlement of the Cohos country, I give the following incident, told me by\\nmy mother, who had it from her great-grandfather, John Mann, the first settler of\\nOrford in the Lower Cohos, who came to that town in 1765, commencing his first\\nhouse and clearing on the Connecticut interval, a little west of where the present\\nhomestead stands, on the broad main street running through that pleasant village.\\nMr. Mann was engaged in clearing, and had in his employ a stalwart negro,\\nwho is remembered by tradition as especially powerful and fearless. Wolves\\nabounded and were exceedingly fierce; indeed it was the custom to leave the\\nwoods, where choppers were engaged, each day before sundown. On the occa-\\nsion referred to, the sun going down behind the hills on the west side of the Con-\\nnecticut, and the shadows beginning to darken the recesses of the forest, grand-\\nfather shouldered his ax, telling the negro to follow him, in his return to the\\nhouse and security. The man was engaged on a giant tree and hesitated, saying\\nthat he meant to lay that low before leaving. Telling him that it was unsafe to\\nremain, and bidding him follow, Mr. Mann started for home, expecting the black\\nto obey him. Arrived there, he discovered that he was alone, but momentarily\\nexpected the arrival of the other. Night came but not the negro, and a great\\nnoise of wolves was heard in the woods he had left. It would have been death to\\nreturn in the darkness alone, and through the hours of that long night, amid the\\nhowls from the forest, he waited, powerless to help or save. With the morning\\nlight he hastened to the spot where he left the man the day before, to find seven\\nwolves lying dead, a bloody ax, and the ghastly relics of the daring fellow, who\\nhad remained at his work too long. He had been attacked by a lavenous pack,\\nselling his life after a terrific struggle. I have never seen this incident in print,\\nbut I heard it in my childhood, and recently it was again told me, as it came from\\nthe aged pioneer, who told it to his great-grandchild in her girlhood.\\nDeer abounded, but are now rare. They were finally driven away by chasing\\nthem with dogs, nor will they be plenty in the deep woods that yet remain if this\\npractice is continued. Dogs follow them on the crust, as the wolves used to\\npursue and exterminate them, and the more limited forest area, together with the\\nincreased number of hunters in later years, has accomplished what the wolves\\nfailed to do, driven the deer absolutely from broad areas of our country. It is\\nbelieved that where deer still remain, hunting with firearms alone will not\\ndepopulate or drive them away, but they fly from the lands when dogs are put\\nupon their trail.\\nDeer formerly existed in vast numbers in the pine forests of Jefferson, Carroll,\\nWhitefield, Dalton, and the southern part of Lancaster. This abundance was\\nlargely due to an agreement among the people of those towns to keep dogs off the\\ndeer, and many dogs were killed that they might not chase them. Another\\nreason for the plentiful supply, aside from their natural fecundity and increase\\nwhen in a manner protected, was because they fled from hunters and hounds used\\nfor their capture around Littleton and adjacent forests in Vermont. One hunter\\nin Lancaster took forty deer in one season, and Mr. James B. Weeks one year,\\nwithout effort or chase, shot fifteen from his farm on the southern slope of Mount\\nProspect. Deer are now comparatively rare.\\nThe black bear was very common, and indeed is now frequently taken in Coos.\\nA summer rarely passes wherein one or more are not captured on the slopes of\\nthe Pilot range and Starr King, not more than four or five miles from Lancaster\\nvillage. The animal lives on roots and weeds, with occasional variations of diet,\\ncomprising berries, green corn, or a fat sheep from the outlying flock. He\\nenjoys the wild turnip and other indigenous roots, digging them with one claw\\nas neatly as a man would run his forefinger around in mellow ground briefly.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LANCASTER. 315\\nthe food of the bear is whatever a hog eats, with mutton extra. They seldom\\nattack men hardly ever unless in defence of their young.\\n_ Partridges, or ruffed grouse, were once, and until quite recently, very plenty\\njust now, however, they are rare. This scarcity is attributable to the large\\nincrease of the red fox, who preys upon him with devastating effect. Reynardls\\nnot now poisoned as formerly, and hence has largely multiplied. His pelts\\nabound in the country stores, and his tracks, after a light snow, trace a\\nlabyrinth over every field and hillside. Partridges have disappeared before him.\\nThe wild pigeon, once also very plenty, is now comparatively rare. Thirty\\nyears ago every buckwheat field in the fall swarmed with pigeons. They had\\nregular roosts, from which they swarmed down on the fields an old device was\\nto have a pigeon bed for a decoy, with a net so arranged as to be thrown over\\nthe bed at will, when the birds had alighted. I have the experience of a present\\ncitizen of Lancaster, who informs me that when a boy he caught forty dozen\\npigeons one autumn, from a bed on his father s farm on iMt. Prospect.\\n_ In the autumn of 1844 James W. Weeks of Lancaster was engaged in surveys\\nin the extreme northern part of the county, near the boundary range. He says\\nthat he then on one occasion passed through a pigeon roost extending over a\\ntwo hours walk, the trees being full of nests built upon crossed twigs laid upon\\nthe branches; the ground literally sprinkled with shells beneath them.\\nSalmon ceased in Cohos about 1808. Up to that time they came up the Con-\\nnecticut at least so far as Stewartstown, forty-five miles north of Lancaster, there\\nbeing a notable place there known as the Salmon Hole. They abounded in\\nLancaster and ascended the Ammonoosuc so far as the Fabyan place in the White\\nMountains. Mr. Edward Spaulding of Lancaster used to say that the early settlers\\nrelied as much on catching and salting down an annual barrel of salmon, as later\\nfarmers did upon salting down the yearly supply of pork. In the great eddy at\\nthe head of the Fifteen Mile Falls in Dalton, near the mouth of John s\\nriver, the location ot Captain John Stark s capture by the Indians, was a famous\\nsalmon hole, where the noble fish apparently rested in the somewhat cooler\\nwater discharged by the smaller stream, after the ascent of the falls Here\\npeople resorted from all the region round about, as they did to Namoskea^r\\nand for a similar purpose. At the mouth of the Isreals river in Lancaster was\\\\\\nsimilar salmon hole.\\nThe first dam across the Connecticut in Massachusetts was built about the end\\nof the last century; but these early dams, lower, and equipped with aprons,\\ndid not offer the obstacles to the ascent of the stream bv these vigorous fish pre-\\nsented by their successors; and so the salmon, in lessened numbers, continued\\nto return from the sea, until higher dams impeded their progress.\\nRecent efforts to restock the Connecticut and some of it s tributaries with this\\nfish have been only moderately successful, and can never be of practical avail\\nuntil generous fishways are constructed at all the obstructing dams.\\nThere is little absolute certainty that shad were once common to our waters,\\nalthough at Littleton, in Grafton countv, there is a record, in 1792, of the elec-\\ntion of inspectors of salmon and shad, leaving the presumption that shad were\\nthen known there. If so, they doubtless came higher up the streams.\\nTrout, the natural and delicious fish of New England, once peopled, in\\ncrowded abtindance, every stream of our hills and ponds of our valleys. They have\\nin some places disappeared before the voracious pickerel, but the sawdust of the\\nlumberman is more fatal to them than the hunger of this destrover or the arts of\\nthe angler. The day has passed when the local bard could truthfully record\\nIn the silent hollows,\\nThe red trout groweth prime\\nFor the miller and the miller s son\\nTo angle when they ve time.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "3l6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nFor then, lulled, almost, by the drowsy monotone of the grist mills, the trout\\nslumbered in each alder-shaded pool of all our streams.\\nWherever there is a sawmill the dust clogs the stream and the trout disappear\\nfrom below it. For trout to propagate and multiply, clear water is essential, with\\na reasonable large reach of still, deep water for a winter retreat. Obstacles\\nremoved, they suddenly reappear and rapidly multiply. A few years ago an old\\ndam on the Otter brook, in Lancaster, was down and free egress given to the\\nwaters of the stream sawdust also ceased. A gentleman, going his rounds on\\nthe meadow below, saw in a shallow pool in the grass, several trout; procuring a\\nhandful of shingles, by sticking them down, he cut off their retreat, and by gradu-\\nally advancing them, worked the fish upon the dry land, when he took eighteen\\nfine trout, half filling a Shaker pail and weighing about one pound apiece. These\\nfish had come down through the broken dam on the first opportunity and, in the\\nabsence of obstructions and the fatal sawdust, had multiplied and thriven. If the\\nday ever comes when our streams are pure, they will again be filled with this\\ndelicious fish.\\nCHAPTER II.\\nLOCALITIES, STREETS, PARKS, AND CEMETERIES.\\nThe Derivation of the Names of Localities and Places in and\\nABOUT Lancaster.\\nBy Hon. James \\\\V. Weeks.\\nLancaster and Lunenburg were undoubtedly named from the\\nMassachusetts towns of the same name. It is reasonable to so\\nattribute them, inasmuch as many of the original grantees were from\\nthe immediate vicinity of those Worcester county towns.\\nMarthi s Mcadozv. According to tradition one Martin in very\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0early times trapped beaver on the vast meadows to which his name\\nin time became attached. He seems, whoever he was, to have been\\nof a roving disposition, and discovering these beaver meadows was\\naccustomed to come to them to replenish his stores of furs. No\\none ever knew where he came from or where he went. He must\\nhave come here a long time before the first settlers, for when they\\narrived they found the beaver dams somewhat gone into decay and\\nthe meadows covered with grass as the waters had receded. The\\nfact of that meadow affording vast quantities of hay determined the\\nfirst settlers to locate near it, as did the presence of grass on the\\nConnecticut river determine the settlement of Stockwell and Page\\nfar up that stream. Major Weeks is authority for the statement\\nthat the beaver dams were five feet high, as much as fifty rods long,\\nand covered with trees in his day. This fact would indicate vast\\nnumbers of them, and a long and uninterrupted occupancy of the\\nstreams to accomplish such stupendous results. Re-v. Stephen Wil-\\nliams, who, with his father, was captured by the Indians at the sack-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "White Mountains from District No. io.\\nMakux .Mi:auow Pond.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "LOCALITIES, STREETS, PARKS, AN\u00c2\u00ae CEMETERIES. 317\\ning of Deerfield in 1 704, and hunted and fished with them in Lower\\nCoos for a long time, says in his diary, We killed on one brook as\\nmany as eighty beavers. It is not unlikely that they visited this\\nfamous home of the beaver. At all events they must have been\\nequally abundant here, from which fact the meadow is rightly\\nnamed. The hills and pond adjacent to the stream and meadows\\nhave taken the same name Martin Meadow hills, Martin Meadow\\npond.\\nIsreals River and Johns River. These streams were named\\nafter Isreal and John Glines, brothers, who trapped along their\\nwaters. Each one located his camp on the stream that after a time\\nw^as referred to as his river. At just what date they located here is\\nnot definitely known but Johns river was known by that name\\nwhen John Stark, who was captured by the Indians and carried to\\nCanada in 1752, camped near the mouth of the river, and refers to\\nit b} that name in the account of his captivity. A tradition, accord-\\ning to General Bucknam, as related by Esquire Brackett, was that\\nsometime prior to 1752, John Glines was passing up the Connecti-\\ncut river in his canoe when an Indian shot at him from the shore,\\nand missing his aim, Glines returned the fire killing the Indian.\\nThat, of course, made it unsafe for him to remain in the vicinity, as\\nthere was an unfriendly feeling existing between the Indians and\\nwhites at the time. The Glines brothers were said to have been\\nconnections of ]\\\\Irs. Sally (Bishop) Stanley, and came from Bos-\\ncawen, then Contoocook.\\nInelian Brook. This brook running through the village, cross-\\ning North Main street near the jail, derives its name from the cir-\\ncumstance of a few Indian families having their wigwams near its\\nmouth shortly after the first settlers came here. There is a tradi-\\ntion that one squaw died and was buried there, but that a short\\ntime afterward her bones were dug up and carried to Canada for\\nChristian interment under auspices of Jesuit missionaries, who in\\nthose days exercised a great influence over the Indians of the region\\nnorth of here who frequently sojourned along the head waters of\\nthe Connecticut.\\nNash Stream. This stream was named for one Sam Nash, a\\nvagabond hunter, who hunted in that vicinity, and hung about\\nLieutenant Stanley s in hope of getting food and shelter from Mr.\\nStanley.\\nNash and Sawyer^ s Location. This location was named for\\nTimothy Nash and Benjamin Sawyer, the former of Lancaster and\\nthe latter of Conway. They obtained a grant of land in 1771, in\\nconsideration of building a road through the Notch of the White\\nMountains. The whole of the grant laid to the west of the Notch,\\nand was surveyed by Edwards Bucknam in 1773. Much has been", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "3l8 HI8T0RY OF LANCASTER.\\nwritten and published concerning the discovery and improvement of\\nthe roadway through the Notch, and also concerning the names of\\nthe builders of that road that is misleading, which calls for correc-\\ntion at our hands. Timothy Nash was a citizen of Lancaster. On\\nthe 1 2th of March, 1772, he was appointed one of a committee to\\nlook out and mark out a road to Pigwaket. Nash had discovered\\nthe pass in 1771, while pursuing a moose which disappeared\\nthrough the Notch. Confiding his secret to Sawyer, they hastened\\nto the governor and got themselves appointed on a committee to\\nlay out a road through the newly-discovered mountain pass, then an\\nIndian trail of which there was legend. Sawyer does not seem to\\nhave had anything to do with the road north of the mountains. He\\nwas a well-known character about Conway, where many interesting\\nanecdotes were told of him.\\nSawyer s Rock derived its name from the fact that Benjamin\\nSawyer on one occasion was pursuing a moose that tried to ascend\\nthe rock, which was covered with ice, and fell backward off it, upon\\nwhich Sawyer ran up and cut his hamstrings with a knife, a feat\\nthat brought to him great renown among the pioneers.\\nBitrnside Mcadozvs. The extensive meadows of that name\\nlocated in Lancaster and Northumberland, were originally beaver\\nmeadows to which one Burnside resorted for grass to feed his stock\\nas he had not at the time of his settling in Northumberland cleared\\nenough land to produce hay for stock.\\nBurnside Brook. This is the brook running through Burnside\\nMeadows, and derived its name from the same source Thomas\\nBurnside.\\nOtter Brook. A small stream that empties into Isreals river\\nfrom the north about half way between Lancaster Village and Jeffer-\\nson Mills. It got its name from the otter that inhabited it in vast\\nnumbers. In the early records of the town it was known as Great\\nbrook also. The farm on which Spofford A. Way lives was named\\nGreat Brook Farm by Titus O. Brown, who lived upon it about\\nthat time, and upon which he raised the tobacco that formed the\\nfirst article of commerce shipped through the White Mountain Notch\\nroad toward the sea-coast from Lancaster.\\nGreat Brook. This brook, as known to-day, was first called\\nMarden s brook, but at a later date was changed to its present\\nname, and with the smaller stream running between the houses of\\nJames and John Marden has taken the name of Marden s brook.\\nMount Prospect. The high mountain knob lying directly south\\nof the village was named Mt. Prospect at a very early date on\\naccount of the extended view to be had from its summit of the entire\\nsurrounding country.\\nMount Willard and Willard s Basin. Mt. Willard is the round", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "(iKKAT Rock and Schoolhouse.\\nGrange Villa(;e a", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "LOCALITIES, STREETS, PARKS, AND CEMETERIES. 319\\nmountain in Kilkenny. Willard s Basin is the large tract of com-\\nparatively level land lying to the west of Mt. Willard. These were\\nnamed for Jonathan Willard who came from Charlestown, N. H.\\nHe was a relative of Governor Hubbard and Hon. Enos Stevens,\\nand also grandfather of Mrs. Soloman Hemenway. For some rea-\\nson Willard abandoned his family and friends, and about the time\\nPage, Stockwell, and Bucknam came to Lancaster he appeared. He\\nwas an eccentric character, and lived for many years in entire soli-\\ntude in the forests, with no other company than his dog Pilot. Once\\nin a while he would visit Captain Stockwell, and after remaining a\\nfew days return to his solitary retreat in the dense forest. After\\nmany years when he had become quite infirm his son came and took\\nhim back to Charlestown.\\nEgy^t. The extensive meadows, known as the Brooks Mead-\\nows, on the Connecticut river, now owned by Frank Smith Com-\\npany, obtained the name of Egypt during the cold seasons prior to\\n18 17, when they were the only lands in Lancaster on which corn\\nwould ripen, and going to Egypt for corn became a common\\nexpression. It is handed down by tradition as a fact that Col. Syl-\\nvanus Chessman, who owned the land at that time, was accustomed\\nto build fires around his cornfields to w^ard off the frost and thus\\nsave his corn crop from utter loss. These lands once belonged to\\nJeremiah Wilcox, an early settler who left town about 1800, after\\nwhich the lands were owned by Ezra Brooks who occupied the\\nWilcox house which stood on the west side of the Dalton road, a\\nshort distance north of where Jason H. Woodward now lives.\\nParis. The farm next above Wilcox s on the river was called\\nParis from the circumstance that Colonel Chessman made plaster of\\nParis there which he used as a fertilizer on his lands. This material\\nis otherwise known as gypsum, or land plaster.\\nTHE STREETS AND PARKS. NAMES OF STREETS, WHEN AND HOW\\nNAMED. CENTENNIAL PARK. SOLDIERS PARK.\\nLancaster is noted for its broad, clean, and shady streets. Among\\nthe earliest settlers in the village there was an inherent love of trees,\\nand the Lancaster of to-day is full of that most exquisite beauty that\\nonly trees can impart. The older streets, Main, North Main, Mid-\\ndle and Elm streets, are lined with gigantic elms that almost arch\\nthe streets. There was an old elm standing in the middle of Main\\nstreet nearly opposite Centennial park that was too sacred to cut\\ndowni. It stood there defying the storms and pleasing the eyes of\\nthe people of Lancaster until Jan. 10, 1849, when it was blown\\ndown. There is an elm tree in front of Mary Young s house on\\nMain street, planted by Titus O. Brown, 1795. Judge Everett at", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "320 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\na very early date planted a row of Lombardy poplars from the court-\\nhouse down past where the Lancaster House now stands, but they\\nhave long since perished while the stately elms continue to hold up\\ntheir heads full of life and beauty.\\nLancaster has always been justly proud of its streets and for\\nsome few years past an interest has been deepening in the feeling\\nand thought of the people for parks. Lancaster is now blessed with\\ntwo handsome parks that promise much beauty and comfort for the\\nyears to come.\\nSTREETS.\\nAs the first settlers of Lancaster were farmers somewhat scattered\\nover its territory the original streets were at first but portions of the\\nroads leading from one section to another of the town in which the\\nscattered families lived. After a time the village began to grow\\nalong the upper end of what is now Main street, and a little later\\nthe business places followed the mills toward Isreals river, and upon\\nthe erection of a passable bridge over that stream they arose on the\\nroad to Whitefield, and south toward the Bucknam settlement.\\nIn process of time, neither history nor tradition tell us just when,\\nthe road from the Stockwell and Page settlement to the Isreals\\nriver bridge and beyond to the forks of the roads leading to White-\\nfield and down the river took the name of Main street, while the\\none down the river toward the Bucknam settlement got the name of\\nElm street. So with several others, names came but by no definite\\nlegal process as at present in vogue.\\nAs long as the village was small, and all business clustered on a\\nfew streets, and everybody knew where everybody else lived, and no\\nother demands existed for the definite naming of streets they went\\neither unnamed or by such names as those living on them saw fit to\\ngive them.\\nIn 1862, after some discussion of the matter, a popular meeting\\nwas called for the purpose of naming the streets of Lancaster village.\\nThe meeting assembled in town hall on a Friday evening, September,\\n1862. The gathering was duly organized by the election of ex-Gov.\\nJ. W. Williams as chairman, and Henry O. Kent as secretary. On\\nmotion a committee of one or more from each street and place w^as\\nselected to report names to be applied to the streets. The commit-\\ntee reported and its report was adopted by the meeting. The\\nnames they gave the streets and places were as follows\\nMain Street. From Horace F. Holton s house to the town hall.\\nLaid out 1796.\\nEhn Sti eet. From the American House (south end of Main\\nstreet) to W. G. Wentworth s (old Parson Willard place). Laid out\\n1795-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "LOCALITIES, STREETS, PARKS, AND CEMETERIES. 32 1\\nMiddle Street. From Main street near the north end of the\\nlower bridge, east to village limits. Laid out 1792.\\nMechanic Street. From town hall across the upper bridge to\\nMiddle. Laid out 1852.\\nProspect Street. From south end of Main street and past\\nhouses of Wm. Boswell and VV. L. Rowell (as then occupied) to\\nvillage limits on Whitefield road. Laid out 1795.\\nCottage Street. From Prospect street past J. L Williams s and\\nW. A. Folsom s (now Underwood and Whipple). Laid out at an\\nearly date, but recognized by the selectmen 1864.\\nPortland Street. From Prospect street up the Meeting-house\\nhill and toward Jefferson Mills. Laid out 1796.\\nPleasant Street. From Portland street on the common eastward\\npast the house of T. S. Underwood (now Heywood, Eaton, et als.).\\nLaid out i860. Extended to Mechanic street 1866.\\nHigh Street. From Main and past the houses of Nelson Kent\\nand Frank Smith. Laid out 1853.\\nSuimner Street. From Middle street to High street. Laid out\\n1855, and extended from High street to North street 1859.\\nNorth Street. From the head of Main street at the Holton\\nplace toward Northumberland. Laid out 1796 with Main street.\\n(Changed 1891 to North Main street.)\\nBridge Street. From the north end of Main street toward the\\nToll bridge on the Connecticut river. Laid out 1855, before that a\\nprivate way since 1804.\\n3fill Street. From Main street at the south end of lower bridge,\\neasterly along the river, past H. Adams s shop. Now occupied by\\nF. Smith Co. s mills, and vacated by common consent as a private\\nway.\\nWater Street. From Elm street down Isreals river past the old\\nstarch mill, now Richardson s furniture factory. Laid out 1848.\\nLancaster Place. The square between the Lancaster House\\nand the buildings south. Laid out 1879.\\nKent Place. The passageway and square north and in the rear\\nof R. P. Kent Son s store. A private way.\\nChurch Street. The place south and in rear of the Methodist\\nchurch. A private way.\\nThose were all the streets then existing. At the meeting above\\nreferred to, it was voted on motion that the clerk enter these names\\nin a book for future reference. A motion also prev^ailed by which\\nH.O.Kent, A. J. Marshall, and Edmund Brown were made a\\ncommittee to prepare suitable signs with the names of the streets\\nthereon and affix them at the intersection of the streets and places,\\nand that the expense of such signs be defrayed by the people living\\non the streets or places where they are affixed. The proceedings", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "322 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nof that meeting were published in the Coos Republican by vote of\\nthe meeting.\\nSince that time streets have been laid out by authority, and named\\nas follows\\nPark Street. From Prospect street to Portland street on the\\nsouth side of the old Mdeting-House common. Laid out and named\\nin 1861.\\nCanal Street. From Main street near north end of lower bridge\\nto the Thompson Manufacturing Co. s shops. Laid out and named\\nin 1867.\\nWilliams Street. From Elm street to Prospect street. Laid\\nout 1867, and named after ex-Gov. J. W. Williams.\\nWilliams Place. The square between the Williams House and\\nthe Roby cottage. Now a private way.\\nWinter Street From Elm street on top of Baker hill to inter-\\nsect Water street. Laid out and named in 1869.\\nRailroad Street. From Main street to Summer street exten-\\nsion. Laid out and named in 1870.\\nCemetery Street. From the B. M. railroad near the depot to\\nSummer street. Laid out and named in 1875.\\nHill Street. From Middle street north to intersect Bunker Hill\\nstreet extension. Laid out in part 1875, and extended 1895.\\nWalcott Street. From Summer street to the passage way west\\nof the B. M. railroad sheds. Laid out and named in 1876 for\\nDr. Walcott.\\nWallace Street. From B. M. depot northerly to Kilkenny\\nstreet. Laid out and named in 1877.\\nBanker Mill Street. From Main street east. Was widened\\nand named in 1877, extended in 1889.\\nSpring Street. From Elm street to Water street. Laid out\\nand named in 1880, but was known as Hanson street, named after\\nthe Hanson place nearly opposite it, formerly the Parson Willard\\nhouse, and also Arsenal street, as the old arsenal stood on the\\nsouthwest corner of that and Elm street.\\nKilkenny Street. From North Main street to Wallace street.\\nLaid out and named in 1882.\\nCauseway Street. From Summer street, easterly. Limit in-\\ndefinite. Laid out and named in 1889.\\nBurnside Street. From Elm street to Prospect street. Laid\\nout and named in 1891 for D. A. Burnside.\\nFletcher Street. From Middle street to Bunker Hill street.\\nLaid out and named in 1894.\\nCENTENNIAL PARK.\\nOn July 14, 1864, at the close of the centennial celebration of", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "LOCALITIES, STREETS, PARKS, AND CEMETERIES. 323\\nthe settlement of Lancaster several liberal persons, former residents\\nof the town, subscribed a considerable sum of money to buy the\\nlands upon which some of those exercises took place as a public\\npark or common to commemorate the event. The persons sub-\\nscribing were\\nEdward D. Holton, Milwaukee, Wis., $50; Samuel White, $^q\\nGen. R. M. Richardson, Portland, Me., $25; Seth Greenleaf, $25;\\nCharles O. Baker, Portland, Me., $10; L. F. Moore, $50; C B\\nAllen, $10; J B. Brown, Portland, Me., $50; James H. White,\\nChicago, 111.. $25; John E. White, Chicago, 111., $25 L C Por-\\nter, St. Johnsbury, Vt., $10; C. W. Baker, St. Johnsbury, Vt $c\\nOssian Ray, $25 James Holton, Bangor, Me., $25.\\nThese donations were made on the expressed condition that the\\ntown should increase the amount sufficiently to purchase the plot\\nfrom Samuel Twombly.\\nu,^\\\\\\\\,fu meeting held November 8, 1864, it was voted\\nthat VVilham D. Weeks be a committee of the town to complete\\nthe purchase of the land, and take a deed of it for the town It\\nwas also voted to instruct the selectmen to procure the necessary\\namount of money upon the credit of the town to carry out the vote\\nof the town upon the adoption of the fourth article of the warrant\\nt\\\\ meeting it was voted to designate the plot as Centennial\\nPark, which name occurs in the deed, and in subsequent records of\\nthe town. At the annual town meeting, March 13, 1866 the\\nselectmen were instructed, by vote, to sell or exchange certain por-\\ntions of the land so as to improve the shape and size of the park\\nAn exchange was made with the Orthodox Congregational society,\\nmuch to the advantage of the park grounds.\\nAt that same meeting it was voted to instruct the selectmen to\\nlay out and ornament Centennial Park by fencing, grading and set-\\nting out trees. Samuel H. LeGro. James W. Weeks, and Charles\\nB. Allen were the selectmen. They appointed Henry O Kent to\\nsuperintend the work of laying out and grading the grounds, and\\nplanting trees. There were one hundred and nine trees set out at\\nthe first planting. Many of these trees were quite large and valuable\\nSome of them were presented to the town by gentlemen not at that\\ntime residents of Lancaster.\\nIn 1867, the selectmen were petitioned to lay out a street around\\nthe park but did not see fit to grant the petition, upon which\\nretusal the county commissioners were appealed to. They viewed\\nthe premises, and granted a road or street. This street reduces the\\nsize of the grounds, leaving no room outside it for decorative pur-\\nposes, and makes the lot seem smaller than it really is The street\\nhowever, was the least of the troubles, as boys and young men soon\\nproceeded to pull up, girdle, and otherwise destroy trees because", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "324 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthey interfered with ball games on the grounds. The town author-\\nities took no steps to put a stop to these desecrations, and the\\nwork of destruction went on until the effects of improvements were\\nalmost lost. But little interest was taken in this park for many-\\nyears, until it was fast becoming an eyesore and disgrace to the vil-\\nlage, when the question of trying to redeem and put it in decent\\ncondition again was agitated by several persons to the extent of\\ngetting it brought before the attention of the selectmen, and secur-\\ning their action in the matter of improvements in the summer and\\nfall of 1895. They graded down the land and seeded it; and in\\nthe spring of 1896, through the efforts of Miss Mary N. Brackett,\\nmoney enough was raised to purchase twenty trees, and forty others\\nwere contributed by various individuals, one of which was given by\\nthe Eastern Star, and seven by Mr. John Costello who superintended\\nthe setting. The children of the various rooms in the public school\\nhaving contributed money were allowed to plant trees as their own.\\nThe grounds having been laid out by the selectmen and places\\ndesignated for setting the trees, the schools were allowed a half hol-\\niday, April 24, to be observed as Arbor Day. They entered into\\nthe spirit of the occasion, and each department of the school set\\ntheir own trees with songs and recitations.\\nThe park now is in a fair way to become a place of beauty during\\nthe next few decades and public sentiment and taste for things\\nbeautiful will protect it against abuses. A suitable playground has\\nbeen purchased in the rear of the high school building by the town.\\nsoldiers park.\\nAfter the old meeting-house was moved down the sand hill in\\n1845, the lot upon which it had stood so many years became known\\nas Meeting-House common. For some years no care was taken of the\\ncommon, and sand was carted away as people felt inclined to do so,\\nby which it became uneven and unsightly. About 1884 steps were\\ntaken to put it into better shape as a public park and soon\\nafter, by common consent, the care of it was left to E. E. Cross\\npost of the G. A. R., and it has since gone by the name of Soldiers\\nPark in consequence of their planting memorial trees dedicated to\\nthe memory of soldiers from Lancaster who fell on the battle-\\nfields or have died since the war. The trees now growing there\\nwere all set out and dedicated with appropriate services, and marked\\nwith the names of those for whom they were intended as memorials.\\nThe care of the park was committed into the hands of a commit-\\ntee consisting of Henry O. Kent, Jared I. Williams, and Parker\\nJ. Noyes, past commanders, by the G. A. R. post. Under their\\ncare.it has become one of the most attractive spots in the village,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "Soldi KRs Park.\\nFormer Site Old Meeting-house.\\nCentennial Park and High School Blulding.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "LOCALITIES, STREETS, PARKS, AND CEMETERIES. 325\\nand every year adds to its beauty. William L. Rowell and S. H.\\nLeGro are entitled to the credit of arousing interest in this land, and\\npreserving it as a delightful park where it is hoped some day a sol-\\ndiers monument will be erected.\\nThis park is doubly dear to the people of Lancaster. For many\\nyears the old meeting-house drew to that hill all the people for\\nworship in times of peace, and for counsel in times of war, or on\\noccasions that demanded their deliberations on matters of state.\\nAt several times efforts have been made to locate the Lancaster\\nacademy, or public school buildings, on it; but such movements\\nhave always been voted down by decisive majorities.\\nThe following are the names of those soldiers for whom trees have\\nbeen planted\\nCol. Edward E. Cross, Edward B. Wilder, James S. Lucas, Cyrus\\nSavage, Simon Connary, John G. Lewis, Wm. H. Allen, Freedom\\nM. Rhodes, John W. Bucknam, Barnard Sweeney, Wm. H. Heath,\\nFrancis Heywood, Fred A. Wentworth, Joseph Hart, David LeGro,\\nAlden Lewis, John G. Lewis, 2d, Horatio O. Lewis, Thomas P.\\nMoody, W. M. Gushing, Albion E. Evans.\\nTHE OLD CEMETERY.\\nIt does not appear that any definite place of interment was set\\napart in Lancaster until in the spring of 1779, when at a town meet-\\ning held Feb. 12, it was voted that Maj. Jonas Wilder, Edwards\\nBucknam, Lieut. David Page, Lieut. Emmons Stockwell, Mr. Moses\\nPage, and Mr. Dennis Stanley, be a committee to pitch a burying\\nfield in some convenient place, in said town as soon as may be.\\nIt does not appear upon the records that this committee ever\\nmade a report. The next action on the part of the town, so far as\\nthe records show, was in 1799, when in making the warrant for the\\nannual town meeting article 9th read To see if the town will pur-\\nchase any lands easterly of the Meeting-House common for the\\npurpose of a burying ground instead of the ground now made use of\\nfor that purpose.\\nAt the meeting which occurred March 12, it was voted that the\\nselectmen lay out the grounds now occupied for a burying ground,\\nwhich was voted by the proprietors for the use of the town. That\\nevidently had reference to the old cemetery on the mound as it\\nexists to-day.\\nAt the annual town meeting of March 12, 1800, it was Voted to\\nraise forty dollars to be laid out on the burying ground in labor in\\nthe month of June next by order of a committee, at the same rates\\nan hour that the highway money is to be worked out, and if the\\nwork is not done when called for, the money of each delinquent is\\nto be collected.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "326 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nVoted Titus O. Brown, Jonathan Cram, Joseph Hinman, a com-\\nmittee to superintend the clearing of the burying ground.\\nThis committee took a deed of the land from Humphrey Cram in\\nthe name of the town, making the old cemetery the rightful property of\\nthe town and in it have been gathered to their final rest nearly all the\\nprominent men and women connected with the pioneer enterprises\\nof Lancaster. The deed of the cemetery was put on record in 1806,\\nand with many other valuable records was burnt in the court-house\\nfire in 1886. After the loss of the county records an authentic plan\\nor map of the cemetery, as designated by that deed, was put on\\nrecord about 1890, and calls for more land on the east side of the\\nplot than is now within the fence surrounding it.\\nFor nearly fifty years we do not meet with the old cemetery on\\nthe records of the town as receiving any attention at town meetings,\\nfrom which it is to be inferred that it had become the recognized\\nand satisfactory place of interment. About 1854, it had become ap-\\nparent that it was soon to become small, if not too small, for the needs\\nof the town. In that year the selectmen were instructed at the annual\\ntown meeting to have the grounds surveyed and fenced. It is to be\\ninferred from a subsequent action of the town that the selectmen dis-\\ncharged their duty in the premises. In 1856, the selectmen were\\ninstructed To fence and lay out the burying ground, and move the\\nfence back on to the line of the lands deeded by Humphrey Cram.\\nJames W. Weeks was appointed to lay out the grounds and make\\nsuch improvements as might be practicable. He did not move the\\nfence as it was ordered. He laid out the grounds with as much\\nsystem as previous interments would permit, and even caused some\\nremovals in order to make new lots, and built the avenues around\\nthe hill as they now are. He also set out the pine trees that now\\nadorn it, and tried some experiments in terracing with witch grass,\\nwhich have been reasonably successful. There appears to have\\nbeen no marking out of lots, or fixing bounds to individual rights\\nprior to the laying out of the grounds by James W. Weeks in 1856.\\nSome families had encroached upon others, so that many removals\\nhave been made to the new cemetery on Summer street.\\nThere is a tradition that either the original proprietors or Major\\nWilder had given this sand mound to the town for a cemetery at a\\nvery early date but just how that may have been we are unable to\\nascertain. By some means the meadow and house lots, twenty-\\nnine, fell into the possession of Humphrey Cram who held and\\nhad them recorded with no reservation. The records do not show\\nthat Humphrey Cram received any consideration for the land when\\nhe gave the town a quitclaim deed for it. The reasonable inference\\nis that he recognized the rightfulness of the town s claim upon it\\nand surrendered it.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "Old Cemetery.\\nf^ -i\\nlb a\\nHA. ..dHHailMflHI\\nt\\nii _\u00e2\u0080\u009e -1-\\nRiP^\\n-^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0iarz-: y\\ne^^R^^eWP^\\nr\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0~rr^-^ iSi\\ni#^kl. r rf\\nT\\n^^jM* a? \u00e2\u0080\u009e,ii js. T^m\\n.^y..a#*?^3p(i:..,^^^\\nSummek-Stkeet Cemeteky.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "LOCALITIES, STREETS, PARKS, AND CEMETERIES. 32/\\nThe mound was originally covered by a dense growth of pines,\\nthe stumps of which were utilized in fencing it in 1800. The\\nstumps were dug out and rolled down to the foot of the hill to form\\nthe fence. On the back end and side of the ground, a heavy stone\\nwall along Main Street from the entrance to the Gem House, now\\nthe site of the Unitarian church, existed from a very early date.\\nWhen a better fence was erected in 1856, it became necessary to\\nremove many of those old stumps which were still sound.\\nIn the early days burials were made at various places throughout\\nthe town. In school district No. 2, there were several graves a\\nshort distance south of the house of Sylvanus Chessman on the\\nBucknam farm. There Gen. Edwards Bucknam was buried. There\\nwere also burials near the Marden brook on the LeGro farm on the\\nJefferson road and elsewhere.\\nHuman bones were found many years ago on the James Rose-\\nbrook farm in school district No. 6, now owned by Cass and Hart-\\nford. Just who was interred there, and when, there is not even a\\ntradition. When the smallpox prevailed in Lancaster in 181 1,\\nseveral of those who died were buried on the farm now owned by\\nJames W. Weeks and son. Among that unfortunate number was\\nJonathan Cram.\\nTHE SUMMER STREET CEMETERY.\\nIn 1868 it had become evident that the old cemetery was inade-\\nquate to the requirements of the town, and steps were taken to\\nsecure lands and lay out a new one. There was no chance of\\nenlarging the original one on account of the character of the lands\\nadjoining it. So at the annual town meeting of that year the ques-\\ntion was discussed, and a committee, consisting of William D.Weeks,\\nRichard P. Kent, and Benjamin F. Hunking, was appointed, and\\ngiven authority to receive proposals and report at the November\\nmeeting of that year. This committee reported in favor of a plot of\\nland on the Holton farm on the bank of the Connecticut river just\\nsouth of the mouth of Indian brook. The report was recommitted.\\nThe selectmen were instructed to appoint a committee of five to\\nexamine into the matter of locating a cemetery. Their committee\\nconsisted of Henry O. Kent, Benjamin F. Whidden, William F.\\nSmith, and Emmons D. Stockwell.\\nA special meeting was called September 18, at which that com-\\nmittee reported in favor of the lands now occupied by the new cem-\\netery on Summer street. The report was unanimously adopted, and\\na committee of three appointed to take a deed of it in the name of\\nthe town, lay out, fence, and prepare it for use. The selectmen,\\nSamuel H. LeGro, James W. Weeks, and Charles B. Allen, appointed\\nas that committee Benjamin F. Whidden, Henry O. Kent, and Kim-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "328 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nball B. Fletcher. They qualified and went to work to carry out\\ntheir instructions. Mr. Fletcher soon resigned from the committee,\\nbut the other two members went on with the arduous task com-\\nmitted to their hands, and for twelve years, without compensation,\\nworked to bring the cemetery into the condition it now is. At the\\nannual meeting, March 8, i88i, this committee made its final report\\nand resigned a well-executed work into the care of other hands.\\nThe selectmen appointed W. E. Bullard, Geo. N. Kent, and Jared\\nI. Williams trustees to succeed the former committee in 1882. The\\ntrustees have added more land on the street, or entrance from Sum-\\nmer street, by which it is much improved. In 1885 the selectmen\\nappointed Charles A. Howe and Charles E. Mclntire trustees.\\nThere are many fine and costly monuments in this cemetery, and\\nevery year adds to its artistic and tasteful development.\\nHere many men and women prominent in the middle and later\\nperiods of the town s history have found their last resting-place, and\\nhither turn the minds and hearts of the living in fond recollection\\nof those near and dear to them, and conspicuous in the affairs of the\\ntown, state, and nation.\\nCATHOLIC CEMETERIES.\\nIn the year 1869 lands were purchased on Spring street for a\\nCatholic cemetery by the Rev. Fr. Noisseaux, and laid out and\\nblessed by him the same year. This cemetery having become too\\nsmall to much longer accommodate the wants of that large church,\\nthe Rev. Fr. Creamer, in 1895, bought land on North Main street\\nfor a new cemetery, which has been laid out and consecrated\\na spacious and beautiful spot.\\nANOTHER TOWN CEMETERY.\\nThere is a cemetery in the southwestern part of the town, in old\\nschool district No. 10, not far from Clark s Mills, which has its\\nsexton annually elected and which is the spot of many interments.\\nCHAPTER III.\\nMATERIAL GROWTH OF THE TOWN.\\nEarly Statistics Prices Old Houses Business Directories of the\\nTown in 1828, 1856, and 1875, ^s Kept by the Late R. P. Kent\\nIN HIS Diary Business Directory in 1896.\\nThe first census of the town was taken by Capt. Edwards Buck-\\nnam on September 22, 1775, and undoubtedly was by order of his", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "MATERIAL GROWTH OF THE TOWN. 329\\nmilitary superiors for the purpose of determining the available men\\nfor the army of the Revolution. I give it in his own words\\nNo of all souls in Lancaster, Sept. 22, 1775\\nMales under 16 years, 17. Males from 16 to 50, not in the army, 15. Males\\nabove 50, gone in the army, 2. Females, 27. Negroes and slaves for life, none.\\nTotal, 61. Eight guns iit for use. Seven guns wanted, and 11 pounds powder.\\nE. Bucknam, Selectman.\\nThis census shows the growth of the town during the first eleven\\nyears. In eight years from that time the selectmen, Edwards Buck-\\nnam, Jonas Wilder, and Emmons Stockwell, took another census\\nwhich showed a white population of only 64. There were then\\neight framed dwelling-houses, two of which the Holton house and\\nthe L of the old Stockwell house are still standing. There were\\nof barns and other buildings, five. The number of acres of land\\nwas 23,040.\\nIn 1790 the population had increased to 161, although there were\\nonly ten houses in town in 1798. In 1799 there were 91 voters.\\nThis was largely due to migrations of young men, the names of\\nmany of which attract attention in the various records of the times.\\nIn 1800 the population had run up to 440. The increase of\\nhouses did not keep pace with this growth, for there were only fif-\\nteen houses in the village in 1804. This, of course, was due to\\nthe fact that at that time the town was strictly an agricultural com-\\nmunity. There was but little inducement to develop a village when\\nevery one was busy clearing land and cultivating it. At this time,\\nhowever, a new era dawned upon the town, and the tide of life set\\ntoward the village more than ever before. In 1803 the Upper\\nCoos Country was made into the county of Coos, with Lancaster\\nas a shire town, the act to take effect January i, 1805. Here the\\ncourts were to sit in the future. There was now a rapid growth of\\npopulation, so that at the end of 18 10 there were in town as many\\nas 717 people. Many new industries had sprung up during those\\nyears of rapid growth. The War of 181 2 drew a large number of\\nmen away from town about 50. This had the effect to retard the\\ngrowth of population and industries for some years. In 1820 the\\npopulation was only 644. There were then four stores, three phy-\\nsicians, three lawyers, five justices of the peace, one minister, eight\\nschool districts, with four schoolhouses, two hotels, two gristmills\\nand two sawmills, and two carding-mills, where cloth was fulled and\\ndressed.\\nDuring the next ten years, from 1820 to 1830, the population\\ngrew rapidly again, so that at the latter date it reached i ,i87.\\nSince then the growth has been normal and steady. In 1840 the\\npopulation was 1,360; in 1850 it had reached 1,559; and in i860\\nthere were living in town 2,020 souls. The Civil War made a", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "330 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nheavy drain upon the town. It sent many men into the service, but\\nby 1870 the population had risen to 2,248. The census of 1880\\nshows a population of 2,721. During the last fifteen years the pop-\\nulation has nearly doubled, due to rapid immigration and railroad\\nconstruction. The census of 1890 gives the population as 3,373.\\nPRICES.\\nI have been able to learn the prices paid for many articles of bar-\\nter and commerce during the early years of the town, and think it\\nof interest to the present and future generations to give them as\\nshowing that pioneer life subsisted on things that came high.\\nGen. Edwards Bucknam kept some articles for barter, and from\\nhis papers still in existence I glean some prices as follows\\n1774, Calico, $1.00, per yard. 1779, i Pr. Leather Breeches, $7.50. i Doz.\\nButtons, 3 shillings, {.75 cts). i Beaver hat, $10.50, or 7 bushels of wheat.\\n1781, Leather for a Pr. of Breeches, $4.50. 1897, i Pr. Spectacles sold to Capt.\\nJohn Weeks, .30 cts.\\nThese prices were in the silver currency of Great Britain and the\\nUnited States, both of which were in circulation here at that time.\\nFrom the ledger of Stephen Wilson, who kept a store in the old\\nWilson Tavern at the north end of Main street from 1799 to 1803,\\nI take the following prices, comprising his charges to customers,\\nand credits given to them for commodities taken in exchange for\\ngoods\\n1799. Salt, $3.60, bu. cow, $14 India Cloth, 62 1-2 cts. yd. Serge $3.50\\nyd. Forest Cloth $2.59 yd. Shawl $1.25 Calico 62 1-2 cts. yd. Silk Handker-\\nchief $1 .67 Needles 12 cts. doz.; Baize 35 cts. yd.; Breeches cloth $1.50 yd.;\\nRaisins 20 cts. lb. Pearlash 83 cts. lb.; Ashes 12 1-2 cts. bu.; Onions $1. Hay\\n$6, pr Ton.\\n1800. Pigeons 12 1-2 cts. doz. Flax seed 83 cts. bu. Turnips 25 cts. bu.\\nMalt $1 .33, bu. Apples 14 cts. bu. Pumpkins 2 cts. apiece Beef 5 i -2 cts. lb.\\nTurkeys 53 1-2 cts, each; Ribbon 12 1-2 cts. yd.; Fish 7 cts. lb. Cambric $2.12\\n1-2 yd.; Nails .66 cts. per 100; Gloves 50 cts. per Pr. Rum $2. gal.; Calico\\n57 cts. yd. Potatoes 33 1-3 bu. Corn 66 2-3 bu. Oats 25 cts. bu. Pork 6 2-3\\ncts. lb.; Spirits Turpentine 18 cts. pt.; Spanish Brown 85 cts. lb. Sole Leather\\n30 cts. lb.; Calico 84 cts. yd. Coftee 50 cts. lb. i qt. Pitcher 59 cts. i Pt.\\nTumbler 20 cts.; Putty 14 cts. lb.; Brandy 25 cts. Pt. Beans 50 cts. bu. 5\\nKnives and forks $1 Molasses $1.16 2-3 gal. Wine 50 cts. Pt. Wheat $1 bu.\\nButter 33 cts. lb. 6 Plates .67 cts. Glauber salts 33 cts. lb, Cotton wool 50\\ncts. lb. Ginsing 20 cts. lb. Flannel 75 cts. yd.; Cheese 9 cts. lb. Flax 25 cts.\\nlb. Tea 65 cts. lb. Tobacco (leaf) 20 cts. lb. Tallow 16 cts. lb. Rice 7 1-2\\ncts. lb. Lemons $1.25 doz.\\n1 80 1. Cabbage 4 cts. per head; Butter 12 1-2 cts. lb. Axes 67 cts. Calico\\n83 cts. yd.; Turkey $1.30 Wood 75 cts. cord; Wages 60 cts. per day Veal\\n9 cts. lb. Oxen $25 a head; Barley $1 bu. Cotton Cambric $1.20 yd. Scythe\\n$1.33; Psalm Book 62 cts. Jack Knife 50 cts. Salt $3 bu.\\n1802. Apples $1 bu.; Baskets 50 cts. Mink Skin 65 cts.; Wheat $1.25 bu.;\\nMaple Sugar 16 2-3 cts. lb. Geese Feathers 62 1-2 cts lb. Loaf Sugar 33 1-3\\ncts. lb.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "MATERIAL GROWTH OF THE TOWN. 33 1\\nThe following prices are taken from the day-book of Asahel\\n^Z%:u^v and also nan-\\naged the fuIIing-mill a portion of that time\\nGincrerSi r^ h w T u r ^7 cts. Bombazette 50 cts. yd\\njinger \u00c2\u00bbi.i2 lb. Hankerchiefs ^4 cts.- Fo-p-c ir rtc H\u00c2\u00ab, Axr\\ncts. quire; 6 qt. Pail 75 cts Suaar ^o r Ih r.^.. ^^P^ ^5\\ncts a roll- Zl u h, 5 Pv^^ i Room Paper) 7,\\nc.s?lb co\u00c2\u00abl Y am Jc.i ?b w v l -5o; Yarn 78\\n5 c.. f^b7\u00c2\u00ab si.eT;;f:?o? Gei:; rc.; r.^.\\nton Co.h So \u00c2\u00b0Ss\u00e2\u0084\u00a2vd Chim;,^f-,i i ladies Shoes Co.-\\nNa.s ,e ..I c.s ^,b.f BH^iTpSt f^o z^^- j v i,.Tr..*.v,=d\\nm2 Z^^.T- f y b^ te ^^ids, and\\nhro ,r. P\u00e2\u0084\u00a2duction in manufactured commodities\\nbe observed that hl j-- -ho -ale markets. It vi i\\nDe oDserved that home products were quite cheap, while all articles\\nzi 7eikrz:: i:i\\\\ p^^^- -counted fot;\\nrn^h freight rates. It took a team twelve to fifteen davs to m!,Z\\noiDetter roads the same trip could be made in ten davs Fven\\nhe teThis wa P P-^ Port nd^^ d\\nthe rate this way was no less. After manv years prices ran down\\n.830 t^oTdforT the wheat crop\\n.a^e;^:iV:;^i! r, l3--;\u00e2\u0084\u00a2idere^\\nde-d in eTr^^caVer.\\nPri\u00e2\u0084\u00a2rhon Z \u00c2\u00b0/l^\u00c2\u00b0 -d d washing, in\\nprivaehou.es, at $1.50 per week. At tliat time R. P Kent and\\n^^Et \u00c2\u00b0s? e t ITI^ %r g Sampsoi; store\\nin urance The h^* f ^-nd no\\nSystem of h .5 ^ha- was done chiefly on a\\nsystem of barter and credit. Notes of hand due bills Lh\\norders, from a creditor upon his debtors, were a common in the\\nVery mtl nZT ^ank checks are t^^day\\nvery nttJe money was in use in trade.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "332 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe near approach and final coming through Lancaster of the\\nrailroads worked a greater change in trade than anything else in the\\nhistory of the town. Now the conditions of commercial life are the\\nsame here as elsewhere. The merchant of Lancaster to-day, like\\nthose of all other communities, attends to his business and awaits\\nthe coming of the traveling representatives of the manufacturers\\nand wholesale dealers with their samples to select his stock of goods,\\nor uses the mails to give his orders, which are filled with dispatch.\\nThe prices of some farm products have declined since the rail-\\nroads have brought the Lancaster farmer into competition with the\\nWest, while other products like hay, eggs, butter, potatoes, have\\nincreased, the mountain houses making an excellent market for the\\nfarm products of the town and region.\\nSOME OLD HOUSES.\\nWith an abundance of the finest timber that ever grew, and the\\nearly erection of sawmills, the most prosperous settlers of the town\\nwere soon tempted to build frame houses. In 1783, within nineteen\\nyears of the coming of the first families to town, there were eight frame\\nhouses. The log cabins have been so long given up for commodi-\\nous frame structures that the town has in it to-day many very old\\nhouses in a good state of preservation. The first frame building\\nerected in town was what is now the L to the house on the old\\nStockwell farm as elsewhere stated. Just at what date it was built is\\nnot exactly known, but the tradition is well accepted that it is the\\no\\\\dcsty?-ame structure standing in Lancaster.\\nT/ie old Wilde?- House, now better known as the Holton House,\\nwas the first two-story house in town. Maj. Jonas Wilder was a\\nman of considerable wealth, and a large family. He began this\\nwork on the noted Dark Day, May 19, 1780, which has fixed\\nthe exact date of this old landmark. The darkness was so great\\nthat workmen, who were engaged in excavating for the cellar,\\nwere compelled to stop. Filled with terror, as they must have been,\\nthey possibly thought the end of time was upon them. But as\\nkindly nature resumed the even order of things, work went on and\\non July 26, 1780, the frame was raised. Just how soon the house\\nwas completed we do not know. All the work was done by hand.\\nThe boards were planed by hand tools; the nails wrought upon the\\nblacksmith s anvil. Such nails were costly at that time. In 1767\\nthey cost, at wholesale, 70 cents per 100. In 1801 they were sold\\nfor 16 2-3 cents per pound. For many years Major Wilder s house\\nwas used as an inn, and also as a place of holding religious meet-\\nings before the town built a meeting-house.\\nThe Ev\u00e2\u0082\u00ac7-ett House. In 1793 Richard Everett came to Lancaster\\nto settle in the practice of law. He had already been here, but", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "Emmons Stockwell House.\\nEll, 1768; Front about 1780.\\nBrackett Homestead.\\nEll in 1794.\\nBlacksmith Shop.\\nFoot Sand Hill.\\n(Stage wagon found mounted on roof.)", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "HoLTON House, 1780\\nEdward Spaulding Farm on Stebbins Hif.l.\\nOne of the First Clearings in Town.\\nSugar Party at E. S. P reeman s.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "MATERIAL GROWTH OF THE TOWN. 333\\nhad gone to college and aftenvard studied law. Having been\\nengaged to one of Major Wilder s daughters he determined to make\\nLancaster his home. He was married in 1793; and, as near as\\ncan be learned, built his house where is now the corner of Main\\nand High streets the following year, where he lived until his death\\nMarch 22, 181 5.\\nOn his return from the term of court held at Haverhill in 1803,\\nat which time it was made known that there would be held in 1805\\nthe first term in the new county of Coos, at Lancaster, Mr. Everett\\nset about the task of enlarging this house to accommodate the three\\njudges who were to hold that court. He built an addition, which\\ncomprises the two north rooms. Tradition makes these rooms\\nthe lodging-place of many notable judges and lawyers, among whom\\nwere Daniel Webster, Levi Woodbury, Ichabod Bartlett, and Josiah\\nBell.\\nThe Rosebrook House. The old square, flat-roofed house on\\nNorth Main street, owned by John S. Ingerson, was probably the\\nsecond, and not later than third, two-story frame house built in town.\\nIt was built by Charles Rosebrook; but at just what date cannot\\nnow be learned with any degree of certainty. Among the other\\nvery old houses are the Joyslin house on Middle street, where Dr.\\nFrank Spooner lived the Baker house, on Elm street; the ell of the\\nBrackett house, on the South Lancaster road the Weeks house,\\non Mt. Prospect farm the Hunnex house on North Main street.\\nAll these are very old and beside them there are many others\\nnearly as old.\\nRichard P. Kenfs Statistics, and Directories of Lancaster\\nThe late Richard P. Kent, who was a very methodical man in all\\nmatters, has left us in his diaries, and personal memoranda, several\\nvery complete directories of the business concerns of the town from\\n1825, when he came to Lancaster, down to nearly the time of his\\ndeath. From these we are able to show the condition of business\\nenterprises at various intervals, from which the reader may easily\\ndraw comparisons between the Lancaster of from sixty to twenty\\nyears ago and to-day. We give these statistics and directories in\\nhis own language, as copied from his diaries.\\nSTATISTICS AND DIRECTORY OF THE VILLAGE IN 1828.\\nLancaster Academy organized.\\nTaverns. Wilson s, at north end of Main street, stage tavern,\\nFrancis Wilson, proprietor Wilder s tavern (Holton House); Coos\\nHotel, Ephraim Cross, proprietor; American House.\\nStores. Guy William Cargill, at North End, R. P. Kent Co.,\\nat South End.\\nPost-office. Kept by S. A. Pearson, in his law ofhce (in the old\\nbuilding known as the Fletcher house, on Main street).", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "334 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nMills. Two grist-mills, Wesson Mill and Stockwell Mill; two\\nsawmills adjoining the grist-mills, as above.\\nClothing Works. John S. Haines had a cloth-mill at the lower\\ndam, and A. Going, one on Canal street (where N. H. Richard-\\nson s shop stands).\\nTannery. Burnside s (on Elm street, where the creamery now\\nstands).\\nFurniture Factory. Francis Bingham (on Elm street, west\\nof where the Burnside House now stands).\\nTailor. George W. Perkins.\\nBlacksmiths. Harvey Adams, Warren Porter.\\nDwelling Houses. The Going house, standing at foot of Baker\\nHill. Later was moved by Stephen Hadley to the corner of Main\\nand North Main streets, and occupied by Stephen Wilson. It is\\nnow known as the Lindsey house.\\nThe Rosebrook and Hunnex houses on North Main street.\\nPearson s house, in which his law of^ce and the post-ofifice were\\nkept.\\nThe Boardman house, on Main street, just across the Boston\\nMaine Railroad, and now occupied by Ethan Crawford. This house\\nwas built by Benjamin Boardman, who kept a store at one time in\\nthe northeast corner room.\\nThe Deacon Farrar house, now the priest s house at the Catholic\\nchurch (1859).\\nThe Everett house, better known as the Cross house (on the\\ncorner of Main and High streets).\\nA one-story house on Main street (opposite Lancaster House),\\nburnt in 1840. (Turner Stephenson s.)\\nDr. Stickney s house.\\nReuben Stephenson s house, on corner of Main and Middle streets\\n(now next east of Cross house on High street.)\\nThe mill house, belonging to the Stockwell Mills, on Middle street,\\nnear where William Clough s dwelling-house stands, and occupied\\nby David Greenleaf, the miller.\\nThe old mill house, corner of Middle and Main streets, near\\nwhere the Lancaster National Bank building stands.\\nThe old Wesson House (on Middle street). Maine Central\\ntracks run through site of cellar.\\nSTATISTICS AND DIRECTORY OF THE VILLAGE FOR 1856.\\nPOPULATION OF THE VILLAGE ABOUT 7OO.\\nPublic Buildings. Court-house of brick jail an old and poor\\nbuilding; county building for offices, on Middle street, where Frank\\nSmith Co. s store now is; academy; three churches, Congrega-\\ntional, Unitarian, Methodist; two schoolhouses, Nos. i and 12.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "1^\\\\ i-;rett JrloMKSTEAD (Col. Cross Place), 1844: j;lilt 1794.\\nEverett Homestead (Mr.s. 1 F. Ciiasi, 1899.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "MATERIAL GROWTH OF THE TOWN. 335\\nWheehvrights. A. J. Marshall, large shop, with steam power,\\nemploys from fifteen to twenty men in the manufacture of wagons,\\nbuggies, sleighs, carts, bedsteads, furniture. Keeps shop for iron-\\ning, painting, and trimming carriages and sleighs.\\nHarvey Adams has a large shop wath water-power (where the\\nMonnahan blacksmith shop stands just above lower bridge) for the\\nmanufacture of carriages and sleighs. Employs about half as many\\nmen as Marshall.\\nSaddlers and Harnessmakers. Allen Smith and Horace Whit-\\ncomb.\\nWatchmaker and Jeiveler. C. B. Allen, new shop and large\\nstock of goods (where Syndicate block now is.)\\nShoemakers. Orange Smith, Vernon Smith, Heber Blanchard,\\nAlfred Greenleaf, Willard Jackson.\\nFoundry. Owned and carried on by S. W. M. Rines. Man-\\nufactures plows, cultivators, stoves, and mill-gearing.\\nHouse Carpenters. N. B. Wilson, Zebulon Black, William Row-\\nell, Lyman Rowell, William S. Clark, William C. Fiske, Henry Wil-\\nliams, Rufus Hodgson, William Boswell, Chester Stebbins, David\\nYoung, Edward Melcher.\\nTailors. Robert Sawyer, T. S. Underwood, cutter and foreman\\nin employment of D. A. Burnside.\\nBricklayers and Masons. Jacob Hamlin and Charles Baker.\\nGtins7niths. Thomas Morse and Daniel T. Johnson.\\nDagiierrean Artist. F. White.\\nPatent Horse-rake Factory. By Fenner M. Rhodes.\\nBlacksmiths. Warren Porter, S. R. Geo. Willey, O. W. Bemis,\\nand shops in connection with the wheelwright manufacturies.\\nGravestone Makers. H. J. Rounds Co.\\nPrinting Offices. Bowe Allison, publish the Coos Refublican^\\na weekly paper. J. I. Williams publishes the Cods Democrat.\\nStores. (Dry goods, groceries, and hardware.) R. P. Kent,\\nMoore Wentworth, R. L. Adams Co., D. A. Burnside, In-\\ncrease Robinson, and Royal Joyslin.\\nBook and Drug store. Dr. John W. Barney.\\nMilliners. Mary Smith and E. A. Everett.\\nTown Agent for the sale of Liquors. Robert Sawyer.\\nGroceries. Frank Smith and Abel H. Wesson. (These were\\nrather restaurants than groceries as is understood by the term to-\\nday. Ed.)\\nTaverns. The American House, kept by Frederick Fiske the\\nCoos Hotel, kept by D. G. Smith.\\nLawyers. Jacob Benton, Ossian Ray, William Heywood, S. W.\\nCooper, Turner Stephenson, J. W. Williams, G. C. Williams, J. I.\\nWilliams, George A. Cossitt, Hiram A. Fletcher.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "336 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nPhysicians. Jacob E. Stickney, John W. Barney, J. D. Folsom,\\nFreedom Dinsmore, Benjamin Hunking, and E. Lyman.\\nClergymen. George M. Rice, Unitarian; Prescott Fay, Congre-\\ngationalist; James Adams, Methodist.\\nBank. The White Mountain Bank, capital $50,000; G. C. Wil-\\nhams, cashier; J. B. Sumner, president.\\nGrist-mill. Owned by John Dewey, newly fitted up, and one of\\nthe best in the state.\\nSawmills. One owned by S. W. M. Rines, with upright saw;\\none by O. E. Freeman, with circular saw, in the building formerly\\noccupied for cloth-dressing and carding (at the south end of the\\ndam).\\nTow7i Hall. Occupying the second story of the building used\\nby Royal Joyslin for his store (being the old meeting-house).\\nOdd Fellows and, later, Masonic Hall. In the attic over town\\nhall.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Know Nothing s Hall. A hall in the Burnside store, fur-\\nnished for the Know Nothings, but now used for a variety of pur-\\nposes.\\nKent s Hall. A small hall in the chamber of my store has\\nbeen used by Sons of Temperance, Masons, brass band, singing-\\nschools, and other things.\\nSTATISTICS OF LANCASTER, 1875.\\nChurches. Congregational, Charles E. Harrington, pastor;\\nMethodist Episcopal, James Noyes, pastor; Baptist, no minister;\\nUnitarian, no minister; Catholic, Isadore H. Noiseaux, priest;\\nEpiscopal, J. B. Goodrich, rector.\\nPhysicians. Mark R. Woodbury, Frank Bugbee, Ezra Mitchell,\\nNath. H. Scott, allopathists Dan Lee Jones, homeopathist.\\nLawyers. Burns Heywood (Wm. Burns, Henry Heywood),\\nRay, Drew Heywood (Ossian Ray, Irving W. Drew, and Wm.\\nHeywood), Fletcher Fletcher (Hiram A. Fletcher, Everett\\nFletcher), Daniel C. Pinkham, John G. Crawford, Jacob Benton,\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, George A. Cossitt (not in practice), William\\nS. Ladd (now a judge, and out of practice).\\nStores. Richard P. Kent Son (Richard P. Kent, Edward R.\\nKent), general variety store James A. Smith, general variety store\\nPorter Brothers (Henry H. Porter, Horace R. Porter), general\\nvariety store; Rowell Rhodes (James M. Rowell, Wm. H.\\nRhodes), general variety store; Orrin Tubbs Son (Orrin Tubbs,\\nGeorge Tubbs), general variety store; Kent Griswold (Nelson\\nKent, Charles L. Griswold), dry goods; Samuel G. Evans, general\\nvariety store Cleaveland Powers (Chas. A. Cleaveland, Jonas\\nPowers), groceries and crockery; Richard W. Bailey, groceries", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "^MATERIAL GROWTH OF THE TOWN. 337\\nWalter S. Bailey, oyster saloon Albion G. Evans, groceries\\nEmmon S. Smith, nuts, fruits, and oysters; William Shannon, gro-\\nceries; David S. Smith, groceries; Charles A, Nutter, fruits, nuts,\\nand oysters; Frank Smith Co. (Frank Smith, A. M. Bullard),\\ngrain and flour; Erastus V. Cobleigh Co. (Erastus V. Cobleigh,\\nRichard P. Kent), stoves and castings, tinware, house furnishings,\\nand tin shop; Mrs. Rhodes, millinery goods; Mrs. N. Sparks, mil-\\nlinery; Parker J. Noyes, drugs, medicines, books, and stationery\\nVernon E. Smith Co. (Vernon E. Smith, D. C. Pinkham), boots\\nand shoes Nathaniel G. Stickney, boots and shoes Thomas S.\\nUnderwood, merchant taillor; Edward Savage, drugs, medicines,\\nbooks, and stationery.\\nInsiirance. Henry O. Kent, agent, Coos Mutual, and many\\nstock companies.\\nCoos County Savings Bank. Henry O. Kent, treasurer.\\nJewelers. Clrarles E. Allen, George A. Martin.\\nFurniture. N. H. Richardson.\\nHotels. Lancaster House, B. H. Corning, proprietor; American\\nHouse, Francis Richardson, proprietor; Dew Drop Inn, Bernice\\nStuart, proprietor.\\nHouse Painters. Dooley Blair (Fred Dooley, George W.\\nBlair), Edward Stuart.\\nLandscape Painter. Edward Hill.\\nCarriage Factory. A. J. Marshall, manufacturer of carriages,\\nsleighs, furniture, painting, and blacksmithing.\\nIron Foundry. Ellis Olcott (Thos. S. Ellis, Barzillai T.\\nOlcott).\\nMachine Shops. A. Thompson Co. (Alexander Thompson,\\nCharles. Bellows, Kimball B. Fletcher, Frank Twitchell).\\nHarness Shops. Horace Whitcomb Co. (Horace Whitcomb,\\nR. Baxter Whitcomb) Charles Howe, Enoch L. Colby Son\\n(Enoch L. Colby, Charles F. Colby).\\nSash, Blinds, and Boors. Smith Burns (Frank B. Smithy\\nCharles E. Burns).\\nMarble Shop. Johnson C. Hunter.\\nBagucrrean Artist. Erdix T. Wilson.\\nBlacksmiths. Riley Hosmer, Mathew Monahan, Jas. McCarten.\\nBricklayers and Plasterers. Henry C. Forbush, Jacob Hamlin.\\nSoap Boiler. William Bonett.\\nShoemakers. Shepard Knight, Josiah Payne.\\nHouse Carpenters. Peter N. Shores, William L. Rowell, David\\nYoung, Joseph C. Reed, Joseph L. Nutter, Edward Melcher, Hollis\\nJordan, Ephraim Smith, Charles Smith, J. A. Stebbins, David\\nGoodall, Alonzo Stillings, Benjamin F. Leonard, George S. Wolcott,\\nJohn H. Smith, Frank B. Smith.\\n22", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "338 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nNcws^a^ers. Coos Republican, owned by an association;\\nTndepetident Gazette, Geo. H. Emerson, editor and proprietor.\\nTannery. A. J. Congdon, not in operation at present.\\nLancaster Manufacturing Co. Henry O. Kent, treasurer;\\nJohn S. Koster, manufacturing agent manufactures straw and\\nmanila wrapping paper.\\nMilk Dealers. John H. Hopkinson, John W. Savage.\\njFile Cutters. Moody Cave (George Moody, George E. Cave).\\nWe give below a directory of the business enterprises of the town\\nto-day. This shows the natural growth of more than a century and\\na quarter, of the enterprise of the town. Many business establish-\\nments have existed under conditions that have passed away, giving\\nplace to those born of the inevitable changes that are characteristic\\nof the life of every community, and the country at large.\\nDIRECTORY OF LANCASTER, 1 896.\\nMerchants. R. P. Kent Son. Edward R. Kent, surviving\\npartner; Blood Marshall; Bailey Brothers; Kent Roberts.\\nGroceries. J. L. Bass; Howe Brothers; Clough Sawyer; R,\\nP. Kent Son Frank Smith Co. W. E. Ingerson Co.\\nNourse Brothers.\\nHardware. L. F. Moore Frank Smith Co. Kier McCaf-\\nfery.\\nDrug Stores. P. J. Noyes Manufacturing Co. Fred C. Colby;\\nG. W. Carpenter.\\nCandy and Friiit Stores. F. S. Linscott; S. N. Evans; J. R.\\nFlanders.\\nBoot and Shoe Stores. E. E. Smith Co.; I. W. Quimby;\\nGeo. V. Moulton.\\nShoetnakers. Vernon Smith, T. Cunningham.\\nIlarnessmaker. Charles Howe.\\nJezvelers. W. I. Hatch Whitcomb Brothers.\\nMilliners. Mrs. S. G. Evans; Cook Stoughton Ella M.\\nTwombley.\\nFurniture Stores. Richardson Porter; Cummings Co.\\nVariety and Toy Stores. C. E. Kimball; Fred C. Colby.\\nBarbers. Charles Thompson; John Mclntire Fred Laforce.\\nBakers. Lancaster Bakery; Mrs. Alex. Thompson.\\nMeat Markets. Clough Sawyer; Frank Smith Co.; J. L.\\nBass; Chas. A. Hill.\\nBanks. Lancaster Savings Bank Lancaster National Bank\\nLancaster Trust Company Siwooganock Savings Bank.\\nTailors and Clothiers. T. S. Underwood Son Lane Cloth-\\ning Company; W. C. Sherburne; C. Dietrich.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "MATERIAL GROWTH OF THE TOWN. 339\\nLivery Stables. Murphy Brothers; J. E. McGraw G. M.\\nStickney; C. H. Gotham; Lancaster House Livery.\\nLaundries. Lancaster Steam Laundry; Leon Wah, Chinese\\nLaundry.\\nBicycles.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 \\\\i. N. Beach; W. L. Rowell.Jr. A. F. Rowell R. P.\\nKent Son.\\nLllectric Light Plant. Lancaster Electric Light Company.\\nTelephone and Telegraph. New England Telegraph and Tele-\\nphone Company Western Union Telegraph Company.\\nLaivyers. L W. Drew; C. B. Jordan; W. P. Buckley (firm of\\nDrew, Jordan Buckley) Fletcher Ladd Everett Fletcher (firm\\nof Ladd Fletcher) W. H. Shurtleff Edmund Sullivan (firm of\\nShurtleff Sullivan); Crawford D. Henning; Merrill Shurtleff;\\nJared L Williams; Henry O. Kent.\\n-Auctioneers. John T. Amey George M. Stevens.\\nPhysicians.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ezx2iM\\\\tc\\\\\\\\Q\\\\\\\\\\\\ W. H. Leith; E. F. Stockwell H.\\nB. Carpenter; D. L. Jones; Frank Spooner.\\nMinisters. G. H. Tilton, Congregationalist R. L. Danforth,\\nMethodist; Joseph Fames, Episcopal; M.J. B. Creamer, Catholic;\\nA. N. Somers, Unitarian.\\nCivil Engineers and Surveyors. J. L Williams; H. T.\\nOsborne.\\nBlacksmiths. J. M. Millette; James McCarten Hosmer\\nRyan.\\nMills and Sazumills. Frank Smith Co., grist-mill and sawmill\\nJames O. Stevens, grist-mill; Ethan A. Crawford, grist-mill; J.\\nM. Whipple, sawmill.\\nFactories. Thompson Manufacturing Company; Richardson\\nPorter, furniture manufactory; Frank Smith Co., doors, sash,\\nand blinds; P. J. Noyes Manufacturing Co., medicines; Hosmer\\nRyan, steel sleds Harry Jones, belt hooks Isreals River Creamery,\\nmanufacturers of butter.\\nMarble and Granite Works. A. G. Wilson Co., marble works\\nDiamond Granite Works, V. V. Whitney, proprietor.\\nInsurance Agents. Geo. M. Stevens Son Nourse Kent.\\nPrinting Offices and Newspapers. The Coos County Demo-\\ncrat, D. Bridge, editor and proprietor: The Lancaster Gazette,\\nAmos F. Rowell, editor and proprietor.\\nHotels. The Lancaster House, L. B. Whipp, proprietor; the\\nWilliams House, J. M. Hopkins, proprietor.\\nBoarding TIo2ises. The Village Boarding House, Mrs. J, H,\\nHeaney, proprietor; the Stewart House, Mrs. Call, proprietor;\\nGreen s Cottage, Frank Green, proprietor.\\nPainters. A. B. Meacham, sign, ornamental, and carriage\\npainter; Fred Dooley, carriage and house painter; F. E. Congdon,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "340 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nhouse painter and paper hanger; E. R. Stewart, house painter and\\npaper hanger George Gould, house painter and paper hanger.\\nCari iage Makers. George S. Norris S. W. Van Ness; Frank\\nPeabody.\\nContractors and Builders. John H. Smith Simons Connor\\nE. W. Wyman.\\nBricklayers and Plasterers. H. C. Forbush, Robert Dexter;\\nCharles Couture Barney McGinley.\\nStone Masons. W. C. Putnam; Peter Small; John and David\\nParks.\\nWool Carding:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. Hartford.\\nDressmakers. Mrs. Bishop; Mrs. A. D. Warren; Miss Mc-\\nKilHps.\\nPhotographers. D. E. Rowell A.J. Rosebrook.\\nArt Teachers. Mrs. I. W. Ouimby, teacher of oil and water\\ncolor painting; Miss Belle Whipple, teacher of art embroidery.\\nDray7nen. Thomas Sullivan; Charles L. Sedgell C. H. Inger-\\nson W.C.Sherwood; George Cummings.\\nHackmen. Thomas Howard Michael Conroy; Patrick Hurley.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nTHE DOMESTIC LIFE OF LANCASTER IN EARLY TIMES.\\nBy Hon. James W. Weeks.\\nFew persons who have not actually passed through it, can have\\nany idea of the changes which have taken place in the domestic life\\nof the town within the last sixty years.\\nThe town of Lancaster has never been behind other towns and\\ncities in New England in the matter of adopting new ideas whether\\nthey be for good or for ill. In some of the old and westerly towns\\nof Massachusetts the old, colonial type of domestic life prevailed\\nnot fifty years ago, while the newer ideas had taken strong hold\\nhere in Lancaster. The domestic life in Lancaster remained almost\\nwithout change for the first seventy years of its settlement. There\\nwere the same industries the large families, nearly independent of\\nthe outside w^orld the abundance of all the necessaries of life the\\nabsence of foreign business the same absence and almost igno-\\nrance of wealth. The town was a sort of little republic, almost\\nindependent, and with all the elements of prosperity within its own\\nlimits. The tanner tanned the hides and sent finished leather to\\nBoston the hatter sheared the lambs and made the hats for the\\npeople, and sent felts (shapes for hats) to market; the clothier\\ncarded the wool and dressed the cloth woven by the women in their", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "THE DOMESTIC LIFE OF LANCASTER. 34I\\nhomes the blacksmith not only shod the horses and oxen, but\\nmade all manner of things composed of wrought iron except scythes\\nand shovels the shoemaker had a place in every family sometime\\nduring the year when he made the shoes. Every farmer had a\\nflock of sheep, and he also raised flax. Both the wool and flax\\nwere worked up in the homes of the people by hand methods.\\nA. N. Brackett, Esq., said, in an address before the Agricultural\\nsociety in 1822, that At least two thirds of all the cloth used in\\nLancaster was of home manufacture. Large a,mounts of both\\nwoolen and linen cloths were exchanged at the stores for such\\ngoods as could not be manufactured in the homes of the people.*\\nIf the pioneers of Lancaster clung to their log cabins after the\\nbuilding of sawmills it was only for a brief period, for they had the\\nchoicest of timber in great abundance. f Not only in Lancaster,\\nbut throughout the Connecticut River valley, the house was but one\\nstory, but of ample proportions on the ground plan. At least one\\nfourth was occupied by the kitchen, out of which opened a buttery\\nand stairway. Overhead the beams were bare, from which hung\\nnumerous hooks. Upon these rested three or four poles, called\\nclothes-poles, and all manner of things found a place upon them.\\nUsually the kitchen was a large room of perhaps fifteen by twenty-\\nfour feet, with a door opening directly out into the weather. There\\nwas an immense fireplace of seven or eight feet wide and three feet\\ndeep. To this fireplace a hardwood log was brought, sometimes\\ndrawn on a hand sled. This log was between three and four feet\\nlong, and often twenty inches in diameter. The coals of the previ-\\nous day s backlog, as it was called, were drawn forward, and this\\nnew backlog rolled into place against the brick or stone back of\\nthe fireplace. A long-handled shovel and a pair of tongs were\\ncalled into use by the operation of replenishing the fire in this man-\\nner. On the backlog another log, as large as would lay there, was\\nplaced. This one was called the back-stick. The fire dogs were\\nthen set up against these, and another large stick called the fore-\\nstick laid upon them, and the brands and coals were filled in along\\nwith small wood when the fire was fixed. From that burning mass\\na glow of heat reached every corner of the room. A crane suffi-\\nciently strong to hold a five-pail kettle full of water was hung to the\\nleft jamb. On this was a trammel, with hooks which could be\\ntaken up or let down as occasion demanded, and also another hook\\non which pots and kettles were hung in cooking. A capacious\\nbrick oven was built on one side of the fireplace. This oven was\\nI liave before me the ledger of Gen. John Wilson, who kept a store at the north end of Main\\nstreet for the years 1799 and 1800, in which I find inany credits to his customers who ran accounts\\nfor flax, and woolen yarns, linen and woolen cloths. Ed.\\nt The selectmen took a census of the town in 1783, and report eight frame houses and five barns\\nand other buildings. Three of those buildings remain standing to-day. Ed.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "342 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nheated once a week when the family baking was done. These com-\\nprised the outfit for heating and baking and cooking in the old-time\\nkitchen.\\nThere were a dozen strong-framed kitchen chairs, with seats\\nwoven of elm bark or of basket stuff of some kind a long, move-\\nable, pine table, capable of seating ten or a dozen persons, while\\nturned down against the wall was a smaller table, supported by a\\nbrace when in use, upon which the bread was kneaded. The fam-\\nily, without distinction, except the small children who had bread\\nand milk morning and night, took their meals at the long table in\\nthe kitchen. At the midday meal (dinner), all the children who\\nwere large enough to sit at the table ate their meals with their\\nparents.\\nA word about the cooking utensils There was the large dinner\\npot, in which pieces of beef or pork, with the berry or suet\\npudding, was boiled. The bean or pea porridge was made in this\\nsame pot. There was a broad, flat-bottomed kettle in use for frying\\ndoughnuts and baking pancakes, and in which potatoes were also\\nboiled. Then there w^as another one known as the dish kettle.\\nNext in importance was the gridiron and long-handled frying-pan in\\nwhich to fry meats or griddle cakes. The Dutch oven held its\\nplace for a long time, but was finally superseded by the tin baker.\\nThis oven was a broad, flat-bottomed kettle, with long legs and an\\niron lid or cover with a rim turned up about an inch and a half high\\naround it. This lid had a ring in the middle by which it was\\nhandled with tongs. In using this oven a bed of coals was drawn\\nforward and the oven set in them. The bread or biscuit were placed\\nin the oven, the lid was placed in position, and then a few shovels-\\nful of burning coals were placed on top of it. It baked in a man-\\nner not surpassed by any modern ovens. Potatoes were roasted,\\nnot baked, in the ashes, and the Christmas goose was roasted by\\nsuspending it before the fire on the kitchen hearth, being often\\nbasted from the dripping-pan by means of a long-handled spoon.\\nIn the old kitchens, when not in use for work-rooms, or for din-\\ning purposes, the boys would gather in the evening to play their\\ntricks and pranks, many of which often tended wonderfully to\\ndevelop their youthful muscles. If the games were not conducted\\non scientific principles they surely were not effeminate. Occasion-\\nally some boy more studious than the majority were, would throw\\nhimself upon his face and study his lessons in his school work, or\\nread some book in which he was interested, by the light of blazing\\npine knots on the hearth. Those knots and pitchy pieces of wood\\nwere called lightwood. That sort of light was far superior to\\nthe tallow candle of later times, or even the oil lamp that succeeded\\nthe tallow candle and preceded the use of kerosene oil.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "THE DOMESTIC LIFE OF LANCASTER. 343\\nAdjoining the kitchen was the sanctum of the mistress of the\\nhouse into which the noisy boys were seldom allowed to enter\\nthis was the nursery where generally slumbered an infant in an\\nold-fashioned cradle. There would be found also the younger\\nchildren. If the family did not have a girl of ten or twelve years of\\nage to look after the infants, one was secured from some neighbor\\nwho had a surplus of such help. There in her sanctum the mistress\\nof the house did her work, which consisted in making and mending\\nclothes, often making over old garments until they were just as\\ngood as new. Here she was preceptress of her own children,\\nteaching them by conversational methods accompanied by a disci-\\npline that was as firm as it was tender. This room contained a fire-\\nplace, not so large as that of the kitchen, but ample for the comfort\\nof the inmates. There was also a bed, turned up against the wall,\\na lot of strong wooden chairs disposed about the room, with a table\\nin the centre upon which laid the sewing and other handiwork of\\nthe matrons of those days. There stood a lightstand upon which\\nlaid the family Bible and a few other books. The elder daughters\\nof the family, when not engaged elsewhere, were to be found here\\nwith their mother assisting her with the work of the family. There\\nthe clock, that imposing device for measuring the flight of time,\\nwas to be found, and often was its face scanned by the tireless\\nmatron who had to plan her labors so as to bring out many occu-\\npations on schedule time.\\nIn the more pretentious houses there was another apartment\\nsimilar to this room called the square room, without carpet.\\nBut there came a time when carpets of home manufacture began to\\nappear, accompanied by some elegant furniture.\\nThere was generally a small bedroom with a spare bed, out of\\nthe way of the noise of the kitchen, with a fireplace in it. This\\nroom was used only on rare occasions for company, or in case of\\nsickness. The children of the family occupied the second floor as\\ntheir sleeping apartment. The beds, except of the very poorest\\npeople, were of feathers. There were no mattresses those days.\\nBeds were either feathers or straw. Every farmer, and nearly\\neverybody was a farmer, even the minister, doctor, merchant, and\\nmechanics, all cultivated some land, and therefore had their flocks\\nof geese. Two or three times in a season the geese were picked\\nthe fine feathers w^ent for making beds, and the quills were saved up\\nand brought a good price for making pens. Metallic pens had not\\nthen appeared, and whoever could write had to use the quill pen.\\nThere was then both a jackknife and a penknife. Every writer\\nhad to learn the art of making and repairing pens with his small-\\nbladed knife. These goose-picking times were times of excite-\\nment, and the boys were all on hand to catch the birds. The girls", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "344 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nwould don their oldest clothes and tie a handkerchief over their\\nheads to protect their hair from the flying feathers and down. An\\nold stocking was run over the heads of the geese to prevent from\\nbiting, and the work of taking all the available feathers pro-\\nceeded.\\nEvery family made its own butter, cheese, soap, and candles.\\nThe dipping of candles took place in the fall after the butchering\\nseason when the tallow was rendered, and candle-dipping was a day\\nhardly less to be remembered than the picking of the geese. In the\\nprocess of candle-making the little children took great delight.\\nWith glee they watched the dipping of the dozen or more wicks\\nhung upon rods into the molten tallow in a great kettle, and sus-\\npended from slats placed upon the backs of chairs, to cool from\\nrepeated dippings until they were of the required size. Candles\\nwere later run in tin molds when but few were required. Candle\\nwicking was an important article of trade at the stores. Sometimes\\nin case of necessity tow was substituted for the cotton wick, but\\nwith poor results.\\nThe making of sausages was another notable day s work, looked\\nforward to with interest. All hands were busily engaged cutting\\nthe meat with knives. The manufacture of soap was a notable\\nevent of the year, and took place in the early spring. The scraps\\nof fatty meats, waste grease, bones, and the like were saved up from\\nthe winter s stock of meats and boiled out for soap grease.\\nThen, too, the accumulation of ashes from the winter fires was\\nlarge. Leaches were set up and the lye run off. The great\\nkettles were filled with lye and condensed by boiling, after which\\nthe requisite amount of grease was added for soft or hard soap,\\nas they wished. This was an important industry in every home, and\\ncalled for a considerable degree of skill to always get good soap.\\nEvery family, especially every farmer, killed and packed his own\\nmeat for the season. A fatted cow or ox along with several hogs\\nwere slaughtered. A portion was hung up to freeze, while the\\nlarger part was salted down for the later season of the year.\\nPork was summer meat. Very little fresh meat was eaten in\\nsummer except game and fish. In the warmer season when a calf,\\nlamb, or sheep was killed, portions of the carcass were distributed\\namong the neighbors to be paid in the same kind and quantity a\\nfew days or weeks later when they should slaughter an animal.\\nA well-stocked poultry yard was an important source of food sup-\\nply. The forests and streams were full of game and fish, and much\\nof it was taken; but there were no sportsmen to destroy it as in\\nlater times, when game and fish were wantonly exterminated for the\\nmere pleasure of killing with improved devices of destruction.\\nIn the fall an ample supply of all the then-known vegetables filled", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "THE DOMESTIC LIFE OF LANCASTER. 345\\nthe cellars of the Lancaster farmers of early years. Apples of good\\nquality were abundant for winter use; and eight or ten barrels of\\ncider were not considered an over-stock for the winter drinks of\\nfamily and visitors. All the women drank cider, and most of the\\nmen took something stronger without feeling that they were violat-\\ning any law, human or divine. Even the minister, when he called,\\nwas asked to take a little Jamaica which he never thought of\\nrefusing. (The ledger of J. Wilson shows that good Parson Willard\\neven bought his own brandy by gallons and quarts. Ed.) The\\nladies at quiltings and other social times would take a little toddy\\nand it was a common practice to give it to the babies, to relieve\\nthem of their peculiar ills.\\nAmong the articles of household furnishings essential to the com-\\nfort of our great-grandparents was the warming-pan. This was a\\nbrass or copper pan, twelve or fifteen inches in diameter and quite\\nshallow with a cover perforated. It had a wooden handle three or\\nfour feet long. It was filled with glowing coals from the kitchen\\nfire and when slid around between the sheets, gave them a thorough\\nwarming so that they were entirely comfortable to get into. The\\npeople aimed to use flannel blankets in cold weather, but often such\\nwere not available, when they had to resort to linen which though\\nthey might have been bleached until white as snow still possessed\\nall the chill of the snow. Linen, being a good non-conductor of\\nheat, made a pleasant garment for the hot season of the year, but a\\nvery cold one for winter use. Cotton either as clothing or sheeting\\nwas then unknown. Ludicrous mistakes were sometimes made in\\nusing the warming-pan. Not in Lancaster, but very near it, lived\\nan old gentleman of note who w^as grievously afflicted with rheuma-\\ntism. Being a captain and a sort of privileged character, he could\\nswear most vehemently, possessing anything but a sweet temper.\\nHis devoted wife was not remarkable for shrewdness or wit, but was\\na most excellent nurse. She was told that the fumes of burning\\nsugar dropped upon the warming-pan were a good remedy for rheu-\\nmatism. She dropped it on the lid of the pan one evening and\\nwarmed the bed. The sugar melted and spread out like wax.\\nShe turned to the old gentleman and said, Jump right in. Captain,\\nit is piping hot now. The captain crawled in, but he jumped out\\nmuch quicker than he got into bed. The storm that raged for a\\ntime in that house is difficult to describe, and we leave it to the\\nreader s imagination to depict the scene. It is said, however, that\\nthe captain got better of his rheumatism.\\nWhen families were large, the chambers were usually roughly\\ndivided into rooms. We have been speaking of Lancaster as it was\\nprior to 1825. There were a few houses of more than one story,\\nsome of which were air castles (the fronts roughly finished and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "346 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe family living in one corner). Most houses, however, were well\\nfinished and commodious. There were always some exceptions.\\nThere have always been rough people in Lancaster, who lived\\nroughly; but in the main people lived as comfortably here as in\\nother communities of like age and opportunities. We have hinted\\nat the industries of the time in speaking of the manufactures of wool\\nand flax. One would think that the girls and women of ye olden\\ntime had little leisure, for they not only spun the wool and flax\\nand wove the cloth, but helped with milking, and always took the\\nentire care of the milk, making butter and cheese. With all those\\ntasks it does not appear that there existed that awful pressure, both\\nphysical and mental, that has been depleting our country of its\\nnative-born population. Our ancestors had few books, but they\\nread what they had with a degree of thoroughness that is uncommon\\namong the reading masses of to-day. The boys read history and\\nbiography, perhaps because they could not get literature like the\\nNew Yo7 k Ledger^ stories of adventure in the Wild West, and the\\nlike of which boys read to-day. The girls read The Children of\\nthe Abbey and Scottish Chiefs, and the like.\\nGirls had what they called stints, as the spinning of a certain\\nnumber of skeins of yarn, or the weaving of a certain number of\\nyards of cloth in a day. Any smart girl could finish her stint\\nin a half day. It did not cost more to spin, weave, and make up a\\npressed cloth dress then than it does now to trim and make a\\nworsted dress.\\nAll underclothing was of home manufacture. In boy s clothing\\nthere was a great economy secured in its character the wool or\\nflax when worked into cloth was of unbroken fiber, hence the\\nstrength of the fabric was equal to that of leather.\\nSpecimens of fancy needle work that have come down to us from\\nour grandmothers, together with the letters they wrote, reveal a cul-\\ntivated taste that equals that of to-day and in every respect they\\nwere the equals of those who grace any place in life. They fully\\nadorned their station. The boys, when occasion required it, worked\\nwith their fathers and at the same kinds of work. There were no\\nidle boys and the boy who could not shoot well at long range\\nor catch trout, was in poor repute among either boys or men.\\nOne of the fixtures of the house in those times was the long gun\\nhung on hooks in the kitchen with the powderhorn and bullet\\npouch hanging under it. It kept its place for a long time after\\nthere was any use for it. It was a formidable instrument of destruc-\\ntion. The barrel was about four feet long, and it carried nearly an\\nounce ball which crushed or paralyzed whatever it struck. If this\\nstyle of gun was charged with double B shot for ducks or geese it\\nswept a space a yard and a half wide at a distance that would", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "THE DOMESTIC LIFE OF LANCASTER. 347\\nastonish a sportsman of to-day. Such a gun in the hands of Buck-\\nnam, Blake, or Stanley was good for a moose at one hundred and\\nfifty yards and at a much later period there were those who were\\nsure of a deer at the same distance. Those old hunters usually\\ncharged their gun with two bullets or a double charge of shot, with\\nthe requisite amount of powder, and when they discharged it a tre-\\nmendous report rang through the neighborhood.\\nWith respect to the amusements of boys, we have said the old\\nkitchen was practically given up to them in the evening. There\\nthey played their games and tricks, and practised jokes on one an-\\nother. One of their tricks was to place a pin in the rail (batton) of\\nthe kitchen door about ten inches from the floor. Then a boy laid\\ndown on his face and stomach, his feet near the pin, and tried to\\nthrow himself, first onto his head, then rise upon his hands and\\nwalk backward upon his hands and try to take the pin out of the\\ndoor with his teeth. Some boys could perform the feat, but many\\nof them would utterly fail. Another trick was making a circle with\\nchalk about six feet from the floor and a foot in diameter on the\\nwall. A boy would go back to the other end of the room,\\ntake a candle in his hand, fill a plate with water, take it by\\nthe rim with his teeth, walk the length of the room without\\nspilling any of the water, and touch the center of the circle with the\\nplate. On one occasion a number of quiet and sober boys were\\ngathered in Captain Stephenson s kitchen trying this last-named trick.\\nIn the company was one of the neighborhood old fellows who\\nhad an exceedingly sharp-tongued, sour wife (this was before the\\ndays of saloons and he had to consort with the boys in the kitchen).\\nSo he sought social excitement among the boys. His presence was\\nnot welcome. So the boys got him to try their trick as a means of\\ndriving him out. They were using a pewter plate, and had brought\\na wad of tow as inflamable as powder, and folded it over the rim of\\nthe plate under pretext of avoiding marking the plate with their\\nteeth. They fitted him out and sent him toward the circle. As he\\ntook the plate in his teeth portions of the tow were arranged so as to\\nfall down upon his breast. With the candle in his hand, the plate\\nfilled to the rim with water, his eyes upon the circle, he took up his\\nline of march, and proceeded bravely as he had a good set of teeth.\\nIt seemed to have become necessary to hold the candle very close\\nin order to see that he did not spill any of the water. When he got\\nabout half way across the room, by some apparent accident the\\ncandle flame touched the tow and set it on fire. It flashed as quick\\nas lightning. All hands fell to and assisted in putting out the fire\\nwhich was not accomplished until his face, hands, hair, whiskers, and\\neyebrows were badly scorched. Man was made upright but boys\\nhave sought out many inventions.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "348 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nIll regard to the dress of those days I ma} say, that the com-\\nmon dress of the women was simple and durable, almost entirely\\nmanufactured by their own hands. Flannels formed the larger por-\\ntion of their dress goods, and were colored to suit the taste of the\\nwearer. Their dresses were made in a manner that no woman of\\nto-day need be ashamed to wear. Silks were more common\\nthan to-day, but they were worn only on rare or state occasions. A\\nsort of calico, called chintz, served for an afternoon dress. The bon-\\nnets or hats assumed all the variety of shapes of the present day.\\nThe choicest of furs were in general use by the women of that time.\\nOur grandmothers did not consider themselves properly dressed for\\ncold weather, without the sable muff that would let the arm into it up\\nto the elbows, and protect the whole upper portion of the body\\nwhen held up before their faces.\\nMrs. Major Weeks s muff and cape probably contained as many as\\neighty prime sable skins. These skins were often dressed and made\\nup by those who wore them. The feet of both women and children\\nwere protected by good, strong calf-skin shoes, or boots made by\\nthe local shoemaker. A pair of thin morocco slippers were held in\\nhigh esteem when our mothers wished to show off their feet to ad-\\nvantage. In winter all wore good, heavy knit socks outside their\\nshoes.\\nThere were those who thought the wearing of ornaments of any\\nkind a deadly sin. They usually wore very dark clothing, some-\\ntimes drab. Their bonnets were pasteboard frames covered with\\ncambric of the desired color, drawn tight over it by means of strings\\nsewed to the covering. When finished they were in the shape of a\\nflour scoop. That class did not attend church at the old meeting-\\nhouse.\\nThe clothing of the men was called sheep s gra}% that is, a mix-\\nture of white and black wool. Nearly every farmer kept a few black\\nsheep, or brown ones, for the purpose of making gray cloth. This\\ncloth when dressed by the clothier made garments that no one\\nneed be ashamed to wear. An every-day suit of these clothes\\nseemed to defy the effects of time and use. After a ear or two of\\nwear in sun and storm, it was not easy to tell what the original color\\nhad been unless it was sheep s gray. The men at their work\\nusually wore a frock of striped woolen cloth, or a leather apron fall-\\ning a few inches below their knees. This apron was divided in the\\nlower part and tied around the legs with strings, the lower one being\\na little below the knees. This garment was put aside when not\\nat their work. Those men who affected some style had a coat of\\nbroadcloth and a fancy vest of some kind of figured goods. As to\\nhats they varied in shape about as much as at the present time. But\\na hat made by Frederick Messer or Ephraim Cross was no slight", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "GAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS. 349\\naffair. The hat might get rusty, but did not wear out. At one\\ntime the dress hats made of fur were ridiculously large and a more\\nabsurd shape could scarcely be imagined.\\nAs every farmer, and all were farmers until about 1835, killed his\\nown meats there were many hides and skins to go to the tanner,\\nwhich after about a year, returned as leather. At the approach of\\ncold weather, Heber Blanchard, John Dow, and other shoemakers\\ncommenced their rounds called whipping the cat. Each with\\nhis kit of shoemakers tools took up his place in one corner of the\\nkitchen of one of his customers, where he stitched and pegged away\\nuntil the whole family were thoroughly shod for the winter from the\\noldest down to the youngest child. This task finished, his presence\\nwas welcomed at the next house. In this way the people of Lancas-\\nter had their shoemaking done for more than two generations. While\\nthis operation was going on rolls of cloth from the clothiers be-\\ngan to come home. The clothier received his pay for dressing the\\ncloth in wheat, butter, cheese, sugar, and other produce from the\\nfarm. Soon after the shoemaker followed the tailor with his tapes\\nand shears and a couple of sewing women. He cut the clothing,\\nespecially the coats and other important garments, and the women\\nmade them up. The sewing women sometimes cut as well as made\\nboys clothes. The tailor took his pay in farm produce, but the\\nsewing girls always required cash at fifty cents a day. The cloth-\\ning was thus made by tailors and sewing women going from house\\nto house as did the shoemakers.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nGAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS OF EARLY TIMES.\\nThe Public Gatherings, Social Entertainments, Frolics, Games, and\\nCustoms of Earlier Days Regimental Musters Terms of Court\\nSpelling Schools Donation Parties Quilting and Paring\\nBees Turkey Shoots or Shooting Matches Squirrel Hunts\\nPitching Quoits Round, Long, and Drive Ball Athletic\\nSports Huskings, with Scraps of Husking Songs.\\nBy Henry O. Kent.\\nIn no respect, perhaps, has the change within the last half century\\nbeen greater to residents of Lancaster, than in the character of public\\ngatherings and social customs and amusements.\\nBefore the advent of railroads and telegraphs there was little from\\nthe outside world to challenge the attention of the people. The", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "350 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nmerchant made semi-annual trips, spring and fall, to Portland or\\nBoston, to purchase goods, there were no commercial travelers.\\nThe clergymen attended annual conference, the lawyers the courts\\nin the adjoining counties, and on rare occasions at Concord or\\nPortsmouth, and political magnates attended the state conventions.\\nThe local newspaper was the medium of intelligence and compen-\\ndium of information, save when Hill s JVew Uamps/iire Patriot, or\\nMcFarland s New Hampshire Statesman secured lodgment in\\noccasional families. The people were self-reliant in their gatherings\\nand amusements as in material things.\\nThe annual regimental muster, and the semi-annual terms, in\\nMay and November, of the higher courts, all at Lancaster, were the\\ngreat occasions of the year.\\nThe county, in addition to its present territory, until 1848, com-\\nprised the towns of Jackson and Bartlett, below the White Moun-\\ntains, now annexed to Carroll county.\\nThere were two regiments of militia in Coos, the original Twenty-\\nfourth, and later the Forty-second, corresponding in territory to the\\npresent northern judicial district for the Twenty-fourth, and the\\nsouthern judicial district for the Forty-second. The occasion of the\\nannual fall parade, when the regiment was assembled and exercised\\nby its ofificers, and inspected and reviewed by the brigade general, was\\nin fact as in name, a muster day, a muster of the people from\\nfar and near to accompany the local troops, to witness the evolu-\\ntions, to make necessary purchases, meet business appointments,\\nexchange greetings with friends, and have a good time generally.\\nFrom before dawn until late at night, a representative crowd thronged\\nthe streets, pressed upon the picket line, and, thoroughly good\\nhumored, stored up experiences to be narrated during the coming\\nyear.\\nThe terms of court were of equal interest. Lancaster was then\\nthe full shire of the county litigation was general, each town was\\nlikely to have its famous case, and both plaintiff and defendant had\\nloyal following among kindred and neighbors. The old work of\\ncounterfeiting silver coin was then in frequent operation, and crimi-\\nnal actions, while not common, were not infrequent. A grand jury,\\nwith two petit juries, the numerous parties and witnesses, made up a\\nretinue that filled the quiet hamlet to overflowing. Hotel accom-\\nmodations were limited. The Court usually had rooms at some pri-\\nvate house, while the lawyers preempted the Coos Hotel, the best\\nhostelry of the region. The American House was packed, and the\\noverflow filled the Temperance House, By George, Howe Enter-\\ntainment for men and Beasts, as the swinging sign of George\\nHowe s little Temperance House, standing where J. P. Haseltine s\\nbuilding on Main street now is, quaintly announced, filled it so", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "GAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS. 35 I\\nfull that Artemas Ward, then an apprentice at the printing business,\\nand a boarder therein, averred that Brother Howe would put a\\njuryman to bed, with his limited accommodations, and as soon as he\\nwas asleep take him carefully from his couch and hang him up on\\na -peg in the spare room till morning, serving each new comer the\\nsame way, and again awaking them, in turn, in the bed from which\\nthey had been taken.\\nTrials were hotly contested the court-house was continually\\nfilled for a term of from four to six weeks, Saturdays and Mondays\\nincluded, and the scenes at the court-house furnished the staple for\\ndiscussion and narrative in the homes of the county. The mer-\\nchants were busy during court, people turned an honest dollar by\\ntaking court boarders, and our visitors brought a freshness of\\ndemeanor, independence, and varied experience to the county seat,\\nat once entertaining and valuable, aside from materially increasing\\nthe business and life of the village during their sojourn.\\nUp to about this time, 1S50, the apprentice system prevailed in\\nall the shops of the town. There was then no closing of the stores\\non any evening, no lectures, sometimes a lyceum at the\\nacademy, a debating society, or a spelling school, but these were\\nrare occurrences. From September to March the shops were\\nlighted and the apprentices worked evenings. From March to\\nSeptember work ceased in the shops at sunset.\\nIt was a summer recreation on Saturday evenings for the appren-\\ntices after they had knocked off work, and such clerks as could\\nget away from their respective stores, together with the occasional\\nlaw student, or academy teacher, to go in swimming in the\\nclear cool waters of the river, not as now polluted by sewerage and\\nsawdust, but fresh from the crystal springs and deep forests on the\\nslopes of Mount Washington, fragrant, almost, with the odors of the\\npines and the hemlocks, and musical with the song of the trees and\\nthe winds.\\nThe mill pond was the place chosen, the hour just after dark.\\nThe mill pond was the deep, clear pool above the dam, between the\\nsawmill and the fulling-mill, where the dam now is, above Main\\nStreet bridge, ten feet or more in depth, clean gravel bottom, while\\nbelow the dam lurked cavernous depths to tempt the adventurous\\ndiver. A spring board, a tough spruce plank, was always\\nextended from the flume above the old sawmill, on the northern\\nbank, out over the deep, clear water, and athletic exercises of a high\\norder were performed thereon, a swift dart from the bank across\\nthe plank, and a bounding leap into the water a balancing of the\\nbody communicating a springing motion to the end of the plank,\\nand a spring from this tense leverage, throwing the di\\\\ er high in\\nair or, best of all, a somersault between the plank and the water,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "352 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nstriking the latter with hands, pahns together extended, above the\\nhead, were the feats in greatest demand and received with the\\ngreatest favor, while the daring spirits dove into the abyss below\\nand beneath the dam, emerging in subterranean recesses under the\\nplanking; or above the dam, swum under water, to the ecstatic\\nalarm of smaller boys and admiring friends. For years during the\\nwarmer season this was the weekly gathering and revel of the young\\nmen and boys of the village.\\nPitching quates (quoits) was another and favorite amusement\\nmuch practised by clerks and students who had occasional leisure\\nduring the golden summer days. Two stakes, or pins, were set or\\ndriven into the ground from fifty to sixty feet apart, protruding, per-\\nhaps, six or eight inches the players, armed with fllat, iron scale\\nweights, or stones, or sometimes horseshoes, placed the left heel\\nagainst one of these hubs, the other foot extended before him,\\nthe weight or missile in his right hand, and essayed to heave and\\nland it so it would touch the other hub, or be as near it as possible.\\nThe succeeding player attempted the same thing, being privileged\\nto knock away his predecessor s quoit by his own, if possible. He\\nwho landed his quoit nearest the hub, was the victor of that score,\\nand an agreed number of points made up the game.\\nWrestling was a favorite pastime, and a test of quick foot, quick\\neye, and lithe body. There was the side hold, back hold,\\nback to back, arm s length, each expressive of the position of\\nthe friendly contestants. If a man was brought to his knees, he\\nwas beaten; if he was laid upon his back, he was vanquished.\\nThere were noted champions in Lancaster and the towns around\\nabout. A wrestle a wrestle, make a ring was sure to call a\\ngoodly crowd, who made a ring around the athletes, to see fair play\\nand encourage favorites. There were stalwart, sinewy boys and\\nyoung men always ready to uphold the honor of proud Lancaster,\\nand equally wary and cordy fellows on our borders, who dis-\\nputed our preeminence. Jefferson was especially prolific in splendid\\nspecimens of physical manhood. Every muster field had its hero.\\nThe old meeting-house common knew what wrestling meant, the\\nstable yards of the Coos Hotel and American House, and even the\\nprecincts of the Temperance House, were arenas for these gladi-\\nators, transferred in winter to the broad floors of the hotel stables.\\nAccidents were rare, and muscle, courage, and local and physical\\npride were alike developed.\\nRolling tenpins was another popular amusement. The original\\nninepins, set in the form of a cocked hat at the farther end of\\nthe hard-wood alley, were under the anathema of legislation, so\\nanother pin was inserted in the middle of the triangle of nine, and\\ntenpins was a legal and commendable game, developing muscle", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "GAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS. 353\\nand calling into use delicate touch of the ball and quick conception\\nof the break it was desirable to make. Phenomenal strings\\nwere rolled on Cady s old alley, in rear of the Coos Hotel, situate\\non the edge of a little rolling green field sloping down to the river,\\nand about where the row of small houses now is between Canal and\\nMain streets. The spares, strikes, and flops of those days lin-\\nger yet in the memory of many a Lancaster boy of maturing years.\\nFireworks were unknown, but effervescing patriotism was\\nnever unknown to the denizen of our town. Fourth of July was\\nalways celebrated, and a Fourth of July evening would have been a\\ndismal failure but for a flaming beacon on the sawed-off limb (fifty\\nfeet above the street) of the old elm tree then standing in the cen-\\ntre of Main street, about opposite the south line of Centennial park\\nand throwing fire balls. These fire balls were a domestic pro-\\nduct. A great lot of candle wicking soaked in a tub of turpentine\\nwas the crude article, loosely wound to a ball of perhaps six inches\\nin diameter, and left until use in the inflammable bath. The pro-\\nduct awaited the dark and the deft manipulation of the throwers.\\nThe ball, taken from its bath, was lighted, and thrown by its first\\nsponsor, to be caught bare handed by the next and instantaneously\\ndispatched on another blazing flight through the sky. The rapidity\\nof handling prevented burning hands, and deft players would soon\\nhave the air alive with fiery arcs, tangents, parabolas, and, as the\\nballs burned out, blazing stars of fragments.\\nRound ball was the country ancestor of modern baseball.\\nParties chose up by matching hand over hand on a ball club.\\nHe who last could hold the end of the club by the edge of his closed\\nhand, above the hand of his rival, with a grip sufficiently strong to\\nswing it without its falling, had the first choice. The umpire, or\\nhis prototype, kept tally by cutting notches on a wooden tally\\nstick as parties were caught out, or ran round the goolds, and\\na given number of tallies made the game. When one side was\\ncaught out, the other had a chance.\\nLong ball was a kind of cross between round ball and\\ndrive ball, and was a favorite game. We find it in the diary of\\na former citizen, whose advent to town was seventy years ago, that\\nthe day of his arrival being Election Day (June), I engaged in a\\ngame of Long ball on the Holton Common.\\nDrive ball was, perhaps, akin to modern football, save that it was\\nplayed with bats and a ball of common size, each side endeavoring\\nto drive the other up or down the long street, by forcing the ball\\nbeyond them.\\nThree-year-old cat and four-year-old cat were ball games\\nfor juveniles. Each game had a pitcher and catcher, and one or two\\nat the bat or bats, all in line, the ball being thrown alternately\\n23", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "354 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\neach way the game being in catching out the boy at the bat,\\nwho then took the pitcher s or catcher s place.\\nLifting at stiff heels was another athletic test, one party ex-\\ntending himself on his back on the ground, his legs straight, close\\ntogether, and stiff at the knees; the lifter placing himself astride\\nthese legs at the feet, clasping his hands under them at the calves,\\nand essaying to raise his prostrate, but thoroughly alive, subject to\\nan upright position; the contortions of the stiff frequently baffling\\nthe muscle of the champion. Any movement of the prone body\\nwas admissible; only the legs must be kept stiff.\\nIt is, perhaps, pertinent to preserve here the mystic formulae of\\nchildhood, through the observance of which high questions were\\ndecided and mighty champions selected, or, perchance, caitiff pre-\\ntenders unmasked. The language of magic is recondite and mystic,\\nand so came down to the youth of Lancaster from the days of the\\nDruids, if not from Caspar, Melchior, and Balthazar.\\nRanged in a trembling or expectant line, the neophites watched\\nthe finger of the Sybil, in turn transfixing each, accompanied by the\\nmysterious polyglot,\\nEntry, mentry, cutery corn,\\nApple seeds and apple thorn,\\nWire, brier, limber lock,\\nSix geese in a flock.\\nSit and sing by the spring,\\nO-u-t out!\\nor,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nOne-e-ry u-ger-y ick-er-y ann,\\nPhilosy, pholosy, Nicholas John,\\nEn-e me-ne mo-ne-mi, Pester lady bode si,\\nArgy dargy walk\\nthe one remaining of the company in either case being champion\\nor victim as the game decreed.\\nThe shooting match, or turkey shoot, was another occa-\\nsion appealing strongly to the marksmen and young men of the\\ncommunity. These matches were holden in the autumn, and usu-\\nally just before Thanksgiving. While turkeys were the usual game\\ncompeted for, chickens, and sometimes other fowl, were placed\\nupon the stands.\\nThese matches were sometimes held at the north end, about the\\nHolton place or Francis Wilson s, the site of Mrs. Jacob Benton s\\nresidence, but the favorite and usual spot was Cady s meadow.\\nHere were combined the proximity of the hotel, and incidentally its\\nbar, the ten-pin alley on one side of the lot, and central location.\\nCady s meadow, fifty years ago, was the land now covered by\\nCanal street and the buildings on either side, and so far east as the\\nrear of the original lots on Main street. It was a green, pleasant", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "GAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS. 355\\nfield, sloping down from the hotel buildings and ten-pin alley to\\nIsreals river, in the centre of which was an emerald island, now\\nnearly worn away, then known as Cady s island. In the midst of\\nthis meadow was a large, graceful elm, its roots laved by the bab-\\nbling little brook that coursed down from Bunker hill, crossing\\nMain street in front of the J. A. Smith store, then the site of Sam\\nRines s blacksmith shop.\\nThe turkeys or other prizes were fastened by their legs upon\\nstands, generally a board nailed to the top of a stake driven into\\nthe ground, the stakes being at the lower end of the lot near the\\npresent shops of the Thompson Mfg. Co. The marksmen were at\\nthe other end of the field, or nearer, as the rules allowed; the arms\\nwere rifles, and to secure the prize the ball must draw blood, the\\nprice per shot being regulated before the lists opened. Marksmen\\ncame from near and far, and the day was not without its excitement,\\nthe cracking rifles, the frightened birds, and the incidents of the\\nshoot combining to fill out the picture.\\nOf perhaps broader interest was the squirrel hunt. This, too,\\noccurred in the fall after the leaves had fallen. Some two recog-\\nnized good fellows were agreed upon as captains, who then pro-\\nceeded to choose sides until every skilled marksman or owner of\\na good weapon was enlisted on the one side or the other. The day\\nwhich should terminate the hunt was then fixed and the list and\\nvalue of all game was agreed upon. As the occasion was called a\\nsquirrel hunt, the squirrel common red squirrel was taken as the\\nunit of count and rated as lo. Every animal known to the region\\nwas listed, the black bear being 500, and figures approximating\\nthe scarcity of the animal or difficulty of capture applied to each.\\nThe two sides were to scour the country, and diplomacy as well\\nas powder and shot was called into account. It mattered not how\\nthe tokens of game were procured actual possession determined\\nthe count. The tail, ears, or head of the animal, as the case\\nmight be, must be the evidence when the game was counted up.\\nThis was the finale of the several weeks hunt. Judges, who had\\nbeen agreed upon, met at one of the village hotels on the evening\\nof the last day of the hunt, and to them was submitted by either\\nside in turn all the heads, tails, ears, of animals shot or secured.\\nThe count was made, and the side having the smallest score was\\nbound to pay for a supper, and the best the tavern afforded, for all\\nthe hunters of both sides.\\nGreat skill must be exercised by the judges that only fresh game\\nshould be counted. Old game used in other places or at former\\nhunts must be discovered and thrown out if possible. In one of the\\nlast of these hunts, an ingenious apprentice, whose wit was more\\nactive than his legs or gun, actually manufactured a lot of leather", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "356 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nmuski at tails, which successfully passed the scrutiny of the com-\\nmittee and decided the hunt.\\nIt was a notable evening that of the hunting supper. The roar-\\ning tavern fireplaces, the ruddy, jolly hunters, the loaded tables,\\nthe jest, song, and thoroughly good fellowship, marked an occasion\\nthat dwells pleasantly in memor}\\nDonation parties were common among all the denominations.\\nThey were held to eke out, or to add to, the pay and comforts of\\nthe minister. The date was after harvest and killing time and\\nthe first snow. All the people came, and brought of their abun-\\ndance, grain, meat, sled-length wood, homespun cloth, rolls, maple\\nsugar, butter, from the farm furniture or iron work from the shops\\ngoods from the stores and the miscellaneous items selected by the\\nvillage people. Father, mother, children old folks and young\\nfolks came to see the pastor, shake hands, visit with attending\\nneighbors, express their goodwill, enjoy an abundant lunch selected\\nby a committee of ladies from their own benefactions, listen to the\\nswelling tones of some grand old hymn by the church choir, a\\nkindly, earnest prayer from the minister, and the benediction.\\nMany a year was the spare pantry, the empty woodyard, the vacant\\nmow filled to bursting by kindly parishioners, and bonds of love\\nbetween pastor and people renewed and strengthened through these\\ngatherings. There is a shading to almost every picture, and until\\nthe days of their decadence donations were as here set down.\\nThere were always some stingy souls manifested thereat, whose\\npunishment doubtless came in the crackling of their own shriveled\\nconsciences and the quiet but observant comments of their more\\ngenerous neighbors.\\nThe quilting-bee was a woman s institution, perhaps not unlike\\nthe more modern sewing circle. There were few if any dress-\\nmaking establishments. The dressmaker of those days, like the\\ntailor and the shoemaker, went around from house to house, with\\nshears, goose, or lapstone, there remaining until the season s outfit\\nfor the family was completed.\\nAll the pieces of print, merino, alpacca, or rare bits of silk or\\nsatin were rigidly preserved. The mother and girls of the house-\\nhold cut these pieces of cotton or silk into squares, piecing them\\ntogether in kaleidoscopic pattern, the many tiny bits making a\\nwhole square, and the many squares, perhaps the accumulations of\\nyears, the entire outside of the quilt or bed comforter.\\nEvery well-regulated house had a set of quilting frames, smooth,\\nstraight pieces of pine, two inches wide, one inch thick, and ten feet\\nlong, to one edge of which was tacked a stout piece of cotton cloth,\\nperhaps two inches wide.\\nThe day of the quilting-bee came the lining of the quilt or com-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "GAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS. 357\\nforter was placed upon the floor of the spare room cotton batting\\nor cotton wadding, generally batting, to the desired thickness was\\nspread upon this the patchwork outside placed on top of all, the\\nwhole being tacked together by occasional threads. Then the\\ntwo long sides of the quilt were stitched to the strips on the edge\\nof two quilting bars, these bars then supported at either end by\\nbeing put between and upon the horizontal back-slats of four\\nstraight-back, splint-bottomed upright kitchen chairs; the quilt was\\nthen stretched taut and held in place by the two remaining bars,\\nbeing placed at either end, and held in place by gimlets bored\\ndown at the point of intersection. Maids and matrons then ranged\\ntheir chairs on either of the two sides of the quilt, the pasteboard\\npatterns of the figure agreed upon after deep thought, scalloped,\\nherring-boned, diamond, etc., etc., laid upon the surface of the work,\\nthe emery balls and beeswax at hand, the needles threaded, and the\\nwork began. As it progressed the gimlets were withdrawn, the\\nquilting-bars rolled up and again fastened, until the two sides met\\neach other, and the work was done.\\nThen followed the supper, prepared in the spacious kitchen, be-\\nfore the open fireplace, and there partaken of, the greatest triumphs\\nof New England housewifery being then produced and enjoyed\\nwith neighborly chat and narrative. Many of these quilts were\\nindeed wonders, and exist to-day to evidence the taste, skill, and\\nindustry of our grandmothers.\\nThe apple-paring was a less notable, although not unusual, gath-\\nering, and was enjoyed more particularly by the young people.\\nNearly every farm had its apple orchard, and apples entered largely\\ninto the sum of farm products. As the crop could not all be used\\nwhen gathered to preserve a part, the apples were pared, cored, and\\nsliced, and then strung on strings or coarse thread, a large needle\\nmaking the puncture, the strings of apple being hung in festoons\\non the poles, which were then suspended in every kitchen, and\\nused as occasion demanded, for drying yarn from the dye-pot,\\nclothing, pumpkins sliced and cut in spirals for winter use, and ap-\\nples as here prepared.\\nPitchers of cider and heaps of butternuts were at hand to regale the\\nparers, for whom a bountiful supper was furnished when the work was\\ndone. The red apple, with its attendant salutation from sweetheart\\nor beau, was never overlooked, in attending to the store of fruit.\\nThe spelling-school was another institution of much interest, if\\nnot usefulness, and was enjoyed throughout the town during the\\nautumn and winter months. Sometimes a school was organized be-\\ntween scholars of the same district, but more generally one district\\nchallenged another district, and occasionally some district challenged\\nor was challenged by a district in an adjoining town.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "358 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe first thing in organizing the session was for the two most\\naccomphshed spellers to choose sides for the match, unless one\\ndistrict was pitted against another district. These leaders, male or\\nfemale, alternately chose one clansman, personally for his or her\\nexcellence in spelling, alone. It was no anomaly for an adept to be\\na poor scholar generally but a wonderful speller. The attendance\\nbeing thus enrolled on either side, the opposing forces took places,\\nstanding in line, in the back seats of either side of the schoolhouse.\\nSome favorite was chosen, perhaps the teacher, perhaps the pru-\\ndential committee for the district, perhaps the local magistrate, or\\npossibly some phenomenal adept from out of town, to preside and\\nput out the words. Taking his place in the teacher s desk, the\\nvisiting citizens filling the lower seats or convenient chairs, the busi-\\nness of the evening commenced. The words first presented were\\nsimple and harmless. The leader of the side challenged had the first\\ncall if spelled .correctly, the next word came to his next in order\\nbut if failure ensued, the unfortunate member took his seat, and the\\nnext word went in like manner to the other side. Gradually the\\nwords grew harder, and the interest greater; man after man, or boy\\nand girl after boy and girl, went down before the fateful battery of\\nwonderful words, selected for the occasion by the erudite presiding\\ngenius; at last but a diminishing few remained, and the polyglot\\nwords grew fearful and strange to unaccustomed ears. At last, when\\nexcitement was at fever heat, all had missed and been spelled\\ndown but one and then the decision came, that his or her side\\nhad beaten, and that he or she was the champion of the evening.\\nThe ride to the rendezvous and the more thrilling ride home un-\\nder the stars, over the crisp and snowy roads, through welcomed\\ncovered bridges where taking toll was permitted, was not an\\nimmaterial part of the evening s enjoyment.\\nThe incidents of the trial, how such and such a one faltered at a\\nnew and astounding word how they went down before the recur-\\nring bombardment, or gathered the forces of memory and intui-\\ntion and repelled the shaft and won new honors, were topics of fire-\\nside conversation and gratification to admiring friends.\\nHuskings occurred in the later autumn months, and were largely\\nattended and popular. Every farmer raising a considerable crop of\\ncorn, invited his neighbors to help husk it out. The great farms\\non the intervale of the Connecticut, however were more natural\\ncorn land, raised larger crops, and offered larger opportunities for\\nthis noticeable festival.\\nThe husking at Col. John H. White s, Major John VV. VVeeks s,\\nEsquire Adino N. Brackett s, William Brown s, Gorham Lane s,\\nRoswell Chessman s, Ezra Brooks s, Emmons Stockwell s, Josiah Bel-\\nlows s, Mrs. Holton s, Dr. Benjamin Hunking s, Col. Ephraim Cross s,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "GAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS. 359\\nGov. Jared W. Williams s, were, half a century ago, notable affairs,\\nand each place had its particular reputation for the gathering assem-\\nbled, the variety of work and fun likely to be had and enjoyed, and\\nthe excellence of the husking supper that crowned the evening s\\nobservance.\\nLet us look upon a husking floor ready for use. The ears of corn\\nare piled along the length of one side of the long floor from the big\\ndoors at one end to the big doors at the other, sometimes the pile\\nbeing four feet on the floor, and reaching an equal height against\\nthe feeding-place or the mow. On this, at perhaps ten feet inter-\\nvals, were placed the empty baskets to be filled with the husked\\ncorn ears as the work progressed, pumpkins were placed along the\\nbase of the heap for seats for the buskers, and pitchforks, the tines\\nfirmly stuck into the hay of the scaffold, the handles projecting out\\nover the corn heap, suspended the lanterns of the period round\\ncylinders of tin, punched with holes in regular patterns, through\\nwhich holes the light of the tallow-dipped candle inside struggled\\nto give illumination.\\nMen were detailed to carry away and empty the baskets as fast as\\nfilled, and all was in readiness. The company assembled by 7\\np. m., and the work was usually completed two hours later, some-\\ntimes with a big pile of ears, or a scant company an hour later than\\n-this.\\nThese were male gatherings, the damsels reserving their presence\\nfor waiting upon the tables at the supper later in the evening.\\nAs the work progressed singing was always in order. There were\\nwell-known and popular singers in each community whose presence\\nwas much sought on these occasions, and who prided themselves\\nupon their accomplishments and their popularity. Melody and tune\\nwas not necessary, although of frequent occurrence. A strong voice\\nand a collection of the popular songs were the chief requisites.\\nStory-telling and practical jokes were not wanting, and the events\\nof each neighborhood were the topics of homely and witty comment.\\nAlthough the damsels were not present, the finder of the traditional\\nred ear came in for the marked attention of the company in the\\nform of a bombardment of hard ears of husked corn, from which he\\nwas glad to hide his head, or perhaps retreat temporarily from the\\nscene.\\nThe writer recalls a husking at the barn of a noted Democratic\\nmanager and politician, a barn once standing where the Lancaster\\nHouse swings and tennis grounds now are, then standing directly\\nback from the big elm where the barn of the William Burns place\\non Main street now is, now standing on Ethan Crawford s place\\nnear the Main street railroad crossing. (1897).\\nA good time was expected (and had) and the attendance large.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "36o HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAmong the crowd was a zealous Democratic lad from a home long\\nago laid in ashes, then standing on a road now for many years\\nabandoned, and near the famous cold spring, from which the Lan-\\ncaster House is supplied. Harry had found a red ear, and the pelt-\\ning became fast and furious. For a time it was borne with good\\nhumor; but annoyance and a sense of personal injury followed,\\nuntil in a voice choked with rage and tears, the victim announced\\nif he could n t come down to Colonel Cross s to a Democrat husk-\\ning without getting thi ozved corn at, he should vote the Whig\\nticket next election.\\nThe threat was sufficient, the shower of husked ears ceased but\\nthe logic of premise and conclusion is recalled as not wholly unlike\\nthat of many patriots of later years, as to their reasons for the votes\\nthey give.\\nOur description of a husking would be incomplete without recall-\\ning scraps of the favorite songs of those occasions as they linger in\\nmemory. They were a strange composite sentimental, patriotic,\\nand some bordering upon broad license, but never far enough to\\nprovoke deserved censure.\\nHere is a verse of a wailing song, descriptive of piratical life, a\\ncalling that always seems to have especial attractions to the young\\nWe met a gallant vessel a-sailing on the sea.\\nFor mercy, for mercy, for mercy was her plea\\nBut the mercy that we gave her, we sunk her in the sea,\\nSailing down on the coast of the Low Barbar-i?^.\\nAnother favorite narrated the sad consequences that came to the\\nyoung man who was false to his own true love\\nMy father s in his winding sheet.\\nMy mother, too, appears.\\nWhile the girl I loved is standing by,\\nA-wiping off the tears.\\nThey all have died of a broken heart,\\nAnd now too late I find\\nThat God has seen my cr\\\\xe\\\\tee\\nTo the girl I left behind.\\nLord Bateman was always popular, as the interminable verses\\ndroned out,\\nLord Bateman was a noble lord,\\nA noble lord of high degree.\\nA song always received with hilarious applause, akin in rhythm\\nand narrative to One-Eyed Riley of the Fighting Fifth, started\\ninto full swing with,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "GAMES, SPORTS, AND AMUSEMENTS. 36 1\\nThere was a rich merchant in London did dwell\\nHe had but one daughter, a beautiful gell.\\nFor wit and for beauty none did her excel\\nAnd she married for her husband a trooper.\\nLi whack fol de riddle, fol lol de rol diddle,\\nLi whack fol de riddle do da.\\nAnd another chronicled the adventures of a barber who had filled\\nhis pockets with stolen butter and cheese, and on the adv^ent of the\\nowner had hidden himself uf the chimney\\nI being up the chimney and seated at my ease.\\nThe fire began to melt the butter, likewise to toast the cheese.\\nThe master being in the house, he thought the devil was there\\nFor every drop that fell in the fire, oh Lord how it did flare\\nLove and shipwreck came in the ballad of Roy Niel\\nThey sailed away in a gallant bark,\\nRoy Niel and his fair young bride.\\nThere were joyous hearts in that bounding oak.\\nAs she danced o er the silvery tide.\\nBut a storm arose as they left the land.\\nAnd the thunders shook the deep.\\nAnd the lightning s flash broke the short repose\\nOf the weary sea-boy s sleep.\\nRoy Niel he clasped his fair young bride,\\nAnd pressed her trembling hand.\\nOh, love twas a fatal hour, he cried,\\nWhen we left our native land.\\nYoung Albion, a song of the Pemigewasset river, was always\\neagerly listened to. It narrated how\\nOn the Pemigewasset at break of the day,\\nA birchen canoe was seen gliding away.\\nAs swift as the wild duck that swam by its side,\\nIn silence the bark down the river did glide.\\nAt intervals heard mid the bellowing sigh.\\nThe hoot of the owl and the catamount s cry,\\nThe howl of the wolf from his lone granite cell,\\nAnd the crash of the dead forest tree as it fell.\\nYoung Albion, the chief of his warriors, was there,\\nWith the eye of an eagle, the foot of a deer.\\nThe buskers were never tired of hearing how\\nDown in the lowlands a poor boy did wander,\\nDown in the lowlands a poor boy did roam.\\nBy his friends he was neglected.\\nHe look-ed so dejected,\\nThis poor little sailor boy, so far away from home.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "362 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nSome lingering trace of the old fraternal feeling for France, for\\nher help in our Revolutionary contest, I suppose warmed the hearts\\nand prompted the applause that always greeted The Bonny Bunch\\nof Roses, oh and the filial devotion of the young king of Italy, as\\nexpressed in the words,\\nThen up stepped young Na-po-Ie-on\\nAnd took his mother by the hand,\\nSaying Mother, dearest mother, when I am able to command,\\nTis I will take an army, and o er the frozen Alps I 11 go,\\nAnd I will reconquer Moscow, and return with the Bonny Bunch of Roses, oh\\nEqually a favorite was the ballad of Mary of the Wild Moor\\nOne night the wind it blew cold,\\nBlew bitter across the wild moor.\\nWhen Mary came wandering home.\\nWandering home to her own father s door,\\nCrying, Father, oh, pray let me in\\nTake pity on me, I implore,\\nOr the child at my bosom will die\\nFrom the winds that blow o er the wild moor.\\nBut her father was deaf to her cries\\nNot a sound or a voice reached the door.\\nAnd that night Mary perished and died\\nFrom the winds that blew o er the wild moor.\\nOh, how must her father have felt\\nWhen he came to the door in the morn\\nThere he found Mary dead, and the child\\nFondly clasped in its dead mother s arms.\\nBut the candles flicker in the swaying lanterns, a big pile of husks\\nattests the labors of the evening, and the corn is safely spread on the\\nchamber floor to dry. Adjournment is made to the farmhouse\\nkitchen, illumined by the roaring fireplace and garnished by coils\\nof drying pumpkin and strings of quartered apples. The tables\\ngroan under stores of pumpkin-pies, sage cheese, spearmint-tinc-\\ntured cheese, horsemint-tinctured cheese, brown bread, apples, and\\npitchers of cider, the incidents of the evening are discussed with the\\nsupper, and after an hour of moral fun the jolly buskers separate\\nunder the stars for the scattered farms on hillside or along the river,\\nor wend their way down the sleeping street, past the Gun House\\nand burying ground, under the weird shadows made by the straight\\nLombardy poplars that line the street, or the magic thrown by the\\nGreat Willow standing on the left of the line reaching south from\\nthe site of the present Lancaster House. Perhaps some adventur-\\nous spirits, spurning slumber, prepared an object lesson for the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "MERCANTILE ENTERPRISES AND MERCHANTS. 363\\nvillage fathers by launching Old Hundred in the muddy pool\\nengendered by insufficient drainage near the sign-post of the Coos\\nHotel, or with lump of chalk striped the red sign-post of Brother\\nHowe s Temperance House to the semblance of a barber s pole but\\nthese were occasional and harmless frolics, devoid of malice. Usu-\\nally a half hour after the close of the husking-supper, town and\\nvillage were locked in slumber.\\nThe amusements of the earlier days were simple, harmless, enjoy-\\nable. They developed at once muscle, character, patriotism they\\nnurtured a sturdy race. It is not without the province of a history\\nof the town the story of its birth, life, and condition to record in\\nits pages this imperfect record of our recreations and customs in\\nthe years that are gone.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nTHE MERCANTILE ENTERPRISES AND MERCHANTS OF LAN-\\nCASTER.\\nAt the time the town was settled, the trade in furs and skins had\\nattained such proportions that these articles were as good as cur-\\nrency. The first stock of goods brought to town was by David\\nPage in 1766. It was stipulated in the bill of the goods that they\\nwere to be traded out, and paid for in furs and skins, moose and\\nbear skins being particularly mentioned as desirable. In those first\\nyears there was probably very little money in circulation, as every\\nsettler was on an equal footing with every other one. They had but\\nlittle. The world lay at their feet, a great possibility to be tried,\\nand, if possible, conquered, and homes built and made comfortable.\\nUtility, not elegance, was the quality that recommended any-\\nthing to them. When Merchant Molineau of Boston, Mass., was\\nputting up a load of goods to be sent to Lancaster, he included\\nAxes, grindstones, scythes, sickles, nails, flints for their guns, pow-\\nder, blanketing, lampwick, and rum. Articles like these were\\nindispensable to a new settlement, but their sale could only be\\neffected by barter.\\nFor several years David Page and Edwards Bucknam kept such\\nimportant articles for trade, though they made no attempt at it as a\\nbusiness. The goods were carted here at an expense about equal\\nto the first cost. They came high and left little profit for the\\nsellers. Fortunately, furs and skins of bear and moose were plenty\\nand everybody generous, so that the trader could no doubt square\\nhis accounts with the wholesale merchants in the cities.\\nAs the community grew, and the wants of the people became", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "364 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nmore numerous, and they had more to buy with, traders began to\\nmultiply and soon the first merchant came to town in the person-\\nage of a French ex-consul from Portsmouth, who lost his post by\\nthe accession of Napoleon Bonaparte to the throne of France on\\nthe overthrow of the Bourbons in 1799. Early in the year 1800,\\nhe came to Lancaster and opened a store in the south part of the\\ntown, just opposite the residence of Capt. John Weeks, on the east\\nside of the road leading to South Lancaster.\\nHere for four years this man, John Toscan, sold goods as his\\nonly business in a log house. His house and its contents were\\nburned in 1804, he left town to return to Portsmouth.\\nThe next person to become a merchant in town was Stephen\\nWilson. Although Mr. Wilson had kept goods in his hotel at the\\nnorth end of Main street while Toscan was a merchant here, it was\\nonly for barter in a small way. After the loss of Toscan s store\\nthere was a demand for a better stock of goods, and Wilson im-\\nproved the opportunity to make his store the leading one in the\\nvillage. Very soon other stores were opened at that end of the\\nstreet. These stores sold all sorts of things needed in a new coun-\\ntry, and took their pay in things as varied as those they sold. I\\nhave before me the ledger of Stephen Wilson, which shows a traffic\\nin a variety of things that are no longer on the markets. He\\ncredits his customers against their debts to him with lumber, butter,\\ncheese, ashes, salts of lye, furs, eggs, cloth (of home manufacture),\\nlivestock, and the labor of both men and women.\\nDuring the first quarter of this century stores were kept about\\nthe north end of Main street, mostly in dwelling houses, by James\\nDewey, Thomas Carlisle, William Cargill, George W. Perkins,\\nGeorge V. Eastman, William Carlisle, John M. Dennison, and\\nBenjamin Boardman. Boardman kept his goods in the northeast\\ncorner of the house in which Ethan Crawford now lives. The Car-\\ngills kept their stores in rooms connected with their dwelling houses.\\nTitus O. Brown, for some years one of the leading business men\\nof the town, kept a stock of goods at the south end of Main street,\\nnear the south end of the bridge on the west side of the street. The\\nsite of his store is now occupied by the old post-ofifice building, in\\nwhich Charles Howe has his harness shop.\\nA little later, Samuel White, father of the late Nathaniel White\\nof Concord, N. H., well known to the older people of Lancaster,\\nkept a store in his bar-room in the old Chessman Tavern that stood\\nwhere Kimball s block now does, on the corner of Main and Elm\\nstreets. He kept here as late as 1825.\\nNearly all of these early storekeepers failed. Some of them lost\\nall their property others, the greater portion of it.\\nComing down to 1825, a new era in mercantile pursuits in Lan-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "Royal Jovslin.\\nJames Brack ett Weeks.\\n:|K?^\\nRichard Peabodv Kent.\\nNelson Kent.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "MERCANTILE ENTERPRISES AND MERCHANTS. 365\\ncaster began. In that year the first merchants who ever made a\\nsuccess of the business came to Lancaster Royal JoysHn and\\nRichard P. Kent. About the same time, Guy C. and WilHam\\nCargill came here. They were also quite successful as mer-\\nchants. Royal Joyslin was a nephew of Thomas Carlisle, a mer-\\nchant in Lancaster many years, but who did a small business. Mr.\\nJoyslin had lived with his uncle from 1808 to 18 12, when he went\\nto Bath, N. H., as a clerk in a store belonging to his uncle, Carlisle,\\nBellows Dewey, where he remained for ten years, when he left\\nthem to go into business for himself in partnership with Hosea\\nEdson. In 1825 he sold out and came to Lancaster, bringing\\nwith him the late Richard P. Kent, who worked for him as clerk.\\nHe opened a stock in the Carlisle Store, where John T. Amey s\\nhouse now stands. He opened a second store in the old Samp-\\nson Store, later occupied by Hartford Sweet, on Elm street, oppo-\\nsite the old American House stable. For one year these two were\\nthe only stores in town.\\nIn 1828 Guy C. Cargill came to Lancaster from Bath, N. H.,\\nand in partnership with William Carlisle, opened a store in the old\\nCarlisle building. Richard P. Kent formed a partnership with his\\nemployer, Mr. Joyslin, that year, they occupying the Sampson\\nstore, or as it was often spoken of, the Red Store. Business\\nhad by this time begun to drift toward the south end of Main street,\\nin the vicinity of the mills. Very soon Guy C. Cargill moved his\\nstore down into the old Green Store, where the Evans block now\\nstands. About this time William Sampson came from Northumber-\\nland and opened a store in the old Carlisle building.\\nJoyslin Kent did a good business for four years, at the end\\nof which time they dissolved partnership, each acting on his own\\naccount. R. P. Kent bought the Cargill stock (the Green store),,\\nwhile JoysHn remained for three years in the old stand. Joyslin\\nmoved the old Red Store (the Carlisle store) down Main street\\nto where the Lancaster National bank now is, and occupied it until\\n1845. If* ^845 the town removed the old meeting-house down from\\nSand hill to where it now stands as the main part of Masonic Tem-\\nple or Music Hall, and fitted up a store on the ground floor. The\\nsecond story was used for a town hall, and the attic was fitted up\\nas a hall for the Odd Fellows. Here Mr. Joyslin continued until\\n1867, when, on account of age and infirmities, he retired from bus-\\niness. He sold to Porter Brothers. Mr. Joyslin was in business\\nhere for the term of forty-two years.\\nR. P. Kent occupied the old Green Store until 1837, when he\\nmoved into the building formerly standing near the site of the stone\\nhouse built by John S. Wells, and which, enlarged in 1853 and\\nrebuilt in 1890, is now known as the Kent Building, on Main", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "366 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nStreet, where he remained until his death, in 1885. In April, 1837,\\nhe took Lewis C. Porter into partnership with him, which relation\\nlasted only three years. From 1840 to 1844 Mr. Kent had no\\npartner. His brother Nelson was his clerk since 1836; but in 1845\\nhe took Nelson into partnership, the firm name being R. P. Kent\\nCo. This partnership only lasted three years, when R. P. Kent\\nbecame the sole owner of the store until 1862, when he took his\\nbrother Nelson and his son, Edward R. Kent, into partnership, as\\nR. P. Kent, Son Co. After seven years Nelson retired to form\\na partnership with John W. Spaulding. The old firm since that\\ntime has been known as R. P. Kent Son. Mr. Kent, from his\\nfirst venture in business in Lancaster, always kept what was known\\nas a general store his stock including almost everything on the\\nmarket. Having for many years carried a heavy stock of stoves\\nand tinware, also doing tin work, he made that a separate depart-\\nment in 1865, and took Erastus V. Cobleigh into partnership with\\nhim under the firm name of Kent Cobleigh. This partnership\\nlasted until 1882, when Mr. Kent sold his interest in the hardware\\nbusiness, and the firm became Cobleigh Moore.\\nMr. Kent was, at the time of his death, the oldest merchant in\\ntow^n, having been in business on his own account for fifty-seven\\nyears, and as clerk three years in Lancaster, and sixty-five years\\nfrom his first service as clerk in a store at Lyman. The only one\\nwho has been in mercantile pursuits a longer time in the town is his\\nbrother Nelson, who has been behind the counter in stores over\\nsixty years.\\nR. P. Kent was, with Gen. John Wilson, Royal Joyslin, and Apolos\\nPerkins, a partner in the publication of the White Mountain yEgis,\\nthe first newspaper published in the town in 1838. From 1841 to\\n1885 he kept a diary, in which events that engaged the attention\\nof men in town, state, or nation were recorded. In this way he\\nsaved much of local history from uncertainty, if not oblivion.\\nHe says of mercantile business soon after he came to Lancaster\\nNearly all our early sales were made on credit or barter. During my four\\nyears with Mr. Joyslin we bought 3,000 bushels of ashes yearly, which we\\nworked into potash and pearlash, mostly the latter, which netted about $800\\nby their sale in Boston. Large quantities of grain were brought in by farmers,\\nmuch of which we had, often, to carry over one season. The weavil appeared in\\nthe Connecticut valley in 1831, and through the destruction of the winter crop\\nwe sold one thousand bushels of wheat at one dollar per bushel in the winter of\\n1 83 1. Large dairies were kept those times and most of the milk was made into\\ncheese, which we marketed chiefly at Rutland, Vt.\\nMr. Kent for over forty years never missed making his regular\\nsemi-annual trips to Boston for the selection of goods; and even\\nafter commercial travelers were on the road with their samples, or", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "MERCANTILE ENTERPRISES AND MERCHANTS. 367\\nit had become possible for merchants to order by mail, he still\\nvisited the wholesale houses and selected his stocks. He was one\\nof the most careful and persistent of men. He met with many\\nlosses from casualties, and the failure or dishonesty of debtors, but\\nnever pined over them. Full of courage, purpose, and confidence\\nin the integrity of business men with whom he had to deal, he went\\non about the business he loved, and made a success of it.\\nAfter the death of R. P. Kent his son, Edward R. Kent, continued\\nunder the same name. (Its business was closed in 1898, by reason\\nof ill health of the remaining partner.)\\nKent Spauldtiig, Kent G7-iszvoId, Kent d: Roberts.\\nWhen Nelson Kent retired from the firm of R. P. Kent Co., in\\n1869, he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, John W.\\nSpaulding, under the firm name of Kent Spaulding. They kept\\nonly dry goods, and for a number of years did a good business.\\nMr. Spaulding retired from the firm after a few years to engage in\\nother business, when Charles L. Griswold, from St. Johnsbury, Vt.,\\nwho had been a clerk in the store of R. P. Kent Co. for a number\\nof years, succeeded Mr. Spaulding as a member of the firm of Kent\\nGriswold. Mr. Griswold, who was son-in-law of Mr. Kent, died\\nin 1883, and Mr. Kent took into partnership with him Burleigh\\nRoberts, who remains in that connection with him still. (1897).\\nyames A. Smith. One of the first men, a native of the town,\\nto make a success of mercantile business was James A. Smith,\\nson of Allen Smith, for many years a leading saddler and harness-\\nmaker of Lancaster. James A. Smith began business in Reuben\\nStephenson s house, corner of Main and Middle streets, but later\\nbuilt and moved into the building on Main street where he re-\\nmained the rest of his life. His store occupied the site of S. Rines s\\nblacksmith shop. Here for about forty years Mr. Smith carried on\\na very successful business. He was a careful and sagacious man.\\nHosea Gray. One of the most successful men of Lancaster\\nwas the late Hosea Gray. For many years he conducted a freight-\\ning business between Lancaster and Portland, Me. On one of\\nhis trips he had the misfortune to get a leg broken, which made\\na change of work necessary. He opened a store in the Reuben\\nStephenson building, corner of Main and Middle streets. This old\\nbuilding was later moved to High street and converted into a\\ndwelling house, and is now owned and occupied by Thomas C.\\nCarbee. Mr. Gray s success as a merchant was so great that he\\nsoon had to seek larger quarters to accommodate his growing\\ntrade. He moved into the old Cargill store, where the Evans build-\\ning now is, in 1857. Here for a number of years he remained.\\nIn addition to his store he bought cattle and drove them to the large\\nmarkets. During the period of the war, and later, he bought up", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "368 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe bulk of the potato starch, then being made in large quantities\\nin the region, and held it for a rise in price, which soon came and\\nhe made a fortune out of the transaction. For nearly fifty years\\nhe was one of Lancaster s most successful business men. He died\\nAugust 27, 1882.\\nBesides these there were many others who ventured in mercantile\\npursuits, and either finding them less profitable or themselves little\\nadapted to them, failed or went out of trade for something else.\\nAmong them were the following\\nR. L. Adams and Oliver Nutter, who were merchants for a time.\\nCharles Bellows, a son of Josiah Bellows, 2d. He bought almost\\nanything that promised a bargain, and in that way carried on quite\\na successful business for many years. G. F. Hartwell had a store\\na short time on the corner of Main and Bridge streets, where E.\\nSullivan s house now stands. His venture was not a success.\\nDavid Burnside was in business here for many years. He was a\\ntanner by trade. He made a good property loaning money and\\nowning and renting real estate in the village. He was interested in\\na variety of enterprises, and in all of them he was successful. His\\nson, David A. Burnside, was a merchant in company with Sabin C.\\nWoolson, and afterwards proprietor of the Lancaster House. Orrin\\nTubbs conducted a store on the site of the Amey House for some\\ntime, but it was one of the short-lived enterprises of the town.\\nFor some years S. G. Evans run a store in the Evans block. Be-\\nsides these there were many other ventures in the mercantile line.\\nBookstores. Few enterprises in Lancaster are more worthy a\\nplace in its history than the book trade. For fifty years few towns\\nof its size could boast larger stocks to select from than those car-\\nried in Lancaster.\\nSo far as can be learned, the first stock of miscellaneous books\\nbrought to town was by Perkins Company, publishers of the\\nWhite Mountain yEgis, in 1838. Previous to that time some of\\nthe merchants, had carried a small stock of school books, Bibles,\\nand religious books. After this first newspaper got fairly estab-\\nlished it began carrying a considerable list of publications.\\nWhen James M. Rix began to publish the Coos County Demo-\\ncrat in 1838, he brought to Lancaster a very fine stock. Mr. Rix\\nwas a lover of books, and interested himself in getting his neigh-\\nbors to read the very best volumes in print. His favorite way of\\ncalling attention to a new stock was to head the lists in the Demo-\\ncrat, Books that are Books. Mr. Rix carried also a stock of\\nYankee notions, medicines, and garden seeds. He first estab-\\nlished his bookstore in the south end of Wells building, where the\\nKent building now is, then in the Hartwell store which had been\\nmoved down from the North End, to the site of P. J. Noyes s block..", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 369\\nThis Store was burned January 8, 1848, by which fire he lost\\n$1,400, with $500 insurance on his stock. He next moved into\\nthe building occupied by I. W. Quimby s shoe store, now a part\\nof Syndicate Block, on Main street. Here he continued his trade\\nin books until the time of his death in 1856. He did much to\\nencourage and cultivate a taste for good literature in the town.\\nHis own private library was large and of the very choicest of books.\\nThe next book store in town was kept in connection with a\\ndrug store by Dr. John W. Barney and George F. Hartwell, where\\nColby s drug store now stands. Hartwell retired from the business\\nin a few years, and Barney conducted it alone a short time, when he\\nsold it to Edward Savage, who in turn run it a few years and sold to\\nthe late Dr. Frank A. Colby and E. B. Hamlin. Colby and Hamlin\\nonly run the store for two years, when they closed out their stock of\\nmiscellaneous books, but continued to carry school-books.\\nP. J. Noyes and others carried stocks of school-books also until\\n1882, when the school laws were changed so as to require free text-\\nbooks to be purchased by the school officers.\\nIn 1882 George H. Colby opened a book-store in his brother s\\ndrug store. After a time he occupied the second story of that\\nbuilding with a large stock of books and stationery. He later\\nmoved into the Hazeltine building on Main street, remaining only\\na short time, when he moved into the Hartshorn block on Main\\nstreet. Here for a number of years he carried a large stock of\\nbooks and stationery. In 1894 he moved his store into the McGee\\nbuilding on Middle street, where he now is with a lar^e stock of\\ngoods.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nMANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES OF THE TOWN FROM ITS SET-\\nTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME.\\nFoT AND Pearl Ashes Cloth and Clothing Clothing Mills and Tailors\\nTanners Shoemakers Gunsmiths Furniture Factories Piano\\nSounding Boards Blacksmiths Wagon Makers or Wheelwrights\\nClock Factory Harness Makers Hatters Mills Grist-mills and\\nSawmills Door, Sash, and Blind Factories Strawboard Mills\\nStarch Factories Thompson Manufacturing Co. File Factories\\nDiamond Granite Works.\\nPot and Pearl Ashes. Aside from hunting and trapping fur-\\nbearing animals and the moose, whose pelt afforded good leather,\\nthe making of pot and pearl ashes was the first industry that\\nafforded the early settlers with an article of commerce to exchange\\nin the markets for the limited stock of goods brought here. The\\n24", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "370 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nland was heavily timbered, and during the winter months burning it\\nfor ashes to sell at the stores was a common occupation for men\\nand boys for many years. The merchants traded goods for them,\\nand then leached and boiled the lye into a dark salts, sometimes\\nreferred to as salts of lye. This salts was treated to a second\\nprocess, which made the pearl ash (Potassii Carhonas Ini^tira.,\\nU. S. P-)- Gen. John Wilson had a pearlash in the rear of\\nI. W. Drew s house on Indian Brook the Cargill store had one\\nsome twenty rods south of Wilson s, near the same stream, used\\nalso by Thomas Carlisle when he was in business at that end of the\\nvillage; Benjamin Boardman had his pearlash just opposite the\\nstone house of I. W. Hopkinson on Main street; Reuben Stephen-\\nson had one a little off Middle street, near where L. F. Moore s\\nback store stands and Samuel White had his on the south side of\\nthe river near the bridge. The late Richard P. Kent wrote in his\\nPersonal Memoranda, that from 1828 to 1832, while he was a part-\\nner of Royal Joyslin, they took in trade three thousand bushels of\\nashes a year. The business soon began to decline after that date,\\nand has long since been given up. It is now only known as a prim-\\nitive and crude product and business of the pioneer age of the town.\\nThe early settlers of the town were by necessity compelled to\\nmake such articles of apparel, furniture, and implements as they\\nused, because they were so far from the markets as to make it prac-\\ntically impossible to buy all these things, even if they had been\\nfor sale. The first load of goods brought to town by Gen.\\nEdwards Bucknam cost more for transportation than they were\\nbilled at and these had to be bartered for furs and skins mainly.\\nFortunately those early pioneers possessed skill enough to build\\ntheir own houses, dress skins and furs, spin and weave cloth, and\\nmake their own clothes. As the community grew in numbers and\\nresources, more skilled artisans migrated here and found employ-\\nment at their various trades.\\nThe Mannfachire of Cloth and Clothing. Until about 1820,\\nnearly all the cloth worn in Lancaster was made by hand in the\\nhomes of the people. They spun the wool, the flax, and the tow,\\nand wove it in their own looms. They colored the yarn or cloth,\\nlargely by the use of barks and a few simple chemicals. For many\\nyears the wool and flax were even carded by hand. About 1820,\\nwhat was known as cotton yarn began to be carried in stock by\\nthe merchants. This was used chiefly as warp in the weaving of a\\nvariety of mixed cloths, and its use was hailed by the hard-worked\\nhousewives as a boon, for it saved half the work of carding and\\nspinning, and it made, in some respects, a finer article of clothing\\nthan the former fabrics.\\nThe various processes of spinning, weaving, coloring the cloth,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 37 I\\nand making the garments came in alternating seasons. The wool\\nwas spun during the early summer, woven and dyed in the fall, and\\nmade up in the early autumn, which put everybody into their\\nwoolen clothes ready to brave the winter, while on the other hand\\nthe flax and tow were dressed in winter, spun, woven, and made up\\nready for their adoption on the approach of warm weather in the\\nspring.\\nCloth Mills. As early as 1805, Richard C. Everett, who was\\na man of considerable means, enterprising and public-spirited,\\nerected a large grist-mill nearly on the site of the present sawmill on\\nIsreals river, in which he did also carding of wool and fulling or\\ndressing cloth for those who made it and brought it to the mill to be\\ntreated. This was called a cloth mill, and for half a century these\\nmills were common. The Isreals River Manufacturing Company\\nlater for many years occupied this site, known as the fulling mill.\\nIn 181 5 Asahel Going erected a cloth mill on the branch of the\\nriver below the Main Street bridge, on what is now Water street,\\nabout on the site of the present furniture factory. This mill did a\\ngood business until about 1839, when it fell into the hands of Fred-\\nerick Fisk, who converted it into a pail factory, and which factory\\nlater became a starch mill run by Fisk Tillotson (Frederick Fisk\\nand John M. Tillotson), and after the starch business was aban-\\ndoned was converted into a furniture factory by N. H. Richardson,\\nwho still runs it as such. Wool carding is still carried on by N. W.\\nHartford on Canal street, where rolls are also kept for sale by him.\\nTailors. Just when tailors made their advent in Lancaster is not\\nnow known. The first to follow the business were no doubt simply\\nseamstresses who developed superior skill in cutting and planning\\ngarments. After a time professional or skilled tailors came to town.\\nThese, at first, went from house to house, cutting and fitting the\\nmore difificult or finer garments. They w^ere often accompanied by\\nsewing women, who made the articles up after they were cut.\\nThe tailor simply took the measures, planned and cut, and then\\nwould go to the next house, followed in time by the tailoress or\\nseamstress.\\nThe first person to open a regular tailor shop in town was George\\nW. Perkins, some time before 1823. Since then Lancaster has\\nnever been without a good tailoring establishment. The successors\\nof Perkins have been his son-in-law, George W. Ingerson, Harrison\\nCopp, Jacob Windus the German tailor, Woolson Co., Robert\\nSawyer, l^elson Sparks, T. S. Underwood Son, Lane Clothing Co.\\n(ready-made clothing), and Christian Deitrich. The last three are\\nstill in business here.\\nReady-made clothing, of late years, has limited the trade of the\\ntailors materially, while large stocks of that class of goods are car-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "372 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nried by several houses, R. P. Kent Son, Lane Clothing Co.,\\nKent Roberts, and W. C. Sherburne.\\nTanneries. One of the earliest industries of an} community is\\nthat of manufacturing leather for foot wear. Just when, and under\\nwhat circumstances, the art was introduced into Lancaster cannot\\nnow be satisfactorily determined. That hides were tanned at a very\\nearly date we know, and that there were men who made it a\\nbusiness at or before the beginning of this century. Lieut. Dennis\\nStanley, who came to Lancaster about 1777 or 1778, was a tanner.\\nHe dressed moose skins for clothing and tanned hides for leather.\\nFollowing him were Asa Burnap, Jonas Batchelor, William Weeks\\nMoore, and David Burnside. Burnside s tannery was in operation\\nwithin the memory of many persons still living. It was on Elm\\nstreet, where the creamery now stands, his dwelling adjoining the\\nyard on the west.\\nShoemakers. One among the first to be needed in a new settle-\\nment is the shoemaker. Some of the pioneer settlers of Lancaster\\nwere able to make shoes and moccasins, then called moggasheens.\\nJust previous to the beginning of this century there were a num-\\nber of shoemakers, who went from house to house, making up for\\nthe people the leather they had tanned from the skins of the animals\\nused for food.\\nIn January, 1786, John Johnson made shoes for Gen. Edwards\\nBucknam three days, and received four shillings {66 2-3 cents).\\nI have before me a bill of William Brown, shoemaker, against\\nGen. Edwards Bucknam, and reproduce it here in order that the\\npresent generation may see what the shoemaker s art could com-\\nmand in wages nearly a century ago.\\nEdwards Bucknam, To William Brown, Dr.\\nI- Sh. p.\\nMarch 23, 1797. To Making one pr of boots for selt, 7\\nTo Making one pr shoes for Son gorg 3\\nTo Foxing one pr shoes for Suesy 19\\nTo Soling and meneng one pr Shoes for gorg, i 3\\nTo Making one pr Shoes for Suesy 3\\nMay 13, 1797. To Mending one pr Boots for Self 9\\nTo one piece of Nankeen 12\\nTo Making one pr shoes for son Edward 3\\nPolly hartwell to Making one pr Shoes 3\\nWm. hartwell one pr Do 3\\nTo Foxing one pr for Do 19\\nReceived pay, Wm. Brown \u00c2\u00a3.1 15 6.\\nJuly 3, 1797, By cash one Dollar 6\\nTwo years later John Weeks was making shoes for General Buck-\\nnam. From these dates on down into this century the leading\\nshoemakers were: Josiah Smith, Samuel Hunnex, Samuel Went-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 373\\nworth, John Dow, Heber Blanchard, Coffin Moore, Orange Smith,\\nShepherd Knight, and others named elsewhere.\\nThe first stock of ready-made shoes offered in Lancaster was\\nbrought here by Hartford Sweet in 1846. Since then that class of\\ngoods has steadily and irresistibly reduced the shoemaker almost to\\na mender of shoes. Lancaster to-day, with over 5,000 population,\\nhas not as many shoemakers as it had when the population was only\\none tenth as large.\\nGunsmiths. In the settlement of almost every community in\\nNew England, the gun was an indispensable instrument. If not\\ncalled into use to defend the settler s home from savage Indians or\\njealous rivals seeking the conquest of territory for different rulers,\\nit certainly was often relied upon to supply his table with meat. A\\nfamily without a gun, in the first fifty years of the settlement of the\\ntown, was sadly handicapped in this respect. The first person to\\ntinker guns and make them as a trade, was Isaac Darby, familiarly\\nknown as Squire Darby, the miller. He attended the old Wilder\\nmill, and while the grist was grinding mended the guns that were out\\nof order, or perhaps worked upon a new one. It is said by some,\\nstill living, who used his guns, that they were of a very good qual-\\nity of workmanship. At all events they had an enviable reputation.\\nSquire Darby could use a gun with deadly effect, if traditidn is\\nto be relied upon. He was a noted hunter of bears, and many of\\nthem yielded to his deadly fire with one of his long guns.\\nAnother gunsmith of great notoriety was one Thomas Morse, a\\nPennsylvania Dutchman, who had his shop on Sand Hill, formerly\\nthe meeting-house common. He made many guns of a superior\\nquality, which won for him fame that is not even now forgotten. It\\nis said that the late Hiram A. Fletcher, at the time of his death,\\nowned seventeen of the guns made by Morse, which he had picked\\nup and held as relics of the past.\\nDaniel T. Johnson Tiger Johnson), who died in the military\\nservice during the Rebellion, was also a gunsmith.\\nFurniture Manufacturing. What kind of, and how much, fur-\\nniture the first settlers had we are not quite sure, but that it was\\nsimple and scanty may well be imagined when we consider that\\nthey were more than fifty miles from any market where furniture\\ncould be purchased. Undoubtedly, some articles of a simple and\\nrude quality must have been used by the first and second genera-\\ntions of the town s inhabitants. None of such articles, however, are\\nin existence to-day. Very early in the present century, tradition\\nmakes it about 18 14, Samuel Philbrook came to Lancaster, and\\nlocated on Mill Brook, south of the village, on the road to South\\nLancaster, and began to manufacture furniture. He erected what\\nwas then called a cabinet maker s shop, for the manufacture, on", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "374 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\na pretty large scale, of chairs, tables, light-stands, bedsteads, and\\nbureaus. Many of these articles are still in existence, and doing as\\ngood service as if just from some great modern factory. Walnut and\\nwild cherry timber were very plenty in those days, and Mr. Phil-\\nbrook used it chiefly in the construction of his furniture.\\nIn 1820, Francis Bingham from Charlestown, N. H., located in\\nthe village for the manufacture of furniture. He opened a cabinet-\\nmaker s shop on Elm street, next west of where the Burnside house\\nnow stands. He conducted a very successful business there for\\nmany years. He sold out to Oliver W. Baker to take charge of the\\nFairbanks shops at St. Johnsbury, Vt. Mr. Baker continued the\\nbusiness for some time.\\nAt a later date Orville E. Freeman and Anderson J. Marshall\\nconducted furniture manufacturing successfully for a number of ears.\\nHarvey Nutting and Samuel W. Brown had a furniture factory in the\\nsecond story of the foundry building on Middle street for a number\\nof years, in which they were successful manfacturers. Some articles\\nof all these factories are yet to be seen in the older families, and in\\ngarrets, where they have been doomed to lie neglected for newer\\nstyles that have taken their place.\\nIn 1867, N. H. Richardson and his brother, H. R., came to Lan-\\ncaster and bought out Nutting s interest in the starch factory on\\nCanal street, which business they conducted until burnt out in the\\nfire that destroyed the starch mill, peg mills, and other buildings.\\nThey later bought the old starch mill property on Water street.\\nHere they did a good business, making a fine line of furniture\\nthat found a ready market. Mr. N. H. Richardson took W. R.\\nPorter into partnership later. The firm of Richardson Porter\\ncontinued to do a good business until the fall of 1895, when they\\nbecame heavily involved, and made an assignment. The property\\nwas bought up by Fred E. Richardson, a son of N. H. Richardson,\\nand is now conducted by him.\\nEben C. Garland Sons built a sawmill and furniture factory on\\nGreat Brook about 1865, for the manufacture of hard wood lumber,\\nchairs, and casks for potato starch. They also used steam power,\\nand for several years did a good business. Their mill was burned.\\nThey rebuilt, but their losses, and the building of the Kilkenny rail-\\nroad led to the speedy depletion of the tract of timber upon which\\nthey relied, and they finally failed.\\nPiano Soimding-Boay ds. In 1850, John H. Spaulding built a\\nsawmill in the eastern part of the town, just beyond the Great\\nRock; and after running it only a few years sold it to John M.\\nWhipple, who converted it into a factor} for making sounding-\\nboards for pianos. The plant was a very good one for some years\\nbut Mr. Whipple finally gave his attention to the manufacture of", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 375\\nhard wood sheathing, a business that has been a profitable one in\\nthis section of country.\\nBlacksiniths. Just at what time the first blacksmith established\\nhis shop in Lancaster is not known but tradition informs us that it\\nwas near the Holton place, at the north end of Main street. Col.\\nSylvanus Chessman was for many years the only blacksmith of the\\ntown, and for many more years the leading one. In those days the\\nblacksmith s trade was a laborious one, and called for much more\\nskill than it does to-day. His material was not so well prepared for\\nhim as it is for the blacksmith of to-day. He forged and turned his\\nown horseshoes, made the nails to fasten them on with he made\\nnails for the use of carpenters and joiners the axes, hoes, and plow-\\nirons were in many instances of the local blacksmith s manufacture.\\nWarren Porter was skilled in making edge tools. His sign\\nwas a broad axe, the symbol of his skill in the making of such im-\\nportant implements. His shop was on Main street, nearly opposite\\nhis house. He followed Mr. Chessman.\\nThe next to follow that trade in town after Warren Porter were\\nBenjamin Bishop, Abel Porter, John Moore, Benjamin Adams, l./\\nHarvey Adams, and Samuel Rines. Benjamin Adams had his shop\\non the Aaron Guernsey place, three miles below the village. He\\nwas noted for the excellent quality of hoes he made. He branched\\nout on one occasion and distilled potato whiskey on a limited scale\\nin addition to his trade. His whiskey never won him half the fame\\nhis hoes, shovels, and hay-forks did.\\nSamuel Rines, whose shop stood where the J. A. Smith store\\nbuilding now does, was among the early village blacksmiths. For\\nmany years he conducted a shop on that site, and later became in-\\nterested in a sawmill standing just east of where the grist-mill now\\nis, on the north side of the river. He made a plow that won\\nfame for him; abandoning his old stand, he erected a foundry\\nand shop near the sawmill, and devoted much of his time to the\\nmanufacture of his plow. He purchased the land between Middle\\nstreet and the river, including the mill site and the old mill-house\\nwhich stood where William Clough s house now does, and built a\\nlarge two-story factory, extending from Middle street to the water.\\nIn the end next the street, on the first floor, he established his foun-\\ndry, the first one in Lancaster. In the other end of the building,\\non the same floor, he set up lathes, planers, and other tools and\\nmachinery. Here he did business for many years under the firm\\nname of S. W. M. Rines. Webster M. Rines was his son, and\\nafterwards ran a sanitarium in Delaware, where he died recently.\\nThe firm made great numbers of the celebrated plows, which found\\nready market far and near. Some of the older farmers now living\\nremember the plow, and speak of it as a fine implement. This", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "1^6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nshop was succeeded by J. I. Williams Co., and Thompson, Wil-\\nliams Co., predecessors of the Thompson Manufacturing Co.\\nHarvey Adams had shops at various places about the village, but\\nwhile running his shop on the south side of the river, near the old\\ncarding- and fulling-mills, he did his most successful business as a\\nblacksmith. He is still remembered by the older citizens as a good\\nworkman and a good citizen. His blacksmithing was of a general\\nrange, making and mending all sorts of things. This stand has\\nbeen occupied by a smithy ever since he established his there,\\nreplacing an old pot and pearl ashery. Mr. Adams later became\\na wagon maker, and will be mentioned again as such. Since his time\\nthere have always been from two to three shops in the village,\\nbut the character of the work now done in blacksmith shops does\\nnot rank them among manufacturies.\\nWagon Alakers and Wheehvrights. Abijah Darby was the\\npioneer wagon maker of the town. He followed the business for\\nmany years, making carts and wagons he did repairing also. He\\nalso made the famous Portland sleighs, at one time the most aris-\\ntocratic vehicle in use in this land of long winters and fine sleighing.\\nThe business in the hands of Mr. Darby became an important indus-\\ntry. When he reached an advanced age he sold out to Levi Wil-\\nlard, Jr., in 1822, who was for a long time the leading wagon maker\\nof the town, extending the business to a wider range of vehicles\\nthan Darby had made.\\nIn 1830 Stephen Hadley opened a shop as a wheelwright on the\\nsite of Samuel White s old pearl ashery, where the Monahan shop\\nnow stands. He conducted a fairly successful business there for ten\\nyears, selling out to Frederick Fisk in 1841, who did business here\\nfor only a short time when he was succeeded by Harvey Adams,\\nthe blacksmith before mentioned. Mr. Adams manufactured\\nwagons, sleighs, hoes, and hay forks, and would have been very\\nsuccessful had it not been foK repeated fires and freshets that ravaged\\nhis shops. He lost heavily from those sources. In those days\\nmuch of the water of Isreals river, in times of freshets, came\\ndown the old channel between Mechanic street and the hill south of\\nit and entered the main stream between Mr. Adams s shop and the\\nbridge. He was thus badly exposed, and consequently lost much\\nfrom that source. He was finally compelled to relinquish the busi-\\nness.\\nAbout this time one Edward Dufoe, a noted violinist and favorite\\nat all the dances of the region, who had married into the Stanley\\nfamily of the town, had a shop on Main street, where the lawn of\\nGeorge Van Dyke now is, in which he made wagons and carriages.\\nHe was the first carriage maker to make use of the eliptical springs\\non his vehicles. Previous to that time the only spring in use was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 377\\nwhat was called the thorough brace; the device of leather had its\\nday, doing good service, no doubt, but destined to yield to progres-\\nsive ideas of comfort.\\nIn 1840 James W. Weeks entered into partnership with Ashbel\\nPierce, an experienced workman from Claremont, N. H., for the\\nmanufacture of wagons and buggies. They located on the site now\\noccupied by the large store building of L. F. Moore on Middle\\nstreet. After some three or four years, not finding the business a\\npaying one, Mr. Weeks bought out his partner and closed the fac-\\ntory, with the exception of keeping one or two men on repair work.\\nIn 1847 he sold the stand to the late Anderson J. Marshall, who\\nmade it profitable. In 1852 it was destroyed by fire. He rebuilt\\nthe factory on a larger scale, and continued to do a thriving bus-\\niness until his retirement from active life. The plant was continued\\nby Antipas P. Marshall, his son, and George R. Eaton, doing good\\nwork, but on declining profits, as they had to compete with larger\\nfactories that were then flooding the country. They had to discon-\\ntinue the business after a short time, and the old factory stood idle\\nuntil 1895, when it was pulled down and replaced by one of the\\nlargest and best appointed store buildings in northern New Eng-\\nland L. F. Moore s hardware store.\\nLater, Parcher Brothers sold carriages and sleighs here. Beyond\\nrepair work there is little done in the trade of the wagon maker or\\ncarriage maker in Lancaster to-day.\\nClocks. It is a matter of curious interest that Lancaster once\\nhad in its bounds a real, live Yankee clockmaker who for a time\\ndid a good business. At the beginning of this century Yankee\\ngenius ran to clocks as naturally as ducks take to water. Nearly\\nevery New England village of any prominence about that time had\\na clock factory in it. One Samuel Wright located here in 1808,\\nfor the manufacture of clocks, and we are informed by tradition that\\nhe did well for some years, until the larger factories using machinery\\ncould produce and sell cheaper clocks than he could make by hand.\\nThe business soon gave way to the regular trade, as at present con-\\nducted by the so-called watchmaker and jeweler, who are rather\\nrepairers of such articles than makers of them. John W. Williard\\nopened a watchmaker s shop in 1825, which he conducted for some\\nyears. William Purington was the next to follow the business in\\ntown. He worked in a little yellow shop standing on the lot now\\noccupied by the residence of the late Charles E. Allen, as early as\\n1837. His house is now standing on Cemetery street near the Bos-\\nton Maine railroad depot, on the south side of the street. It has\\nbeen somewhat remodeled, but is in outline the same as when Pur-\\nington occupied it.\\nAfter Purington, Charles B. Allen, who succeeded him and who", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "378 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbought his shop, then standing on the site of Eagle block, George\\nA. Martin, Charles E. Allen, W. I. Hatch, J. M. Kimball, Whitcomb\\nBrothers, and Charles Morse hav^e been in the business. Mr. Hatch,\\nthe Whitcomb Brothers, and Morse are now in trade here, carrying\\nlarge stocks of goods and doing repair work. Others have, for brief\\nperiods, followed this line but these named have been the chief\\nrepresentatives of the watchmakers and jewelers craft in Lancas-\\nter.\\nHarness Makers and Saddlers. It was not until about 1808 that\\nLancaster became large enough to present attractions to saddlers\\nand harness makers to locate here. In that year Jonathan Carleton\\nopened a saddler s shop in the village, and for a number of years\\nconducted the business with reasonable success for a small com-\\nmunity.\\nThe next person to engage in this work in Lancaster was Allen\\nSmith. He was from Hanover, N. H., but learned his trade in Ha-\\nverhill, N. H. On the breaking out of the War of 1812 he enlisted\\nas a drummer, serving the term of that war faithfully. On being\\ndischarged he came at once to Lancaster and opened a shop on the\\nsite now the lawn of the stone house owned by I. W. Hopkinson\\non Main street. He married Adaline, daughter of Daniel Perkins,\\nand lived for many years where Odd Fellows block now is. He was\\na zealous Methodist, and his house was the home of the itinerant\\npreachers of that sect.\\nThe next person to open a shop here was Horace Whitcomb,\\nwho long years was a harness maker of prominence in town. He\\ncame here from Newbury, Vt., was at one time colonel of the\\nregiment, and always active in the affairs of the Congregational\\nchurch. His first shop was near the north end of the Stockwell\\nbridge, by the Lancaster National bank, and later on Middle street\\nnext east of Richardson block; his home is still standing next east\\nof Masonic Temple on Mechanic street.\\nLater Charles F. Colby did work for some years. For a number\\nof years Charles Howe, who succeeded his father, Charles Howe,\\nwho came from Concord, Vt, has been the leading harness maker,\\ndoing well since 1866. For several years A. E. Stratton conducted\\na harness maker s shop on Middle street, but on account of poor\\nhealth gave up business in the winter of 1895, died the follow-\\ning July.\\nHatters. During the first half of this century hats were made in\\nalmost every village of any size throughout the country. Lancaster\\nhad a succession of prominent and skilled hatters during that time.\\nThe first to follow that trade in town was Frederick Messer, who\\nmade his own felts from lamb s wool or furs, shaped and finished\\nthem ready for the market. Messer s shop stood very nearly in", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "Allen Smith.\\nJoseph Farnham.\\nJohn Staluird.\\nAlonzo p. Freeman.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 379\\nMain street, in front of James McCarten s blacksmith shop, on what\\nis now the corner of Main and Mechanic streets. Here at the foot\\nof the steep hill, up which ran the wooden stairs to the plain upon\\nwhich the old meeting-house stood, he made hats for many years.\\nThe next hatter was Ephraim Cross, followed by Isaac B. Gorham.\\nTheir shop was located near the north end of Stockwell s bridge over\\nIsreals river, in a building on the site of the present Colby block.\\nHere Gorham long followed his trade. I find his illustrated adver-\\ntisement in the first issue of the White Mountain ySgis, published on\\nMay 22, 1838, in which he returns thanks to his patrons for their\\ntrade for three preceding years, from which we learn that he was\\nestablished here as early as 1835. The styles are gorgeous, judg-\\ning from the cuts that accompany the offer of his wares. He built\\nthe house next south of the Methodist church on Main street, about\\n1839. Ephraim Cross carried on the business later in a shop on his\\nown lot near the corner of Main and High streets for some years.\\nHats began to find their way into the regular channels of trade\\nabout 1840. As factories arose throughout the country and made\\ncheap and stylish hats, they gradually forced the oldtime hatter to\\nthe wall.\\nGi ist-mills and Sazvmills. One of the most interesting chap-\\nters in the history of the town is that concerning its mills. When\\nthe town was laid out, the water privileges on Isreals river were re-\\nserved as public property. The letting of them for building mills\\nhas therefore become a matter of public record. Their history is a\\npart of the public acts of the town.\\nThe first settlers had to bring their flour and meal from Haver-\\nhill, N. H., or subsist upon samp, which was simply coarsely\\nbroken corn. Every family had its samp mortar and pestle,\\nmounted in or near the house. This device consisted of a log of\\nwood about three feet long, hollowed out at one end in the shape of\\na mortar, into which the corn, or whatever else was to be ground\\nand cracked by a pestle, worked either by hand or mounted on a\\nspring pole. This only broke the grain into coarse fragments,\\nsomewhat like hominy; but it remained for a long time the chief\\nfood of the settlers, even after mills were in operation.\\nThe first mill of any pretensions was run by horse power; but it\\nwas a failure, and was soon abandoned.\\nTo David Page belongs the credit of building the first mill and\\nsawmill in the town. As early as 1766, only two years after the\\nsettling of the town, money was voted for building a mill on Isreals\\nriver, but probably the sum was so small as to discourage anyone\\nfrom undertaking the task. At all events, no mill was then built on\\nthe river. David Page built, on his own account, a grist-mill and\\nsawmill on Indian brook, just back of the Thomas Hicks place, tak-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "3 So HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ning advantage of an old beaver dam as affording the cheapest and\\nbest water power. These mills were erected in 1770, and were de-\\nstroyed by fire in a few years. Tradition says that he rebuilt them,\\nand that they were burned a second time but of this I can find no\\nproof. There is in existence, and I have it before me, a memoran-\\ndum of appropriations by the town while Gen. Edwards Bucknam\\nwas town clerk. It is in his handwriting, and must be regarded as\\ngenuine. This memorandum says that the town voted to pay David\\nPage thirty pounds to rebuild a mill that was burned. It is supposed,\\ntherefore, that it applied to the second mills. David Page gave\\nEdwards Bucknam, collector for the proprietors of Lancaster, a\\nreceipt for sixty-six pounds lawful money paid to him June 13,\\n1775, for mills he had built. These must have been the second\\nmills on Indian brook, and the money voted as an indemnity to\\ncover losses sustained in his efforts to serve the public, for at a\\ntown-meeting held at the house of Edwards Bucknam June 8, 1773, it\\nwas voted to raise eighty-six pounds for mills on Isreals river. This\\nappropriation was paid to David Page, Oct. 19, 1778, the receipt for\\nwhich is before me. The mills for which this money was paid were\\non the south branch of Isreals river, running at that time at the\\nfoot of Sand hill, and forming an island of the high ground along\\nMechanic street, later known as Chessman s island. Page s mills on\\nIsreals river stood just back of the dwelling-house of John Palmer.\\nTradition, confirmed by indications, say that at that time this south-\\nern channel of the river was the larger of the two. This mill was\\nso far an assured matter on April 17, 1773, that David Page leased\\nit to Hezekiah Fuller, the articles of agreement of which lease are\\nbefore me. It was signed by Page in his remarkably poor and pe-\\nculiar handwriting, and Fuller made his mark to his name written\\nin the handwriting of Timothy Nash, Jr., who was one of the wit-\\nnesses, Samuel Page being the other one. As is seen, the eighty-\\nsix pounds were not appropriated until on the thirteenth of the June\\nfollowing this transaction nor was the money paid until more than\\nthree years later. This was owing, no doubt, to the fact that the\\nnon-resident taxpayers failed to pay their taxes. Edwards Buck-\\nnam, collector, notified them that if they did not pay up, their lands\\nwould be advertised for sale in the Nezv Hampshire Gazette on\\nthe tax of Aug. 10, 1774, to pay David Page for rebuilding the\\nmills on Indian brook, and the tax of June 8, 1773, to pay Page for\\nrebuilding on Isreals river.\\nThis mill of Page s on Isreals river must have been a poorly con-\\nstructed one, especially its dam, for we find Page and Fuller appeal-\\ning for help to rebuild the dam on Sept. 8, 1777. There is a tradi-\\ntion that this mill was burned but I can find no confirmation of it.\\nThe mill was either destroyed or fell into decay at an early date.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 38 I\\nRemnants of the mill and dam existed within the memory of several\\nold men with whom I conversed in regard to it.\\n77/1? Wilder Mills. Major Jonas Wilder, a man of considerable\\nwealth for those days, came to Lancaster in 1778. He was public-\\nspirited, and full of enterprise. In 1781 he built a grist-mill and\\nsawmill on Isreals river just above the granite works of V. V. Whit-\\nney. These mills were in operation for a long time, doing a suc-\\ncessful business. Here Squire Darby tended mill for many a\\nyear. He is still remembered by some of the oldest men as a\\ngenial and ingenious man.\\nThis mill of Wilder s underwent extensive repairs in 181 7, and\\nafter that time was known as the Wesson mill. The residence of\\nthe miller, called The Mill House, stood on the site of the tracks\\nof the Maine Central railroad near Middle street. Near where the\\npresent railroad track runs there was a steep road down to the mills.\\nThe mills fell into decay some fifty years ago, and have passed\\naway, leaving not a vestige of their remains to mark the spot on\\nwhich they once served this community so well.\\nBrozuns Alills. The next public action taken by the town con-\\ncerning mills was at the annual town-meeting, March 13, 1792,\\nwhen a committee, consisting of Lieut. Emmons Stockwell, Capt.\\nDavid Page, Col. Edwards Bucknam, Capt. John Weeks, and Lieut\\nDennis Stanley, was chosen to receive proposals of any gentleman\\nconcerning building mills on Isreals river near Stockwell s bridge.\\nPage s mills had been built for nineteen years, and must have been\\ndestroyed or fallen into decay at this time, else Page would not very\\nlikely have been put on the committee to let the privilege of build-\\ning other mills in competition with his own and Wilder s.\\nI have before me a proposition, in writing, from Titus O. Brown,\\nin which he offers to build a sawmill and grist-mill, and furnish\\ngood attendance and keep them in good repair, on condition that\\nthe town lease to him, his heirs and assigns, for the term of nine\\nhundred years such quantity of the common lands, on Isreals river,\\nand land under the river; also the waters of the same as shall be\\nsufficient to build a mill and mill-yards, and also a road to the said\\nmill privilege for and during said term of nine hundred years; he,\\nthe said Brown, paying to the selectmen of the town of Lancaster\\nyearly one ear of Indian corn, annually, if demanded. This pro-\\nposal bears date of March 20, 1792.\\nIt seems that the committee did not see fit to accept it but\\ninstead leased the privilege to Emmons Stockwell on May 7, 1792.\\nI have the lease before me written in the hand of Capt. John Weeks,\\nand signed by Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam, John Weeks,\\nDavid Page, and Dennis Stanley, Committee of the Town of Lan-\\ncaster, and witnessed by Zerubabel Eager and Stephen Wilson.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "382 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nOn the next day, May 8, 1792, Emmons Stockwell re-leased this\\nprivilege to Titus O. Brown on the exact terms that he received it,\\nexcept that he retained the right to erect iron works and take water\\nfrom the same dam that Brown bound himself to build, where\\nthe present dam of Frank Smith Co. s mill now is. The rental in\\nboth the lease and the re-lease was a pint of wheat annually when\\ncalled for by the selectmen, and the rentals were decreed to be for\\nthe benefit of schools. I have before me a copy of this re-lease to\\nBrown by Stockwell in the hand of Samuel Brooks, recorder for\\nGrafton county.\\nBy the terms of the lease to Stockwell the mills a sawmill, grist-\\nmill, and a fulling-mill were to be located between Stockwell s\\nbridge and the old mills (Wilder s). Brown undertook to build a\\nsawmill by the first day of December, 1792, and a grist-mill with\\na good bolt, by the first day of December, 1793, and a fulling-mill\\nby the first day of December, 1794. He built the sawmill on the site\\nof the new block of Frank Smith Co. 1 898 He made an arrange-\\nment with Richard C. Everett by which the latter built a large grist-\\nmill 100 feet long and three stories high, in which there was run a\\ncarding and fulling-mill. This mill building was very nearly on the\\nsite of the present grist-mill. It was burnt some time previous to\\n1800, and was rebuilt by Titus O. Brown on the same site. A mill\\nhouse (miller s residence) stood about where the National Bank\\nbuilding now does. This second mill was also burnt in 18 19.\\nAnother, and a much better, mill was erected, and a mill house\\nbuilt on the south side of Middle street about where William Clough s\\nresidence now stands. David Greenlief, the noted miller, is still\\nremembered by some of the older men who were then boys. Mr.\\nGreenlief had been a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and was a\\nman full of reminiscences that pleased his customers to hear while\\nwaiting for their grists to be ground, for in those days people took\\ntheir grists to the mill in a bag thrown across the back of a horse,\\non top of which they rode, and waited for the grain to be ground\\nand took it home in the same way. The interval of waiting was\\noften filled by an entertaining bit of story-telling by the miller.\\nThis old mill gave place in 1830 to one of a much better kind, built\\nby Dr. John Dewey, in which the then most improved machinery\\nwas used.\\nAfter the second mills on this site were burned, the carding and\\nfulling-mills were built on the south side of the river. As the iron\\nworks were not erected, the contemplated space saved for them was\\ngiven up to fulling-mills and other purposes. An up and down\\nsawmill ran for many years between the dam and the iron works.\\nThe finding of bog ore on the Beaver brook and Connecticut river\\nmeadow lands filled the fancy of some of the early settlers with", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 383\\nvisions of an iron furnace, that should supply them with enough of\\nthat indispensable metal for their own use, at least, if no more but\\nit never came to anything.\\nFrom this time onward to the present, this dam and the sites on\\nboth sides of the river have been occupied by various persons for\\nmill purposes. Among those who have owned mill privileges on\\nthese sites have been Titus O. Brown, Ephraim and Liberty Stock-\\nwell, John Mclntire, Richard Eastman, Moses T. Hunt, Thomas\\nCarlisle, Joseph C. Cady, Isaac and Samuel Pearson, John Dewey,\\nEmmons Stockwell, Jr., Sylvanus Chessman, John Moore, Peter\\nPaddleford, Levi Willard, Philip Paddleford, Reuben Stephenson,\\nJohn W. Weeks, J. W. Williams, Oliver Frost, S. and W. M. Rines^\\nO. E. Freeman, Geo. A. Goodrich, J. L Williams, Thompson, Wil-\\nHams Co., Hovey Bullard, A. W. Morrill, Ellis Olcott, Smith,\\nHodge Bullard, and Frank Smith Co., the present owners.\\nSeveral others may have had, and no doubt did at times own, inter-\\nests in these mills and privileges, but these named were the chief\\nOwners of them for 104 years.\\nOther Sawmills in Lancaster. About 1823, or 1824, Major\\nJoel Hemmenway built what was known as the Hemmenway mills\\non Otter brook, at what is now called the Grange Village, occupy-\\ning the site on which Amadon Co. s mills now stand. He also\\nbuilt the house owned and occupied by George Wood. His mill\\ndid a good business for many years, sharing the patronage of the\\ntown with Stockwell s sawmill in the village.\\nLater John Lang built a sawmill on the outlet of little Martin\\nMeadow pond on the Whitefield road, which cut lumber for some\\nyears. Eben C. Garland Sons built a sawmill on Great brook\\nwhere Edward C. Grannis now lives.\\nQuite an effort was made in the early 70 s to build up a village\\nat South Lancaster. A bridge had been thrown across the Con-\\nnecticut, connecting with Lunenburg, one mile from the village of\\nthat name. Lewis Barter of Concord erected a wholesale grain and\\nflour store near the tracks of the B., C. M. railroad, and other\\nenterprises were started there.\\nIn 1873 John H. Locke, until then an inn keeper at Hillsborough\\nBridge, for many years until recently connected with George Van\\nDyke in lumber operations, built for a Concord corporation whose\\nprincipal members were Joseph A. Dodge, superintendent of the rail-\\nroad; George Clough, retired conductor and capitalist; George A.\\nPillsbury, now of the great flouring mills of Minneapolis Stephen A.\\nBrown of Hillsborough, et als., a large steam sawmill at this point\\nand equipped the river with booms and piers.\\nThis mill after several years was leased to George Van Dyke at\\nthe commencement of his business career, arid after he had run it", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "384 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nfor a while to D. H. and T. G. Beattie who were operating it when\\nit burned.\\nSince the burning of the mill, business has departed from South\\nLancaster, only a cheese factory remaining.\\nAbout the same time Allen and Hilliard had a steam sawmill\\non the same stream a mile south of the village, capable of cutting\\nnearly as much lumber as the South Lancaster mills. This only\\nexisted a short time. One Goodrich had a steam mill on the\\nplain opposite the Baker pond whence it drew its logs.\\nFor fully fifty years the first sawmills only cut boards and plank\\nby the old upright saws. A few of these were in use for a longer\\ntime but the circular saw began to be used forty years ago. The\\nchoice pine with w^hich this section abounded was ripped into great\\nplanks an inch or more thick, and often over thirty inches wide.\\nThese were dressed by hand planes, the uneven marks of which\\nare to be seen on some of the boards that have been in old build-\\nings for over a century. I have taken the measure of many boards\\nover thirty inches wide in old houses. This history has been written\\non a table, the top of which is a single board taken out of the walls\\nof the Cross house on the corner of Main and High streets, built\\nby Col. R. C. Everett over a century ago.\\nLathes were not made then as now. They consisted of thin, wide\\nhalf-inch boards which were split, or rather splintered, with an axe,\\nand, as they were being nailed on the walls, separated by a wedge\\nuntil the nails were driven, affording spaces for the mortar to hold\\nto. Shingles were not sawed, but split or riven, here for many\\nyears. About 1830 the method of cutting them from steamed\\nblocks by means of a lathe was introduced, and was considered\\nquite an innovation. About a decade later the method of sawing\\nthem by means of a circular saw came into use, and prevailed as\\nlong as there was suitable timber left for shingles. There are now\\nbut few made for lack of timber suitable for that use.\\nAbout 1850 the present method of manufacturing clapboards was\\nintroduced in Lancaster. The first clapboards were of equal thick-\\nness on both edges, and of varying widths.\\nThe first grist-mills were simple and primitive in their construc-\\ntion. One Caleb Young and Peter Blanchard made millstones and\\nmill machinery here and in Northumberland.\\nSince Dr. John Dewey introduced modern and improved machin-\\nery into his mill, grist-mills have kept pace with the advances in\\nindustry, and have had good machinery. The grist-mill and saw-\\nmill of to-day do first-class work in their respective lines.\\nSas/i, Door, atid Blind Facto7 ies. The first person to make\\nany extensive and successful attempt at manufacturing sash, doors,\\nand blinds in Lancaster, was the late Nicholas B. Wilson, who came", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 385\\nhere in 1850, and worked several years for Col. O. E. Freeman;\\nand later went into business on his own account, occupying the site\\nand buildings previously used by Harvey Adams in the manufacture\\nof wagons, and sleighs, just west of where the Monahan blacksmith\\nshop now is. Mr. Wilson did a good business until 1886, when by\\nhigh water he lost his factory and much valuable machinery. He\\nwas later succeeded by Leavitt Hartford, who did a good business\\nfor some years. Since they retired this line of work has been car-\\nried on extensively by the Thompson Manufacturing Company.\\nDuring the year 1894, Frank Smith Co. erected a sash, door,\\nand blind factory, and planing-mill in connection with their lumber\\nbusiness, and have for two years past done a considerable amount of\\nthat kind of work.\\nStrazvboard and Paper Mills. In 1864, the town, at a spe-\\ncial meeting, voted to lease to K. B. Fletcher Co., for the nominal\\nrental of one dollar a year, in perpetuity, the water of Isreals river\\nand its bed, and the lands on both sides of the stream, as given by\\nthe original proprietors to the town, in consideration that the lessees\\nshould erect a strawboard mill, or other manufacturing concern of\\nequal importance to the town. This company consisted of K. B.\\nFletcher, Edmund Brown, Henry O. Kent, Jason H. Woodward,\\nJ. W. Spaulding, Charles W. Roby, Frank Smith, and Charles E.\\nAllen. Steps were taken by the company to organize and begin\\nbusiness on receiving their lease. Buildings were commenced, and\\na canal cut to its dam.\\nIn 1855, by special act of the legislature, a corporation under the\\nname of the Lancaster Manufacturing Company had been chartered.\\nThe grantees of that charter were Jacob Benton, L. F. Moore, Ed-\\nmund Brown, Jared I. Williams, William Burns, Harvey Adams,\\nRoyal Joyslin, B. F. Whidden, Joseph Roby, Frederick Fiske, Hart-\\nford Sweet, E. L. Colby, H. C. Walker, D. A. Burnside, J. E. Stick-\\nney, A. L. Robinson, Turner Stephenson, and Frank Smith.\\nThis corporation was authorized to carry on the manufacture of\\nsuch articles as are usually made of wool, cotton, wood, or timber;\\nalso of paper and woodenware, in all the various departments con-\\nnected with such manufactures, in the town of Lancaster, county of\\nCoos, New Hampshire.\\nThis corporation had not organized, and its valuable franchise\\nwas unused for a period of nine years and then it conveyed its\\nfranchise to K. B. Fletcher Co. The incorporators met in the office\\nof Henry O. Kent, March 25, 1865, for the first time upon a regu-\\nlarly issued call, and organized temporarily, by the election of L. F.\\nMoore, president, and Frank Smith, clerk. Henry O. Kent, Jason\\nH. Woodward, John W. Spaulding, C. W. Roby, and Charles E.\\nAllen, of the K. B. Fletcher Co. firm, were elected associates in\\n25", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "386 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe benefits of the charter. It was next voted to allow all the origi-\\nnal grantees of the charter to withdraw from the corporation except\\nEdmund Brown and Frank Smith, which they did do.\\nThe corporation then voted to adopt the act of incorporation, and\\nalso a set of by-laws for its government, and adjourned the meet-\\ning to March 29, 1865, at which meeting the organization was\\ncompleted by the election of J. W. Spaulding, agent; Henry O.\\nKent, clerk; Charles E. Allen, treasurer.\\nThe stock was fixed at 240 shares of $100 each, and was taken\\nas follows: Edmund Brown, 30; Henry O.Kent, 30; Jason H.\\nWoodward, 40; J. W. Spaulding, 40; Charles W. Roby, 40 F.\\nSmith, 30; C. E. Allen, 15 Isaac F. Allen, 15.\\nThis gave the projectors of the K. B. Fletcher Co. firm the\\nrights and title of the Lancaster Manufacturing Company. The real\\nestate of the former firm was transferred to the latter company;\\nand the new company completed the factory, and at once began the\\nmanufacture of strawboard. This was for a number of years a\\nvery important industry for the community, as it afforded the farm-\\ners a good market for the product of their farms, and gave employ-\\nment to a number of people at good wages.\\nThe company paid as high as from five to ten dollars a ton for\\noat and rye straw, and consumed annually about five hundred cords\\nof wood for fuel. The community was well served by the business,\\nbut its projectors had to wait until 1870 for their first dividend,\\nwhich was only a ten per cent. one. They had spent much of the\\nearnings of the factory on its equipment with the best of machinery.\\nTheir product was good and prices fair; but just at that time the\\ncountry began to be flooded with strawboard, and with declining\\nprices and high freight rates the business soon became an unprofit-\\nable one. When the returns for its product were so low as not to\\nallow the manufacture longer, it was decided to change to straw and\\nmanilla wrapping-papers. This course was wise and profitable, as\\nthe company made good profits for a time. After a while the intro-\\nduction of wood pulp and active competition drove the prices\\ndown and although the company made a good article, freights\\nbeing against them, and in favor of mills nearer the market, their\\nprofits dwindled again, so that it became necessary to increase the\\ncapital stock of the company $12,000, making their working cap-\\nital now $36,000. Soon the stockholders were assessed on their\\nstock to keep the mill running. About 1867, S. H. LeGro became\\na stockholder, and as agent and treasurer of the company proved\\na valuable member. He was a careful and persistent man, who\\nalways succeeded in his undertakings, and in whom all who knew\\nhim had perfect confidence.\\nIt was finally decided, in 1879, after a thorough trial of its pros-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 387\\npects, to close the mill. S. H. LeGro and Henry O. Kent took\\nthe entire stock and met the company s indebtedness. They paid up\\nall claims, and sold the mills, machinery, and stock on hand to\\nThomas M. Stevens of Boston, Mass., for $20,000, taking in pay-\\nment for the same Stevens s equity in two apartment hotels in\\nBoston, Mass. In this sale only the property of the corporation\\nwas transferred to Stevens, Messrs. LeGro and Kent retaining and\\nstill owning the stock and rights granted by the charter. The\\nshares have been reduced to twenty, and the Lancaster Manufac-\\nturing Company still exists with a capital of $2,000. At its last\\nannual meeting Mr. S. H. LeGro (now deceased) was president,\\nand Henry O. Kent, secretary and treasurer.\\nStai ch Factories. The manufacture of potato starch was intro-\\nduced here by Frederick Fisk and John M. Tillotson, several years\\nbefore the war. They built and conducted a factory or mill on the\\nsite of N. H. Richardson s furniture shop, on Water street, and were\\nvery successful in the business for some years, the industry proving\\na valuable one for the community as it afforded a good market\\nfor its surplus of potatoes, and also used up potatoes otherwise\\nunmarketable, at fair prices, largely the huge California pota-\\ntoes at twelve and one half cents per bushel. Other factories soon\\nstarted up all over New England, the market became over-\\nstocked, and prices went so low as to make the business a poor one.\\nMany of the new mills made a poor grade of starch, used larger\\nquantities of potatoes to the ton than formerly, and the potato\\nrot broke out, which taken altogether reduced the w^ork to a\\npoor venture. It gradually declined in Lancaster, the railroads so\\nappreciating the price of potatoes for market as to make the man-\\nufacture unprofitable.\\nThe Lancaster Starch Company was the chief sufferer in this\\nmanufacture. It was a joint stock company of forty shares, of one\\nhundred dollars each. It purchased land and water power where\\nthe Thompson Manufacturing Company buildings now stand. This\\ncompany sought to monopolize the business in this section by buy-\\ning out the Fisk and Tillotson mills, of Benjamin H. Plaisted of\\nJefferson, and by offering fifty cents a bushel for potatoes when\\nother factories were buying them for from thirty-two to thirty-five\\ncents. Others unloaded their stock of potatoes upon the Lan-\\ncaster Starch Company, which took in one season fifty thousand\\nbushels, and by their freezing and rotting lost a large portion of\\nthem. And then it took four hundred bushels of potatoes, by\\ntheir processes, to make a ton of starch while other factories re-\\nquired only from one hundred and eighty to two hundred and fifty\\nbushels to the ton. It was not at first understood that the higher\\ngrades of potatoes contained the most starch. Panic spread among", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "388 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe stockholders, some of whom got rid of their stock at ahnost any\\nfigure to avoid liabihty in the ruin they foresaw. A fire destroyed\\ntheir factory on Canal street, February 7, 1869, together with the\\npeg mill of L. F. Moore and the furniture factory of the Richard-\\nsons. Added to this heavy loss were the many lawsuits that fol-\\nlowed, which consumed the capital of the company, and left it still\\nheavily involved in debt. There were many heavy losers among\\nour best farmers, but the heaviest was the late William D. Weeks,\\none of Lancaster s most honorable men. He might have saved\\nhimself by alienating his stock but he was hopeful of being able to\\nclose up the business without complete loss, and save the credit of\\nhimself and associates. It has ever been the pride of Lancaster\\nbusiness men of the old stock, that in all business enterprises involv-\\ning risks their creditors must not suffer by the failure of their ven-\\ntures. Many of the business enterprises of that class of men have\\nfailed, and they have lost heavily, but their creditors have almost\\ninvariably been paid to the last penny of their just claims.\\nPleasant Valley Starch Company. On October 19, 1868,\\nseveral farmers from Northumberland and Lancaster met at the\\nGreat Rock schoolhouse in district No. 15, and organized a com-\\npany for the manufacture of potato starch. A site for a mill was\\npurchased of James Bain, and it was voted to erect the mill at once.\\nThe ofificers elected were: J. C. Marshall, president Moody P. Mar-\\nshall, secretary; James Bain, treasurer.\\nJames Bain, Moody Marshall, and Zeb. Twitchell were elected a\\ncommittee to erect the buildings of the company. They employed\\nMoses Woodward to superintend the construction of the mill, he\\nhaving had considerable experience in the business of manufactur-\\ning starch. There was raised the sum of $300 to expend on the\\nmill; and the meeting adjourned until October 31, 1868, when a\\nconstitution and by-laws were adopted, which required as ofificers a\\npresident, a secretary, a general managing agent, these to constitute\\na board of managers.\\nThe original shareholders were Robert Jaques, i Moody P.\\nMarshall, 5 James Bain, 2 John W. Savage, 5 Patrick Connary,\\n3 Charles Montgomery, i Thomas Jaques, 3 William G. Ellis,\\nI Thomas S. Ellis, i John Farnham, 3 Zeb. Twitchell, 2\\nGeorge Farnham, 2 Ransom Farnham, i Abiathar Twitchell, i\\nEdward Fox, 2 Zebulon Black, i Charles Lee, i Thomas H.\\nSheridan, i Stephen Hartford, 3 William Osborn, i Isaac F.\\nCotton, 2 George Cummings, 2 Samuel J. Gerrish, 2.\\nThe mill of the company was completed in due time, and the\\nmanufacture of starch was carried on for a number of years with\\nvaried success. For a while the prices kept up pretty well, and good\\nreturns were secured for the product. The owners began, after some", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 389\\nyears, to sell their shares with which to pay debts, or else to get\\nhappily rid of a venture in which they could see but slight hopes of\\nfuture gains. Most of the shares came into the possession of Col.\\nH. O. Kent and Mr. J. A. Smith, the one a successful financier and\\nthe other a successful merchant. From 1871 they had complete\\ncontrol of the factory, and by careful management made some\\nmoney for themselves and kept a better market for the farmers\\npotato crop. For twelve years they kept the mill going; but the\\ntime came when even they could make nothing out of it, and finally\\nwere forced to close it to avoid losses. In 1883 it was closed and\\nsome of the property sold. Mr. Kent and the heirs of Mr. J. A.\\nSmith still own the mill and water privilege on Caleb brook.\\nJames W. Weeks ran a starch mill successfully for a series of years\\nat Grange Village, and a good mill was long in operation on Mar-\\nden brook, near the Jefferson line, on the East road.\\nPleasant Valley was the last mill in operation for the manufacture\\nof starch in Lancaster. The business has since then been entirely\\ngiven up as unprofitable in competition with larger producers in\\nother sections of the country. While the lands of Lancaster are\\nquite as productive as those of other sections of the country, it yet\\ncosts more to produce and market a crop of potatoes, as the more\\nimproved machinery cannot be used to any profitable extent. The\\nwork has, in the main, to be done by hand, which increases the ex-\\npense of the crop. The introduction of railroads, as said, also\\ninjured the starch business, as it enhanced the value of potatoes for\\nthe market above a price at which they could be profitably manu-\\nfactured.\\nThe Thompson Manufacturing Company In 1858, Jared I.\\nWilliams bought out S. W. M. Rines, who were then running a\\nfoundry and manufacturing plows and other articles just east of the\\nsite of the mill and store of Frank Smith Co. Mr. Williams con-\\nducted a profitable business here, using more improved machinery\\nthan the Rines firm did. The business was conducted under the\\nfirm name of J. I. Williams Co., although Mr, Williams was the\\nsole owner. The second story of the large building was used by\\nNutting Brown with their furniture business, which was extensive.\\nIn 1865, Alexander and Daniel Thompson were admitted into the\\nfirm of Williams Co. The Thompsons were men of great skill\\nand ceaseless perseverance. They removed the plant of the Chase\\nFoundry Company here from Concord, Vt., and consolidated it with\\nthe plant of the J. I. Williams machine shop and foundry. The\\nnew firm was styled Thompson, Williams Co. This company did\\na good business. In 1869 it was incorporated as The Lancaster\\nIron Works. Under this name it only existed one year, when the\\nproperty was divided up. Williams took the foundry and the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "390 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThompsons the machine shop. WilHams later sold the foundry to\\nRichard Hovey and A. M. Bullard. They soon sold it to A. W.\\nMorrill, who in turn sold it to W. H. Ellis and B. S. Alcott, and\\nWilliams took it back, and sold the personal property to Alex-\\nander Thompson and the real estate to Frank Smith Co. The\\nThompsons continued to run the machine shop on Middle street until\\n1873, when the shops were burned, making a total loss. They\\nlost about $15,000; but being men of boundless courage they pur-\\nchased the property of the lately collapsed Lancaster Starch Com-\\npany, on Canal street. Here Alexander Thompson laid the founda-\\ntion of the present Thompson Manufacturing Company in the little\\none-story dry-house of the Starch Company, the only part of their\\nplant that was not consumed in the fire. Thompson only pur-\\nchased one half of the water power on that site. For the first year\\nhe occupied that one little building, 24x30 feet, which is still\\na part of the present shops. In enlarging the shops from time to\\ntime, they have built around this original building. After a hard\\nstruggle in building up his business, Mr. Thompson sold a half inter-\\nest to K. B. Fletcher, Jr., and F. H. Twitchell, both of whom had\\nbeen trained into skilful workmen under his watchful care. At this\\ntime the firm only employed three men. They were engaged in the\\nmanufacture of sawmill machinery, general jobbing, and steam fit-\\nting. Close attention to business and hard work improved it, so that\\nthe plant grew steadily into prominence, and yielded a good income.\\nAlexander Thompson s health failed in the early spring of 1882,\\nso he was forced to give up business the first of May. He died the\\nfollowing September.\\nThe surviving partners continued the business under the old firm\\nname until May 7, 1884, when Thompson s interest was sold to\\nWilliam T. Jones, of Whitefield, N. H., and Charles H. Balch, of\\nLancaster. The name of the company was changed to The\\nThompson Manufacturing Company.\\nOn May 21, 1888, the company bought out the door, sash, and\\nblind factory of Leavett Hartford, in an adjoining building, on\\nthe same water power. This they added to their former business,\\nand have ever since made it a profitable industry. This factory also\\nturns out a general line of builders materials.\\nC. H. Balch died May 18, 1889, and Ossian Ray and Joseph W.\\nFlanders bought his interest in the company the following Septem-\\nber.\\nIn October. 1892, a consolidation was made with Charles W.\\nSleeper, of Island Pond, Vt., formerly of Coaticook, P. Q. By this\\narrangement the Thompson Manufacturing Company became the\\nmanufacturers of a machine, the invention of Mr. Sleeper, for the\\nautomatic construction of tin cans for meats and fruits. This is the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES. 391\\nonly machine of the kind that takes sheet tin and cuts and makes a\\ncompleted can automatically. The new company have found in Mr.\\nSleeper such a genius as the old one had in Alexander Thompson.\\nIn 1893 the private company formed a stock company, under the\\nsame name, with a capital of $50,000. It now employs about fifty\\nmen throughout the year. Of late years it has been devoting con-\\nsiderable attention to the manufacture of machinery for making\\nwood pulp and paper. The company holds patents on these ma-\\nchines, as also on a number of other inventions, tools, and devices.\\nFile Works. We mention as an evidence of the enterprise and\\ngenius of the town, the fact that at one time there flourished a fac-\\ntory in which were made a very good grade of files. It was located\\non Canal street, and conducted by Moody Co., George Moody\\nand George E. Cave. Later it was owned and managed by Ellis\\nOlcott (Thomas S. Ellis and Barzillai S. Olcott). It was not\\ndestined to long survive, in competition with large factories turning\\nout a larger product in a single day than it could in a year. Be-\\nsides, it was not located near enough to the markets in which its\\nmaterial had to be bought, and those in which its products could\\nfind sale.\\nThe Diamond Granite Company For a number of years V. V.\\nWhitney had conducted a private business in the manufacture of\\ngranite monuments in Lancaster; but in 1894, in order to further\\ndevelop the business, he consolidated with that of an incorporated\\ncompany under the name of The Diamond Granite Company.\\nMr. Whitney had previously erected the extensive factory and sheds\\non Middle street for the accommodation of his work. This became\\nthe company s plant, and for a year extensive operations were car-\\nried on. A large force of men have been employed in both the\\nquarry and factory most of the time for the last three years. Some\\nvery fine work has been turned out. They quarry the Kilkenny\\ngranite from their ledges, taken from the Kilkenny mountains, in the\\nsouthern edge of the town of Northumberland. This granite, which\\nexists in an inexhaustible quantity, comes to the surface and is eas-\\nily gotten. Its quality is very good, as is shown by analysis. It is\\na sienitic granite, of three shades, dark green, bluish, and light\\ngray. The most of it is of the greenish tint. Its specific gravity is\\n2.707, which is .047 higher than the average of sienitic granites. It\\npossesses a crushing resistance of 15,360 pounds to the square\\ninch and its heat resisting power is great, making it a valuable\\nstone for building and monumental purposes.\\nArthur G. Wilson Company carry on an extensive business in\\nmarble and granite work, having a wide and valuable connection.\\nTheir new shops and salesrooms are on Elm street, opposite the\\nWilliams House, where very fine work is designed and completed.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "392 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nBANKS AND CORPORATIONS.\\nThe Lancaster Bank The White Mountain Bank The Lancaster Sav-\\nings Bank The Lancaster National Bank\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Siwooganock Sav-\\nings Bank The Lancaster Trust Company The Lancaster Bridge\\nCompany The Coos Mutual Fire Insurance Company Agricultural\\nSocieties.\\nTHE BANKS OF LANCASTER.\\nIt was not until 1832 that the business interests of Lancaster\\ndemanded a bank. Up to that time business had followed the\\norderly course of development of a new community. Trade in the\\nearliest times was chiefly barter. Comparatively little money\\nwas used. The early merchants used the little ready money or\\ncredit they had to procure a stock of goods, and then sold it out,\\nmostly for the produce of the farms, and the primitive manufac-\\ntures like pot and pearl ashes. These they shipped to the cities\\nin payment of their purchases. Added to these were the furs and\\npeltries they received of the hunters and trappers this trafBc, to\\na limited extent, still prevails here. Some very fine lots of furs and\\npelts are bought up by the traders of to-day which go through\\nthe same channels of exchange they did a hundred years ago.\\nAn early, and important, medium of exchange between a rural\\ncommunity like Lancaster fifty years ago was the cattle drover.\\nThis important personage would come into town and purchase for\\nready cash large herds of stock from farmers, thus furnishing to the\\ncommunity a large amount of money to do business on. Some of\\nthe traders were more or less connected with this means of ex-\\nchange. This, in time, made a demand for a money exchange\\nrather than supplying it, and a bank was the result. In 1832,\\nbusiness men began to feel the need of a bank and took steps to\\nsecure the establishment of one.\\nA number of the most prominent merchants and citizens of means\\nsecured from the legislature a charter for a bank for twenty years.\\nThis institution was known as the Lancaster Bank. It began\\nbusiness July ist, 1833, in Gen. John Wilson s dwelling house at\\nthe north end of Main street, where the Benton residence now\\nstands. Its incorporators were David Burnside, Benjamin Stephen-\\nson, Turner Stephenson, Ephraim Cross, and Warren Porter. Its\\nfirst president was John H, White, and Gen. John Wilson was cash-\\nier. The capital was $50,000. This capital was simply subscribed for\\nand paid up in securities of one kind and another, and not wholly\\nin cash before starting in business as is now the requirement of law.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "BANKS AND CORPORATIONS. 393\\nOn July 1st, 1835, the bank was moved to a room in what was\\nknown as the Green store standing where the Evans block now\\ndoes on Main street near Isreals river bridge. This room corres-\\nponded to that now occupied by G. V. Moulton s shoe store, while\\nR. P. Kent kept a store in the other end of the building. Mr. Kent\\nwas appointed cashier of the bank, a position he held for five years,\\nwhen he resigned and was succeeded by Gen. John Wilson. This\\nbank did a good business, and served the community faithfully for\\nthe period for which it was chartered. A few years before the ex-\\npiration of its charter it lost heavily through the failure of its\\ndebtors, and did not ask for an extension of its charter, choosing\\nrather to go out of business honorably, paying up its creditors, than\\nto take risks in the future. It finally closed up its business in 1855,\\ntwo years after the expiration of its charter, without the loss of a\\ncent to any of its creditors.\\nRoyal Joyslin succeeded John H.White as president, and held\\nthat position throughout the existence of the bank. George A.\\nCositt succeeded General Wilson as cashier and held that position\\nuntil the bank went out of business.\\nThe White Mountain Bank. In 1852 another bank was char-\\ntered under the name of The White Mountain Bank, with a capi-\\ntal of $50,000. Its first president was J. B. Sumner; G. C. Will-\\niams, cashier; directors, J. B. Sumner, Dalton Barton G. Towne,\\nHezekiah Parsons, Jr., Colebrook Moses Woodward, Jefferson;\\nJames W. Weeks, E. C. Spaulding, Lancaster; and Oliver B. Howe,\\nShelburne.\\nThis was a bank of issue, and did a good business for many years.\\nGov. J. W. Williams became president in 1858, and continued in\\nthat office until his death in 1864. William Burns succeeded Gov-\\nernor Williams, and Jared I. Williams was chosen cashier. In the\\nredemption of notes, it was found that a former cashier had made\\nan over issue of some $53,000 in notes, and had also sunk $40,000\\nmore of the funds of the bank.\\nWilliam Burns, J. I.Williams, J. W. Weeks, and Barton G. Towne\\nsettled up the affairs of the bank in a creditable manner, though\\nsome of its stockholders lost very heavily, especially the Governor\\nWilliams estate.\\nThe Lancaster Savings Bank. This is the oldest bank now\\ndoing business in Lancaster. Its charter was procured by Col.\\nHenry O. Kent in 1868. While serving as bank commissioner of\\nthe state he came to think that a savings bank could fill a useful\\nplace in Lancaster, and accordingly set about to establish one. It\\nwas organized July 29, 1868, as The Savings Bank of the County\\nof Coos. Its first trustees were H. A. Fletcher, R. P. Kent, Henry\\nO. Kent, A. J. Marshall, B. F. Whidden, Edmund Brown, S. H.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "394 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nLeGro, J. I. Williams, L. F. Moore, C. W. Smith, E. Savage, and\\nE. V. Cobleigh.\\nIn 1876, James W. Weeks, William Burns, Hosea Gray, A. Guern-\\nsey, J. H. Hopkinson and J. H. Woodward were elected trustees.\\nThe first president was the late Hiram A. Fletcher, a man of large\\nability and unbending integrity, who held that position until July,\\n1878, when failing health obliged him to retire. Anderson J. Mar-\\nshall was elected as his successor, holding the position until his de-\\ncease in 1883. He was succeeded by the late Richard P. Kent, who\\nheld the office from 1883 to 1885. James W. Weeks was elected in\\n1885, and held the position until 1894, when he was succeeded by\\nSamuel H. LeGro, and at his decease Dr. Ezra Mitchell, the present\\npresident, was elected. Col. H. O. Kent has been its treasurer from\\nthe organization of the bank. The management of this bank has\\nbeen able and careful from the first, winning confidence and a large\\npatronage from the community and people desirous of saving against\\ntheir possible needs in the future. It now has assets of $609,282,\\nas shown by its statement of its condition June 30, 1896, with a\\nsurplus and guaranty fund of $33,233.\\nIts place of business has always been in the Kent block, on Main\\nstreet, where it has the finest appointed banking rooms in the county,\\nwith vaults of the most improved construction. The charter of the\\nbank is perpetual, and it is a legal investment for trust funds. Its\\npresent officers are (1896) Ezra Mitchell, president; Henry O.\\nKent, secretary and treasurer; trustees, Henry O. Kent, Ezra Mitch-\\nell, Frank Jones, E. V. Cobleigh, Edward R. Kent, James H. Curtis,\\nCharles A. Cleaveland, Henry Percy Kent, Stetson Ward Gushing,\\nand Joseph D. Howe.\\nThe Lancaster JVational Dank. This institution was incorpo-\\nrated in 1 88 1, with a capital of $125,000. It began business in\\n1882, in its present location with the following ofificers\\nGeorge R. Eaton, president; Everett Fletcher, vice-president;\\nFrank D. Hutchins, cashier. Board of directors: Ossian Ray, Geo.\\nR. Eaton, William Clough, C. B. Jordan, A. J. Marshall, Everett\\nFletcher, Seneca S. Merrill, R. H. Porter, and H. O. Coolidge.\\nThis bank has done a large and successful business, and enjoys\\nthe full confidence of the community. Its surplus is $25,000.\\nThe first president and cashier are still in office. The following,\\namong Lancaster s best business men, are its directors:\\nGeorge R. Eaton, Irving W. Drew, F. D. Hutchins, Burleigh\\nRoberts, George M. Stevens, John L. Moore, K, B. Fletcher.\\nThe Siwooganock Guaranty Savings Bank. This bank was\\norganized in 1887, with the following ofificers W. S. Ladd, presi-\\ndent; F. D. Hutchins, treasurer; G. R. Eaton, W. S. Ladd, C. B.\\nJordan, W. Clough, E. Fletcher, C. A. Bailey, and F. D. Hutchins,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "Mt. Prospect. Mt. Pleasant.\\nConnecticut River and Toll Bridge.\\nLof; Jam at Toll Buidge, 1895.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "BANKS AND CORPORATIONS. 395\\ntrustees. Its incorporators were: W. S. Ladd, C. B. Jordan, I. W.\\nDrew, G. Van Dyke, W. Clough, F. P. Brown, C. T. McNally, J. H.\\nDudley, O. Ray, W. R. Danforth, G. M. Stevens, C. A. Cleaveland,\\nB. C. Garland, W. F. Dodge, B. A. Taylor, D. H. Beattie, G. R.\\nEaton, F. D. Hutchins, E. Fletcher, B. Roberts, C. A. Bailey, A. M.\\nBeattie, J. I. Parsons, A. R. Evans, F. N. Day, J. C. Pattee, E. W.\\nScribner, R. McCarten, S. Cole, L. T. Hazen, S. E. Paine.\\nThis bank has done a fine business, and has won the confidence\\nof the community as one of its safe and useful institutions. Its\\ncapital, or guarantee fund, is $60,000. Its assets April i, 1896,\\n$441,675.\\nIts present officers are President, I. W. Drew treasurer, F. D.\\nHutchins. Trustees; I. VV. Drew, Geo. R. Eaton, Everett Fletcher,\\nF. D. Hutchins, Burleigh Roberts, Geo. M. Stevens.\\nThe Lancaster Trust Company This is a state bank, incorpo-\\nrated in 1 89 1, doing business in Kent s building in the same rooms\\nalso occupied by the Lancaster Savings bank. Its charter is a very\\ncomprehensive one, enabling its managers to do the general busi-\\nness of a trust company, discount bank, real estate and financial\\nagency. So far, only a banking department has been organized.\\nIts cash capital is $100,000.\\nIts first board of oflficers elected June 21, 1891, was as follows:\\nPresident, Henry O. Kent; vice-presidents, Chester B. Jordan, Geo.\\nVan Dyke; treasurer, Henry Percy Kent; secretary, Willie E. Bul-\\nlard. Directors Henry O. Kent, Frank Jones, George Van Dyke,\\nEzra Mitchell, C. C. O Brion, Chester B. Jordan, Erastus V. Cob-\\nleigh, Edward R. Kent, Willie E. Bullard.\\nThis bank has done a steadily increasing and prosperous business,\\nand is properly regarded as one of the strong financial institutions\\nof the state. Its statement of August i, 1896, shows a capital of\\n$100,000. Surplus, $8,473.29 deposits, $50,620.\\nIts present officers are: President, Henry O. Kent; vice-presi-\\ndents, Chester B. Jordan, Ezra Mitchell; clerk of the corporation,\\nCharles A. Cleaveland treasurer, Henry Percy Kent. Directors\\nHenry O. Kent, Frank Jones, Chester B. Jordan, Ezra Mitchell,\\nEdward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Charles C. Cleaveland, Henry\\nPercy Kent, H. H. Danforth.\\nTHE LANCASTER BRIDGE COMPANY.\\nIn the settlement of the Connecticut river valley, the rich meadow\\nlands on both sides offered extra inducements to develop settlements\\neast and west of the river at the same time. This was so in the\\nUpper Coos settlement. Lancaster and Northumberland on the\\nNew Hampshire side, and Lunenburg and Guildhall on the Ver-\\nmont side, kept abreast of each other in their development. As", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "396 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\npioneer life changed with the growth of the several villages in these\\ntowns, communication between them became increasingly impor-\\ntant, demanding better means of crossing the river than the primi-\\ntive custom of fording it. Northumberland and Guildhall villages\\nwere more populous than Lancaster and Lunenburg, for a time,\\nfrom which consideration those two villages were connected by a\\nferry at the hands of Gen. Edwards Bucknam, which he later sold to\\nJonathan Grant, Sept. 9, 1803. Bucknam had petitioned the gen-\\neral court, Oct. 8, 1784, for the privilege of using the river for build-\\ning mills and a ferry, which privilege was granted him, and by\\nwhich he controlled the river for one mile below and above the falls.\\nAbout the time Bucknam sold his ferry, Lancaster was becoming\\na village of more importance than either Guildhall or Northumber-\\nland, as a trading center. An increased demand for better facilities\\nfor crossing the river at Lancaster led a few public-spirited men to\\ntake steps to build a toll bridge. The towns along the river were\\nnot able to meet the expense of a free bridge, and such a bridge\\nwas the only thing that could be had at the time. The legislature\\nwas applied to, and granted a charter by special act, incorporat-\\ning the Lancaster Bridge Company. The charter authorized the\\ncompany to build a bridge, and maintain it, over the Connecticut\\nriver at a place called Waits Bow.\\nIn the charter, Richard C. Everett and Levi Willard were desig-\\nnated to call the -first meeting of the stockholders. The lands of the\\ncompany were not to exceed five acres adjoining the bridge. The\\nrate of tolls was also fixed by the charter, as follows\\nI. For each foot passenger, i cent.\\n2. For each horse and rider, 4 cents.\\n3. For each Chaise, Chair, Sulky or other riding carriage, drawn by one horse,\\n10 cents.\\n4. For each Riding Sleigh drawn by one horse, 5 cents.\\n5. For each Coach, Chariot, Phaeton or other four-wheeled carriage for pas-\\nsengers, drawn by more than one horse, 20 cents.\\n6. For each Curicle, 12 cents.\\n7. For each Cart or other carriage of burthen, drawn by two beasts, 10 cents,\\nand 2 cents for each additional yoke of oxen or pair of horses.\\n8. For each horse, exclusive of those rid on, 3 cents.\\n9. For each Neat Creature, i cent.\\n10. For each Sheep or Swine, d cent, and to each team one person and no more\\nshall be allowed, as a driver, to pass free of toll.\\nThese rates were to hold good if at the end of three years the\\nprofits did not exceed twelve per cent. If they exceeded that in-\\ncome, then the justices of the superior court were authorized to\\nreduce them and thereafter at the end of every six years the same\\nruling was to hold. The court also had the authority to raise them\\nif they fell below six per cent.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "BANKS AND CORPORATIONS. 397\\nThe incorporators were liable for the bridge in the same terms\\nthat a town is for its roads and bridges, and was indictable on the\\nsame grounds of lack of repair.\\nThe stock was issued in forty shares of fifty dollars each, and\\nthe following persons held it at the organization of the company\\nIsaac Bundy, 2 shares; Thomas Carlisle, 2 shares; Richard C. Ev-\\nerett, 3 shares; William Lovejoy, i share; Levi Willard, 2 shares;\\nStephen Wilson, 2 shares; Jonathan Cram, i share; David Perkins,\\n2 shares; James Baker, i share; Titus O. Brown, i share; Hum-\\nphrey Cram, i share David Bunday, i share William Hines, i\\nshare; Artemas Wilder, 12 shares; Elisha Bunday, i share; David\\nDana, i share; Urial Rosebrook, i share; Lemuel Holmes, i share;\\nAsa Holmes, i share Samuel Howe, i share Timothy Faulkner,\\nI share Bowman Chaddock, i share.\\nThe first corporation meeting was called for August 20, at which\\na preliminary organization was effected, with Richard C. Everett,\\nchairman, and Thomas Carlisle, as clerk. A permanent organiza-\\ntion was effected September 24, by the election of Daniel Dana,\\npresident, Thomas Carlisle, clerk, and Richard C. Everett, treas-\\nurer.\\nThis bridge served a valuable purpose, and was a source of con-\\nsiderable profit, though profits never ran so high as to subject its\\nrates to the scaling-down provided for in its charter. Its stock was\\nalways regarded good, and found buyers whenever its owners wished\\nto dispose of it. During the many years of its existence there were\\nsundry changes in its list of stockholders, and also its officers. The\\nlate R. P. Kent, who came to Lancaster in 1825, became an owner\\nof stock, and an officeholder in the corporation, and for forty years\\nserved as clerk and treasurer. At the time of his death he was one\\nof the largest holders of its stock.\\nThe first bridge was built in 1804, and was, for the times, a sub-\\nstantial structure; but in 1828 it was rebuilt, and in 1840 a new\\none, the present one, was built. All were heavy wooden struc-\\ntures, but served a valuable purpose in bringing to the village of\\nLancaster the trade of the Vermont side of the river for a consider-\\nable distance.\\nThe present bridge becoming a source of considerable expense\\nwith a rate of income too small to afford profits, and to enable own-\\ners to replace it in case of loss, it was decided to sell it to the three\\ntowns adjoining it, Lancaster, Lunenburg, and Guildhall. Accord-\\ningly steps were taken to dispose of it, and as public sentiment was\\nstrong against toll bridges, it was arranged between the towns\\nreferred to, to take action upon the matter; Lancaster and Guildhall,\\nat their respective town-meetings, and Lunenburg by private sub-\\nscription, in the spring of 1894. This action was favorable to the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "398 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\npurchase of tlic bridge by the three towns jointly. Lancaster ap-\\npropriated $2,000, Guildhall $300, and Lunenburg $200, which was\\naccepted by the bridge company, and the property was conveyed to\\nthe towns in the spring of 1894. The toll house was sold for $400,\\nand a dividend was made of the amount between the thirty-eight\\nshares standing out at that time.\\nFor ninety years the old bridge served the public, and in keeping\\nwith the tendency of the times to make all public service free, it has\\nyielded to the inevitable. Its last ofificers were Henry O. Kent,\\npresident Henry Percy Kent, secretary and treasurer directors,\\nHenry O. Kent, Isaac W. Hopkinson, and Henry Percy Kent.\\nTHE COOS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.\\nThis company was incorporated by special act of the legislature\\nJuly 13, 1855. The incorporators were: Benjamin F. Whidden,\\nCharles B. Allen, Enoch L. Colby, Daniel C. Pinkham, Reuben L.\\nAdams, David A. Burnside, Aurin M. Chase, Daniel A. Bowe, Nel-\\nson Kent, and William R. Stockwell.\\nThe first three of these were named to call the first meeting, which\\nwas not done until May 6, 1862, when notice was given the incorpo-\\nrators to meet at the law office of Benjamin F. Whidden on May 17,\\n1862, for the organization of the company. Only a temporary or-\\nganization was effected, with B. F. Whidden, chairman, and D. C.\\nPinkham, secretary.\\nThe act of incorporation, section 16, chapter 1794, private acts,\\nwas adopted. At this first meeting, William Heywood, Henry O.\\nKent, John Whittemore, and S. W. Cooper were elected associates\\nin the corporation. A board of directors, consisting of B. F. Whid-\\nden, E. L. Colby. C. B. Allen, WiUiam Heywood, S. W. Cooper,\\nand Henry O. Kent, was elected.\\nOn June 3, 1862, permanent officers were chosen, consisting of\\nB. F. Whidden, president; S. W. Cooper, secretary. At this meet-\\ning, John Whittemore of Colebrook and William A. White of Lan-\\ncaster were appointed a committee to solicit business for the new\\ncompany, which gained the confidence of the people, and a fair\\namount of business was transacted from the start. At an ad-\\njourned meeting, on Aug. 13, 1862, H. O. Kent was elected perma-\\nnent secretary, and held that position throughout its existence.\\nThe company,- as its name indicates, was wholly mutual, all of\\nits patrons becoming members in the corporation upon the insur-\\nance of their property. The business was conducted economically,\\nand in every respect it was a first-class protection against loss by\\nfire, and as cheap as mutual insurance could be afforded at the time.\\nWithin a year of its organization, C. B. Allen, L. F. Moore, and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "BANKS AND CORPORATIONS. 399\\nH. A. Fletcher were elected directors, and served in that relation\\nthroughout its existence.\\nIntending to be absent from the state during the year of 1862,\\nMr. H. O. Kent was authorized by the directors to appoint an assist-\\nant secretary, which he did by selecting D. C. Pinkham. Upon\\nhis return to Lancaster, December i, 1862, he resumed his duties as\\nsecretary July i, 1863.\\nOn September i, 1863, a new board of directors was elected, this\\nbeing its annual meeting. That board consisted of B. F. Whid-\\nden, E. L. Colby, William Heywood, Jacob Benton, L. F. Moore,\\nC. B. Allen, John Whittemore, Joseph Colby, and Merrill C. Forest.\\nA schedule of salaries was established as follows: President, $10\\nper year secretary, fifty cents on each policy, and fifty cents for\\neach directors meeting; treasurer, $3 per day and expenses; all\\nofhcers $2 per day for settling losses; agents fifty cents on each\\npolicy from the company, and the same amount from the insured,\\nand fees for services necessitating extra service directors, fifty cents\\nfor each meeting, five cents for each application approved, and ten\\ncents a mile one way for travel in attending directors meetings,\\nnot to exceed four meetings a year.\\nAt a meeting of the directors, the same day, the following ofhcers\\nwere elected: E. L. Colby, president; H. O. Kent, secretary; Ira\\nS. M. Gove, treasurer. The ofhces of the secretary and treasurer\\nwere located in the Kent block. Main street, Lancaster. The busi-\\nness by this time had grown to promising proportions. Losses\\nwere promptly met, and the finances of the corporation were in good\\ncondition.\\nMr. Kent intending to be absent again for some time, was given\\nauthority by the directors to appoint an assistant secretary. He\\nappointed George H. Emerson, but changed it to William Hey-\\nwood, until July 11, 1864, when, on his return, he resumed his\\nduties in that ofhce until the close of its career. In 1864, the late\\nH. A. Fletcher was elected treasurer, and served in that capacity\\nfor a term of eight years, when he was succeeded by Charles E.\\nAllen, who served in that relation to the company until it went out\\nof business. E. L. Colby was president from his first election in\\n1863, until December 30, 1875, when he was succeeded by William\\nHeywood, who continued in that ofhce until the close of the com-\\npany s career.\\nJohn Whittemore of Colebrook, N. H., F. I. Bean of Berlin,\\nN. H., W. A. White of Lancaster, William Goodman of Norway,\\nMe., and E. L. Colby of Lancaster, served the company most of\\nthe time as its agents in the solicitation of business.\\nThe time came when the mutual companies could not afford as\\ncheap insurance as the old line companies and this one, as legions", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "400 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nof others throughout the country, had to yield to the inevitable and\\ngo out of business. Accordingly at its meeting of May 15, 1877,\\nit was voted to discontinue issuing policies after twelve o clock,\\nMay 31, 1877, and to close up all business of the company. Ar-\\nrangements were made with the Springfield Fire and Marine Insur-\\nance company for the insurance of all its policy-holders who might\\nwish to make the change at a lower rate than they had been paying\\nin the Coos Mutual, and for the immediate protection of its policy-\\nholders during the time of closing up business. Due notice was\\nsent by circular letter to all the policy-holders.\\nThe claims of the company were settled, as also all its liabilities,\\nand on December 9, 1879, the last meeting was held, at which final\\ndisposition of its affairs was made, and the Coos Mutual, once a\\nuseful institution, joined that innumerable company of things that\\nhave become outgrown by the marvelous changes that have come\\nover our modern civilization, concentrating enterprises into larger\\nand new forms of cooperation.\\nEarly in the century there was a local mutual fire insurance\\ncompany in operation in Lancaster we think the prototype of its\\nsuccessor here referred to. Its career was honorable, but it was not\\nlong in business. No trace can be found of its records or official\\nlists at this time.\\nAGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES AND RIDING PARK.\\nThe Coos Agricultural Society The Coos and Essex Counties Agri-\\ncultural Society The Riding Park of Coos County.\\nAn agricultural society, called The Coos Agricultural Society,\\nwas organized in the county about 1820, and for four years held\\ncounty fairs, with considerable success at Lancaster. This\\nsociety fell into decay, and for nearly a half century nothing like it\\nexisted here. Finally, Lancaster came into line in a movement that\\nwas universal in this country about 1869, and organized another\\nagricultural society, and again held county fairs of great interest for\\na number of years. What was called the Coos and Essex Counties\\nAgricultural Society was organized in 1870, and comprised the\\nterritory of the two counties of those names, lying on opposite sides\\nof the Connecticut river. The first officers of this society were\\nWilliam D. Weeks, president; John W. Hartshorn of Lunenburg,\\nVt., and Hazen Bedel of Colebrook, N. H., vice-presidents; Henry\\nO. Kent, treasurer Charles E.Benton, Guildhall, Vt., and George\\nH. Emerson of Lancaster, secretaries. There was also a large execu-\\ntive committee selected from the various outlying towns. This society\\nheld fairs with a considerable degree of success for some years, and\\nthen, with declining interest and increasing debts, suspended opera-\\ntions.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES AND RIDING PARK. 4OI\\nIn 1870 the Riding Park Association of Coos county was\\norganized. This was composed of some of the best business men\\nof the town, who made a substantial success of their undertaking.\\nAn organization was effected May 26 of that year; and twenty acres\\nof desirable lands were secured on the main road to Northumber-\\nland, a part of the Emmons Stockwell farm, and a good track was\\nbuilt and all other necessary improvements were made, giving the\\nassociation a fine track and grounds. This was a voluntary cor-\\nporation under the statutes of the state. For a number of years\\nthis, like its predecessors, flourished, and like them it had its evil\\nday. Interest in speeding horses died out, and with diminishing\\nproceeds from its exhibitions for several years, it became a los-\\ning undertaking, and after sinking some eight or ten thousand\\ndollars in it the association sold it to George P. Rowell of New\\nYork, a former resident of the town. He undertook to revive\\ninterest in the speeding of horses and county fairs, and succeeded in\\nbringing together another society or rather the reorganization of the\\nold Coos and Essex Counties Agricultural societies.\\nOn January 22, 1884, this society was reorganized under chapter\\n1 5 I of the General Laws of New Hampshire. The following persons\\nconstituted the association Edward Spaulding, A. J. Congdon,\\nFrank Smith, William Clough, Henry O. Kent, Edward Emerson,\\nI. W. Quimby, Proctor Jacobs, George H. Emerson, William D.\\nWeeks, Isaac W. Hopkinson, W. C. Spaulding, Henry S. Webb,\\nGeorge P. Rowell, Edward R. Kent, John Lindsey, Joseph Winch,\\nJames W. Weeks, John Costello, H. I. Guernsey, Henry S. Hilliard.\\nSince then forty-seven other persons have become members of\\nthe society. Its first annual meeting fell on February 2, 1884,\\nwhen the following officers were elected\\nGeorge P. Rowell, president; I. W. Drew, E. R. Kent of Lancas-\\nter, and J. M. Dodge of Lunenburg, Vt., vice-presidents; I. W.\\nQuimby, secretary; H. S. Hilliard and H. S. Webb, assistant secre-\\ntaries; George H. Emerson, treasurer; J. Winch, G. E. Carbee,\\nJ. Evans, J. H. Woodward, J. W. Weeks, Jr.. Henry Heywood, and\\nD. Weeks, directors.\\nThis organization revived the old-time county fairs, and added\\nto the other attractions horse trotting, bicycle racing, wrestling,\\njumping, and a variety of other kinds of racing, which proved\\nan attraction for several years. The agricultural exhibits for a\\ntime were good, and then for various reasons declined, and finally\\nwere given up by their promoters among the farming population.\\nThe old Riding Park Association and some new members formed\\nwhat is now known as the Lancaster Driving club, and the grounds\\nare now known as the driving park, owned mostly by the Mount\\nWashington Stock Farm (Geo. R. Eaton, Geo. M. Stevens, George\\n26", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "402 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nVan Dyke). This club holds annually a fair and frequent trotting\\nraces, at which good premiums and purses are offered, and which\\nare well attended though it is not a money-making enterprise for its\\nmanagers. In fact they lose money on it, but being public-spirited\\nmen they keep the institution alive for the good of the community\\nand in this respect it does much good for the farmers and stock-\\nraisers of the immediate section of country. Among its promoters\\nare Hon. Irving W. Drew, George Van Dyke, George R. Eaton, and\\nGeorge M. Stevens. Its present officers are: George R.Eaton,\\npresident; George M. Stevens, general manager; George E.\\nStevens, secretary Fielding Smith, assistant secretary; George E.\\nStevens, treasurer.\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nEDUCATION.\\nFounding of Schools Early Teachers Schoolhouses School Dis-\\ntricts The Town System.\\nBy James S. Brackett.\\nIt is a difficult task to get at the facts in relation to the schools of\\nthe towai. Certain facts, however, are a matter of record, and are\\ntherefore reliable, while much more is traditional and must pass for\\nwhat tradition is worth. There is nothing definitely known of the\\naction of the town in regard to education until the year 1790, when\\nat a town-meeting on December 13 of that year it was voted 30\\nbushels of wheat, including what the law directs to be laid out in\\nschooling the present winter. There had been schools in different\\nparts of the town at irregular intervals, taught by men and women\\nwho happened to be here and were thought sufficiently proficient\\nin reading, writing, and arithmetic, to instruct the youth of the set-\\ntlement.\\nIt is generally conceded that Mrs. Ruth Stockwell {nee Page)\\nwas the first person to give instruction in the town, but she kept no\\nregular school. The early settlers were precluded by the very\\nnature of their surroundings from having schools or acquiring much\\neducation. Their immediate task was one of securing homes. The\\nclearing of their lands and building their first rude houses engrossed\\ntheir whole attention. There was little time left for books if they\\nhad possessed them, which they did not to much extent. Theirs\\nwas the struggle for existence. Even the first settlers were men of\\nsome education. They could all read and write, and were men of\\ngood judgment and sound common sense. They had their Bibles\\nand a few other books, mostly religious literature, in their homes.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "High School Building.\\nPrimary Department of\\nLancaster Academy and High School.\\n(Site of Lancaster]Academy, 1S37-1895.)", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 403\\nEdwards Bucknamwas something of a scholar. He wrote a good\\nhand and was a practical surveyor (he surveyed the town for the\\nproprietors), and could impart his knowledge to others.\\nThe first schoolmaster in Lancaster of whom we have definite\\nknowledge was Joseph Bergin, an Englishman, who came here from\\nBoston, Mass. He arrived at Edwards Bucknam s, June 12, 1787,\\nand after washing his clothes at Lacous s, June 13, and returned\\nto my house the 14th, as Bucknam wrote in his diary, must have\\ngone to teaching at once; for on June 17, John Weeks, writing to\\nhis wife in Greenland, N. H., says: John (his son, J. W.) values\\nmuch on his reading and spelling at school, as he gets the better of\\nall his age, and many much older. The schoolmaster Mr. Ber-\\ngin an Englishman boarded with us last week we take turns to\\nboard him weekly. This, of course, was the same one of whom\\nBucknam spoke as beginning to teach school June 20, at five dol-\\nlars a month, for a term of six months. Bucknam also mentions\\nthe fact that his son Edward went to school to a Mr. Bradley, and\\nboarded at D. Stanley s. This school was in the Stockwell and\\nPage neighborhood. The first schoolhouse was built in that sec-\\ntion on the Stockwell farm, just on the bluff to the left as one ap-\\nproaches the old Stockwell house. Here is no doubt where Master\\nBradley taught at that time.\\nIt is somewhat singular that records, or memoranda of some kind,\\nwere not kept and transmitted to us showing the early history of\\neducation in this intelligent community. I have heard my father\\nsay (he was twelve years old when he came to town with his father\\nin 1789) that all he attended school in Lancaster did not exceed six\\nmonths; and Major John W. Weeks said that he never went to\\nschool more than ten or twelve months in Lancaster.\\nThe teachers were not well paid at first. While Master Bergin\\nwas teaching at the rate of sixty dollars a year, Edwards Biicknam\\nwas paying a common laborer on his farm ninety dollars a year.\\nIn the year 1789, the general court of Massachusetts gave towns\\nthe right to divide their territory into districts, and establish district\\nschools. Lancaster, perhaps with that precedent in mind, appointed\\na committee of nine persons at the annual town-meeting, March 11,\\n1794, to divide the town into school districts. We have no record of\\ntheir action, but it is very probable that three districts were then\\nformed, as there had practically been as many before that time. The\\ntown was settled in a way that naturally divided it into three sections\\nof nearly equal population, and about equally distant from the centre\\nof the town. The first school had no doubt come into existence in\\nthe Stockwell neighborhood, the second in the Bucknam neighbor-\\nhood at the south end of the town, and the next one in what is now\\nthe village. As nearly as can now be ascertained, the district com-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "404 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nprised the limits of the present High school district (old Union\\ndistrict comprised of Nos. i and 12). It extended from the old\\nParson Willard place to Indian brook, and east as far as the town\\nwas then settled, which was nearly the present village limits. Dis-\\ntrict No. 2 comprised all the territory south of the Willard lot to\\nDalton line, and has always retained its number. District No. 3, all\\nthe territory north of Indian brook to Northumberland line, and east\\nto the limits of the settlement on Page hill.\\nThis was the first action of the town in organizing and providing\\nfor the management of its schools. For nearly thirty years after\\nthe settlement of the town, the only school advantages it afforded\\nits youth were those of private schools, sustained through the pri-\\nvate funds of the few settlers who thought more of the benefits of a\\nsimple education for their children than they did of hoarding their\\nlimited wealth. It seems that those who took the initiative in the\\nmatter were the settlers in that section of the town that has become\\nDistrict No. 3. Those who settled in what is now the village High\\nschool district and at the south end of the town, were early inter-\\nested in founding schools.\\nOne can readily imagine that the mothers tried to teach their\\nchildren the alphabet, and that the fathers contributed their scanty\\nstore of general knowledge, gleaned from their earlier lives in the set-\\ntlements of Massachusetts before coming to New Hampshire. The\\ninstruction thus imparted was given, in many cases, to the less\\nfavored of the companions of the boys and girls, and in this way the\\nlittle spark of knowledge was kept from going out; and later it was\\nkindled into a bright flame which has grown brighter with each suc-\\nceeding generation, until its radiance equals that of almost any com-\\nmunity in New England. As science has developed and shed its\\nlight upon our country, Lancaster has caught its rays and concen-\\ntrated them upon the path of her life.\\nMany men and women have borne testimony to the great difificul-\\nties they labored under in acquiring even the rudiments of an edu-\\ncation. Books of any kind were scarce. School books were not\\nonly scarce, but of the most primitive character and design, and it\\ntook many hard knocks to get their intent and meaning into the\\nminds of the youth who sought their aid. In my father s possession\\nwas a manuscript copy of an arithmetic, having only the funda-\\nmental rules, that is, the rules and examples of addition, subtrac-\\ntion, multiplication, and division, with a few examples in interest\\nand the Rule, of Three. It was because there were so few books\\nthat this labor of transcribing was bestowed upon it and it must\\nhave been regarded as a treasure, crude and simple as it was.\\nJudge Everett also copied arithmetics for his girls.\\nThe old residents, the first settlers, have told us how they read", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 405\\nand studied evenings by the light of blazing lights of pitch-knots on\\nthe stone hearths of the log cabin. Tallow was scarce, and the\\ntallow dip was only used when some guest was present, or on\\nother like important occasions, such as weddings or funerals. This\\npursuit of knowledge under difftculties was after a hard day s\\nwork in the forest or field, clearing land, or cultivating or harvest-\\ning the crops. The winter afforded more time for study, while the\\nsnow was piled high about the cabin and in the little clearings, and\\nthe only path to a neighbor s cabin was indicated by the blazed\\ntrees through woods dense and deep, and almost as illimitable\\nas the sea. With the Bible and Sternhold s and Hopkins s version\\nof the Psalms, and an arithmetic, such as has been described,\\nparents and children read and repeated over and over again, the\\nwonderful prophesies, or the sacred songs, or perhaps with charcoal\\nworked out the arithmetical problems on pieces of bark. A monot-\\nonous life it was, but it strengthened many for the broader fields\\nupon which they entered.\\nDistrict No. I The first schoolhouse in District No. i was of\\nhewn logs, similar in its outward construction to the log houses of\\nthe first settlers. It had rows of low seats around the sides. The\\nteacher s desk was at the end of the room near the low doorway\\nthat admitted the pupils. At the other end of the room was a huge\\nfireplace built of stone, with a chimney of the same material. This\\nhouse, however, gave place to a frame structure, occupying nearly\\nthe same site, early in this century, and is described by one\\nwho knew it well, in the following narrative: The schoolhouses\\nindicated pretty clearly how the settlement progressed. The school-\\nhouse in district No. i stood directly north and adjoining the pres-\\nent court-house lands. The northeast corner was crowded into the\\nstreet twenty feet or more from the present limits. The house was\\na large, flat-roofed structure, capable of accommodating, after a fash-\\nion, more than a hundred pupils. The windows were so high that\\nthe boys and girls could not see into the street or meadows without\\nstanding up. The house was warmed by an immense fireplace some\\nsix feet wide and three feet deep. There was a broad board seat\\nnext the wall all around, except at the teacher s desk and there\\nwere as many as four or five rows of seats, with an occasional table\\non each side, with a chance for entrance at the ends, and from a\\nnarrow alley through the middle. There were seats in front of the\\ntables or desks on which the smaller pupils sat. These were often\\nso high that they could not touch their feet to the floor. The seats\\nand tables were raised by an inclined plane, two feet or more at the\\nback side of the room. Directly opposite the fireplace, and at the\\nother end of the room, was the teacher s desk, raised two steps\\nabove the fioor. At the northeast corner of the house was a large", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "406 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nentry, where the boys hung their hats, and in the opposite corner\\nof the same end of the room there was a large closet where the girls\\nhung their cloaks and bonnets. It has been said that there was a sort\\nof rivalry between what is now the village school, or district No. i,\\nand school district No. 2. General Bucknam lived in No. 2, near the\\nmouth of Beaver brook. Col. Stephen Wilson lived on the place\\nwhich has passed successively through his hands and Richard Ste-\\nphenson, Ephraim Cross, John Mason,W. J. Brown, Samuel Rowell, J.\\nW. Savage, R. W. Dickson, and is at present occupied by H. S. Hill-\\niard. The extensive Beaver meadows and the beautiful intervales\\nmade the location particularly desirable to Captain Weeks and\\nLieut. Joseph Brackett; and Joseph Toscan sold goods in district\\nNo. 2 as early as any were sold in town. (MS. of James W.\\nWeeks.) This old building, erected about 18 10, in the village dis-\\ntrict, continued in use, somewhat remodeled inside, until 1869, when\\nthe present graded school building was built. In 1870 this old\\nbuilding was moved down Main street and placed upon a lot then\\nmade vacant by the removal of the old county building. Later it\\nwas moved to Canal street and placed upon the rear end of the lot\\nonce occupied by the old Coos hotel. The building was taken down\\nin 1897.\\nDistrict No. 2. The first schoolhouse in district No. 2 was of\\nlogs, and stood on land owned by General Bucknam, on the south\\nside of the road leading from the village to Dalton, and about fifty\\nrods westerly of the site of the old brick schoolhouse that was built\\nin 1837 and pulled down in 1889. The first framed schoolhouse in\\nthat district was built in 1800, on the north side of the road, at\\nthe top of Brackett Hill, as it was called, on land owned by Capt.\\nBriant Stephenson. It was of nearly the same style as that in dis-\\ntrict No. I, a square, flat-roofed structure. The seats, however,\\nwere on the northerly side, rising from the floor on an inclined plane\\nabout two and a half or three feet on the back side of the room.\\nThe space on the floor was occupied by several long, rude benches,\\non which the little children sat, enduring torture from having no\\nmeans of resting their backs or supporting themselves from the floor\\nfor in many cases their legs actually dangled in the air. Some\\nteachers, however, were thoughtful enough to give the little ones\\nsome rest, by allowing them to change their positions by reclining\\nupon the benches, if there was room, or by letting them have a\\nlonger recess out of doors, if the weather would permit of it. Expe-\\nrience taught a lesson of misery never to be forgotten, as the small\\nboys and girls were sometimes required to sit bolt upright, and as\\nrigid as mummies, hour after hour. Some teachers, possibly most\\nof them, were thoughtful and considerate of the comfort of children.\\nThere was one teacher, however, whose whole course of conduct", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 407\\ntoward the small children was brutal. He was too great a coward to\\ntackle the older ones. On one occasion the day was very cold,\\nthe big fireplace was piled high with wood, and the fire roared up\\nthe great chimney, but there was not enough heat to make the\\nroom comfortable at its farthest limits. Many were the permis-\\nsions asked, May I go to the fire? These were granted. After\\nthe larger boys and girls had been allowed to go to the fire and warm\\nthemselves, and a place was open before the great fire, a little fel-\\nlow asked, May I go to the fire? He was allowed to do so;\\nand one after another of the small boys and girls, emboldened by his\\nsuccess, made the same requests until fourteen of them were ranged\\nabout the hearth, when with the fiendish joy of a savage, the master\\narranged them in a semicircle about the roaring fire, then with\\nthe long poker he stirred the fire and added fuel, keeping every\\none of the children in their tracks, while the blood, in two or three\\ncases, ran from their noses. He savagely said to them, I 11 learn\\nyou to ask to go to the fire The school suffered that act of sav-\\nagery as long as it could, when some of the older boys arose and\\ntold the suffering children to go to their seats, and breathed threats\\nof vengeance against the cowardly wretch, who dared not resist their\\norders. The result was, that some of the children were made ill by\\nthe roasting, and the teacher was summarily dismissed from the\\nschool. This man was a clergyman s son, and perhaps he thought\\nit best to put to a practical application some of the theology of the\\ntimes.\\nCapt. Briant Stephenson, before mentioned, was the first clerk of\\nthe district, and held that position for many years. His handwrit-\\ning was almost perfect plain as print. He was a gentleman of\\nthe old school, neat in his personal appearance, and courteous to\\nall. The old book of records, nearly filled by him, has unfortu-\\nnately been lost.\\nAmong the schoolmasters in this old house were Samuel Webb\\nof Lunenburg, Vt., John Dwight Willard, James W. Weeks, and\\nJames M. Rix. Among the schoolmistresses were Miss Eliza\\nMoore, who later married Capt. Charles White, Miss Ann L. Whid-\\nden, Miss Cynthia Stanley, daughter of Lieut. Dennis Stanley.\\nSamuel A. Pearson was superintending school committee for the\\ntown many years, and his visits to the schools near the end of each\\nterm caused a great deal of trepidation among the pupils, as he put\\nthem through a pretty rigid examination, and was somewhat stern\\nin his demeanor. Deacon William Farrar for a time held that office.\\nHe was not as large as Squire Pearson, nor had he as imposing\\na presence but he was thorough, and gave many a boy and girl a\\nset back, who had come to think themselves remarkably profi-\\ncient in their studies. Glibness of tongue failed to impress the dea-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "408 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ncon with a conviction of the sohd attainments of the pupils. Like\\nGradgrind, what he wanted was facts, sir, facts. Another com-\\nmittee man in his remarks, after the examination, ahvays alluded to\\nthe possibility that before him was a future president of the United\\nStates at least there might be a governor or a judge.\\nAnother committee man when he arose to deliver his remarks,\\ndisclaimed the intention to make a speech, but thought it best to\\nthrow out a few hints, invariably interlarding his discourse with\\nLatin phrases and quotations, which the boys and girls knew as lit-\\ntle of as they did of the language of the Indians, who a few years\\nbefore had hunted and fished among these hills and along the\\nstreams.\\nIn 1836 the inhabitants of district No. 2, after a long controversy\\nupon the location, decided to build a brick schoolhouse on the\\nnortherly side of the road, near the mouth of Beaver brook. The\\nlocation was the worst that could have been chosen, the Connec-\\nticut river here coming within four or five roHs of the west and\\nnorth sides of the building and the highway, much traveled, pass-\\ning close to the enclosure, with a high, rocky bank immediately in\\nfront, leaving no play-ground except the dusty and dangerous road,\\nand what could be had by trespass upon the neighboring fields. It\\nwas a compromise measure, and as such measures generally are,\\nwas never entirely satisfactory to either party. The easterly and\\nhill portion of the district wanted it located near where the old\\nschoolhouse had stood; the westerly and southerly, or Cat Bow\\ninhabitants, as they were called, wanted it still farther down the\\nriver. There was a deed in existence conveying the land to the dis-\\ntrict where the log schoolhouse had stood, and the land might have\\nbeen held, if the people of the district had decided to build on that\\nlot but it reverted to the owners of the farm from which it had\\nbeen taken. The plot was thus lost, and the hill portion of the dis-\\ntrict was set off as District No. 14, in 1837.\\nThe brick with which the old brick schoolhouse was built were made\\non the farm of Judge Spencer Clark in Lunenburg, Vt., loaded upon\\na scow and floated down and across the river to the mouth of Beaver\\nbrook. The inner wall was laid up with clay morter, and the plaster\\nlaid upon the bare wall without furring or lathe. One can readily\\nimagine the chilliness and dampness of the house in cold or cloudy\\nweather. There were no means of ventilation except a broad and\\ncapacious fireplace and chimney. In summer the bare walls on\\nthe south and west sides would become heated to a very high tem-\\nperature, there being no blinds to shut out the rays of the\\nblazing sun, and its heat being intensified by the dusty road and\\nscorching bank in front made the room intensely hot. There was\\none compensation, however, the back windows could be raised and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 409\\nthe cool air from the broad and beautiful river, and the fragrance of\\nthe meadows, rich and fair, penetrated the room and renewed some-\\nwhat the languor of spirit that otherwise must have pervaded the\\nplace.\\nThe first term of school taught in this house in the winter of\\n1 837-1 838, was by the late Hon. Benjamin F. Whidden, then a\\nstudent at Dartmouth college. There were about twenty-five\\npupils. The comforable seating capacity of the room was about\\nfifty. Then the pupils were from the families of the Berkeleys,\\nGosses, Whites, Chessmans, Weekses, Fields, Bracketts, Bakers, and\\nLanes on the river road, and the Hodgdons, Mclntires, Stebbinses,\\nand Jennisons from the hill, or what was set off and became district\\nNo. 14. From over the river in Lunenburg, Vt., there were the\\nClarks, Moores, and one or two other families. The second winter\\nterm was commenced by George B. Hemmenway, also a student at\\nDartmouth college, a son of Solomon Hemmenway, whose health\\nfailed so that he had to give up the school. He went to Virginia\\nand remained there until he died of consumption in 1844. He was\\na young man of great promise. Mr. Whidden filled out the remain-\\nder of his term. Whidden was a good teacher, and introduced\\nsome new methods in his work by which the school greatly prof-\\nited. There were then but two terms of school in a year, a winter\\nterm of three months, taught by a man, because all the big boys\\nwere in attendance, and a summer term of the same length, taught\\nby a woman, because only the smaller children attended at that time\\nof the year. The list of teachers among the men employed in this\\nschool is a long and honorable one, college students and those\\nwho had acquired their education in the common school and at the\\nLancaster academy, men who subsequently made honorable records\\nfor themselves in the great, busy world. Among the women were\\nsome mature and experienced teachers, while not a few had just\\nentered upon this means of obtaining a living, some of whom were\\nsuccessful and others utter failures. In those early days, and up to\\nabout i860, this district held its reputation as being foremost in\\nscholarship of any in town, not even excepting the village district,\\nwhich was deservedly high. [This may well have happened, for the\\nvillage district only expended $62.13 for school purposes in 1853,\\nof which $5.13 went to mend the windows, and $4.50 for wood, leav-\\ning $52.50 spent on teachers. In 1859 it spent on account of teach-\\ners $1 12.16, since which time the expenses have grown and the\\nschool has improved in the ratio of expense for teaching talent.\\nEd.]\\nOwing to various changes in the population of district No. 2, the\\nnumber of pupils decreased, and there was not that stimulating\\nrivalry that had formerly obtained, and the school lost its high place", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "4IO HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nin the rank of schools in the town. The old brick schoolhouse was\\nthoroughly repaired in 1854, by a committee consisting of William\\nA. White, John S. Clark, and James S. Brackett. More modern\\nseats and desks displaced the old pine ones, which bore the marks\\nof many a jackknife, in quaint letters and designs. In 1889 the old\\nhouse was dismantled and the present one erected. The present\\nschoolhouse stands on the site of the barns built by Andrew Adams,\\na cousin of the famous John Adams, second president of the United\\nStates. Mr. Adams lived on this farm for many years, and was suc-\\nceeded by his son, Benjamin Adams, who raised a large family.\\nThis house is finished and furnished in accordance with the pro-\\ngressive ideas of the times, with what is necessary for the physi-\\ncal, mental, and moral training of the young and over it floats the\\nflag of our country, as it does over many of the schoolhouses in our\\ntown.\\nDistrict No, 3 comprised the farms and families of the Stock-\\nwells, Pages, Lieut. Dennis Stanley, and several others. The first\\nschoolhouse was built and maintained for a number of years on the\\nhigh bank, on the south side of the old road, a short distance east\\nof the old Stockwell house, now occupied by a grandson of Emmons\\nStockwell. On this farm Emmons Stockwell, David Page, and\\nEdwards Bucknam struck the first blow and felled the first trees to\\nmake a settlement in Lancaster. This old schoolhouse, probably\\nthe first one in town, was built on the same plan of the others men-\\ntioned and described, square, low, and flat-roofed. A. N. Brackett,\\nthen a young man, taught here several terms, and his experience,\\nhe always maintained, was of much benefit to him. The old house\\nbecame too small for the growing number of pupils, and another\\nwas built. It was later moved up to near the place where A. J.\\nCongdon lives, and after a few years it was removed to the site now\\noccupied by it, on the more direct road to Northumberland.\\nDistrict No. 4 was all that remained of the territory not set off\\nby boundaries into school districts in 1794. From this district\\nwere taken all the remaining districts except No. 12, which was a\\npart of No. i, and has been united with it since 1869, and No. 14,\\nwhich was a part of No. 2. There was no schoolhouse built in dis-\\ntrict No. 4 for a long time after those of the districts taken from it.\\nAs now defined it embraces the Aspenwall, McGerry, and Farnham\\nneighborhoods. The district has a comfortable house and an attend-\\nance of over twenty pupils.\\nDistrict No. 5. This district lies along the road from the village\\nto Jefferson Mills, or Riverton, and the cross-roads westerly from the\\nfirst-named road. The first schoolhouse built in this district, then\\ncalled the Gotham district, stood on the south side of the road lead-\\ning from the Jefferson road to the Judge Eastman place, now^ owned", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 411\\nby Charles Chessman, and near where a road leaves this one to\\npass east of Mt. Prospect. It was like the other houses described,\\nwith the exception of its desks, which were so constructed as to seat\\nbut two pupils, and the teacher, without having an elevated platform\\nand desk, had a table and chair on the level of the floor. This\\nhouse was very early used as a place of worship by the Calvinist\\nBaptists, of which faith were the Gothams. People of that faith\\nfrom Jefferson and the east part of the town thronged it on Sundays\\nto hear the scriptures expounded from their point of view. After\\ndistrict No. 1 1 was taken from this district, a new house, more mod-\\nern in architecture and better fitted and adapted to educational pur-\\nposes, was built on the west side of the Jefferson road and on the\\nsouthern slope of LeGro hill, a few rods south of the Samuel Twom-\\nbly place.\\nDistrict No. 6. This is the out east portion of the town. It\\ncomprised the families of Goss, Twombly, John Savage, Balch, and\\nDouglas Spaulding, and others. It became a separate district in 1825,\\nand a schoolhouse was built on the east side of the road, not far\\nfrom the location of the present one. It conformed to the scrip-\\ntural teaching and was built upon a rock. It was built upon a\\nsmooth ledge of rock, difificult of access. It resembled, in general\\nappearance, all those which had preceded it in town. Grace and\\nadornment had not entered into the practical and hard-worked souls\\nand bodies of these men and women who wrought against odds in\\ntheir struggles to make homes for their children and grandchildren.\\nThey conquered the wilderness, and made it blossom as the rose.\\nThey founded schools and churches and if their buildings were not\\nmodels of beauty and art, their characters of honesty and worth are\\nworthy of imitation and remembrance. Many persons now living\\ncan remember the time when this district was very thinly settled.\\nThe woods were everywhere. Now it is beautiful for its scenery,\\nand the well-cultivated farms, neat and commodious farm buildings,\\nall of which is indicative of the intelligence of its inhabitants.\\nDistrict No. 7. This was, not long ago, more sylvan than No.\\n6 but the same general character pervades it now. It comprised,\\nwhen set off as a new district, all of the territory out east not\\nembraced in districts Nos. 4 and 6 that is, all the territory west-\\nerly of the farm of Samuel L. Whidden and now of Reuben F. Car-\\nter, including what is now called Grange village as far as the Abbott\\nplace. The present schoolhouse is said to be the first and only one\\nthe district has had, although it has undergone extensive changes\\nand repairs, with improvements upon the old structure.\\nDistrict No. 8. This district covered a large territory at first.\\nIt extended to take in all the settlements on both sides of Martin\\nMeadow pond as far as Abiel Lovejoy s. The first schoolhouse was", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "412 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbuilt about 1820, and was situated on the westerly side of the road\\nleading to East VVhitefield and about eighty rods north of the house\\nwhere James B. Weeks lived, on the highest point of land on the\\nroad. This house was somewhat of an improvement on some of\\nthe former schoolhouses of the town. It retained the flat roof, high\\nwindows, and the big fireplace as its predecessors had. After this\\nhouse had become dilapidated to a certain extent, and had become\\nunfit for occupancy, another house was built at the forks of the road\\nleading to Whitefield and East Whitefield, very nearly on the site\\nof the dwelling-house once occupied by John W. Brackett, a loca-\\ntion much more pleasant, and more sheltered from the bleak winds\\nthat swept over the height of land where the old house had stood,\\nalthough it does not command as fine a view of the surrounding coun-\\ntry. Mr. John W. Brackett and family were zealous Freewill Bap-\\ntists, and those people of the same faith living^within ten or fifteen\\nmiles of his house made it their centre of religious activities and\\nwhen the old schoolhouse was not otherwise occupied they held\\ntheir meetings in it. Many were the scenes there and then enacted\\nthat would seem very strange to the people of to-day. Prior to the\\nbuilding of the first schoolhouse in this district, as had been the\\ncase in nearly all the others, the school itself went around. Hon.\\nJames W. Weeks, who remembers those events, says of district No.\\n8 There were at least twenty children in this district of school\\nage, and they lived nearly two miles apart. The school would com-\\nmence in a room at Cofifin Moore s (he lived where James E. Mcln-\\ntyre now does), where there were twelve children, but some of them\\nwere away. Reading, writing, and arithmetic were taught. The\\nschool would continue at Moore s two or three weeks, or what was\\nhis proportion of the time, determined by the number of pupils,\\nwhen it would be announced that the school would move. The\\ntime having arrived for moving, the larger boys would take the\\nbenches (which were made of slabs, with sticks set in augur holes\\nfor legs) upon their sleds, and go to J. W. Brackett s, where there\\nwere ten children. A room would be vacated, and the benches\\nmoved in. A table on which to write Hvould be borrowed, or rudely\\nconstructed of pine boards, and the school opened again. The\\nteacher boarded with the family until their proportion of the time\\nwas filled out. Then the school would make another move to J. B.\\nWeeks s, and from there to Mr. Bucknam s, from whence it next\\nwould go to Abial Lovejoy s, and round out its term. The teachers\\nwere women competent to teach the common English branches,\\nand in a few instances they were able to teach the higher branches.\\nDistrict No. 9. This district comprises what is known as the\\nGore. In this district the Leavitts, Wentworths, Moultons, Smiths,\\nand Mardens* received their education. For many years much of", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 413\\nthe territory of this district was a wilderness, but it is now mostly\\nreclaimed, as is most of the land of the entire town.\\nDistrict JSfo. 10. This district was taken from the territory of\\nNo. 8. This district was settled by David Emerson, Elder Lewis,\\nthe Taylors, Bullards, and Straws. When the first schoolhouse was\\nbuilt in this district, the modern ideas of comfort and economy had\\nadvanced so far as to displace the fireplace by stoves. Fireplaces\\nwere no longer considered essential in schoolhouses, and stoves had\\nbecome popular. This district lies in the extreme southwestern cor-\\nner of the town. In early times this section of the town was a\\nfamous resort of game. On one side of it lies that beautiful sheet\\nof water known as Martin Meadow pond, frequented by deer\\nin great abundance and on its banks the otter had his slides.\\nSoutherly lies Cherry mountain, just beyond a dense forest, in which\\nthe shaggy bear was accustomed to roam in quest of his food and\\nhere, too, was to be found the sable, making his nightly raids upon\\nthe squirrels and harmless birds. The hunters and settlers need not\\ngo far for game. Now all this is changed, and this district is a\\nquiet rural section, dotted with farms and much frequented, as\\naffording fine views of the surrounding mountains.\\nDistrict No. II. This district was taken from No. 5, and\\nembraces on the east the farms of Orange Wilder, Richard East-\\nman, and Ezra Darby; on the west the farms of Joseph Howe, Dan-\\niel Stebbins, and John W. Hodgdon. The first schoolhouse was\\nlocated on the old road south of the Darby place. For some years\\nJudge J. W. Weeks was the teacher in this old house. When the\\npresent road to Whitefield was laid out lower down the mountain, a\\nnew schoolhouse was built on the west side of the road, which\\nremained in use until 1895, when it was abandoned and another one\\nbuilt on the north side of the road over Stebbins s hill. The farms\\non the old road high up against the western side of Mt. Prospect,\\nwhere Twombly and Swan lived, have been abandoned and become\\ngrazing fields. This district is now a populous one, and a good\\nschool has been sustained for a number of years.\\nDistrict No. 12. This district was taken from No. i, in 1833,\\nin consequence of a large increase of pupils in the village. Instead\\nof enlarging the schoolhouse, a new district was made out of that\\nportion lying south of Dr. J. E. Stickney s place, now occupied by\\nKent Roberts s store and south of the river. A schoolhouse was\\nbuilt on top of the high sandbank on the Jefferson road, on what is\\nnow the triangular park on Portland street, cornering on Pleasant\\nstreet. The house was a small one, and soon became too small to\\nmeet the demands upon it, and an addition was put on. This dis-\\ntrict took in the Parson Willard place on the west, and what is now\\nElm street, and on the north side, as far as stated, including the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "414 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nReuben Stephenson place (where the Richardson block and Eagle\\nblock stand), and all Middle street to where George R. Bush now\\nlives on the east road to the western boundary of district No. 5.\\nThis district was united to No. i, in 1869, to form Union School\\nDistrict, No. i.\\nDistrict No. 13. For some years this district was known by\\nthis number, and had an existence as a district but it never had a\\nschoolhouse. It embraced that section known as Page hill. It is\\nnow annexed to No. 3, of which it was virtually a part from 1794.\\nDistrict ]Vo. 14. This has been described in connection with\\nNo. 2. It was set off in 1841. It embraces the farms where once\\nlived Capt. John Weeks, Edward Spaulding, John Mclntire, and\\nWilliam Moore, a brother of Cofhn Moore. It has a schoolhouse\\non the north side of the road leading from South Lancaster to the\\nvillage over Stebbins s hill.\\nDistrict No. 15. As late as 1844 this district was a wilder-\\nness known as the Great Rock district. Its schoolhouse is at the\\nforks of the roads which lead to the extreme east part of the town,\\nand the road to Lost Nation, in Northumberland. The settlement and\\ngrowth of this district was chiefly due to the building of mills about\\n1848, on Great brook, by John Hubbard Spaulding. These mills\\nare now known as Whipple s mills. It is now a highly prosperous\\nsection of the town, containing good farms and good citizens. The\\nschool now numbers about twenty-five children.\\nThe Town Syste?n. Until 1885 the old district prevailed. With\\nchanges in the school laws of the state, and the reforms in the\\nadministration of the department of public instruction, the present\\ntown system was put into practice in Lancaster. There is much\\ndifference of opinion as to its advantages over the former system.\\nIt has secured uniformity of text-books and better supervision than\\nunder the district system. It is also true that better teachers are\\nnow employed than before, and newer methods have been intro-\\nduced in instructions now given. The town district has a board of\\neducation, consisting of three members. The town board for the\\nyear 1896, are James E. Mclntire, Gilbert A. Marshall, and J. S.\\nPeavy. The number of schoolhouses in the town district is 10;\\nteachers employed, 10.\\nUNION SCHOOL DISTRICT, NO. i.\\nThe Union of Districts Nos. i and 12 The Graded School Graded\\nSchool Building Relation of the Graded School with Lancas-\\nter Academy The Lancaster High School.\\nIn 1869, after much discussion of the matter, districts Nos. i and\\n12 were united under the name of Union School District, No. i, for\\nthe purpose of maintaining a graded school. The old schoolhouse", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 415\\non the brow of the hill south of Isreals river was sold and the pro-\\nceeds applied to school purposes. The school was conducted in\\nthe old house in No. i until the present graded school building\\nwas erected in 1870. A graded school was then organized, and\\nhas steadily grown in numbers and usefulness. The records of the\\ndistrict for 1 869 are missing but from those of the next few years\\nwe glean the facts that more room was a grave question that\\ncaused concern to those who took an interest in the school. An\\neffort was made to buy the old court-house, standing where the pres-\\nent one now does, of the county for school purposes but the county\\nauthorities refused to sell it. It was finally decided to build a suit-\\nable house, and the present graded school building was the result.\\nIt was finished in 1870. An arrangement was entered into between\\nthe Union district and the Lancaster academy, by which the more\\nadvanced pupils of the district might take advantage of the higher\\ncourse of study offered by the academy, the district paying for the\\nsame, a rate of tuition about that usually charged in high schools.\\nThis arrangement, with several modifications at different times,\\nremained in force until the present year. At an adjourned annual\\nschool-meeting. May 29, 1895, the district voted to establish and\\nmaintain a high school, in which the higher English branches and\\nthe Latin, Greek, and modern languages shall be taught. This action\\nenjoined upon the board of education the necessity of organizing an\\nindependent high school as well as to retain the graded school here-\\ntofore in existence.\\nIn the early period of the existence of Union District, No. i, a\\nprudential committee, of from one to three members, had the super-\\nvision of the school. This was later changed to a board of educa-\\ntion, which at present consists of six members.\\nIn 1894 an effort was made to secure more room to accom-\\nmodate the rapidly growing grades below the high school. At first\\nit was aimed to meet this demand by the enlargement of the present\\ngraded school building, but no vote was secured. Afterward a\\nmove was made to build a primary schoolhouse. This, too, failed to\\nreceive the support of the voters of the district. The matter of more\\nroom was agitated for two years, when, after several votes to build\\ntwo primary schoolhouses were voted down, a vote was passed to\\nbuild a high school building, to cost, when fully equipped, not over\\n$35,000. Later, at a special school meeting, it was voted to rescind\\nthat vote.\\nAt the annual school meeting, March 7, 1894, Mrs. K. B. Fletcher\\nwas elected a member of the board of education, and enjoys the\\ndistinction of being the first woman to serve in that capacity in Lan-\\ncaster. Since then Mrs. Mary R. Kent was appointed to serve out\\na part of the term for which Hon. C. B. Jordan was elected in 1895.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2416 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nShe was reelected at the annual meeting in 1896; and at that time\\nMrs. Lizzie D. Buckley was elected. All these women have been\\nteachers, and have experience coupled with a profound interest in\\nmatters of education, and have proven that women are valuable\\nmembers of school boards.\\nThe school, graded and high, is now thoroughly organized with\\na force of nine teachers engaged for the next school year. A\\nnew course of study has been arranged by the board of educa-\\ntion, and many needed reforms effected, by which the school is fully\\nup to the rank of the best high and graded schools of the state.\\nThere were enrolled in all grades of the school last year, 398\\npupils. There was expended for the same year on the school,\\n$4,936.53. The schoof revenue, including appropriation for build-\\ning, for the ensuing year, is $15,329.17.\\nThe board of education, elected at the last annual school-meeting,\\nis as follows\\nFor the term of three years, Rev. A. N. Somers, president; Mr.\\nJohn L. Moore, secretary and treasurer.\\nFor two years, Mrs. Mary R. Kent and Dr. E. F. Stockwell.\\nFor one year, Mrs. Lizzie D. Buckley and Mr. Charles A. Howe.\\nLANCASTER ACADEMY.\\nLancaster academy is one among the oldest institutions of sec-\\nondary education in the northern part of the state. It was chartered\\nby a special act of the legislature, December 24, 1828, in which\\nWilliam Lovejoy, John W. Weeks, Jared W. Williams, Richard East-\\nman, William Farrar, Thomas Carlisle, Samuel Pearson, Reuben,\\nStephenson, and Adino N. Brackett are named as incorporators.\\nThese were among the most representative men of the town at the\\ntime. The state granted certain lands as an endowment; and the\\nact of its incorporation made $10,000 the limit which might be\\nheld in real estate and personal property. The academy was or-\\nganized February 2, 1829, with William Lovejoy, president; John\\nW. Weeks, treasurer; Jared W. Williams, secretary, and the above-\\nnamed incorporators with them as trustees. This board of trustees\\nwas made perpetual. The academy occupied the old court-house\\non the corner of Main and Bridge streets, from its opening until\\n1830, when a new court-house was built on the site of the pres-\\nent one the old one ceasing to be used as a court-house, re-\\nverted to the original owners of the land on which it stood, the\\nland having been given to the county in 1804, to be used for a\\nsite for a court-house, to revert to the donors in event of its\\nceasing to be so used. The old building was given to the academy,\\nand was moved upon the lot now occupied by the present acad-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 417\\nemy and the Unitarian church, which had formerly been the site\\nof the Httle Old Red Gun House of the Regiment. The building\\nwas enlarged by the addition of twelve feet on the front, which\\nafforded dressing-, recitation-, and apparatus-rooms, and surmounted\\nby a tower in which hung the little old bell that had served the\\ncourt-house, by being mounted on a tripod in front of the building.\\nThe same bell now does service on the graded school building (see\\nchapter on the court-houses). The work on the building was done\\nby Richard Eastman, one of the trustees, who was a carpenter.\\nFor many years this academy was an important institution of\\nlearning for a large section of country. Students attended it from\\nColebrook, Maidstone, Lunenburg, St. Johnsbury, Whitefield, Little-\\nton, Bath, and Haverhill. Its classes were large, and it enjoyed the\\nlabors of many very able teachers. From the time of its opening\\nuntil within thirty years, it had a patronage sufificient to enable it\\nto run as an independent school but since the public schools have\\ndeveloped rapidly and are better organized and equipped with good\\nteachers and appliances at the public cost, academies, and all other\\nprivate schools, not amply endowed, have gradually fallen into de-\\ncay, and are no longer able to compete with the free public schools\\noffering equally as good advantages. Lancaster academy, having\\na very small endowment, suffered quite as badly as the average\\nacademy in New Hampshire for lack of patronage.\\nIn 1844 the records show ninety-three students, paying tuition at\\nthe rate of $3.50 a term, and the trustees advertising that good\\nboard could be had in private houses from $1 to $1.50 per week.\\nDaniel C. Pinkham was then preceptor.\\nAt the close of the fall term of the school that year was held a\\nnotable exhibition, in accordance with a rule of the academy, at the\\nold meeting-house on the hill, it being the last public service of any\\nkind held in that building before it was moved to its present loca-\\ntion on Main street. Preceptor Pinkham said of that event years\\nafterward: The belfry of the house was dilapidated, the windows\\nand doors all broken down, the pews were badly damaged, and in\\nevery respect the house was entirely unfit for occupancy. By board-\\ning up the windows and doors, putting a stove into the body of the\\nhouse, and running the pipe through a window, we made it not\\ncomfortable, but tenantable. By the indulgence of the audience,\\nwe succeeded in going through with our performance to the satis-\\nfaction of the school and the public. This exhibition was an elab-\\norate affair, judging from the following programme furnished me by\\nthe late Judge B. F. Whidden a few months before his death and\\nas it was a typical performance, in which the boys and girls of the\\nschool were required to take part, I reproduce it here for the benefit\\nof the interested ones of the present generation and those to come.\\n-7", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "4i8\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThese exhibitions took place at the end of the fall term from the\\nopening of the academy down to about the time of the late Civil\\nWar, when other interests took their place. Also in the earliest\\ndays of the school the students were required to visit the old meet-\\ning-house on Sundays and listen to the sermons, and on Monday\\nmorning make a report of them as a part of their school duties.\\nEXHIBITION!\\nAT THE OLD MEETING-HOUSE IN\\nLANCASTER,\\nTuesday Evening Nov. 26 1844. Commencing at 5 o clock, precisely, when will\\nbe performed the following pieces.\\nPRAYER.\\nSalutatory, H. C. Harriman.\\nDIALOGUE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE ARCHERS.\\nPrince John,\\nDe Bracy,\\nOUR SCHOOL\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (Orig.)\\nJ. I. Williams. I Locksley,\\nE. Sawyer. Herbert,\\nMUSIC.\\nH. O. Kent.\\nW. R. Joyslin.\\nW. H. SMITH.\\nRICHELIEU. A Drama.\\nLouis King of France\\nRichelieu\\nChavigni\\nLatemas Richelieti s Party,\\nNorman\\nCount de Blenanu\\nCinq Mars\\nFontrailles J\\nOration Orig.\\nE. Brown.\\nJ. H. Spaulding.\\nWm. Stockwell.\\nE. R. Derby.\\nCurtis Bean.\\nParsons.\\nWm. H. Farrar.\\nG. Stephenson.\\nDuke of Orleans\\nHenri de La Mothe\\nPhilip the woodsman\\nAnne Queen of France\\nMadam de Beaumonte\\nPauline de Beaumonte\\nMad lle de Hauteford\\nLouise\\nSoldiers, Robbers and attendants.\\nMUSIC.\\nTHE OMNIBUS.\\nWm. Meserve.\\nHanson.\\nJ. T. Bullard.\\nMiss Mary Page.\\nMiss Andalusia Gould.\\nMiss Caroline Perry.\\nMiss Mary Pinkham.\\nMiss Rachael Bullard.\\nJ. H. Balch.\\nA FARCE.\\nLeger,\\nPat Rooney,\\nMr. Dobbs,\\nTom Dobbs,\\nDeclamation. Orig.\\nE. Brown.\\nE. W. Porter.\\nWm. Meserve.\\nO. G. Stephenson.\\nFarrier s Boy,\\nJulia Leger,\\nMrs. Dobbs,\\nLadies, c.\\nB. F. Hunking.\\nMiss Harriet Blanchard.\\nMiss Rachael Bullard.\\nB. F. Hunking.\\nmusic.\\nAlonzo, Spanish General\\nZanga, Captive Moor,\\nCarlos, Alonzo s friend,\\nManuel, Attendant.\\nTHE REVENGE.\\nA TRAGEDY.\\nDon Alvarez, a Courtier,\\nJ. H. Balch.\\nA. B. Davis.\\nE. W. Porter.\\nParsons.\\nJarius T. Bullard.\\nLeonora, his Daughter, Miss Mary Pinkham.\\nIsabella, Moor s Mistress, Miss Mary Page.\\nMUSIC.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION.\\n419\\nOration Orig. J. H. Spaulding.\\nMUSIC.\\nTo conclude with the Comedy of\\nCOLLEGE LIFE!\\nDramatised by the late Judge Nelson Cross of Boston, Mass.\\nFrank Webber, j\\nCapt. Power, I\\nCharley O Malley Co\\nHarry Nesbit, I s\\nCecil Cavendish, 2\\nMoore, 5\\nist Jib, I\\n2d Jib, J\\nMickey Free, Servt.\\nDr. Mooney, The Purser.\\nJ.G\\nStephenson.\\nJ. H. Balch.\\nA. B. Davis.\\nE. Brown.\\nClemens.\\nWm. Meserve.\\nWhite.\\nC. Bean.\\nE. W. Porter.\\nLord Beaumond,\\nSir Geo. Dashwood,\\nMansfield, rj\\nCurtis, I\\nMelville,\\nTelford, J\\nServ t of Sir Geo.,\\ndemons.\\nCurtis Bean.\\nO. G. Stephenson.\\nClemons.\\nE. Brown.\\n0. G. Stephenson.\\nMiss Lucy Dashwood, Parsons.\\nMiss Maccan (alias Webber), J. G. Stephenson.\\nNote. The Archers was from Scott s Ivanhoe, the passage of arms at Ashby,\\nJ. I. Williams, son of Gov. J. W. Williams of Lancaster, still resides here, and is a civil\\nengineer and surveyor. Edmund Sawyer, a son of Robert Sawyer of Lancaster, for\\nsome years a tailor in Lancaster, died in New York, 1S56. Henry O. Kent, son of\\nthe late R. P. Kent of Lancaster, has had a varied and successful career as journalist,\\nstatesman and financier. He is now officially connected with the Lancaster Sav-\\nings bank and the Lancaster Trust Company. W. R. Joyslin, son of a Lancaster\\nmerchant and now a Congregational minister at Centreville, Mass. W. H. Smith\\n(Uncle Bill) of Lancaster. Retired from business cares, and spends his summers in Lan-\\ncaster, and the winters with his son in Washington, D. C. Edmund Brown was of Lan-\\ncaster, now deceased. J. Hubbard Spaulding of Lancaster. He was connected with the\\nTip-Top House, on Mt. Washington, and wrote and published Historical Relics of the\\nWhite Mountains and a concise White Mountain Guide in 1S56. W^illiam Stockwell,\\na grandson of Emmons Stockwell, one of the first settlers of the town, went to Califor-\\nnia soon after the discovery of gold there in 1S49, i died there, or on the way there.\\nEdwin R. Derby of Lancaster, a brother of Capt. John Derby, was a bookseller in Cedar\\nRapids, Iowa; died 1896. W. H. Farrar, a son of Deacon William Farrar of Lancaster,\\nbecame a lawyer. He went to Oregon at an early date, was in Washington, D. C, dur-\\ning the war, and died in Providence Hospital there soon after the close of the war.\\nJohn G. Stephenson, son of Reuben Stephenson of Lancaster, went to Indiana. With\\nSenator H. S. Lane, he accompanied President Lincoln to Washington at the time of\\nhis inauguration in 1861. He was made librarian of congress, and had for an assistant\\nthe present incumbent of that office, A. R. Spofford. He died at Washington about ten\\nyears ago. J. T. Bullard, a son of Reverend Bullard, minister of the M. E. church in\\nLancaster. Miss Rachel Bullard was his sister. Mary Page was a descendant of Capt.\\nDavid Page, one of the first settlers of the town. She married Thomas Shepherd Hall,\\nand now lives in New York. Andalusia Gould was a Lancaster lady. Caroline Perry\\nwas a daughter of Rev. David Perry, at the time minister of the Congregational church\\nin Lancaster. Mary Pinkham was a daughter of Elder Daniel Pinkham of Lancaster,\\nnow wife of Martin L. Burbank of Shelburne. J. H. Balch, a son of a Lancaster farmer,\\nwent to Louisiana as a teacher, and died there. E. W. Porter of Lancaster was many\\nyears with the fire department of Portland, Me. O. G. Stevenson, a brother of J. G.,\\nalready mentioned, went to Ohio in 1S54, and later to Marshall, 111., where he still\\nresides. Harriet Blanchard was a daughter of Hebar Blanchard of Lancaster was sec-\\nond wife of Edmund Brown, now deceased. B. F. Hunking of Lancaster, died a few\\nyears since. Albert Bradley Davis became an actor of note, and was for many years\\nmanager of McVicker s theatre in Chicago, 111.\\nIn 1862 the present academy building was erected at a cost of\\n$2,350. Gilman Colby had the contract at that figure. The old\\nbuilding was sold for $70. A few years previous to this time a sum\\nof $18,000 had been paid by the Atlantic St. Lawrence railroad", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "420 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nin default of a contract to build its road through Lancaster. This\\nsum of money, after repaying certain persons for their time and\\nexpenses they had been to in securing the promise of the road\\nthrough the town, was at first invested in building the old Lancaster\\nHouse. When the hotel was sold, the proceeds were turned over to\\nthe academy.\\nIn its new building the academy has had a prosperous career up\\nto within the last few years, when its patronage has been drawn from\\nit through the improved condition of the public schools. Li 1878\\nthe academy observed its semi-centennial in an interesting manner.\\nThe former teachers, students, and officers assembled, and in speech,\\nsong, and banquet revived old memories and associations. Inter-\\nesting speeches, too long to reproduce here, were made by Hon.\\nB. F. Whidden, D. C. Pinkham, a former preceptor. Judge James\\nW. Weeks, and Col. Henry O. Kent. These speeches were pub-\\nlished in the Independent Gazette, June 12 and 19. They were\\nfull of reminiscences and anecdotes relating to the olden times of\\nthe academy.\\nIn 1 88 1 an arrangement was entered into between the trustees\\nof the academy and the board of education of Union school dis-\\ntrict, No. I, by which the advanced pupils of that district might\\nhave the benefit of the instruction and graduation offered by the\\nacademy, by the payment of three and a third dollars per capita per\\nterm, the minimum sum of such tuition not to be less than two hun-\\ndred and twenty-five dollars a year. This gave the students of both\\nthe same advantages on the same conditions with respect to scholar-\\nship. This contract was made for one year, with the understanding\\nthat it could be extended or annulled, as experience might warrant.\\nThis arrangement has continued in force, with some modifica-\\ntions, down to the present time; By a vote of Union district. No.\\nI, at its annual meeting (adjourned session) May 29, 1895, the\\nboard of education was instructed to organize and maintain a high\\nschool. This action will necessarily terminate the relation between\\nthe two schools as here described.\\nThe present board of trustees of the academy are Hon. James W.\\nWeeks, president and treasurer; Hon. B. F. Whidden (deceased),\\nCol. H. O. Kent, Geo. S. Stockwell, Edward Spaulding, Jared I.\\nWilliams, Hon. Everett Fletcher, Hon. Joseph D. Howe; Hon. E.\\nFletcher, acting secretary.\\nThe preceptors have been Nathaniel Wilson, Walter P. Flanders,\\nWilliam H. Hadley, Moses Johnson, Ezra E. Adams, George Bars-\\ntow, Harry Hibbard, Benjamin F. Whidden, John H. Wakefield,\\nEHhu T. Rowe, Moses H. White, Thomas L. Wakefield, Daniel C.\\nPinkham, Truman Ricard, Samuel A. Lord, S. E. Cummings, Adino\\nJ. Burbank, David R. Lang, Daniel A. Bowe, Sylvester Marsh, Har-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "^n\\n1\\ni\\nk^^HK^^n\\n^K\\nliP^^^\\nHBjKh\\n^^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0M\\nH^P^B^^^j ^S\\nm\\nIm^^^\\nH^Klni\\n^^s\\ni-M\\nm\\nIW^\\nw\\\\\\nmm\\n^^^g\\ni\\nf i^jBMflE|\\nBte\\n^M\\nCatholic Church and Rectory,\\nLSAIJOKE H. NOISSIEC", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "i^\\nfciJt^\\nA)\\n.W.: i^.\\ni\\n3\\n1\\nm^.4.:-.\\n^:;:i^.-^-^\\n.^K^KP^\\n1\\nf y a\\n1 1 ^J^Mfllfci^ ^l i\\nII\\nN\u00c2\u00bb|3|\\n-fWHtltiTiiilt^ lag\\nMethodist Church.\\nUX IT. via AN CUL KCH.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 421\\nIan W. Page, William A. Odell, Lyman Walker, A. W. Tenney,\\nO. C. Palmer, J. C. Irish, S. A. Jones, A. K. Whitcomb, Jonathan\\nSmith, William W. Holman, William W. Morrill, G. C. Fisher, Rich-\\nard Sanborn, Rolfe, J. W. Armington, W, A. Burbeck, Thos.\\nMacomBer, Isaac L. Rogers, F. B. Spaulding, and D. T. Timber-\\nlake.\\nThe legislature of 1897 passed an act authorizing the acceptance\\nby Union school district of the academy property conditioned for\\nthe maintenance of school buildings on the old academy site and\\nthe designation of Lancaster Academy and High School for both.\\nThe act was ratified and the Academy and High School are now\\nmerged as one.\\nCHAPTER X.\\nTHE CHURCHES.\\nThe First Congregational Church The Unitarian Church The Meth-\\nodist Episcopal Church The Baptist Church The Roman Catho-\\nlic Church The Protestant Episcopal Church Other Sects that\\nhave Preached in Lancaster.\\nHISTORY OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.\\nBy Rev. Geo. H. Tilton, Pastor.\\nIt was customary a century ago in New England for each town\\nto provide for the preaching of the gospel within its own limits.\\nThe early settlers of Lancaster were strong men, who did their own\\nthinking and had the courage of their convictions. It could not be\\nexpected that they would agree perfectly respecting the doctrines of\\nreligion. But as the town was new and the citizens few in number,\\nthey could sustain only one church, for which an appropriation was\\nmade at each annual town-meeting. For the first few years, however,\\nthe neighboring towns of Guildhall and Northumberland cooperated\\nwith Lancaster in paying the preacher s salary, and he gave them a\\nproportionate share of his time. Although several ministers preached\\nin these towns each for a brief period, we know little of their history\\nexcept that they were paid largely in produce raised on the farms.\\nAs early as 1786 the town of Lancaster voted that thirty-two\\ndollars be assessed to hire preaching the ensuing summer, and that\\nMajor Jonas Wilder, Edwards Bucknam, and Lieut. Emmons Stock-\\nwell be a committee to hire a minister. Money must have been\\nscarce in those days, as we read that the Rev. Lathrop Thompson\\nin 1787 preached six Sundays for five bushels of wheat per day.\\nOn the 1 8th of August, 1788, a meeting of the freeholders and other", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "422 HISTORY OF LANCASTER,\\ninhabitants of the town of Lancaster was held in Col. Jonas Wilder s\\nbarn to take action about settling a gospel minister. A committee\\nwas appointed for this purpose, with Colonel Wilder as chairman.\\nRev. Mr. Thompson was retained for a time, and received a vote of\\nthanks from the town for his services. In 1790, Rev. Benjamin Bell\\nwas hired at a salary of three hundred bushels of wheat annually,\\nwith the privilege of three weeks vacation.\\nIn 1 79 1 a Mr. Thurston preached. During that year action was\\ntaken with regard to building a meeting-house. A committee was\\nappointed to find a suitable spot, and after reporting, were author-\\nized to lay out six acres on the plain above tlie sand hill as the\\nmeeting-house plot.\\nThis committee consisted of the seven following names Cols.\\nEdwards Bucknam and Jonas Wilder, Capts. John Weeks and David\\nPage, Lieuts. Emmons Stockwell, Joseph Brackett, and Dennis\\nStanley.\\nA plan having been adopted, the following method of raising the\\nnecessary funds was recommended\\nThat the pews be sold at public vendue. That each person give his note to\\nthe committee, who shall be authorized to receive the pay and appropriate the\\nsame. That the whole sum be divided into four parts, to be paid the four next\\nsucceeding years. That four shillings on the pound be paid in cash or salts of\\nlye, and the rest in wheat at four shillings per bushel, or beef at seventeen shil-\\nlings and sixpence per hundred weight, with this i^estriction, that the committee\\nshall receive each man s equal proportion of timber, boards, clapboards, shingles,\\netc., if good and merchantable, and delivered when the committee shall call for\\nthem.\\nThese conditions were accepted by the people, and Lieuts. Em-\\nmons Stockwell, Jeremiah Wilcox, Capt. John W^eeks, Jonas Wilder,\\nJr., and Jonas Baker were appointed as building committee.\\nThe meeting-house was ready for occupancy in 1794. Its site is\\nknown as meeting-house hill, where it stood until 1845, when it\\nwas removed to the foot of the hill near Isreals river, and has since\\nbeen used as a town hall, though the ownership is vested in the\\nMasonic fraternity, by whom it has been remodeled and enlarged.\\nThe first settled pastor was the Rev. Joseph Willard, a broad,\\nliberal-minded man, who had served in the War of the Revolution.\\nHe was descended from one of the best families of New England.\\nHis father was the Rev. John Willard, D. D., of Stafford, Conn.,\\nand his uncle was the Rev. Dr. Joseph Willard, president of Har-\\nvard college, and his great-great-grandfather, the Rev. Samuel\\nWillard, was vice-president of the same institution. His brother, the\\nRev. John Willard, was settled over the Congregational church in\\nLunenburg, Vt., in 1802, the year of its organization, and remained\\nits pastor for many years. And so it happened that the two broth-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 423\\ners, Joseph and John, were for a long time contemporary pastors of\\nneighboring churches.\\nThe Congregational church of Lancaster was organized on the\\n17th of July, 1794, under the leadership of Parson Willard, who was\\ninstalled as its pastor on the eighteenth of September of that year,\\nthe churches of Conway, Rochester, and Fryeburg, Me., being rep-\\nresented in the council.\\nThe original members of the church were twenty-four in number,\\nand their names are given as follows Jonas^ Wilder, John Rose-\\nbrooks, Elisha Wilder, Joseph Brackett, Jonas Baker, Samuel Phelps,\\nNathaniel Sheperd, Phineas Bruce, Reuben Lamson, Joseph Wilder,\\nElizabeth Wilder, Mehitabel Wilder, Sarah Rosebrooks, Mary\\nBrackett, Lydia Rosebrooks, Mindwell Clark, Betty Baker, La-\\nvina Phelps, Deborah Weeks, Persis Everett, Elizabeth Saunders,\\nPolly Wilder, Sarah Stanley, Ruth Stockwell.\\nThese names are appended to the short and simple creed and\\ncovenant, which was doubtless drawn up by Mr. Willard, who acted\\nas clerk of the church till his resignation in 1822. The creed was\\nsufficiently indefinite to admit to membership all who called them-\\nselves Christians, whether Armenians or Calvinists, Orthodox or\\nLiberals. The doctrine of the trinity is vaguely stated in the first\\narticle, which reads\\nWe believe in God the Father Ahiiighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and in\\nhis Son Jesus Christ, as the sole Saviour of the world, and in the Holy Ghost, as\\nthe comforter and sanctifier of the people and Church of God.\\nThere is no doubt that this broad creed represented the broad-\\nness of the pastor s mind, and its breadth may have seemed to him\\nnecessary in order to include all the diverse religious views of the\\nmembers. This latitudinarian creed, however, did not prevent the\\ndevelopment of two factions within the church, the one orthodox\\nand the other liberal. Mr. Willard, adhering to his liberal views,\\nrefrained from expounding doctrinal themes in the pulpit, and his\\nmind seemed singularly free from doctrinal thoughts. For this rea-\\nson his ministry was wanting in that power and aggression which\\nwas deemed so essential in those days. A strong creed, with a man\\nof strong convictions behind it, built up many a strong church in\\nthose early days, for the people were trained by the great Puritan\\ndivines to think their thought after them. But here was a weak\\ncreed, vague in its doctrinal teachings, with a pastor who held lib-\\neral notions respecting some of the evangelical tenets, and the result\\nwas that the church lacked cohesion and strength. Notwithstand-\\ning Mr. Willard s excellent character, which every one respected, he\\nfailed to hold the people together, and they on their part failed to\\ngive him an adequate support. It was stipulated that he should", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "424 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nreceive fifty pounds a year to be increased to eighty pounds as soon\\nas the growth of the town should warrant it. Instead of being\\nincreased, it gradually fell off, and he complains in his letter of res-\\nignation in 1822 For a number of years I have received upon an\\naverage considerably short of $200 per annum, which, you must\\nbe sensible, is far from being an adequate support. Three years\\nbefore this he wanted to resign on account of troubles in the church,\\nbut was overruled by some of the members who wished him to make\\na further trial. Matters, however, grew worse rather than better.\\nTo quote again from his letter of resignation, It is unhappily the\\ncase that this town is very much divided in religious sentiment, one\\ncrying out for Paul and another for Apollos. The records of these\\nyears show also a deterioration in public morals. Intoxication was\\nnot uncommon even in the church, and one of the deacons was con-\\nstrained to resign on account of the too free use of ardent spirits.\\nDiscipline had also to be exercised in respect of other and more\\ndelicate matters. No wonder that Parson Willard was discouraged\\nHe had allowed persons to come into the church on their simple\\nsubscription to the creed, without special inquiry into their motives,\\nand the piety of the body was at a low ebb. The elements of dis-\\nunion which were destined a few years later to separate it into two\\nrival bodies, were already at work in the congregation.\\nThe large and influential council which met to dissolve the pas-\\ntoral relation, October 16, 1822, came to the unanimous conclusion\\nthat Mr. Willard s request should be granted. The council found\\nthat his health was much impaired, that his salary was inadequate\\nto the support of a clergyman, and above all it was evident that the\\npeople were in a scattered, divided, and broken condition, and that\\nthe prospect of Mr. Willard s usefulness was very small. At the\\nsame time the council felt called upon to reprove the people It\\nis not in our hearts to condemn you, they said, but we very\\nreadily say that had every one done his duty, it is our opinion that\\nthings would not so soon have arrived to their present state.\\nSo far as intemperance is concerned, it should be borne in mind\\nthat the drinking customs of that day were different from what they\\nhave come to be since. Liquors were kept on the sideboard in\\nalmost every home where they could be afforded, and even clergy-\\nmen counted it no disgrace to take a friendly glass.\\nAt the time of Mr. Willard s dismission the church, with all its\\nfaults, had some members of deep and earnest piety. They deter-\\nmined to meet statedly on the Lord s day and invite others to meet\\nwith them, and when they had no preaching, to maintain the pub-\\nlic, solemn worship of God by attending to praying, singing, and\\nreading sermons, hoping to meet with a blessing from on high, and\\nin this way to keep together agreeably to covenant obligations.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 425\\nNotwithstanding her trials, this old first church was yet destined\\nto be the mother of churches. From worshipers within her walls\\nthe Methodists were largely recruited, as were the Unitarian and\\nEpiscopal congregations in later years.\\nAfter the dismissal of Mr. Willard the people sought to secure a\\nnew pastor without delay. Their attention was directed to the Rev.\\nJames R. Wheelock who, after a pastorate of four years at Newport,\\nhad recently been dismissed from his charge. He seemed a most\\ndesirable candidate, and the people after hearing him preach, gave\\nhim a call. In this call some of the families in Guildhall united and\\nassumed part of the salary. He was to receive in all $450 a year,\\nthe people of Guildhall paying $113 as their portion, in considera-\\ntion of which Mr. Wheelock was to preach every fourth Sunday in\\nthat town. In regard to the $337 to be raised by the people of\\nLancaster, it was agreed that a third should be paid in cash, and\\nthe remainder in wheat, rye, oats, pork, beef, butter, and cheese.\\nOf the amount to be paid in Guildhall, the pastor was to be content\\nwith a fourth part in cash.\\nIn accepting the call, Mr. Wheelock asked the people to provide\\nhim, in addition to the sum specified, a suitable parsonage and\\ntwenty-five cords of hard wood, annually. To these terms he sup-\\nposed the people had acceded, and so did the council which was\\ncalled to install him, Jan. 27, 1824. But at this point an unfortu-\\nnate misunderstanding occurred. Probably the people did intend\\nto provide him a parsonage, for they had said as much in their letter\\nof invitation and had the new pastor succeeded in winning the\\nhearts of his people, all might have gone well. But this he failed\\nto do. He was a man of fine scholarship and of upright character;\\na grandson of the first and a son of the second president of Dart-\\nmouth college; and yet, before a single year had closed, he was\\nconstrained to ask for a dismission. The people had done nothing\\nto secure him a parsonage, and virtually withheld their sympathy\\nand support, complaining that he was formal and stiff in his bear-\\ning and Calvinistic in his theology. And yet, this act was one of\\nthe links in the chain of cause and effect. The church, as we have\\nseen, was weakened by factions within itself. The liberal party\\nwould take no interest in Mr. Wheelock s Calvinistic views, and the\\northodox party were too feeble to sustain him alone, and they had\\nno heart to make the effort.\\nThe end of this unfortunate pastorate left the church feeble and\\ndiscouraged. It is almost pitiable to see the people turn again to\\ngood old Parson Willard and reengage him for $150 a year, with\\nthe privilege of reading his old sermons. But the preaching days\\nof this godly man were nearly over. He died suddenly on Sunday\\nmorning, July 22, 1826, and lies buried in the old cemetery, where", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "426 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\na plain white marble slab marks his resting-place. His death was\\nlamented by all, and his name will ever hold an honored place in\\nthe history of the church and the town. That the church did not\\nenjoy greater spiritual prosperity during his long ministry was due\\nin part to his loose theology and in part to the opposite and irrecon-\\ncilable views of its members.\\nFor the next three years little interest was manifested, and things\\nwere allowed to drift. A good man of the name of Orange Scott\\ncame this way, a Wesleyan Methodist, who preached in the town\\nchurch for about a year, and succeeded in gaining the good-will of\\nall the people and also in strengthening the cause of Methodism in\\nthe town.\\nThe next minister was the Rev. John Fitch. Mr. Fitch resided\\nin Guildhall, where he taught the Essex county grammar school,\\noften spoken of in those days as the Guildhall academy, since re-\\nmoved to Concord, Vt.\\nIn 1829 the church engaged the services of the Rev. Luke A.\\nSpofford, who is most honored in the person of his son, Ainsworth\\nR. Spofford, the distinguished bibliographer and librarian of con-\\ngress. During, his pastorate of three years, Mr. Spofford built with\\nhis own hands the house now occupied by Mr, Cyrus D. Allen,\\nwhich was long used as a parsonage.\\nIn 1832 there was a revival in the church, owing to a protracted\\nmeeting, in which no less than eight of the neighboring clergymen\\ntook part. These meetings were directed by a Mr. Holt, who sup-\\nplied the pulpit for a short time. As a result of this awakening\\nmore than forty persons united with the church. This made the\\noutlook more hopeful than it had been for years. But there were\\nbreakers ahead, though scarcely visible at the time.\\nOne of the eight men just spoken of as assisting in the revival\\nwas the Rev. Andrew Govan, a Scotchman from Barnet, Vt. The\\npeople liked him and called him to the vacant pastorate. Though\\nhe was eccentric and a rigid Calvinist, he had a strong personality,\\nand the church was much quickened during his three years pastor-\\nate. He labored hard to stiffen the old creed in the interests of\\nCalvinism. He was especially anxious to emphasize the doctrine of\\nregeneration by inserting the words of Titus 3:5, He saved us\\nthrough the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy\\nGhost. The liberal party strongly opposed this revision of the\\ncreed, and succeeded in fighting it off. This movement, obstinately\\npressed by Mr. Govan, and persistently resisted by the liberals,\\nresulted in the discomfiture of the former, who was constrained to\\nresign August 25, 1835. Twenty-seven had joined the church dur-\\ning his pastorate of three years.\\nThe orthodox members now resolved to secede from the church,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 427\\nwhich they did under the leadership of the Rev. Edward Buxton, a\\nyoung man just beginning his ministerial work. On Friday, Sep-\\ntember 23, 1836, thirty-eight members of the church convened in\\nthe court-house and drew up and signed a strong Calvinistic creed,\\nin which all the evangelical doctrines were stated unequivocally.\\nThe article on the Trinity was changed so as to read as follows\\nWe believe that God is revealed in the Scriptures, as the Father, the Son,\\nand the Holy Ghost, and that these three are one, and in all divine attributes\\nequal.\\nThis action of the church was ratified by a council which met\\nOctober 12, 1836, and thus was formed\\nTHE ORTHODOX CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF LANCASTER.\\nThe new creed was signed by the following persons William\\nFarrar, Porter G. Freeman, John Wilson, Horace Whitcomb, John\\nC. Howe, John Wilder, Ephraim Wilder, James Stone, Samuel L.\\nWhidden, Oilman Wilder, Edmund C. Wilder, Daniel Stebbins,\\nEdward Spaulding, John Stalbird, Sarah Cady, Persis Everett, Edna\\nPorter, Elizabeth Smith, Olive B. Holkins, Mehitabel Wilder, Mary\\nS. H. Stickney, Tryphena Farrar, Abigail A. Bergin, Lucinda Baker,\\nCatharine J. Whitcomb, Lydia Howe, Mercy Freeman, Mary N.\\nWhidden, Rhoda Wilder, Sophronia Denison, Rebecca Denison,\\nRuth E. George, Harmony Moore, Amanda Stebbins, Sarah Ann\\nMoore, Mary Jane Moore, Sarah White, Lydia Bellows, Martha Phil-\\nlips, Anna Bergin, Louisa Stebbins, Persis Fayette Weeks, Julia J.\\nJoslyn, Sally B. Stalbird, Ann L. Whidden, and Clarissa Hemenway.\\nAt the meeting of the council the following article relating to tem-\\nperance was adopted and put on record\\nIn view of the evils brought upon the community and upon the church by the\\nuse of distilled liquors, we promise to abstain wholly from the use and sale of\\nthem, except as a medicine.\\nIt is needless to relate ihe excitement and bitter personal feeling\\nwhich followed this act of secession, or to mention the gulf of sepa-\\nration between the mother church and the seceders which required\\nseven years to bridge over. The seceders, in order to justify them-\\nselves in their unwonted course, requested Dea. William Farrar, a\\nlawyer by profession, to draw up a paper setting forth the reasons\\ntherefor, and this is the substance of what he prepared\\nIn our judgment such a step was required of us that we might be faithful to\\nthe Saviour, to whom we feel bound by the highest possible obligations. The\\ngrounds of these obligations we believe to be set forth in the following funda-\\nmental doctrines of the Gospel\\nThe sovereignty of God in the salvation of sinners the divinity of Christ, by\\nwhich he thought it not robbery to be equal with God the atonement which he", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "42 8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nmade for the sins of the world, by suffering in the sinner s stead, the just for the\\nunjust the total destitution of the human heart by nature of true holiness the\\nnecessity of a radical, instantaneous change of the disposition of the heart from\\nsin to holiness by the special influences of the Holy Spirit in order to salvation\\nand that the present life is the only period in which any of the human race may\\nreceive the grace of regeneration, which is essential to salvation.\\nSuch being our view of the Christian doctrines, from which we infer that men\\nshould honor the Son even as they honor the Father, how could we remain in a\\nsituation in which we should be compromising with those who either reject or\\nlightly esteem these doctrines? While systematic and persevering efforts are mak-\\ning to introduce into the churches a system of faith which rejects these doctrines,\\nwe could not be satisfied with anything short of a full and unequivocal declaration\\nof them. The light which is to guide souls to heaven must be held forth dis-\\ntinctly.\\nHow could we retain our membership in a church in which the fundamental\\ndoctrines of the Gospel were so obscurely stated or implied in the articles of faith\\nthat they were constantly subscribed by persons who entirely rejected them? The\\nchurch had refused to incorporate into its articles a smgle verse of Scripture\\n[Titus 3 :5] expressing the necessity of regeneration and the sovereignty of God\\nin the salvation of sinners.\\nNow when we saw that this state of things caused error to prevail and the\\nlove of many to wax cold, and that some in the church were assisting to raise a\\nstandard which we believe to be another Gospel; and when, in fine, we were per-\\nsuaded that said church could not be extricated from such a state of things under\\nthe existing organization, was it not to be expected that we should earnestly desire\\nto be reorganized? As we could see no way to accomplish this result without\\nsecession from the said church, we have therefore seceded from it and formed our-\\nselves into a new church, known by the name of\\nTHE ORTHODOX CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN LANCASTER.\\nAs we might expect in such a condition of things there was grief\\nas well as bitterness. There were those who deeply regretted this\\ndivision in the Congregational body and one or two spasmodic ef-\\nforts were made for a re-union. To this end we find recorded a\\nmeeting of the mother church on the i6th of March, 1837, which\\na committee was appointed to see if a union could not be brought\\nabout. Among the prominent male members of the old church at\\nthis time were Richard Eastman, Adino N. Brackett, Gorham Lane,\\nCharles Baker, John Mason and Seth Savage. Nothing came of this\\nmovement and no further action was taken for several 3^ears. Only\\ntime and the grace of God could soften the asperities of temper and\\nheal the hearts so sorely wounded. Meanwhile the new church\\nmoved on under the leadership of good men and in 1839 a church\\nedifice was commenced. The mother church soon ceased to hold\\nmeetings owing to the impossibility of maintaining a separate organ-\\nization.\\nMr. Buxton, who had led the secession movement of the new\\nchurch, accepted a call to Boscawen (now Webster) where he spent\\nthe remainder of his life, preaching his forty-fifth anniversary ser-\\nmon in 1882.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 429\\nAfter him came the Rev. C. W. Richardson, who preached for a\\nshort time, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Edward Burke, a\\nyoung man from Woodstock, Vt., who was here during the building\\nof the new meeting-house, and preached the sermon at its dedication.\\nHe was regarded as an able preacher but failing health soon com-\\npelled him to withdraw from the ministry. The new church edifice\\nwas completed and ready for occupancy in 1840. The names of the\\nbuilding committee were Gen. John Wilson, Presbury West, and\\nSolomon Hemenway. The Rev. Clark Perry, a man remembered\\nchiefly for his pro-slavery principles, next supplied the pulpit.\\nHis health soon gave way and his brother, the Rev. David Perry of\\nHoUis, took his place in accordance with an invitation of the church\\nuuderthe date of April 14, 1843. He labored earnestly to bring\\nthe two alienated churches together again, and in a union meeting,\\nheld November 20, 1843, the following resolutions were adopted:\\nResolved: That we deeply deplore the division, and consequent alienation of\\nfeeling among those in this place who profess love to the Saviour, and are in\\nprinciple Congregationalists.\\nResolved: That to evince our sincere desire for the restoration of peace and\\nChristian feeling, on honorable and Christian principles, we hereby certify our\\nwillingness to disband the church organization to which we respectively belong,\\nand submit, if necessary, the principles on which a new organization shall be\\nformed, to a council mutually chosen.\\nAll the members of the old church and all but seven of the new\\nchurch were in favor of this plan.\\nAccordingly a clerical council was called which advised the re-\\nunion on the basis of a new and modified creed, a compromise\\nbetween the first and the second. In this third creed the doctrine\\nof the Trinity is expressed as follows\\nWe believe that in these Scriptures there is revealed a distinction in the\\nGodhead of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, and that this distinction though in-\\ncomprehensible to us, is yet perfectly consistent with the Unity of the Divine\\nBeing.\\nThese articles of faith were adopted December 29, 1843, and\\nsixteen members of the old church were added to the new organiza-\\ntion. Seven of the seceeding members at first refused to sign the\\nnew statement of belief but subsequently all came into harmony.\\nThe creed has stood unchanged to this day. Thus were the two\\nchurches quietly dissolved into a third. For a time the old differ-\\nences seemed to be adjusted, and during Mr. Perry s pastorate there\\nwas but little friction. Still the reconciliation was but superficial;\\nthe original causes of discord slumbered deep within the body, and\\nthe day of final and irrevocable separation was only postponed.\\nMr. Perry was dismissed January 20, 1847. He was an energetic\\nman with a good spice of self-appreciation in his nature.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "430 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAfter a time the church agreed to call the Rev. Stephen A. Bar-\\nnard, who began his ministry here May 9, 1847. M^. Barnard had\\nbeen a Unitarian minister, and was ordained in that church at Wilton\\nin 1830. Finding, as he said, that men were not converted by vague\\nteachings, he became a Congregationalist. While here it would\\nseem that he preached what are known as the evangelical doctrines\\nyet one can hardly avoid the feeling that his mind was biased in\\nfavor of Unitarian views. At any rate the Unitarian element in the\\nchurch gained in strength and boldness during his seven years pas-\\ntorate, and that party appeared to be satisfied with his statement of\\nreligious doctrines. It was feared by the orthodox members that\\nthe liberal party would make an effort to seize the church property,\\nand in order to forestall such an attempt, they took action them-\\nselves as quietly as possible, and on the 30th of July, 1852, John\\nW. Lovejoy, Porter G. Freeman, and others met and formed them-\\nselves into a corporate society under the name of\\nTHE LANCASTER ORTHODOX CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH SOCIETY.\\nThis action caused bitter feeling, and the Unitarian party hoped\\neven then to get possession of the church property. After Mr.\\nBarnard s dismission May 29th, 1853, they were suf^ciently influ-\\nential to secure preachers of their own order to supply the pulpit.\\nThe contest became exciting as well as bitter. On the first of Jan-\\nuary, 1854, the liberals hired the Rev, George M. Rice, a Unitarian\\nminister, to supply the pulpit for an indefinite period. This was\\nmore than the orthodox party could stand they felt that the church\\nwas rapidly drifting away from sound principles. A crisis was inev-\\nitable. Mr. Rice had preached six successive Sundays; it was\\nnow the second Sunday in February; on that day Dea. Seth Adams\\nrose in the meeting and announced that the Rev. Isaac Weston of\\nCumberland, Me., would occupy the pulpit the following Sabbath.\\nThe day came and Horace Whitcomb, a strong man of military\\nbearing, was stationed near the pulpit to see that Mr. Weston was\\nnot interfered with. There the two ministers met, each expecting\\nto preach. It was a critical moment, but through the courtesy of\\nMr. Weston, it was arranged that Mr. Rice should occupy the pul-\\npit in the morning and he in the afternoon.\\nNow came the final separation and this separation was the nat-\\nural culmination of divisive ideas and forces which had been operat-\\ning for half a century. From that time the two streams of tendency\\nflowed on in separate channels. The Unitarians held their services\\nin the court-house with Mr. Rice as preacher till they could build\\na church of their own.\\nA few of those who went off with Mr. Rice soon returned as they\\ndisliked his constant preaching on the subject of slavery. Still the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "Episcopal Church and Rectokv\\n(I iilT\\nCoN(,Ki-(..vi loNAi, Church, 1841.\\nCongregational Church.\\nRemodeled 1S9S.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 43 I\\nchurch was crippled and its numbers small it was obliged to call\\non the Home Missionary Society for aid. Mr. Weston s labors\\nwith the church closed September 24, 1854. During most of the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0following year, the pulpit was supplied by the Rev. E. B. Chamber-\\nlain, who afterwards married Miss Mary Jane Moore of this town.\\nMr. Chamberlain introduced to the people the Rev. Prescott Fay, a\\nyoung man from Andover seminary who was ordained and installed\\nover the church in March, 1856. During this year several families\\ncame over from South Guildhall and greatly strengthened the\\nchurch. Before Mr. Fay left. May 15, 1865, the people had become\\nindependent of Home Missionary aid, and gave gifts in return. Mr.\\nFay s nine years pastorate covered the trying period of the Civil\\nWar. On the whole the church was prosperous and a good number\\nof converts were received to membership. During the revival of\\n1848, no less than forty-nine members were added to the church,\\ntwenty-six of them at one time, Sunday, July 4th of that year.\\nMr. Fay was born in Westboro, Mass., December 8, 1826. Since\\nleaving Lancaster he has had several pastorates East and West and\\nis now preaching at Quechee, Vt.\\nUpon the departure of Mr. Fay, the church immediately procured\\nthe services of the Rev. Henry V. Emmons, who was installed Sep-\\ntember 27, 1865. Like his predecessor he came with his young\\nbride, having married Annie, daughter of Prof. George Shepherd of\\nBangor, Me., September 6, 1865. Mr. Emmons won the love and\\nconfidence of the people in a high degree. Soon after he came the\\nmeeting-house was repaired and renovated at considerable expense.\\nThe growth of the church during his pastorate was in character\\nrather than in numbers, although some were added to its member-\\nship. During this time the Y. M. C. A. was organized in town and\\nsome of the members of this church became active workers therein\\nmeetings were held all through the town at the various schoolhouses\\nas at Great Rock, Spaulding Neighorhood, South Lancaster,\\nBrick Schoolhouse, and in the then vacant Baptist church.\\nMr. Emmons was the son of the Hon. William Emmons of Frank-\\nlin, Mass. He was born at Augusta, Me., November 3, 1832 was\\ngraduated at Amherst college in 1854, and Bangor Theological\\nseminary in 1859. After an absence of nineteen years, he writes of\\nhis charge here: My nine years stay (our stay) at Lancaster,\\nwas full of pleasant intercourse with a people to whom we were\\nwarmly attached and the memory of it is very dear. They all\\nof whom come before us at a moment s recollection live yet in our\\nhearts and make us a part of what we are. To me they were\\nalways generous, considerate, kindly, faithful, and my heart kindles\\nwith prayerful desires for their welfare.\\nThere is one virtue which pertains to this church as commenda-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "432 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nble as it is rare, it has always avoided hearing a long list of candi-\\ndates; Mr. Emmons succeeded Mr. Fay without a break, and so\\ndid Mr. Charles E. Harrington succeed Mr. Emmons, and so it has\\nbeen to the present time in each case the church selected its man,\\nheard him preach and gave him a call. The Rev. Mr. Harrington\\nwas ordained and installed as pastor of this church October 27,\\n1874, and Mr. Emmons was dismissed by the same council. Mr.\\nEmmons is now settled at Kittery Point, Maine.\\nMr. Harrington remained with the church until Feb. 24, 1878, on\\nwhich da} he preached his farewell sermon to a crowded house.\\nAnd on April 18, 1878, he was installed as pastor of the South\\nCongregational church in Concord. The church never had a more\\npopular pastor than Mr. Harrington. Strong, genial, and faithful\\nto his charge, he easily won all hearts. The parsonage at No. 7\\nSummer street was erected for his occupancy in the summer of\\n1875, Seneca Congdon taking the contract for $2,600.\\nAs Mr. Harrington was a power for righteousness here, so he has\\nbeen elsewhere. He was born in Concord, Oct. 5, 1846, of sturdy\\nPuritan stock. He received a thorough academic education, grad-\\nuated at Bangor Theological seminary, and was chaplain in the\\nNew Hampshire legislature in 1881. From Concord he went to\\nDubuque, Iowa, where he was pastor of the First Congregational\\nchurch for three years. From Dubuque he was called to the First\\nchurch in Keene where he remained till the autumn of 1893, when\\nill health compelled his resignation. He is now traveling in Europe.\\nHe has preached and lectured in many places and on many themes,\\nparticularly temperance, of which he is a strong advocate. He re-\\nceived the degree of D. D. from Iowa college in 1889.\\nMr. Harrington was succeeded by the Rev. Charles E. Sumner,\\nwho began his labors here May i, 1878, and ministered to the peo-\\nple about three years, until March 3, 1881, when his health became\\nimpaired and he was unable to fulfil the duties of his office. He\\nwas a kind, good man, and a faithful pastor, and his affliction was a\\ngrief to many friends. He has recently supplied the pulpit of the\\nCongregational church at Alton Bay, and at the present time is at\\nBrooklyn, Conn.\\nThe next pastor of the church was the Rev. Sydney A. Burnaby,\\na graduate from Bangor Theological seminary, who was ordained\\nand installed here Sept. 21, 1881, Dr. S. C. Bartlett preaching the\\nsermon. During I\\\\Ir. Burnaby s pastorate of ten years, a debt was\\ncleared from the parsonage, and about $1,400 raised in 1886-87 for\\nimprovements on the meeting-house. He was active in organizing\\nthe local Y. P. S. C. E. and held preaching services on each alter-\\nnate Sunday at the Grange. He was dismissed Sept. 29, 1891, and\\nis now pastor of the church at Southbridge, Mass.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 433\\nThe present pastor, Rev. Geo. H. Tilton, was installed over the\\nchurch Dec. 8, 1891, and dismissed 1896.\\nDEACONS OF THE CHURCH.\\nJonas Baker, chosen May 20, 1796. Resigned Nov. i, 1820.\\nLand surveyor.\\nSamuel Phelps, chosen Slay 20, 1796. Revolutionary pensioner.\\nResided in Guildhall, Vt.\\nJoseph Wilder, chosen May 4, 1800.\\nElias Chapman, chosen Oct. 30, 1801. Died July 18, 1836.\\nReuben VV. Freeman, chosen June 4, 1813. Died June 27, 1866.\\nResided in Guildhall, Vt.\\nPorter G. Freeman, chosen Nov. 27, 1823. Died Aug. 18, 1866.\\nWilliam Farrar, chosen Sept. 23, 1836. Lawyer. Leader of the\\nchoir.\\nGilman Wilder, chosen May 3, 1844.\\nSeth Adams, chosen March 17, 1854. Died July, 1883.\\nAzro Burton, chosen Oct. i, 1876. Resides in Guildhall, Vt.\\nWilliam P. Freeman, chosen Oct i, 1876.\\nN. H. Richardson, chosen assistant deacon Oct. 5, 1885.\\nJuly 17, 1894, the church celebrated its looth anniversary in the\\nsame building in which it began its work, it being at this time the\\nproperty of the Masonic fraternity, and used for business purposes,\\nas a town hall, and for Masonic apartments. A large concourse of\\npeople were in attendance. There were present many of its former\\npastors and friends from other towns and states. The occasion was\\ngraced by the presence of His Excellency, Hon. John B. Smith,\\ngovernor, who delivered a practical, scholarly address on the his-\\ntor} of Congregationalism. C. B. Jordan welcomed the people\\nback to their old home. Rev. C. H. Tilton gave the substance of\\nthe foregoing history. Henry O. Kent, Deacon William P. Free-\\nman, and others spoke in a reminiscent mood. Pastors of neighbor-\\ning churches, offshoots from this, brought good tidings and good\\ncheer. A most sumptuous banquet had been provided by the ladies,\\nand sweet singing from the sweetest of our singers inspired every\\nheart. On the platform sat three men who had sat under the\\npreaching of Parson Willard and of every preacher of the church\\nsince his time. The day was a most enjoyable one. In the even-\\ning the church was filled and the exercises there continued to be of\\ninterest. Deacon Dwight Carleton gave an excellent historical ad-\\ndress ministers of the town s churches extended congratulations, the\\nchoir rendered some of the old-time h} mns, and when at a late hour\\nthe services were closed, all felt that the Congregational church had\\nnot existed in vain, and that the toils of her people had not been\\naltogether fruitless.\\n28", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "434 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nTHE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.\\nBy Rev. D. C. Babcock.\\nConferences were first named in 1800, and presiding elders dis-\\ntricts in 1 801. The New England Conference was set off from the\\nNew York in 1799, and held its first session in Lynn, Mass., July 8,\\n1800. It included all of New England except that part of Connec-\\nticut west of the Connecticut river.\\nThe Landaff circuit, which extended from Rumney to Upper\\nCoos, on both sides of the White Hills, made its first appearance in\\nthe Minutes of 1801, and included Lancaster. It was then on the\\nNew London district, with John Broadhead, presiding elder, and\\nElijah R. Sabin, circuit preacher.\\nLaban Clark was born in Haverhill, N. H., in 1778, and moved\\nto Vermont at an early age. He became a Methodist, and began to\\npreach in 1799. He was associated with John Langdon, evidently\\nan older man, and one of the founders of Methodism in Vermont.\\nIn the summer of 1800 those two men crossed the river from Lun-\\nenburg and held a service, probably at the Emmons Stockwell\\nplace, west of the fair ground. Mr. Langdon preached and Clark\\nexhorted. Mr. Clark says: We were now able to form a class of\\nfrom fifteen to twenty. We thus infer that there had been previous\\nefforts to organize a society. Some days later, Langdon, Clark,\\nand Rosebrook Crawford were assailed by a mob. The rabble\\ncowered before the courage of Langdon, who was a gigantic and\\nbrave man, but carried off Rosebrook Crawford and ducked him in\\nthe river. He was warned not to hold any more meetings in Lancas-\\nter, but persisted in spite of repeated warnings and harsh treatment.\\nHis brother Joseph also preached in Lancaster. It was under one\\nof his sermons that Mrs. Benjamin Bishop was awakened and con-\\nverted. Her husband was then an intemperate blacksmith. As\\nwe have noticed above, E. R. Sabin was in charge of Landaff cir-\\ncuit in 1801. Under his preaching Benj. Bishop was converted.\\nHe became a preacher, and joined the New England Conference in\\n1804. His wife became widely known as a powerful exhorter.\\nOpposition to Methodist preaching in Lancaster was no doubt\\nlargely due to the fact that Parson Willard, of the town church,\\nwas supported by a tax, and other denominations were regarded as\\nintruders on vested rights. It may also be noted that differences in\\ndoctrine then caused much bitterness, and that many of the Metho-\\ndists were noisy and some of them ranters.\\nBenjamin Bishop was a brother of Mrs. Lieutenant Dennis Stan-\\nley, who then lived in what is now Captain Beattie s farmhouse.\\nLieutenant Stanley was grandfather of Judge James W. Weeks.\\nMethodist meetings were held at Lieutenant Stanley s house, and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 435\\nthat no doubt helped to give them standing. In this connection we\\nnotice that the journal of Jesse Lee says: Saturday, Sept. 6, l8oo,\\nwe set out early in the morning, and rode out to the Connecticut\\nriver, at the Northumberland meeting-house there I left my com-\\npanion and rode down the river through Lancaster and Dalton.\\nThat was Lee s last tour through New England. He had entered\\nupon his work in New England eleven years before, and now left it\\nwith eighty preachers, fifty circuits, and ten thousand members.\\nThat was a good record for one decade of labor.\\nIn 1802 Landaff circuit was on the Vershire, Vt., district, with\\nJohn Broadhead presiding elder, and Phineas Peck and Martin Ruter,\\ncircuit preachers. In 1803 Landaff was on the Vermont district.\\nJoseph Crawford was presiding elder, and T. Branch, P. Dustin, and\\nS. Langdon, circuit preachers. In i8o4- o5 Landaff was on the\\nNew Hampshire district, and John Broadhead was presiding elder.\\nThomas Skeel and William Stevens were the circuit preachers in\\n1804, and Joel Winch and Asa Kent in 1805. In 1806 Landaff\\nwas again on the Vermont district, with E. R. Sabin presiding elder,\\nand Asa Kent and Isaac Pease circuit preachers. In i8o7- o8 Lan-\\ndaff was again on the New Hampshire district, with Elijah Hedding\\n(afterwards a bishop), presiding elder, and Dyer Burge and E. F.\\nNewell, preachers in 1807, and Zacharia Gibson in 1808. Martin\\nRuter was presiding elder in i8o9- io, and Joseph Peck preacher.\\nDavid Crowell was on the circuit with Mr. Peck in 18 10. Solomon\\nSias was presiding elder in i8ii- i4. John W. Hardy and Joseph\\nPeck were the preachers in 181 1 Robert Hayes and James Jaques\\nin 1812; Jacob Sanborn and Benjamin Burnham in 18 13; and J.\\nEmerson, J. Payne, and D. Blanchard in 18 14. From 1807 to 18 14,\\nLunenburg was in the New Hampshire district. David Kilburn was\\npresiding elder in 18 15- 8. Jacob Sanborn and John Lord were\\non Landaff circuit in 181 5 Walter Sleeper and Hezekiah Davis in\\n1 8 16; Jacob Sanborn in 1817, and Lewis Bates and Samuel Norris\\nin 1818. Jacob Sanborn was presiding elder in i8i9- 22, and\\nLewis Bates and Richard Emerson were on Landaff circuit in 18 19,\\nthe year before the Lancaster circuit was formed.\\nDuring the winter of i8i6- i7, Mother Hutchings of White\\nfield, whose husband was employed at Lancaster, got the privilege\\nof speaking in the town church, as Mr Willard was away. Her\\naddress produced a great sensation. The next day, during a call\\nat the house of Daniel Perkins, who lived on the old road at the\\nnorthwest base of Mount Prospect, Mrs. Perkins was so impressed\\nthat she lost her strength, but was soon restored. A powerful\\nrevival followed these efforts. Among the converts was Miss Ada-\\nline Perkins, who became the wife of Allen Smith. They were\\namong the founders of the Lancaster Methodist Episcopal church.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "436 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nMrs. Smith was born in 1800, and lived till the 13th of November,\\n1 89 1. She had been a devoted Christian and earnest Methodist\\nfor seventy-four years, and was highly esteemed by all who knew\\nher. She was buried from her late residence on Main street, on\\nSunday afternoon, November 15, by the writer of this sketch.\\nLancaster circuit made its appearance in the Minutes of the New\\nEngland Conference in 1820, with David Culver as preacher in\\ncharge that year. Local history records a Quarterly Meeting\\nheld in the town church in the winter of i8i9- 20. Rev. Jacob\\nSanborn, the presiding elder, preached to a crowded house. Being\\ndetained by a heavy snowstorm, he held meetings during the week,\\nwhich resulted in many conversions, Charles Baker was the\\npreacher in i82i,and Charles Baker and James Norris in 1822.\\nBenjamin R. Hoyt was presiding elder in i823- 25. James B.\\nH. Norris and N. S. Spaulding were the preachers in 1823 Benja-\\nmin Brown and Nathan Howe in 1824, and Rowse B. Gardner\\nin 1825.\\nThe Danville, Vt., district was formed in 1826, and Lancaster\\nplaced on it. John Lord was presiding elder in i826- 28, and E.\\nWells in 1829; Roswell Putnam and David Stickney were on Lan-\\ncaster circuit in 1826; Orange Scott and Joseph Baker in 1827;\\nOrange Scott, Nathan W. Scott, and M. G. Cass in 1828, and Has-\\nkell Wheelock and Holman Drew in 1829. Orange Scott spent all\\nhis time in Lancaster in 1828, and occupied the town church, as no\\nsuccessor to Mr. Willard, deceased, had then been selected. Mr.\\nScott was an able and effective preacher, and did much to advance\\nthe cause of God, and remove prejudice from Methodism.\\nThe New Hampshire and Vermont Conference was set off\\nfrom the New England in 1830, and Lancaster was placed on\\nthe Plymouth district. Lunenburg, Vt., was included in the Lan-\\ncaster circuit. John W. Hardy was presiding elder in i830- 3i.\\nHaskell Wheelock and William McKoy were the preachers in\\n1830, and Caleb Lamb and Russell H. Spaulding in 1831.\\nThe First Methodist Episcopal Society of Lancaster, N. H.,\\nwas organized in July, 1831. The following names are attached to\\nthe constitution, in the record book, in the hand-writing of the sub-\\nscribers\\nWm. W. Chapman, Harvey Adams, Abel Leavens, Jr., Joseph\\nHowe, Allen Smith, John Aspenwall, David Stockwell, Samuel F.\\nSpaulding, William Peck, Ezra Kenison, Samuel Mclntire, S. P.\\nWilliams, G. C. Philbrook, Alvah Twombly, Isaac N. Cotton, Ben-\\njamin Adams, John Stockwell, James Mardin, John Smith, Benj.\\nWentworth, Benaiah Colby, Joseph Wentworth, Shackford Went-\\nworth, Frederick Fisk, Daniel Field, George Howe, William Pear-\\nson, Shepard Knights, John H. Meserve.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 437\\nDuring the fall and winter of that year, 1831, a parsonage was\\nbuilt on Middle street, on land donated by Harvey Adams. An\\nexhorter, familiarly known as Brother Dike, originated and car-\\nried on that enterprise. That house was used as a parsonage till\\n1870. It stands on the north side of the street, east of the\\nM. C. R. R., two lots from Fletcher street as it now is.\\nIn 1832 the name of the conference became The New Hamp-\\nshire Conference, but with no change of territory. The Vermont\\nconference was set off from the New Hampshire in 1845. E. Wells\\nwas presiding elder of Plymouth district in i832- 35. William Peck\\nand E. T. Manning were on Lancaster circuit in 1832; William\\nPeck, J. H. Stevens, and N. O. Way in 1833, and Sylvester P. Will-\\niams and Abel Heath in i834- 35. Williams is remembered as\\na strong man by some of the aged people of Lancaster. The\\nfirst Methodist Episcopal church edifice was erected during his pas-\\ntorate. His name and that of William Peck are in the list of sub-\\nscribers to the constitution in 1831. The records of that time show\\nthat on the 4th of February, 1834, Harvey Adams, Joseph Howe,\\nand Allen Smith were chosen a committee to ascertain the practi-\\ncability of building a Methodist chapel in this village. They were\\nsubsequently appointed a building committee. A draft was pre-\\npared by the preacher in charge, and a house built, the cost of\\nwhich was probably somewhat above $1,000. The dimensions of\\nthe chapel were 40 x 60 feet, with 16-foot posts. We find no refer-\\nence in the records to the dedication of that house, which was on\\nthe site of the present church edifice.\\nB. R. Hoyt was again presiding elder in i836- 39. D. Field and\\nC. Olin were on Lancaster circuit in 1836; D. Field and Erastus\\nPettingill in 1837; L.Hill and J.A.Gibson in 1838; and Amos\\nKidder in 1839. In 1840 Charles D. Cahoon was presiding elder,\\nand John Smith pastor at Lancaster.\\nThe Haverhill district appears in 1841 with C. D. Cahoon presid-\\ning elder in i84i- 43. Erasmus B. Morgan was pastor at Lancaster\\nin i84i- 42, and James G. Smith in 1843. Justin Spaulding was\\npresiding elder in 1 844, and Russell H. Spaulding in 1 845- 49. A. T.\\nBullard was pastor in i845- 46; H. H. Hartwell in i846- 47, and\\nHenry Hill in 1848 and to the spring of 1850.\\nIn 1849 the New Hampshire Conference met in Lancaster,\\nBishop L. L. Hamline presiding. On conference Sunday Bishop\\nHamline preached, standing in a window on the north side of the\\nchurch. His text was Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord. The\\nhouse was filled with ladies, and a great throng stood and sat on the\\nhillside of what is now known as the old cemetery.\\nReuben Dearborn was presiding elder in i850- 53. J. W. Guern-\\nsey was pastor in i850- 5i, and L. L. Eastman in i852- 53. Wil-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "438 HISTORY OF LANCASTER,\\nHam D. Cass was presiding elder in i854- 55, and Josiah Hooper, a\\ntransfer from Maine, was pastor those years.\\nHaverhill district disappeared in 1856, and Lancaster was placed\\non the Concord district, with Lewis Howard presiding elder in\\ni856- 59. James Adams was stationed at Lancaster in 1856, and\\nLewis P. Cushman in i857- 58. His pastorate is notable because\\nof a great revival which stirred the entire place. The pastors of the\\nCongregational and Methodist churches worked together with excel-\\nlent results. During the latter year the church building was\\nremodeled. The floor was leveled, new pews were put in and the\\nnumber increased, the gallery was removed, an orchestra built, and\\nthe walls papered. A tower with spire was erected, and a new\\nentrance and vestibule constructed. The cost of the repairs and\\nimprovements was $1,500. The rededication occurred in Sep-\\ntember, 1858, a sermon being preached on the occasion by Rev.\\nJ. H. Twombly, D. D., of Boston.\\nElijah R. Wilkins was pastor in i859- 6o, and George N. Bryant\\nfn i86l- 62. James Pike was presiding elder in i86i- 62. During\\n1862 he became colonel of the Sixteenth New Hampshire regi-\\nment, and William D. Cass filled out that year. Elisha Adams\\nwas presiding elder in i863- 66, and L. D. Barrows in i86y- 68.\\nSimeon P. Heath was stationed in Lancaster in i863- 65 and D. J,\\nSmith in i866- 68.\\nThe White Mountain district was formed in the spring of 1869,\\nand continued till 1871, with D. J. Smith as presiding elder, when\\nits territory w as again merged in the Concord district. Charles H.\\nSmith was pastor at Lancaster those years. In 1870 a new parson-\\nage was erected on High street at a cost of about ^^4,000.\\nS. G. Kellogg was presiding elder in 1 871 73, and Otis Cole\\npastor. T. L. Flood was presiding elder in 1874; James Pike in\\ni875- 76; and J. W. Adams in i877- 8o. James Noyes was pastor in\\n1874-75, and N. M. Bailey in i876- 78. On the 9th of April, 1878,\\nthe New Hampshire Conference began its second session in Lancas-\\nter, Bishop S. M. Merrill, D. D., presiding. It was greeted with what\\nis known as the great fire, on the first day of the session, and the\\nministers rendered efificient service in staying its ravages. M. T.\\nCilley was presiding elder in i88i- 84; G. W. Norris in i885- 89.\\nS. C. Keeler, the present incumbent, began his term in April. 1890.\\nD.J. Smith was pastor, for a second term, in i879- 8i. He was\\nfollowed by W. E. Bennett in i882- 83,and he by A. C. Coult in\\ni884- 86.\\nRev. J. A. Bowler began his three years pastorate in the old\\nchurch in April, 1887, and in the spring of 1888 it was decided to\\nbuild a new church on the site of the one which had done such good\\nservice for fifty-four years. Plans were drawn by George H. Guern-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES, 439\\nsey of Montpelier, Vt. A building committee, consisting of Rev.\\nJ. A. Bowler, Charles Smith, and M. E. Hartford, was chosen, and\\nMay 27, 1888, the last service was held in the old church. The\\npastor preached a farewell sermon from Haggai ii, 3 and 9. Who\\nis left among you that saw this house in her first glory? The\\nglory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith\\nthe Lord of hosts. The old church was sold and removed in two\\nparts, one of which is located on Bunker Hill avenue and the other\\non Cemetery street and both are finished into tenements.\\nThe new church was dedicated on Wednesday, March 20, 1889.\\nThe dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. Charles Parkhurst,\\nD. D., editor of Zioii s Herald, Boston, from Hebrews viii, 5.\\nAddresses were made by Revs. Henry Hartwell and W. E. Bennett,\\nformer pastors, and congratulatory letters from several other former\\npastors were read. The building was presented by W. E. Bullard,\\nchairman of the board of trustees, and dedicated by Rev. G. W. Norris,\\npresiding elder of Concord district, assisted by Rev. J. E. Robins,\\npresiding elder of Claremont district, and a number of ministers who\\nwere present. The pastor announced that the cost of the building,\\nexclusive of a considerable amount of labor which had been given,\\nwas $7,800, and that $1,500 were necessary in addition to the sub-\\nscriptions already made. This amount was subscribed during the\\nafternoon and evening.\\nThe extreme dimensions of the church are 79 and 55 feet. It is\\nlighted by a Wheeler reflector having sixteen lamps. The glass of\\nthe rose windows is from the works of Redding, Baird Co., of\\nBoston the children s window and thd other windows of leaded\\nwork are from the works of Samuel West, Boston. The bell weighs\\n1,325 pounds and was cast by the Cincinnati Bell Foundry Co.\\nThe pews were manufactured by the Globe Furniture Co., North-\\nville, Mich. Contributions for memorial windows were made by\\nWilliam H. Clark for Allen Smith, Emmons Smith for Adaline\\nSmith, George Lovejoy for his father, Daniel Green for his parents,\\nS. H. LeGro for his parents, Mrs. A. C. Russell for her father, Jos-\\neph D. Howe and sister for their parents. Windows were also\\nplaced by the Webb and Bullard families and the children of the\\nSunday-school.\\nMr. Bowler issued a neat pamphlet in 1S89, entitled Methodism\\nin Lancaster, from which we have culled in preparing this sketch.\\nIt contains cuts of the old church as it was in 1858, after it was\\nrebuilt, and of the present edifice.\\nD. C. Babcock began a three years term in April, 1890. Dur-\\ning that year the debt on the church property was all paid. At the\\nclose of his term of service the High street parsonage was sold, and\\na new one has been erected east of the church. Another house", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "440 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthat stood on the site of the new parsonage has been moved to the\\nsoutheast part of the lot and rebuilt for the use of the church sexton.\\nThe Methodist Episcopal society now has a fine set of buildings,\\nand is well equipped for good work. During his third year Mr.\\nBabcock organized a distinct branch of the Methodist Episcopal\\nchurch at Grange village, where a good Sunday-school has been\\ngathered, and afternoon preaching is well sustained. The Rev. R.\\nT. Wolcott, began his work in April, 1893, and entered the new\\nparsonage in October. Under the care of Mr. Wolcott the church\\nprospered. The branch of the church at the Grange village erected,\\nunder the charge of Rev. R. T. Wolcott, a very neat chapel during\\nthe summer of 1895.\\nAt the annual conference of 1896, Mr. Wolcott was assigned to\\nthe Woodsville church, and Rev. R. C. Danforth located in Lan-\\ncaster. Mr. Danforth has started on what seems a promising pas-\\ntorate.\\nTHE FIRST UNITARIAN SOCIETY OF LANCASTER.\\nBy Rev. A. N. Somers,\\nIn Lancaster, as all over New England, Unitarianism grew up\\nwithin the pale of the Orthodox Congregational church. In Lan-\\ncaster, as elsewhere, it first took form as a protest against Calvinism;\\nand its advocates, in adopting biblical phraseology to express their\\nArminianism, came to accept the Arian interpretation of some fun-\\ndamental theological doctrines, which in time, led them into the\\nTrinitarian Controversy, which prepared the way for the forma-\\ntion of the Unitarian church.\\nThe history of the old First church of Lancaster reveals the\\nfact that Arminian views were held by a considerable number of its\\nearliest communicants. It is certain that the first minister of the\\nchurch, the Rev. Joseph Willard, shared with them in holding those\\nviews, though he never preached much upon theological topics and\\nso avoided conflict with the Calvinistic members of his church.\\nThe creed of the church was not distinctly Trinitarian. The doc-\\ntrine was not named in it. Any Unitarian could conscientiously\\nsubscribe to it at that period in the development of Unitarian\\nthought. The creed upon this question reads\\nWe believe in God the Father,^ Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth, and\\nhis son Jesus Christ, as the sole Saviour of the world, and in the Holy Ghost as\\nthe comforter and sanctifier of the people and church of God.\\nIn spite of the vagueness of the creed and the silence of the min-\\nister upon the doctrines of Calvinism and Arminianism, there grew\\nup withm the church two parties that in time were destined to di-\\nvide it. The one was Orthodox, the other Liberal.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 44I\\nThe Rev. Mr. Willard resigned the pastorate of the church in\\n1822, and was succeeded by the Rev. J. R. VVheelock. A majority\\nof the church (the Liberals) refused to accept his services and sup-\\nport him upon the discovery that he was extremely Calvinistic in his\\ntheology. That protest against his Calvinism led to his beino- dis-\\nmissed and the Rev. Joseph Willard was again settled ove the\\ncnurch until his death, which occurred in 1826\\nFrom the death of Parson Willard, as he was lovingly called\\nby all, down to the time when the Orthodox (Calvinistic Trinita-\\nrian) portion of the First Congregational Church seceded in\\nian) ^y of the congregation were Arminians (Unitar-\\nDuring the pastorate of the Rev. Andrew Govan, who preached\\nmuch upon theological questions from 1832 to 1835 the Liberal\\nportion of the congregation came to openly avow their Unitarian\\ndoctrines The position taken by the Liberals of Lancaster was es-\\nsentially that of Unitarians in other parts of New England\u00e2\u0080\u0094 anti-\\nTnnitanan and anti-Calvinistic. The Rev. Mr. GovaS sought to\\nremedy matters by inserting in the creed these words from Titus\\n111:5: Not by works of righteousness which we have done but\\naccording to his mercy he saved us by the washing of regeneration,\\nand renewing of the Holy Ghost.\\nThe Unitarians being the majority (and in fact the church was to\\nall intents and purposes a Unitarian church), prevented the revision\\nof the creed which, as adopted at the formation of the church, was\\nneither Calvinistic nor Trinitarian. It had been framed for the ac-\\ncommodation of Arminian views, and now that those holding those\\nviews had come, by a natural process of theological growth to be\\nUnitarians they were not disposed to see the church handed over to\\nIrinitarian Calvinism by any revision of its fundamental basis of\\norganization.\\nThe Unitarians had been from the f^rst strong enough in numbers\\nchnrrh to control the preaching in the Congregational\\nchurch down to the spring of 1854. In 1836 the Orthodo.x mem-\\nbers of the church, seeing themselves in a hopeless minority, seceded\\nLancalrN T n Congregational Church in\\nLancaster, N. H. By that move they left the Unitarians in the\\npeaceable possession of the church property and records as The Con-\\ngregationa Church of Lancaster. The Orthodox scolders recog-\\nnized the church as a Unitarian church in a statement of reasons\\nhv n formation of the Orthodox Congregational church prepared\\nby Deacon Farrar in which he says Some in the church are assist-\\ning to raise a standard which we believed to be another gospel-\\nand systematic and persevering efforts to introduce into thS church\\na system of faith which rejects these doctrines (new creed of the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "442 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nOrthodox church) and again The church could not be extri-\\ncated from such a state of things.\\nDuring the next seven years there was very Httle activity dis-\\nplayed on the part of either of the rival churches. In the early part\\nof 1843, the Orthodox church called the Rev. David Perry, who set-\\ntled as pastor over it. He was not disposed to let things rest as he\\nfound them, and set about to reunite the two Congregational\\nchurches. A meeting of the two churches was held on Nov. 20,\\n1843, at which a plan of union was adopted, and ratified by both.\\nA new creed was drawn up and subscribed to by all of the Con-\\ngregational church (Unitarian), and by all but seven of the Or-\\nthodox Congregational church.\\nThe Unitarians sacrificed the first creed in which the ground of\\ncontention Trinitarianism and Unitarianism was covered by\\nvagueness, and the Orthodox threw to the winds their undisguised\\nTrinitarian creed and the two united upon one that is avowedly\\nagnostic on that point, as is seen in Article 3, of the new com-\\npromise creed, which is still the creed of the Orthodox Congrega-\\ntional church. It reads as follows\\nWe believe that in these Scriptures there is revealed a distinction in the God-\\nhead of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, and that this distinction, though incompre-\\nhensible to us, is yet perfectly consistent with the Unity of the Divine Being.\\nThe reunited church continued its work until 1854. The Rev. Mr.\\nPerry was dismissed Jan. 20, 1847, ^^id Rev. Stephen A. Barnard,\\nwho had been ordained as a Unitarian minister, was settled on May\\n9, 1847, after having preached some two months on trial. Although\\nonce a Unitarian he had declared himself Orthodox in faith. His\\npreaching was entirely satisfactory to the Unitarians, and while the\\nchurch grew considerably under his ministrations, the new growth\\nonly tended to strengthen the Unitarian numbers and confirm their\\nfaith. The Unitarian portion of the congregation were entirely satis-\\nfied with the Rev. Mr. Barnard and his ministry, and on account of\\nan attempt to incorporate the society so as to better perform its\\nobligations to him, and enable it to lawfully hold its property, the\\nOrthodox portion of the congregation became alarmed lest the\\nUnitarians might get legal hold and control of the church property,\\nand accordingly they made a hasty move and organized The Ortho-\\ndox Congregational Church Society, and assumed the proprietor-\\nship of the church property, which that body still holds. The Rev.\\nStephen Barnard s pastorate closed May 29, 1853. During the\\nnext few months several distinguished Unitarian ministers, visiting\\nin the mountains, occupied the pulpit of the church at the solicita-\\ntion of the Unitarians. During the winter months following there\\nwere no regular services sustained and as the Orthodox society", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 443\\nshowed no disposition to renew services the Unitarians secured the\\nservices of the Rev. George M. Rice to begin on Jan. i, 1854, and\\nto continue for an indefinite length of time.\\nAfter he had preached for six weeks the Orthodox portion of the\\nchurch began to grow anxious over the probable results of so much\\nUnitarian preaching, and a settled minister of that faith. They\\nsecured the services of the Rev. Isaac Weston of Maine, and on\\nFeb. 12, announced that he would preach Feb. 19, from the pul-\\npit then occupied by Rev. G. M. Rice. When the day came the\\ntwo ministers met at the pulpit with their respective followers in the\\npews anxiously awaiting the results of what proved to be the crisis\\nin their conflicts over the use of the church property. Influences\\nthat had been antagonizing each other for more than half a century\\nwere pitted against each other for a final settlement. There was\\nbut one course open to the two ministers, which was to allow the\\nRev. Mr. Rice to preach at the morning service and the Rev. Mr.\\nWeston in the afternoon. That was the plan agreed upon by the\\nministers. The Rev. G. M. Rice was the duly authorized minister\\nof the church, as he had been legally called by the majority of its\\nconstituency. The minority of the church though acting as the\\nlegally incorporated society had served no notice on the Unitar-\\nian majority to vacate the pulpit for their use on that occasion. Be-\\ning in the lawful possession of the church as the majority of the\\nmembers of the one church worshiping there under the same name\\nOrthodox Congregational church Mr. Rice would have been un-\\ntrue to the terms of his contract to preach for them an indefinite\\nlength of time had he relinquished the pulpit to another without\\nthe consent of his employers. The Rev. Mr. Weston was an old\\nman, and possibly not fully aware of the true situation of the affairs\\nconfronting him on that Sunday morning. An undue amount of\\ncredit has been given him by his Orthodox friends for his display of\\ncourtesy toward Mr. Rice in yielding the pulpit over which he\\nhad no lawful claim though in the service of the legal owners of the\\nbuilding. The credit was equally due both ministers that they set-\\ntled so difficult a question in a way that could reflect no disgrace\\nupon the cause they were serving.\\nThe Unitarians, seeing that by shrewd practices and defiant\\nmethods they were liable to be crowded out of the church with no\\nregard for their rights, now called a meeting of the First Congre-\\ngational Society of Lancaster, at the Coos Hotel, on Feb. 13, 1854.\\nAt that meeting a committee was appointed to confer with the\\nOrthodox Congregational society, in regard to their rights in\\nthe meeting-house. At a subsequent meeting that committee re-\\nported that the Orthodox society refused to hold any communi-\\ncation on the subject of the meeting-house.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "444 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAt the meeting on Feb. 13, 1854, the society was duly reorgan-\\nized, and officers elected. It retained the old name of the First\\nchurch, viz., The First Congregational Society of Lancaster.\\nTo its constitution we find subscribed the following names: Wil-\\nliam D. Spaulding, James W. Weeks, B. F. Whidden, John H.\\nWhite, James B. Weeks, John W. Barney, John Lindsey, William\\nA. White, C. B. Allen, E. C. Garland, J. W. Merriam, A. L. Robin-\\nson, Edward Spaulding, Wm. Burns, R. Sawyer, James B. Spauld-\\ning, Charles D. Stebbins, James S. Brackett, Hiram A. Fletcher,\\nHosea Gray, Edward C. Spaulding, Nelson Kent, Edwin F. East-\\nman, Benj. Hunking, S. F. Spaulding, J. H. Spaulding.\\nThe following names were added to the list within the next few\\nyears: William D. Weeks, John M. Whipple, E. L. Colby, Kimball\\nB. Fletcher, Samuel S. Mudgett, Jared W. Williams, Jos. M.\\nThompson, Wm. H. Clark, S. J. Greene, Ira S. M. Gove, D. C.\\nPinkham, Frank Smith, Lafayette Moore, Ossian Ray, and A. T.\\nJohnson.\\nThe first officers of the society were the following: Hon. John H.\\nWhite, president; B. F. Whidden, secretary; James W. Weeks,\\nWm. Burns, and William D. Spaulding, executive committee; C. B.\\nAllen, treasurer and collector.\\nHaving ascertained through the investigations of a committee\\nconsisting of B. F. Whidden and William Burns that their legal\\nrights in the meeting-house were complicated, and could only be\\nsecured through disagreeable litigation, the First Congregational\\nsociety began holding its services in the court-house on Feb. 26,\\n1854, and continued to meet there until their present meeting-\\nhouse was erected and dedicated, Oct. 24, 1856.\\nOn Feb. 20, 1854, the society was incorporated as a body\\npolitic according to the requirements of the laws of the state,\\nnotice of which was published for three succeeding weeks in the\\nCods County Z)e?noc7 at, beginning Feb. 22, 1854.\\nAs soon as the society was duly organized and holding regular\\nservices as a Unitarian society, steps were taken to form a church in\\nconnection with the parish society, and on the afternoon of Sunday,\\nMarch 12, 1854, a church w^as organized by the adoption and\\nacceptance of the following Church Covenant, which is with but\\nslight changes the form of covenant used by the Second church\\nof Boston, Mass., under the distinguished Puritan ministers, John\\nCotton and John Wilson.\\nChurch Covenant.\\nWe whose names are hereunder written, declare our faith in the One Living\\nand True God in the Lord Jesus Christ, that he was sanctified of the Father,\\nand sent into the world, that the world through Him might be saved and that", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 445\\nGospel which was confirmed by the death and resurrection of its Author, and\\nwhich is binding upon us as the rule of our faith and practice.\\nBeing united into one congregation or church under the Lord Jesus Christ,\\nwe do hereby solemnly and religiously promise to walk in all our ways according\\nto the rule of the Gospel, and in all sincere conformity to his holy ordinances,\\nand in mutual love and respect to each other, so near as God shall give us grace.\\nThis covenant was accepted by the following persons on the date\\nnamed, and from time to time by others until its roll of members\\nincluded many of the best people in the town: George M. Rice,\\nWilliam A. White, Ellen C. White, WilHam D. Spaulding, Sarah A.\\nSpaulding, James W. Weeks, M. Eliza Weeks, Persis F. Weeks,\\nNancy D. M. Sawyer, Ellen A. White, Susan D. F. Cargill, Eliza\\nD. Whidden, Debby A. Kent, Harriet E. Stalbird.\\nSome of these had left the Orthodox Congregational church on\\nletters of dismissal in order to unite with the Unitarian church,\\nwhile some who had formerly acted with the Unitarians joined the\\nOrthodox church.\\nAt a public meeting of the parish Sept. 27, 1855, steps were\\ntaken to build a house of worship. James W. Weeks, Dr. John W.\\nBarney, William D. Spaulding, and William A. White were\\nappointed a committee to procure plans, and an estimate of costs,\\nfor a suitable building. Plans for the building now used by the\\nsociety were drawn and presented to it by Mr. W. B. O. Peabody,\\nan architect of Boston, Mass. The building was completed and\\nready for occupation within the year following, chiefly through the\\nearnest efforts of the Rev. Mr. Rice and William D. Spaulding,\\nchairman of the building committee. The little society found sym-\\npathetic friends among other Unitarian churches that knew them to\\nbe worthy and needy of assistance in getting established. Among\\nits friends who helped it financially and otherwise were the Rev.\\nThomas Starr King, the famed pulpit orator of the Hollis Street\\nchurch, Boston, Mass., Rev. A. P. Peabody of Portsmouth, N. H.,\\nwho was then editor of the North American Review, Rev. Samuel\\nLongfellow, brother of the poet H. W. Longfellow, and Rev.\\nCharles T. Brooks of Newport, R. L\\nThe Rev. G. M. Rice was the first avowed Unitarian minister to\\npreach as a settled minister in Lancaster. At the time became\\nhere he was of mature years, a man of marked ability, fearless,\\nfrank, and faithful in the discharge of his professional duties. He\\nwas thoroughly conscientious in all he said or did. In addition to\\nthe full discharge of his obligations to his church he made ex-\\ntensive journeys to collect funds to build the meeting-house, pro-\\ncuring some seven or eight hundred dollars for that purpose out-\\nside of Lancaster.\\nBy the time the church had become thoroughly organized and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "446 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nits house of worship completed, the minister gave much of his time\\nand attention to the slavery question, which was then the most\\nprominent political and moral question of the country. The Rev.\\nG. M. Rice was a thorough-going abolitionist, as were nearly all\\nUnitarian ministers of that time, and no doubt often discussed the\\nslavery question in his sermons.\\nOn account of his abolitionist utterances, rather than his theologi-\\ncal attitude, a considerable number of his congregation deserted\\nhim and went over to the other churches.\\nHis theology recognized all men, regardless of race, creed, or\\nother accidents, as constituting a single brotherhood, and all men as\\ntruly the sons of God so he accepted it not only as a political, but\\nreligious, duty to proclaim against slavery as an abomination and\\ncrime. It cannot be learned that he was ever partisan in his advo-\\ncacy of the anti-slavery doctrine, or that he labored for any political\\nparty. Had he been less conscientious than he was, he might have,\\nthrough silence on a vexed question, held all his followers, and have\\ndrawn others to them. Some of the best friends of the new society\\nwere among the pro-slavery opponents of Mr. Rice, but they re-\\nmained with the church because truly and intelligently Unitarians.\\nThe period in the history of the church covered by the Rev. Mr.\\nRice s ministry, 1854-185 7, was the most critical one through which\\nit has passed and if the church had not had for its friends and sup-\\nporters many of the most intelligent and influential families in the\\ntown it would have perished in its birth. The breaking of its alli-\\nance with the Orthodox church after more than half a century of\\ncooperation severely handicapped it. Then came this anti-slavery\\nagitation, in which the minister took what his congregation, very\\ngenerally, thought a too active part. While there was much fault\\nfound with the preaching of the minister, his motives and charac-\\nter were never condemned. No clergyman ever left a church with\\na cleaner record than did he. His church thought politics and re-\\nligion should not be mixed but he thought that in a question that\\ninvolved three millions of his fellow creatures, children of the living\\nGod, they should be mixed and with a conscience he mixed them.\\nThose were trying times for a minister who felt that slavery was\\nthe greatest evil of our country, and the situation was doubly try-\\ning for Mr. Rice. He felt constrained to resign his charge and let\\nthe church he had helped to found, and which he loved, try its\\nfortune with some other pastor. He accordingly handed in his res-\\nignation on the 27th of September, 1857. At a meeting of the\\nsociety on the day following, it was voted not to accept his res-\\nignation. But as Mr. Rice demanded entire freedom of speech in\\nthe pulpit as the only condition of remaining longer, the society at\\na subsequent meeting reconsidered its action and accepted his res-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 447\\nignation, but not without expressing, by vote, their full confidence\\nin his Christian character and ability.\\nThe next settled minister of the society was the Rev. George G.\\nChanning, a brother of the distinguished William Ellery Channing,\\nthe foremost leader in the Unitarian movement in this country. The\\nRev. Mr. Channing was settled May 23, 1858, and remained until\\nMay 8, i860, leaving on account of serious illness. He was a faith-\\nful minister, of kindly and sympathetic disposition, and the society\\nprospered during his ministry. He came at a time when they were\\nburdened with debts but he had the satisfaction of seeing that bur-\\nden removed, chiefly through the generosity of William D. Spauld-\\ning, who assumed all the society s debts, about $800, taking in\\nconsideration therefor some pews that remained unsold at the time.\\nHe left with the church a farewell letter that is full of the prophetic\\nspirit. He is remembered with much love by many of the older\\nmembers.\\nFor a number of years next following, the terms of ministerial ser-\\nvice were short. A Rev. Mr. Edes preached about a year, and was\\nsucceeded by Rev. George Osgood, who remained a year. Then\\nfor several years the church was only open during the summer\\nmonths, with Revs. Thomas Howard, W. W. Newell, and George L.\\nChaney as ministers. Rev. J. L. M. Babcock served the society as\\npastor for three years.\\nAt the annual meeting of the society on April i, 1862, its name was\\nchanged from The First Congregational Society to The First\\nUnitarian Society, as at present. This step was taken under the\\nconviction that its distinctive theology and religious aims would be\\nless liable to be misunderstood and misconstrued, as they were while\\ntrying to work in competition with the Orthodox church under\\nthe single name Congregational. Despite its change of name it\\nis, and always has been, the only church in Lancaster strictly con-\\ngregational in its government. Rev. Lyman Clark, a young man\\njust graduated from the theological school at Meadville, Pa., was\\ninvited to supply the pulpit in the winter of 1870. After preaching\\nseveral months and giving satisfaction, he was called as its minister;\\nand on July 20, 1871, was duly installed the first minister ever\\nso set over the church and parish. Under his ministry the society\\nprospered, clearing itself of debt, and even contributing to v^arious\\ncharitable enterprises away from home. He reorganized the society\\nApril 4, 1 87 1, and increased its membership to about one hundred\\npersons during the time he served it. He resigned July 5, 1874,\\nand now resides at Andover, N. H.\\nFor nearly a year the church was either closed or hearing candi-\\ndates for its pulpit. On May i, 1875, Rev. R. P. E. Thatcher began\\na year s engagement, during which time there was a loss in both", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "448 HISTORY OF LAN CASTER.\\nnumbers and finances from which all became so much discouraged\\nthat for four years there was no settled minister. There was preach-\\ning during the summer months by several ministers, who spent their\\nvacations in the vicinit}* of Lancaster. Among them was Rev. \\\\V. H.\\nFish of South Scituate. Mass. Through his efforts, aided by S. J.\\nBeane, the New England missionar} of the American Unitarian\\nAssociation, the societ}- was induced to settle a minister again. In\\nJune. 1880, Rev. J. B. Morrison was settled as pastor. During his\\nperiod of service the society prospered, regaining much, in numbers\\nand financial abilit}-, that it had lost during the five preceding years.\\nThe meeting-house was twice extensively repaired during the nearly\\nten years he was the minister. He resigned in ^lay, 1 890, and was\\nsucceeded by Rev. C. A. Young, who was ordained and installed\\nSeptember 25, 1890. He remained until September, 1893. After\\nthat date the church heard several candidates, but closed during\\nseveral months of the winter following. On April i, 1894, Rev.\\nA. X. Somers preached, and was invited to supply the pulpit for a\\n3 ear, at the end of which time he was invited to remain for another\\nyear.\\nThere have been connected with the society, from its earliest\\nyears to the present, various important auxiliaries and clubs. A\\nLadies Benevolent Societ}- was organized ]\\\\Iarch 8, 1854, which\\nhas continued actively engaged in works of charity, and in aiding\\nthe church financially, as well as in promoting the social interests\\nofthe church and communit} This society changed its name to that\\nof The Women s Alliance, Jan. i, 1895, that it might be one in\\nname and method of work with the National Alliance of Unitarian\\nand other Liberal Christian Women.\\nThere has always been a Sunday-school in the society, and while\\nit has never been large and has suffered many reverses, yet it has\\nsowed the seeds of a rational, ethical, and inspiring spiritual life\\namong the young people of the parish.\\nVarious literary clubs have existed at times as the needs of the\\npeople called for them. The society has exercised a wholesome\\ninfluence upon social amusements in the communit}-. Instead of\\ncondemning them all, it has discriminated between the pure and the\\nimmoral, and sought to purify and make useful such as have an\\naesthetical and moral value to the young.\\nAt a meeting called for the purpose of organizing a young peo-\\nple s society, Jan. 19, 1896, over thirty united in an organization\\nunder the name of The Lancaster Young People s Union. for\\ntheir mutual improvement intellectually, morally, socially, and reli-\\ngiously. With this broad aim the societ\\\\ has started out to dis-\\ncover to the young people of the church and community their place,\\ntheir work, and their responsibilities in the life of their town and", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 449\\nnation. It is a branch of the National Unitarian Union of Young\\nPeople s Societies.\\nIn all things this little church has been an influence for good in\\nthe communit) that no words can measure. Intellectually, morally,\\nsocially, as well as religiously, it has led and never followed the\\nmind and heart of the people. On all questions of reform, it\\nhas taken a rational and progressive stand. To-day it stands in\\nthe front rank of progressive thought and conduct. And though\\nnever large in numbers, with interrupted ser\\\\-ices, and never a pros-\\nelyting societ} it has yet been an inspiring institution that has led\\nto what is best in the true mission of a church character-building.\\nThe intellectual, moral, social, and theological progress of the com-\\nmunity has always been toward, and never away from, the ideals it\\nhas steadily held before it as the guide to all that is best and highest\\nin life, now and evermore.\\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH.\\nThe Catholic faith gained acceptance with the St. Francis tribe of\\nIndians, inhabiting this and still further Northern sections of the\\ncountry, prior to the settlement of the first white inhabitants in 1764.\\nAs the Indians retired before the march of civilization represented\\nby early white settlers of the town, the Catholic faith was soon with-\\nout adherents. The great tide of Irish immigration that set in this\\ndirection about 1830, reached Lancaster in 1833. That year the\\nConnary family settled in Lancaster, where ever since they have\\nbeen prominent Catholics, and highly respected citizens. The first\\nmass celebrated in Lancaster was at the dwelling-house of Patrick\\nConnary, ^lay 4, 1850. He lived at that time in the house now\\noccupied by Cyrus G. Burley.\\nThere were present at that service, Patrick Connan, and wife. John\\nConnary and wife, Thomas Connan, and wife, Patrick Clarey and wife,\\nthen all the Catholics in Lancaster, or near it. The second mass was\\ncelebrated at the house of Patrick Clarey. where ]\\\\Iartin A. Mona-\\nhan now lives. The same parties were present that attended the\\nfirst mass. At this service the sacrament of baptism was adminis-\\ntered for the first time in Lancaster, and to the first Catholic child\\nborn in the town, Mary, daughter of Patrick Connar}*. The first\\npublic mass was celebrated in the old town hall in 1855. by the\\nRev. Fr. Daley. At that time the number of Catholics had increased\\nconsiderably, and from that time forward Lancaster was a recog-\\nnized mission in connection with Concord. John, Francis, and\\nDaniel Kellum had settled here by that time. Ser\\\\Mces were con-\\nducted occasional!}- by Revs. O Reiley, Brady, and others.\\nIn 1S56, Bishop Bacon gave all the missions in the Connecticut\\n-9", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "45 O HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nriver valley from Colebrook, north, to Ashuelot river, south, together\\nwith the White Mountain region, to Rev. Isadore H. Noisseaux as\\nhis mission field. He was a zealous and faithful priest going about\\namong the scattered ones of his faith, ministering to them the con-\\nsolations and comforts of his church. Father Noisseaux at once\\norganized a parish in Lancaster, and purchasing the old Deacon\\nFarrar place where the church and parsonage now stand, fitted it\\nup as his place of residence, and added a chapel to it in which ser-\\nvices were held .until 1877.\\nIn 1869, Bishop Bacon, of Portland, Me., visited the parish for\\nthe first time and administered the sacrament of confirmation. Dur-\\ning that same ear Father Noisseaux purchased land on Spring\\nstreet for a cemetery, and blessed it. Father Noisseaux remained\\nwith the parish that he had organized until 1876, when he was\\ntransferred to Brunswick, Me., and was succeeded in Lancaster by\\nthe Rev. M. P. Danner. During his second year in Lancaster Father\\nDanner built the present church edifice. J. L Williams was the\\narchitect, _and S. B. Congdon the builder. The new building was\\nblessed by Bishop Healey, who preached and administered the sac-\\nrament of confirmation at the time of the dedication. Father Dan-\\nner was succeeded in 1880, by Rev. Fr. McKinnon, who, failing in\\nhealth, was obliged to retire after one year of service in the parish.\\nHe died at Portland, Me., in 1881. He was succeeded by the Rev.\\nFr. H. Lessard, who remained four years. At the beginning of the\\nyear 1886, the parish, which had grown too large for the care of\\none minister, was divided. Whitefield, Percy, Jackson, and Con-\\nway were takeii from it, and North Stratford added to it.\\nThe Rev. M. J. B. Creamer succeeded Father Lessard in 1885.\\nHe was transferred to Manchester in the winter of 1898. In 1887 he\\nbuilt a church at North Stratford, and relinquished that mission which\\nhad then become a separate parish. In 1889 he built a church at\\nTwin Mountain, and in 1890 he renovated the church and house at\\nLancaster, and placed a bell in the tower. In 1891 he purchased a\\nchurch property in Groveton, N. H., where is still a mission. He\\nhas done much during the last two years in decorating the church\\nin Lancaster. He is a hard worker, and it his privilege to min-\\nister to the largest congregation of worshipers in the town of Lan-\\ncaster. In 1895 he purchased lands on North Main street, and laid\\nout a new cemetery for his church. Rev. Fr. D. Alex. Sullivan\\nsucceeded Father Creamer in 1898.\\nTHE BAPTLST CHURCH.\\nThere was once a small society of Baptists in Lancaster, and\\nalthough they have ceased to exist, a brief notice seems proper\\nin the history of the town.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "THE CHURCHES. 45 I\\nThe first preacher of this denomination was the Rev. Henry I.\\nCampbell, who came here during the winter of i859- 6o. He\\ndivided his ministrations between Lancaster and West Milan for\\nseveral months, and then removed to Jefferson. While a resident of\\nthat place he still retained his connection with the society here until\\n1 86 1, when a church organization was effected, and he became its\\nfirst settled pastor.\\nThe old academy building (now the public library building) was\\npurchased by the society July 6, i860, and removed to its present\\nlocation and repaired for their use. Prior to the occupancy of this\\nchurch building the societ}^ held its services in the court-house.\\nIn 1862 an ecclesiastical society was formed under the name of\\nthe First Baptist Society of Lancaster. The Rev. Mr. Campbell\\nremained its pastor until about 1863, when he was succeeded by\\nthe Rev. George A. Glines, a licensed preacher. Mr. Glines was\\nshortly after his location in Lancaster regularly ordained, and re-\\nmained pastor for nearly four ears. For a year following the de-\\nparture of Mr. Glines, the societ}- had no regular preacher. During\\nthis time the Rev. David Gage of Manchester, N. H., the agent of\\nthe New Hampshire State Convention, occasionally occupied the\\npulpit with great acceptance. In December, 1867, the society\\nagain settled a minister, the Rev. Andrew W. Ashley. He re-\\nmained only a few months. It was not until the spring of 1871\\ntliat they again had a settled pastor, when the Rev. Kilburn Holt\\nbegan his ministry over the society. He remained until 1875, when\\nhe resigned and left Lancaster. Since that time the society has had\\nno preaching, and has passed out of existence. Its members have\\nmosth found their place in the other churches.\\nTHE EPISCOPAL CHURCH.\\nThe Protestant Episcopal denomination began holding occasional\\nservices in Lancaster about forty years ago. The first service held,\\nof which we have any certain knowledge, was on the evening of\\nAug. 6, 1856, by Bishop Chase. At that time the wife of the late\\nWilliam Heywood was confirmed. In 1863, Bishop Chase returned\\nand held services again, at which time he confirmed seven persons.\\nFrom the first service alluded to, up to 1875, services were con-\\nducted by ministers visiting here during the sunmier season and at\\nthe mountain resorts near by.\\nDuring the year 1S75 the Rev. James B. Goodrich divided his\\ntime between Littleton and Lancaster, serving the two missions. The\\npresent church building was erected during that, and the succeeding\\n}^ear, at a cost of $9,000, including the lot. Through all his life, as\\nthrough the first years of its existence, the Hon. W^illiam Heywood\\nwas very much devoted to the church, and was of great service to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "452 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nit in many ways. He served as warden from its organization to the\\ntime of his death.\\nIts regular ministers have been Rev. James B. Goodrich, from\\n1875 to 1884; Rev. E. P. Little, from 1884 to 1886; Rev. C. J.\\nHendley, from 1887 to 1889; Rev. William Lloyd Himes, state\\nmissionary, from 1889 to 1892; Rev. Joseph Eames, from 1892 to\\nthe present time. The title of the church is St. Paul s Episcopal\\nchurch.\\nIn addition to its church building the society owns a good rec-\\ntory, on the rear of the large lot upon which the church stands.\\nIts present organization is, Wardens, Henry O. Kent, Ezra Mitch-\\nell secretary, Irving W. Drew; treasurer, Frank D. Hutchins.\\nOTHER SECTS THAT HAVE, AT TIMES, PREACHED IN LANCASTER.\\nThe mild and gentle Quakers have held services in some portions\\nof the town, but never to develop an organization. The Free Bap-\\ntists for a while held meetings in the schoolhouse of district No. 8,\\nbut never gained enough adherents to form a church society. The\\nChristians have been heard on various occasions, but they, too, failed\\nto develop any organization. Restorationist doctrines were once\\npreached by certain Universalist ministers, but without finding much\\nacceptance, if indeed they made any converts, to their faith. The\\nMillerites or Second Adventists created quite a sensation here when\\nthat system was holding the attention of many throughout New\\nEngland. They held meetings that were largely attended, but as\\ntheir prophesies were not fulfilled the few converts they made fell\\ninto apostasy very soon after their conversion.\\nCHAPTER XI.\\nTHE NEWSPAPERS OF LANCASTER.\\nThe White Mountain ^gis The Coos County Democrat The Coos\\nRepublican The Independent Gazette The Coos Herald North-\\nern News Journal of Familiar Science.\\nTHE NEWSPAPER PRESS OF LANCASTER.\\nThe first printing establishment in this section of the state was at\\nLancaster in 1838. An association consisting of Richard P. Kent,\\nGen. John Wilson, Royal Joyslin, and Apollos Perkins, was formed\\nto publish a newspaper, and run a job-printing office. This asso-\\nciation purchased the press and material, being indemnified, as they\\nsupposed, by a sub-subscription. A newspaper, a copy of the first", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "THE NEWSPAPERS OF LANCASTER. 453\\nissue of which is before me as I write, was started with Apollos\\nPerkins as editor, and J. F. C. Hayes, foreman. This paper was\\ncalled The White Mountain ^gis. It was only published in\\nLancaster one year when it was removed to Haverhill, Grafton\\ncounty, under the control of Mr. Hayes, and named the Whig and\\ny^gis. The paper while published in Lancaster was Whig in poli-\\ntics, and was ably edited. It devoted much space to agriculture, as\\nalso to literary matters. Upon the whole, it was a better edited\\npaper than any of the country newspapers of to-day. It abounded\\nwith poetry, mostly selected from the great poets of all periods, and\\nwith interesting stories. Numerous woodcuts, displaying the varied\\nwares of the merchants of the village, adorned its pages. There\\none sees cuts of Isaac B. Gorham s hats, Kent Porter s cook-\\ning stoves, Chadbourne s plows, stage coaches, and Edmund C.\\nWilder s array of furniture.\\nWithin less than a year after the paper was started it had a rival\\nin the Cods County Democrat. The editor of the latter paper\\nsaid sharp things against the yEgis. Among the defects he held\\nup to public gaze was the fact that it was printed on a second-\\nhand press, and from old type. To this the editor of the y^gfs\\nmade reply, to the effect that his press was indeed a second-hand\\none, it having been used to print a religious paper on, and later for\\nprinting Biblesi But its sacred associations did not save it from a\\nloss of patronage in a community much stronger Democratic than\\nWhig in politics. Mr. Perkins for a long time after leaving Lancas-\\nter resided at Lowell, Mass. Mr. Hayes was many years in the\\nWest, connected with newspaper work, and for some time a land\\nbroker at Des Moines, Iowa. He recently removed from Cleveland,\\nO., to Groveton, N. H., where in the evening of life (1897) he rests\\nfrom the cares and anxieties of business. Nat. Hibbard was a printer\\non the yEgis, and George Wilson and William George were ap-\\nprentices while the paper was published in Lancaster. The office\\nof the paper was in the second story of what was once the Masonic\\nhall on Main street, but now a part of Syndicate block, owned by\\nDrew, Jordan and King, and occupied by I. W. Quimby and others\\nas stores and offices.\\nThe paper was not a success. Four years after it was launched\\nforth as an exponent of Whig politics it failed, and the effects of the\\noffice were sold by the original owners. The press was bought by\\nLyman J. Mclndoe, then running a job office at Newbury, Vt., sub-\\nsequently merged into the Aurora of the Valley establishment.\\nThe type went mostly to G. S. Towle, then editing a paper at Haver-\\nhill, The True Democrat and Granite Whig, afterward moved to\\nLebanon, N. H., where it was known as The Granite State Whig,\\nand the predecessor of the Granite State Free Press of that place.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "454 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nTHE COOS COUNTY DEMOCRAT.\\nIn 1.838, shortly after the White Mountain yEgis started as the\\norgan of the Whig party, an association of prominent business men,\\nleading Democrats started the Cods County Detnocr at as the organ of\\ntheir party. That association was composed of Hon. John W. Weeks,\\nM. C. Hon. Jared W. Williams, later governor and United States\\nsenator Hon. John S. Wells, later United States senator and\\nHon. John H. White, sheriff of the county, and others of considera-\\nble note. The paper was edited by Hon. James M. Rix, with James\\nR. Whittemore as publisher. During the first year Mr. Rix per-\\nformed the editorial duties and worked at the case but the next\\nyear he gave up the stick and devoted his whole time to the\\neditorial work of the paper, and retained that relation to the paper\\nuntil the time of his death in 1856. Mr. Amos F. Abbott was fore-\\nman in the office.\\nThe paper was first issued from the second story of the build-\\ning owned by John S. Wells, now the L of the Kent Building,\\non Main street. In 185 i it was removed to the store building of\\nthe late J. A. Smith on Main street. After the death of Mr. Rix,\\nMarch 25, 1856, the ofifice was removed to the post-office building\\non the south side of the river. Jared I. Williams was then its edi-\\ntor for some years, with Joseph W. Merriam of Stratford, later an\\neditor of the Patriot, and afterward an attorney in Chicago, 111., as\\nassistant editor.\\nIn 1859 the Donoo-at was moved to North Stratford, under the\\neditorial control of Charles D. Johnson, then recently admitted to\\nthe bar of Coos county. Mr. Johnson died the following year, and\\nafter his death the paper ceased to represent its party as the party\\norgan. The material of the plant was purchased by various persons,\\nmembers of the opposing organization, and the Democrat was a\\nnondescript. The internal dissension among its owners was dis-\\nplayed by the placing of a cut of a bull, bottom side up, under the\\ntitle of A Man Overboard. This, by its nominal editor one week,\\nfollowed in the next issue by a denunciation of the manager by the\\nowners. After nearly a year of this sort of management, the\\nmaterial was again sold. It was bought by A. J. Walker of Lunen-\\nburg, Vt., who undertook to run a job office on Baptist Hill, in\\nthat town. Mr. Walker failed in his enterprise and sold the estab-\\nlishment Oct. 6, 1866, to Col. Henry O. Kent, who removed it to\\nLancaster, and set it up in the same room where it had been used\\nnearly thirty years before to print the Democrat on. Only a por-\\ntion of the material being of service in his office for the publication\\nof the Coos Republican, Mr. Kent sold the press to C. O. Barney\\nof Canaan, N. H., for the establishment of the Canaan Reporter.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "THE NEWSPAPERS OF LANCASTER. 455\\nFor a period of twenty years the Democrat slumbered like Rip\\nVan Winkle, while some of the most remarkable events in the\\nnation s history were taking place. A veritable new world had come\\nto be during those twenty years. Lancaster had caught the spirit of\\nmany new enterprises, and was pushing forward along new lines of\\nbusiness, intellectual, and social life, when one October day in 1884,\\none F. A. Kehew launched a new edition of the old Cods Democrat\\nupon the world. He appropriated the title and serial number of the\\npaper as last published. He ran it until 1887, when he sold it to\\nW. C. Colby, who conducted it until 1890, when he sold out to\\nJohn D. Bridge of Littleton, N. H., who still owns it. Mr. Bridge\\nhas run the paper as a straight Democratic paper with good suc-\\ncess.\\nWe cannpt pass the long and honorable list of employes of the\\nold Democrat office while it was published in Lancaster without\\nsaying something of them. They are of deserving mention in any\\npermanent record of the town and its enterprises. I borrow from the\\naddress of Col. H. O. Kent before the New Hampshire Printers and\\nPublishers Association at Concord, N. H., Jan. 17, 1872. He says\\nof them\\nHon. James M. Rix, subsequently president of the state senate, was a ner-\\nvous, vigorous writer, and acute politician well known to the public of the state.\\nHis death occurred in March, 1856, from consumption, aggravated beyond doubt\\nby the cares of editorial and political life.\\nJames R. Whittemore, his original associate in the publication of the Detno-\\ncrat, became later a Thompsonian physician in Cincinnati, Ohio.\\nEdward E. Cross of Lancaster served his time in the Democrat office as an\\napprentice, and then assumed management of the office as foreman. From Lan-\\ncaster he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and entered the Dollar Weekly Times office.\\nHe soon became a traveling correspondent for that paper, and for several years\\nhis letters written from all parts of the land, over the 7iom de plume of Edward\\nEverett, were among the most agreeable matter in its columns. Of an adven-\\nturous spirit. Cross readily entered into a plan for establishing mining operations\\nin Arizona, and with a company started, by way of th^ Texas route, for the El\\nDorado. With their outfit he took a printing press and material and on their\\narrival at Tubac commenced the publication of the Arizonian, the first newspaper\\npublished in the territory. While in Arizona, Cross had a difficulty with Sylves-\\nter Mowry, Lt. U. S. A., since a delegate in congress, now dead, and a duel\\nfought with Burnside rifles, which encounter at that time attracted general atten-\\ntion, was the result. Mining operations being suspended by Indian depredations.\\nCross went over into Mexico to enter the military service of the Mexican Liberals,\\nbut learning of the rebellion at home, hastened north. In the summer of 1861,\\nhe was commissioned by Governor Berry colonel of the Fifth New Hampshire\\nInfantry, which regiment bore the well-earned sobriquet of the Fighting Fifth.\\nThe military record of the Fifth and its commander is a part of the history of\\nthe state. Decimated by battle the regiment was always recruited rapidly; fore-\\nmost in desperate work its losses were fearful. Colonel Cross asserted on a pub-\\nlic occasion in Concord, in January, 1863, that at Fredericksburg his dead lay\\nnearer the rebel rifle-pits than those of any other regiment of the Army of the\\nPotomac. Cross was shot through the thigh at Fair Oaks, shot again and again", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "456 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nat Fredericksburg, and while leading the First Division of the Second Army\\nCorps at Gettysburg was fatally shot through the abdomen. His remains were\\ninterred at Lancaster, amid a great concourse of people, by the Masonic fraternity,\\nof which he was a member.\\nCharles Francis Brown, better known as Artemas Ward, entered the Demo-\\ncrat office from Norway, Me., as an apprentice, and served his time until the\\nincident occurred resulting in his exchange to a wider sphere, and to that career\\nwhicii is now known on both hemispheres. Brown was a wayward brother in\\nthe minor duties, a pronounced lover of the good things of this life, attainable to\\nan apprentice in a country printing office, and the constant author of scrapes\\nand practical jokes. The old red sign-post of the Temperance House (kept by\\nGeorge Howe, a simple-minded old man), striped with chalk in ludicrous imita-\\ntion of a barber s pole, the disconsolate cow of his employer, Mr. Rix, who for\\nlack of intuitive perception to comprehend her amateur milk-maid, and conse-\\nquent failure to give down, had her hip broken by a blow from the milking\\nstool, and finally the pied cases in the office, the result of a squabble during\\noffice hours with a chance caller, are flowers culled from the chaplet of Artemas s\\nembryo greatness. He was the plague of his life to Rix the malady culminat-\\ning in a grand tableau in the old ofiice, a stand overturned, the contents of its\\ncases pied upon the floor, Artemas in deadly grapple with his opponent, writhing\\nand reeling among the debris, and the nervous editor bounding in at the door to\\nvent his anger and discharge the future humorist. It was at the Democrat office\\nthat Brown began his career of letters. From there he entered the office of the\\nCleveland Plaindealer, and that career, now so well known, closed with his\\nlamented death at Southampton, England, March 7, 1867.\\nCharles W. Smith entered the Democrat office in 1846, and served his\\napprenticeship, becoming foreman of the office. He was absent a year,\\nbeing engaged upon the Dover Gazette, managed at that time by Major Gibbs.\\nReturning to Lancaster, he again became foreman, under diff erent managemenis.\\nuntil the paper left Lancaster for North Stratford. In 1857 he was foreman of\\nthe Tunes at McGregor, Iowa. He subsequently entered the office of the Coos\\nRepublican, \\\\vh\\\\c\\\\\\\\ \\\\iO?,\\\\t\\\\or\\\\ he held until 1870, when he was elected register of\\ndeeds for Coos county.\\nRichard E. Cross, a brother of Col. E. E. Cross, was another apprentice in\\nthe Democrat office. After serving his time he left Lancaster and entered the\\nregular army. He was a private in the engineer battalion, which formed an\\nimportant part of the small force displayed at Washington to the first inaugura-\\ntion of President Lincoln in 1861. This duty performed, the command was sent\\nto Fort Pickens. In the summer of the same year Cross came north and was\\ncommissioned lieutenant in his brother s (Col. E. E. Cross) regiment. He rose\\nthrough several grades to that of colonel, his muster under the latter grade\\nbeing prevented only by the inadequate number of enlisted men. Colonel Cross,\\nseveral years later, removed to Glencoe, Canada, where he married a daughter of\\nthe Hon. A. P. McDonald, a member of the provincial parliament, a gentleman\\nheavily engaged in the construction of railways. Colonel Cross was, for a time,\\nin business in that line with him, being engaged upon the Intercolonial Railway\\nline below Quebec. f\\nA monument was later erected to his memory by his fellow townsmen and citizens of\\nthe state. Ed.\\nt He later became a so-called magnetic healer, and practised that supposed art for\\na time. He also made and sold medicines, and engaged in a variety of pursuits. He\\nwas United States guard of the treasury at Washington, U. C, where he died in the line\\nof duty in September, 1894. He was interred in the old cemetery at Lancaster beside\\nhis brother with Masonic and Grand Army honors. Ed.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "THE NEWSPAPERS OF LANCASTER. 457\\nDexter Chase, who afterward married a sister of the Cross brothers, was\\nalso, at one time, an apprentice in the Democrat office in the days of Rix, and\\nlater was employed by Rix in his book-store. Mr. Chase was for a time employed\\nas collector for the /juiepefident Democrat (He later entered into other business,\\nthe manufacture of the first spring beds in this country, in Boston, Mass. At a\\nstill later date he returned to Lancaster and engaged in the insurance business,\\nbeing advanced by the companies for which he labored to the position of inspector\\nin New Hampshire, in which occupation he continued until his death early in 1896.\\nHe, too, was mterred in the old cemetery at Lancaster beside Edward E. and\\nRichard E. Cross.)\\nAlbert Bradley Davis, a native of Lancaster, and afterward an actor of con-\\nsiderable ability and reputation, for a long time manager of McVicker s theatre in\\nChicago, 111., served his time as an apprentice in the Democrat office.\\nCaptain John G. Derby of Lancaster, still a resident here, and connected\\nwith several business enterprises, and especially noted for his long service in the\\nfire department, was an apprentice in the Democrat office when C. F. Brown was\\nthere.\\nLyman Stillings of Jefferson was also an apprentice in the office at one time.\\nHe later went West and died there.\\nS. J. Green of Shelburne. who, after leaving the office, was up to the time of\\nhis death in 1869, a clerk in the different stores in Lancaster; Edmund M.\\nWaters of Stratford, now deceased, selected as a clerk and protege by Mr. Rix;\\nLeland H. Plaisted, afterward foreman in Nicholson Sibley s job office at Paw-\\ntucket, R. L Albro Bean, at one time foreman in the office of the rermotit\\nPatriot, at Montpelier, Vt. and Frank Goss, who went West, were among the\\nother employes of the office, whom memory recalls.\\nThe Cods .Republican. This paper, next in date of issue, was\\nestabHshed at Lancaster in December, 1854. It was first pubhshed\\nin the town hall building, by Daniel A. Bowe, of Middlebury, Vt.,\\nfor several years preceptor of Lancaster academy. David B. Alli-\\nson, an old Concord printer, was manager, the two uniting as the\\nfirm of Bowe Allison. The Republican was started as the organ\\nof the party of that name but just organized. The health of Mr.\\nBowe was poor, and he was forced in the autumn of 1857 to give\\nup business. He died of consumption the April following. Col-\\nonel Allison continued the publication of the Republican until\\nDecember, 1858, when the establishment was purchased by Henry\\nO. Kent, and removed to Kent s building, Main street (a part of\\nthe time occupying rooms formerly used by the Coos County Dem-\\nocrat), where it remained until sold by Kent in October, 1870.\\nAfter disposing of the paper Colonel Allison worked at type-set-\\nting, both at Concord, and at several ofifices in Maine, in which state\\nhe died some j^ears later.\\nAmong the employes of the Republicati, under its original management, were\\nJohn L. Parker, later of Woburn, Mass., Budget Lane of Laconia, N. H.,\\nRichard O. Young, who died of disease while serving in the United States Army,\\nand the three apprentices, Rowell, Smith, and Berry, who remained with the\\noffice after its transfer to me. For twelve years, from December, 1858, to Octo-\\nber, 1870, the paper was owned by me, and was under my direct control, save", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "458 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nduring the period of my absence with my regiment, when it was leased to Daniel\\nC. Pinkham, Esq., the clerk of the courts for the county.\\nLevi W. Rowell, the senior apprentice, at the time of my purchase, was fore-\\nman until May, 1859. Mr. Rowell was afterwards connected with the Caddie at\\nLittleton. N. H., and the Ti?nes at St. Johnsbury, Vt.\\nCharles W. Smith, to whom allusion has been made in the sketch of the\\nDemocrat, commenced with me as foreman in May, 1859, continued in that\\nposition until April, 1870. Mr. Smith was a first-class printer, and in the man-\\nagement of the office and business details he proved, during twelve consecutive\\nyears, an invaluable foreman.\\nWilliam H. Berry of Winthrop, Maine, had charge of the office, as foreman,\\nfor a short time after Mr. Smith left it.\\nRichard H. C. Valentine, a Louisianian born, but at the time hailing from\\nNew York city, became foreman in July, 1870, and held that place while the\\npaper was in my hands. He remained with the new management but a brief\\ntime, when he returned to New York. He was later in charge of the printers\\nwarehouse, a branch of the business of George P. Rowell Co., advertising\\nagents of that city. Mr. Valentine was an accomplished printer.\\nThe different apprentices who served in the Republican office, during my\\nownership, were\\nHenry B. Berry, afterward in the army, and later a printer in Boston, Mass.,\\nGeorge P. Smith of Gorham, N. H., Thomas Blake of Stratford, N. H., George\\nH. Emerson of Lancaster, later senior member of the newspaper and job printing\\nfirm of Emerson, Hartshorn Co. of Lancaster. Mr. Emerson had been for\\nseveral years in the treasury department at Washington, but voluntarily retired to\\nenter active business. He entered mercantile pursuits, but finally engaged in the\\nprinting and publishing business.\\nHenry W. Denison of Lancaster, afterward for several years a clerk in the\\ncustoms department at Washington, and subsequently connected with the consu-\\nlar service in Japan, where he now is; Richard H. Emerson of Lancaster; John\\nA. Smith of Lancaster, now resident of Akron, Iowa; Frank Foster Thomas of\\nLancaster, afterward journeyman at Portsmouth, N. H. George H. Colby of\\nLancaster, afterward in the newspaper business, conducting a paper at Hono-\\nlulu, Sandwich Islands, and again at Waterville, Me., and now engaged in the\\nbook trade at Lancaster; Harry C. Hartshorn of Lunenburg, Vt., who was later\\nthe partner of George H. Emerson, his brother-in-law, in the firm of Emerson,\\nHartshorn Co. above referred to; Charles H. Rowell of Hunt s Hollow, Liv-\\ningston Co., N. Y.. supposed to have been killed by the explosion of the mine, in\\nthe siege of Petersburg, Va. Charles E. Rowell of Littleton, N. H., now a\\nphysician at Stamford, Conn. Edward Hoogs of Boston, Mass. Robinson Y.\\nRussell, later of the Lynn Transcript; William Oliver Burbeck of Haverhill,\\nN. H. Nellie Rowell and Nellie Eastman, both of Lancaster, were frequently\\nengaged upon the paper.\\nThe Republican was purchased of me by Chester B. Jordan, October, 1870,\\nand removed to rooms over the post-office on Main street.\\nThe Cods Re-ptiblican Association was subsequently formed, and\\nbought the paper of Chester B. Jordan. In August, 1870, the asso-\\nciation sold the paper to F. E. Shaw, who soon resold it to the\\nassociation. When Mr. Jordan relinquished the editorial charge of\\nthe paper, Wesley W. Pasko of New York, a writer for the Press\\nof that city, became editor. After him came Josiah H. Benton, Jr.,\\nB. F. Whidden, Jonathan Smith, F. W. Williams, W. C. Mahurin,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "THE NEWSPAPERS OF LANCASTER. 459\\nF. E. Shaw. From July, 1877, when Mr. Mahurin, for a second\\ntime, gave up editorial charge of the paper, a Mr. E. W. Kingsley\\nwas editor for the association until April, 1878, when the office was\\ndestroyed by fire.\\nIn May, following the fire which destroyed the plant, James S.\\nPeavey removed his printing office from Littleton, N. H., to Lancas-\\nter, and began the publication of the Republican, in a store building\\nopposite the old American House on Elm street, until the following\\nOctober, when he moved the office into the newly-finished Eagle\\nblock, where he continued the publication of the paper until the\\nsucceeding December, when he sold it to A. F. Rowell and C. D.\\nBatchelder, who took C. L. Griffing into partnership with them,\\nwhich partnership continued until June, 1882, when Rowell and\\nBatchelder retired from it, leaving Griffing the publisher of the\\npaper until September, 1883, when C. D. Phelps and J. H. Baird\\nbought it. Mr. Baird soon bought out his partner, and conducted\\nthe business alone until 1884, when the publication ceased. Rowell,\\nBatchelder Griffing in 1881 changed the name of the paper from\\nThe Cods JRepiihlican to The Lancaster Republican.\\nIn 1884, when the publication of The Taucaster Republican\\nceased, the press, type, and other material were sold at auction, and\\nwere bought by F. A. Kahew of Littleton, N. H., who began the\\nre-publication of the Cods County Democrat, which latter paper\\nnow occupies an office in the new Odd Fellows block on Main street.\\nThe next publication in order in Lancaster was The Prohibition\\nHerald. Its editors were the Rev. L. D. Barrows and Dr. John\\nBlackmer. It was the state organ of the temperance party, and was\\npublished at the job printing office of Emerson, Hartshorn Co., for\\none year from January, 1871 It was then moved to Concord, N. H.\\nThe Independent Gazette. This paper was started as an inde-\\npendent newspaper in January, 1872, by George H. Emerson and\\nHarry C. Hartshorn as publishers. The editor was James S. Brackett\\nfor a tim.e, after which Mr. Emerson became the editor, and contin-\\nued in that relation to the paper until August, 1877, when the paper\\nwas sold to I. VV. Quimby and W. F. Burns. Mr. Burns soon sold his\\ninterest to Joseph Roby, Jr., who, after only a few months, sold out\\nto Mr. Quimby, who continued the publication of .it until Novem-\\nber 10, 1883, at which time he sold out to the Lancaster Printing\\nCompany, which was the name under which George P. Rowell, the\\nwell-known newspaper advertising agent of New York city, con-\\nducted the business in the publication of the Lancaster Gazette, to\\nwhich name Mr. Quimby had changed the paper in 1879. Mr.\\nRowell conducted the paper successfully, until for some reason he\\nsaw fit to abolish it entirely in 1885. He sold the material out in\\njob lots, here and there, hoping it was so effectually scattered as to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "460 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nterminate its use together again but, Phcenix-like, it arose by its\\nscattered parts coming together at the behest of Mr. Ouimby, its\\nformer owner, reappearing with the same headhnes, form, and in\\nevery way the same Lancaster Gazette it had before been. This\\nreappearance was on September 25, 1885. Mr. Ouimby sold out\\nthe plant to James S. Peavey in 1887. Mr. Peavey conducted it\\nonly two years, when he, in turn, sold out to A. F. Rowell and\\nCharles R. Bailey, who have made the paper a first-class local news-\\npaper. In politics it has been Republican. On the ist of July,\\n1896, Mr. Bailey sold his interest to his partner, leaving A. F.\\nRowell sole proprietor and publisher.\\nSeveral other publications of minor importance call for passing\\nnotice\\nThe Cods Herald. In the winter of 1856 Charles N. Kent, then\\nonly thirteen years old, printed and published a little paper under\\nthe above title. It was a creditable enterprise for one so young.\\nMr. Kent was for many years connected with the firm of George P.\\nRowell Co., New York.\\nThe A^orthern JVews. This little sheet, 8x12, edited and pub-\\nlished by Fletcher Ladd and Edward Ray, at the age of eight years,\\nwas another juvenile enterprise in the printer s art that is remem-\\nbered with pleasure by their friends. Mr. Ladd is now an attorney,\\npractising in Lancaster, and Mr. Ray resides in Whitefield.\\nThe Journal of Familiar Science. During the year 1870 the\\nfirm of S. Randall Co., druggists, published a quarterly under this\\nname. It was another of the short-lived ventures, promising well,\\nbut failing to find support.\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nTHE LEARNED PROFESSIONS.\\nThe Lawyers The Physicians\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Dentists The Druggists.\\nTHE BENCH AND BAR.\\nFrom the settlement of New Hampshire, or rather the erection of\\nits territory into a royal province by King Charles II, in 1679, until\\n1770, all New Hampshire, for judicial and financial purposes, com-\\nprised a single court, the supreme judicial court, sitting at Ports-\\nmouth, Dover, and Exeter. In 1 771 the province was divided into\\nfive counties, and three courts of justice were established, the\\nsuperior court of judicature, the inferior court of common pleas,\\nand the court of general sessions.\\nIn 1855 the superior court of judicature was abolished, and the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 46 1\\nsupreme judicial court reestablished, and continued in operation\\nuntil 1874, when it was superseded by the superior court of judi-\\ncature and the circuit court, the first being the law court and the\\nlatter the trial court, which continued to 1876, when they were\\nabolished, and the present supreme court established in their stead.\\nThe inferior court of common pleas continued from 1771 until\\n1820, when it was abolished for five years. From 1825 to 1859,\\nit was again in force and operation. In 1859 it was abolished, and\\nits business transferred to the supreme judicial court. In 1874 this\\ncourt was revived, but only lasted two years, when its business\\npassed to the supreme court.\\nThe court of general sessions of the peace had for its judges all\\nof the commissioned justices of the peace in the county, and was\\naccompanied by grand and petit juries. This court had entire con-\\ntrol of the financial affairs of the county.\\nIn 1794 the functions of this court were transferred to the court\\nof common pleas. The side judges of this court attended to the\\nfinancial affairs of the county. In 1855 a board of county commis-\\nsioners was created, which did away with the side judges, as the\\nfinancial affairs of the county passed under the jurisdiction of the\\ncounty commissioners. All that remains of the court of general ses-\\nsions to-day is the sessions docket, as a branch of the business of\\nthe supreme court, and relates only to entries for laying out high-\\nways.\\nBeside these courts there is the probate court, which has jurisdic-\\ntion in the probate of wills, granting administration, and determining\\nmatters relating to the sale, settlement, and final disposition of estates\\nof deceased persons. It also has original jurisdiction in relation to\\nthe adoption of children, assignment of dower and homestead in the\\nestates of deceased persons and in the appointment and removal of\\nguardians of minors, insane persons, and spendthrifts. It is also a\\ncourt of insolvency, and has jurisdiction over petitions for partition\\nof real estate when title is not in controversy, and grants changes in\\nnames of persons.\\nThe law profession has always held a prominent place in Lan-\\ncaster because it was and is the shire town of the Upper Coos\\ncountry, where the first court was held and where the first lawyers of\\nthe county resided. There have always been able men in the profes-\\nsion, either residing or practising here. In the first years after the\\nestablishing of the county some of the local lawyers did but little\\nbefore the law court. They prepared their cases and had them\\npresented before the court by abler men, who made a practice of\\ntraveling from one court to another throughout the state. Among\\nthem were such lawyers as Bartlett, Bell, Cushman, Wilson, Daniel\\nWebster, Jeremiah Smith, and Jeremiah Mason.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "462 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nRichard Clai?- Everett was the first lawyer to reside in Lancaster.\\nHe was born in Attleboro, Mass., March 28, 1764, the year the first\\nsettlement of this town was made. At the age of fifteen Mr. Ever-\\nett entered the Revolutionary army from Westminster, Mass., and\\nwas retained by Gen. George Washington as a body servant for two\\nyears, at the end of which time he was discharged from service, and\\ncame to Lancaster as a pioneer. He was a young man of high\\naspirations, particularly in the direction of education. He had a\\nstrong desire to procure a good education, but as an orphan boy he\\nfound it difificult to accomplish much in that direction. He re-\\nmained in Lancaster, working as a hired man until 1784. For-\\ntunately, while struggling for an education, he came into posses-\\nsion of some property through the death of a relative in Rhode\\nIsland, and at once set about to accomplish the plans he had laid to\\ngraduate from college. He at once entered with renewed courage\\ninto his plans. He accordingly fitted for college at Hanover,\\nentered in 1786, and graduated from Dartmouth in 1790; and\\nimmediately began the study of law at Albany, N. Y. Having\\ncompleted his professional studies he settled in Lancaster in 1793,\\nfor the practice of his profession, and there married Persis, daughter\\nof Major Jonas Wilder, December 17, of the same year. During\\nthe following year he built the old house on the corner of Main and\\nHigh streets, known now as the Cross House, and lived there until\\nhis death in 1 8 1 5\\nAs a lawyer Mr. Everett was successful, displaying tact and prac-\\ntical judgment. In 1805 he became judge of the court of common\\npleas, which offtce he held until the time of his death. He also\\nrepresented the town in the state legislature several terms with much\\nability. He also held the military commission of colonel. He was\\na tall man of commanding presence, and strict military bearing. He\\nwas of pleasant address, and an able speaker before the court or the\\npublic.\\nMr. Everett was also quite e.xtensively engaged in milling and\\ncloth dressing. He built a large two-story mill on the site of the\\npresent grist-mill, in which were also carried on wool carding and\\ncloth dressing. Being a public-spirited man he took an interest in\\nmany things outside of his professional business. He did much to\\nstart the educational, religious, and social interests of the town in the\\nright direction.\\nAbram Hinds. But little can be learned of Mr. Hinds as a law-\\nyer beyond the fact that he practised here in the court of common\\npleas, and the superior court for some years. He was register of\\ndeeds soon after the organization of the county, but on account of\\nthe loss of the county records it is not certain whether he was the\\nfirst register of deeds or not, but it seems from tradition that he was.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 463\\nAs early as 1807 he was appointed postmaster, which office he held\\nfour years.\\nSamuel A. Pearson. Mr. Pearson graduated from Dartmouth\\ncollege in 1803, and immediately opened a law office in Lancaster.\\nHe was a man of fine bearing, good address, and scholarly. He soon\\nwon a good share of the legal business of the community, and for\\nsome years had a good practice. In 1812 he was appointed post-\\nmaster, and held that office seventeen years. During this time he\\ncontinued active in the practice of his profession, but for some\\nreason, probably the division of his time between his professional\\nbusiness and an office that exacted much time and yielded a small\\nincome, he lost most of his law business. In the later years of his\\npractice he often yielded to the temptations bred, no doubt, of his\\nimpecunious circumstances, to resort to sharp practices to increase\\nhis income, from which he lost business and standing. He died\\npoor, September 2, 1840, at the age of 56.\\nWilliam Fai var. Mr. Farrar, familiarly known as Squire or\\nDeacon Farrar, was a lawyer of a wide practice. His justice docket\\nwas said to have been the second largest ever known in the county,\\nadded to which he had, and held, for many years a large clientage. He\\nwas a popular lawyer, and added to his able reputation he had the\\ndistinction of having been a classmate of Daniel Webster s, graduating\\nfrom Dartmouth college in 1801. He was a man of genial man-\\nners. He was for many years the support of the choir in the old\\nmeeting-house on the hill with his bass viol, which instrument he\\nplayed with ability. He died March 3, 1850, at the age of 69.\\nLevi Barnard wdiS another early Lancaster law} er who had a good\\npractice for many years. He was noted for the manners and habits he\\naffected, which were those of a gentleman of a generation preceding\\nhis time. He was an able and honorable man, and held in esteem by\\nall who knew him. He died Oct. 12, 1832, at the age of 60.\\nCharles y. Stewart. Mr. Stewart was a graduate of Dartmouth\\ncollege in 1809. Fie was a classmate of the distinguished Levi\\nWoodbury. Mr. Stewart was a man of fine address, and of con-\\nvivial nature, too fond of drink to give his attention to his business.\\nHis death, at an early age, was hastened no doubt by intemperate\\nhabits. He lies interred in the old cemetery on Main street.\\nyohn L.. Sheaf e. Few men in the profession have added so much\\nlearning and exemplary qualities to it as John L. Sheafe. At an\\nearly age he opened an office at the North End in 1828, and contin-\\nued in practice here for some years. He left after a time to locate\\nin New Orleans in the practice of his profession, and held very high\\nrank there as a lawyer. He later returned to Portsmouth, his early\\nhome, where he died at a ripe old age.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "464 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nHubbard Wilson, a graduate of Harvard, a fine lawyer for so\\nyoung a man, a most thorough scholar, died here in 1819, at the\\nhome of his father, aged 24.\\nTtirne? Stephenson. Mr. Stephenson was born in Lyme, N. H.,\\nand came to Lancaster when quite a young man. He had been for\\na time a student at Dartmouth college, not graduating however. He\\nwas a man of honor and strict integrity, highly esteemed by all who\\nknew him. He was successful in his profession and acquired con-\\nsiderable wealth. He was judge of the probate court from 1855 to\\n1865. He died Jan. 26, 1872. Although twice married he left\\nno children.\\nyared W. Williams. Mr. Williams was born in West Wood-\\nstock, Conn., in 1796. He graduated from Brown college (now-\\nBrown University) in 18 18, and studied law at the noted law school\\nof Litchfield, Conn. He came to Lancaster on some business soon\\nafter beginning his practice, and liking the town decided to return\\nand locate here, which he did in 1822. He opened an office, and\\nsoon had a good practice. He returned to Connecticut in 1824, to\\nbring as his wife Sarah Hawes Bacon, a most estimable lady. Mr.\\nWilliams received the honorary degree of A. M. from Dartmouth\\ncollege in 1823, and the degree of LL. D. from Brown University\\nin 1852.\\nAs a lawyer Mr. Williams was very successful but his taste for\\npolitics and his sociable and agreeable manners soon opened the\\nway for him into public life. He held many offices with ability and\\nto the satisfaction of his constituents, hi 1830 he was elected to rep-\\nresent Lancaster in the state legislature, and reelected in 1831.\\nFrom 1832 to 1837 he was register of probate. He was elected\\nstate senator in 1833, and reelected twice during the next two years.\\nDuring those last two years in the senate he was its president, and\\npresided with dignity and satisfaction, that won him the credit of\\nbeing an able representative of the people. In 1837 he was elected\\nto congress from the old Sixth district, and reelected at the expira-\\ntion of his first term. He filled this higher office with the same\\nability he had filled the lower ones in the legislature of his state.\\nIn 1847 he was elected governor of New Hampshire, and again in\\n1848. In 1852 he was appointed judge of the probate court. Upon\\nthe decease of Hon. C. G. Atherton, United States senator, in 1853,\\nhe was appointed to fill out the unexpired term. In 1864 he was\\ndelegate to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, 111.\\nHis death occurred Sept 29, 1864, at the age of 68.\\nIra Young. Gen. Ira Young was born in Lisbon, N. H., May\\n5, 1794. He was the son of Col. Samuel Young, an officer of\\nNew Hampshire troops in the Revolutionary War. Ira Young\\nreceived the limited education of the common schools of his town,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "C/U^tx2^^^\\nJohn Sullivan Wells.\\njmi^:^z^-^-\\nJohn H. White.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 465\\nand at the age of twenty entered the law office of Samuel Swan, a\\nnoted lawyer of that time at Bath, N. H. After his admission to\\nthe bar Mr. Young became a partner of Mr. Swan, and remained\\nassociated with him until his death. After the death of his partner\\nMr. Young continued his practice in Bath, until burned out, losing\\nhis law library, and all the effects in his office. He then removed\\nto Colebrook, where he remained in the practice of his profession\\nuntil 1839, when he came to Lancaster and opened an office, and\\ncontinued in practice until his death in 1845.\\nHe was a brigadier-general in 1835, when the Indian Stream\\nWar broke out, and was ordered to the frontier to suppress a band\\nof organized law-breakers, operating along the Canada line. He\\nhad but one slight engagement with the rebels, after which he\\ncleared the county of them.\\nFor his promptness and bravery in that short war the legislature\\nof his state afterward made a public recognition.\\nHaving become broken in health in 1845, he sailed for Cuba in\\nthe hope of restoration but on the next day after he landed his\\ndeath occurred. He was buried in the churchyard of the old cathe-\\ndral and within a hundred yards of where the ashes of Columbus\\nlay. He left a widow and three children, two sons and a daughter.\\nThe two sons did brave and faithful service in the War of the Rebel-\\nlion. H. DeForest Young was captain in the famous Second reg-\\niment of New Hampshire, and served as chief of ordnance of the\\nThird Corps, staff of Major General Sickles. Richard Otis, the\\nother son, died in hospital.\\nyohn Sullivan Wells. Mr. Wells was a prominent lawyer in\\nLancaster for some years. He was born in Durham, N, H., 1804,\\nstudied law with Hon. William Mattocks, Danville, Vt., and be-\\ngan the practice of his profession at Guildhall, Vt., in 1828, where\\nhe remained for seven years. He removed to Bangor, Me., in 1835,\\nbut only remained there one year, when he came to Lancaster and\\nopened an office. He practised here ten years, during which time\\nhe represented the town in the state legislature, and was the speaker\\nof the house. He was also solicitor for Coos county, a portion of\\nthe time he resided here. He was what people are accustomed to\\ncall a self-made man. What education he gained was through\\nhis own unaided efforts. He worked at the trade of cabinet-maker\\nto earn nfoney to enable him to attend school. He was an honest\\nand industrious man, able and eloquent in the behalf of his client s\\ninterests. During his residence in Lancaster he did much for the\\nimprovement of the village. He moved to its present site the L\\npart of the Kent block on Main street but his best landmark in\\nLancaster is the stone house on Main street, now owned and occu-\\npied by L W. Hopkinson. This remarkable structure was reared", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "466 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nfrom material procured b}- splitting up a gigantic boulder of granite\\nnear the Northumberland boundary of the town. He removed from\\nhere to Exeter, and while there was appointed attorney-general in\\n1848. He only held that office a short time, resigning to enter\\npolitics. He was elected to the state senate in 1852, and reelected\\nin 1853. During both terms he served as president of the senate.\\nHe was twice a candidate for governor, 1856-57, but failed election.\\nHe was appointed to fill the unexpired term of the Hon. Moses\\nNorris, deceased, in the United States senate.\\nWilliam Heyzvood. William Heywood was born in Lunen-\\nburg, Vt., October, 1804. His education was acquired in the\\nacademy at Concord, Vt. He read law with Judge Charles Davis\\nof Waterford, Vt., and later with William A. Fletcher of Detroit,\\nMich., and was admitted to the bar at Guildhall, Vt., where he\\nbegan his practice. He removed from there to Lancaster in 1854,\\nwhere he acquired a large and profitable clientage.\\nMr. Heywood was a quiet, unassuming man, but methodical and\\nconscientious in all his business affairs. He was grave in manners and\\nspeech, a man of medium height. He was noted for his humor,\\nthat would flash like lightning from a clear sky at unexpected\\nmoments. While a resident of Vermont he was state senator in\\ni837- 38. He was state s attorney for Essex county for fifteen\\nyears, and a member of the constitutional convention of Ver-\\nmont, 1850.\\n\\\\n his religious connections he was Episcopalian and much de-\\nvoted to his church. It was chiefly through his efforts that his\\ndenomination was enabled to erect a church here and develop its\\norganization. He died in 1893, at the age of eighty-eight years,\\nfull of honor, and is remembered by all who knew him as an hon-\\nored and useful citizen. No greater compliment could be paid him\\nthan to say that Rt. Rev. W. W. Niles, bishop of New Hampshire\\ndiocese, attended the funeral and delivered a eulogy of over an\\nhour s length of great power and feeling. It was his first public\\nutterance at a funeral in the twenty-five years of his service in the\\nstate.\\nHiram A. Fletcher. Hiram A. Fletcher was born at Spring-\\nfield, Vt., Dec. 14, 1806. During his infancy his parents removed\\nto Charlestown, N. H., and later from there to the Indian Stream\\ncountry in the northern part of Coos county, now Pittsburg, as one\\nof the first settlers. Mr. Fletcher was a man of considerable means,\\nand aside from developing a fine farm, built mills, and transacted a\\nlaro-e amount of business. With but little advantages from schools,\\nhis son, Hiram A. Fletcher, began reading law at the age of nineteen,\\nin the ofifice of Gen. Seth Cushman, at Guildhall, Vt. Later he\\nread law in the offices of J. L. Sheafe and J. W. Williams, in Lan-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "William Hevwood.\\nWilliam Burns.\\nJacoi! Uenton.\\nHiram Adams Fletcher.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 467\\ncaster, and also with Governor Hubbard of Charlestovvn, N. H. At\\nthis time he had for a fellow-student Chief Justice John J. Gilchrist,\\nwho was admitted to the bar with him at Newport, N. H., in 1830.\\nMr. Fletcher opened an office at Springfield, Vt., where he practised\\nfor a year. In 1833 he opened an office in Colebrook, where he\\npractised sixteen years, removing to Lancaster in 1849. He soon\\nacquired a good practice here. For many years he had partnerships\\nwith, first, William Heywood, and later William Burns, and during\\nthe last four ears of his life with his son, Everett Fletcher. He\\nwas a good lawyer, a close student, and an honored citizen. He\\ndied Jan. 30, 1879, from consumption, loved and honored by the\\nentire community in which he resided for nearly a half centur}-.\\nWilliam Burns. William Burns was born at Hebron, N. H.,\\nApril 25, 1 82 1. He was the son of Dr. Robert Burns, a Scotchman\\nof great vigor and persistency of purpose, and a former member of\\ncongress, from whom the son inherited qualities that enabled him\\nto obtain a vast store of knowledge and attain success in his busi-\\nness enterprises. Mr. Burns was fitted for college in the academies\\nat Plymouth and New Hampton, and entered Dartmouth college at\\nthe age of sixteen, graduating with the class of 1841. He was a\\nclever and faithful student, always standing well in his classes.\\nHe chose the law as his profession, and at once entered upon the\\nstudy of it in the ofifice of Judge Wilcox of Orford At a later date\\nhe entered Harvard college law school, graduating from it in 1843.\\nThe next year he was admitted to the bar of Grafton county, and\\nbegan the practice of his profession in Littleton, only remaining\\nthere a little more than a year and a half, when he came to Lan-\\ncaster and purchased the legal business and interests of John S.\\nWells, opening an ofifice here in May, 1846. In 1847 he was ap-\\npointed by Gov. J. W. Williams as member of his staff with the\\nrank of colonel. A little later Governor Williams appointed him\\nsolicitor for Coos county, which position he held for five years. He\\nformed a partnership with the late B. F. Whidden, which lasted\\nsome years, and later with Hiram A. Fletcher, that lasted for eight-\\neen years, during which time they were attorneys for the Grand\\nTrunk railroad. Beside this, they held a large clientage, and both\\nwon distinction as honorable, as well as able, lawyers. In 1869 Mr.\\nBurns formed a partnership with Henry Heywood, which lasted\\nuntil 1876, when, on account of ill health, he reluctantly relinquished\\nhis practice. In politics he was a Democrat, and was recognized\\nby his party as one of its truest and ablest advisors and advocates.\\nHe was an able political speaker, often in demand upon the stump.\\nHis ability and faithfulness to his party were rewarded by his elec-\\ntion to the state senate twice, 1856- 57. In 1859, 1861, 1863, he\\nwas a candidate for congress in the old Third district. He was a", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "468 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ndelegate to the National Democratic Convention in i860. In 1876,\\nby a unanimous vote, he was elected a delegate from Lancaster to\\nthe constitutional convention of New Hampshire.\\nIn religion Mr, Burns was a pronounced Unitarian, and as loyal\\nto his church and religion as he was to his business and politics.\\nHe died at Plymouth, April 2, 1885, after a long and painful illness\\ndue to an accident he met with in a railroad wreck many years\\nbefore. He lies buried in the old Livermore churchyard at Holder-\\nness, where are buried many of his ancestors. He was dignified\\nand affable in his bearing, of simple tastes and kindly disposition.\\nAs a lawyer he was eminently successful, due to a large knowledge\\nof his profession and his practical common sense and sound judg-\\nment. As an advocate he was strong before a jury in consequence\\nof his conscientious, unaffected, simple, and manly style, which\\noften rose to a solemn dignity that is rare in forensic oratory.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt. George Ambrose Cossitt was born in Clare-\\nmont, the son of Ambrose Cossitt, and of the fifth generation from\\nRene Cossitt, the first of his ancestors, who came to this country\\nfrom France. Mr. Cossitt had good educational advantages in his\\nnative town, and had free access to the law library of his father, who\\nwas an able lawyer.\\nHis father was president of a bank in Claremont, and George\\nincidentally picked up much knowledge of the business that became\\nof service to him in later years. Mr. Cossitt came to Lancaster\\nfrom Whitefield in 1836. He held the of^ce of register of probate\\nfrom 1837 to 1852, and held the same position under John M.\\nWhipple from i860 to 1874. In connection with this office he\\nbecame recognized as an authority on probate law, and was much\\nconsulted on the subject. He was at one time a partner of S. W.\\nCooper, though never very active in the courts. He also was con-\\nnected with the late B. F. Whidden as a law partner for a time, but\\nhis forte was not in the law practice. He was a man who took life\\neasy and was fond of his comforts. Temperate in habits, ardent of\\nspirit, and of a kindly disposition, he was yet easily aroused and\\nbecame vehement in manner under excitement or strong feelings.\\nHe was for ten years cashier of the Lancaster bank. He held\\nmany ofifices in the town, often acting as an auditor, or member of the\\nschool committee. He evinced a leaning toward the Roman Catho-\\nlic church, though never identified with any sect. For a number of\\nyears he made his home with his daughter, Mrs. O. H. Kimball,\\nwhere he died December 14, 1895, almost ninety years of age.\\nyacob Benton. Mr. Benton was born in Waterford, Vt., August\\n19, 1 8 14. His education was gained at the academies of Lyndon,\\nPeacham, Newbury, and Manchester, Vt. He graduated from the\\nlatter in 1840, and began the study of law in the ofifice of Heaton", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 469\\nReed, Montpelier, Vt. In the fall of that year he became principal\\nof the academy at Concord Corner, Vt., and remained in that posi-\\ntion four years. He read law in the office of Judge Henry A. Bel-\\nlows at Littleton, N. H. In 1844 he came to Lancaster and entered\\nthe office of General Ira Young, completing his studies, and was\\nadmitted to the bar. He formed a partnership with General Ira\\nYoung in the spring of 1845. After the death of General Young in\\nthe fall of that year, Mr. Benton conducted an office by himself for\\nten years, when he formed a partnership with Ossian Ray in 1855,\\nwhich lasted for ten years. From 1867 to 1871 he had as partner\\nColonel J. H. Benton, Jr., and H. I. Goss from 1885 to 1887.\\nAlthough he gained a large law practice, Mr. Benton never confined\\nhimself strictly to his law business, but was a money maker and a\\npolitician, in which capacities he was successful. He made and lost\\nlarge sums of money. He was a large and strong man of great good\\nsense upon every subject, and a power in the town for half a cen-\\ntury. In politics he was first a Whig, but when that party broke\\nup he became a Republican and was one of its staunchest supporters\\nto the day of his death.\\nIn 1854 he represented Lancaster in the state legislature, and was\\nreelected the two following years. He was twice elected to con-\\ngress from the Third district in 1867 and 1869, in both of which\\nplaces he made a most creditable record as debater and legislator.\\nHe was made brigadier-general of the Sixth brigade of state militia\\nin 1857.\\nAs a politician and legislator he was bold, daring, and strong.\\nHad he confined himself strictly to his law practice he might easily\\nhave won great distinction as a lawyer. He had great command of\\nterse English, and was a strong antagonist on the stump and before\\na jury. He died Sept. 29, 1892, from an injury received by the\\nrunning away of his horse. He was of a strong family physically\\nand mentally. Many of the race besides himself became distin-\\nguished as lawyers. He built the Benton manor at the head of\\nMain street, and soon after its completion married Louise Dow,\\ndaughter of General Neal Dow, who survived him but a few years.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden. Benjamin Franklin Whidden was born\\nin Greenland, N. H., in December, 1813. When a lad he re-\\nmoved to Lancaster with his father. His early years in Green-\\nland and Lancaster were passed on a farm. At the age of fourteen\\nhe commenced to learn the trade of cabinet-making, and served\\nfour years, attending school winters. His preparatory education\\nwas acquired at Kimball Union academy. He entered Dartmouth\\ncollege in 1836, and was graduated in 1840. He worked at his\\ntrade, and taught, to defray the greater portion of his expenses.\\nHe was principal of Lancaster academy several terms. He also", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "470 s HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntaught the school in district No. 2, in 1837. He was a capable\\nteacher. He then went to Hanover county, Virginia, as a teacher\\nin languages and mathematics, and remained until 1845 passing\\nhis vacations in Washington, where he had the use of libraries, and\\nthe opportunity to hear the foremost men of that day Webster,\\nClay, Calhoun, Benton, Adams, Marshall, Wright, Choate, McDufifie,\\nPreston, and Crittenden. This he highly prized as a most valuable\\npart of his education, and that epoch was full of choice memories.\\nHe returned to Lancaster in 1845, and completed his studies in the\\noffice of J. W. Williams, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. He\\nwas appointed school commissioner for Coos county in 1850 and\\n1 851; he represented Lancaster in the state legislature in 1849,\\n1850, and 1867. His election in 1849 is under circumstances\\nwhich show the confidence reposed in him. The two parties in\\ntown were so nearly equal in strength that neither could elect Mr.\\nWhidden being the nominee of the Free-soil party, then largely in\\nthe minority. He w^as elected not on party issues, but upon his\\nhonesty, integrity, and ability as a man. He advocated and secured\\nthe passage of the Homestead law. He was county solicitor from\\n1856 to 1863; he was appointed by President Lincoln United\\nStates commissioner and consul-general to Hayti, on the recogni-\\ntion of that government by the United States in 1862, with plenipo-\\ntentiary power to conclude a treaty of amity, commerce, and navi-\\ngation, and for the extradition of fugitive criminals. The treaty\\nwas made in 1864, and immediately confirmed by the governments.\\nMr. Whidden did efificient service for the Union in this capacity,\\ndischarged its duties with gentlemanly courtesy, and was highly\\ncomplimented by Secretary Seward. He resigned his post in 1865,\\non account of ill health, and returned to Lancaster. He was judge\\nof probate in 1868, and held the office until 1874; presidential\\nelector in 1872, and delegate in 1876 to the Republican national\\nconvention at Cincinnati. He traveled in Europe in the summer,\\nand fall of 1874; after his return he resumed the practice of law at\\nLancaster.\\nIn 185 I, Mr. Whidden married Eliza Turner Spaulding of Lancas-\\nter. She was a most estimable lady and beloved by all who knew\\nher. She died in 1868. l\\\\\\\\ 1874 he married Kate J. Brooks of\\nCincinnati, Ohio. She was a lady of rare mental and personal\\nattractions, and much respected by those of her acquaintance. She\\ndied in 1879.\\nMr. Whidden was especially noted for his exactness, honesty,\\nand integrity, and his devotedness to all interests intrusted to his\\ncare. He had an admiration for the classics of not only the modern\\nbut the ancient languages. Fine literary tastes and scholastic cul-\\nture, a broad liberality combined with a keen sense of justice, a", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 4/1\\npractical intelligence broadened by extensive travel, and a genial,\\nkindly spirit, were all united in this true gentleman and scholar.\\nGeorge C. Williams. George Canning Williams was the old-\\nest son of Gov. J. W. Williams, born in Lancaster, Aug. 7, 1827.\\nHe prepared for college at Lancaster academy, and graduated\\nfrom Dartmouth in 1844. He studied law with his father, and was\\nadmitted to the bar in 1848. He was a young man of brilliant\\npowers and a good education. He was county solicitor for a num-\\nber of years, and clerk of the New Hampshire state senate. He\\nalso represented his town in the legislature in 1859 and i860. In\\n1858 he was appointed commissioner of state lands. He became\\ncashier of the White Mountain bank, and through speculation in\\nWestern lands, and over-issue of circulation, the bank became in-\\nvolved and went into liquidation. He had a large docket, but be-\\ncame engaged in many other interests, to the detriment of his prac-\\ntice, and was unfortunate in his personal habits, dying in 1865. He\\nheld many positions of trust and honor, was an active trustee of Lan-\\ncaster academy, and took an interest in education. He was grand\\nmaster of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in New Hampshire,\\nand also a prominent Free Mason. He never married.\\nOssian Ray. Ossian Ray was born in Hinesburg, Vt., Dec. 13,\\n1835. He was deprived of his mother s care at the early age of\\ntwelve. After that he lived at Irasburg, Vt., and was engaged in\\nout-door labors, with only such educational advantages as the com-\\nmon schools afforded. He later spent a few terms at the Irasburg\\nacademy, and from there entered the academy at Derby, Vt. He\\nwas fitted for college with the exception of mathematics and Greek.\\nThe lack of means deprived him of the advantage of a collegiate\\neducation. Having to give up the hope of a college course, he en-\\ntered the law office of Jesse Cooper, and at once commenced the\\nstudy of law. He hungered for knowledge, and with an aptitude\\nfor public speaking, made good use of his time in acquiring an\\neducation, obtaining knowledge, and making an application of his\\nprofessional attainments.\\nIn 1854 he came to Lancaster through the influence of S. W.\\nCooper, a brother of Jesse Cooper of Irasburg, Vt., with whom\\nyoung Ray had been studying law. The object of his coming\\nhere was to assist Mr. Cooper to close up his business, which had\\nbecome necessary on account of his failing health. Here he formed\\nmany acquaintances, and after a varied career, teaching school,\\nstudying law, practising in justice courts, he returned to Lancaster\\nin 1855, and formed a partnership with Jacob Benton the following\\nyear, when but twenty-one years of age. He was admitted to the\\nEssex county bar in Vermont that year, and the next year to the\\nCoos county bar. During the War of the Rebellion he was deputy\\nprovost marshal.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "472 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nHe advanced very rapidly in his profession, was admitted to prac-\\ntice in the United States courts; and in 1872 was admitted to\\npractice in the United States supreme court at Washington. Mr.\\nRay possessed many quahties that fitted him to succeed in his cho-\\nsen caUing. He was active, persevering, and thoroughly in love\\nwith his profession, a great worker, rising to the height of every\\noccasion, and wonderfully successful.\\nWhen Mr. Benton was elected to congress in 1867 their partner-\\nship was dissolved, and he entered into partnership with W. S.\\nLadd, with whom he continued until Mr. Ladd was appointed to\\nthe bench of the supreme court in 1870.\\nIn 1872 Mr. Ray took Irving W. Drew into his oflfice to finish his\\nstudies. From 1873 to 1876 he had William Heywood as a partner.\\nChester B. Jordan, who had just been admitted to the bar, suc-\\nceeded Mr. Heywood in the firm. In January, 1882, Philip Car-\\npenter was admitted into the firm, which was then Ray, Drew, Jor-\\ndan Carpenter. After one year Mr. Ray withdrew, and was with-\\nout a partner until 1885, when G. W. Patterson was associated with\\nhim for about a year. For years he was attorney for the Grand\\nTrunk Railway Company and many other large corporations.\\nLike many other Lancaster lawyers, Mr. Ray was drawn into pol-\\nitics. In iS6S- 6g he represented Lancaster in the state legislature.\\nFrom 1862 to 1872 he was county solicitor for Coos county. In\\n1879 he was appointed by President Hayes United States Attor-\\nney for the District of New Hampshire. He resigned this ofifice,\\nhowever, in 1880, to become a candidate for congress, to fill the\\nunexpired term of Hon. Evarts W. Farr, deceased. He was elected\\nat a special election in December, 1880, by a larger majority than\\nhis opponent had votes, and at once entered upon his duties, serving\\nthe short and long terms. He was reelected by a large majority in\\n1882 to represent the Second Congressional district, formed by a\\nredistricting of the state while he was serving his first term.\\nIn congress he was active, doing much to promote the interests\\nof his constituents. He was instrumental in reducing letter postage,\\nplacing a bounty on sugar, and helping the soldiers. Mr. Ray died\\nJan. 28, 1892, leaving a widow and four children. His funeral was\\nfrom the Congregational church, and was attended by a great num-\\nber of friends from far and near. He had been a progressive, gen-\\nerous man all his life, doing much for the town, and his death was\\nwidely mourned.\\nWilliam Spencer Ladd was born in Dalton, Sept. 5, 1830. At-\\ntended the schools of Dalton and Whitefield, graduated from Dart-\\nmouth college in 1855, taught for a year in Massachusetts, then\\nentered the law ofifice of Hon. A. A. Abbott of Salem, where he\\nremained till 1858, when he was called back to Dalton. He soon", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "Turner Stephenson.\\nBenj. Fkaxki.in Whiuden.\\nOssiAN Rav.\\nWilliam S. Ladd.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 473\\nentered the office of Burns Fletcher, was admitted in 1859, mar-\\nried July 5, i860, to Miss Mira B. Fletcher. Mr. Ladd went to Cole-\\nbrook, opened an office, and remained till 1867, when he returned to\\nLancaster and formed a copartnership with Hon. Ossian Ray. They\\nmade a strong team, a most excellent combination. Mr. Ray was\\nbold, venturesome, magnetic; Mr. Ladd quiet, conservative, me-\\nthodical, discriminating. In the drawing of papers no one excelled\\nhim in the state. He was not an easy talker, but wielded a facile\\npen. Their services were in demand fn New Hampshire and Ver-\\nmont. Their business reached extensively into the Federal courts.\\nOct. 31, 1870, Mr. Ladd was appointed judge of our highest court.\\nIn 1 874 the court was reconstructed and made into two a trial and\\na law court. Judge Ladd was one of the three constituting the lat-\\nter, under the name of the Superior Court of Judicature. Here he\\nremained until both courts were legislated out of existence in 1876,\\nand the present supreme court instituted in their stead. The\\njudge resumed practice and had a large clientage. His opinions\\nrank high as sound exposition of the law, gracefully, strongly stated.\\nHe was appointed state reporter of the court decisions in 1883. In\\n1887 Dartmouth college conferred upon him the degree of LL. D.\\nA year or two before his death he began to fail physically. Travel\\nand rest were resorted to for a balm. Only temporary relief was\\nafforded. May 12, 1891, his great labors on earth came to a suc-\\ncessful close. Bishop Niles and several of the Episcopal clergy\\nwere in attendance upon his funeral on the 15th of the same month.\\nHe was a ripe scholar, an able jurist.\\nIn addition to these lawyers named and commented upon, all of\\nwhom have done their work and passed away, there are remaining\\nfn practice a number, among whom are some of the ablest men the\\ncounty and town have ever been honored to own as residents.\\ny. I. Williams. Jared I. Williams, son of Gov. J. W. Williams,\\nstudied law, was admitted to the bar, and is still in practice. About\\n1856 he was editor of the Cods County Democrat. After his con-\\nnection with the newspaper, he took up civil engineering, for which\\nhe had prepared himself in Brown university.\\nHeni-y O. Kent. Colonel Kent was admitted to the bar in 1858,\\nbut gave up active practice in the courts a few years later. His\\npartners were Hon. Turner Stephenson, later judge of probate, to\\n1 86 1, and Hon. William Heywood in department claims, 1866.\\nLater he was for twelve years editor and owner of the Cods Repub-\\nlican, and has since been connected with manufacturing, insurance,\\nand banking, being now president of the Lancaster Trust Company\\nand treasurer of the Lancaster Savings bank.\\nHe is the senior trustee of Norwich university, where he gradu-\\nated in 1854, and which institution has since conferred upon him the\\nhonorary degrees of A. M. and LL. D.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "474 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nMoses A. Hastings. Mr. Hastings qualified and entered upon\\nthe practice of law in 1868. He was for a time in Gorham, until\\nappointed clerk of the courts of Coos county in 1874, which posi-\\ntion he still holds, consequently he has not practised since then.\\nHe was born in Bethel, Me., and came from that town here. He\\nis a man of sterling integrity and great scope of mind.\\nF. D. Hntc/ifns. Mr. Hutchins studied law, was admitted to the\\nbar of Coos county, and practised from 1876 to 1 881, as partner of\\nHon. Jacob Benton, when he became cashier of the Lancaster Na-\\ntional bank. He still holds that position, and has not practised since\\nthus engaged except in such cases as are connected with the bank.\\nHeni y Hcy-ivood. Henry Heywood, son of Hon. William Hey-\\nwood, born in Guildhall, Dec. 6, 1835, graduated from Dartmouth\\nscientific department in 1855, ^^^^s in Wisconsin as civil engineer\\nuntil 1857, was admitted in i860, and has been engaged in the\\npractice of law in Lancaster since 1869, with success. Before 1869\\nhe was at Guildhall, Vt. He has had as partners, Hon. William\\nBurns and his father.\\nEve7-ett Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher is a son of the late H. A.\\nFletcher, was born in Colebrook, Dec. 23, 1848, has been in\\nthe practice of law in Lancaster since his admission to the bar in\\n1870. He now has as a partner, Fletcher Ladd. Mr. Fletcher is a\\nclose lawyer, painstaking and methodical. He was on Gov. Samuel\\nHale s staff as judge advocate general and was made judge of pro-\\nbate in 1885, having a long and useful term of ofifice.\\nFletcher Ladd. Fletcher Ladd is a son of W. S. Ladd, and for\\nsome years has practised law in association with his uncle, Everett\\nFletcher. He is a graduate of Dartmouth and of the law school.\\nHe is a man of fine attainments in law and literature. Has traveled\\nmuch in foreign lands and has a fine mind stored with choice\\nknowledge. He is a learned man.\\nIrving W. Drezu. Irving W. Drew was born in Colebrook, Jan.\\n8, 1845, of excellent parentage and one of a large family of\\nchildren. He inherited a generous store of common sense. He\\nfitted for college in the schools at home, at Colebrook academy,\\nand Kimball Union Academy, graduating from the latter in 1866,\\nand from Dartmouth in 1870, and immediately entered the law\\noflfice of Ray Ladd. In 1871 he was admitted into partnership\\nwith Ray Heywood. His partners since then have been C. B.\\nJordan, Philip Carpenter, and Will P. Buckley. He soon developed\\ninto a strong man, and has been growing till now. He is a logical,\\nanalytical, persuasive speaker before jury, courts, and upon the\\nplatform. He is engaged in much important litigation in and out\\nof New Hampshire, and his advice and services are often sought in\\nlarge business transactions running up into millions of dollars. He", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0544.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 475\\nhas been an ardent political worker for others, but declined that sort\\nof preferment for himself. He has often refused to be a candidate\\nfor congress, but did once consent to be state senator, making an\\nadmirable record. He has been delegate to four Democratic\\nnational conventions and was major in the Third regiment. New\\nHampshire National Guard. In November, 1869, he married Miss\\nCarrie B. Merrill, daughter of Hon. S. R. Merrill of Colebrook. He\\nis generous, active and efficient in all good work and projects for his\\ntown. He has a large library which is in constant use.\\nChester Bradley Jordan came to Lancaster from Colebrook,\\nwhere he was born Oct. 15, 1839, to take the office of clerk of the\\ncourt June i, 1868. He served as such clerk until Oct. 23, 1874.\\nIn the meantime he had been reading law and November, 1875, was\\nadmitted to the bar. In May, 1876, he was made a member of the\\nfirm of Ray Drew, and has been with Mr. Drew ever since. In\\n1 88 1 he w^as admitted to the federal courts.\\nHe was elected town representative in 1880, by one majority,\\nmaking a net gain for his party in town that year of loi votes.\\nAlthough it was his first year as a legislator, he was unanimously\\nnominated by the Republican caucus for speaker of the house and\\nelected by a handsome vote.\\nIn 1867 Governor Harriman offered him a place on his staff, but it\\nwas declined,, but in 1872 he served on the staff of Governor Straw.\\nIn 188 1 Dartmouth college conferred upon him the degree of A. B.\\nIn 1883 he was made an honorary member of the Third regiment\\nof New Hampshire National Guard a member of the Webster\\nHistorical Society of Massachusetts; in 1884 of the Seventh New\\nHampshire Veteran Association has long been a member of the\\nNew Hampshire Historical Society for several years first vice-presi-\\ndent of the Grafton and Coos Bar Association is the oldest member\\nsave six in time of service of Evening Star Lodge of over 100\\nMasons has held position in one or the other of the Lancaster banks\\never since the National was established, and is a member of the\\nSons of the Revolution. In the fall of 1 896 he was elected state\\nsenator from the first district by a very large vote, and unanimously\\nchosen president of that body.\\nIn the thirty years of his residence in Lancaster he has done\\nwhat he could for the town, and no town-meeting except one, has\\nbeen held in which he has not borne his part. July 19, 1879, he\\nmarried Miss Ida R. Nutter, a Lancaster girl.\\nHe has rendered efficient public service and his home life and\\nintercourse with the people of the town have been worthy of the\\ncommendation and good-will that have followed them.\\nWilliajn H. Shiirtleff. Mr. Shurtleff began the study of law in\\nLancaster in 1862, but dropped it to enter the war service in 1864.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0545.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "4/6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nHe, however, completed his studies upon his return from the service,\\nand was admitted to practise in 1866. He practised in Colebrook\\nuntil 1892, when he located in Lancaster, and is now associated\\nwith Edmund Sullivan in the practice of his profession, in addition\\nto holding the office of fish and game commissioner. He is a man\\nof good sense and judgment, and a genial soul, socially.\\nW/// P. Buckley came from Littleton to Lancaster seven years\\nago, soon after graduating from Dartmouth, where he held high rank\\nas a scholar and an athlete. He united with the firm of Drew,\\nJordan Buckley, and is a member yet. He is strong mentally and\\nphysically, and although a young man is in the forefront of the\\nlawyers of the state. He has a quick, discerning mind full of logic\\nand analysis. He is a thorough scholar, easily mastering and\\nremembering any literary subject. His distinctions are finely yet\\npractically drawn, and he is, withal, very popular among all classes.\\nHe married Miss Lizzie F. Drew in 1891.\\nEdmimd SitUivan began his practice in Lancaster in 1891, and\\nformed a partnership with W. H. Shurtleff, under the firm name of\\nShurtleff Sullivan. He was born here, is getting a good business,\\nand is bright and active. He is thorough in his work.\\nMerrill Shurtlef was admitted to the bar in 1896. He also is\\na Dartmouth graduate and a young man of excellent character and\\nabilities. He is with Drew, Jordan Buckley, where he has been\\never since leaving college. He has been a close student, is a good\\nlawyer, and will be heard from in the near future. He married in\\nJune, 1897, Miss Emily Porter, one of Lancaster s many good girls.\\nHarry B. Amey, A. B., Dartmouth; Charles Fred Cleaveland,\\nA. B., Dartmouth; and Henry Percy Kent, LL. B., Boston univer-\\nsity, were admitted to the bar in 1898. Mr. Amey removed to\\nMilton, Mr. Cleaveland and Mr. Kent commencing practice in Lan-\\ncaster.\\nTHE PHYSICIANS OF LANCASTER.\\nThe first physician, so far as can be learned, that practised medi-\\ncine in Lancaster, was Dr. Samuel White. He was located in New-\\nbury, Vt., in 1773, and visited Lancaster professionally for several\\nyears. Dr. White died on Jefferson Hill, Newbur} Vt., Jan. 25,\\n1848, aged 98 years. Dr. Francis Wilson was probably the first\\nphysician to locate here. The exact date of his coming cannot\\nnow be learned. A Dr. Chapman soon followed the example of\\nDr. Wilson and located here. These two attended the people in\\ntheir sickness for many years. I find among the many papers left by\\nGen. Edwards Bucknam a receipt from one Dr. Gott, as follows\\nLunenburgh may 13th, 1783. Received of Edw ds Bucknam one\\nPound, four Shillings as a gratis for my Coming up and Settling In", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0546.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0547.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "Eliphalet Lyman, M. D.\\nBenjamin Hunking, M. D.\\nJacob E. Stickney, M. D.\\nJohn W. Harney, M. D.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0548.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 47/\\nthe Practice of Physick in Lunenburg as witness my hand Nath l.\\nGott.\\n(He was elsewhere referred to as Revd. Nath l. Gott.\\nFrom this transaction I infer that Dr. Gott must have practised in\\nLancaster also. About the time of the Revolutionary War there\\nwas an old lady by the name of Stalbird living in Jefferson, who\\npractised as a nurse and Doctress. She was familiarly known as\\nGranny Stalbird. These held undisputed sway in their profes-\\nsion in Lancaster until 1796, just a century ago this year, when\\nDr. Samuel Legro, an intelligent and skilful physician, came here\\nto settle in the practice of medicine and surgery. He soon won\\ndistinction as a man of great wisdom, skill, and usefulness. He\\nwas a genial character, liked by all men. He lived to the ripe old\\nage of 79. He left descendants who have filled many useful places\\nin society.\\nIn 1805, Dr. Benjamin Hunking of Newbury, Vt., located in\\nLancaster in the practice of his profession. He was a graduate of\\nthe medical department of Dartmouth college. He built up a very\\nextensive practice, which he held for many years, although di-\\nviding his time between his profession, politics, and ofifice-holding.\\nHe was judge of probate from 1829 to 1852. During the War of\\n18 1 2 he received a commission as assistant surgeon of the United\\nStates navy. He was stationed at several stations and aboard\\nship during the entire period of the war. On his return from the\\nnavy he married Drusilla, daughter of Judge Everett. His life was\\nspent in Lancaster, where he died in 1868, at the age of 86.\\nIn 181 5, Dr. Eliphalet Lyman, a native of Connecticut and a\\ngraduate of Dartmouth college, located in Lancaster and soon built\\nup an extensive practice in medicine and surgery. He was a faithful\\nand able physician. After many years he gave up his profession\\nand opened an of^ce as a justice of the peace. He was active in\\nMasonry, and did much to promote it in Lancaster. He died at the\\nCoos hotel of paralysis, July 19, 1858.\\nThe next physician to locate here was Dr. Jacob E. Stickney\\nof Maine. He came to Lancaster in 1821, and followed the prac-\\ntice of medicine until his death in 1869. He was successful and\\nmuch liked as an able physician, and a true and genial friend.\\nHe had as partner for a time Dr. George T. Dexter, of Boston,\\nMass. I find their card in the White Mountain y^gis of October\\n23, 1838, during its first year of publication in Lancaster, announcing\\nthat they offered their services to their friends and the public in\\nmedicine and surgery, and that Dr. Dexter was prepared to per-\\nform all operations in dentistry. So far as I have been able to\\nascertain. Dr. Dexter was the first to practise dentistry in Lancas-\\nter.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0549.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "478 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nIn 1843, Dr. John W. Barney of St. Johnsbury, Vt., located here,\\nand won the recognition and confidence of the people as an able\\nphysician. For many years he held a large practice; but, like other\\nphysicians of Lancaster, he had political tastes and aspirations. In\\n1868 he was elected to represent the old Twelfth Senatorial dis-\\ntrict in the New Hampshire legislature. He was reelected in 1869.\\nAt a later date he went to Concord, to live, and remained there\\nuntil his death in 1883. He was buried in the Summer Street\\nCemetery, finding a resting-place in the town he served so long and\\nloved so well.\\nDr. Freedom Dinsmore, a retired physician of considerable prom-\\ninence, lived in Lancaster from 1846 to the time of his death in\\n1863.\\nDr. James D. Folsom practised medicine here from 1853 to about\\n1870, and removed to St. Johnsbury, Vt., where he continued his\\nwork.\\nOne Charles Going, son of Asahel the clothier, practised here\\nfor some years. A talented young man, but died from effects of\\nintemperance at the age of twenty-six.\\nDr. John W. Bucknam, a grandson of Gen. Edwards Bucknam,\\none of the first settlers of Lancaster, practised his profession here\\nfor some years before the War of the Rebellion and, on the break-\\ning out of the war, received a commission as assistant surgeon in the\\nfamous Fifth N. H. Regiment, and was with it through the service.\\nHe died at Somersworth, in 1869.\\nUntil 1880 Dr. Frank Bugbee enjoyed a very extensive practice\\nhere for many years. In 1880 he, with his entire family, consisting\\nof his wife, daughter, his wife s parents, Mr. and Mrs. Barton G.\\nTowne, met tragic deaths by poison, administered, as it was sup-\\nposed, by a young woman living in the family. Upon the exami-\\nnation of the contents of several of the stomachs of the victims\\narsenic was found in quantities sufificient to cause death.\\nDr. M. R. Woodbury practised here about the same time.\\nDr. Frank A. Colby was born in Colebrook in 1852, and came\\nto Lancaster with his father, the late E. L. Colby, at the age of\\ntwo years. He was educated here and at Phillips Exeter acad-\\nemy, and received his degree of M. D. from Dartmouth college. He\\npractised his profession here for a time, and also was in the drug\\ntrade in company with E. B. Hamblen for some years. He later\\nsold out, and located in the practice of medicine in Berlin, where he\\ndied from the effects of an incurable trouble, which induced acute\\nheart disease, July 15, 1896.\\nDr. Oscar Worthley, formerly a surgeon in the Second Regiment\\nN. H. Vols., located here in the practice of his profession, and con-\\ntinued until the time of his death in 1890.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0550.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 479\\nThe physicians now here in the activ-e practice of medicine and\\nsurgery are\\nDr. Ezra Mitchell, who came from Maine in 1871, and has en-\\njoyed an extensive and profitable practice. Dr. Emmons F. Stock-\\nwell, a descendant of Emmons Stockwell, one of the founders of\\nthe town, located here in practice of medicine in 1871. He, too,\\nhas enjoyed a large and profitable practice. In 1886 Dr. W. H.\\nLeith of Haverhill, a graduate of the Medical school of Dart-\\nmouth college, settled here in the practice of medicine and surgery.\\nHe has met with success, and has built up a wide practice.\\nIn the fall of 1895, Dr. H. B. Carpenter of St. Johnsbury, Vt.,\\na graduate of Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York city,\\nlocated here in the practice of medicine and surgery, and has met\\nwith encouragement.\\nThese physicians, so far mentioned, have all been of the regular,\\nor allopathic school. Lancaster has had as representatives of the\\nhomoeopathic school, the following ph} sicians\\nDr. C. E. Roweil, Dr. Daniel L. Jones, and Dr. Frank Spooner.\\nThe latter two are still here in practice.\\nDr. Francis L. Town, a native of Lancaster, commenced the prac-\\ntice here about 1858, but entered the army as assistant surgeon iin\\n1 86 1, rising through all the grades to be colonel and assistant sur-\\ngeon-general,. U. S. A. He is now on the retired list.\\nDENTISTS.\\nFor many years in Lancaster, as in every other community, den-\\ntistry consisted solely in pulling teeth, and was practised either by\\nthe physicians, or by men of little skill and with nerve enough to use\\nthe turnkey or a pair of rude forceps. Very soon after dentistry\\nbecame a specialty, the art was introduced in Lancaster by Dr.\\nGeorge T. Dexter, who came here from Boston, Mass., in 1838,\\nand entered into partnership with Dr. Jacob E. Stickney, paying\\nattention to dentistry.\\nThe next dentist of which we have any certain knowledge was\\nDr. Stocking. He is referred to in a diary kept by the late Richard\\nP. Kent as treating teeth, and making artificial teeth, in 1846.\\nHe practised here for some years. The next person to follow the\\npractice of dentistry here was Dr. E. G. Cummings. He had his\\noffice at his residence in the old Deacon Farrar house, now the par-\\nsonage of the Catholic church, and in Kent s building from 1853.\\nAfter many years of successful practice he left to locate in Concord,\\nN. H., where he has been ever since.\\nDr. George O. Rogers practised the profession here for some\\nyears, and then went to China, where he enjoyed royal patronage\\nfor a period of ten years, making a fortune out of his labor. He", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0551.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "48o HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nreturned to his native country, and is located somewhere in Oregon.\\nWhen he left Lancaster his place was taken by Dr. B. T. Olcott,\\nwho had studied with him. Dr. Olcott was here some years, and\\nthen removed to Keene, N. H., where he is still in practice.\\nWhen Dr. Olcott left here he was succeeded by Dr. E. B. Gush-\\ning, who after some few years of successful practice, left Lancaster\\nto locate in Laconia, N. H., where he is still. Dr. Gushing was\\nsucceeded in i88i by Dr. S. B. Wellington, who for ten years\\nenjoyed a good business here in the same oflfice that Drs. Olcott\\nand Gushing had occupied over the Lancaster National bank.\\nWhen Dr; Wellington left, his practice was taken by Dr. W. H.\\nThompson, who had studied with him, and had then just graduated\\nfrom the Philadelphia Dental college. Dr. Thompson has enjoyed\\na good practice, and still remains in the old office.\\nAbout the time that Dr. Wellington began practice here, Dr. O.\\nH. Kimball opened an office and practised for the period of fifteen\\nyears, at the end of which he retired upon his farm a few miles ea.st\\nof the village.\\nDr. Kimball s practice was taken by Dr. A. W. Wark, who had\\njust graduated from the Philadelphia Dental college, and who has\\ncontinued in the practice to the present time with success.\\nDRUGGISTS.\\nFor nearly a century Lancaster could not boast of such a thing\\nas an apothecary shop. In fact few New England villages of\\nits size, and so remote from the large cities, had such an enterprise,\\nnow so well-nigh indispensable to every community.\\nI find that David Page was presented with a bill for medicine, but\\nby whom I cannot learn, amounting to 8 pounds, 13 shillings, 6\\npence, under three items as follows To medicine for your family\\nto medicine for your family and chatties; to Gum Camphor for\\nyourself. This was probably from some merchant of the earliest\\nperiod of the settlement.\\nNear the middle of the present century the merchants began to\\ninclude in their stocks of medicines a larger variety of new drugs\\nand proprietary remedies. The earliest inhabitants used but few\\nremedies besides the herbs reputed to possess curative powers.\\nMany of these were wild herbs found growing about the country,\\nand not a few of them gained their reputation through Indian tra-\\nditions. After physicians began to locate here the number of drugs\\nand proprietary remedies used increased so that the merchants\\nbrought quite large stocks of them when they made their trips to\\nthe cities for goods. In the first issue of the White Mountain\\ny^gis, a newspaper published at Lancaster, May 22, 1838, I find\\nthis advertisement of drugs and medicines by Kent Porter", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0552.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 48 1\\nKent Porter, Main street, Lancaster. Have for sale, a good assortment of\\ndrugs and medicines, among whicli may be found the following Tartaric, muri-\\natic, proligenous, sulphuric and nitric acid; crude antimonia; carbonate, aqua,\\nand spirits of ammonia Newton s and Richardson s bitters Thompson s eye-\\nwater salt rheum, pile and itch ointment; bayberry, cascarilla, winter, peruvian\\nand prickly ash bark aloes, arable, assofoetida, guiacum, shellac, and copal gum\\nsenna, uva ursa, and digitalis leaves; peppermint, wormwood, lemon, hemlock,\\nannis, cedar, cloves, origanum, croton, harlem, spike, amber, soap, British, cas-\\ntor, and olive oil; Thayer s, Lamott s, Newton s, Hygean, Brandreth s, Kingley s,\\nand Lee s pills Dover and James s powders blistering, mercurial, adhesive,\\nOliver s, diachylon, plasters; rosemary, senneka, columbo, gentian, jalap, San-\\nders, squills, snake, epicac, curcania, arrow, valerian, and pink root Epsom,\\nglauber, tartar ammonia, and lemon salts carbonate of soda arsenic Ander-\\nson s cough drops; borax; balsam copavia pulmonary do.; chloride of lime\\ncastile soap calomel cream tartar cammomile flowers castor fiber corrosive\\nsublimate colocynth cowage coculus indicus carbonate of iron paragoric\\nand propriettatis elixer hyoscyamus and belladonna extract iodine licorice\\nlapis caliminus red lavender magnesia Moore s essence of life acetate of\\nmorphine; nux vomica; oxide bismuth; red precipitate; phosphate of iron;\\npicra quick silver; quinine; quassia; rheubarb squills; sulphuric ether;\\nspirits of nitre saffron; tincture muriatic iron; unguentum white vitriol, etc.,\\netc., etc.\\nA rival firm, B. H. Chadbourn Co., had an advertisement in the\\nsame issue of the paper bearing date of May 15th, one week earher\\nthan the first issuing of the paper, as follows\\nPreserve Your Health Call on the subscribers and (amongst many other\\nvery important articles), you will find the following Valuable Medicines, which are\\ngenuine Newton s Panacea, Remedy for Dispelling Pain, Jaundice Bitters, Pul-\\nmonary Balsam, Eye Water, Cathartic Pills, Itch Ointment Lee s Pills Thayer s\\nPills Ewen s Pills Moors Essence of Life Thayer s Oil Soap opodeldoc gum\\ncamphor picra Cort Peru Rhad Rhei sugar lead cantharides opium mag-\\nnesia, c., c. All of which are genuine and of the best quality.\\nThey have also a few dozen of Doct. Brandreth s Pills, which they recommend\\nto be Counterfeit, and warranted good for nothingl Honesty is the best policy.\\nB. H. Chadbourn Co. Lancaster, May 15.\\nIn the same number of the paper we find the following advertise-\\nment\\nPulmonary Balsam and Brandreth s Pills. Dr. Carter s Compound Pulmonary\\nBalsam Brandreth s Vegetable Universal Pills, and Moors Essence of Life, for\\nsale by William T. Carlisle. Lancaster, May 22, 1838.\\nWhile many of the remedies of those early times were proprietary,\\nit will be seen that vast quantities of drugs, in the bulk, were kept by\\nmerchants from which physicians prescriptions, or private formulas,\\nwere filled. The parties selling drugs were not required to under-\\nstand the properties of their goods, nor the rules governing their\\ncompounding. That was left for the physicians and the purchaser\\nto do on their own responsibility.\\nIn 1856, Dr. John W. Barney opened a regular drug store, the\\n31", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0553.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "482 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nfirst one in Lancaster. It was on the spot now occupied by Colby s\\ndrug store, on Main street. He conducted a successful business\\nthere for a number of years. He took Edward Savage into partner-\\nship with him, and in 1868 sold out to Savage, who continued until\\n1873, when he sold out to Dr. Frank Colby. Dr. Colby took his\\nbrother, Charles F. Colby, into the firm in 1876. The latter is still\\nin the business at the same stand.\\nIn 1868, Parker J. Noyes of Columbia came to Lancaster, and\\nbought the two-story building erected by T. S. Hall, who married\\nMary Page, the building standing on the corner of Main and Bun-\\nker Hill streets, where James M. Rix s bookstore was previous to\\nthe fire that destroyed his stock in 1846; which store was originally\\nthe George F. Hartwell store, standing where E. Sullivan s house\\nnow is. Mr. Noyes opened a retail drug store on a very modest\\nscale, later buying the medicines and good will from the Kent\\nstore. His success soon made it necessary to enlarge the build-\\ning, and from time to time the same building has been thus added\\nto until now it is a large structure, but still being outgrown by the\\nhealthy growth of his trade. This growth was due to the man-\\nufacture of medicines, not of the so-called patent medicines, but\\nstandard remedies carried by the regular drug trade, and also for\\nphysicians. That portion of Mr. Noyes s business has been of chief\\nimportance, although he has always conducted the largest retail\\ndrug store in northern New Hampshire.\\nMr. Noyes has possessed a genius for invention, in both chemical\\nprocesses and mechanical appliances. As manufacturing chemist\\nhe felt the need of improved machinery, and not finding what he\\nneeded in the market, he made it. More than ten years ago he\\ninvented a pill machine, that still holds the first place in ma-\\nchinery for that process. In addition to that important piece of\\nmachinery he has improved several others, adding greatly to their\\nusefulness. The most remarkable piece of machinery used in his\\nextensive laboratory is his automatic forming and coating ma-\\nchine, for the manufacture of pills and tablets. This ingeniously\\ndevised machine forms the tablet and coats it all in one machine\\nand process. This permits using any kind of effervescent material\\nfor coatings, such as chocolate and sugar of milk. The coatings\\nare made by a dry process. The machine, with one attendant, turns\\nout 5,000 tablets per hour. He is now using three of them in his\\nlaboratory, and turning out an enormous product to meet the grow-\\ning demands from the regular drug trade and physicians. An\\nimportant feature of the business of the P. J. Noyes Manufacturing\\nCo., which was formed with a $50,000 capital in 1889, is filling\\nphysicians orders for their own prescriptions. Upon this new\\nmachine and its processes Mr. Noyes holds five patents. The", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0554.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 483\\nmechanical work on it was done by the Thompson Manufacturing\\nCo. of Lancaster. The P. J. Noyes Manufacturing Co. have em-\\nployed much of the time for the last few years as many as thirty\\npersons in their laboratory, and just at the present time they are\\nenlarging it by the fitting up of a large building adjoining their own\\nbuilding as an annex to their already large laboratory.\\nIn 1892, Charles A. Graves opened a drug store in the Kimball\\nblock, corner of Main and Elm streets, in which he continued until\\nthe fall of 1895, when he sold out to George W. Carpenter of Lis-\\nbon. Mr. Carpenter has conducted the business since then with\\nsuccess. He manufactures a few proprietary remedies, chief among\\nwhich is Merrill s Sarsaparilla, which has met with considerable\\nfavor at home and abroad.\\nCHAPTER Xin.\\nFRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER.\\nMasons Odd Fellows Knights of Pythias Catholic Order of For-\\nesters Knights of the Maccabees Grand Army of the Republic\\nWoman s Relief Corps Woman s Christian Temperance Union\\nWashingtonian Temperance Society Sons of Temperance Good\\nTemplars Friendship Temperance Club Patrons of Husbandry.\\nMASONRY IN LANCASTER.\\nNorth Star Lodge, No. 8, A. F. A. M.\u00e2\u0080\u0094ln lygy the fol-\\nlowing persons, all Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, residents\\nof Lancaster and Northumberland, petitioned the grand lodge to\\nbe erected and constituted a regular lodge of Free and Accepted\\nMasons George Kimball, John Weeks, Mills DeForest, Thomas\\nBurnside, Edmund Head, Jabez Parsons, Samuel Phelps, John J.\\nFrench, William Cargill, Nathaniel Wales, HoUoway Taylor, Josiah\\nSawyer, James Chamberlain, Azariah Webb, and Warren Cook.\\nTheir petition was granted Dec. 18, 1797, and a charter issued\\nunder the title and designation of North Star lodge. No. 8. George\\nKimball was appointed master; John J. French, senior warden;\\nJohn Weeks, junior warden with power and authority to con-\\nvene as Masons within the town of Northumberland, and state of\\nNew Hampshire.\\nNot until Jan. 21, 1800, at the annual election, did the lodge have\\na full list of ofificers. They were as follows Samuel Phelps, W. M.\\nDaniel Dana, J. W. Artemas Wilder, treasurer; Richard C. Ever-\\nett, secretary; Warren Cook, S. D. Joseph Dyer, S. D.\\nIt is not known if, or for how long, George Kimball served as", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0555.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "484 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nW. M., nor when the first election of officers was held, as the records\\nare too meager to determine these questions. James Chamberlain\\nwas W. M. in 1798. Special communications were frequent in the\\nearly years of the lodge. The opening was on the Entered Appren-\\ntice degree, and all business of the lodge was done on that degree,\\nFellow Craft and Master Masons lodges being opened only for the\\npurpose of conferring these degrees and delivering lectures.\\nThe communication of Jan. 21, 1799, was the last one held in\\nNorthumberland. Although North Star lodge was by charter\\nlocated in Northumberland, then a more prosperous village than\\nLancaster, it was removed to the latter place in 1800. A commu-\\nnication from the grand lodge in January, 1800, shows that a\\nrequest for its removal was made, and granted.\\nThe first communication of the lodge in Lancaster was a special\\nFeb. 1 1, 1800. The lodge had a hall about 1804. frequently referred\\nto in the Lancaster Bridge Records as Masonic Hall standing\\nwhere L W. Drew s house is. This building came down town and\\nis now a part of Syndicate block. The lodge in 1852 met in a hall\\nthen but recently used by the Sons of Temperance over Harvey\\nAdams s blacksmith shop, where the Monahan shop now is, then in\\nthe hall of the American House, W. G. Wentworth, then in 1854 in\\nrooms over R. P. Kent s store, then over D. A. Burnside s store de-\\nstroyed by fire in 1878, where Eagle block now is, then in 1859 in\\nthe hall fitted up by the Odd Fellows over the town hall, and since\\n1888 in its present commodious quarters in the building which the\\nMasonic corporation owns.\\nDuring the first years of the lodge the fees were twenty cents for\\neach member each communication attended, making yearly dues of\\ntwo dollars and forty cents.\\nThe lodge celebrated St. John Baptist s day (June 24) 1801,\\nin due form, but privately. That was the first time it had cele-\\nbrated this anniversary. At the second regular election of the\\nlodge, Jan. 19, 1802, Stephen Wilson was chosen W. M. Dur-\\ning that year the lodge passed through some serious troubles,\\nand it was seriously attempted to return the charter. After much\\ndiscussion on various occasions, it was voted, Aug. 17, 1802, that\\nthe charter shall not be returned. Previous to 1803, it had been\\ncustomary to elect officers at any communication that suited the\\nconvenience of the lodge but it was voted on December 20th of\\nthat year to comply with the request of the grand lodge, and elect\\nofficers annually in December. The working hours during those\\nearly years were long and often tedious, from i to 8 in the after-\\nnoon.\\nIn 1806, differences again disturbed the lodge, and in April the\\nmove to return the charter was voted down by a slender majority.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0556.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 485\\nThe records of that year are missing but it is known that Stephen\\nWilson was re-elected W. M. On June 2, 1807, it was voted to\\nreturn the charter of the lodge to the grand lodge; and Daniel\\nDana, J. M. Tillotson, and Elijah Foote were appointed a com-\\nmittee to take charge of records, jewels, implements, and property\\nof the lodge, and return the charter to the grand lodge.\\nSome time before 18 14, when the records take up the narrative of\\nthe lodge, it had been revived by vote of the grand lodge, with\\nStephen Wilson, W. M., he having held that position for eight\\nyears. St. John s day was observed in 1815, the first time it was\\npublicly observed by the lodge. The members, in a body, marched\\nto the old meeting-house where an address was delivered by Rev.\\nDyer Berge, after which they proceeded to their hall at the North\\nEnd and partook of refreshments.\\nThe first visitation of the grand master of New Hampshire to\\nNorth Star lodge occurred Sept. 3, 181 5, when William H. Wood-\\nward, G. M., delivered an address. During that year the records\\nshow that the sum of $10 was voted to Jeremy L. Cross in consid-\\neration of his services as a lecturer, in which capacity and through\\nthe publication of several editions of his Hieroglyphic Monitor,\\nand as an organizer of lodges, he won a national reputation and dis-\\ntinction.\\nDuring the^ first twenty years or more the only elective offices were\\nW. M., S. W., J. W., secretary, treasurer, representative to the grand\\nlodge, and financial committee. On March 4, 181 7, the by-laws were\\nchanged so as to bring the annual communication in March instead\\nof December as before. On April ist of that year it was voted to\\nadopt and wear the white aprons, not previously in use. St. John s\\nday, 1817, was observed by an address by Benjamin Hunking at\\nthe old meeting-house, and refreshments at the inn of William and\\nNoyes Dennison, later known as the American House, situated on\\nthe corner of Main and Elm streets, where Kimball s block now\\nstands. At the annual communication of March 9, 18 19, William\\nLovejoy was elected W. M. He appointed the wardens, the first\\ninstance of the kind in the history of the lodge, as they had before\\nbeen elected. At the celebration of St. John s day, 18 19, the\\naddress was given by Eliphalet Lyman, followed by a sumptions\\ndinner at William Cargill s, after which the brethren retired to their\\nhall and drank a goodly number of regular and volunteer toasts\\nunder the direction of a toast-master. Although their by-laws\\nforbade irregularities and intemperance, or anything which may\\nimpair their faculties or debase the dignity of their profession, they\\ndid drink West India rum, and New England rum on occa-\\nsions. It was voted Dec. 7, 1824, that Bro. Spencer Clark be re-\\nquested to procure five or more gallons of West India rum, and five", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0557.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "486 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nor more gallons of New England rum, for the use of the lodge; that\\nthe secretary be directed to call on all the brethren indebted to the\\nlodge to make immediate payment. On Sept. 27, 1825, a vote\\nwas passed against the use of liquors in the lodge. In December of\\nthat year some of the more bibulous brethren secured the passage of\\na v^ote that the vote passed September 27, prohibiting the use of\\nardent spirits in the lodge for a year, be rescinded\\nFrom Feb. 11, 1826, the records are lacking until 1852. It is\\nknown, however, that the lodge continued through the period of\\nthe anti-Masonic, or Morgan, crusade. In June, 1844, it surren-\\ndered its charter. In 1852, under license issued July 13, by Grand\\nMaster Horace Chase, the members of the lodge met in the Sons of\\nTemperance hall, over ]Iarvey Adams s shop.\\nIn 1852 its charter was reissued, and the lodge once more met.\\nSept. 4, as before stated. Its officers were Eliphalet Lyman, W. M.\\nEphraim Cross, S. W. Charles Baker, J. W. Jacob E. Stickney,\\nsecretary; Benjamin Hunking, treasurer George Ingerson, S. D.\\nAllen Smith, J. D. John Savage, tyler. It is supposed that these\\nwere the officers in 1845, when the charter was surrendered. They\\nwere unanimously elected at the annual election of officers, May\\n24, 1853, and with the exception of Charles W. Smith, entered ap-\\nprentice, were all the members present at the meeting. During\\n1853 the lodge moved to Wentworth Hall, in the old American\\nHouse, where it continued to meet for about a year, when it re-\\nmoved to rooms over R. P. Kent s store. It remained there one\\nyear, when it removed to a hall over David Burnside s store, stand-\\ning where Eagle block now does. The building was later known as\\nRowell s block. Here it remained for some time, and had a reason-\\nable growth; for in June, 1855, a vote was passed to authorize the\\ntreasurer to procure twenty-nine working aprons, with suitable\\ninsignia upon them for the officers also a square and compass of\\nsolid silver. The latter, it is said, are the ones still in use b} the\\nlodge. In 1856 the lodge removed to the hall in the attic of the\\ntown hall building, formerly the old meeting-house, where it still\\nremains in a remodeled and elegant hall of its own. The hall at\\nthat time was known as Odd Fellows hall. At a special commu-\\nnication, held May 26, 1856, it was voted that all business of the\\nlodge, including the balloting for candidates, be transacted in a\\nMaster Masons lodge, with the exception of the work of conferring\\nentered apprentice and F. C. degrees. The use of liquor in the\\nlodge was prohibited. St. Evangelist s Day, Dec. 27, was celebrat-\\ned by the lodge by going to Whitefield, where dinner was had at the\\nJohn s River house, with toasts and addresses.\\nThe noted Indian, Louis Annance, was the only one of his race\\nwho ever belonged to North Star lodge. He was cordially loved", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0558.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 487\\nby all, and kindly remembered by the lodge in his old age by the\\ngift of $25 on one occasion, when in indigent circumstances.\\nThe first public installation of ofificers took place in the town hall,\\nMay 5, 1868, and in December following the silver jewels now in\\nuse were purchased. In 1878, the lodge receiv^ed a bequest of $50\\nfrom the estate of Rev. Daniel Austin, once a farmer in Jefferson,\\nclergyman, and man of fortune and leisure, once a debtor within\\nthe jail limits of Lancaster. He was made a member in 1832. His\\nmemory is now substantially commemorated by the lodge altar, pur-\\nchased with his bequest.\\nIn 1880, the lodge offered a reward of $50 for tidings of Silas\\nHurlburt, an old and feeble man, who wandered away from his home\\ninto the woods on Page hill and was lost, no tidings of whom have\\never been received. He was made a member in 18 19, and in 1880,\\nat his request, had been promised by the W. M. Masonic burial.\\nIn 1884, the lodge bought the town hall property. The North\\nStar Corporation was formed under the laws of New Hampshire,-\\nand acquired title. North Star Lodge, North Star Chapter, and\\nNorth Star Commandery combined, and hold equal shares in the\\nbuilding, each appointing two of the six trustees for the govern-\\nment of the same. The custody of the building is entrusted to a\\njanitor. W. L. Rowell has held that office since the arrangement\\nwas effected. Henry O. Kent, E. V. Cobleigh, John L. Moore, E. R.\\nKent, Moses A. Hastings, and W. L. Rowell are the trustees, La\\nFayette Moore and S. H. Legro, deceased, having served.\\nAt the annual town meeting in 1888, an arrangement was entered\\ninto between the town and the corporation, by which the town re-\\nlinquished to the corporation certain rights to the town hall on the\\nsecond floor of the building, and paid $2,000 in consideration of\\nthe completion of certain repairs and the subsequent maintenance of\\nthe pubHc hall for town purposes. In May, 1888, work was begun\\non the town hall and the second story was opened to the public on\\nJan. 9, 1889. This spacious auditorium is frequently designated as\\nMusic Hall. A dedicatory service w^as held, and on St. John\\nBaptist s day, June 24, the Masons dedicated their spacious hall and\\napartments on the third floor. The frame of this building is the\\nold meeting-house that stood on the plateau south of it, now known\\nas Soldiers Park, for fifty years. It ceased to be used for church\\npurposes when the present Congregational meeting-house was built\\nin 1840. The last use of the building on its old site was for an\\nentertainment given by the students of Lancaster academy, Novem-\\nber, 1844. The house having been built by the town, was town\\nproperty when it was no longer used for church purposes. In 1845,\\narrangements were made with Royal Joyslin, a merchant, to move\\nthe building to the site it now occupies. The building was set upon", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0559.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "488 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nblocks six feet high, and the street graded up to the level of its sills.\\nThe ground floor was cleared of its pews, and used by Mr. Joyslin\\nas a store. Part of the galleries were removed and a floor placed\\nfor a town hall, which is the present Music Hall The attic of\\nthe building was a little later fitted up for the Odd Fallows.\\nThe dedication of the remodeled Masonic temple, June 24, 1889,\\nwas an important event in the history of Lancaster as well as in the\\nhistory of Masonry. Invitations had been sent out and responded\\nto in large numbers by the following Masonic bodies: Evening Star\\nLodge, No. 37, of Colebrook; Gorham Lodge, No. ji, of Gorham\\nWhite Mountain Lodge, of VVhitefield Burns Lodge, No. 66, of\\nLittleton St. Gerard Commandery, of Littleton Palestine Com-\\nmandery, No. 5, of St. Johnsbury, Vt. The dedicatory services\\noccurred at i 130 o clock, and were participated in by five hundred\\nMasons, who assembled in Masonic hall, while the Grand Lodge of\\nNew Hampshire gathered at Odd Fellows hall, which had been ten-\\ndered for the occasion. After the opening of North Star Lodge\\nin due and ancient form, an escort brought the grand lodge to Ma-\\nsonic temple, to dedicate the new hall to the uses of Masonry.\\nEagle hall was the place of banqueting, whither the throng of\\nguests and their hosts repaired for a feast seldom equalled, and never\\nsurpassed, in magnificence, in Lancaster.\\nIn the evening the large Music hall was crowded by the frater-\\nnity, their wives, and citizens of Lancaster, to listen to fine music and\\neloquent speeches. The principal address was delivered by Bro.\\nHenry O. Kent, Past Master. It was a finished and scholarly ora-\\ntion. This address was afterward published and widely circulated.\\nNorth Star Lodge has sent forth of its members the nuclei of the\\nfollowing lodges, that owe their origin to the training which their\\ncharter members received in this mother lodge Evening Star\\nLodge, No. ^y of Colebrook; Kane Lodge, No. 64, of Lisbon;\\nBurns Lodge, No. 66, of Littleton; Gorham Lodge, No. 73, of Gor-\\nham White Mountain Lodge, No. 86, of Whitefield Passump-\\nsic Lodge, St. Johnsbury, Vt. Island Pond Lodge, Island Pond, Vt.\\nIts present list of officers are as follows for 1896- 1897: Chester\\nP. Brown, W. M. George B. Underwood, S. W. John C. East-\\nman, J. W. Erastus V. Cobleigh, treasurer; Charles E. Mclntire,\\nsecretary; James R. Flanders, S. S. William L. Rowell, Jr., J. S.\\nD. Eugene Rowell, S. D. Joseph Smith, J. D. Ivan W. Ouimby,\\nmarshal; Nelson Sparks, chaplain; Ephraim C. Roby, tyler;\\nHenry O. Kent, Frank Spooner, finance committee. Number of\\nmembers, 207.\\nThe centennial of this ancient lodge was celebrated with great\\nceremony by the lodge and its offspring above referred to, by a\\npublic Masonic banquet of 414 plates, in the town hall, Monday,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0560.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 489\\nDecember 27, St. John s (Evangelist s) day, 1897, an account of\\nwhich is published in an elaborate illustrated pamphlet.\\nNORTH STAR COMMANDERY, KNIGHTS TEMPLAR.\\nIn 1857, a few Master Masons of North Star Lodge and com-\\npanions of the Royal Arch, desiring the benefits of Christian Ma-\\nsonry, obtained the honors of knighthood at Portland, Me., and\\nManchester. These, with Curtis Cleaveland, an old Sir Knight\\nfrom Burlington, Vt., then residing at Northumberland, sent a peti-\\ntion to Hon. William B. Hubbard, Grand Master Knights Templar\\nin the United States, asking a dispensation to organize a Comman-\\ndery at Lancaster. On May 8, 1857, a dispensation was issued,\\nand on May 1 1 the Sir Knights met and organized North Star Com-\\nmandery, with the following officers: Jared L Williams, eminent\\ncommander; La Fayette Moore, generalissimo; George C.Williams,\\ncaptain-general.\\nImmediately after the organization of the commandery the order\\nof knighthood was conferred on James A. Smith and James D. Fol-\\nsom.\\nAs there was no chapter of Royal Arch Masons in this jurisdic-\\ntion nearer than Concord, consent was obtained of Blazing Star\\nChapter for Haswell Chapter of St. Johnsbury, Vt., to confer the\\nRoyal Arch degrees upon candidates from northern New Hamp-\\nshire. Later, many North Star Masons took the chapter degrees\\nin Franklin Chapter, Lisbon. North Star Commandery continued\\nto work under dispensation until Nov. 24, 1859, when it was\\norganized under a charter from the Grand Encampment of the\\nUnited States, as North Star Commandery, No. 3, of New Hamp-\\nshire. It had then increased in membership from eight to fifteen\\nmembers. The following officers were elected J. I. Williams, emi-\\ninent commander La Fayette Moore, generalissimo George C. Wil-\\nliams, captain-general Henry O. Kent, prelate John W. Barney,\\nsenior warden; David A. Burnside, treasurer; Henry O. Kent, re-\\ncorder; James A. Smith, standard bearer; Curtis Cleaveland, sword\\nbearer; Benjamin F. Hunking, warder; Alex. Thompson and Dan-\\nforth Willey, captains of the guard.\\nThe same ofificers were reelected in i86o- 6i, 62, 6^,.\\nIn i860. North Star Commandery assisted in organizing the\\nGrand Commandery of New Hampshire. The commandery has\\nhad from the first a steady growth, until to-day it numbers 214\\nmembers, with the following list of ofificers\\nSir William Hinkley Thompson, eminent commander Sir\\nThomas C. Beattie, generalissimo Sir Garvin R. Magoon, captain\\ngeneral; Sir Joseph Fames, prelate; Sir George B. Underwood,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0561.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "490 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nsenior warden; Sir Joseph Smith, junior warden; Sir Erastus V.\\nCobleigh, treasurer; Sir Ralph L. Drisko, recorder pro tern; Sii\\nLevi H. Parker, standard bearer; Sir Stetson W. Gushing, sword\\nbearer; Sir Parker J. Noyes, warder; Sir John C. Eastman, Persian\\nguard Sir WilHam M. Heath, second guard Sir Charles L. Dol-\\nloff, first guard Sir Ephraim C. Roby, sentinel Sir Ernest E.\\nSmith, organist; Sir Henry O. Kent, Sir La Fayette Moore,* finance\\ncommittee; past commanders, E. Sir Jared L Williams, R. E. Sir\\nHenry O. Kent, E. Sir Benjamin F. Hunking,* E. Sir Edward R.\\nKent, V. E. Sir Thomas S. Ellis, V. E. Sir Moses A. Hastings, E.\\nSir Thomas S. Underwood, E. Sir Frank Spooner, E. Sir Ivan W.\\nOuimby.\\nNORTH STAR CHAPTER ROYAL ARCH MASONS, NO. 1 6.\\nThis chapter was instituted in Lancaster in 1868. The dispensa-\\ntion signed by Nathaniel W. Cumner, G. H. P., bears the date July\\n8, 1868. Dr. George O. Rogers was the prime mover, and it was\\nmainly through his efforts that the chapter was established. Its\\ncharter was signed by Daniel R. Marshall, G. H. P., June 8, 1869.\\nThe charter members were Geo. O. Rogers, Samuel H. LeGro,\\nEzra B. Bennett, E. V. Cobleigh, J. S. Ockington, H. O. Kent, Ed-\\nward Savage, Philo S. Cherry, Richard Hovey, Edward R. Kent,\\nDaniel C. Pinkham.\\nThe first convocation was held under dispensation of July 8, 1868,\\nin the office of Dr. Rogers, at the corner of Main and Middle\\nstreets, now occupied by Dr. VV. H. Thompson, at which the follow-\\ning companions were present: George O. Rogers, H. P.; Samuel\\nH. LeGro, K. Edward Savage, S. the grand council was named in\\nthe dispensation, and J. S. Ockington, E. R. Kent, H. O. Kent, W.\\nH. N. Prince, D. Thompson, E. V. Cobleigh, P. S. Cherry, and E.\\nB. Bennett were members.\\nAt the first annual convocation held in Masonic hall. May 19,\\n1869, the following officers were elected:\\nEdward Savage, E. H. P.; Samuel H. LeGro, E. K. W. H. N.\\nPrince, E. S. Edward R. Kent, C. H. Chester B. Jordan, P. S.\\nDaniel Thompson, R. A. C. Philo S. Cherry, M. 3d V.; William\\nL. Rowell, M. 2nd V.; Abner Thompson, M. ist V.; Jphn S.\\nOckington, treasurer; Alex. Thompson, secretary; Richard Hovey,\\nt}-ler.\\nThese officers were installed at a special convocation Sept. 22,\\n1869, at which time the chapter was dedicated. This chapter has\\nbeen self-sustaining, and on a sound financial basis, from the first\\nyear of its existence. It owns a one-third interest in Masonic tem-\\n*Deceased.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0562.jp2"}, "563": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 49 1\\npie. It now has a membership of 235, with the following list of\\nofificers for 1896, 97:\\nGeorge B. Underwood, E. H. P.; Parker J. Noyes, K. Fielding\\nSmith, S. Erastus V. Cobleigh, treasurer; Charles E. Mclntire,\\nsecretary; Fred H. Nourse, C. H. Joseph Smith, P. S. Charles R.\\nBailey, R. A. C. Joseph Fames, chaplain Edward A. Wood-\\nward, M. 3rd v.; D. Eugene Rowell, M. 2nd V.; James R. Flan-\\nders, M 1st v.; Charles L. Dolloff, S. S. Ralph Drisko, J. S.\\nEphraim C. Roby, sentinel Edward R. Kent, Ivan W. Quimby,\\nfinance committee.\\nThe companions who have served as high priest are as follows\\nEdward Savage, 1870-1874; Charles A. Cleaveland, 1875-1879,\\nand 1883; Nelson Sparks, 1880-1882; John H. Smith, 1884-1887;\\nIvan W. Quimby, 1887.\\nNORTH STAR LODGE OF PERFECTION A. A. SCOTTISH RITE MASONS.\\nA dispensation to form a lodge of A. A. S. R. M. in Lancaster\\nwas transmitted to 111. Bro. Henry O. Kent, 33\u00c2\u00b0, by 111. Bro. George\\nW. Currier, 33\u00c2\u00b0, deputy for New Hampshire. By the authority thus\\nconferred upon him, Bro. Kent summoned the illustrious brothers of\\nthe 32\u00c2\u00b0, of the A. A. Scottish Rite Masons, to convene at the\\nMasonic temple, Nov. 27, 1894, where he presided, and 111. Bro. S.\\nW. Gushing, 32\u00c2\u00b0, was appointed secretary, with 111. Bro. Moses A.\\nHastings, 32\u00c2\u00b0, as marshal.\\nThe following officers were named in the dispensation\\nIII Bro. Edward R. Kent, 32\u00c2\u00b0, thrice potent grand master; 111.\\nBro. Frank Spooner, 32\u00c2\u00b0, Hiram of Tyre, deputy grand master;\\n111. Bro. Garvin R. Magoon, 32\u00c2\u00b0, venerable senior grand warden 111.\\nBro. Herman E. Oleson, 32\u00c2\u00b0, venerable junior grand warden.\\nThe dispensation was read, and it was decided to proceed to com-\\nplete the full list of officers, which was done by ballot, showing the\\nfollowing persons elected\\n111. Bro. Fred W. Page, 32\u00c2\u00b0, grand orator; 111. Bro. Erastus V.\\nCobleigh, 32\u00c2\u00b0, grand treasurer; 111. Bro. Stetson Ward Gushing,\\n32\u00c2\u00b0, grand secretary; 111. Bro. John M. Wilson, 32\u00c2\u00b0, grand master\\nof ceremonies 111. Bro. John C. Pattee, 32\u00c2\u00b0, grand captain of the\\nguard; 111. Bro. Willie E. Bullard, 32\u00c2\u00b0, grand hospitaller; 111. Bro.\\nLevi H. Parker, 32\u00c2\u00b0, grand tyler.\\nThese officers of North Star Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R\\nwere then proclaimed, and proclamation was made by the authority\\nof the warrant of dispensation that the lodge was created, instituted,\\nand ready for the* transaction of business.\\nThe following named persons were charter members\\nE. R. Kent, F. Spooner, G. R. Magoon, H. E. Oleson, H. O.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0563.jp2"}, "564": {"fulltext": "492 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nKent, W. A. Loyne, A. S. Twitchell, G. Davis, H. A. Graves, W. W.\\nPike, H. W. Hinds, C. H.Thayer, F. W. Page, M. B. Lougee, E. W.\\nEvans, F. W. Noyes, W. C. Perkins, G. E. Hutchins, C. H. Evans,\\nE. V. Cobleigh, S. W. Gushing, J. C. Pattee, J. M. Wilson, G. A.\\nNorton, C. C. O Brion, E. Blood, J. Smith, R. C. Chesman, H. A.\\nMoore, P. S. Terrell, H. B. Gilkey, W. E. Bullard, J. D. Howe,\\nC. O. Whipp, H. B. Hinman, J. R. Perkins, L. B. Whipp, J. S.\\nPhipps, J. B. Noyes, C. A. Cleaveland, M. A. Hastings, V. V. Whit-\\nney, C. O. Stevens, G. A. Lane, F. P. Washburn, W. H. Little, C. W.\\nBrown, M. Perkins, J. C. Hutchins, J. W. Crawshaw, L. H. Parker,\\nF. H. Nourse, 52.\\nThe present number of members is 62. The following are the\\nofificers for 1896\\n111. Bro. Frank Spooner, 32^, T. P. G. M. 111. Bro. Garvin R.\\nMagoon, 33\u00c2\u00b0, H. of T. D. G. M. 111. Bro. John C. Pattee, 32\u00c2\u00b0,\\nV. S. G. W.; 111. Bro. Herbert A. Moore, 32\u00c2\u00b0, V. J. G. W. 111..\\nBro. Fred W. Page, 32\u00c2\u00b0, G. O. Ih. Bro. Erastus V. Cobleigh, 32\u00c2\u00b0,\\nG. Treas. 111. Bro. Stetson W. Gushing, 32\u00c2\u00b0, G. Sec y 111. Bro. Phil-\\nlip S. Tirrell, 32\u00c2\u00b0, G. M. of C.; 111. Bro. Manasah Perkins, 32\u00c2\u00b0, G.\\nC. of G. 111. Bro. Wheelock H. Little, 32\u00c2\u00b0, G. H. 111. Bro. Levi H.\\nParker, 32\u00c2\u00b0, G. T. 111. Bro. Joseph D. Howe, 32\u00c2\u00b0, 111. Bro. Joseph\\nSmith, 32\u00c2\u00b0, finance committee, 62.\\nPersons from Lancaster who have held ofifices in the grand bodies\\nof Masonry, state and national\\nGrand Lodge of New Hampshire. Stephen Wilson, district\\ndeputy grand master, 1823-26 and 1843, 44.\\nJohn Wilson, grand sword bearer, 1824-26, and district deputy\\ngrand master, 1842.\\nWilliam Lovejoy, district deputy grand master, 1827 and 1830.\\nJared W. Williams, district deputy grand master, 1831-39.\\nEliphalet Lyman, district deputy grand master, 1840, 41.\\nJared I. Williams, grand lecturer, i854- 57; district deputy\\ngrand master, 1858, 59; junior grand deacon, i860; senior grand\\ndeacon, 1861.\\nHenry O. Kent, grand lecturer, i860, 61 district deputy grand\\nmaster, 1862, 6 66, 69.\\nGrand Co?nniandery of New Hampshire. Henry O. Kent,\\ngrand sword bearer, i86o- 62; grand junior warden, 1863; grand\\nsenior warden, 1864; grand captain general, 1865-66; generalis-\\nsimo, 1867; grand commander of Knights Templar, 1868\u00e2\u0080\u009469;\\nrepresentative of the Grand Commandery of Vermont since 1870;\\ndeputy of the grand master to constitute North Star Commandery,\\n1859.\\nEdward Savage, grand captain of the guard, 1867, 68.\\nThomas S. Ellis, grand sword bearer, 1875, ]6\\\\ grand junior", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0564.jp2"}, "565": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 493\\nwarden, 1877; grand senior warden, 1878; grand captain general,\\n1879. (Grand lecturer, 1877, jS; district deputy grand master,\\n1879, 80, grand lodge.)\\nEdward R. Kent, grand captain of the guard, 1877; grand war-\\nder, 1878 grand sword bearer, 1879; grand standard bearer, 1880;\\ngrand junior warden, 1881 grand senior warden, 1882-84; grand\\ncaptain general, 1885; grand generalissimo, 1886; deputy\\ngrand commander, 1887; grand commander of the Grand Com-\\nmandery of Knights Templar, 1888; representative of the Grand\\nCommandery of Indiana since 1886.\\nGeorge C. Williams, grand marshal, i860, 61 junior grand\\ndeacon, 1862; grand sword bearer, 1864, 65.\\nGrand Lodge. Benjamin F. Hunking, grand lecturer, 1864-\\n1867; Edward Savage, grand lecturer, 1870-1873; D. D. G. M.,\\n1875-1876; Charles E. Mclntire, grand lecturer, 1885.\\nGrand Commandery. Moses A. Hastings, grand captain of the\\nguard, 1888; grand sword bearer, 1889; grand standard bearer,\\n1890; grand senior warden, 1 89 1 grand captain general, 1892;\\ngrand generalissimo, 1893; deputy grand commander in Grand\\nCommandery Knights Templar, 1894; grand lecturer of the fifth\\nMasonic district in the grand lodge, 1 886-1 887.\\nGrand Chapter. Edward Savage, grand steward, 1870; grand\\nmaster of first veil, 1871 grand master of second veil, 1872;\\nThomas S. Ellis, grand steward, 1879; Thomas C. Beattie, grand\\nsteward, 1894- 1895 I^ ^n W. Ouimby, grand steward, 1889.\\nGrand Co7nmandery Jared I. Williams, grand captain general,\\n1 860- 1 86 1 George C. Williams, grand junior warden, 1862.\\nOLIVE BRANCH CHAPTER OF THE ORDER OF THE EASTERN STAR.\\nThis chapter of adoptive Masonry was instituted in Lancaster, at\\nMasonic hall, March 16, 1870. The ceremonies of instituting the\\nchapter and installing its officers was conducted by Grand Com-\\nmander Forbes. A meeting for that purpose was called at 2 o clock\\nin the afternoon of the above date, and after an address by Com-\\nmander Forbes, the degrees of the Order of the Eastern Star were\\nconferred upon the following named persons: Ann I. Savage, Ruth\\nA. Hovey, Helen Cherry, Martha A. Rowell, Richard Hovey,\\nAbner Thompson, Philo S. Cherry, Ellen E. Cobleigh, Sarah B.\\nCleaveland, Martha J. Thompson, Edward Savage, Erastus V. Cob-\\nleigh, Charles A. Cleaveland, and William L. Rowell.\\nAn election of officers resulted in the choice of the following per-\\nsons Edward Savage, W. P.; Ann I. Savage, W. M. Ellen E.\\nCobleigh, A. M. Martha J. Thompson, treasurer; Helen Cherry,\\nsecretary; Sarah B. Cleaveland, C; Ruth A. Hovey, A. C.\\nAt an adjourned meeting in the evening of the same day Com-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0565.jp2"}, "566": {"fulltext": "494 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nniander Forbes installed these officers, and conferred the degrees\\nupon Mrs. Eudora Smith and Miss Emma Marshall.\\nA code of by-laws, prepared by a committee consisting of Sarah\\nB. Cleaveland, Ann I. Savage, Martha A. Rowell, Edward Savage,\\nand Abner Thompson, were adopted, and with but slight changes\\nare the same that are in force to-day.\\nThe first public installation of officers of the chapter took place\\nJan. 26, 1877. The ceremony was conducted by Frank Peabody,\\nW. P., assisted by Rev. George H. Pinkham of Whitefield, after\\nwhich the assembled company partook of an elaborate banquet, the\\nfirst ever given by the chapter. In January, 1885, the chapter gave\\na public entertainment from the proceeds of which they purchased\\nan organ, and placed it in Masonic hall. The chapter has been a\\npopular and a useful institution in the community. It has enjoyed\\na healthy growth, and now numbers over one hundred members.\\nThe chapter was organized on what is known as a McCoy Char-\\nter, which left every lodge independent of all other lodges. This\\ncharter was given up under the advice of Rev. C. J. Henley, in\\n1888, for a charter issued by the grand chapter of the United States.\\nThis charter was granted to the entire membership of the first lodge,\\nas No. I of the General Grand Chapter of the United States, May\\n12, 1888, with the following charter members: Lucy Spooner, Jo-\\nsephine Bailey, Helen A. Stuart, Persis F. Chase, Luella Peabody,\\nCarrie M. Smith, Abbie L. Roby, H. Alice Peabody, Kate Hatch,\\nAnnie O. Kent, Addie Wilson, Grace Whitcomb.\\nOn May 12, 1891, the Grand Chapter of New Hampshire was or-\\nganized in Lancaster. There were then only seven chapters in New\\nHampshire, six of which represented in the convention for the\\norganization of a grand chapter for the state. Most appropriately\\nOlive Branch Chapter, No. i, was privileged to act as hostess on\\nthat occasion. The Lancaster chapter was honored by the selection\\nof the following of its members as officers in the grand chapter:\\nDr. Frank Spooner, grand patron Luella E. Peabody, grand asso-\\nciate conductor; Helen A. Stewart, grand marshal; Lucy Spooner,\\ngrand Martha.\\nThe officers for 1896 are:\\nEmma F. Roberts, W. M. Washington D. Marshall, W. P.;\\nAddie E. Wilson, A. M. Kate M. Marshall, secretary Sarah E.\\nGriswold, treasurer; Clara A. Roby, C. Gertrude Noyes, A. C.\\nAlice Woodward, W. Mabel C. Thompson, Adah Blanche A.\\nMoore, Ruth; Mary Porter, Esther; Gertrude P. Crawford, Martha;\\nNena H. Edmunds, Electa; Hattie B. Smith, chaplain; Mary N.\\nBrackett, marshal; Nellie B. Kent, organist; E. C. Roby, sentinel.\\nThe past worthy patrons have been Edward Savage, H. H. Por-\\nter, Frank Peabody, Dan Lee Jones, Edward R. Kent, Eugene", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0566.jp2"}, "567": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 495\\nLeavitt, C. J. Henley, Frank Spooner, C. W. Brown, Chester P.\\nBrown, W. H. Thompson, Herbert A. Moore, W. D. Marshall.\\nThe worthy matrons have been Ann I. Savage, Ellen E. Cob-\\nleigh, Eliza M. Spaulding, Emma F. M. Jones, Martha A. Corning,\\nGrace Whitcomb, Hattie Smith, Lucy Spooner, Helen A. Stewart,\\nLuella E. Peabody, Emma F. Roberts.\\nBack in the fifties there was an organization of Adoptive Masonry,\\nembracing wives and daughters of Master Masons. John VV. Bar-\\nney, the presiding officer, was the Helion of the ritual. Henry O.\\nKent, Jared I. Williams, James D. Folsom, La Fayette Moore, B. F.\\nHunking, John S. Ockington, and the active Masons of those days,\\nwith their wives, were members. This society was the precursor of\\nthe existing chapter chronicled above.\\nTHE ODD FELLOWS.\\nIn 1849 a lodge of Odd Fellows was organized here under the\\nname of the White Mountain lodge, chiefly by a number of civil\\nengineers then at work on the line of the Atlantic St. Lawrence\\nRailroad (now the Grand Trunk), which it was hoped would be\\nbuilt through Lancaster. This lodge flourished for a time, but\\nbecame extinct soon after its original promoters left town.\\nOn Sept. 27, 1850, Coos lodge, No. 35, L O. O. F., of Lancaster\\nwas instituted,. in response to a desire on the part of a number of\\nold residents, among whom were the members of the former White\\nMountain lodge. It flourished for a few years, but became defunct\\nin 1856. Until 1874 there was no attempt to resuscitate it. In\\nthat year a few of the surviving members revived the lodge, since\\nwhich time it has had an eventful career, out of which it is emerging\\ninto what promises to be a prosperous future. When the lodge was\\nreinstated in 1874, it began holding its meetings in a hall standing\\nwhere Eagle block now stands. Here it met until the great fire of\\n1878 destroyed its hall. The lodge lost all its properties. With\\ncourage, however, the lodge resumed its meetings in a shed room\\nof the old Lancaster House. Its tarrying was short here, lasting\\nonly from September 9 to September 28, when the Lancaster House\\nwas burned. Another removal brought the lodge to the old engine\\nhouse, on the north bank of Isreals river near Frank Smith Co. s\\nmill, on Middle street. It continued its meetings here until some\\ntime in November, 1878, when it removed to the hall on the third\\nfloor of the Benton block, on Main street. Here the lodge has found\\na home ever since, and during this period of its history it has grown\\nsteadily, so that to-day it is in a flourishing condition.\\nIt is now engaged in erecting a large building on the site of the\\nAllen Smith house, on Main street, near the corner of Main and\\nBunker Hill streets. The building is a brick veneer, and of fine", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0567.jp2"}, "568": {"fulltext": "496 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nappearance. It was begun in May, 1896, and completed for occu-\\npancy Sept. I, 1896. The building operations were conducted by\\na stock company, incorporated under the general laws of the state.\\nThe lodge is at present the largest stockholder, and it is privileged\\nto purchase up the stock as fast as it can do so, in order to become\\nthe owner of the property, which, with its real estate, is valued at\\n$20,000.\\nThe building contains a commodious hall on the third floor for\\nlodge purposes, a dining-room and kitchen, ladies parlor, gentle-\\nmen s parlor, paraphernalia room, regalia room, ladies toilet room,\\ngentlemen s toilet room.\\nThe second floor is occupied by the printing establishment of\\nJ. D. Bridge, editor and publisher of the Coos County Democrat,\\nand other offices. The first floor comprises a single store-room,\\noccupied by the Lane Clothing Co.\\nThe building is heated throughout by steam and lighted by elec-\\ntric lights, and is one of the finest in Lancaster.\\nThe following ofUcers were elected and installed for the term\\nbeginning July i, 1896;\\nFred H. Clough, N. G. C. E. Willoughby, V. G. George N.\\nKent, secretary; George V. Moulton, treasurer; E. A. Woodward,\\nconductor; J. B. Cloudman, warden; George M. Congdon, O. G.\\nThomas Ryan, L G. C. W. Sleeper, R. S. N. G. H. W. Smith,\\nL. S. N. G. Elmer Whitcomb, R. S. V. G. F. W. Grant, L. S. V.\\nG. R. M. Langworthy, R. S. S. Benjamin Benton, L. S. S. W.\\nH. Thompson, chaplain; J. R. Flanders, P. G. J. D. Bridge, J. R.\\nFlanders, representatives to grand lodge; F. H. Clough, C. E. Wil-\\nloughby, George V. Moulton, J. B. Cloudman, D. R. Remick, N.\\nTuttle, George A. Woods, visiting committee; P. J. Noyes, W. H.\\nThompson, Isaac Bartlett, finance committee W. E. Lyon, janitor.\\nPERSEVERANCE REBEKAH LODGE, NO. 56.\\nThis lodge was instituted as an adjunct to Coos lodge, I. O. O. F.,\\non Dec. 15, 1893, with the following ten charter members:\\nMr. and Mrs. J. D. Bridge, Mr. and Mrs F. H. Clough, Mr. and\\nMrs. Isaac Bartlett, Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Nourse, Mr. and Mrs. W S.\\nMatthews. There were forty-four candidates initiated at the first\\nmeeting, on the night of the institution of the lodge.\\nOBJECTS AND PURPOSES.\\nThe objects and purposes of Rebekah lodges are declared to be\\n1 To aid in the establishment and maintenance of homes for aged and indigent\\nOdd Fellows and their wives, or for the widows of deceased Odd Fellows and\\nhomes for the care, education, and support of orphans of deceased Odd Fellows.\\n2. To visit the sick, relieve the distressed, and in every way to assist subordi-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0568.jp2"}, "569": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 497\\nnate and sister Rebekah lodges in kindly ministrations to the families of Odd Fel-\\nlows who are in trouble or want.\\n3. To cultivate and extend the social and fraternal relations of life among lodges\\nand the families of Odd Fellows.\\nThis lodge has been remarkably prosperous from the first, and\\nnow numbers 140 members and ranks high in the state. It has\\nconducted its work in a quiet way, and has not become as well\\nknown as many institutions that have done less good in the com-\\nmunity than it has. Members of the lodge always attend the sick\\nof their numbers, and in many ways care for their members in sick-\\nness and death.\\nThe lodge meets the first and third Friday evenings of each\\nmonth, in Odd Fellows hall.\\nThe present officers are\\nMrs. J. D. Bridge, N. G. Mrs. C. F. Moses, V. G. Mrs. F. H.\\nClough, secretary; Mrs. B. M. Matthews, treasurer; Miss Gertrude\\nNoyes, conductor; Mrs. F. E. Richey, chaplain; Mrs. J. B. Cloud-\\nman, I. G. Miss Kate Spaulding, O. G. Mrs. Isaac Glynn, R. S.\\nN. G. Mrs. George V. Moulton, R. S. V. G. Mrs. Isaac Bartlett,\\nL. S. V. G. Miss Lillian Rosebrook, R. A. S. Mrs. A. E. Avery,\\nL. A. S. Mrs. P. J. Noyes, Mrs. Ada Amadon, Miss Alice Folsom,\\nfinance committee; Mrs. J. D. Bridge, Mrs. C. E. Matthews, Mrs.\\nF. H. Clough, Mrs. B. M. Matthews, Mrs. George Woods, Mrs. A. D.\\nHowe, Miss Susie Mclntire, visiting committee.\\nKNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.\\nA lodge of the order of Knights of Pythias was instituted in Lan-\\ncaster on Sept. 28, 1888. It is known as Pilot lodge, No. 32, Knights\\nof Pythias. The charter members were\\nFred L. Linscott, Amos F. Rowell, F. H. Carlton, E. C. Amey,\\nEverett Fletcher, Charles F. Colby, J. R. Hannaford, Manassah Per-\\nkins, Rollin J. Brown, Joseph Streeter, George H. Beckwith, Harry\\nH. Jones, Frank E. Richey, Holman H. Noyes, Fielding Smith,\\nJoseph B. Cloudman, George E. Stevens, G. B. Underwood.\\nThe lodge has grown rapidly, and at present numbers 103 mem-\\nbers in good standing. It meets on Monday evenings, in its new\\nand desirable apartments in Moore s block, on Middle street, in\\nsome respects the best appointed rooms for fraternal and social pur-\\nposes in town.\\nThe officers for 1 896 were as follows\\nH. B. Amey, C. C. H. DeF. Hilliard, V. C. W. E. Hartford,\\nM. A. Arthur Simonds, Pre. H. H. Noyes, K. of R. S. Robert\\nHadley, I. G. Fred Thomas, O. G. F. L. Linscott, H. H. Jones,\\nR. J. Brown, trustees.\\n32", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0569.jp2"}, "570": {"fulltext": "498 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nTHE CATHOLIC ORDER OF FORESTERS.\\nAll Saints Court, No. 366, of the Catholic Order of Foresters,\\nwas organized in Lancaster, on June 20, 1893, in the old hall over\\nMatthew Monahan s blacksmith shop, with fifteen charter members\\nEdmund Sullivan, James Horan, James A. Monahan, Michael J. Foley,\\nJames M. Monahan, Martin J. Monahan, Timothy McCaffrey, Mar-\\nquis Largy, Edward Gillespie, Michael Purtle, Timothy Long,\\nThomas Heney, Owen McCaffrey, Edward M. Monahan, and\\nThomas McGinley.\\nThe court was organized by Fred N. Blanchard of Island Pond,\\nVt., with the following ofifiicers Edmund Sullivan, chief ranger;\\nJames A. Monahan, recording secretary; Michael J. Foley, finan-\\ncial secretary; James M. Monahan, treasurer; Martin J. Monahan,\\nTimothy McCaffrey, Marquis Largy, trustees Edward Gillespie,\\nsenior conductor; Michael Purtle, junior conductor; Thomas He-\\nney, inside sentinel Timothy Long, outside sentinel Dr. E. F.\\nStockwell, medical examiner.\\nThe first regular meeting was held July 14, 1893. Its regular\\nmeetings are held the second and fourth Friday evenings of every\\nmonth. The next regular meeting was held in Odd Fellows hall,\\nin the Benton block. Since then the court secured the hall over the\\nLancaster National bank, and continues to meet there to the present\\ntime.\\nDuring the short time it has existed, the court has increased from\\nits fifteen charter members to seventy-five at present. Its financial\\ncondition has always been sound, and in every respect it is one of\\nthe prosperous institutions of the town. Its permanence and use-\\nfulness are proven, and give it rank among our fraternal bodies.\\nThe officers for the ensuing year are: C. R., O. F. McCaffrey;\\nV. C. R., P. Fraught; P. C. R., J. Horan; R. S., T. A. Hopkins;\\nF. S., T. McCaffrey; treasurer, P. Noonan J. Smith, M. Brown,\\nJ. A. Monahan, trustees; S. C, O. J. Gormley J. C, P. Rines\\nI. S., M. J. Millette; O. S., R. Powers; chaplain. Rev. Fr. M. J. B.\\nCreamer; medical examiner, E. F. Stockwell; delegate to state\\nconvention, J. Smith; alternate, James Truland.\\nKNIGHTS OF THE MACCABEES OF THE WORLD.\\nDuring the summer of 1896 Mr. F. E. Hand, state commander of\\nthe Knights of the Maccabees for Maine and New Hampshire,\\norganized a tent of that order in Lancaster.\\nThe Knights of the Maccabees is a fraternal beneficiary society,\\nincorporated under the laws of the state of Michigan, June 11, 1881,\\nwith the supreme tent at Port Huron, Mich. Membership Aug.\\nI, 1896, 245,957.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0570.jp2"}, "571": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 499\\nStarr King Tent, No. 3, was instituted in Lancaster, July 22, 1896,\\nwith twenty-five charter members, with the following officers Sir\\nKt. Past Com., Arthur G. Wilson; Sir Kt. Com., Wm. H. Thomp-\\nson; Sir Kt. Lt. Com., C. P. Brown; Sir Kt. R. K., A. H. Sweet-\\nser; Sir Kt. F. K., Jas. Flanders; Sir Kt. Chap., Fred R. Clough\\nSir Kt. Phys., Harry B. Carpenter; Sir Kt. Sergt., C. Welcome\\nBrown Sir Kt. M. at A., Harry Bailey; Sir Kt. ist M. of G., Lewis\\nHosmer; Sir Kt. 2d M. of G., Wm. E. Lyon; Sir Kt. Sen., J. H.\\nMcClintock; Sir Kt. Pic, Wm. R. McClintock.\\nTent meets the fourth Wednesday of the month in the L O. O. F.\\nold hall.\\nTHE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.\\nCol. E. E. Cross Post, No. 16.\\nCol. Edward E. Cross Post, No. 16, Grand Army of the Republic,\\nwas originally organized Jan. 16, 1869, by Daniel J.Vaughn, depart-\\nment commander, and Samuel F. Murray, assistant adjutant-general.\\nThe charter members were Henry O. Kent, Charles P. Denison,\\nHorace G. Fabyan, William L. Rowell, Stephen Emery, Thomas S.\\nEllis, Phineas R. Plodgdon, Hezekiah E. Hadlock, George H. Em-\\nerson, and Charles C. Beaton.\\nThe meetings were holden in the small hall in Kents building.\\nThe books of record are lost and we can only say that after a few\\nyears active existence for some reason the charter was surrendered.\\nThe old charter now hangs in G. A. R. hall.\\nOn Nov. I, 1878, Col. E. E. Cross Post of the G. A. R. was re-\\norganized under a new charter, but of the same name and number\\nas that of the old. The following persons were charter members:\\nWilliam G. Ellis, Solon L. Simonds, H. DeF. Young, E. W.\\nWyman, B. L. Olcott, P. J. Noyes, H. S. Hilhard, Thomas S. Ellis,\\nH. O. Kent, L. H. Parker, Ira E. Woodward, Thomas Sweetser, A.\\nA. Dow, Charles E. Mclntire, Richard Fletcher, Jared L Williams,\\nH. Richardson, G. E. Chandler, E. A. Rhodes, Zeb Twitchell, Geo.\\nH. Emerson, F. H. Perkins, J. M. Morse, J. G. Sutton, R. M. J.\\nGrant, and Geo. W. Morgan.\\nThe first officers elected and installed under the new charter were\\nThos. S. Ellis, commander; P. J. Noyes, S. V. commander; E.\\nA. Rhodes, adjutant; Ira E. Woodward, quartermaster; R. M. J.\\nGrant, chaplain; W. G. Ellis, officer of the day; F. H. Perkins,\\nofficer of the guard; S. L. Simonds, sergeant-major; Geo. E. Chan-\\ndler, quartermaster sergeant.\\nThe new post enjoyed a rapid and healthy growth, and has done\\nmuch good in its work of charity among war veterans and their\\nfamilies, and in every way worthily exemplifying its motto of Era-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0571.jp2"}, "572": {"fulltext": "500 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nternity, Charity, and Loyalty. The post has secured, and by the\\ngenerous aid of the town, maintained the proper observance of\\nMemorial day, strewing the graves of the fallen soldiers with flow-\\ners, and sowing seeds of patriotism in the minds and hearts of\\nyounger generations. This post has brought to Lancaster many\\nable and patriotic speakers on the returning anniversary when this\\nmost tender and kindly recognition of services of the soldier to his\\ncountry is made. Through its efforts the flag now floats over all\\nthe schoolhouses in town during the sessions of school. Already\\nthis important work has taken a new hold upon the generation\\nsoon to be entrusted with the affairs of the town, state, and nation.\\nThe children of the public schools, last spring, on finding their flag\\nbadly decayed, did not wait the move of others, but by the cooper-\\nation of their teachers issued stock in shares of ten cents each and\\npurchased their own new flag with the proceeds. The children have\\nthus been taught to love their country s flag. On the last Memorial\\nday they marched to the cemetery and participated in the decora-\\ntion of the soldier s graves.\\nCol. E. E. Cross Post of G. A. R. has been actuated wholly by\\nunselfish and patriotic motives. Its influence has been of the very\\nbest, and the community regards it as one of the most important in-\\nstitutions it is blessed with.\\nThis post now has about 150 members, and is entitled to four\\ndelegates to the state encampment. Its rank is a high one in this\\ndepartment of the G. A. R. The whole number mustered into its\\nranks are about 200 of which it has lost by death and demits from\\nits rolls about fifty, leaving at present a membership of 150.\\nThe ofUcers of the post at present are\\nP. J. Noyes, commander; Nathaniel M. Davenport, S. V. com-\\nmander; Charles Forbes, J. V. commander; H. DeForest Young,\\nadjutant; Daniel T. Timberlake, quartermaster; George H. Emer-\\nson, chaplain Charles Couture, officer of the day John G. Derby,\\nofficer of the guard; Levi H. Parker, sergeant major; Joseph B.\\nCloudman, quartermaster sergeant Ezra Mitchell, surgeon.\\nThe commanders have been, under the first charter, Charles P.\\nDenison, Plezekiah E. Hadlock.\\nUnder the new charter, Thomas S. Ellis, Henry O. Kent, Levi\\nH. Parker, Jared I. Williams, Parker J. Noyes, Thomas Sweetser,\\nSamuel L. Wellington, Henry S. Hilliard, Wm. W. Hendricks,\\nCharles E. Mclntire, D. T. Timberlake, Geo. H. Emerson, Reuben\\nF. Carter, James S. Brackett, Nathaniel M. Davenport.\\nSome commanders above named have been reelected out of\\nchronological order.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0572.jp2"}, "573": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 5OI\\nTHE woman s RELIEF CORPS.\\nAmong the secret and fraternal organizations in Lancaster none\\nhas a stronger hold on the people than Edward E. Cross Woman s\\nRelief Corps, No. 39.\\nWe give its history in the words of Mrs. Clara I. Noyes, one of\\nits charter members, and an of^cer, or member of some of its com-\\nmittees, during the ten years of its existence.\\nA preliminary meeting was called at the Lancaster House at 2\\no clock in the afternoon of Sept. 21, 1886, for the purpose of elect-\\ning officers for the Woman s Relief Corps. The meeting was called\\nto order by Mrs. Addie S. Hughes of Ashland. Mrs. Bernice A.\\nKent was elected president for the afternoon, Persis F. Chase, secre-\\ntary. Clara L Noyes and Sarah W, Brown were appointed as tell-\\ners to count the votes. Ofiticers elected were\\nMrs. Persis F. Chase, president; Mrs. Clara L Noyes, senior vice\\npresident; Mrs. Sarah W. Brown, junior vice president; May M.\\nWyman, secretary; Mrs. Emma H. Sweetser, treasurer; Mrs. Ber-\\nnice A. Kent, chaplain; Carrie M. Smith, conductor; Mrs. Ella\\nCarter, guard; Mrs. Josephine A. Bailey, assistant conductor; Mrs.\\nEmeline J. Cram, assistant guard.\\nThis meeting was adjourned to meet at Odd Fellows hall at 7\\no clock in the evening, where a public installation was held, Mrs.\\nAddie S. Hughes, department inspector, acting as instituting and\\ninstalling officer. There were twenty-one charter members who\\nsigned their names to these rules and regulations\\nWe, the subscribers, members of Edward E. Cross Relief Corps, No. 39, of\\nLancaster, Coos county, Department of New Hampshire, Woman s Relief Corps,\\nAuxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, do hereby subscribe to the rules\\nand regulations for the government of the Woman s Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the\\nGrand Army of the Republic, as revised by the National Convention, Denver,\\nCol., July 25th and 26th, 1883, and to any revisions or alterations that may here-\\nafter be legally adopted in accordance with the provisions of the present rules and\\nregulations also to such rules and regulations or by-laws, as have been or may\\nhereafter be legally adopted by Edward E. Cross Corps, No. 39, of Lancaster,\\nDepartment of New Hampshire Woman s Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand\\nArmy of the Republic, for their government.\\nFor each year these are the following committees appointed\\nExecutive Committee who are to plan and carry out everything\\nin the way of entertainments for the purpose of raising money to\\ncarry on the good work and arrange everything for Memorial Day.\\nFinance or Auditing Committee to approve all bills presented\\nand audit the books of the secretary and treasurer. Relief Com-\\nmittee, to look after th e sick and needy, the chairman to report at\\nevery regular meeting any one who may be sick or in trouble.\\nThere are other minor committees appointed for any wants that may", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0573.jp2"}, "574": {"fulltext": "502 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ncome before the corps. We have initiated 103 members, but at\\nthe present time we have only sixty members in good standing. Six\\nhave died and many have gone to Hve in other towns or states, and\\nfor various reasons have been granted an honorable discharge.\\nIn the nearly ten years the corps has been organized we have\\nhelped many families^ and every member who has been sick or had\\nsickness in her family has received many courtesies and delica-\\ncies. The corps has a general fund and a relief fund. The relief\\nfund is to be used only for soldiers or their families, the general\\nfund for whatever purposes may be deemed necessary. We have\\nexpended for relief from the relief and general funds $260.67,\\nprobably $100.00 would not more than cover the amount we have\\ngiven in clothing and food. Corps 39 has been very generous in\\nhelping to furnish the Soldiers Home at Tilton, and also the new\\nhospital, a part of the same, which was built in 1895. 1895 a\\ncommittee of three or more were appointed from each corps in the\\nstate to introduce the flag salute in our schools. Through the influ-\\nence of the committee of Corps 39, nine schools in Lancaster are\\nusing the salute. The corps has furnished two flags. This commit-\\ntee also succeeded in introducing the salute in two schools in Nor-\\nthumberland.\\nOur motto is Fraternity, Charity, and Loyalty, the broad foun-\\ndation on which to-day stands the Grand Army of the Republic.\\nThe ofificers of the present year are\\nMrs. Addie E.Wilson, president; Mrs. Abbie S. Call, senior vice-\\npresident Mrs. Ella F. Hall, junior vice-president; Nettie McKel-\\nlips, secretary; Mrs. Susan Folsom, treasurer; Mrs. Elizabeth S.\\nPierce, chaplain; Etta L Baker, conductor; Jennie Phillips, guard;\\nMrs. Mary Hartley, assistant conductor; Addie P. Forbes, assistant\\nguard.\\nThe corps holds its meetings the second and fourth Saturday even-\\nings of each month.\\nTHE \\\\Y0MAN S christian TEMPERANCE UNION.\\nThere was a meeting of a number of women held at the residence\\nof George E. Carbee, on Sept. i, 1888, for the purpose of organizing\\na Woman s Christian Temperance Union. After some discussion of\\nthe subject, it was voted to organize such a society, which was done,\\nwith the following list of ofificers\\nMrs. W. S. Ladd, president; Mrs. W. A. Folsom, corresponding\\nsecretary; Mrs. M. J. Hartford, recording secretary; Mrs. S. A.\\nBrown, treasurer; Mrs. W. D. Marshall, Mrs. F. D. Hutchins, Mrs.\\nPersis F. Chase, Mrs. Mary H. Williams, vice-presidents; Mrs. Frank\\nSpooner, Mrs. C. E. Allen, and the vice-presidents, visiting com-\\nmittee.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0574.jp2"}, "575": {"fulltext": "FRATERNAL SOCIETIES OF LANCASTER. 503\\nThis organization has done much for temperance. It has not\\nonly agitated the temperance question with respect to reforms, but\\nhas helped to correct intemperance in many ways. It has sent\\nseveral intemperate men to the Keeley Institute for treatment. It\\nhas taken care of the families of others while at the various Gold\\nCure establishments, and in various ways has administered much\\ncharity to the unfortunate. It has organized and carried to success\\nthe reading-room movement, which is now one of the permanent\\ninstitutions of the town supported by public funds. It has dis-\\ntributed literature to the prisoners in the county jail and to inmates\\nof the county almshouse, and to the lumbermen in the camps dur-\\ning the long, dreary winters. For a number of years these earnest\\nwomen have been serving warm dinners at town-meeting and the\\nfall elections, in the town hall.\\nOTHER TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES.\\nLancaster has at no time been exceptional to other New England\\ntowns. The drinking habits of the early colonists, characteristic of the\\nAnglo-Saxon race, were planted here in the life of the earliest set-\\ntlers. Rum was regarded as indispensable to health, comfort, and\\nsociability. Everybody drank in the early days, until habits of in-\\ntemperance were formed in the lives of the second or third genera-\\ntions, who, having more ease and means, sought excitement in the\\nconvivial customs of their day. Within a generation from the found-\\ning of the town it had its confirmed inebriates, and at no time since\\nthen has the community been free from that class of unfortunates.\\nAs early as 1825 the Masons passed a vote prohibiting the use of\\nliquors in the lodge, which was an arraignment of the intemperate\\nhabits of the community. It was not until ten years later that the\\nchurches took a very active stand against the drink habit. There was\\nno public agitation of the question until that great tidal wave of ex-\\ncitement accompanying the Washingtonian movement. In due time\\nLancaster had a Washingtonian society organized, and here, as else-\\nwhere, it had its course, giving way to other organizations after a time.\\nThe next temperance organization in town was the Sons of Tem-\\nperance. This organization flourished for a time, and after a lapse\\nof some few years a lodge of Good Templars was organized in the\\nroom over R. P. Kent s store, on Main street, Dec. 4, 1865, by par-\\nties from Littleton. These, no doubt, did much to foster temper-\\nance sentiment among their members, but their influence was neces-\\nsarily limited by the secrecy surrounding their actions.\\nAbout 1880 the Temperance Union was formed. Its aim was to\\nunite all the churches and the religious sentiment of the community\\nagainst the evils of intemperance and the liquor traffic. Its meetings\\nwere held on the third Sunday evening of every month, and usually", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0575.jp2"}, "576": {"fulltext": "504 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthere was given an address on some phase of the temperance ques-\\ntion.\\nIn 1895 this society was disbanded and an auxiHary branch of\\nthe New Hampshire Law and Order League formed in its place.\\nThis latter movement is the outgrowth of changes in public senti-\\nment on the temperance question. No longer is intemperance\\nregarded as an evil to be remedied by moral and religious senti-\\nmental agitations, but a sociological question that must be regulated\\nby law. Intemperance is now regarded by all intelligent persons as\\na disease, and a propagation of a diseased condition of life is com-\\ning to be looked upon as a violation of all social order.\\nThe drinking habit in Lancaster is restricted, and tippling is\\nregarded with contempt by the intelligent and respectable people\\nof the town. Gradually more sensible views on the question be-\\ncame entrenched behind a body of intelligent social customs, and\\nthe habits of the people are improving with respect to temperance.\\nThe R. S. C. club was a secret organization, with a weird ini-\\ntiation and ritual, composed of the choice spirits of the day in the\\nlate 40 s, and held its meetings in the hall over Adams s blacksmith\\nshop. Its initials, R. S. C, stood in some occult way for Ros-\\ncicrucian, the delvers in ancient magic perhaps, as Bailey Al-\\ndrich s Rivermouth Centipedes, were so named from having a\\ncent-a-ptece. O. G. Stephenson, Edward Wilson, Edward E. Cross,\\nB. F. Hunking, and others now departed from town or from life,\\nwere of the elect, and some staid citizens now residents, could recall\\nthe work of those years.\\nMOUNT PROSPECT GRANGE, NO. 24I.\\nMount Prospect Grange, No. 241, was organized March 13, 1896,\\nby State Deputy T. H. White, assisted by Deputy Gilbert A. Mar-\\nshall, of Lancaster Grange. It starts out with the largest list of\\ncharter members in the United States. The first meeting was at\\nEagle hall, and at 8 p. m. a goodly company was present to wel-\\ncome the visiting officials, and Messrs. J. D. Howe and C. E. King,\\nwho had labored earnestly for the success of the farmers cause in\\nLancaster.\\nDeputy White called the members to order in a happy speech, in\\nwhich he told of the work of the grange, its mission, and then ex-\\nplained the secret work in four degrees. J. D. Howe reported ninety\\ncharter members, and the election of officers was called for by the\\ndeputy, with the following result\\nC. E. King, worthy master; Chas. A. Howe, overseer; B. C.\\nMorse, lecturer J. S. Peavey, steward Fred Holton, assistant stew-\\nard Ira G. Noyes, chaplain; J. E. Mclntire, treasurer; J. W.\\nFlanders, secretary; J. S. Woodward, gate keeper; Miss Mary", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0576.jp2"}, "577": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 505\\nBatchelder, Pomona; Mrs. Florence Morse, Flora; Mrs. Irving Mc-\\nIntire, Ceres; Miss Lilla Hartshorn, lady assistant steward.\\nAfter the officers were chosen they were installed by Mr. White,\\nand conducted to their chairs by Mr. Gilbert A. Marshall, and the\\ngrange turned over to the worthy master, C. E. King. In Deputy\\nWhite s closing remarks he spoke of this grange being the largest\\nhe had ever organized, and predicted a large degree of success for it\\nin the future.\\nFollowing is a list of the charter members: C. E. King, Irving\\nMclntire, Geo. H. Johnson, H. F. Richardson, E. L. Morse, Alfred\\nE. Remick, W. G. Baker, J. D. Bridge, Mrs. J. S. Peavey, I. W.\\nHopkinson, Selden C. Howe, Ira G. Noyes, Geo. H. Stalbird, W. H.\\nHartley, J. W. Flanders, T. T. Baker, D. W. Batchelder, Mary E.\\nBatchelder, Nellie A. Woodward, C. A. Howe, W. C. Hodgdon,\\nC. W. Evans, J. S. Peavey, Annie Abbott, B. C. Morse, Mary M.\\nClough, Mrs. M. E. Stowell, F. C. Grant, Alma P. Hilliard, H. S.\\nWebb, Mrs. O. J. Morse, Mrs. A. M. Beattie, C. W. Brown, Albert\\nChase, Payson E. Fernald, Geo. S. Stockwell, Elden Farnham, A. B.\\nSleeper, H. Adams, B. S. Adams, Mrs. W. A. Thompson, Mrs.\\nJ. E. Deering, Pearl Cummings, Geo. H. Morse, Mrs. L. R. Hosmer,\\nMrs. C. E. King, Mrs. Irving Mclntire, Mrs. Geo. H. Johnson, Mrs.\\nH. F. Richardson, Mrs. E. L. Morse, Mrs. Alfred E. Remick, Mrs.\\nW. G. Baker, Mrs. J. D. Bridge, Ida M. Peavey, Mrs. I. W. Hop-\\nkinson, Mrs. Seldon C. Howe, Jennie M. Noyes, Fred Holton, Mrs.\\nW. H. Hartley, Mrs. J. W. Flanders, Mrs. T. T. Baker, Annie J.\\nHodgdon, Ed A. Woodward, J. S. Woodward, Lilla Hartshorn, J. E.\\nMclntire, Etta A. Evans, Irving D. Hodgdon, Louisa T. Rosebrook,\\nE. B. Morse, M. E. Stowell, Mrs. C. A. Howe, H. S. Hilliard,\\nEmily T. Hilliard, J. H. Morse, A. M. Beattie, Geo. S. Peavey,\\nMrs. Mary E. Brown, E, P. Corrigan, Mrs. Mary Fernald, Mrs. Geo.\\nS. Stockwell, Mary Farnham, Mrs. Ellen M. Sleeper, Mrs. H. P.\\nAdams, W. A. Thompson, J. E. Deering, M. B. Evans, Mrs. W. C.\\nHodgdon, L. R. Hosmer, Mrs. H. S. Webb.\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nThe old Meeting-house The Jails The Court- houses The Hotels\\nThe old Red Gun House, and the State Arsenal The Public\\nLibrary.\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nProminent in the history of Lancaster have been its early public\\nbuildings and among them none has enjoyed so much promi-\\nnence as the old meeting-house, the first church building in the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0577.jp2"}, "578": {"fulltext": "S06 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nProvince of New Hampshire north of Haverhill. For many years the\\nearly settlers, though religious in profession and reared under Puri-\\ntan influences, got along without a meeting-house. We find by\\nconsulting the town records that preaching was sustained for a\\nnumber of years prior to the building of a church building, or the\\norganization of the Old First Church Society. In 1791, steps were\\ntaken looking to the erection of a meeting-house, which culmi-\\nnated in the building of a spacious structure on a scale that was\\nindicative of the character of the pioneers. They attached great\\nimportance to the community they had founded, and made large\\nsacrifices to uphold and perpetuate it. When it came to building\\na meeting house they laid out one large enough for a community\\nmuch larger than Lancaster has yet become. After the growth of\\na century the old structure still holds the largest popular assem-\\nblages of the town with room to spare.\\nThe old meeting-house was erected on a common known as\\nMeeting-House Hill, now known as Soldiers Park, purchased by the\\ntown, and consisting of six acres, six town lots. Most of the land\\nhas been suffered to be lost to the town through carlessness on the\\npart of the people, due no doubt to the diversion of interest in the\\nold church, with the growth of other churches at later times.\\nThe land on which the building stood was level from the crest, and\\npreserved a clear outline on the same level from Pleasant and Cot-\\ntage streets. The building faced south, and stood square with the\\npoints of the compass. The western end was about six rods east\\nof John M. Whipple s line; and the north side about on a line with\\nthe south side of Cottage street. The meeting-house was reached\\nfrom the north by a road cut into the side of Sand hill, which was\\nvery narrow and steep and by three flights of steps from the north-\\nwest, one above another, each flight consisting of .some twelve steps.\\nThe landing at the foot of the hill was about where the southeasterly\\ncorner of the Boswell house now stands.\\nThe building, in outline, as it then stood, is still preserved in the\\nfirst and second stories of Music, or Town hall, as many call it. As\\nit stood on the common there were two porches containing stairways\\nto the galleries that run around the entire building, except about\\none third of the north side where the pulpit stood, they would seat\\nbetween four and five hundred people on their three rows of seats\\nraised one above another. The stairway on the west end of the\\nbuilding continued up into the belfry and spire to a height greater\\nthan anything in this region. All the seats were so arranged that\\nthey could be seen from the pulpit. The front row of seats were\\nknown as the singers seats, and would accommodate about fifty\\npersons.\\nThe body of the house was entered by doors from each porch,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0578.jp2"}, "579": {"fulltext": "Old Meeting-house. Built 1794.\\nRemodeled and Enlarged into Present Masonic Temple.\\nMasonic Temple and Town Hall, 1889.\\nFront of Two Lower Stories being the Meeting-house of 1794.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0579.jp2"}, "580": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0580.jp2"}, "581": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 507\\nand a double door on the south side directly opposite the pulpit.\\nThe broad aisle extended from this door to the pulpit, which was\\nbuilt with considerable taste, and was reached by a flight of steps\\nIt was so high that a view of the galleries could be had from it, as\\nwell as of the body of the house. There was a row of pews all\\naround the body of the house, under the galleries, except as it was\\ncut through by the doors, and the space of the pulpit on the north\\nside. The broad aisle divided the house into two equal parts, and\\naisles divided the wall pews from the body pews, of which last\\nthere were two tiers on each side of the broad aisle. The wall\\npews were raised two steps above the floor of the aisles. The pews\\nwere oblong in shape, finished and divided by paneling two and\\na half or three feet, surmounted by a slight balustrade and cap, so\\nthat a boy seven or eight years old could sit in one of the wall pews\\nand look through and study the house and its occupants. Board\\nseats extended across the back sides and both ends of the wall\\npews, and across one side and one end of the body pews. There\\nwas no upholstering whatever. All the seats, except the wall seats,\\nwere hung by means of loose iron hinges so as to admit being\\nturned up when the congregation stood for prayers. The din and\\nnoise of rising and turning up the seats, and turning them down\\nagain in sitting down, can be better imagined than described. Many\\nseemed to vie with one another to see who could make the most\\nnoise in manipulating the seats.\\nOver the pulpit hung the sounding-board, resembling an inverted\\ntunnel five feet across. It was suspended from the ceiling by an\\niron rod, and hung directly over the head of the minister. Doubt-\\nless the mind of many a boy, at times, wandered from the preach-\\ner s theme to conjecture the possible results of that rod breaking\\nand dropping the sounding-board upon the head of the minister.\\nThe deacon s seats were directly in front of the pulpit, and in\\nfact below where the minister stood, facing the audience. In front\\nof the deacon s seat stood a broad-leafed table, on which the com-\\nmunion service was set on stated occasions. This table was sus-\\ntained by iron braces and was let down when not in use. On the\\npulpit and the deacon s seats was the only attempt at painting about\\nthe house. These were covered with a slight coating of lead color.\\nAs to means of warming the house in winter, there was not even an\\nattempt, until the house had been in use more than twenty-five\\nyears, when a stove was set up directly in front of the pulpit in\\nthe broad aisle. So far as it affected the temperature of the im-\\nmense building it might as well have been set out on the common.\\nHow ever the worshipers kept from freezing in that cold house in\\ndead of winter is a mystery we will not attempt to solve. However,\\nthe women dressed in heavy flannels, and wore heavy knitted socks", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0581.jp2"}, "582": {"fulltext": "508 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nover their shoes, and every thoughtful matron, when she entered the\\nchurch, was followed by a boy carrying her foot-stove, a tastily made\\nwooden frame with a bail, inside of which was a tin or sheet-iron\\nlining, about eight inches square, perforated on top. In this stove\\nwas a sheet-iron pan holding a quart or more of burning coals. The\\nmatron seated, the boy placed the stove under her feet, which she\\nwould pass to her daughters as occasion demanded. But the men\\nand the boys I fancy that their gallantry and the lack of enough\\ncoals to burn through a Puritan service of more than an hour in\\nlength, left them with cold feet. Be that as it may, the old meeting-\\nhouse had a hold on the inhabitants of the town that no modern one\\nhas ever enjoyed.\\nIn front of the house, and a little distance from it, were two\\nhorse blocks, which were cut from immense pine logs, of the\\nrequisite height, with two steps in each, to enable the ladies to\\nmount and dismount their steeds, for many of them were accus-\\ntomed for many years after the early occupancy of the meeting-\\nhouse to ride on horseback. Many of the young women were\\nadepts in that manner of riding. Not a few of the more sprightly\\ngirls would disdain the horse block and mount from the ground by\\nplacing their hands on the necks of the horses and springing into\\nthe saddle. Tradition says that Lucy Howe, who married Ethan A.\\nCrawford, and Betsey Stanley, who married James B. Weeks, were\\naccustomed to mount their horses in that manner. The latter is\\nremembered by a few who still survive as an excellent rider even in\\nadvanced age.\\nExcepting the stately and aristocratic chaise, of which Parson\\nWillard owned the first in town, carriages were not in use in Lan-\\ncaster until about 1820; and those who did not own a chaise had\\nto ride on horseback or travel on foot. A walk of two or three\\nmiles for the boys and girls of that day was thought to be only a\\nrefreshing exercise. The girls usually exchanged, by the roadside,\\ntheir heavy walking shoes for their thin morocco ones, that would\\nshow their feet to better advantage, before reaching the church.\\nThe elderly people usually came to church on horseback, some with\\na child riding behind them but those who could afford a chaise,\\nand there were many, neither walked nor rode horseback, no matter\\nhow near the church they might live, or how they got about town\\non week days. On Sunday morning the chaise was hitched up, and\\nthe mistress of the house with her children, rode to meeting in what\\nwas considered becoming style. And it is said by one who still\\nremembers those scenes, that it would do any one of to-day good to\\nsee the grace and dignity with which madame would alight from\\nher chaise, while one of her boys, or a man who had preceded her\\non foot or horseback, took her horse and chaise away and cared for", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0582.jp2"}, "583": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 509\\nthem while she entered the house and took her seat in her pew. In\\nfact, the whole congregation seemed to enter the church with a pe-\\nculiarly reverential awe that can hardly be understood by the people\\nof the present generation.\\nTHE CONGREGATION.\\nThe congregation that assembled in that ancient place of worship\\nwas one of uncommon character; and we borrow the following des-\\ncription of it from the pen of Judge James W. Weeks, who remem-\\nbers the old church and the congregation since before 1820, as he\\nwas born in 181 1, and is of almost unimpaired faculties at the pres-\\nent writing. He says\\nI occupied, with my parents, the first wall pew west of the front door, and\\nusually sat in the corner next the broad aisle and the lesser aisle west, so I was\\nable to look through between the banisters and study the house, the whole of\\nwhich was exposed to my view except small and unimportant sections. Directly\\nin front of me, in the first body pew on the left, sat Deacon Farrar, his wife, and\\nMiss Abbie Bergin, who usually dressed in white, and attracted the attention of\\nboys by the deliberate manner in which she entered the pew and took her seat.\\nThe deacon was a dark complexioned, dyspeptic little man, with his thin black\\nhair combed up to the top of his head to cover his baldness. In the second wall\\npew on the left sat .Mrs. John Moore and her son William, who carried his head a\\nlittle to one side. His first wife I do not remember seeing at church but his\\nsecond wife (Mary Sampson) soon made her appearance, full of life, bright and\\nhandsome as any of her daughters. In the first wall pew on the right of the door\\nfrom the west porch, sat Captain Stephenson, his son Turner, and his daughter\\nEliza. The captain was an old man, quite bald and stooping. Richard Eastman\\nand family occupied the body pew directly in front of the west door. David\\nBurnside, fresh and ruddy, with blue coat and bright buttons, showed him-\\nself with his wife in the second wall pew on the left of the west door. Thomas\\nCarlisle, also wearing bright metal buttons, with his dressy wife, occupied the next\\nwall pew adjoining Burnside s. The minister s pew was the first one next to the\\nwall west of the pulpit. Mrs. Everett, a handsome widow, with her daughters,\\noccupied about the fourth body pew on the right of the broad aisle. Mrs. Board-\\nman occupied the next pew adjoining toward the pulpit.\\nThat congregation is arrayed before me as if it were but yesterday that I saw\\nit last. A little later, perhaps 1822, Jared W. Williams from Connecticut, with\\nhis wife, appeared in the old church. Royal Joyslin also returned from Bath.\\nHe was straight and handsome as a man is ever likely to be. Soon an exceed-\\ningly pretty lady, Julia Barnard, changed her seat, and was seen sitting in church\\nwith Mr. Joyslin. Nothing attracted my boyish attention more than the different\\nmanner in which the people stood during prayers. The women usually stood\\nerect, with their heads on the railing of the pews. Some fidgetv men and wo-\\nmen were constantly changing their position. There was Major Weeks, tall and\\nstately, six feet and two inches in his stockings, standing like a post, perfectly\\nerect, with arms folded and eyes cast upon the floor a few feet in front of him as\\nif on parade, never moving a muscle, however long the service might be. Deacon\\nFarrar and a few others, leaned over the tops of their pews.\\nThere was one thing that troubled my boyish mind! I could not see the sing-\\ners. All I could see were several men and women come into the gallery from tlie", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0583.jp2"}, "584": {"fulltext": "5IO HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\neast porch, and at the close of the service, as the congregation passed out, Will-\\niam Lovejoy, with strong and sonorous voice, would announce marriages intended,\\nand the like. This seemed a part of the service. After a time I got a seat in\\nthe gallery, when my curiosity was gratified. The singers were twelve or fifteen\\npowerful men, and perhaps as many ladies. What the music lacked in culture\\nand taste it made up in power and such strains of melody as went up to the Great\\nMajesty on high were neither faint nor to be misunderstood.\\nNo choir seems blessed with perpetual peace. This one was no exception to\\nthat rule, for one morning in the days of Orange Scott, Francis Bingham ap-\\npeared in the singers seats with a bass viol. The hymn was started, and the\\nstrings of the viol vibrated. That caused the ancient chorister to stop; and ad-\\ndressing the fancied offender, said, Mr. Bingham, you must put away that fiddle.\\nWe can t sing. The fiddle, however, held its own on that and many succeed-\\ning Sundays, and was soon joined by the tones of a flute in the hands of O. W.\\nBaker, and a clarinet played by Walter Sherman.\\nAt the close of the services the Doxology was usually sung to the tune of\\nOld Hundred. The benediction followed, when the congregation left as rever-\\nently as it had assembled.\\nSuch, reader, was the first church of Lancaster, from a hundred\\nyears ago down to within the recollection of men and women still\\nliving and what the influence of such men and institutions have\\nhad in shaping the destiny of our civilization can scarcely be con-\\njectured. One thing is certain: the reverential influence of the\\nscenes here described by Judge Weeks, show themselves in the lives\\nof the men and women of those days who still linger with us, in a\\nmanner that should cause the younger people to carefully consider\\nthem as worthy of much thoughtful respect and imitation.\\nTHE JAH.S OF LANCASTER.\\nThe Old yail. The first prison in Lancaster consisted of a\\nroom in the Wilson tavern at the north end of Main street where\\nthe first court sessions were held in the hall of that building, 1804-\\n1806. For two years that prison room was kept by Judge Will-\\niam Lovejoy, who along with many other distinctions adds that\\nof being the first jailor of the county. In 1806, when the first\\ncourt-house was erected there was a jail in course of construction\\nalso. Both buildings were erected on lands given for their res-\\npective purposes by Artemas Wilder, who owned a large tract of\\nland at the north end of Main street. This jail was a wooden\\nstructure, two stories high, with a residence for the jailor s family.\\nIt had an upper and lower room for prisoners. That portion of\\nthe building was constructed of hewn elm logs eighteen inches\\nsquare bolted together with iron bolts, its heavy wooden doors se-\\ncured by padlocks. Isaac Derby, Squire Derby as he was\\ncalled, hewed the elm logs for this old jail. He was a soldier in\\nthe Revolutionary war, and the War of 18 12. He tended the old\\nWilder mill for many years.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0584.jp2"}, "585": {"fulltext": "Original Court-house.\\nNow Public Library.\\n(Originally with flat roof, without porch or tower.)\\n-i- rr t y\\nf\\nBrick Court-house, i 835-1 868.\\nFrom Old County Map.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0585.jp2"}, "586": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0586.jp2"}, "587": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 5 I I\\nThis building stood on the same lot where the present jail now stands\\nonly a little to the east of the present one. It was built on con-\\ntract by Colonel Chessman and Nathaniel White.\\nThe old building was the scene of many struggles between its\\nkeepers and the vicious border rufhans, murderers, counterfeit-\\ners and smugglers confined within its massive walls. Great iron\\nrings and chains were fastened to its floors to which many of the\\nmore violent criminals had to be fastened. For fifty-two years it\\nserved the end for which it had been erected. In the early morning\\nof January 9, 1858, it was discovered to be on fire, having taken\\nfire from a defective adjustment of a stovepipe. Among the early\\nand more prominent jailors were Colonel Dennison and George W.\\nIngerson. The latter was jailor at the time of the burning of the\\nOld Elm Jail. The next jail was a stone structure since replaced\\nby a modern jail of steel cells and outside corridors, encased in\\nwooden walls.\\nTHE COURT-HOUSES.\\nFor two years after Coos county was organized, and Lancaster\\nwas set apart as a shire town, the courts were held in a hall in Col.\\nJohn Wilson s tavern, a large wooden building standing about where\\nthe Benton residence now stands, and later moved out and up the\\nstreet, as a tenement. The same hall served for a while as a lodge\\nroom for the Masons, and as a place of assemblage for various pur-\\nposes for many years.\\nThe first court-house was built in 1806, on land given for that\\npurpose by Artemas Wilder, on the corner of Main and Bridge\\nstreets. The building is still standing, and used as a public library\\nbuilding on the south side of Centennial park. It was a square\\nwooden building, one story, and of but one room. This was the\\ncourt room, the juries retiring for their deliberations to a room in\\nWilson s hotel, where the courts had formerly been held. The\\nroom was heated by a sort of furnace consisting of a brick arch\\nover the top of which was an inverted potash kettle, with a hole\\nthrough the bottom, to which a pipe was attached to carry off the\\nsmoke. For many years that heater did splendid service. The\\nroom could be heated so easily that for many years funerals were\\nheld there during winter months, as the old meeting-house was\\nlarge and not provided with means of heating. After 1829 Lancas-\\nter academy was conducted in the same room, so that men were\\neducated there, received justice meted out there by jurists of sterling\\nintegrity, and eulogized there and commended to the favor and\\nmercy of the courts of heaven, all in the same room. It was neces-\\nsarily a utilitarian age in which men were forced to study how to\\nget the most out of their opportunities and they solved the prob-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0587.jp2"}, "588": {"fulltext": "512 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nlem well, for meeting-houses were places not only for religious and\\nSunday assemblages, but there their business meetings took place.\\nAfter a time a bell that was brought into the country by Jacob\\nSmith, known as Guinea Smith, which he used for a while at a\\nfactory, was procured for the court-house by Jared W. Williams,\\nsecretary of Lancaster academy, for the joint use of courts and\\nacademy. It was mounted on a tripod of poles in front of the\\nbuilding. This same bell, as near as can now be ascertained, the\\nfirst one brought into the Coos country, is now mounted in the\\ntower of the graded school building, having been contributed by\\nJared I. Williams for that purpose. Mr. Williams came into pos-\\nsession of the bell after the building had ceased to be used for\\nacademy purposes, and was sold to the Baptist church and remod-\\neled. The inscription upon the bell is Doolittle. Hartford. For\\nW. B. 1818.\\nThis first court-house became too small and inconvenient to meet\\nthe demands upon it in twenty years after its erection. The ques-\\ntion of a new court-house was agitated, but a disinclination upon the\\npart of the people, and especially the county officials, deferred the\\nmatter so long that they lost the opportunity of decision through\\nJudge Arthur Livermore s decree ordering a new building. He\\neven prescribed the plans on which it was to be built. This second\\ncourt-house was located where the present one now stands, and was\\nsufficient for the county until 1868, when it became necessary to\\nrebuild it.\\nIn 1853 a county building was erected on the banks of Isreals\\nriver, where Frank Smith Co. s store building now is, next to the\\nNational Bank building. In this building there was provided room\\nfor the county offices. It seems to have been poorly built, and\\nbecame unsafe in ten years after its erection. This building and the\\ncourt-house being in bad repair it was determined to pull them both\\ndown and erect a larger and more suitable court-house that should\\ncontain the county offices also. When the old court-house, a one-\\nstory building, high posted and graceful, was torn down in July,\\n1868, there was found securely fastened to the arch of the eastern\\ngable a package containing a copy each of the Have^ hill Demo-\\nci at-Refiiblican and the New Hani^sJm-e Patriot,, then the two\\nleading newspapers of the northern part of New England, together\\nwith the following bit of the history of the old building, in the hand-\\nwriting of Richard Eastman\\nThis building was erected for holding the Courts in the County of Coos, state\\nof New Hampshire. Commenced June 7, i83i,and will probably be completed\\nby October i, of the same year, expense about $1,800. The stone and brick work\\nwas undertaken by Gen. John Wilson and Lieut. Joseph C. Cady. The stone\\nwork cut and hammered by Elisha Cushman and William Holmes. Master\\nworkman of the brick work, Capt. Peter Merrill. Assistant workmen, William\\ni", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0588.jp2"}, "589": {"fulltext": "Court-house, i 868-1 886.\\nCourt-house,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0589.jp2"}, "590": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0590.jp2"}, "591": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 513\\nPage, Zadoc Cady, Joseph C. Cady, Calvin Willard, Jonathan W. Willard. Tend-\\ners, Josiah G. Hobart, Samuel Banfield, William W. Moore, William Horn, Frank-\\nlin Savage. The carpenters work done under the superintendence of William\\nMoody. The joiners work done by Richard Eastman, Elijah D. Twombly, Arte-\\nnias Lovejoy. The committee who superintended the whole building of said house\\nwere John W. Weeks, Thomas Carlisle and Richard Eastman.\\nThe third court-house, built in 1868, was a two-story brick build-\\ning 70 X 40 feet in size with a cupola and bell mounted in it. It\\nwas finished in May, 1869. The first floor contained two jury rooms,\\noffices of probate judge and register of deeds. The second story\\ncontained an ample court room and the offices of the county com-\\nmissioners and county treasurer. Its first cost was about $17,000,\\nbut through alterations in the course of construction and afterward,\\nthis sum was increased to nearly $30,000. The building was, in\\nevery way, entirely satisfactory, and was pronounced for those times\\na model court-house. This building was in use until November,\\n1886, when some repairs were being made upon the vaults which\\nwere considered unsafe for the custody of the county s records cover-\\ning a period of eighty-two years since the organization of the county.\\nIn the process of drying the vaults, stoves had been set up and used\\nand at the same time steam heating apparatus was being adjusted in\\nthe building up to midnight on the 4th of November, at which hour\\nthe custodians of the building left, feeling that everything was safe\\nbut about two o clock in the morning following the building was\\ndiscovered to be on fire. All possible efforts were made to save it,\\nbut in vain. Both the building and contents were entirely lost.\\nBut few of the records were saved and they in a mutilated condi-\\ntion. This was the second conflagration of the county records, the\\nfirst being the court records kept in the office of the clerk, James\\nM. Rix, in the wooden building where P. J. Noyes s manufactory is\\non Main street, burned during Mr. Rix s absence.\\nIn consequence of having failed to inform the insurance compa-\\nnies, and getting their consent, the county was unable to collect\\nthe insurance from the fire of 1886. The loss of the building was\\nthe smallest item of all. The loss of the records will be felt for all\\ntime. Hon. W. S. Ladd, who had his law office in the building,\\nsustained the loss of a very valuable library and all his law papers.\\nThe county convention was convened in town hall, Lancaster, Dec.\\n9, 1886, and steps were taken at once to rebuild the court-house.\\nOther towns began to make movements to secure the location of the\\nnew court-house with them. Groveton, which had then become a\\nrailroad junction of the Concord Montreal railroad (now Boston\\nMaine) and the Grand Trunk railroad, offered a considerable\\nsum of money toward rebuilding as an inducement to locate it\\nthere. Berlin, however, was the strongest competitor of Lancaster\\nfor the location of the county seat. That town generously offered to\\n33", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0591.jp2"}, "592": {"fulltext": "514 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nbuild and give the county a court-house if the people would accept\\nit and locate the county seat there. When the question was voted\\nupon the vote stood thirteen in favor of Lancaster to six against it.\\nThe convention instructed the county commissioners to rebuild the\\ncourt-house at once. The contract was awarded to Mead, Mason\\nCo., of Concord, for $17,000. The citizens of Lancaster raised a\\nlarge sum by subscription for extra work on the building. The\\nbuilding was completed in due time, and has proven to be a model\\nbuilding of the kind. It is 70 x 50 feet, with a projection on each\\nside of 6 feet, making a front of 66 feet, three stories high, and a\\ncupola and spire, reaching 100 feet from the foundation. The build-\\ning is of brick, with stone trimmings. On the first floor are the ofifices\\nof probate court, register of deeds, county commissioners, grand\\njury and solicitor, and clerk of the courts. On the second floor is\\nthe court room, 50 x 50 feet, well lighted on three sides. There\\nare in front on this floor three rooms, the lawyers room, judges\\nroom, and private consultation room.\\nOn the third floor, front, are the petit jury rooms, sheriff s room\\nand the county sealers room. There are three large, fire-proof\\nvaults in the building, in the clerk s ofhce, probate ofifice, and\\nregister of deeds office. There is a basement under the entire\\nbuilding. The building is heated with steam and lighted by elec-\\ntricity throughout.\\nTHE HOTELS.\\nFor many years Lancaster had a number of taverns. These\\nestablishments afforded accommodation for the few travelers who\\nmight chance to get so far toward the frontier towns of the state.\\nThe taverns served drinks to the citizens of the town. They were all\\nlicensed to sell mixed drinks, foreign and domestic liquors,\\nWest India rum, brandy, of which commodities quantities were\\nconsumed in the early days of the town. Many of the leading\\nmen of the town held license to sell liquors. The tavern met the\\nwants of the new community, however, as well as the hotel of\\nto-day does that of a community fully abreast of the country in all\\nrespects.\\nThe first of them kept in town were by Major Jonas Wilder,\\nStephen Wilson, and Gen. John Wilson, at the upper end of Main\\nstreet. Major Wilder kept his tavern in his, then large, new dwell-\\ning house, which is known as the Holton place to-day. Here he\\nlodged and fed man and beast, and sold flip, rum, and other\\ndrinks. The town being without a meeting-house at the time his\\nhome was thrown open as a place for holding religious meetings.\\nThe Wilson tavern was the large, square, flat-roofed building now\\nstanding on the west side of Main street, near the corner of Bridge", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0592.jp2"}, "593": {"fulltext": "Old Lanxaster House.\\nBurned 1S78.\\n:fr;i3iffni^rp\\n\u00c2\u00a3i-\u00c2\u00aba.;s/-.-.iL-\u00c2\u00ab*.\u00c2\u00abs\u00c2\u00bbffl\u00c2\u00abS!a\u00c2\u00abB(W2a\u00c2\u00bbti\u00c2\u00bb\\n4^\\nluWN Hali. and Aa[erica\\\\ House, 1876.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0593.jp2"}, "594": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0594.jp2"}, "595": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 5 15\\nstreet. It then stood where the Benton dwelling now does. For\\nmany years this was the most famous tavern in Lancaster. The\\nsame building served also for a store, furnished jury rooms as be-\\nfore stated when court was in session at the old one-room court-\\nhouse on the corner of Main and Bridge streets, now the public\\nlibrary, after having served as academy, church, and armory and\\nin one room was extemporized the first prison within the limits of\\nCoos county.\\nAbout the year 1812, Sylvanus Chessman built a tavern on the\\ncorner of Main and Elm streets. At this time business was begin-\\nning to move toward that locality. Chessman s tavern was a land-\\nmark for many years and enjoyed a good patronage. Col. Sylva-\\nnus Chessman kept the house for some years himself, and aside\\nfrom his many other distinctions became a famous landlord. After\\nChessman gave up this tavern it was kept by Samuel White, father\\nof Nathaniel White, later of Concord, during which period it was\\nknown as White s tavern. Mr. White kept a stock of goods in the\\nbar-room also. He was succeeded by Noyes S. Dennison, who was\\nlandlord for a number of years, when it passed into the hands of\\nWilliam G. Wentworth, who improved the place and renamed it\\nthe American House. It bore this name always afterward. Land-\\nlord Wentworth was succeeded by Frederick Fisk. The other land-\\nlords of this old house were John P. Dennison, Thomas J. Crawford,\\nW. K. Richey, William Wolcott, Nichols Fling, and Francis and\\nWill A. Richardson. The old hotel was afterward burned. The\\nfront door of this noted old landmark is now doing service in the\\nL of John G. Derby s house on Williams street.\\nThe next hotel of any importance in the village was the old Coos\\nHotel, on the corner of Main and Canal streets. It was built by\\nEphraim Cross in 1827. Mr. Cross ran the house for some years,\\nwhen it fell into the hands of Joseph C. Cady, who put an addition\\nto it in 1837. For many years this was the leading hotel of the town\\nand region and was successful under the managernent of Landlord\\nCady. The building fell into the hands of George C. Williams who\\nremoved it to the rear of the lot in 1865. The hotel had declined\\nafter the building of the Lancaster House, which was a very much\\nbetter hostelry than any the village had ever had before. It is\\nnow, with additions, the large livery stable on Canal street.\\nOn August 4, 1858, the first Lancaster House was opened for the\\nreception of guests. This house stood where the present Lancaster\\nHouse does. It was built by moneys paid to the town by the\\nAtlantic St. Lawrence railroad because of their failure to build\\ntheir road through Lancaster in accordance with an arrangement to\\nthat effect. In return for the violation of their agreement they paid\\nover to the projectors of that arrangement the sum of $20,000.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0595.jp2"}, "596": {"fulltext": "$l6 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nAfter the payment of certain expenses connected with railroad\\nefforts, the custodians of that fund thought they would be serving\\nthe town by erecting a first-class hotel. Accordingly they pur-\\nchased a lot of Dr. John Dewey, and entered into a contract with\\nthe late John Lindsey to erect the building. A hotel company had\\nbeen formed, and purchased the building before its completion.\\nMr. John Lindsey was one of the company, and landlord for some\\nyears. Other landlords were D. A. Burnside, who was its owner,\\nElijah Stanton, B. H. Corning, and Lewis Cole. This first Lancas-\\nter House was burned Sept. 28, 1878, at a loss on building and\\nfurnishings of $30,000, with but $2,500 insurance.\\nThe house was at once rebuilt, which building is the Lancaster\\nHouse of to-day. Our people contributed by subscription over\\n$6,000 to the enterprise. It has rooms to accommodate 150 guests,\\nis heated by steam, lighted by gas manufactured in the building,\\nby electricity, and in every respect is a first-class hotel. Since the\\ndeath of Mr. Lindsey, his son, Ned B. Lindsey, was proprietor, and\\nremained so until his death in February, 1 891, to be succeeded by\\nhis widow, Mrs. Carrie B. Lindsey, since which time it has been\\nmost successfully conducted by his son-in-law, Lauren B. Whipp.\\nT/ie Willia7)is House. In the spring of 1872, John M. Hopkins\\nbought the old Governor Williams residence on Elm street and\\nfitted it up as a hotel by building an L to it, and in 1889 raised\\nthe main building one story. The main portion of the building\\nwas erected by Governor Williams in 1847. By many additions\\nand improvements it was converted into a very comfortable host-\\nelry. It contains twenty-three rooms for guests, is heated by steam,\\nand lighted by electricity throughout. It is kept at present (1896),\\nand has been most of the time, by John M. Hopkins.\\nThe Tempe? ance House. A one-story cottage, with rambling\\nadditions, standing where the Hazeltine block is on Main street, was\\nkept for a score of years from the early 40 s by George Howe, a\\nharmless, peculiar herb doctor and exhorter. It was a neat and com-\\nfortable place and much favored by jurymen and economical travelers.\\nThe Steivart House and Green s Cottage, on Mechanic street,\\nare comfortable, home-like hotels of a modest class.\\nFor several years between the burning and rebuilding of the Lan-\\ncaster House, and later, B. F. Hunking used his brick residence on\\nMain street as a hotel, Elm Cottage, with great success and com-\\nfort to guests.\\nTHE OLD RED GUN HOUSE.\\nAt a very early day Lancaster, being so near the northern boun-\\ndary of the country, was looked upon as a sort of outpost. In the\\nfirst settlement of the Upper Coos a fort was erected at Northum-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0596.jp2"}, "597": {"fulltext": "New Lanxaster House.\\nSamuel H. LeGro.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0597.jp2"}, "598": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0598.jp2"}, "599": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 5 17\\nberland, but as Lancaster outranked all the adjoining towns through\\nthe valor of its soldiery in the several conflicts with the Indians and\\nFrench, it was early looked upon as furnishing both a good share of\\nthe sinews of war and the generalship for its direction. Here\\nwas the home of the noted Twenty-fourth, and later of the Forty-\\nsecond regiment, among the most creditable regiments in the state.\\nThe artillery company had its field piece for the accommodation of\\nwhich a gun house was erected on the lot adjoining the mound of\\nthe old cemetery, about where the Unitarian church now stands.\\nThis house was painted red, and was referred to as the Red Gun\\nHouse. It was a landmark in the village. Here was stored a three-\\npounder brass gun. In 1842 a state arsenal, with two cannon and\\n2,000 stand of arms for use in this section of the state, was estab-\\nlished at Lancaster.\\nThis old red gun house was a small one-story building, just\\nlarge enough to accommodate the equipment of the artillery com-\\npany. When it fell into disuse it was moved over to the foot of\\nBaker hill, and is still in existence as a shed on the Hosmer place\\non Elm street, near the corner of Williams street.\\nWhile this old building remained in its original location there\\nstood a liberty pole on its south side, keeping watch over its treas-\\nures, while proudly waving from it was the flag under which many\\na Lancaster man marched to the defense of the nation. Later the\\nartillery had a modern six-pound brass gun, which with a like gun\\nof the Twenty-fourth at Stewartstown, went to war in the New\\nHampshire battery in 1861.\\nTHE STATE ARSENAL.\\nIn 1842, as a result of the agitation over the Ashburton treaty\\nand the northern boundary and of changes in the number and terri-\\ntory of the regiments of the state, a new arsenal was erected at Lan-\\ncaster on the corner of Elm and Spring streets. Coos county was\\noriginally all embraced in the Twenty-fourth regiment; later the\\nForty-second, covering practically the Southern judicial district,\\nwas formed, leaving the Northern district country as the Twenty-\\nfourth. This was a larger structure, and a larger equipment was\\nstored here. Here were brought two six-pounder iron cannon, said\\nto have been captured by General Stark in the battle of Bennington,\\nVt., in the Revolutionary War. They were brought through the\\nNotch of the White Mountains, from Portsmouth, on the freight\\nteams of Francis Wilson in 1842. These, with 2,000 small arms,\\nconstituted the armament of the arsenal. This arsenal remained\\nhere until the reorganization of the militia of the state was made\\nnecessary by the War of the Rebellion. The two historic guns\\nwere left here when the armament was removed in 1861.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0599.jp2"}, "600": {"fulltext": "5l8 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nIn 1862 Col. Henry O. Kent, then a member of the legislature\\nfrom Lancaster, secured the passage of an act for the removal of\\nthese two guns to Concord, to be placed in the rotunda of the state\\nhouse. In consequence of the events of war the contemplated\\nremoval of these guns was delayed, and they remained in the old\\narsenal building.\\nOn the night of April 14, 1865, on hearing the news of the sur-\\nrender of Lee and the Confederate army, the citizens of Lancaster\\nbrought out one of these guns to celebrate the news of final victory\\nin the preservation of the Union. The gun was placed on the crest\\nof Baker hill, northeast, and charged with five pounds of fine rifle\\npowder, tamped with dry sand to the muzzle, and slow matched.\\nThe explosion burst the gun into fragments. One of these frag-\\nments was afterwards dug out of the road over forty rods away,\\nwhere it buried itself deep in the hard ground in the road in front\\nof the Ockington place. It bears the broad arrow of the British\\nordnance ofifice, the imperial crown, and the letters, G. R.,\\nGeorgius Rex, or George the King. This fragment is now to be\\nseen in the banking oflfice of the Lancaster Savings bank, where it\\nis kept as an historic relic.\\nThe companion gun is now at the state house, Concord, as con-\\ntemplated by the action of the legislature in 1862, but not exposed\\nas directed, being stored in its cellars.\\nLANCASTER PUBLIC LIBRARY.\\nThe first settlers of Lancaster were men of few books. Every\\nfamily had its Bible or a New Testament and the Psalms, and possi-\\nbly a few of the then standard volumes of theology and sermons.\\nThey appreciated those few books within their reach. They sought\\nfor their children a good education, and often made commendable\\nsacrifices to provide schools. The second and third generations born\\nin Lancaster developed a remarkable taste for good literature. As\\nI peruse their old letters, diaries, and other records, I find quota-\\ntions and allusions to the best literature of this country, showing\\na greater degree of familiarity and love of it than one sees to-day in\\npeople of common advantages. Their familiarity with ancient his-\\ntory and classical literature was evidently very considerable. Until\\nwithin the present decade or two, the men and women of Lancaster\\nwere noted for their individuality and independence. The level-\\ning down influences came into Lancaster life within thirty years,\\nvirtually with the railroad, telegraph, and daily newspaper. Not\\nuntil these things came did the people study to affect the opinions\\nand conform to the usages of the rest of the country. Since then\\nLancaster, like every other community, has relatively less prominent\\nmen, because it has vastly more average men. The average, how-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0600.jp2"}, "601": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 5 19\\never, is higher to-day than formerly, but one misses the rare, strong\\npersonahties that shone Hke stars among mankind. Learning and\\nthe hterary taste is more democratic now than formerly. There is\\nrelatively more poor, if not indeed bad, literature read to-day than\\nfifty years ago but the amount of good literature is greater now\\nthan then. The remnants of the private libraries of some of the old\\nfamilies evince what must be conceded a very good taste and sound\\njudgment of books. Lancaster long ago became noted for the\\nquality and quantity of good literature sold here and to show\\nmore fully this fact, I will give two lists of books offered for sale\\nthrough the medium of newspaper advertisements. This first one is\\ntaken from the While Mountain yEgis, in 1838, as follows:\\nA PERKINS CO.\\nHave just received a new supply of Books, consisting of the following\\nGoodrich s History of the U. States,\\nWhelpley s Compend,\\nVose s Astronomy,\\nPolitical Class Book,\\nWatts on the Mind,\\nCharles the 12th,\\nLe Burn s Telemaque,\\nNugent s Dictionary,\\nAdam s Latin Grammar, by Gould,\\nJacob s Latin Reader,\\nCicero s Orations,\\nGoodrich s Greek Grammar,\\nLessons,\\nJacob s Readers,\\nWilson s Testaments,\\nAinsworth Dictionary, c,\\nFrench Word Books,\\nDay s Algebra,\\nFrench Grammar,\\nAbbott s Abercrombie,\\nBlair s Lectures,\\nCooper s Virgil,\\nBenjamin s Architecture.\\nHere is another of the many lists offered from month to month\\nby J. M. Rix in the Cods Democrat for 1846\\nAlison s Modern Europe, 3 vols.\\nGibbon s History of Rome, 4 vols.\\nBrougham s Speeches, 2 vols.\\nFestus. Howitt, Milman and Keats.\\nWilson s Miscellanies. Hallam s Middle Ages.\\nEssays of Elia, by Charles Lamb.\\nJefferson s Life and Correspondence, 4 vols.\\nPolitical Economy, works by Say, Chalmers and Wayland.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0601.jp2"}, "602": {"fulltext": "520 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nPrescott s Conquest of Mexico, 3 vols.\\nBotta s American Revolution, 2 vols.\\nMill s History of the Crusades.\\nHistory of the Huguenots.\\nRanke s History of the Popes.\\nKane s Chemistry.\\nSpurzheim s Phrenology, 2 vols.\\nThiers French Revolution, 2 vols, for $2 only.\\nRollin s Ancient History, 2 vols, for $3.\\nTosephus, $1.12.\\nPoetical works of Shakespeare, Byron, Moore, Campbell, Thomson, Hemans,\\nYoung, Cowper, Pollok, Burns, Landon, Kirke White, Elliott, c.\\nEncyclopedia of Religious Knowledge.\\nRoscoe s Lorenzo d Medici.\\nKendall s Santa Fe Expedition.\\nRowan s French Revolution.\\nIngersoll s War of i8i2- i3.\\nNapoleon s Expedition to Russia.\\nDefoe s History of the Plague.\\nFor a number of years Mr. Rix conducted a bookstore in connec-\\ntion with his newspaper business, and carried a large stock of good\\nbooks.\\nIn i860 a Reading Circle was organized in Lancaster, and\\nbegan to collect books with a view of establishing a library. In a\\nshort time a good circulating library was in operation. An enter-\\ntainment was given in the town hall, Nov. 27, i860, to raise money\\nfor that purpose.\\nThis library grew steadily in number of books and in favor in the\\ncommunity, so that in seven years the idea of a public library had\\ngained so much favor that steps were taken to bring it about. An\\norganization was effected. Hon. William Heywood was the first\\npresident of the library association, and Dr. George O. Rogers, at\\nwhose office the library was kept, was its first librarian. There were\\nthen but 554 volumes in it, 66 of which had been contributed by\\nthe older society, the Reading Circle; 140 were donated by inter-\\nested individuals, and the remainder purchased from funds of the\\nassociation. After a three years sojourn with Dr. Rogers, the\\nlibrary was moved into a room furnished and fitted up for the pur-\\npose in Parker J. Noyes s drug store. A catalogue of the books\\nwas prepared and published. It only remained one year in this\\nlocation, when it was removed again to Dr. Rogers s ofiice, where it\\nremained for a time, and after several other moves was located in a\\nroom in the Kent building. Mar. 29, 1876, from which it was moved\\nin 1884 to its present location, in what was the old academy build-\\ning for many years, on the south side of Centennial park. Main\\nstreet.\\nAt the annual town-meeting of 1884, the library association\\noffered to give their books to the town on condition that the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0602.jp2"}, "603": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 52 1\\ntown maintain a public library free to all its citizens. This condi-\\ntion they met very cheerfully, and agreed to appropriate four hun-\\ndred dollars a year for its proper maintenance. A board of trustees\\nwas elected and given the custody and management of the library.\\nThe first trustees were J. I. Williams, Frank D. Hutchins, Geo. P.\\nRowell, I. W. Drew, and Emily Rowell.\\nGeo. P. Rowell gave the use of the old academy building free for\\na term of five years on condition that the sum of five hundred dol-\\nlars be raised by popular subscription. This condition the citizens\\nvery generously met by promptly raising that sum. Mr. Rowell\\nalso provided at his own expense a catalogue of the library at the\\ntime. This catalogue was of 140 pages, containing about 3,000\\ntitles. This first catalogue of the public library was prepared by\\nRev. J. B. Morrison, minister of the Unitarian church, and Mrs.\\nPhilip Carpenter, the librarian. The library was thrown open to\\nthe public July 29, 1884. Since that time it has enjoyed a healthy\\nand continuous growth, reaching close to 6,500 volumes at present,\\nbesides many pamphlets and public documents.\\nIn 1895 the town bought the land on which the building stands.\\nIt now has the use of the whole amount of the appropriation of $400\\nper year, as the town remitted the rent at the annual meeting in\\nMarch, 1896.\\nAt the annual town-meeting of 1895 an appropriation of $500\\nwas voted for the preparation and publication of a new catalogue of\\nthe library.\\nThe work of catalogueing the books is now complete at the hands\\nof Mrs. Sarah J. Williarns, Mrs. M. A. Hastings, Miss Hawthorne,\\nand a suitable catalogue has been published.\\nThe present board of trustees is I. W. Drew, Geo. P. Rowell, J. I.\\nWilliams, F. D. Hutchins, and Mrs. M. A. Hastings; Mrs. Sarah J.\\nWilliams, librarian.\\nThe library is much used, and is one of the most helpful institu-\\ntions of the town.\\nTHE READING-ROOMS.\\nDuring the spring of 1889, several ladies connected with the\\nWomen s Christian Temperance Union opened reading-rooms with\\na gymnasium connected in the north rooms of the town hall build-\\ning now occupied by Flanders s fruit store. Chief among the pro-\\nmoters of the enterprise were Mrs. M. A. Hastings, Mrs. C. A. Howe,\\nand Mrs. Sarah W. Brown. These ladies secured funds enough on\\na subscription to meet the expenses of the rooms, about $350 a year.\\nThe rooms were well patronized from the start, especially the\\ngymnasium. After a time, however, the privileges of that depart-\\nment were abused and it was closed. After the first year of the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0603.jp2"}, "604": {"fulltext": "S-2 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nexperiment it was seen to be a matter of considerable importance\\nin the way of furnishing a place of resort for idle boys and young\\nmen who profited considerably by its services, and several men\\nbrought the matter before the town at the annual town-meeting of\\n1890. and secured an appropriation of Si 00 toward the expense.\\nThis amount was given by the town for four years, after which it\\nwas increased to $150, and next to $200, until at the town-meeting\\nin March, 1896, when the town assumed the entire expense, and\\nappointed a committee consisting of Mrs. M. A. Hastings, ISIrs. C.\\nA. Howe, and ^Merrill Shurtleff, to have charge and manage the\\nrooms as a town institution.\\nIn 1892 the rooms were moved to their present location in the\\nsouth side of the town hall building. At that time a young\\npeople s friendship temperance club was organized, and assisted\\nfinancially to the amount of $50 in fitting up the rooms, after which\\nthe club declined, and is not in existence. After the g} mnasium had\\nbeen given up a boys brotherhood was organized and conducted\\nby Rev. C. A. Young, minister of the Unitarian church, for some\\ntime but this is not now existing.\\nThe rooms have been used by the Woman s Christian Temper-\\nance Union always, as well as for other purposes, except evenings,\\nwhen it is open to the public. That organization has, until the\\npresent year, 1S96, raised nearly two hundred dollars for the support\\nof the rooms by soliciting subscriptions, and by ser\\\\-ing dinners at\\ntown-meetings and sociables. The rooms are generously supplied\\nwith literature of a great variet} newspapers, magazines, illustrated\\npapers, and books. They are also arranged for, and supplied\\nwith, a variety of games. A large number of boys and young men\\nare constant visitors.\\nAfter the periodical literature has done its full service in the\\nrooms it is taken either to the jail, or to the lumber camps in winter\\nand does sen-ice over again until worn out. The influence of the\\ninstitution is thus widened. It is not conducted as a charitable or\\na reformaton, concern, but as a public institution designed to meet\\na real want in the life of the village. It has had for a number of\\nyears the ser\\\\-ices of Thomas D. Carbee for janitor and custodian.\\nSir. Carbee has taken a generous and kindly interest in the patrons\\nof the rooms, and through a firm but kind discipline has managed\\nthem well.\\nIt is hoped that the time is not far distant when the public library-\\nand the reading-rooms will be properly housed in one suitable\\nbuilding with the arrangements and conveniences required for such\\ninstitutions.*\\nThis hope has been fulfilled by the removal in 1899 of the reading-room to the\\nlibrary building.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0604.jp2"}, "605": {"fulltext": "THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 523\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nTHE FIRE DEPARTMENT.\\nUntil 1834 neither the town nor the village had any means of\\nprotecting property from the ravages of fire, except the simple one\\nof pouring water upon it by means of pails. In that year a petition\\nwas signed by a goodly number of persons asking the town to take\\naction toward adopting and defining portions of an act of the legis-\\nlature of ]\\\\Iarch 22, 1828, with respect to the duties of fire wards,\\nand others in certain cases. The selectmen, in compliance with the\\nwishes of the petitioners, called a special town-meeting on July 4,\\n1834. The meeting took favorable action on the petition, and\\nappointed the following named men as fire wards David Burnside,\\nWarren Porter, Harvey Adams. Turner Stephenson. John Wilson,\\nRoyal Joyslin, Benjamin Stephenson, and Ephraim Cross.\\nSince that time the list of fire wards has always been full, and has\\nincluded among its members the most substantial business men of\\nthe village, until the village was incorporated as a special fire pre-\\ncinct, since which time a different organization has obtained.\\nUnder the old system the village managed to protect itself against\\nfires with very good success for more than twent}- years. During\\nthe greater portion of that time a rotary hand engine was used with\\nsatisfactory results, as most of the houses were only one stor\\\\\\\\ or\\none and a half stories high, with very rarely a two-stor}- building.\\nUnder the directions of the fire wards a volunteer company did etti-\\ncient service, in return for which they were exempt from dut\\\\ on\\nmuster days, jury duty, etc.\\nAbout 1850 taller and more valuable buildings began to be\\nerected, and a growing demand for more adequate fire protection\\nresulted in the organization of a new fire company in accordance\\nwith the laws of the state, which had become much improved with\\nrespect to the matter of protecting property from fire.\\nIn 1853 the town voted an appropriation of S200 for the purchase\\nof a fire engine, on condition that enough more be raised by sub-\\nscription to make the purchase of a satisfactory engine. Xot until\\n1857 was this measure carried out. At that time citizens had sub-\\nscribed enough money to secure the best apparatus then in use.\\nA committee consisting of David Burnside and Perr}- W. Pollard\\nwas appointed to make the purchase of the desired engine. They\\nbought one for four hundred dollars, which was in use a long time.\\nIt was named the .E^tna. This engine gave ven\u00c2\u00bb^ good satisfaction.\\nIn the following year, 1858, the old volunteer fire company gave\\nplace to one organized according to law. This company was\\nknown as the Lancaster Fire Engine company. Its organization", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0605.jp2"}, "606": {"fulltext": "524 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nwas perfected March 27, 1858, by the adoption of a constitution\\nand an elaborate set of by-laws for its government. There were\\nforty-five members, with the following officers: ist foreman, David\\nB.Allison; 2d foreman, Anderson J. Marshall; ist leading hose,\\nWebster M. Rines; 2d leading hose, O. E. Freeman; ist suction\\nhose. Perry W. Pollard; 2d suction hose, J. G. Derby; treasurer,\\nCharles B. Allen; clerk, Henry O. Kent; board of directors, D. B.\\nAllison, J. G. Derby, P. W. Pollard, Gilman Colby, W. W. Hatch.\\nAt the annual town-meeting in March, 1863, the town voted to\\nadopt chapter 1 1 1 of the Revised Statutes, which defines the duties\\nand authority of fire wards. At that time it was found that the\\nwater supply was insufficient to meet possible demands upon it, and\\na reservoir system was adopted and built by a committee consisting\\nof R. P. Kent, Jared I. Williams, and E. B. Bennett. Towards this\\nenterprise citizens subscribed the sum of three hundred dollars, the\\ntown meeting the rest of the expenses. This system was reasonably\\nsatisfactory for some years, until larger amounts of water were neces-\\nsary to effectually fight fire.\\nIn 1865, at a special town-meeting, called January 18, the sum of\\none thousand dollars was voted for the purchase of a better fire en-\\ngine. E. B. Bennett, E. R. Kent, and J. I.Williams were appointed\\na committee to make the purchase. They bought a second-hand one\\nin Boston that had done duty at Lynn, Mass., for the sum of $891.\\nThis engine was named the Lafayette. It did good work in the\\nhands of a trained company, and saved much valuable property to\\nits owners, the town feeling a just pride in it.\\nIn 1878 the town appropriated the sum of eight hundred dollars\\nfor the purchase of a force pump, to be placed under the grist-mill,\\nto fill the reservoirs in case of fires. This measure was not carried\\nout until 1885, when it was attached to a hydrant system.\\nIn 1890 the town voted to pay any company, corporation, or\\nvillage precinct that will construct sufficient fire hydrants of fifty\\npounds pressure to the square inch, one thousand dollars.\\nAt a special meeting Oct. 6, 1891, the town voted to organize a\\nfire precinct, under chapter 107 of the General Laws of New Hamp-\\nshire. The old fire company was retained in force as Lafayette\\nFire company.\\nSince Sept. 7, 1891, the village fire precinct has been a distinct\\ncivil or municipal body, holding its own elections, and providing for\\nits own government under the laws of the state. At an adjourned\\nmeeting, Oct. 6, 1891, a committee consisting of E. R. Kent, N. H.\\nRichardson, J. L. Moore, W. E. Bullard, and V. V. Whitney, was\\nappointed to confer with the Lancaster Water company, a corpora-\\nation then constructing a system of water-works in the village, as to\\nthe cost of a competent hydrant system, and the number and loca-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0606.jp2"}, "607": {"fulltext": "THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 525\\ntion of hydrants sufficient to serve the demands of the village for fire\\npurposes. At another adjourned meeting, held October 20 of that\\nyear, this committee recommended an agreement with the Lancas-\\nter Water company, by which the company was to provide a\\nsystem of water-works, with a reservoir of 2,000,000 gallons ca-\\npacity, with a twelve-inch main to Middle street along Main street,\\nwith a pressure of not less than eighty pounds to the square inch,\\nand fifty-eight hydrants, at an annual rental of thirty-five dollars per\\nhydrant, and three water-cart hydrants free of cost, and also two\\nstreams of water for public water troughs, and to supply water to\\nfamilies for domestic use at eight dollars per year, provided that the\\nprecinct rent the hydrants for a period of five years. This company\\nalso agreed to sell its system to the precinct at anytime prior to 1897,\\nat the cost of its construction with ten per-c ent. bonus and interest\\nat six per cent, on the cost of construction less the net earnings of\\nthe company.\\nAt that meeting this proposal was accepted by the precinct, and\\na board of fire wards was elected, consisting of E. R. Kent, W. E.\\nBullard, W. L. Rowell, J. L. Moore, and K. B. Fletcher, with in-\\nstructions to conclude the agreement recommended by the previous\\ncommittee.\\nThis board organized by the election of the following officers\\nE. R. Kent, chief engineer; W. E. Bullard, W. L. Rowell, J. L.\\nMoore, and K. B. Fletcher, assistant engineers.\\nThree hose companies and one hook and ladder company were\\nformed as follows\\nE. R. Kent Hose Company, No. i. George Congdon, fore-\\nman Fred. W. Streeter, assistant foreman; Thoma^ Powers and\\nW. B. Wilson, hosemen W. E. Ingerson and C. A. Root, in charge\\nof hydrants F. Smith and Fred Streeter, executive committee\\nW. H. McCarten, secretary and treasurer.\\nyEtna Hose Company, IVo. 2. J. M. Monahan, foreman; M.\\nMcHugh, assistant foreman Thomas Sullivan, clerk and treasurer.\\nLafayette Hose Company, JVo. j. L. B. Porter, foreman; H.\\nS. Webb, assistant foreman; H. Bailey, A. Pierce, hosemen; H. H.\\nNoyes, clerk and treasurer.\\nA. M. Billiard Hook and Laddei Company No. L. H.\\nParker, foreman; F. D. Peabody, assistant foreman; H. A. Keir\\nand C. W. Brown, executive committee B. M. Leavenworth, clerk\\nFred B. Spaulding, treasurer.\\nA new and commodious fire department station was fitted up by\\nFrank Smith Co. in a building of theirs on Middle street, where\\nthe several companies have their headquarters, and the apparatus is\\nstored. The second floor of the building affords a large hall in\\nwhich companies hold their meetings. The first floor is devoted to", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0607.jp2"}, "608": {"fulltext": "526 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthe storage of trucks, hose carts, and other apphances. The build-\\ning has connected with it a tower for drying hose. Fire alarms\\nare sounded upon a gong connected with the engines of Frank\\nSmith Co. s mills and electric light plant.*\\nOne hose cart and hose is stationed on Main street, just above the\\nBoston Maine railroad crossing for use in emergencies in the north\\nend of the village, while another hose cart and four hundred feet of\\nhose are stored on Winter street for use in the Baker hill section of\\nthe village.\\nAll the apparatus is of the most improved kind, and the compa-\\nnies are faithful in the use of it whenever danger calls them out.\\nFew villages of its size has so good a fire protection. With its pres-\\nent organization, its boundless supply of water from the system\\nwhich the precinct now owns, having purchased the water-works of\\nthe Lancaster Water company, property is in very little danger from\\nfire.\\nTHE VETERAN FIREMEN S ASSOCIATION.\\nFor more than fifty years Lancaster has had some kind of organ-\\nized fire protection. Nearly every man connected with the business\\ninterests of the village has, at times, belonged to some of those\\norganizations. The surviving members of the several companies of\\nthe past and present organized a Veteran Firemen s Association\\nat a meeting called for that purpose on June 4, 1896, with the fol-\\nlowing list of oflficers\\nJohn G. Derby, president; Henry O. Kent, Frank Smith, Edward\\nR. Kent, vice-presidents Loring B. Porter, secretary Erastus V.\\nCobleigh, treasurer W. H. Thompson, A. G.Wilson, L. H. Parker,\\nM. Monahan, M. Vashon, directors; E. R. Kent, L. H. Parker,\\nVernon Smith, E. R. Stuart, committee on by-laws.\\nThe first fire engine was what was termed a rotar}^ engine. The\\nwater was poured into the tub by a line of men (and at fires, wo-\\nmen) leading to the place of supply, while another line, facing the\\nfirst, passed back the empty buckets. The machine was worked by\\ncranks, with polished iron arms extending, when in place, eight feet\\neach side of the tub, and capable of engaging, perhaps, twenty men\\nat a relief.\\nThe house of this engine was at the northwest corner of the inn\\nyard of the Coos hotel, next beyond the coach shed and alongside\\nthe garden, about where the rear of the livery stable on Canal street\\nnow is. The original rotary engine was dismembered, the pump\\nconnected with the machinery of Williams s machine shop and set\\nA complete fire alarm system by districts was established in 1899, with about a dozen\\nstations, the alarm bells being that upon the Congregational church and one placed\\nupon the roof of the Masonic Temple or Town Hall building.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0608.jp2"}, "609": {"fulltext": "THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 527\\nin the basement as a force pump. It was destroyed by the fire that\\nconsumed that building.\\nThe yEtna, the strong but crude machine bought by David Burn-\\nside and Perry W. Pollard in 1857 at St. Johnsbury, was housed\\ntemporarily in convenient sheds until the winter of that year, when\\nHenry O. Kent and John G. Derby secured contributions of mate-\\nrials, labor and a little money, and built the engine-house now in\\nruins, standing just east of the grist-mill. v^Itna engine had this until\\nthe Hunneman tub, Lafayette, was purchased in 1864, when an\\nengine-room and hall was finished off for the yEtna in rear of Frank\\nSmith s block on Main street, where the north end of Eagle block\\nnow is, and which was burned in the great fire of 1878. ^tna was\\nthereafter housed under the arch, in comfortable quarters in the\\ntown hall building, until the era of the new fire department and erec-\\ntion of the present commodious headquarters, when it was sent out\\nto Grange Village, where it now is. Lafayette remains for special\\nservice but modern hydrants, hose companies, and hook and lad-\\nder companies have supplanted the old firemen who run wid der\\nmachine, or used the ponderous fire hooks, of which a speci-\\nmen still exists at the old headquarters.\\nThe date of the organization of a fire department is from the erec-\\ntion of the engine-house in 1888, and the establishing of quarters\\nfor two engines. From that date the fire wards, or their successors,\\nthe fire engineers, assumed command, placing engines and directing\\noperations at fires. Edward R. Kent is easily the Nestor of the\\ndepartment, having served as fire ward and engineer for twenty-four\\nyears.\\nPERSONS WHO HAVE HELD THE OFFICE OF FIRE WARDS SINCE\\n1835, TO THE ADOPTION OF THE FIRE PRECINCT IN 1 892.\\n1835. David Burnside, Warren Porter, Harvey Adams, Turner\\nStephenson, John Wilson, Royal Joyslin, Benjamin Stephenson,\\nEphraim Cross.\\n1836. John Wilson, Warren Porter, Benjamin Stephenson,\\nEphraim Cross, Joseph C. Cady, Royal Joyslin, Harvey Adams,\\nLevi F. Randlett.\\n1837. David Burnside, Warren Porter, Benjamin Stephenson,\\nJohn Wilson, Ephraim Cross, Harvey Adams, Apollos Perkins,\\nJohn S. Wells.\\n1838. Royal Joyslin, Harvey Adams, Joseph C. Cady, Benjamin\\nStephenson, Warren Porter, John Wilson, Ephraim Cross, Noyes\\nS. Dennison.\\n1839. John Wilson, John S. Wells, Benjamin Stephenson, War-\\nren Porter, Harvey Adams, David Burnside, Ephraim Cross, Royal\\nJoyslin.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0609.jp2"}, "610": {"fulltext": "528 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n1840. John S. Wells, John Wilson, Benjamin Stephenson, War-\\nren Porter, Harvey Adams, David Burnside, Ephraim Cross, Royal\\nJoyslin.\\n1 841. Amos Balch, Royal Joyslin, David Burnside, John Wil-\\nson, Ephraim Cross, John S. Wells, Benjamin Stephenson, Warren\\nPorter.\\n1842. Warren Porter, Ephraim Cross, Harvey Adams, David\\nBurnside, John Wilson, Royal Joyslin, Joseph C. Cady, John S.\\nWells.\\n1843. Joseph C. Cady, Ephraim Cross, John Wilson, David\\nBurnside, Harvey Adams, Benjamin Stephenson, John S. Wells,\\nWarren Porter.\\n1844. Warren Porter, John S. Wells, Ephraim Cross, Samuel\\nRines, Oliver W. Baker, David Burnside, Richard P. Kent, Reuben\\nStephenson, Harvey Adams.\\n1845. Ephraim Cross, Joseph C. Cady, Harvey Adams, James\\nH. Hall, Royal Joyslin, Warren Porter, Samuel Rines.\\n1846. Harvey Adams, Joseph C. Cady, Reuben Stephenson,\\nEphraim Cross, Royal Joyslin, George F. Hartwell, James W.\\nWeeks.\\n1847. Ephraim Cross, Harvey Adams, Reuben Stephenson,\\nAlbro L. Robinson, Royal Joyslin, George F. Hartwell, James W.\\nWeeks.\\n1848. Ephraim Cross, Harvey Adams, Joseph C. Cady, Samuel\\nRines, Hazen C. Walker, Charles B. Allen, Jacob Benton, Charles\\nS. Palmer.\\n1849. Harvey Adams, Jonathan Hovey, Lucius M. Rosebrooks,\\nJacob Benton, Richard P. Kent.\\n1850. Jonathan Hovey, Lucius M. Rosebrooks, Jacob Benton,\\nRichard P. Kent.\\n185 1. John Lindsey, Webster M. Rines, Edwin F. Eastman,\\nWilliam Burns, Reuben Stephenson, Hosea Gray, George C. Wil-\\nliams.\\n1852. John Lindsey, Harvey Adams, John W. Lovejoy, Horace\\nF. Holton, George C. Williams.\\n1853. Anderson J. Marshall, David Burnside, John Lindsey,\\nRoyal Joyslin, Hazen C. Walker, Turner Stephenson.\\n1854. Richard P.Kent, John W. Lovejoy, Horace F. Holton,\\nWilliam Burns, Robert Sawyer, Frederick Fisk.\\n1855. Perry W. Pollard, Webster M. Rines, Robert Sawyer,\\nRichard P. Kent, David Burnside, James A. Smith.\\n1856. John G. Derby, Richard P. Kent, John Lindsey, Enoch\\nL. Colby, George Bellows, Frederick Fisk, George C. Williams.\\n1857. Jacob Benton, David Burnside, Samuel Rines, Richard P.\\nKent, John Lindsey, Perry W. Pollard. It seems that the $200", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0610.jp2"}, "611": {"fulltext": "THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 529\\nthat was voted by the town in 1853, had laid in the hands of the\\nselectmen. This year by a vote of the town it was paid over to\\nthe Engine Co.\\n1858. Henry O. Kent, Anderson J. Marshall, George A. Cos-\\nsitt, David Burnside, John Lindsey, Ephraim Cross, John G. Derby,\\nRichard P. Kent.\\n1859. Henry O. Kent, Anderson J. Marshall, David A. Burn-\\nside, John Lindsey, Charles B. Allen, John G. Derby, Richard P.\\nKent.\\ni860. Richard P. Kent, Anderson J. Marshall, David A. Burn-\\nside, John Lindsey, Jared L Williams, Harvey Adams, Hartford\\nSweet, John H. Hopkinson.\\n1861. Anderson J. Marshall, John H. Hopkinson, George A.\\nCossitt, Hartford Sweet, Oliver Nutter, Enoch L. Colby, John. Lind-\\nsey, Kimball B. Fletcher.\\n1862. Anderson J. Marshall, John H. Hopkinson, George A.\\nCossitt, Hartford Sweet, Oliver Nutter, Enoch L. Colby, Kimball B.\\nFletcher.\\n1863. Anderson J. Marshall, John H. Hopkinson, George A.\\nCossitt, David A. Burnside, John Lindsey, Ephraim Cross, John G.\\nDerby, Richard P. Kent.\\n1864. John H. Hopkinson, Anderson J. Marshall, George A.\\nCossitt, Hosea Grey, Hartford Sweet, Enoch L. Colby.\\n1865. Anderson J. Marshall, John H. Hopkinson, George A.\\nCossitt, Hosea Grey, Hartford Sweet, Enoch L. Colby, Frank\\nSmith.\\n1866. Anderson J. Marshall, George A. Cossitt, Hartford Sweet,\\nHenry O. Kent, Enoch L. Colby, Hosea Grey, John H. Hopkinson,\\nKimball B. Fletcher.\\n1867. Henry O. Kent, Enoch L. Colby, Hosea Grey, John H.\\nHopkinson, Kimball B. Fletcher, Hartford Sweet, George A. Cos-\\nsitt, Anderson J. Marshall.\\n1868. Henry O. Kent, Enoch L. Colby, Hosea Grey, John H.\\nHopkinson, Kimball B. Fletcher, Hartford Sweet, George A. Cos-\\nsitt, Anderson J. Marshall.\\n1869. Henry O. Kent, Charles W. Smith, Ariel M. Bullard,\\nAnderson J. Marshall, George A. Cossitt, Daniel Thompson, Kim-\\nball B. Fletcher, Orville E. Freeman, John H. Hopkinson.\\n1870. Henry O. Kent, George A. Cossitt, Anderson J. Mar-\\nshall, Orville E. Freeman, Charles W. Smith, Edmund Brown, John\\nH. Hopkinson.\\n1 87 1. Henry O. Kent, Anderson J. Marshall, George A. Cos-\\nsitt, Charles W. Smith, John H. Hopkinson, Kimball B. Fletcher,\\nHosea Grey.\\n1872. Charles W. Smith, Henry Porter, Frank Smith, Erastus\\n34", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0611.jp2"}, "612": {"fulltext": "530 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nV. Cobleigh, Charles E. Allen, George H. Emerson, Edward R.\\nKent.\\n1873. Charles W. Smith, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Edward R. Kent,\\nCharles E. Allen, Henry H. Porter, Frank Smith, George H. Emer-\\nson.\\n1874. Erastus V. Cobleigh, Edward R. Kent, Charles E. Allen,\\nHenry H. Porter, Frank Smith, George H. Emerson, Ariel M.\\nBilliard.\\n1875. William L. Rowell, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Edward R.\\nKent, Charles E. Allen, Henry H. Porter, Frank Smith, Ariel M.\\nBullard.\\n1876. Erastus V. Cobleigh, Horace R. Porter, Charles E. Allen,\\nJohn G. Derby, Edward R. Kent, James Monahan.\\n1877. Erastus V. Cobleigh, Edward R. Kent, Ariel M. Bullard,\\nJohn G. Derby, Charles E. Allen, James Monahan, William L.\\nRowell.\\n1878. Erastus V. Cobleigh, Edward R. Kent, Ariel M. Bullard,\\nJohn G. Derby, Charles E. Allen, James Monahan, William L.\\nRowell, Frank Smith.\\n1879. Edward R. Kent, Ariel M. Bullard, Erastus V. Cobleigh,\\nJohn G. Derby, Charles E. Allen, James Monahan, William L.\\nRowell, Frank Smith.\\n1880. Edward R. Kent, Ariel M. Bullard, Erastus V. Cobleigh,\\nJohn G. Derby, Charles E. Allen, James Monahan, William L.\\nRowell, Frank Smith.\\n1 88 1. Edward R. Kent, Charles L. Griswold, Erastus V. Cob-\\nleigh, Ariel M. Bullard, Charles E. Allen, John G. Derby, James\\nMonahan, Frank Smith.\\n1882. Edward R. Kent, Charles E. Allen, Charles L. Griswold,\\nFrank Smith, James Monahan, Erastus V. Cobleigh, John G. Derby,\\nIra E. Woodward.\\n1883. Edward R Kent, Ira E. Woodward, Charles E. Allen,\\nCharles L. Griswold, Frank Smith, Erastus V. Cobleigh, James\\nMonahan, John G. Derby, Ivan W. Quimby.\\n1884. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Charles E. Allen,\\nJames Monahan, William L. Rowell, John G. Derby, F rank Smith,\\nIra E. Woodward, Ivan W. Quimby.\\n1885. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, William L.\\nRowell, Charles E. Allen, Frank Smith, James Monahan, John G.\\nDerby, Ira E. Woodward, Ivan W. Quimby.\\n1886. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, William L. Rowell,\\nFrank Smith, Charles E. Allen, Nathaniel H. Richardson, Robert\\nMcCarten, Ira E. Woodward, William A. Folsom.\\n1887. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Fielding Smith,\\nRobert McCarten, Charles E. Allen, John G. Derby, Charles A.\\nHowe, Ira E. Woodward.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0612.jp2"}, "613": {"fulltext": "THE CIVIL LIST OF LANCASTER. 53 1\\n1888. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Fielding Smith,\\nRobert McCarten, Charles A. Howe, Willie E. Bullard, Isaac W.\\nHopkinson, Kimball B. Fletcher, Jr.\\n1889. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Fielding Smith,\\nJohn G. Derby, Charles A. Howe, Horace F. Whitcomb, Kimball\\nB. Fletcher, Jr., WilHe E. Bullard.\\n1890. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Fielding Smith,\\nCharles A. Howe, John G. Derby, Horace F. Whitcomb, Kimball\\nB. Fletcher, Jr., WilHe E. Bullard.\\n1 89 1. Edward R. Kent, Erastus V. Cobleigh, John G. Derby,\\nCharles A. Howe, KimbaU B. Fletcher, WilHe E. Bullard, Virgil V.\\nWhitney.\\nAt the first annual meeting of the fire precinct March i, 1892, it\\nwas voted that the officers elected be called engineers instead of fire\\nwards. The first board of fire engineers were E. R. Kent, W. E.\\nBullard, J. L. Moore, K. B. Fletcher, and W. L. Rowell.\\n1893. The same reelected.\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\nTHE CIVIL LIST OF LANCASTER.\\nThe Names of Citizens of Lanxaster who Have Held National, State,\\nCounty, and Town Offices.\\nSenator in Congress.\\nJared W. Williams, U. S. Senate (appointed to fill vacancy),\\ni853- 55-\\nRepresentatives in Congress.\\nJohn W. Weeks, 1829-33.\\nJared W. Williams, 1837-41.\\nJacob Benton, 1867\u00e2\u0080\u0094 71.\\nOssian Ray, 1880-84.\\nGovernor.\\nJared W. WilHams, 1847-48.\\nCouncilor.\\nJohn H. White, 1839-42.\\nPresidential Electors.\\nWilliam Lovejoy, Republican, 1828.\\nJohn W. Weeks, Democrat, 1840.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0613.jp2"}, "614": {"fulltext": "532 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJohn H. White, Free Soil, 1848; RepubHcan, 1856.\\nHenry O. Kent, Repubhcan, 1864.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, RepubHcan, 1872.\\nFede7 al Aff ointments.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, minister to Hayti, 1862-65.\\nJames M. Rix, government printing-office, 1853.\\nJacob Benton, inspector of customs, 1849.\\nEphraim Cross, inspector of customs, 1845.\\nHenry O. Kent, postmaster U. S. Senate, i863- 64.\\nHenry O. Kent, naval officer, port of Boston, i885- 90.\\nGeorge H. Emerson, clerk interior department and customs\\ninspector, 1863.\\nDelegates to JVational Political Conventions.\\nJared W. Williams, Democratic convention, Baltimore, Md., 1832.-\\nJames M. Rix, Democratic convention, Cincinnati, O. (alternate\\nfor Robert Ingalls of Shelburne, and attended in his place).\\nJohn H. White, Republican convention, Philadelphia, Pa., 1856.\\nJacob Benton, Republican convention, Chicago, 111., i860.\\nHenry O. Kent, alternate delegate at large, Republican conven-\\ntion, Chicago, 111., i860; attended.\\nWilliam Burns, Democratic, Charleston, S. C, and Baltimore,\\nMd., i860.\\nJared W. Williams, Democratic, Chicago, 111., 1864.\\nEnoch L. Colby, Republican, Baltimore, Md., 1864.\\nOssian Ray, Republican convention, Philadelphia, Pa., 1872.\\nHenry O Kent, Liberal Republican convention at Cincinnati,\\n1872.\\nB. F. Whidden, Republican convention, Cincinnati, O., 1876.\\nIrving W. Drew, Democratic convention, Cincinnati. O., 1880.\\nHenry O. Kent, Democratic convention, Chicago, 111., 1884.\\nWilliam S. Ladd, Democratic convention, St. Louis, Mo., 1888.\\nIrving W. Drew, Democratic convention, Chicago, 111., 1892 and\\n1896.\\nState Senators.\\nJohn W. Weeks, 1826-29.\\nJared W. Williams, i832- 35.\\nEphraim Cross, 1844-46.\\nJames M. Rix, 1852-54.\\nWilliam Burns, 1856-58.\\nJohn W. Barney, 1868-70.\\nIrving W. Drew, 1883-85.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1885-87.\\nChester B. Jordan, 1897-99.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0614.jp2"}, "615": {"fulltext": "THE CIVIL LIST OF LANCASTER. 533\\nPresidents of the State Senate.\\nJared W. Williams, 1833-34.\\nJames M. Rix, 1853.\\nChester B. Jordan, 1897.\\nClei k of the Senate.\\nG. C. Williams, 1853-54.\\nClerks of the House.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1855-59.\\nJosiah H. Benton, Jr., 1870.\\nSpeakers of the House.\\nJohn S. Wells, 1841.\\nChester B. Jordan, 1881.\\n3Ie?nbers of Constitutional Conventions.\\nDavid Page, 1781.\\nJohn Weeks, 1788, convention to ratify the constitution of the\\nUnited States.\\nWilliam Cargill, 1791.\\nJohn H. White, 1850.\\nJacob Benton, 1876.\\nWilliam Burns, 1876.\\nWilliam S. Ladd, 1889.\\nWilHam H. Smith, 1889.\\ny list ice of Supreme fudicial Court.\\nWilliam S. Ladd, 1870-74.\\nJustice of Superior Court of fudicature.\\nWilliam S. Ladd, 1874-76.\\nJustices of Court of Common Pleas.\\nRichard C. Everett, 1813-15.\\nRichard Eastman, i84i- 48.\\nReporter of the Suprejne Court.\\nWilliam S. Ladd, 1883-91.\\nJudges of Probate.\\nBenjamin Hunking, 1829\u00e2\u0080\u009452.\\nJared W. Williams, 1852-53.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0615.jp2"}, "616": {"fulltext": "534 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJames W. Weeks, 1853-55.\\nTurner Stephenson, 1855-68.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, i868- 74-\\nWilliam D. Weeks, 1876-85.\\nEverett Fletcher, 1885-95.\\nClerks of Courts.\\nJonas Baker, court of common pleas, 1804\u00e2\u0080\u0094 10.\\nAdino N. Brackett, court of common pleas and superior court of\\njudicature, 1810-37.\\nWilliam Farrar, court of common pleas, i837- 39.\\nJames M. Rix, court of common pleas, 1839-56; supreme judi-\\ncial court, 1847-56.\\nDaniel C. Pinkham, court of common pleas and supreme judicial,\\n1856-68.\\nChester B. Jordan, supreme judicial court, 1868\u00e2\u0080\u009474.\\nMoses A. Hastings, superior court, 1874-76; and supreme judi-\\ncial, 1 876-.\\nRegisters of Probate.\\nWilliam Lovejoy, 1822-29. George H. Emerson, 1875-77.\\nJared W. WiUiams, 1829-37. Charles B. Allen, 1877-80.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt, 1837-52. George H. Emerson, 1880-86.\\nJohn W. Barney, 1852-55. Joseph W. Flanders, 1886-95.\\nAlbro L. Robinson, 1855-60. Fielding Smith, 1895-97.\\nJohn M. Whipple, 1860-75. Burleigh Roberts, 1897-\\nON STATE COMMISSIONS.\\nTo Adjust Eastern Boundary of State.\\nJohn W. Weeks, 1828. Henry O. Kent, 1858.\\nTo Survey and Allot Public Lands.\\nEphraim Cross, 1844. John M. Whipple, 1858.\\nGeorge C. Williams, 1858.\\nBank Commissioners.\\nJas.M. Rix, 1843-46; 1848-54. Henry O. Kent, 1866-69.\\nOn Construction of State Library.\\nIrving W. Drew, 1894.\\nOn Construction of JVezv Prison.\\nJohn W. Barney, 1874.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0616.jp2"}, "617": {"fulltext": "THE CIVIL LIST OF LANCASTER.\\n535\\nFish and Game Commissions.\\nWilliam H. Shurtleff, 1892.\\nSchool Commissioner for Cods.\\nFrancis Laban Towne, 1858.\\nState Board of Agricidttire.\\nBarton G. Towne, 1871. Joseph D. Howe, 1893.\\nHorace F. Holton, 1873, James W. Weeks.\\nHigh Sheriffs.\\nLevi Willard, 1805-12. Enoch L. Colby, 1857-67.\\nLemuel Adams, 1816-20. Samuel H. LeGro, 1872-77.\\nJohn W. Weeks, i820- 25. George M. Stevens, 1887-93.\\nJohn H. White, 1830-39. John T. Amey, 1893-95.\\nReuben Stephenson, i849- 5 5. Thomas C. Beattie, 1895-.\\nCounty Commissioners.\\nGeorge R. Eaton, 1879-83.\\nAndrew J. Congdon, i867- 70.\\nJames W. Weeks, 1873-76.\\nSolicitors.\\nAbraham Hinds, 1807.\\nWilliam Farrar, 1816-21.\\nJared W. Williams, 1821-38.\\nJohn S. Wells, 1838-47.\\nSaunders W. Cooper, i847- 49.\\nWilliam Burns, i849- 53.\\nGeorge C. Williams, i853- 56.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, i856- 63,\\nOssian Ray, 1863-73.\\nHenry Heywood, i875- 77.\\nWilliam S. Ladd, 1879-80.\\nAbraham Hinds.\\nAsa W^ Burnap.\\nWjlliam Farrar\\nJohn M. Dennison.\\nReuben Stephenson, i830- 39.\\nJohn W. Lovejoy, 1839-49.\\nJohn S. Roby, 1849-55.\\nIra S. M. Gove, 1855-61.\\nRegisters of Deeds.\\nHezekiah B. Parsons, 1 861\u00e2\u0080\u0094 66.\\nBenjamin F. Hunking, 1866\u00e2\u0080\u009471.\\nCharles W. Smith, 1871-76.\\nJoseph W. Flanders, 1876-82.\\nCharles A. Cleaveland, 1882-87.\\nJames M. Rowell. 1887-93.\\nCharles E. Mclntire, 1893-95.\\nHenry S. Hilliard, 1895-.\\nCounty Treasurers\\nJohn W. Weeks.\\nRichard Eastman.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt, 1865-67.\\nJames M. Rowell, 1879-83.\\nGeorge R. Eaton, 1885-91.\\nWilliam H. McCarten, 1894-.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0617.jp2"}, "618": {"fulltext": "536 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nRep7 esentaiives to the General Court*\\nJonas Wilder, Jr., 1793.\\nJonathan Cram, 1795.\\nRichard C. Everett, 1796-97; 1799-1802.\\nWilHam Lovejoy, 1803-11.\\nAdino N. Brackett, i8i3- i 7.\\nRichard Eastman, 18 18.\\nAdino N. Brackett, 18 19.\\nRichard Eastman, 1820.\\nAdino N. Brackett, 1821-22.\\nJohn Wilson, 1823-25.\\nRichard Eastman, 1826-27.\\nAdino N. Brackett, 1828.\\nRichard Eastman, 1829.\\nJared W. Williams, 1830-31.\\nRichard Eastman, 1832-34.\\nJared W. Williams, 1835-36.\\nAdino N. Brackett, 1837.\\nRichard Eastman, 1838.\\nJohn S. Wells, 1839-42.\\nIn 1843 voted not to send.\\nWilliam D. Weeks, 1844.\\nHarvey Adams, 1845-46.\\nJames M. Rix, 1847-48.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, 1849-50.\\nIn 1 85 I voted not to send.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt, 1852.\\nRoyal Joyslin, 1853.\\nJacob Benton, 1854.\\nJacob Benton, Edmund Brown, 1855-56.\\nJohn M. Whipple, Jacob E. Stickney, 1857-58.\\nGeorge C. Williams, Seth Savage, 1859-60.\\nIn 1 86 1 voted not to send.\\nMoody P. Marshall, Henry O. Kent, 1862.\\nMoody P. Marshall, Samuel H. LeGro, 1863.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, James D. Folsom, 1864.\\nWilliam F. Smith, Edward Spaulding, 1865.\\nIn 1866 voted not to send.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, Charles Plaisted, 1867.\\nHenry O. Kent, Ossian Ray, i868- 69.\\nIn 1870 voted not to send.\\nBenjamin F. Hunking, James LeGro, 1871.\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Lancaster was a classed town from 1775 to 1S17, after which the town had its own\\nrepresentatives.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0618.jp2"}, "619": {"fulltext": "THE CIVIL LIST OF LANCASTER.\\n537\\nJohn W. Spaulding, Seneca B. Congdon, 1872-73.\\nGeorge S. Stockwell, Edward Savage, 1874.\\nJohn E. Dimick, James McCarten, 1875-76.\\nGeorge S. Stockwell, Francis Kellum, 1877\u00e2\u0080\u0094 79.\\nJared I. Williams, William Clough, 1879-80.*\\nChester B. Jordan, James Monahan, i88i- 82.\\nHenry O. Kent, William S. Ladd, 1882-84.\\nFrank Smith, Matthew Monahan, 1884-86.\\nCharles A. Cleaveland, Robert McCarten, 1886-88.\\nJohn M. Clark, Matthew Smith, 1888-90.\\nJoseph D. Howe, George Farnham, Patrick Small, i890- 92.\\nAlexander M. Beattie, WilHe E. Bullard, Gilbert A. Marshall,\\n1892-94.\\nWilliam R. Stockwell, John L. Moore, James W. Truland, 1894-\\n95-\\nGeorge W. Lane, George A. Hartford, James A. Monahan,\\n1896-98.\\nCounty Coroners.\\nW. Rosebrook, 1806.\\nBenjamin Boardman, 1817.\\nWilliam Farrar, 1818.\\nEphraim H. Mahurin, 18 18.\\nBenjamin Boardman, i8i 8.\\nReuben Stephenson, 1828.\\nBenjamin Boardman, 1828.\\nReuben Stephenson, 1836.\\nBenjamin Stephenson, 1840.\\nReuben Stephenson, 1841.\\nBenjamin Stephenson, 1843.\\nOliver G. Stephenson, 1852.\\nAmos LeGro, 1852.\\nOliver G. Stephenson, 1857.\\nAnderson J. Marshall, 1859.\\nIra S. M. Gove, 1865.\\nE. V. Cobleigh, 1884-91.\\nCharles E. Allen, 1891-96.\\nE. V. Cobleigh, 1896.\\nJ. M. Dennison, 1807.\\nA. W. Burnap, 1808.\\nOrrace Wallace, 181 1.\\nJonathan Carleton.\\nReuben Stephenson, 18 14\\nE. H. Mahurin, 1818.\\nNoyes Dennison, 1820.\\nWilliam Dennison, 1822.\\nReuben Stephenson, 1825\\nFrancis Wilson, 1826.\\nCharles Bellows, 1826.\\nJohn H. Willard, 1830.\\nDeputy Sheriffs.\\nThomas Carlisle, 1831.\\nBenjamin Stephenson, 1834.\\nJohn Dean, 1836.\\nWilliam Cargill, 1838.\\nEphraim Cross, 1838.\\nReuben Stephenson, 1839.\\nNoyes Dennison, 1840.\\nEphraim Cross, 1840.\\nReuben Stephenson, 1840.\\nBenjamin H. Chadborne, 1844.\\nReuben Stephenson, 1847.\\nEphraim Cross, 1850.\\n*Under the amended constitution the election of representatives occurs biennially,\\nand offices hold for two years since 1878.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0619.jp2"}, "620": {"fulltext": "538\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJames H. Hall, 185 i.\\nOliver G. Stephenson, 1851.\\nEphraim Cross, 1854.\\nW. S. Clark, 1857.\\nSeth Adams, 1859.\\nWilliam Cargill, 1859.\\nIra S. M. Gove, 1863.\\nJoseph S. Green, 1864.\\nCharles F. Colby, 1866.\\nEnoch L. Colby, 1867.\\nWilliam W. Lindsey, 1870.\\nGeorge S. Stockwell, 1872.\\nWilliam W. Lindsey, 1873.\\nLeroy S. Stalbird, 1873.\\nFreedom M. Rhodes, 1875.\\nBenjamin F. Hunking, 1875.\\nLeroy S. Stalbird, 1877.\\nGeorge M. Stevens, 1877.\\nGeorge M. Stevens, 1882.\\nRichard Fletcher, 1886.\\nGeorge M. Stevens, 1886.\\nRichard Fletcher, 1887.\\nGeo. M. Stevens, 1887; 1892-93,\\nEdgar Ingerson, 1893-\\nModerators.\\nCapt. Thomas Burnside, 1769.*\\nDavid Cross, 1773.\\nDavid Page, 1774-79.\\nJonas Wilder, 1780-82.\\nDavid Page, 1783.\\nJonas Wilder, 1784.\\nEmmons Stockwell, 1785.\\nDavid G. Mason, 1786.\\nJonas Wilder, 1787-88.\\nJohn Weeks, 1789.\\nJonas Wilder, 1790-92.\\nJohn Weeks, 1793-99.\\nJonas Baker, 1800.\\nJohn Weeks, 1801-02.\\nBryant Stephenson, 1803.\\nCapt. John W. Weeks, 1804-05.\\nRichard C. Everett, 1806.\\nStephen Wilson, 1807.\\nRichard C. Everett, 1808.\\nBryant Stephenson, i8o9- io.\\nStephen Wilson, 181 1.\\nWilliam Lovejoy, 18 12.\\nRichard C. Everett, 18 13.\\nStephen Wilson, 18 14.\\nRichard Eastman, 18 15.\\nAdino N. Brackett, 18 16- 18.\\nJohn W. Weeks, 1819-20.\\nAdino N. Brackett, 1821.\\nJohn W. Weeks, 1822.\\nEliphalet Lyman, 1823.\\nJohn W. Weeks, i824- 2 5.\\nAdino N. Brackett, 1826.\\nEliphalet Lyman, 1827-28.\\nJohn W. Weeks, 1829.\\nRichard Eastman, 1830-31.\\nJohn W. Weeks, 1832-34.\\nRichard Eastman, i835- 36.\\nEliphalet Lyman, 1837.\\nRichard Eastman, 1838.\\nJared W. Williams, 1839.\\nJohn H. White, 1840-41.\\nJared W. Williams, 1842.\\nGen. Ira Young, 1843-44.\\nJohn H.White, 1845.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt, i846- 49.\\nJames W. Weeks, 1850.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt, i85i- 52.\\nJacob Benton, 1833-56.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, 1857-58.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1859.\\nJacob Benton, i860.\\nGeorge C. Williams, 1861-62.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1863-65.\\nBenjamin F. Whidden, 1866.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1867.\\nJacob Benton, 1868.\\nThe Proprietors Records being lost from 1765 to 1769, it is not possible to give the\\nnames of the moderators during that period.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0620.jp2"}, "621": {"fulltext": "-7\\nTHE CIVIL LIST OF LANCASTER.\\n539\\nHenry O. Kent, 1869-72.\\nChester B. Jordan, 1872-73.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1 874-75\\nChester B. Jordan, 1876.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1877-80.\\nChester B. Jordan, 1881.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1883-85.\\nIrving W. Drew, 1886-88.\\nChester B. Jordan, 1889-90.\\nHenry O. Kent, 1891-94.\\nWiUiam P. Buckley, 1895-\\nTozun Clerks.\\nEdwards Bucknam, 1769\u00e2\u0080\u0094 89.\\nSamuel Johnson, 1790.\\nJonas Baker, 1791-96.\\nIsaac Chaffee, 1796-1800.\\nWilliam Lovejoy, 1801-07.\\nBriant Stephenson, i8o8- o9.\\nWilliam Lovejoy, 1809-16.\\nJohn Wilson, 18 17.\\nWilliam Lovejoy, i8i8- 2 2.\\nJohn Wilson, 1823-25.\\nGeorge Wait Perkins, i826- 27\\nTurner Stephenson, 1828.\\nThomas Carlisle, 1829\u00e2\u0080\u009431.\\nThomas Dennison, 1832-36.\\nJohn W. Lovejoy, 1837.\\nReuben L. Adams, i837- 45.\\nJohn S. Roby, 1845-49.\\nReuben L. Adams, 1849-57.\\nDavid B. Allison, 1857-59.\\nReuben L. Adams, 1859-64.\\nCharles E. Allen, 1864-66.\\nEdward Savage, 1866-76.\\nCharles E. Mclntire, 1877.\\nJohn G. Crawford, 1^78.\\nGeorge H. Emerson, 1879.\\nCharles E. Mclntire, 1879-81.\\nCharles B. Allen, 1881.\\nCharles E. Mclntire, 1882-86.\\nCharles B. Allen, 1887-88.\\nRolHn J. Brown, 1889-.\\nSelectmen.\\n1769. David Page, Abner Osgood, George Wheeler, Emmons\\nStockwell, Edwards Bucknam.\\n1770. David Page, Edwards Bucknam, Emmons Stockwell.\\n1 77 1. David Page, Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam.\\n1772. David Page, Emmons Stockwell, David Cross.\\n1773. David Page, Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam.\\n1774. David Page, David Cross, David Page, Jr.\\n1775. David Page, Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam.\\n1776. David Page, Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam.\\n1777. Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam, Moses Page.\\n1778. Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam, David Page, Jr.\\n1779. Jonas Wilder, Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam.\\n1780. Edwards Bucknam, Jonas Wilder. Emmons Stockwell.\\n1781. Jonas Wilder, Edwards Bucknam, Emmons Stockwell.\\n1782. Jonas Wilder, Edwards Bucknam, Emmons Stockwell.\\n1783. Edwards Bucknam, Jonas Wilder, Emmons Stockwell.\\n1784. Jonas Wilder, Edwards Bucknam, Emmons Stockwell.\\n1785. Edwards Bucknam, Jonas Wilder, David Page.\\n1786. Edwards Bucknam, David Page, Emmons Stockwell.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0621.jp2"}, "622": {"fulltext": "540 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n1787. Edwards Bucknam, Jonas Wilder, Samuel Johnson.\\n1788. Jonas Wilder, Edwards Bucknam, Emmons Stockwell,\\nSamuel Johnson, Jonas Baker.\\n1789. Edwards Bucknam, John Weeks, Jonas Wilder.\\n1790. Edwards Bucknam, Emmons Stockwell, Francis Wilson.\\n791. Emmons Stockwell, Edwards Bucknam, Francis Wilson.\\n792. Emmons Stockwell, John Weeks, Jeremiah W^ilcox.\\n793. John Weeks, Jonathan Cram, Jeremiah Wilcox.\\n794. Jonathan Cram, John Rosebrook, Titus O. Brown.\\n795. John Rosebrook, David Page, Dennis Stanley.\\n796. John Rosebrook, David Page, Dennis Stanley.\\n797. Richard C. Everett, Titus O. Brown, Nathaniel White.\\n798. Stephen Wilson, Nathaniel White, Titus O. Brown.\\n799. Stephen Wilson, Nathaniel White, Titus O. Brown.\\n800. David Page, Joseph Wilder, Levi Willard.\\n801. David Page, Benjamin Twombley, Jr., William Bruce.\\n802. William Bruce, Adino N. Brackett, Sylvanus Chessman.\\n803. Adino N. Brackett, Elias Chapman, Levi Willard.\\n804. Adino N. Brackett, Richard Eastman, Elias Chapman.\\n805. Adino N. Brackett, Richard Eastman, Elias Chapman.\\n806. Adino N. Brackett, Richard Eastman, Nathaniel White.\\n807. Adino N. Brackett, Nathaniel White, Richard Eastman.\\n808. Adino N. Brackett, John W. Weeks, Benjamin Boardman.\\n809. Adino N. Brackett, Richard Eastman, Jonas Baker.\\n810. Richard Eastman, John W. Weeks, Uriel Rosebrook.\\n811. Richard Eastman, John W. Weeks.\\n812. Richard Eastman, Ebenezer Twombly, Stephen Wilson.\\n-813. Richard Eastman, Benjamin Boardman, Reuben W. Freeman.\\n8\u00c2\u00ab4. Stephen Wilson, Abiel Lovejoy, Richard Eastman.\\n815. Adino N. Brackett, Abiel Lovejoy, Richard Eastman.\\n:8i6. Richard Eastman, William Lovejoy, John Aspenwall.\\n817. Adino N. Brackett, John W. Weeks, William Lovejoy.\\n818. Adino N. Brackett, John W. Weeks, William Lovejoy.\\n819. Adino N. Brackett, Richard Eastman, John W. Weeks.\\n820. Adino N. Brackett, John W. Weeks, Richard Eastman.\\n821. Richard Eastman, Sylvanus Chessman, Joel Hemmenway.\\n822. Richard Eastman, John W. Weeks, Joel Hemmenway.\\n823. John W. Weeks, William Lovejoy, Joel Hemmenway.\\n824. John W. Weeks, William Lovejoy, Nathaniel Goss.\\n825. John W. Weeks, Nathaniel Goss, Samuel White.\\n826. Richard Eastman, Ephraim Cross, Nathaniel Goss.\\n827. Nathaniel Goss, John H. White, Ephraim Cross.\\n828. William Lovejoy, Edward B. Spaulding, Benjamin Stephen-\\nson.\\n1829. Ephraim Cross, Richard Eastman, John H. White.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0622.jp2"}, "623": {"fulltext": "THE CIVIL LIST OF LANCASTER. 541\\n830. John H. White, Reuben Stephenson, James B. Weeks.\\n831. Richard Eastman, Reuben Stephenson, Ephraim Cross.\\n832. Reuben Stephenson, Amos LeGro, John Smith.\\n833. John H. White, Adino N. Brackett, Richard Eastman.\\n834. John W. Weeks, Abiel Lovejoy, Reuben Stephenson.\\n835. Reuben Stephenson, John H. White, EHjah D. Twombley.\\n836. Reuben Stephenson, EHjah Twombley, Harvey Adams.\\n837. Solomon Hemmenway, Reuben Stephenson, Harvey Adams.\\n838. John H. White, Harvey Adams, William Holkins.\\n839. Reuben Stephenson, Harvey Adams, Barton G. Towne.\\n840. Reuben Stephenson, William D. Spaulding, Barton G. Towne.\\n841. William D. Spaulding, Barton G. Towne, Richard Eastman.\\n842. Reuben Stephenson, William Lovejoy, William Holkins.\\n843. Reuben Stephenson, John W. Hodgdon, William Lovejoy.\\n844. Adino N. Brackett, Samuel Mclntire, John W. Hodgdon.\\n845. Barton G. Towne, Samuel Mclntire, James W. Weeks.\\n846. Reuben Stephenson, James Marden, Edward B. Mclntire.\\n847. Reuben Stephenson, James Marden, Edward B. Mclntire.\\n848. James W. VVeeks, Edward B. Mclntire, Barton G. Towne.\\n849. Reuben L. Adams. William R. Stockwell, James Mclntire.\\n850. John H. White, John W. Hodgdon, Joseph B. Moore.\\n851. George Alexander, William R. Stockwell, Joseph B. Moore.\\n852. Seth Sav^age, Silas Mclntire, Hiram Twitchell.\\n853. Seth Savage, William S. Clark, John W^ Hodgdon.\\n854. Seth Savage, James LeGro, William S. Clark (until August),\\nWilliam R. Stockwell (from August 26).\\n855. Seth Savage, James LeGro, Seth Adams.\\n:-856. Charles Plaisted, William A. White, Seth Adams.\\n857. Charles Plaisted, William A. White, Fenner M. Rhodes.\\n858. Fenner M. Rhodes, William D. Weeks, Hiram Savage.\\n859. William D. Weeks, Hiram Savage, Samuel H. LeGro.\\n860. Samuel H. LeGro, William F. Smith, Charles B. Allen.\\n861. William F. Smith, Charles B. Allen, James W. Weeks.\\n862. Samuel H. LeGro, Edward Spaulding, Horace F. Holton.\\n863. Edward Spaulding, Horace F. Holton, Horace Whitcomb.\\n864. Seth Savage, Joseph B. Moore, Fielding Smith.\\n865. Samuel H. LeGro, Jason W. Savage, Charles B. Allen.\\n866. Samuel H. LeGro, James W. Weeks, Charles B. Allen.\\n867. Samuel H. LeGro, James W. Weeks, Charles B. Allen.\\n868. Samuel H. LeGro, Charles B. Allen, Jason W. Savage.\\n869. Samuel H. LeGro, James W. Weeks, Charles B. Allen.\\n870. Samuel H. LeGro, James W. Weeks, Hiram Savage.\\n871. Samuel H. LeGro, James W. Weeks, Hiram Savage.\\n872. Seth Savage, Charles S. Hodgdon, William J. Harriman.\\n873. Seth Savage, Barton G. Towne, Edward Emerson.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0623.jp2"}, "624": {"fulltext": "542 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n874\\n876\\n877\\n878\\n879\\n880\\n881\\n883\\n884\\n885\\n886\\n887\\n888\\n889\\n890\\n891\\n892\\n893\\n894\\n895\\n896\\n897\\n898\\nWilliam Clough, Francis Kellum, Edward Emerson.\\nSeth Savage, Barton G. Tovvne, Philip Hartley.\\nSeth Savage, Philip Hartley, Thomas S. Ellis.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, Roswell W. Chessman, John Daley.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, Roswell W. Chessman, John Daley.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, Roswell W. Chessman, John Daley.\\nRoswell W. Chessman, Edward Spaulding, Isaac W. Hop-\\nkinson.\\nEdward Spaulding, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Sylvanus R.\\nChessman.\\nEdward Spaulding, Erastus V. Cobleigh, Jonas Powers.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, John M. Clark, Daniel Truland.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, John M. Clark, Daniel Truland.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, James Bain, Charles C. Noyes.\\nSamuel H. Legro, James Bain, Charles C. Noyes.\\nEdward Spaulding, H. J. Guernsey, Willie E. Bullard.\\nFrank Smith, Joseph D. Howe, Thomas C. Sheridan.\\nEdward Spaulding, Henry S. Hilliard, Jonas Powers.\\nEdward Spaulding, Jonas Powers, Richard H. Chessman.\\nCharles A. Cleaveland, Thomas S. Ellis, Alvin J. Clark.\\nEdward Spaulding, Henry S. Webb, George A. Cummings.\\nJoseph D. Howe, Loring B. Porter, William R. Stockwell.\\nRichard H. Chessman, William H. Hartley, Thomas S. Ellis.\\nRichard H. Chessman (until June), William H. Hartley,\\nThomas S. Ellis, Willie E. Bullard (from June).\\nWilliam H. Hartley, Joseph D. Howe, Gilbert A. Marshall.\\nEdward Spaulding, Gilbert A. Marshall, Fred S. Linscott.\\nGeorge M. Amadon, Frank Smith, Fred S. Linscott.\\nPostmaslers\\nStephen Wilson, Jr., 1803-08.\\nAbraham Hinds, 1808-12.\\nSamuel A. Pearson, 1812-29.\\nBenjamin Hunking, 1829-42.\\nReuben L. Adams, 1842-50.\\nRobert Sawyer, 1850-53.\\nHarvey Adams, 1853-58.\\nJames A. Smith, 1858-61.\\nRoyal Joyslin, 1861-66.\\nOliver Nutter, 1866-73.\\nJohn W. Spaulding, 1873-78.\\nCharles E. Allen, 1878-87.\\nCharles E. Mclntire, 1887-91.\\nErastus V. Cobleigh, 1891-95.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0624.jp2"}, "625": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER. 543\\nJohn T. Amey, 1895-97.\\nFielding Smith, 1897-.\\nWilHam G. EUis, Grange Village P. O., 1887-.\\nEdward A. Steele, South Lancaster P. O., 1891-96.\\nThomas Sweetser, South Lancaster P. O., 1896-.\\nCHAPTER XVIL\\nTHE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER.\\nBy Col. Henry O. Kent.\\nIt is not within the province of this chapter to gather the names\\nof all residents of the town who have served the state in the recur-\\nring wars of the country, or who have been enrolled in the militia.\\nFrontier scouts or rangers and soldiers of the old French War\\nwere among her first settlers. Officers and soldiers of the War of\\nthe Revolution early gave force and character to her citizenship.\\nCitizens of Lancaster served with distinction in the War with Great\\nBritain, in the second decade of the present century, others were\\nengaged in maintaining the authority of the state during the trou-\\nbles at Indian Stream, and others enlisted in the gallant regiment\\nthat Pierce led and Ransom commanded in the War with Mexico.\\nDuring the war for the preservation of the Union the town con-\\ntributed freely of her people and her treasure to maintain the\\nnation s life, and during all the years reaching back to the earliest\\nsettlement an enrolled, and most of the time an active, militia fur-\\nnished the reserve from which officers and men were drawn for ser-\\nvice on the battle-fields of the country or for duty at home.\\nIt is manifestly impossible to compile a list of all the soldiers of\\nthe town in the state s service during that long period when all\\nable-bodied citizens between the ages of eighteen and forty-five\\nwere enrolled and mustered for regular duty, because such a roster\\nwould, in its entirety, comprehend nearly the entire male popula-\\ntion.\\nIt has been decided, however, to collect in this connection the\\nnames of all citizens of Lancaster who have borne commissions in\\nthe federal or state military service, and to publish entire the list of\\nall who served for the town in the great contest of 1 861\u00e2\u0080\u0094 65, with\\nnames of others in actual service in other wars.\\nThe rolls of the adjutant-general s office at Concord are not com-\\nplete, but they have been carefully examined, and such information\\nas they furnish is here presented.\\nThe state was early divided into territory assigned to each regi-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0625.jp2"}, "626": {"fulltext": "544 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nment, and as the population increased this territory was in many\\ninstances restricted, while the number of the regiments gradually\\nincreased until, when the old establishment was at its height, about\\n1850, there were forty-two regiments; that in the territory corre-\\nsponding nearly to the southern judicial district of Coos county\\nbeing the Forty-second a single command, the Twenty-fourth,\\nprior to this division comprising the entire county as at present\\nconstituted, and Jackson and Bartlett in the county of Carroll, then\\npart of the county of Coos.\\nFor very many years there was an artillery company in each\\nregiment; one always at Lancaster, and after the division, one at\\nStewartstown, in the Twenty-fourth. The original Lancaster com-\\npany had a light 3-pound brass cannon, without limber or caisson,\\nmanipulated by drag ropes attached to hooks at the ends of the\\nwooden axle. The later guns were brass 6-pounders, with limber,\\nmanaged in the modern way with horses and handled by bricoles.\\nThey were sent away during the days of the war to be rifled and\\nrecast, or turned in toward the procurement of the equipment of the\\nFirst New Hampshire light battery.\\nThere were at times a cavalry company and several independent\\nor light infantry companies. Lancaster has had at one time, under\\nthe old regime, an artillery company, an independent company,\\nand the old line company, or, as it was sometimes most disrespect-\\nfully called in the days of its decadence, the floodwood.\\nPerhaps the crack light infantry company of the county was the\\nJefferson Guards, a company of splendid physique, striking in white\\npants, with black leggings, black plumes, and bearing a white silk\\nbanner on which was a life-sized bust portrait of Thomas Jefferson.\\nOf course the command was from the town of Jefferson.\\nBut again a digression is checked. This chapter is not a history\\nof the old militia or a description of its musters. It will not breathe\\nof the shrill fifes or rattling drums, as heading the companies from\\nStark, or Carrol, or Dalton, or Jefferson, which streamed into Lan-\\ncaster before light of a muster morning, they told of The White\\nCockade, The Road to Boston, or Boney over the Alps but\\nmerely present a chronological record of the men who bore com-\\nmissions and who served the country in her later wars and so the\\nAssembly is ended and the Roll-Call begins:\\nGovernor and Captain-General.\\nJared Warner Williams, June 3, 1847. June, 1848.\\nMajor-Generals.\\nJohn Wilson, Second division, June 15, 1824.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0626.jp2"}, "627": {"fulltext": "the soldiers of lancaster. 545\\nBrigadier-Generals.\\nEdwards Bucknam, Sixth brigade, 1800.\\nJohn Wilson, Sixth brigade, June 29, 1822.\\nIra Young, Sixth brigade, June 16, 1836.\\nJacob Benton, Sixth brigade, June, 1857.\\nStaff Officers.\\nRichard C. Everett, inspector and brigade major Sixth brigade,\\n1800.\\nCharles J. Stuart, brigade inspector Sixth brigade, Aug. 10, 1822.\\nJared W. Williams, brigade inspector Sixth brigade, Gen. Lewis\\nLoomis, Sept. 21, 1823.\\nWilliam Cargill, aid to Gen. George P. Meserve, Sixth brigade, Aug.\\n9, 1824.\\nJared W. Williams, division inspector to Maj.-Gen. Geo. P. Meserve,\\nJuly 16, 1825.\\nIra Young, division inspector to Maj.-Gen. Jonathan Poole, April\\n19, 1826.\\nTurner Stephenson, quartermaster Sixth brigade, Gen. John Wilson,\\nAug. 10, 1822.\\nDavid Burnside, quartermaster Sixth brigade, Aug. 9, 1824.\\nJared VV. Williams, aid to Brigadier-General Wilson, Sixth brigade,\\nAug. 10, 1822.\\nHiram A. Fletcher, judge advocate Eighth brigade, 1850.\\nMark R. Woodbury, aid to Brig. -Gen. Moses Cook, Sept. 25, 1834.\\nOn Governor s Staff.\\nAlbro L. Robinson, aid to General Gilman, Aug. 17, 1839.\\nCharles B. Allen, aid to General Gilman, Aug. 3, 1840.\\nCol. John S. Wells, aid to Gov. John Page, July 4, 1839.\\nHenry O. Kent, colonel and division inspector, Maj.-Gen. Nelson\\nConverse, June, 1857.\\nIra S. M. Gove, brigade major Sixth brigade, June, 1857.\\nLevi B. Joyslin, aid Sixth brigade, June, 1857.\\nCol. William Burns, aid to Governor Williams, June 21, 1847.\\nCol. George C.Williams, aid to Governor Dinsmore, June 15, 1849.\\nCol. Edmund Brown, aid to Governor Metcalf, June 20, 1855.\\nCol. Chester B. Jordan, aid to Governor Straw, June 6, 1872.\\nCol. Edward R. Kent, aid to Governor Weston, June 19, 1874.\\nCol. Ossian Ray, aid to Governor Prescott, June 7, 1877.\\nBrig. -Gen. Ezra Mitchell, aid to Governor Bell, June 23, 1881.\\nBrig. -Gen. Everett Fletcher, aid to Governor Hale, June 26, 1883.\\nBrig. -Gen. Philip Carpenter, aid to Governor Currier, June 17, 1885.\\n35", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0627.jp2"}, "628": {"fulltext": "546 history of lancaster.\\nTwenty-Fifth Regiment.\\nCol. Joseph Whipple of Dartmouth (Jefferson), commanding.\\nEdwards Bucknam, lieutenant-colonel, 1787.\\nTwenty-Fourth Regiment.\\nfield.\\nEdwards Bucknam, lieutenant-colonel commanding, Dec. 28, 179-\\nEdwards Bucknam, colonel, 1797.\\nNathan Barlow, lieutenant-colonel commanding, June 9, 1801.\\nRichard Clair Everett, major First battalion, 1802.\\nHopestill Jennison, major Second battalion, 1802.\\nRichard Clair Everett, lieutenant-colonel, 1805.\\nStephen Wilson, major, 1805.\\nStephen Wilson, lieutenant-colonel commanding, 1812.\\nSylvanus Chessman, major, 18 12.\\nJohn Wilson, colonel, 18 18.\\nJohn H. White, colonel, June 18, 1825.\\nEphraim Cross, colonel, June 21, 1832.\\nIra Young, colonel, June 25, 1833.\\nJonathan W. Willard, lieutenant-colonel, July 8, 1826.\\nEphraim Cross, lieutenant-colonel, June 22, 1821.\\nJohn M. Denison, lieutenant-colonel, June 9, 18 16.\\nJohn W^ilson, lieutenant-colonel, June 19, 18 17.\\nJohn M. Denison, colonel, June 19, 181 7.\\nJonathan W. Willard, colonel, June 26, 1827.\\nJohn M. Denison, major, June 14, 18 14.\\nSylvanus Chessman, major, 1812.\\nJoel Hemenway, major, June 23, 18 19.\\nJohn H. White, major, June 15, 1824.\\nJonathan W. Willard, major, June 18, 1825.\\nIra Young, major, June 21, 1832.\\nSTAFF.\\nJohn H. White, adjutant, June 22, 1820.\\nCharles Baker, adjutant, July 9, 1824.\\nCharles A. Going, adjutant, June 23, 1826.\\nEphraim Cross, adjutant, July 22, 1829.\\nJoseph C. Cady, adjutant, June 22, 1831.\\nGeorge W. Perkins, adjutant, June 3, 18 14.\\nWilliam Denison, adjutant, July 3, 1818.\\nRichard Eastman, quartermaster, June 11, 1811.\\nNoyes Denison, quartermaster, Dec. 24, 1816.\\nJohn W. Hodgdon, quartermaster, Nov. 10, 1827.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0628.jp2"}, "629": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER. 54/\\nGeorge Bellows, quartermaster, July 22, 1829.\\nWilliam T. Carlisle, quartermaster, Aug. 23, 1838.\\nEdwards Bucknam, paymaster, Dec. 9, 18 16.\\nWilliam Holkins, paymaster, July 9, 1824.\\nBenj. H. Chadbourne, paymaster, Aug. 15, 1837.\\nEliphalet Lyman, surgeon, June 9, 1813.\\nJacob E. Stickney, surgeon, Dec. 21, 1836.\\nGeorge T. Dexter, surgeon s mate, Dec. 8, 1838.\\nJames R. Wheelock, chaplain, July 9, 1824.\\nOrange Scott, chaplain, July 5, 1827.\\nHaskell Wheelock, chaplain, July 22, 1829.\\nLINE.\\nCavab y.\\nThomas Carlisle, captain, June 9, 1813.\\nCharles Hilliard, captain, Dec. 9, 18 19.\\nJesse Carr, lieutenant, June 7, 18 13.\\nJames Dewey, lieutenant, Dec. 9, 1816.\\nStephen Wilson, lieutenant, Aug. 9, 18 14.\\nSamuel Bundy, lieutenant, June 9, 1813.\\nJohn Lucas, lieutenant, July 15, 1820.\\nWilliam Mitchell, cornet, June 3, 18 14.\\nArt i Her y.\\nJohn Wilson, 3d, captain, June 13, 1820.\\nEdwin F. Eastman, captain, Dec. 24, 1836.\\nSeth Adams, captain, April 21, 1837.\\nJohn Mason, captain, April 5, 1838.\\nJosiah G. Hobart, captain, Aug. 8, 1828.\\nWilliam W. Chapman, captain, July 22, 1829.\\nJabez D. Philbrook, captain, March 3, 1831.\\nErastus Woodward, captain, July i, 1834.\\nJohn W. Spaulding, lieutenant, June 13, 1820.\\nFred G. Messer, lieutenant, Aug. 8, 1824.\\nJabez D. Philbrook, lieutenant, July 22, 1829.\\nJoseph C. Cady, lieutenant, March 2, 183 1.\\nErastus Woodward, lieutenant, Aug. 11, 1831.\\nSeth Adams, lieutenant, July i, 1834.\\nCaleb Walker, lieutenant, June 24, 1837.\\nEphraim Cross, lieutenant, June 13, 1820.\\nHezekiah M. Smith, lieutenant, Aug. 8, 1825.\\nHarry Hobart, lieutenant, July, 1828.\\nJoseph C. Cady, lieutenant, July 22, 1829.\\nErastus Woodward, lieutenant, March 2, 183 i.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0629.jp2"}, "630": {"fulltext": "548 HISTORY OF LANCASTER,\\nSeth Adams, lieutenant, Aug. ii, 1831.\\nElijah D. Twonibly, lieutenant, July i, 1834.\\nJohn Mason, lieutenant, Dec. 21, 1836.\\nJoseph Greenleaf, lieutenant, April 5, 1838.\\nPrescott Lovejoy, lieutenant, Feb. 17, 1840.\\nFIRST COMPANY.\\nLight Itifaniry.\\nSamuel White, captain, Dec. 9, 1824.\\nAbel Leavins, Jr., captain, Aug. 10, 1827.\\nJoseph Chessman, captain, March 2, 1831.\\nDaniel W. Allen, captain, Dec. 21, 1836.\\nGeorge W. Perkins, lieutenant. Dec. 9, 1824.\\nBenjamin Stanley, lieutenant, July 18, 1828.\\nSeth Savage, lieutenant, Dec. 21, 1836.\\nAbel Leavins, Jr., lieutenant, Aug. 8, 1825.\\nOliver W. Baker, lieutenant, March 2, 1831.\\nOren Mason, lieutenant, Dec. 21, 1836.\\nInfantry.\\nJohn Wilson, captain, June 3, 18 14.\\nJoel Hemmenway, captain, Sept. i, 1817.\\nWilliam Stanley, captain, Aug. 9, 18 19.\\nJonathan W. Willard, captain, June 17, 1820.\\nAdna Crandall, captain, Aug. 8, 1825.\\nGreenleaf C. Philbrook, captain, June 24, 1828.\\nLevi F. Ranlet, captain, April 26, 1830.\\nHarvey Adams, captain, June 14, 1832.\\nJoseph Brackett Moore, captain, March 23, 1835,\\nDaniel W. Allen, captain, Dec. 21, 1836.\\nWilliam D. Weeks, captain, April 25, 1839.\\nJoel Hemmenway, lieutenant, June 3, 18 14.\\nSamuel White, lieutenant, June 3, 18 14.\\nBailey Denison, lieutenant, Sept. r, 18 17.\\nJonathan W. Willard, lieutenant, Aug. 9, 18 19.\\nCharles Baker, lieutenant, June 17, 1820.\\nWilliam Moore, 2d lieutenant, June 17, 1820.\\nAdna Crandall, lieutenant, May 31, 1824.\\nGreenleaf C. Philbrook, lieutenant, Aug. 8, 1825.\\nJohn C. Moore, 2d lieutenant, Aug. 8, 1825.\\nJohn C. Moore, ist lieutenant, June 23, 1828.\\nLevi F. Ranlet, lieutenant, June 23, 1828.\\nHarvey Adams, lieutenant, April 26, 1830.\\nWilliam D. Weeks, lieutenant, June 21, 183 1.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0630.jp2"}, "631": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER. 549\\nJoseph B. Moore, lieutenant, June 13, 1832.\\nSeth Savage, 2d lieutenant, March 23, 1835.\\nSeth Savage, ist lieutenant, Dec. 21, 1836.\\nDaniel W. Allen, lieutenant, March 23, 1835.\\nOren Mason, lieutenant, Dec. 21, 1838.\\nEdward F. Bucknam, lieu4:enant, April 25, 1839.\\nJohn Sargent, lieutenant, April 25, 1839.\\nForty-Second Regiment.\\nOrganized, as before stated, from the division of the Twenty-Fourth\\nregiment, in 1840.\\nThe last Regimental Muster was holden Saturday, Sept. 22, 1849,\\non Burnside s Field on the Sand Hill the land now embraced\\nby Pleasant Street, and its abutting properties. James H. Hall was\\ncolonel, Horace Whitcomb, lieutenant-colonel, and Orville E. Free-\\nman, major. July 12, 1850, all parades, save of independent vol-\\nunteer companies, were abolished. The muster of 1848 was on\\nBaker Hill, where Winter street now is. In September, 1847, was\\nan Of^cers Drill of three days, on Cady s meadow, Gustave\\nA. Breaux, a Norwich cadet, still living in New Orleans, being the\\ninstructor.\\nFIELD.\\nJohn S. Wells, colonel, June 22, 1840.\\nJames W. Weeks, colonel, July 6, 1846.\\nJames H. Hall, colonel, June 30, 1849.\\nHorace Whitcomb, colonel, Jan. 8, 1853.\\nJoseph W. Merriam, colonel, March 30, 1855.\\nOrville E. Freeman, colonel, March 20, 1857.\\nWilliam D. Weeks, lieutenant-colonel, June 20, 1844.\\nErastus I. Abbott, lieutenant-colonel, June 22, 1848.\\nJames H. Hall, lieutenant-colonel. May 24, 1849.\\nHorace Whitcomb, lieutenant-colonel, Aug. 21, 1849.\\nJoseph W. Merriam, lieutenant-colonel, Jan. 8, 1853.\\nOrville E. Freeman, lieutenant-colonel, March 30, 1855.\\nHenry O. Kent, lieutenant-colonel, March 20, 1857.\\nWilliam D. Weeks, major, Dec. 7, 1840.\\nJames W. Weeks, major, Dec. 20, 1845.\\nJames H. Hall, major, Aug. 5, 1848.\\nJason F. Nutter, major, June 3, 1849.\\nOrville E. Freeman, major, Aug. 31, 1849.\\nCharles E. Connor, major, March 30, 1855.\\nHenry O. Kent, major, Dec. i, 1855.\\nHenry J. Whitcomb, major, March 30, 1857.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0631.jp2"}, "632": {"fulltext": "550 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nGeorge A. Cossitt, adjutant, Oct. 2, 1841.\\nWilliam A. White, adjutant, March 8, 1844.\\nJohn M. Whipple, adjutant, Aug. 5, 1848.\\nJoseph W. Merriam, adjutant, Aug. 3, 1849.\\nHenry J. Whitcomb, adjutant, April 18, 1853.\\nJared I. Williams, adjutant, April 9, 1857.\\nJames H. Hall, quartermaster, Sept. 4, 1847.\\nJames Spaulding, quartermaster, Aug. 3, 1849.\\nPaschal M. Hovey, quartermaster, April 18, 1853.\\nRobert Sawyer, paymaster, July 8, 1844.\\nDavid A. Burnside, paymaster, Sept. 14, 1848.\\nJacob E. Stickney, surgeon, Oct. 2, 1840.\\nGeorge T. Dexter, surgeon, March 20, 1843.\\nJohn W. Barney, surgeon, March 30, 1844.\\nHenry Hill, chaplain, Aug. 3, 1849.\\nLINE.\\nArtillery.\\nPrescott Lovejoy, captain, March 4, 1841.\\nJohn Mason, captain, July 25, 1844.\\nJohn Weeks, captain, Nov. 20, 1844.\\nErastus I. Abbott, captain, April 25, 1846.\\nJason F. Nutter, captain, Sept. 4, 1848.\\nJohn M. Lindsey, captain, April 29, 185 i.\\nJoseph H. Balch, lieutenant, Aug. 28, 1841.\\nJohn Weeks, lieutenant, July 25, 1844.\\nErastus I. Abbott, lieutenant, Nov. 20, 1844.\\nJason F. Nutter, lieutenant, April 25, 1846.\\nJohn M. Lindsey, lieutenant, Aug. 31, 1849.\\nMark Reed, lieutenant, April 30, 1850.\\nGeorge F. Stone, lieutenant, April 29, 185 I.\\nJohn M. Smith, lieutenant, Aug. 28, 1841.\\nBenj. H. Darby, lieutenant, Nov. 20, 1844.\\nOrville E. Freeman, lieutenant, April 28, 1847.\\nM. D. L. F. Smith, lieutenant, Aug. 31, 1849.\\nEdward E. Cross, lieutenant. May 14, 1850.\\nJohn G. Derby, lieutenant, April 29, 185 i.\\nJames S. Brackett, lieutenant, June t8, 185 i.\\nInfantry.\\nEdward I Bucknam, captain, Oct. 2, 1840.\\nJames W. Weeks, captain. May 8, 1843.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, captain, April 25, 1846.\\nJames Mclntire, captain, April 4, 1848.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0632.jp2"}, "633": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER. 551\\nHorace Whitcomb, captain, April ii, 1849.\\nCharles E. Connor, captain, Aug. 31, 1849.\\nWilliam H. Heath, captain, April 16, 1855.\\nJosiah Harrington, lieutenant, Oct. 2, 1840.\\nJames R. Whittemore, lieutenant, Sept. 2, 1841.\\nJames W. Weeks, lieutenant, Aug. 8, 1842.\\nJohn Weeks, lieutenant, May 8, 1843.\\nSamuel H. LeGro, lieutenant, Sept. 2, 1843.\\nJames Mclntire, lieutenant, Aug. ii, 1844.\\nHorace Whitcomb, lieutenant, April 4, 1848.\\nCharles E. Conner, lieutenant, April 11, 1849.\\nCharles S. Hodgdon, lieutenant, Aug. 31, 1849.\\nJared I. Williams, lieutenant, April 2, 1856.\\nJames S. Freeman, lieutenant, Aug. 31, 1849.\\nWilliam R. Joyslin, lieutenant, April 2, 1856.\\nIn 1857 the militia was reorganized all able bodied males\\nbetween the ages of eighteen and forty-five were enrolled yearly\\nby the selectmen when taking the April inventory, and returned to\\nthe adjutant-general. Three divisions and six brigades were desig-\\nnated geographically, and major and brigadier-generals, with staff\\nofificers, appointed.\\nThere was no active militia for several years thereafter, and until\\nafter the great Civil War, save several incorporated associations, such\\nas the Amoskeag Veterans and Governor s Horse Guards, and\\na few independent companies, not more than half a dozen in all.\\nThe Governor s Horse Guards.\\nA command of four companies of cavalry organized as a regi-\\nment. Its especial duty was to act as escort for the governor-elect\\nat the capitol on election day. It first paraded in i860, and its\\nlast parade was in 1865.\\nHenry O. Kent, colonel, March 17, 1864.\\nHenry O. Kent, major, Jan. 11, i860.\\nSecond Regiment, Volunteer Militia,\\nlancaster rifles, company i.\\nJared I. Williams, captain, March 24, 1865.\\nJohn G. Derby, ist lieutenant, March 24, 1865.\\nFrancis L. Cross, 2d lieutenant, March 24, 1865.\\nDisbanded 1868.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0633.jp2"}, "634": {"fulltext": "552 history of lancaster.\\nThird Regiment, Infantry.\\nFIELD.\\nIrving W. Drew, major, April i8, 1878.\\nSTAFF.\\nFrank A. Colby, surgeon. May 8, 1878.\\nLANCASTER RIFLES, COMPANY F.\\nWilliam G. Ellis, captain, April 11, 1878.\\nMoses A. Hastings, captain, July 25, 1879.\\nGeorge H. Emerson, captain, Aug. 30, 1882.\\nFrank A. Colby, lieutenant, April 11, 1878.\\nSolon L. Simonds, lieutenant, June 25, 1878.\\nMoses A. Hastings, lieutenant, June 25, 1878.\\nWillie E. Bullard, lieutenant, July 25, 1879.\\nGeorge H. Emerson, lieutenant, June 24, 1882.\\nHenry J. Cummings, lieutenant, Aug. 30, 1882.\\nRichard B. Whitcomb, lieutenant, April 10, 1884.\\nJames H. Darby, lieutenant, April 10, 1884.\\nDisbanded May 16, 1884.\\nACTUAL SERYICE.\\nIn the earlier da}^s of the state, regiments and companies were\\nraised for scouting duty, for garrisons, or for different military expe-\\nditions, as occasion required, such as the taking of Crown Point,\\nand the capture of Louisburg. In 1760 there were appointed ten\\nregiments. The Twenty-fourth regiment was organized in 1792,\\nafter the adoption of the new state constitution.\\nSo far as can be ascertained from tradition and scattered mem-\\noranda, the men of Lancaster who were participants in the French\\nand Indian wars and in the War of Independence, were as follows:\\nFRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, 1755-63.\\nEmmons Stockwell, Major Rogers Rangers.\\nThomas Burnside, Major Rogers Rangers and John Stark Rangers,\\nDavid Page, Jr., Major Rogers Rangers.\\nREVOLUTIONARY WAR, 1775-83.\\nJohn Burgin, lieutenant. Dennis Stanley, ensign.\\nJohn Weeks, lieutenant. Phinehas Hodgdon, sergeant.\\nJoseph Brackctt, lieutenant. Moses White, aide to Major-Gen-\\neral Hazen.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0634.jp2"}, "635": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER.\\n553\\nPrivates.\\nRev. Joseph Willard,\\nRichard Clair Everett,\\nDavid Greenleaf,\\nEbenezer Twombly,\\nIsaac Darby,\\nSamuel S. Wentworth,\\nJohn Mclntire,\\nNathaniel White,\\nJonathan Willard,\\nAbner Osgood,\\nSamuel Page,\\nMoses Page,\\nJames Rosebrooks,\\nEleazer Rosebrooks,\\nJames Hardy.\\nLieut. John Weeks was in service in the vicinity of Albany, N. Y.\\nLieut. Joseph Brackett served at the forts about Portsmouth (N. H.)\\nharbor; Ensign Dennis Stanley was engaged on scouting parties;\\nJonathan Willard, Abner Osgood, Samuel Page, John Page, and\\nMoses Page served under Captain Eames at the forts in the Cohas\\ncountry; James Rosebrooks served in Whitcomb s Rangers from\\n1776 to 1779, and Eleazer Rosebrooks, James Hardy, and the\\nother men in the foregoing list, not specially designated as on duty\\nelsewhere, were in the Continental Line regiments.\\nWAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN, i8i2- i5.\\nJohn W. Weeks, major iith U. S. Infantry.\\nJohn W. Weeks, captain iith U. S. Infantry.\\nBenjamin Stephenson, lieutenant iith U. S. Infantry.\\nAmaziah Knight, sergeant nth U. S. Infantry.\\nEdwards Bucknam, sergeant iith U. S. Infantry.\\nAllen Smith, musician iith U. S. Infantry.\\nOrvin R. Dexter, musician iith U. S. Infantry.\\nPrivates nth\\nStephen Bullard,\\nGad Beecher,\\nJohn Burgin, 2d,\\nJohn Bickford,\\nJohn English,\\nJoel Farnham,\\nSamuel Gotham,\\nRobert Gotham,\\nAlpheus Hutchins,\\nJohn Hicks,\\nJohn M. Holmes,\\nDaniel Holmes,\\nGeorge W. Lucus,\\nJacob Mclntire,\\nU. S. Infantry.\\nHarvey Moore,\\nShepherd Morse,\\nJacob B. Moore,\\nJohn W. Moore,\\nDaniel Perkins,\\nJames Perkins,\\nLevi Pratt,\\nEdmund Sanborn,\\nJames B. Stanley,\\nIsrael Sanderson,\\nJohn Wilson,\\nGeorge Ingerson,\\nAbram Sanborn.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0635.jp2"}, "636": {"fulltext": "554 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCapt. Edmund Freeman s (of Lebanon) company at the Canada\\nline, 1812\\nJoel Hemmenway, sergeant.\\nStephen Hayes, fifer.\\nPrivates.\\nGustavus A. Hall, Amasa Page,\\nGeorge W. Moore, David Taylor,\\nJohn Perkins, Benjamin Upham.\\nCapt. James Mooney s* company at Indian Stream, 1835. The\\nIndian Stream, or Applebee War.\\nPrivates.\\nJames H. Balch, Eli Kenerson,\\nHarry Boutwell, John Perkins,\\nAlfred C. Greenleaf, Charles F. Stone,\\nDouglass Ingerson, John Sweet.\\nDennis Jones,\\nIn Capt. Daniel Batchelder s (Bath) company. Ninth or New\\nEngland regiment, Mexican War, 1 847\\nPrivates.\\nJames Powers,\\nHarvey Wade Tinker Wade),\\nJefferson Perkins Gentleman Perkins).\\nWAR OF THE REBELLION, i86i- 65.\\nIn the State Service.\\nHenry O. Kent, aide to the adjutant-general with rank of colonel,\\nApril 16, 1 86 1 (detailed to organize recruiting in Coos\\ncounty) assistant adjutant-general of New Hampshire, with\\nrank of colonel, April 30, 1861.\\nIn the United States Service.\\nFIELD.\\nEdward E. Cross, colonel Fifth volunteer infantry (killed at Gettys-\\nburg, in command of a brigade, July 3, 1863).\\nHenry O. Kent, colonel Seventeenth volunteer infantry.\\nCaptain Mooney was from Stewartstown.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0636.jp2"}, "637": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER. 555\\nRichard E. Cross, lieutenant-colonel Fifth volunteer infantry (com-\\nmissioned colonel 1865, but not mustered by reason of deple-\\ntion of regiment).\\nRichard E. Cross, major, Fifth volunteer infantry.\\nIt seems proper, from the value and prominence of their services,\\nto add the names of,\\nNelson Cross, born and reared in Lancaster; colonel of New York\\nvolunteer infantry; brigadier-general and major-general by\\nbrevet, who died in 1897.\\nHarris M. Plaisted, born in Jefferson; educated and always at home\\nin Lancaster; colonel of Maine volunteer infantry; brigadier-\\ngeneral United States volunteers, and governor of Maine, who\\nalso died in 1897.\\nSTAFF.\\nJohn W. Bucknam, surgeon Fifth infantry.\\nJames D. Folsom, surgeon Seventeenth infantry.\\nHoratio N. Small, assistant surgeon Seventeenth and Thirteenth\\ninfantry, and surgeon Tenth infantry.\\nIra S. M. Gove, commissary Seventeenth infantry.\\nREGULAR ARMY.\\nFrancis L. Towne, assistant surgeon United States army, 1861\\nretired with rank of colonel; assistant surgeon general United\\nStates army, 1896.\\nUNITED STATES NAVY.\\nAlfred Titus Snell, rank of commander.\\nSPECIAL DUTY.\\nOssian Ray, commissioned lieutenant and deputy provost-marshal\\nduring the later years of the war, assigned to duty in Coos\\ncounty.\\nHorace A. White, sutler Fifth infantry.\\nFrank Smith, sutler Seventeenth infantry.\\nLINE.\\nHugh R. Richardson, captain Company C, Second.\\nHarrison D. F. Young, captain Company H, Second.\\nHenry S. Hilliard, captain Company B, Fifth.\\nEdmund Brown, captain Company B, Fifth.\\nCharles P. Denison, captain Company A, Seventh,\\nFreedom M. Rhodes, captain Company E, Fourteenth.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0637.jp2"}, "638": {"fulltext": "556 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nJared I. Williams, captain Compaii}^ A, Seventeenth.\\nJohn G. Lewis, lieutenant Company H, Ninth.\\nJames S. Brackett, lieutenant Company A, Seventeenth,\\nJoseph Chase, lieutenant Company A, Seventeenth.\\nCharles N. Kent, lieutenant Company C, Seventeenth.\\nWalter S. Bailey, lieutenant Company A, heavy artillery.\\nJohn C. Jenness, lieutenant Company I, heavy artillery.\\nRichard E. Cross, lieutenant. Company H, Fifth infantry.\\nWilliam H. Shurtleff, lieutenant Company I, heavy artillery.\\nRESIDENTS OF LANCASTER, AT PERIODS SINCE THE WAR, BUT\\nNOT DURING SERVICE.\\n(This list is necessarily incomplete, but as full as possible from\\nattainable data.\\nDr. Ezra Mitchell, Ninth Maine, medical cadet U. S. A.\\nE. W. Wyman, lieutenant Maine infantr}^\\nParker J. Noyes, Eighth Vermont lieutenant United States colored\\ntroops.\\nAlexander M. Beattie, Company I, Third Vermont has congres-\\nsional gold medal of honor.\\nSergeant Levi H. Parker, Eighth Vermont.\\nDr. Dan Lee Jones, Fourth Vermont and U. S. A.\\nThomas Sweetser, Fifth and Fiftieth Massachusetts.\\nThomas S. Thayer, Fifth New Hampshire.\\nStephen Simmons, Seventeenth Vermont.\\nJames N. King, National Guard.\\nFrank M. Lucas, Eighth Vermont.\\nGeorge R. Bush, Sixth Vermont.\\nAlvah B. Sleeper, Eleventh Vermont.\\nDavis T. Timberlake, Twenty-third Maine.\\nCharles Couture, Nineteenth Maine.\\nSergeant Charles E. King, Seventeenth New Hampshire.\\nHarlow Connor, D, First Cavalry.\\nEdward B. Beach, Ninth Vermont.\\nFrank C. Grant, Vermont Volunteers.\\nGeorge W. Cummings, Sixth, Ninth, Seventeenth New Hampshire.\\nPatrick Gleason.\\nJoseph Forshy.\\nSergeant Charles Forbes, Company H, Thirteenth New Hampshire.\\nJohn W. Stevens, First Vermont Cavalry.\\nCalvin Fuller, Third Vermont.\\nHenry J. Cummings, A, Third New Hampshire.\\n(It is impossible to present the. names of non-resident soldiers,\\ndeceased, sometime resident of Lancaster.)", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0638.jp2"}, "639": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER.\\n557\\nSecond Regiment Infantry.\\nChas. W. Fletcher, sergt. Co. F.\\nRichard O. Young, Co. F.\\nCharles Buck, Co. F.\\nGeorge Burt, Co. F.\\nJoseph Benway, Co. F.\\nGeorge W. Morgan, Co. F.\\nPatrick McCaffrey, Co. F.\\nCharles F. Nutter, Co. F.\\nGeorge Robinson, Co. F.\\nGilman Aldrich, Co. F.\\nLevi P. Barrows, Co. F.\\nJerome H. Brown, Co. F.\\nEbenezer Carpenter, Co. F.\\nIra G. Douglass, Co. F.\\nOliver P. Day, Co. H.\\nMorrill C. Day, unknown.\\nJames Martin.\\nCharles E. Mclntire, Co. G.\\nSamuel O. Nutter Co. F.\\nJohn Puryea, Co. K.\\nBenjamin Sawyer, Co, F.\\nJoseph Thompson, Co. D.\\nThird Regiment.\\nOrville R. Moulton, sergt. Co. I.\\nThomas Cassady, corp. Co. I.\\nEdwin R. Jones, corp. Co. I.\\nNelson B. Lindsey, corp. Co. I.\\nJohn W. Morse, musician Co. I.\\nJames Blanchard, Co. I.\\nFrederick T. Bennett, Co. I.\\nJohn H. Cameron, Co. I.\\nOscar Gaines, Co. I.\\nCharles H. Kane, Co. I.\\nWilliam Wilkins, Co. I.\\nCalvin O. Wilkins, Co. I.\\nFrederick A. Wentworth, Co.\\nCharles M. Blood, Co. I.\\nAndrew J. Fowler, Co. I.\\nJames Moulton, Co. I.\\nJohn W. Moulton, Co. I.\\nOrange Fisk, Co. H.\\nCharles Williams, Co.\\nMichael Geno, Co. D.\\nFourth Regiment.\\nGeorge L. Harrington, Co. K.\\nK. James Taylor, Co. C.\\nFifth Regiment.\\nFreeman Lindsey, wagonmaster.\\nJohn G. Sutton, Co. B.\\nWilliam A. Corson, Co. B.\\nJames Cummings, Co. B.\\nAlexander Cummings, Co. B.\\nW^illiam G. Ellis, Co. B.\\nLevi J. Corson, Co. B.\\nMichael Cassady, Co. B.\\nJames Cassady, Co. B.\\nMichael Eagan, Co. B.\\nErastus W. Forbes, Co. B.\\nLeonard W. Howard, Co. B.\\nFrancis Heywood, Co. B.\\nSylvanus Chessman, Co. F.\\nRichard Fletcher, Co. B.\\nGeorge H. Nickerson, Co. F.\\nMilton A. Adams, Co. A.\\nEnoch N. Clement, Co. A.\\nJames Colby, Co. B.\\nReuben F. Carter, Co. K.\\nJoseph Hart, bugler, Co. D.\\nJoseph P. Matthews, Co. H.\\nMartin McCormic, Co. F.\\nDaniel Mahone}-, Co. F.\\nGeorge W. Marden, Co. A.\\nCharles D. Farrington, Co. B.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0639.jp2"}, "640": {"fulltext": "558\\nHISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nLouis Lapointe, Co. B. Edward Sweeney.\\nEldad A. Rhoades, sergt. Co. B. Solomon Wilson, Co. B.\\nHosea Stone, Co. B. Jonathan Dow, Co. B.\\nSixth Regiment.\\nEdward Gillingham, Co. H.\\nTheodore Hagerman, Co. K.\\nHarvey Knip, Co. A.\\nHarvey H. Lucas, Co. H.\\nCharles Parker, Co. F.\\nCharles E. Rogers, Co. H.\\nAaron Wight, Co. L\\nFranklin Walker, Co. A.\\nSeventh Regiment.\\nFrederick Ingerson, Co. A.\\nJames S. Lucas, Co. A.\\nAlden Lewis, Co. A.\\nPhilip McCaffrey, Co. A.\\nJohn L. Meserve, Co. A.\\nCyrus Savage, Co. A.\\nCharles C. Beaton, Co. G.\\nDaniel T. Johnson, Co. G.\\nJames A. King, Co. B.\\nJoseph Lary, Co. H.\\nEighth Regiment.\\nWellington Brown, Co. G.\\nWilliam Cloutman, Co. F.\\nGeorge C. French, Co. C.\\nWilliam B. Hetson, Co. E.\\nJohn Jordan, Co. E.\\nAllen Johnson, Co. F.\\nJames S. Lome, Co. H.\\nPeter Larson, Co. D.\\nJonathan Metcalf, Co. G.\\nCharles O. Merry, Co. G.\\nMichael O Flanigan, Co. G.\\nAdam Osborne, Co. C.\\nJacob Renold, Co. G.\\nOliver Sules, Co. G.\\nWilliam H. Veazie, Co. G.\\nJoseph G. Wolcott, Co. G.\\nWilliam Brown, Co. F.\\nNinth Regiment.\\nFrederick Morse, corp. Co. H.\\nWilliam H. Allen, Co. H.\\nWilliam H. Farnham, Co. H.\\nHenry H. Moulton, Co. H.\\nFreeman H. Perkins, Co. H.\\nHenry H. Sanderson, Co. H.\\nLucien F. Thomas, Co. H.\\nSimon Connary, Co. H.\\nGeorge W. Cummings, Co. H.\\nIra G. Douglass, Co. F.\\nLoren E. Stalbird, Co.. H.\\nJoseph E. Hodge, Co. H.\\nEdwin R. Jones, Co. H.\\nJohn G. Lewis, 2d, Co. H.\\nHarvey H. Lucas, Co. H.\\nPaul Perkins, Co. H.\\nCharles E. Rogers, Co. H.\\nSanford E. Dinsmore, Co. H.\\nHarrison E. Round, Co. H.\\nGeorge Tenry, Co. F.\\nWilliam H. Wilkins, Co.\\nJohn Boudle, Co. H.\\nNelson Palmer, Co. H.\\nSumner Perkins, Co. H.\\nJohn Mooney, Co. H.\\nH.\\nEleventh Regiment.\\nJohn Burgin, Co. G.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0640.jp2"}, "641": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER.\\n559\\nThirteenth Reglment.\\nOtis B. Harriman, Co. D.\\nFourteenth Regiment.\\nHiram J. Round, sergt. Co. E.\\nLewis P. Summers, sergt. Co. E.\\nAbel H. Wesson, Co. E.\\nFrank Boutwell, Co. E.\\nMoses Colby, Co. E.\\nAlden A. Dow, Co. E.\\nJoseph M. Gray, Co. E.\\nIda A. Hodge, Co. E.\\nEdward Jarvis, Co. E.\\nWilliam Jarvis, Co. E.\\nAndrew J. Lang, Co. E.\\nCharles E. Nutter, Co. E.\\nSpaulding S. Rich, Co. E.\\nWilliam Sherwood, Co. E.\\nW. H. H. Stalbird, Co. E.\\nEdward B. Wilder, Co. E.\\nDavid Young, Co. E.\\nThomas Cassady, Co. F.\\nFrederick O. Hayes, Co. F\\nJohn McMahon, Co. L\\nWilliam Blair, Co. E.\\nEdward Lotcher, Co. F.\\nThomas Wentworth, Co. E\\nBenj. F. Moulton, Co. E.\\nSeventeenth Regiment.\\nJohn P. Denison, com. sergt.\\nEzra H. Bennett, sergt. Co. A.\\nCharles A. Larkin, sergt. Co. A.\\nGeo. H. Emerson, corp. Co. A.\\nH. E. Hadlock, hdqrs. Co. A.\\nThomas P. Moody, corp. Co. A.\\nHarvey H. Lucas, Co. A.\\nWalter S. Bailey, hdqrs. Co. A.\\nSimpson E. Chase, wardmaster,\\nCo. A.\\nThomas Cunningham, Co. A.\\nJohn G. Derby, ord. sergt. Co. C.\\nWillard A. Jackson, Co. A.\\nAlfred L. Jackson, Co. A.\\nJohn C. Jenness, clerk, O. M. S.\\nJohn C. Moore, Co. A.\\nHenry McCarthy, Co. A.\\nSidney H. Peaslee, wagonmaster,\\nCo. A.\\nSumner Perkins, Co. A.\\nAlfred C. Pratt, Co. A.\\nWilliam C. Putnam, Co. A.\\nFrank Rafferty, Jr., Co. A.\\nAlbro L. Robinson, hosp. steward.\\nJames Ross, Co. A.\\nWilliam L. Rowell, sergt. Co. A.\\nJason Sherwood, Co. A.\\nJohn W. Smith,. Co. A.\\nCyril C. Smith, Co. A.\\nEighteenth Regiment.\\nMichael Early, Co. H. Patrick Cassady, Co. K.\\nHeavy Artillery.\\nWilliam G. Ellis, Co. L\\nJoseph H. Wilder, Co. L\\nZeb Twitchell, Co. L\\nWilliam M. Gushing, Co. L\\nRichard M. J. Grant, Co. I.\\nPhineas R. Hodgdon, Co. L\\nHoratio O. Lewis, Co. L\\nJoseph P. Matthews, Co. I.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0641.jp2"}, "642": {"fulltext": "$60 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nCharles Sherwood, Co. I. John Monahan, Co. I.\\nGeorge Robinson, Co. I. John G. Monahan, Co. I,\\nIsaac F. Cotton, Co. I. Samuel S. McDonald, Co. I.\\nRoswell C. Chessman, Co. I. Orville R. Moulton, light battery,\\nJoseph B. Cloutman, Co. I. or Co. M.\\nRichard H. Emerson, Co. I. Jason Sherwood, Co. I.\\nJohn M. Farnham, Co. I. Hezekiah E. Hadlock.\\nEdwin Farnham, Co. I.\\nCompany G, Second United States Sharpshooters.\\nZeb Twitchell. Joseph K. Hodge.\\nReuben F. Carter. James S. Kent.\\nThomas S. Ellis. Horace F. Morse.\\nReuben Gray.\\nFirst New England Cavalry.\\nKimball A. Morse, Co. L. John K. Burton, Co. F.\\nMichael Leary, Co. F.\\nCommissions, 21\\nEnlistments, 240\\nTotal, 261\\nProbably about 230 different soldiers.\\nRegiment and Company Unknown.\\nAllison Chapman, recruit.\\nGeorge C. Wilson, recruit.\\nHenry Long, recruit.\\nHarpless Ellison, recruit,\\nWilliam Ward, recruit.\\nNelson Heath, recruit.\\nLuke Odell, recruit.\\nGeorge Williams, recruit.\\nAlexander Lilley, recruit.\\nLouis Warren, recruit.\\nJoseph Staples, recruit.\\nCharles Wilson, recruit.\\nPeyton Jackson, colored, Washington, August, 1864.\\nWilliam Harden, colored, Washington, August, 1864.\\nJohn F. Sims, colored, Washington, August, 1864.\\nJohn F. Newman, colored, Washington, August, 1864.\\nIt is perhaps needless to say that the foregoing lists of sol-\\ndiers do not comprehend the names of all present or past citizens", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0642.jp2"}, "643": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS OF LANCASTER. 56 1\\nof Lancaster who have served in the miHtia or the armies of the\\nUnion, but only of those who were citizens of the town during their\\ntime of service, and who are credited to Lancaster on the official\\nrecords of the period, and of those now resident in town.\\nSince the compilation of the foregoing, the following additional\\ninformation concerning the of^cers in command of the militia in the\\nregiments embracing the county of Coos has been furnished by\\nHon. A. S. Batchellor, state historian\\nField officers of the militia regiment, covering the northwestern\\npart of Grafton county (then embracing the present county of\\nCoos)\\nThe Provincl\\\\l Period.\\nFrom 1773, 1774, 1775, until August 24:\\nJohn Hurd, colonel, Haverhill.\\nAsa Porter, lieutenant-colonel, Haverhill.\\nWilliam Simpson, major, Orford.\\nRevolutionary Period.\\nThe state was divided into sixteen regiments August 24, 1775,\\n1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, and to January 12, 1782\\nIsrael Morey, colonel, Orford.\\nCharles Johnson, lieutenant-colonel, Haverhill.\\nJonathan Child, first major, Lyme.\\nJohn Hale, second major, Haverhill.\\nBy act of assembly. Lieutenant-colonel Charles Johnson was given\\ncommand of the regiment in place of Morey, January 12, 1782, on\\naccount of the relations of the latter with the Vermont movement\\n(the forming of an independent government, by the towns on either\\nside of the river, in the Connecticut valley, with Hanover as the\\nfocus). No record is found as to the other field officers. After the\\npromotion of Johnson, who was colonel to 1785, Major Child was,\\nhowever, mixed with the Vermont movement, as was Morey.\\nTwenty-Fifth Regiment.\\nA new organization of the regiments, and increase in their num-\\nber, was effected in 1785, the field officers of the regiment in this\\nterritory being for 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, a break in the\\nrecords here appearing until March 26, 1793\\nJoseph Whipple, colonel, Jefferson (then Dartmouth).\\nEdwards Bucknam, lieutenant-colonel, Lancaster.\\nJohn Young, major first battalion, Lisbon.\\nAsa Bailey, major second battalion, Landaff.\\n-,6", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0643.jp2"}, "644": {"fulltext": "562 history of lancaster.\\nTwenty-Fourth Regiment.\\nMarch 26, 1793.\\nEdwards Bucknam, lieutenant-colonel commanding, Lancaster.\\nJohn Young, major first battalion, Lisbon.\\nJabez Parsons, major second battalion, Colcbrook.\\nYoung retired as major in 1798, when Amos Wheeler of Fran-\\nconia was commissioned major of the first battalion.\\n1799 and 1800 Jabez Parsons, Colebrook; Amos Wheeler, first\\nbattalion, Franconia Nathan Barlow, second battalion, Strat-\\nford.\\ni8oi- o2- o3 Nathan Barlow, Stratford Richard C. Everett, Lan-\\ncaster; Hopestill Jennison, Lancaster.\\nJune 4, 1804 Richard Clair Everettif, Lancaster; Stephen Wilson,\\nLancaster; Jeremiah Fames, Jr., Stewartstown.\\nTHE WAR WITH SPAIN AND IN THE PHILIPPINES.\\n(We are enabled, just as this chapter goes to press (1899) to add\\nin this connection names of Lancaster men, so far as ascertained,\\nengaged in the Spanish War and its consequent service.)\\nJohn W. Weeks, captain Massachusetts brigade naval militia.\\nHarry Hayes, U. S. S. Pawnee.\\nCharles Cragie, 71st N. Y. Vol. Inf.\\nAlexander Kier, ist N. H. Vol. Inf.\\nFred Fuller, ist N. H. Vol. Inf.\\nErnest Dow, 14th Minn. Vol. Inf.\\nCharles French, ist Vt. Vol. Inf.\\nFrank Cassady, ist Vt. Vol. Inf.\\n*N. H. Prov. Papers, Vol. 7, p. 578 N. H. State Papers, Vol 4, pp. 256 and 558.\\nt Upon the promotion of Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson, at this time, by reason of the\\nremoval of Colonel Moray from his command, on account of his identification with the\\nVermont Movement, and the consequent ]:)rejudicial effect on the regiment, one or\\nmore vacancies in the field officers resulted, but what appointments or promotions\\nresulted is not shown by the records. Major Child was in the same boat as Morey, as\\nregards the Vermont affair. Old records mention Hale, by the title of colonel (possi-\\nbly lieutenant-colonel). Child would not have been promoted Hale might have been\\nthere is doubt concerning such promotion, however.\\nNew Hampshire State Papers, Vol. 8, p. 928.\\nNew Hampshire State Papers, Vol. 20, p. 261.\\nII New Hampshire State Papers, Vol. 22, pp. 738-740.\\nT[ In 1805 Coos county was organized according to the act of 1803 establishing it, and\\nDecember 13, 1804, that part of Grafton outside the limits of the new county that had\\nbeen included in the Twenty-fourth regiment was set off for the Thirty-second regi-\\nment. The militia of Coos remained the Twenty-fourth regiment, mustering annually\\nalternately at Lancaster and Colebrook until 1S40, when that part in the present southern\\njudicial district of Coos was assigned to the Forty-second regiment, and so remained\\nuntil the abolition of the militia system in 1850.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0644.jp2"}, "645": {"fulltext": "Main Street, aijove Lancaster House, il\\nMain Street, above Court-house, 1868.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0645.jp2"}, "646": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0646.jp2"}, "647": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 563\\nPatrick McRae, Mass. Vol. Inf.\\nFrank McRae, Mass. Vol. Inf.\\nThomas Hopkins, 26th U. S. Vol. Inf.\\nIsaac McGoff, 26th U. S. Vol. Inf.\\nElwyn R. Marsh, 46th U. S. Vol. Inf.\\nHenry C. Whittier, 46th U. S. Vol. Inf.\\nGeorge W. Foshey, 46th U. S. Vol. Inf.\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nCENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE SETTLEMENT OF THE TOWN\\nOF LANCASTER.\\n[Being a reprint of the essential parts of the Centennial Pamphlet of 1864, J. M.\\nW. Yerrington, Reporter. Published by Edward Savage, Bookseller.\\nIn accordance with a notice extensively circulated by a committee\\nof the citizens of Lancaster, the one hundredth anniversary of the\\nsettlement of this town was celebrated on Thursday, July 14, 1864.\\nInvitations had been extended to very many of the former residents\\nof the town, now scattered throughout the broad Union, to revisit\\ntheir early home, and take part in the exercises of the occasion. To\\nthese invitations a large number responded in person or by letter.\\nAmong the prominent gentlemen from abroad were Hon. Edward\\nD. Holton, of Milwaukee, Wis.; John B. Brown, Esq., of Portland,\\nMe. Nathaniel White, Esq., of Concord, and I. B. Gorham, Esq.,\\nof St. Johnsbury, Vt.\\nA national salute, fired from two old field pieces, taken from the\\nBritish by Stark, at Bennington, the display of flags and the ringing\\nof bells, ushered in the day. At an early hour the stream of travel\\nfrom the neighboring towns, on both sides of the river, commenced,\\nand soon the usually quiet town presented an animated and holiday\\naspect. In the village itself all labor was suspended, and the people\\ngave themselves up to the unrestrained enjoyment of the day, and\\nthe exercise of a general and cordial hospitality.\\nThe day was one of enchanting loveliness. Nature, with radiant\\nsmiles, welcomed her truant children, returning from crowded city\\nor town to her motherly embrace, and fanned them with the breath\\nof gales that winnowed fragrance round the smiling land. Well\\nmight these wanderers from the lovely valley where their youth was\\ncradled repeat the lines of Gray, on revisiting Eton\\nAh, happy hills! ah, pleasing shade\\nAh, fields beloved in vain\\nWhere oft my careless childhood strayed\\nA stranger yet to pain", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0647.jp2"}, "648": {"fulltext": "564 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\n1 feel the gales that round ye blow\\nA momentary bliss bestow\\nAs waving fresh their gladsome wing,\\nMy weary soul they seem to soothe,\\nAnd redolent of joy and youth,\\nTo breathe a second spring.\\nA procession was formed at 9 30 o clock, on the south side of Elm\\nstreet, the right resting tipon Main, which soon after ten o clock\\nmoved in the following order\\nAid. Marshal-in-Chief. Aid.\\nLancaster Cornet Band, Lt. Albert F. Whipple, leader.\\nNorth Star Commandery of Knights Templar,\\nSir Kt. J. L Williams, commander.\\nAid. North Star Lodge No. 8, A. F. A. M., Aid.\\nB. F. Hunking, W. Master.\\nEngine Company, No. i\\nState and Town officials.\\nAid. Committee of Arrangements. Aid.\\nOfficers of the Day and Committees.\\nPresident of the Day.\\nDistinguished Visitors in carriages.\\nCounty officials and Government officers.\\nSoldiers bearing the National Flag.\\nVenerable settlers and residents of the Town, in carriages.\\nThe Reverend Clergy.\\nLancaster Glee Club.\\nAid. The Sabbath Schools Aid.\\nconnected with the various churches.\\nAid. Citizens of Lancaster. Aid.\\nAid. Citizens of other towns. Aid.\\nAppropriate banners and flags were displayed by the several\\nsocieties, and the glorious stars and stripes, conspicuously exhibited\\nat several points, thrilled the heart w-ith their patriotic associations.\\nThe route of the procession was up Main street to the Lancaster\\nHouse, where the president of the day, with other distinguished\\nguests, was received thence up Main to North, and down again to\\nthe space adjoining the Congregational church, where the literary\\nexercises were to take place, a window having been removed from\\nthe north side of the church, and a temporary platform erected that\\nall, both inside and out, might have an opportunity to see and hear.\\nThe church was soon crowded to its utmost capacity, and the\\nspace adjoining well filled by a large company waiting the com-\\nmencement of the exercises. The number present was variously\\nestimated at from two to three thousand. Inside the church several\\nof the most venerable citizens occupied the front seats. Among them\\nwere Emmons Stockwell, Reuben G. Freeman, Francis Wilson,\\nDouglass Spaulding, Ephraim Stockwell, Spencer Clark, William\\nHolkins, Benjamin Hunking, and Beniah Colby.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0648.jp2"}, "649": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 565\\nAt 1 1 o clock the exercises were commenced with music by the\\ncornet band, at the conclusion of which Colonel Kent, chief marshal,\\nsaid\\nMy friends, I regret to commence the exercises of the day by making excuses\\nor apologies but it is necessary I should do so, in order to a correct understand-\\ning of the remaining part of the programme. It was thoroughly understood that\\nColonel Farrar, of Oregon, was to deliver the oration, and he gave me his per-\\nsonal pledge, on the 5th inst., that he would be here without fail. He was in\\nWashington a few days ago, and the recent rebel incursion into Maryland, sun-\\ndering the connection between that city and the rest of the country, has, I\\nsuppose, rendered it impossible for him to be here. Several gentlemen, who\\nwere invited, and also expected to be present. His Excellency, Governor Andrew,\\nof Masaachussetts and His Excellency, Governor Gilmore, of this state, among\\nothers, have found it impossible for them to be here, in consequence of the busi-\\nness that has been thrust upon them from the same cause the rebel raid. I\\nhave received letters from several of these gentlemen, which will be read at the\\nproper time.\\nBut I am happy to say, that on this anniversary of the settlement of our good\\nold town, we are not to be without speakers who will entertain us. There are\\ngentlemen present from abroad, who, having served their country honorably in\\nposts of danger, have come back to join with tliose who remain at home in cele-\\nbrating this glorious anniversary, and others, who, in civil life, have honored by\\ntheir success the town of their nativity. From them, you will be glad to hear. I\\ntake pleasure in saying that the programme at the dinner will be fully carried out.\\nAnd now, fellow-citizens, I am happy in introducing to you the president of the\\nday, Hon. David H. Mason, a Lancaster boy, whom yon will rejoice to welcome\\nhere to-day, who will preside on the occasion, and will address you, in the\\nabsence of the orator.\\nRev. David Perry, of Brookfield, Vt., then invoked the divine\\nblessing upon all the proceedings of the day, after which the follow-\\ning song, written for the occasion by Henry O. Kent, Esq. (music\\nby L. O. Emerson of Boston), was sung by the Glee club in a most\\nacceptable manner\\nThe mountains look down in their grandeur and pride.\\nOn the home of our childhood to-day\\nOn the wandering children who roamed from their side\\nTo gather rare flowers by the way.\\nThey re united again in the dear old town,\\nMong the streams and the woods of yore.\\nThey have fought well the fight for gold and renown,\\nAnd they turn to their childhood s door.\\nThere are those who have lingered around the old home.\\nWhile their brethren were far in the strife\\nWho have tilled the old fields through the years that are flown.\\nIn the quiet and comfort of life\\nThese welcome ye back with hearts full of joy,\\nA joy that commingles with pride,\\nAs they greet with warm fervor each wandering boy\\nTo the town where his forefathers died.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0649.jp2"}, "650": {"fulltext": "566 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nWe gather to-day among scenes so endeared,\\nTo crown with the fame of her sons,\\nThe time-silvered locks of the mother revered,\\nWhile an hundred long winters have flown\\nTo wreathe a full chaplet of daughters warm love\\nMid the silvery sheen of her hair,\\nAs enduringly pure as the azure above\\nThat smiles on an homage so fair.\\nWelcome home, from the East and the West and the South,\\nWelcome home, on this dear natal day\\nThe kiss of some loved one is warm on each mouth\\nYe have tarried a long time away.\\nWelcome home, and forgetting the wearying care\\nThat compassed the pathway ye trod,\\nThrow off the chill years and be young again here,\\nIn the smile of a love born of God.\\nWelcome home, to each spot so remembered of yore,\\nWelcome home, to each love that endures\\nGather strength for the journey that stretches before.\\nEre our sails leave these vanishing shores.\\nGo forth from among us with tokens of love.\\nGlad burdens each journey to crown\\nSo shall memory s banquet be spread as ye rove\\nFrom the home that s behind ye our dear old town.\\nThe Preshjent. We will commence with the opening chapter\\nof the history of Lancaster. I therefore call upon Ossian Ray, Esq.,\\nto read the charter of the town.\\nMr. Ray. Mr. President The original document is not to be\\nhad upon this occasion. Whether it was deposited, like some\\nancient charters that we read of in history, in the hollow of a tree in\\nthis town, or elsewhere, and has thus been lost, I know not. But\\nwe have, at any rate, 2ifac simile of the original document, nearly\\nas old as that. I propose to read from that copy.\\n[Published elsewhere in this volume.]\\nThe President. This is a day of jubilee, and I propose to call\\nfor three cheers for the quaint old charter. My friend, the chap-\\nlain, says it is all right, even in a meeting-house. Col. Kent will\\nlead off in the cheers.\\nThe audience responded to this call with three hearty cheers,\\nwhich was followed by another song, entitled Our Lancaster,\\nwritten by Mrs. Mary B. C. Slade. (This song, also, was set to\\nmusic by Mr. Emerson.)\\nThe sturdy tree of Pilgrim stock\\nIts root had struck neath Plymouth Rock\\nAnd sweet savannahs smiled to see\\nThe Coming of the Chivalry", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0650.jp2"}, "651": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL- CELEBRATION. 5^7\\nWhen, turning from the vales of ease,\\nOn lowlands washed by sunny seas,\\nWith heart of hope, a noble band,\\nCame toiling up our mountain land.\\nThrough dark pine forests. North and West,\\nThe warwhoop rushed across their rest.\\nWhile creeping up the eastern sky,\\nThe British thunder cloud drew nigh.\\nBut Coos smiled, the meadows rang,\\nSiwoogannock sweet echoes sang\\nAnd circling hills and placid wave\\nTheir welcome and protection gave.\\nHere, loyal sons, your patriot sires\\nEnkindled Freedom s altar-fires\\nThe fathers watchword ours shall be,\\nThe Union, God, and Liberty!\\nHere grew they free and strong and brave.\\nTill fierce Oppression crossed the wave\\nAsk storied battlefields how, then.\\nFor Freedom stood the mountain men\\nThe Aloe drinks the sun and rain.\\nNor blooms her answer back again.\\nTill, lo! a flowery crown she wears.\\nThe blossom of an hundred years.\\nThe mountain winds, the valley s stream.\\nThe winter s snow, the summer s gleam,\\nA hundred years have brought to her\\nTo-day s bright bloom, our Lancaster\\nWhere, long ago, the Indian found\\nA resting-place and hunting ground,\\nTo beauty s pilgrims rest we lend.\\nEre they to snow-capped heights ascend.\\nGod of the Mountains! bless our home,\\nWhile through its paths to thee we come\\nTill o er its purpled heights we see\\nThe White Hills of Eternity\\nADDRESS OF HON. DAVID H. MASON.\\nLadies and Gentlemen A hundred years ago, the last act in the drama of the\\nFrench and Indian war had just closed. France and Spain had ceded all claimed\\nrights to the possession of territory east of the Mississippi river, and England\\nheld undisturbed sway in the vast country, stretching from the Gulf to the Arctic\\nsea, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean.\\nThe last great struggle of the native Indians to recover their hunting grounds\\nwas over. The brave Pontiac, with his five and twenty Indian tribes, scattered\\nall along from the Shenandoah to the great lakes, and down the Ohio to the very\\nbanks of the Mississippi, over the mountains and through the prairies, had buried\\nthe tomahawk and scalping-knife, and smoked the pipe of peace.\\nAt the first dawn of security the indomitable sons of the Pilgrims plunged into\\nthe wilderness with their a.xes and their rifles, to plant new homes for themselves\\nand their posterity.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0651.jp2"}, "652": {"fulltext": "568 HISTORY or Lancaster.\\nOn the 19th of April, A. D. 1764, Captain David Page, liis son David Page,\\nJr., about 18 years of age, and Emmons Stockwell, witli perhaps one or two\\nothers, having puslied up the Connecticut valley from Petersham, Massachusetts,\\nthrough the town of Haverhill, reached the spot where we now are. They were\\ncharmed by the natural loveliness of this valley, and their fondest desires were\\ngratified. Standing on yonder elevation, with those majestic mountains behind\\nthem, the unrivaled Pilot range on their right hand and the green hills on their\\nleft, with those bald sentinels guarding the passage before them, they gazed down\\ninto this paradise of meadows, with the meandering river, like a silver cord, run-\\nning through them, all clothed in the fresh verdure of the opening spring. What\\na heaven was here spread out before them With hearts full of gratitude, they\\nthanked the God of nature that his mysterious providence had guided them here.\\nThey came on the 19th of April, a day since made sacred in the nation s\\nhistory the day on which was shed the first blood of the Revolution on Lexing-\\nton Green the day on which flowed m the streets of Baltimore the first northern\\nblood in the War of the Rebellion the same day on which was founded the first\\nNormal school in the new world, that crowning glory of our system of popular\\neducation. It was fortunate for our ancestors that they came to this valley, and\\nthat was a fortunate birthday for our beautiful town.\\nThe war for existence had passed the war for principle was approaching.\\nThe North American colonies had cost tlie mother country, at the close of the\\nFrench war, nearly seven hundred millions of dollars. Her treasury was\\nexhausted by the long and fierce struggle with the continental powers. In look-\\ning about for some way to restore the equilibrium between her magnificence and\\nher means, she fell upon the plan to tax these colonies. The right to do this was\\nindignantly denied. Her peerless statesman, the immortal Pitt, to whose genius\\nand wisdom she owed the chief glories of the eighteenth century the true friend\\nof the colonies was no longer in office, and the soung king had called to his\\ncouncil men of moderate ability. The war of the Revolution followed.\\nAt the period of its commencement, our town contained but eight families.\\nNone of its inhabitants joined the army; they were too few in numbers, too far\\nfrom the strife, and were out of sight in the wilderness. Their families were\\nexposed to the depredations of the savages, and in common with all the new\\nsettlements along our northern frontier, they suffered greatly from dangers and\\nprivations, through that long and bloody war. Their stern duties at home were\\nparamount to all public considerations. Thev had, however, in many ways, their\\ncourage and their patriotism. The dauntless Stockwell was in one of the expeditions\\nwhich went up for the invasion of Canada, during the French war. He was an orphan\\nboy in his native town, bound out to service during his minority. In order to encour-\\nage enlistments and to fill the ranks of our army, a regulation was made that inden-\\ntured apprentices should be entitled to their freedom, if they would enlist in the\\npublic service. Stockwell, tliough a mere boy, possessed the spirit of a man, and\\ntook advantage of the provision which gave him his liberty. On his return from\\nthis unfortunate expedition, with a few stragglers he came down the Connecticut\\nriver, and for the first time beheld the magnificent valley. Its attractions led him,\\na few years later, with those hardy pioneers, to choose it for his future home.\\nSome of the Revolutionary heroes settled in Lancaster after the close of the\\nwar. I remember very well Major Moses White, of Rutland, Mass. He was a\\ntrue gentleman, of the old Revolutionary school. He had filled many high posi-\\ntions in the continental army with ability and honor, and was rewarded by a grant\\nfrom the government, through General Hazen, of the Catbow tract of land in\\nLancaster, where he fixed his residence and passed the remainder of his life. He\\nattained very great consideration in his adopted state, and was very widely and\\nfavorably known. Wherever his duty called him, he never lost his dignity or\\nforgot the courtesies of life.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0652.jp2"}, "653": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 5^9\\nWhen our independence was acknowledged and peace was restored, our settle-\\nment began to increase in numbers. But tlie country nowhere prospered as was\\ncontidently expected. We had no national credit and no commerce to bring us\\ntrade. Though we were independent upon the land, England was still mistress\\nupon the sea, and it soon became apparent if we would prosper as a nation our\\nflag must be respected and our commerce built up. The impressment of a tew\\nseamen was not of vast public importance, but the great principle that the flag of\\na nation shall protect its citizens on the land and sea was of inestimable value\\nand for this the second war with England was waged. Its triumph was complete,\\nand we came out from that controversy with our honor vindicated and our rights\\nestablished.\\nIn this second national war our citizens bore an important part. You all\\nremember Major John W. Weeks. On the 5th day of July, A. D. 18 [4, by a\\nbrave and timely movement of his command, he turned the tide of victory at\\nChippewa. He was the captain of the first company, Eleventh regiment of infantry,\\nand held the extreme right of our line. Having discovered the enemy advancing\\nupon the centre with a heavy column, he threw his command, by a quick move-\\nment, upon their flank, and delivered a destructive fire, which broke their ranks\\nand hurled them back in a disastrous retreat, leaving their dead and wounded\\nupon the field. He was promoted for his gallantry to the rank of major. He\\ncame to this town in 1787, when only six years of age. He learned the trade of\\na house-joiner, and received his education from the scanty means the settlement\\nafforded. He arose to various high positions in public life, and represented his\\ndistrict in congress with credit, at a time in our history when to be in congress\\nwas an honor, and men of the highest ability and character were chosen to the\\nnational councils. He was a man of strong and comprehensive mind, a great\\nreader and close reasoner. whose opinions and judgment upon public questions\\nwere respected by our public men in the state and country.\\nBy his side at Chippewa were other citizens of Lancaster. There was Alpheus\\nHutchins, of whose bravery and bearing I have often heard his commander speak\\nin terms of great commendation. There was Benjamin Stephenson, also, who,\\nnow in a happy old age, is reaping the rich rewards of an honorable life.\\nSince the close of the second war the prosperity of the town, as well as of the\\ncountry, for nearly fifty years, has been rapid and uninterrupted. The number of\\nits voters and its material wealth have quadrupled, and to-day we find its hills and\\nits valleys covered with handsome habitations and an industrious and a happy\\npeople. Would to God that the darkness which now hangs over our national\\nprosperity would disappear and reveal a future as propitious as the past\\nWe celebrate to-day the termination of the first century of municipal life. One\\ncentennial space is filled in the history of Lancaster. We have arrived at a point\\nof time convenient for the measurement of our prosperity. Standing, therefore,\\nas we do at the end of a century, we can look across the chasm that separates us\\nfrom its beginning, and contrast the difterence in the appearance and condition of\\nour town. Forgetting intervening events, we will look into the first years of its\\nsettlement, and place what we see beside the developments of this day, and mark\\nthe progress and the change.\\nThe charters for the towns of Lancaster and of Lunenburg, opposite to us, bear\\nthe same date, were granted on the same day, to the same person, by the same\\nhand and these names were given to us in memory of the two towns similarly\\nsituated, near the early homes of the first settlers in Massachusetts, and thus they\\nsanctified their new homes by the fond recollection of those of their youth. The\\nwhole country was then a dense wilderness not a highway had been constructed\\nin or to our ancient town. The pioneer settlers found their way by marked trees\\nthrough the woods. They drove before them some twenty head of cattle, with\\nbags of salt, provisions, and farming tools fastened on their horns. They erected", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0653.jp2"}, "654": {"fulltext": "570 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\ntheir first camp on the Holton meadows, and cleared, the first spring, twelve\\nacres of land on the old Stockwell place, which they planted with corn. It grew\\nso luxuriantly that by the 25th of August it was twelve feet in height and full in\\nthe milk; but on the fatal night which succeeded, it was utterly destroyed by the\\nearly frost. Although our town is 800 feet above the sea, in this high latitude\\nand in the midst of lofty mountains such a calamity has happened but three times\\nin sixty years. Our persevering settlers, not discouraged by this disaster, cut\\ntheir grass on the open lands on Beaver brook, and thus kept their cattle through\\nthe winter, and were ready to renew the struggles of another year.\\nIt was many years before any traveled public way was constructed. The near-\\nest mill was perhaps at Plymouth, but the most accessible was at No. 4, in the\\ntown of Charlestown. From that place they brought their meal and grain, travel-\\ning on foot, on horseback, or upon the river in their bark and log canoes, which\\nthey paddled with wonderful skill and many a joyous feast did our ancestors\\nhave from the rare luxury of brown bread and Indian pudding, the rewards of\\ntheir perilous and arduous journeys. I can almost see the young Mrs. Stockwell\\npreparing for some great occasion, sitting before her blazing wood fire, watching\\nher baking bannock, which she had spread upon a huge chip, and set up between\\nthe great andirons, a style of cooking not quite obsolete in this ancient town\\ntwenty-five years ago.\\nThe canoes were their only carriages, and were made with their own hands\\nfrom the trunks of huge pines, or from bark peeled from their own trees. They\\nwere strong enough to be trusted on the deepest waters, and light enough to be\\ncarried upon their shoulders around the falls, or from pond to pond. The strong\\nwomen rowed tliese same rude barks up and down these rivers, from settlement to\\nsettlement, from Stockwell s to Bucknam s, or whenever they went out to spend\\nthe afternoon, or on some errand of business. It will not be supposed that the\\nsettlers depended upon the food transported from Charlestown for their daily use.\\nTheir more common food was prepared by means contrived by themselves our\\nancestors had no patent for their invention which stood for a mill. Have you\\nnever heard of the good old-fashioned thump? Emmons Stockwell kept a\\nhuge mortar, which held about two bushels; into this they put their corn, beans,\\nand rye then they pounded it with a great wooden pestle, as none but they could\\npound. With this they mixed potatoes, well baked and peeled, and the varieties\\nof vegetables their tastes might select, and the whole was baked together into\\nmagnificent thump. Seasoned with good appetites, it was found a delicious dish\\nby the early inhabitants of our glorious old town.\\nThe tables of these hardy pioneers had other dainties. The rivers and streams\\nwere full of fishes, and the forest of moose and game and our ancestors of both\\nsexes could use the rifle and the fishing-rod with astonishing skill. It is some-\\nwhat remarkable that no deer or wolves were found here till long after the coun-\\ntry was first settled, and it is said there were no eels in the river till the extermi-\\nnation of the beaver. But the moose \\\\vere abundant, and were most mercilessly\\nslaughtered by the wicked hunters, for the mere pleasure of killing. One Nathan\\nCaswell killed ninety-nine in a single season, ana leftmost of them to decay in\\ntheir native woods. All honor to those humane settlers who turned him out of\\ntheir houses as a reward for this ignominious sport. I can never forgive those\\nAfrican and South American explorers for their wanton destruction of the noble\\nbeasts of the forests nor can I understand how they can wish to couple the his-\\ntory of such exploits with that of their noble discoveries.\\nThe first mill erected in our town was turned by horse power, and was but little\\nbetter than the old Stockwell mortar. Major Jonas Wilder built the first grist-\\nand sawmill. Major Wilder brought his large and very respectable family to\\nLancaster in 1780. He had acquired a little fortune for those days, in his native\\nstate, and some few years before had purchased here a tract of land one mile", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0654.jp2"}, "655": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 571\\nsquare, which included the present burying-ground. In 1779, being chosen on a\\ncommittee to select a public burying-ground, he presented this mound to the\\ntown, to be used for that purpose. He commenced to build the cellar of the Hol-\\nton house on the famous dark day. The town-meeting was held at his house in\\n1779, and he was chosen one of the selectmen, which was his earliest appearance\\non the official records of Lancaster. He was a very valuable accession to this\\nsettlement, and has left a record of his life of which his descendants may well be\\nproud.\\nGovernor Page, so called by way of distinction merely, never was a resident of\\nLancaster, though named in the charter. He was only a sort of director of\\nthe settlement, making frequent journeys to visit the new colony, and by his coun-\\nsel and his services rendering them great aid in the management of their affairs.\\nHis daughter, Ruth Page, came here a spinster. On the night of the great frost,\\nthe 25th of August, 1764, she slept in the woods in Orford. on her way to Lan-\\ncaster, where she arrived the last of that month. She came to cook the food and\\ndo the work for the little colony, then more than forty miles from their nearest\\nneighbors. She was the first white woman who came to our town. The next\\nyear she married Emmons Stockwell, and began housekeeping on the old Stock-\\nwell place. She was then eighteen years of age, and he was twenty-three. They\\nlived together more than fifty-five years, and had fifteen children seven sons and\\neight daughters all of whom grew to maturity and in her old age Mrs. Stock-A\\nwell could call around her one hundred and ninety living descendants, three of\\nwhom yet survive Ephraim, Emmons, and John Stockwell whose combined\\nages are two hundred and forty-seven years. She died at the age of eighty-two\\nher husband at seventy-eight. David Stockwell, their oldest child, was the first\\nson of Lancaster. After a long and useful life, he perished a few years since in\\nthe conflagration of a portion of his dwelling.\\nEdwards Bucknam, a young follower of Governor Page, soon after married\\nanother of his daughters, and settled at the mouth of Beaver brook, where for\\nmany years Mr. Benjamin Adams resided. A hunter, named Martin, caught vast\\nnumbers of beaver, which abounded in the stream running through these mead-\\nows. The ingenious hunter gave his name to the meadows, and the ingenious\\nanimals to the stream they occupied. Bucknam was an accomplished surveyor, a\\nman of unbounded hospitality, and of great usefulness to the colony. He could\\nlet blood, draw teeth, and perform the marriage service before the minister\\nand doctor arrived. He did the business of the colony which required education.\\nHe laid out a large portion of the town, and many of the highways. At the\\nbeginning of the present century there was a very good road leading up the river\\nby his residence. In a few years the settlers in that vicinity crept back from\\nMartin s meadows, and cleared off the hills behind them. They all lived in log\\nhuts, quite rudely constructed, with roofs made of bark. They had no school,\\nand what to them was an infinitely greater hardship, no place of worship. Buck-\\nnam had six children, from whom have descended the Moores, the Howes, the\\nMclntires, and Bucknams. His daughter Eunice, the first child of Lancaster, was\\nborn in 1767.\\nDavid Page, the son of the governor, so called, came herewith the first settlers,\\nmarried his cousin, of Haverhill, and had thirteen children. The Page family\\nwere highly respectable. Any alliance with them was honorable. It was not so\\ndifficult for Stockwell and Bucknam, poor as they were, and lowly as their condi-\\ntion had been, to marry into high life. The young ladies, so elevated in society\\nand beautiful in person, could have had no better overtures in this settlement than\\nthose, which the young gentlemen were emboldened to make and the young ladies\\nto accept, because it was plainly the only change to which they seemed eligible.\\nStockwell possessed prodigious strength, and was capable of great endurance.\\nHe could not read or write till he was taught by his accomplished wife. He had", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0655.jp2"}, "656": {"fulltext": "572 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\na firm and vigorous mind, with a large sliare of common sense. In the days of\\nthe Revolution he was the salvation of the colony. The hardsliips and dangers\\nwhich surrounded them, the successive failure of their crops, the capture of two or\\nthree of the settlers by the hostile Indians, and the stormy future prospects of the\\ncountry, shook the resolution of the settlers, and they met at StockwelPs house to\\ndiscuss the abandonment of the town. The dauntless Stockweil declared, notwith-\\nstanding these things, My family and I sha n t go. He had seen this valley in\\n1759, and was enamored with its loveliness. He had chosen it for his home, for\\nthe better or for the worse, and he knew of no such thing as failure. A few fam-\\nilies rallied around him, and the settlement was saved.\\nFor many years there were no schoolhouses or schools. Mrs. Stockweil was a\\nrespectable scholar for those early days. She could read the Psalter, and write\\nand cypher very well, and in her own house taught the cliildren of the settlers.\\nShe had wonderful general capacity, which supplied all the wants of this new\\ncolony. She was one of those remarkable persons who could do everything that\\nwas necessary, and did everything well.\\nIn 1 791 the inhabitants of Lancaster voted to build a meeting-house, and in\\ntown-meeting chose, as a committee to locate and build it, Col. Edwards Buck-\\nnam. Col. Jonas Wilder, Capt. John Weeks, Lieut. Emmons Stockweil, Lieut.\\nJoseph Brackett, Lieut. Dennis Stanley, and Capt. David Page. From the military\\ntitles of the committee, one would expect great dispatch in this work but the\\nstructure was not completed for some years afterward. Taxes were assessed, pay-\\nable in wheat, rye, and corn, labor, and lumber at certain fixed prices, to aid in\\nits construction. In 1794 the first town-meeting was held in this meeting-house.\\nPrevious to this date they met at private houses to transact their business, and, as\\ntheir numbers increased, selected larger houses. Colonel Wilder s splendid new\\nmansion answered well till the meeting-house was ready.\\nThere was no regular preaching of the gospel, and no settled minister, till the\\neighteenth of September, 1794, when the Rev. Joseph Willard was settled here as\\npastor over a church gathered in July previous, consisting of twenty-four per-\\nsons. He presided over the religious affairs of the town for twenty-eight years.\\nHe had been in the Continental army through the Revolutionary War. He had a\\nnoble, commanding presence, a firm and measured step, which he preserved\\nthrough his lifetime. You may all thank God tliat in his providence he sent to\\nthe town of Lancaster such a man as Joseph Willard. He was a noble specimen\\nof goodness and religious faith was wise in counsel, learned in doctrine, and full\\nof true charity and grace. Ail honor to the memory of the Rev. Joseph Willard.\\nThe church was an imposing structure for those days. It was erected upon the\\nplain, on the very brow of the hili just south of the village. It had a tower at the\\nwest end, with two porches for entrance, and a broad entrance on the side. It\\nhad a high gallery, a lofty pulpit crowned with a high sounding-board, and, what\\nis yet more characteristic, the seats were all so arranged in the square pews that\\nthey could be raised during prayer, when the congregation stood up, and when\\nthe prayer was over would fall, one after another, with a horrible clatter. The\\nold church has passed away, or rather been moved away, down the hill, disman-\\ntled of all its sacredness, and made into a house of merchandise, except the\\npleasant room which rejoices in the name of the town hall. Even its foundations\\nhave been dug away; not a vestige of the long flight of stairs now remains, and\\nthe places that knew it shall know it no more forever. It will only live hereafter\\nin the songs and chronicles of its exterminators.\\nIt was many years after the first settlement of the town before schoolhouses\\nwere erected. I tliink the church preceded the schoolhouse. It was some years\\nbefore they built even framed huts with a single room. The Stockweil and Buck-\\nnam houses, of very moderate proportions, on the old homesteads, you will\\nremember. The two first splendid mansions, as they then called them, were the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0656.jp2"}, "657": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 573\\nfamous Holton house and the old Wilson tavern, at the north end of the street.\\nThe latter, and the little red cottage on the opposite side of the street, below it,\\nwere the two first painted houses in Lancaster. 1 think a portion of the present\\nStockwell house and the Holton mansion are all that now remain of those very\\nold structures.\\nThe first town-meeting which assembled in Lancaster was at the house of David\\nPage, in 1769. Capt. Thomas Burnside was moderator; Edwards Bucknam was\\nchosen clerk, to which office he was reelected for twenty-one years. They chose\\nfive selectmen. Unfortunately, the dwelling-house of Mr. Bucknam was destroyed\\nby fire in 1772, and with it perished the town records to that year. It is well\\nknown that Bucknam and Stockwell, Page, Wilder and Weeks, composed the\\ntown government for nearly thirty years. The salary of the settled minister\\nwas fixed at fifty pounds, one third of which was payable in cash and two thirds in\\nproduce. This was to increase as the inventory of the town increased, till it\\nreached eighty pounds.\\nThe first lawyer in Lancaster was Richard C. Everett. He was born in Provi-\\ndence, R. I., and was left an orphan early in life. He was at one time, during\\nthe Revolutionary War, a servant of General Washington. He came to Lancaster\\nin October, 1787, and with two other hardy men cut out the road through the\\nNotch for the purpose of transporting salt to upper Coos. He saved his earnings,\\nand went through Dartmouth college studied law in New York and at Haverhill,\\nin this state, and in 1793 began practice here. He rose to be district judge, and\\nto a high position as a sound and honorable man, and has left a spotless character\\nin the memory of men.\\nThe first bridge erected was the old Stockwell bridge, across Isreals river, and\\nthe right to cross it first was put up at auction, and bid off by Emmons Stockwell\\nfor five gallons of brandy, which cost him forty-two shillings a gallon.\\nIt was many years before any wheelwrights or wheels were found in Lancaster.\\nThe early settlers transported their merchandise upon two long poles, fastened\\ntogether by a cross-piece. One end answered for shafts, to which the horse was\\nattached, the other dragged upon the ground. It was similar in construction to\\nthe modern truck, without the wheels. There are many present who will remem-\\nber the caravans of farmers who, every winter, carried their produce to the Port-\\nland market in sleighs, where they purchased their annual supply of luxuries for\\ndomestic use and they will remember, too, their adventures and frolics, when,\\nsnow-bound on the journey, they were compelled to wait, sometimes for days, till\\nthe fierce storms were over and the roads were passable.\\nI have thus given you, to-day, only the outlines of a picture of Lancaster a hun-\\ndred years ago. The same heavens are indeed over our heads, the same moun-\\ntains wall in the valley, and the same river winds gracefully through the meadows,\\nbut all else, how changed It will not be thought invidious, on an occasion\\nentirely our own, to say, in compliment to ourselves, that we may defy the world\\nto produce a lovelier village, or more beautiful farms, or a better and happier\\npeople, than are found in our noble town and with its natural scenery, embracing\\nmountains and valleys, rivers and lakes, what spot is there on the earth of which\\nwe could feel prouder, and to which we could return with more delight? And how\\ncan we wonder, as the summer approaches, that men leave the great cities, their\\nbusiness and their homes, to look on this scenery, and breathe the air of these\\nmountains, and drink their inspirations?\\nIt may not be unprofitable to enter the chasm between the bounds of our cen-\\ntury, and learn something of the causes of our municipal growth and success. We\\nowe much, my friends, to the morality of our community. I am inclined to think\\nthat the theology of our early days was derived, in some measure, from the great\\nDoctor Wheelwright, who, banished from Massachusetts, settled in the vicinity of\\nExeter, and there led the religious development of our northern New England.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0657.jp2"}, "658": {"fulltext": "574 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nHe was a little more tolerant and less bigoted than the full-blooded Puritan, but\\njust as firm in his faith and unyielding in his opinions. They tried and Iimig the\\nwitches; he only tried xa.. He had a mantle of charity, small as it was; they\\nhad none at all, and gloried in their severity. I am inclined to believe that we\\nhave enjoyed a softer persecution between religious sects, a more tolerant theology,\\nfor which we are indebted to this gifted preacher.\\nWe owe much to the richness of our soil. The first settlers of this town\\nregarded the productions of their meadows in their earliest cultivations as wonderful.\\nThe grass grew so luxuriantly that rakes were in disuse, and the pitchfork was\\nonly needed to gather up the enormous crops. All kinds of vegetation, when the\\nspring was open, came forward with such rapidity, and with such a wealth of verdure,\\nas they had never known before and if a market were lying at your doors, to\\nstimulate the use of modern applications to bring forward vegetation earl}-, your\\nmeadows would now find no rivals in their productiveness and value.\\nWe owe much to natural scenery and in this connection I will only say that\\nthe early settlers had a quick eye for the beautiful. I cannot help thinking that\\none of our oldest inhabitants Mr. Edward Spaulding, a descendant of the famous\\nMrs. Dustin who was brought here, when a mere child, in his mother s arms,\\nafterward fixed his residence on the spot where he lived and where he died, because\\nof the exceedingly lovely landscape there spread out before him and there is not\\na single spot in our beautiful town which exceeds in beauty that where Spaulding\\nlived. He was a noble and generous man, too good ever to be unkind. He has\\ngone to his repose, and left an honored memory.\\nI need not apologize for the distinction in saying to you now, that I believe we are\\nlargely indebted to the energy and principle, the faith and the works of Stockwell and\\nBucknam, for the prosperity and real value of our ancient town. They were good,\\nand, in their way, great men. In our country, great and manly qualities are\\nfound in every class and condition of men. Extreme wealth and extreme poverty\\nfurnish most of the profligacy and licentiousness of society. Its chief strength,\\nhealth, and vigor are derived from the great middle classes, which represent the\\nlabor and the sound judgment of the country. I have often heard it said that the\\nrace of great men is dying out in our land. This is not the fact but great ability\\nseeks now the avenues of trade, commerce, and agriculture, because they yield a\\nbetter reward than statesmanship, or the professions, and men of second-rate\\nability, with more cunning than wisdom, have been permitted to stand in the\\nplaces of the giants of former years. You will recognize in the names of the\\ndescendants of these pioneers the large part they have borne in our material\\nwealth and prosperity. How large a portion of our population can look back\\nwith distinguished pleasure to these, their worthy ancestors Almost all of their\\ndescendants have settled among us. They have falsified the truth of history,\\nwhich declares that a stock of virtue in a family will run out in three generations\\nfor the great qualities of these first settlers have come down through their chil-\\ndren to this day unimpaired. All honor to the names of those noble pioneers;\\nand to the memory of that brave and noble-hearted woman, who, at that tender\\nage, came through the wilderness to aid the infant settlement, and nursed it for\\nmore than threescore years into life and prosperity, and left such a long list of\\nmourning descendants, we pay our grateful homage.\\nW e owe much of our prosperity to the little academy standing there bv the\\ngraveyard, in its new dress to-day, which I have never seen before. It shows\\nthat it is prosperous, and that the old ancestral fires have not yet gone out. I\\ntell you, seriously, that the education found within its walls for the past thirty\\nyears, for all the practical uses of life, has been not much inferior to that of our\\ncolleges; and in proof of what I say, I adduce the history and success of its\\nnumerous graduates, both men and women, to show how well, in practice and in\\nfact, they have stood l:)eside those who received their education in our great", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0658.jp2"}, "659": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 575\\nschools and universities. Having received here the best instruction in elemen-\\ntary studies, the student has gone out into the world as well prepared for the\\nstruggles of life, and to advance alone in the higher walks of attainment, as is\\ncommonly the case where they have pursued a regular course of college education.\\nOur students have studied here in maturer life, with firmer health and better con-\\nstitutions. They have taken in and appropriated what they have learned. It\\nhas formed their characters and given shape and vigor to their minds. I know\\nit may be said they are deficient in higher literary culture, which gives a finish to\\neducation. I grant this but they have here gained the strength and will to\\nclimb alone to higher and more rugged ways in after life, and through their lives,\\nthan any mere refinement of schools or colleges could give them. I do not, by\\nthis, mean to give any preference for the mere culture of earlier days, or to reflect\\nupon that of our own but I do mean to say that the times and ways of business\\nhave pressed upon us the necessity of educating our youths at too early an age,\\nand that elementary studies are too much neglected so that we lose more in\\nstrength than we gain in advantages. I wish we might retain the great virtues of\\nearlier times, to be added to the improvements of more modern systems; and if\\nour children do enter upon active life later, they will have more character and\\nstrength for the duties and perils that await them. Of what benefit is study, if\\nthe knowledge we get is not our own, and does not in some way enter into the\\ncharacter of the man? The little particles of matter absorbed by the roots ascend\\nthrough the body to the limbs and leaves, and when purified and prepared, be-\\ncome a part of the great tree, with its mighty trunk, its broad branches and rich\\nfoliage. And so is the growth of character from the particles of knowledge,\\nexperience, and truth, which, under the blessing of Almighty God, are gathered\\nup in life.\\nMy friends, I have thus imperfectly sketched the settlement and condition of\\nthis ancient town. This is a day of jubilee. We welcome home her children.\\nThe citizens of the town have opened their houses and their hearts, and bid you\\nwelcome. You can here see the old familiar faces you left behind you, the pic-\\ntures on the walls, the old curtains by the windows, the crockery on the table.\\nThey will recall to your minds pleasant reminiscences of your earlier days they\\nwill fill the canvas of memory with images of the past they will speak to you of\\nchildhood, and you will live over again, in a few brief hours, childhood s happy\\ndays. In yonder mound, formed by the hand of Nature for a country church-\\nyard, repose the ashes of our fathers; and the green turf of the new-made graves\\ntells us of some fresher griefs. Sadness and joy, sorrow and gladness, are\\nstrangely commingled in a day like this. But such is the lesson of life; its little\\nhistory is filled with events of which the experience of this day is but a brief epi-\\ntome. When we again leave these homes of childhood, may we go with fresh\\nstrength and firmer wills to the performance of all the duties of life; and as gene-\\nration after generation shall come and go in future centuries, may the virtues of\\nour ancestors never be forgotten, and may peace and prosperity forever dwell in\\nthis lovely valley\\nThe President. I see here to-day a gifted son of Lancaster.\\nI refer to Hon. Edward D. Holton of Wisconsin. The audience are\\nwaiting to hear him.\\nADDRESS OF MR. HOLTON.\\nMr. Chairt/iati, and Ladies and Gentlemen\\nThe first thing I desire to do here to-day (although it was not upon my pro-\\ngramme when I left home), is to thank King George the Third.- I never heard\\nthe magnificent charter of this old town read before, and I come here to thank", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0659.jp2"}, "660": {"fulltext": "576 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nthat good old king, we called him good in those days, though we did not\\nlike him a few years after, and had a good round turn with him, 1 come here to\\nthank him that, among other things, he laid down grand laws for the government\\nof this town. How wise was that provision which granted a tract of land for the\\nsupport of the ministry! Parson Willard enjoyed the benefits of that provision\\nup there on his farm and the benefits were mutual. Although the Puritans dif-\\nfered with him in some matters, yet there was the grand, magnificent fact, a\\ngospel for man the great foundation principle of man s progress and welfare.\\nMr. Chairman, the grand tribute which you have just paid to the memory of\\nStockwell and Page and Bucknam most thoroughly agrees with all that I have\\nheard of those noble men. There were other men, it seems, who came to Lan-\\ncaster with them but it remained for Stockwell, particularly, as the learned ora-\\ntor has told us, to stay the infant settlement. I am told that the first year the\\ncorn grew well for a time, and the people, who had lived upon suckers and clams\\ntaken out of the river, were looking with hope and confidence to the little patches\\nof corn in the meadows; but the frost came in August and killed it all, and with\\nit destroyed all their hopes. Several of those men then said: It is no use to\\nlive in this country. Here are beautiful meadows and streams, to be sure the\\naspects of nature are grand, but food man must have, and here, right in the\\nmidst of summer, it is all cut off, and we cannot live here; we must leave you.\\nStockwell said: I shall not go back, and I beg you not to go back. We\\nmust go back. Well, I shall stand here. I will go into the woods and kill\\nthe wild beasts in winter. I will stand here on the spot. And stand he did.\\nMr. Chairman, it is a blessed thing, growing out of our English character, this\\nlove of home, this grand old Saxon idea of home. When I got your message,\\nbidding me come here from a thousand miles away, I was so circumstanced that\\nit was exceedingly difiicult for me to leave. But I remembered my early home\\nI remembered that here was the place of my birth, and though I had traveled far\\nand seen many flourishing communities, and been cognizant of numerous settle-\\nments tiiat had sprung from the wilderness, as Lancaster did, still none of these\\nhad taken the place of that loved home, and though I got off from a sick bed, my\\nheart bounded with joy when I turned my face homeward. When I got to Chi-\\ncago I met Jim and Nat and Selden (three of the White brothers), and as we\\nrode along we talked and laughed and joked and were like boys again. What a\\nride was that When we went out we had to journey a thousand miles, through\\na country much of it occupied by savages we had to walk or ride on horseback\\na great part of the way, and now on our return we came careering on twenty- five\\nmiles an hour, so that in fifty hours we spanned the thousand miles between our\\nfar Western homes and this our natal spot.\\nAs we were riding along in Canada a gentleman who sat behind me called my\\nattention to a range of mountains across the magnificent St. Lawrence, and said:\\nThose mountains look splendidly. Do you know whether they are in New York\\nor in Vermont? Well, said I, I do n t think we have got down to the Ver-\\nmont line yet; I think they must be in New York. Well, said he, they\\nlook good to me. I haven t seen any mountains for ten years. I was born\\namong the mountains. Ah! where were you born? I was born in New-\\nHampshire. What town in New Hampshire? (I always claim kindred with\\nNew Hampshire people wherever I meet them. I claim them as cousins, and\\ngenerally kiss the women feeling at liberty to do that.)\\nThe President. I warn my friend not to come coiisinmg down\\nto Boston in his way. (Laughter.)\\nMr. Holton (resuming).\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Well, said he, I was born in Lancaster.\\nIndeed! that is my native town, sir. Pray tell me your name. My name", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0660.jp2"}, "661": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 577\\nis Derby. Indeed 30U are a descendant of Isaac Derby. Yes, said he,\\nmy father was Andrew Derby. Indeed and your mother was Mary Green-\\nleaf. Yes. Ah, I went to school to your mother, Mary Greenleaf.\\nWhere do you live? At Cedar Rapids, Iowa. What is your busi-\\nness? I am a merchant there; I sell books. He had made his way through\\nthe states as hundreds of others have done, as a schoolmaster, and finally found\\nhimself located in that magnificent country, the most beautiful that human eyes\\never rested upon, the valley of the Cedar river and has carried out there, from\\nthe old hearthstone, the fires that shall now be planted by him, in his turn, in\\nthat new country. He said there was another Lancaster boy on the train, and\\npresently he brought him along and introduced him as a Chessman boy. Thus\\nwe met, children of this good old town, and recalled the pleasant memories of\\nbygone times.\\nI do not know that I am right, but it has always seemed to me that Lancaster\\nwas a better town than Percy (formerly Stark) or Guildhall (I hope our friends\\nfrom those towns will pardon me), and I have often reflected what it was that thus\\ndistinguished my native town. I believe all that the learned orator has said in\\nregard to the influence of Lancaster to be true but what are the causes that have\\nproduced this influence? It will be profitable for us to consider that question as\\nwe meet here to-day. He has said that Mrs. Stockwell was the mother of fifteen\\nchildren, and counted, before her death, one hundred and ninety descendants.\\nWhy did you not clap your hands when he made that statement? There is not\\nso honorable a person in the world as she who gives human life. Stockwell and\\nDavid Greenleaf, who had twenty-one children, ought to have monuments to\\ntheir memory.\\nThe President. Their children are their monuments. These\\nare their jewels.\\nMr. Holton continued. What are the principles that produced these results?\\nMrs. Stockwell was a model woman. She not only read the Psalter, as the orator\\nhas told you, but in the absence of a settled minister, she drew the people\\naround her, in her own house, to hear that great principle which stands first\\nrelated to human welfare, namely, obedience to God.\\nBut it is not alone of those early people, of whom I know nothing except from\\nhearsay, that I would speak. I come down to people within my own memory, a\\ngoodly company. I remember Parson Willard well. So stately was he, so\\naugust his manner, so magnificent his bearing, that we boys were rather afraid\\nof him. I recollect that I used to run across the street when I saw him coming.\\nBut that fear did not keep us quiet in meeting, and sometimes we received a\\npointed rebuke from the pulpit, or the deacon came up into the gallery to pinch\\nour ears. (Laughter.) But who shall measure the influence and power of such\\na man? He stamjDed his influence upon all who came around him. Every man\\nand woman even those who did not go to his church felt it. Nor was he the\\nonly man who exerted an abiding influence for good. I well remember when\\nother good men came here. I came back in the days when Rev. Mr. Peck was\\nhere, and other men of the same class. And what a power were those men in\\nthis community, even in the last half of this century,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Peck and Hilburn and\\nOrange Scott and Wheelock And, by the way, Mr. Wheelock lives out in Wis-\\nconsin now, nearly ninety years of age, and an efiicient man he has been for\\ntwenty-five years in every good and noble work in that state. I have met him\\noften in conventions that have had for their object the promotion of the moral and\\nreligious welfare of the community. We have had energetic men in Lancaster\\nand in this neighborhood. The successors of those early settlers, Bucknam and\\nStockwell, were men of power. Here, too, were the Weekses, and old Major\\n37", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0661.jp2"}, "662": {"fulltext": "578 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nWhite (my friend has done no more than justice to that glorious man) and old\\nColonel Wilson. These were sterling men these were men of force and power,\\nand they have left their mark upon the town.\\nThen there has been a class of educated men among us. I have often reflected\\nupon that. At the upper end ot tiie street, when I was here, there was Pearson,\\nthere was Farrar, there was a lawyer by the name of Sheafe, a very accomplished\\nman. These were men of mark these were men who made their influence felt\\nin this community. Besides these there was A. N. Brackett, a modest, unas-\\nsuming man, not a man of education self-made, almost entirely. My mother,\\nwho relied upon him for counsel in times of adversity, used to send me down to\\nhis house, and I always found him reading or studying. I heard him deliver one\\nor two orations here. I remember him as a man of great philanthropy, emi-\\nnently just and patriotic, and a good man in the community. What a man of\\npower was John W. Weeks! I remember meeting him on one occasion, and he\\nlaid his hand on my head and said Young man, you are one of Mrs. Helton s\\nsons, aren t you? Yes, sir. What are you going to do? I don t know;\\nI shall dig my way along, I suppose. Why don t you go West? If I had ten\\nboys I would spank everyone of them if they did n t go West. (Laughter.)\\nThat was a blunt remark, but he was a steady, thoughtful, and cautious man.\\nEdward Spaulding has been alluded to. I remember him as a most excellent\\nman. Then there was William Lovejoy, a neighbor of ours. My recollection of\\nhim is of the most satisfactory kind. He used frequently to come, with his basket\\nin his hand, and saddle-bag of tools on his back, to his day s work as carpenter\\nand joiner, I have seen him many times wheeling his bushel of corn down to the\\nmill to be ground. I recollect him as a man of singular beauty and dignity of\\ncharacter. How did virtue stand out in his life, and how is it seen streaming\\nalong down through a goodly family! I want to say, once more, that the lives of\\nsuch men fill the world with goodness. Well have I known some members of\\nthis family. I wanted, above all things, to see John Lovejoy here to-day, and\\nexceedingly regret that I cannot.\\nNow, how has it been with those sons of Lancaster who have gone out from\\nthis valley to try their future in other parts of the land? So far as I can reckon\\nthem up, and I have endeavored to keep an eye on a few of them, they have done\\ntolerably well. Perhaps I may be permitted to say, leaving the two speakers on\\nthis occasion out, that, so far as I know, none of them have gone to the state\\nprison (laughter), none of them have dishonored their town. On the other hand,\\nmany of our Lancaster men have ornamented the various walks of life. If you\\nwant to buy any sugar go to Portland and buy of Mr. Brown. If you want to iDuy\\nany clothing, you will find the White boys, at Chicago, fair dealers. If you want\\nany scales, go to St. Johnsbury, and buy of Baker, Bingham Porter. Those\\nSt. Johnsbury scales have a great reputation there is not a merchant on the con-\\ntinent who would think he could get along without them, and I believe there are\\nno better scales in the world but I think they would have failed without our\\nLancaster boys, Oliver Baker, Chandler Porter, and Mr. Bingham. Then we\\nhave a distinguished representative of Lancaster on the bench, in the person of\\nJudge Woodruff; so, if you have suits to be tried, try them before him. If you\\nwant a lawyer, go to Oregon and get Farrar but be sure you get him here before\\nyour suit comes on! (Laughter.)\\nMr. Chairman, the hours are rapidly passing away. I shall not trespass much\\nlonger upon your patience. There is a long list of names that I have run over in\\nmy mind, as those of men particularly worthy of mention on an occasion like this\\nbut, in the hasty remarks that I have made, many of them have slipped from my\\nmemory. These men deserve to be remembered and honored, for they laid broad\\nand deep the foundations of pul)lic and private virtue in this town, without which\\nthe welfare of no community can be secured. Let every man, and especially", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0662.jp2"}, "663": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 579\\nthese young men, understand this, that in this day of our country s peril and our\\ncountry s need, when there is accumulating upon us such a burden of debt, pri-\\nvate virtue is the only thing that will shield us in these trying hours. It is the\\nvirtue of the individual men and women who have lived within her borders that\\nhas shielded Lancaster in the past it is that which has brought us together here,\\nand made us joyful beyond measure in the greetings of this centennial day.\\nLet me say, in conclusion, that I come home with increasing love for my native\\ntown. And let me exhort you to stand by the principles of your fathers. I shall\\ngo back to the West feeling more and more the importance of those principles,\\nand feehng called upon to gird myself up, so long as I live, to maintain those\\nprinciples, and help to lay the same foundations that our fathers laid.\\nThere is one other matter to which I wish to refer. You, sir, alluded to our\\nfirst preceptor, Mr. Wilson. I also want to thank him. They used to thrash us\\nmost tremendously, those old schoolmasters. No doubt the boys and girls\\nneeded considerable whipping, but they pounded us most unmercifully. When\\nMr. Wilson came here he turned over a new leaf. He said, You are gentlemen\\nand fine fellows. That pleased us amazingly. We accepted his word, and he\\nnever had occasion to whip any of us, I think. I want to say that I owe a great\\ndeal to Mr. Wilson for the noble reformation that he made in this respect. He\\nfirst taught our school here in the old schoolhouse, and then assumed the charge\\nof the academy. I had the pleasure of attending just one term at the school and\\nthen one term at the academy, and I never gained in my life, from any one mind,\\nso much benefit as I derived from that gentleman s instruction in those few brief\\nmonths. I have always attributed much of my success in life to the excellent\\nideas and excellent spirit which he inculcated. Be careful, you that are engaged\\nin teaching, how you deal with young minds. Learn from him to deal gently,\\nkindly with them. To lead is better than to drive. We are all able to speak of\\nthe excellence of that school, which has existed now the major part of half a cen-\\ntury.\\nMy friends, this is indeed a joyous day. You, sir, spoke of the beauty of\\nour town. I come back to testify to the same thing. I have had an opportunity\\nto look over this country quite extensively, and I can say that you enjoy one of\\nthe most favored spots that are to be found in this whole land. So far as healthful-\\nness of climate, soil, and temperature, and the other great elements that go to\\nmake up the prosperity of any country are concerned, I should scarcely know\\nwhere to go rather than to this very locality. In 1862 I had occasion to travel\\nthrough New England when the land was suffering severely from drouth, and as\\nI approached Portland there were a thousand acres on fire the roots of the grass\\nwere being burned up all that region was as barren as a desert. I came to Lan-\\ncaster, and this beautiful valley was green as the garden of Paradise. It is so\\nto-day. All through the West we are suffering from a severe drouth. The farm-\\ners are not expecting to get half a crop. Wisconsin, Iowa, Ohio, are suffering\\ndreadfully. But everything here is green and beautiful and, take it year by year,\\nI do not know where you could go to better your fortunes. Not but that you can\\nfind magnificent openings in the West, but the man who has got a good home let\\nhim not sell out that home because he expects to find a better. He may find a\\nbetter one in some respects, but I tell you, look far and long before you part with\\nthese green fields and these magnificent slopes because of any hearsay story of\\nbetter lands.\\nMr. Chairman, I have trespassed too long upon your patience. We shall not\\nmeet at Lancaster again at the end of another century. Time, with many of us,\\nflies quickly. Let us act well our part, upon the principles that have been sug-\\ngested, and whether we meet here again or not, all is well.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0663.jp2"}, "664": {"fulltext": "58o HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe Presh^ENT. My honorable friend has not trespassed upon\\nour patience. I would beg leave, however, to make a simple cor-\\nrection of one of his remarks. When he spoke of the Lancaster\\nboys who had not been to the state prison, he excepted himself and\\nexcepted me. I desire to relieve him from excepting me. He\\nshall enjoy that distinguished honor alone. (Laughter.)\\nAnother piece of music was then performed by the band, after\\nwhich the procession was reformed and marched to the field a short\\ndistance south of the church, where a rustic bower of evergreens\\nand maples, covering two thirds of an acre, had been constructed,\\naffording a pleasant and grateful shade. In this bower tables had\\nbeen spread for two thousand five hundred people, and were abun-\\ndantly supplied with substantial and attractive viands, to which the\\nlarge company, filling the capacious bower, did full justice. Prayer\\nwas offered by Rev. Mr. Fay of the Congregational church, and\\nthen a half hour or more was spent in discussing the bountiful re-\\npast, which was served by a committee of ladies, who devoted them-\\nselves assiduously and untiringly to the comfort of their guests.\\nThe wants of the physical nature having been satisfied, the president\\ncalled the company to order.\\nThe President. The ladies are requested, as far as possible, to\\nbe seated. For the first time in all the world some of them are\\nobstructions. (Laughter.) I am not aware of any way by which\\nwe can contrive to be heard unless the audience remain silent.\\nWe have a few gentlemen present whose names are prominent in\\nour minds, and we shall desire to hear from them, for they must\\nhave something to say. Having occupied your attention so long this\\nmorning, I will not preface the exercises here with any remarks of\\nmy own. I therefore call upon the marshal for the first regular toast.\\nColonel Kent. In the absence of the toastmaster, various\\ntoasts, sentiments, and letters have been committed to my care.\\nThe toasts, as hereafter indicated in italics, were then read, re-\\nsponses being made on the call of the president.\\nThe Officers and Soldiers Present.\\nThe President. We have scarcely referred to-day to the mili-\\ntary spirit of our ancient town, and yet I think it may be remem-\\nbered with pride. There occur to me at this moment the names of\\nmany of our citizens who have done noble service for their country,\\nand I desire to read a little notice, which I find in the Brooklyn\\n(N. Y.) Union, of the services of a gallant gentleman whom I see\\nbefore me.\\n[This notice referred to the part taken by the Sixty-seventh New\\nYork, volunteers (First Long Island) in the war, and Col. Nelson\\nCross, its present commander.]", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0664.jp2"}, "665": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 58 I\\nThat is a truthful description of the noble part taken by Colonel\\nCross in the present war. It speaks for itself. I have read it be-\\ncause it is a record so honorable. He has been in every fight; he\\nhas done his duty faithfully, and comes here to-day, having passed\\nunharmed through every danger. I now beg leave to call upon\\nColonel Cross, Sixty-seventh New York regiment, for a few re-\\nmarks.\\nSPEECH OF COL. NELSON CROSS.\\nMen and Women of Lancaster I heard of your celebration in the army, some\\nweeks before my time expired. I was then so circumstanced that I thought it\\ndoubtful, in more than one view, whether I should be able to be with you to-day.\\nI thought your celebration was to be on the 12th, and I took the evening cars on\\nthe nth, determined to be here at the close of the exercises, if I could not before.\\nBut on my way I met some friends on their route, who informed me that it was to\\nbe on the 14th, and that I was still in time. I was glad to know it. I wished\\nto be here, to meet my old friends, and to witness that reunion of Lancaster peo-\\nple which I knew would be so productive of pleasure to us all. I wished to come\\nsimply to mingle with you as one of your citizens, not to take an active part; and\\nwhen I was asked to address you here, I rather declined. I wished to be a sim-\\nple looker-on. I never felt less like speaking than I do to-day. This coming\\ntogether of old friends this thronging upon me of old memories, the dearest of\\nmy life this standing amidst the old scenes of my boyhood, is too much for me.\\nIt utterly unmans me, and unfits me to address you as I should.\\nMy career in the army has been alluded to. It is true I have been in the army\\nfor three years. I went there, not because I had been bred to the profession of\\narms, not because I had any liking for that profession, for I had not, but because\\nI saw the country in danger, and I felt that the great danger arose from the fact\\nthat we were not a military nation. We had become one of the greatest commer-\\ncial nations on the face of the earth we had become a great agricultural people\\nbut we had devoted less time and money to military training, to preparing our-\\nselves for human butchery, than any other nation in existence and I felt, as a\\ncitizen, called on to go forth to the field, and I gave up all and went. I spent\\nsome time in organizing a regiment in Brooklyn, N. Y., where I happened to be\\nliving, raising and organizing it in opposition to some of the leading politicians\\nof the place but when I called upon the general government to accept it, they\\nthought they did not want it they thought they had enough seventy-five thou-\\nsand men, they thought, were more than sufficient to crush out this rebellion,\\nFinally, however, they were prevailed upon to take us. On the 20th of June,\\n1 861, we were mustered into the service, and from that time to this we have par-\\nticipated in the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac. Further than this, for\\nmyself, I cannot say. We have done our duty. We have gone wherever we\\nhave been sent we have stayed wherever we have been put. I brought home\\nbut the fragment of a regiment. That is the saddest part of it all. The soil of\\nVirginia has been made sacred in this war as it was never made before. Among\\nyou, how many there are who have cause to mourn the loss of some relative or\\nfriend, who has been left on the field, or here, on yonder sacred hill, sleeps\\namong his dearest friends, whose career has been cut short by this terrible war,\\nwhich, I fear, is not yet near its end\\nI have this to say for the citizen soldiers, however, as a general remark No\\nbetter soldiers ever lived, no braver men ever went forth to battle, than the men\\nwho have been sent forth by your state and by other states, men who, from the\\ncounting-house and the plough, all unskilled in the art of war, sprang to arms", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0665.jp2"}, "666": {"fulltext": "582 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nwhen their country was threatened, and went forth, as I said before, to the field.\\nThey have done all that is vested in human power to do; they have combatted\\nan enemy as fearless, as determined, as persistent, as ever an enemy was, and\\nhave failed to overcome him, simply because they have met him as a general\\nthing at great disadvantage, and frequently, too frequently, with overpowering\\nnumbers opposed to them. During the last campaign, we attacked him in his\\nfortified positions, and everywhere we found him ready to receive us, and in force\\nequal to our own. You wonder, perhaps, why Richmond has not been taken.\\nIf you had been with me, if you had passed through the scenes I have passed\\nthrough, you would know why Richmond has not been taken, and you would\\nknow that you have got more to do at home before Richmond can be taken. You\\nmust make further sacrifices more men must go forth to battle. I would it\\nwere not so. But let us rest where the old Roman rested, on whose sword was\\ninscribed, Draw me not without cause; sheath me not without redress on\\npatriotism and valor. You have drawn the sword in the most sacred cause in\\nwhich man was ever engaged the preservation of your liberties. I beg you not\\nto sheath that sword until the work is accomplished until the power of the rebel-\\nlion is crushed, and the country is restored to peace.\\nI hope you do not think I am making a political speech. I am no partisan I\\nhave given up party, and I know but one principle, and that is, to stand by the\\ncountry at all times, at all hazards, and under all circumstances. (Applause.)\\nWhen the chairman told me I was to say something to-day, I felt as I have told\\nyou utterly unprepared to give voice to the feelings that crowd upon my soul.\\nI feel so now. Instead of offering a sentiment to call up some one individual, I\\nwill conclude with a sentiment which addresses itself to all, which I have pre-\\npared since I was invited to speak, and you will excuse me from saying more now.\\nI would say, however, that there is no individual among you who experiences a\\nhigher pleasure or a sincerer gratitude to God that he is permitted to mingle with\\nyou to-day than I do. A few years ago, in Milwaukee, I met the gentleman who\\nhas addressed you (Mr. Holton), and we had some conversation in regard to a\\nreunion of Lancaster people but the war broke out soon after that, and these\\nthings were forgotten. But in spite of the war, you determined to bring about\\nsuch a reunion, and I rejoice that you have been so successful in drawing together\\nLancaster people from all parts of the country, and have given occasion to every\\none to rejoice in the embrace of old friends.\\nOnce again the blooming valley\\nOffers up its grateful charms,\\nAnd the circling hills securely\\nFold you in their shielding arms.\\nLo, the mountains famous ever\\nIn the architectural plan,\\nThus it is that God, the Father,\\nHere reveals himself to man.\\nIn these wondrous works behold him.\\nSee his image, hear his voice.\\nWho hath made the hills to blossom.\\nAnd the mountains to rejoice.\\nReared within these classic borders,\\nEdged and tempered for the strife.\\nYe have probed the world s disorders.\\nLeading men to better life.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0666.jp2"}, "667": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 583\\nArt and science, manifestations\\nOf the Infinite and True,\\nYe have spread among the nations,\\nForemost where there s work to do.\\nBring your laurel branches hither.\\nLay them on the altar s hearth\\nThey will keep your memory greener\\nIn the land that gave you birth.\\nThe second regular toast was then read\\nThe Day We Celebrate.\\nThe President. Some years ago, I happened to be traveHng\\nthrough the Western country, and came to the city of Milwaukee.\\nIt presented a New England appearance. I always find that I can\\ntrace New England people by the New England houses and scenes\\naround them. Take a New England man and cast him into the\\nwilderness, and he will sow, as far as he can reach, New England\\nprinciples and habits. On inquiry, I found in that city a New Eng-\\nland man, whom they told me was one of the fathers of the place\\nhaving lived through its entire history. I remember that only\\nthirty years ago Wisconsin was made a territory, and it has been a\\nstate but fifteen years. I find that it is six times as large as the\\nstate of New Hampshire, and has 150,000 children in the public\\nschools. Who could stand with such prosperity? Who could lead\\nand direct it; who create it? Well, my friends, I will show you\\nthe man who contributed to it largely one of my old schoolmates,\\nEdward D. Holton. And now, if he is here, I would like to know\\nwhat he has to say about Wisconsin. There was one thing more\\nthat I saw in Milwaukee. I went down to the market, and found\\nthere a cart-load of salmon trout floundering about, that had not\\nbeen out of the lake, apparently, more than half an hour. They\\nwere as large as calves (Loud laughter.) It is the greatest\\ncountry I ever saw, out there, and Milwaukee is one of the greatest\\nplaces; and this gentleman (Hon. Edward D. Holton) is one of the\\ngreatest men in that place. (Renewed merriment.)\\nSPEECH OF HON. E. D. HOLTON.\\nI wonder if there is any justice of the peace here I want to have this young\\nman indicted. (Laughter.) He has dealt most profusely in broad statements,\\nwhich I think ought to expose him to a great deal of censure. I think he is in-\\ndictable, though I am not much of a lawyer. Now about those salmon, big as\\ncalves That is a big story. Old Billy Ingerson never saw as big salmon as\\nthat in the Connecticut, in all his life, although he saw awful big salmon, as well\\nas big bears. (Laughter.)\\nI heard the name of Milwaukee, the city where I have the honor to live, men-\\ntioned by our excellent and esteemed president. Well, friends, it has been my", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0667.jp2"}, "668": {"fulltext": "584 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nfortune to see what, perhaps, falls to the lot of but few persons of my age to see.\\nI have witnessed every brick raised in that city of now sixty thousand inhabitants.\\nWhen I went to Milwaukee it was a hamlet, and there was but a single brick\\nhouse a one-story building. Now it is literally a city of bricks. One of the\\npeculiarities of the town is, that there is an extraordinary deposit of clay, that\\nmakes a yellow or cream-colored brick. Those bricks are found all over the\\ncountry. There is scarcely a city in the United States that has not now some\\nhandsome structure built of those bricks. They make a peculiarly handsome\\nmaterial for building. Milwaukee is a cream -colored city the natural color of\\nthe bricks. Very superior bricks are these they are equal to marble for endur-\\nance. It has been my privilege also to see that people grow. I have seen the\\npeople come trooping in until the state has reached a population of a million.\\nMany of these people are Germans. I have seen a great deal of the Germans,\\nand I have come to love them very much. At least twenty or twenty-five thou-\\nsand of the inhabitants of Milwaukee are Germans. They are a noble people.\\nThey have some peculiarities. They arefvery fond of lager beer, and deal in it\\nalmost everywhere; but now and then a Yankee likes a little lager. But still,\\nthey are a most industrious, law-abiding people, and a people of great productive\\npower. To illustrate the stability of the Germans, I will mention that I took a\\nlad, twelve years old, from the street, who was indentured to me, in the old-\\nfashioned way, for six or seven years. That was in 1842, twenty-five years ago,\\nand that boy has remained with me from that time to this that is, in the differ-\\nent stations I have occupied. He is now a bookkeeper in one of the banks, to\\nwhich I introduced him, having brought him up to that business. This steadi-\\nness and tenacity in business are what we need, and we shall borrow them from\\nthe German character.\\nAnother characteristic of the German is his love for home. Any Yankee will\\ngo to work and fix up a farm, and then sell it right out, without even asking per-\\nmission of his wife, if he can get his price. Not so with the Germans, Mr.\\nChairman. I can take you to many a German who would not sell his farm if you\\ncovered it with gold. It is worth twenty dollars an acre, perhaps. You say to\\nhim, I will give you twenty-one. No. I will give you twenty-two.\\nNo. I will give you twenty-five. No: you can t buy it at all. Why\\nnot? It is my house my home. Well, this stability of character, united\\nwith the characteristics of our people, is really going to improve us. A good\\ncross is an advantage. That boy to whom I have referred is now a young man,\\nand is worth $25,000, which he has accumulated by little savings. I want to call\\nthe attention of young American men to this element of the German character\\nsteadiness, perseverance, and economy. It is an element which we need to in-\\ncorporate into the American character. So, in Milwaukee, I congratulate myself\\nat the new type of character that the German population will bring among us.\\nThey are peculiar in some things, as I said before. They have departed from the\\nold faith of Luther to a considerable extent. They are a little degenerate in the\\nmatter of theology, but that we hope to remedy.\\nOur schools are open; the New England element comes in, and we hope to\\ngather up all the children to meet together in our common schools. We hope to\\nkeep ourselves well up with the times in that regard. We have now nine school-\\nhouses, three stories high, which have cost from fifteen to forty thousand dollars\\napiece. I know of no public buildings around there that are so handsome and\\nelegant as they are. Into those schools we introduce the best talent that can be got,\\nas teachers. Our common schools will carry the young man or the young maiden\\nup to the languages, and perfect them in everything they need. And we are\\nspreading this education broadcast, as you do, to all those German and Irish and\\nScotch and Welch that come among us, and thus we will produce a homogeneous\\npopulation, that shall spread out and produce, we hope, a higher order of char-", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0668.jp2"}, "669": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 585\\nacter than we have yet seen on the continent in that valley of the Mississippi.\\nGod, we trust, will bless the efforts that are being put forth, not only by Mil-\\nwaukee, but by other cities and towns in the West. The great city of Chicago\\nmight be instanced, in a far grander sense than Milwaukee, for they have done\\nnobler and better in all those matters that stand related to the highest welfare of\\nthe community. By applying these instrumentalities, we hope finally to prepare\\na population that shall be, with you here, a sheet-anchor, that shall hold the\\nnation against any force that may be brought against it.\\nThe President. This is an occasion when the forms of men\\nrise up before us swifter than thought. Of the oldest inhabitants,\\nI cannot help mentioning the name of Barnard, whose white locks\\nand venerable appearance I well recollect, for he was aged when I\\ncame to Lancaster. He was a man of extensive culture, a fine\\nspeaker, and an honorable gentleman. He has gone from among\\nus, but his life and character will be valuable, now and always. I\\nremember, too, Richard Eastman, one of the most honored and\\nhonorable men in our town. He was a man without reproach.\\nFortunate is he who successfully follows his example. Henry Ward\\nBeecher once said that he wanted to live among the hills, where\\nthere had been trouble where there had been steam power which\\nhad thrown up, in some grand convulsion, great mountains. It was\\na very ancient engine that burst when these hills were blown up\\nfrom their deep foundations. There is a gentleman here to-day\\nwho has always been familiar with steam power, and on the train of\\nfortune. But he loves his mountain home. He is a son of Lancas-\\nter, who went out into the world alone, and has come back, bearing\\nthe record of an honorable and successful life. I mean Nathaniel\\nWhite, Esq. He sends me this sentiment, being too modest to\\nspeak\\nMay our town always keep on the track of prosperity, and may\\nher merchandise be transported as successfully as this occasion\\ntransports us.\\nThe third regular toast was then read\\nOur Friends fro7n Abroad.\\nThe President. The gentleman who was expected to respond\\nto that toast was the first preceptor of the academy in this place,\\nNathaniel Wilson, and I know there are many of his old pupils here\\nto-day who will be delighted to see and hear him. He claims not\\nto have educated me wholly, but only half of me. I am sorry to\\nsay, however, that in that he is mistaken it was her sister.\\n(Laughter.) The value of the services that gentleman has ren-\\ndered the town cannot be calculated. His pupils all speak of him\\nwith respect and affection. If present, I wush he would come for-\\nward and address them a moment.\\n[Mr. Wilson did not respond, and the president continued.]", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0669.jp2"}, "670": {"fulltext": "586 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nMy friends, before any of you retire, there is a little business to\\nbe transacted. I propose that when we adjourn, it be to meet again\\nat this place on the 14th of July, 1964 (laughter and applause), and\\nI venture, in behalf of the committee of arrangements, to invite all\\nof you to be present. (Renewed merriment.) The orator will by\\nthat time be ready to dehver his oration, and the governors of Mas-\\nsachusetts and New Hampshire will be able to attend. If it is your\\nwish, when we do adjourn, to adjourn for a hundred years, and to\\nmeet as proposed, you will say Aye. Aye, aye. It is a unan-\\nimous vote, therefore you will all be here. (Great merriment.)\\nThe next regular toast was then read\\nOu7 Honored Dead,\\nResponded to by Henry O. Kent, giving statistics of enlistments,\\nmortality, and notable acts on the part of the town and natives of\\nLancaster in the service.\\nThe PRESH3ENT. I do not mean to say, ladies and gentlemen,\\nthat Lancaster has ever felt very materially any of its great losses,\\nbecause its resources have been so unbounded. It has, however,\\nbeen quite a custom in times past for inquiring young men, and\\nalso sometimes for sober, serious, and disconsolate older ones, to\\nmake pilgrimages to our mountains, to recuperate their health and\\nrestore their spirits. They often came to Lancaster for relief, and\\nfor a spiritual medicine, carry off our daughters to adorn other\\nhomes in other states. I have seen here to-day one of these fortu-\\nnate men from Massachusetts, a valued acquaintance and friend of\\nmine for some years. If Mr. Ezra C. Hutchins is in the audience, I\\nwould like to ask him what sentiment he cherishes for the town of Lan-\\ncaster, the birthplace of his better half? I know he has very happy\\nfeelings and a most thankful disposition concerning us. I will venture\\nto say he is a very fortunate man, and must know it. (Laughter.)\\nMr. Hutchins sent up the following toast: May the daughters\\nof Lancaster be found as lovely in the future as they have been in\\nthe past.\\nFourth regular toast\\nOur Conunon Coufitry.\\nThe President. I have been requested to call upon Daniel C.\\nPinkham, Esq., to respond to this toast.\\nIn the necessary absence of Mr. Pinkham, the next sentiment was\\nannounced\\nThe Ancient Fraternity\\nColonel Kent. I will call upon Sir Knight Jared I. Williams\\nto respond to that sentiment. He was early connected with the", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0670.jp2"}, "671": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 587\\nrevival of the order in this town, and it is as much indebted to him\\nas to any person for its present flourishing condition.\\nSPEECH OF SIR KNIGHT J. I. WILLIAMS.\\nI could wish, sir, that some older member of the fraternity, some one better\\nversed in its history, and whose eloquence would do better justice to it than any\\nwords of mine, had been designated to respond to this sentiment but as I make\\nit a rule never to shrink from trying, at least, to do my part, I will say a few\\nwords.\\nIn 1797, I think, authority was given to Mr. John Weeks and associates to\\nestablish North Star lodge. From that time down to the Morgan excitement the\\nlodge worked on, with that varying fortune that marks all human institutions\\nsometimes meeting with a high degree of prosperity, and at other times sinking to\\na very low state. At that time, when unprincipled politicians then, as always,\\nready to seize upon anything to accomplish their ends grasped at the alleged\\nabduction of a worthless citizen to raise an outcry against the order, the lodge\\nlanguished, and finally the charter was returned to the grand lodge, where it\\nremained until 1852, when Dr. Eliphalet Lyman procured its restoration. Since\\nthen it has prospered to a great degree, and now numbers some hundred and\\nfifty members. What we have accomplished for the good of the town, how far\\nour lessons of love and kindness taught in the lodge have gone toward uniting\\nthe people of this town, will only be known when the last records are made up\\nand we all stand before our Master and wait his final inspection. This much we\\nknow, that the honored names of those who have presided over us, and who have\\nassisted us in all our undertakings, are those of our most respected citizens men\\nof worth, whose names are sufficient vouchers that we have been engaged in noth-\\ning wrong, but that we have always wrought for the best interests of our native\\ntown. The names of Weeks and Savage and Wilson and Chapman, and others\\nfamiliar to the older citizens of this town, are good sureties for our well meaning,\\nand, I think, for our good conduct. To-day we have met together and carried\\nbefore you the banner of the knights of old, the emblem of our order. With\\npleasure we have done it, and we hope it has reminded you, as it ever reminds\\nus, that in our course of life the cross of our blessed Saviour should be our only\\nguide.\\nI would here remind my brother Masons that this is the first time that we have\\nbeen called out on an occasion of festivity. Our meetings have been generally\\nthose of sorrow and mourning. Soon after the restoration of our lodge we were\\ncalled to lay the remains of Dr. Lyman in the silent tomb, and pay to them the\\nlast sad honors which were denied by his kindred. We recorded his virtues upon\\nour records, and threw over his frailties the mantle of Masonic charity. Since\\nthen we have been called upon to bury many of our most influential members.\\nI was struck with the mention, by the marshal, of Colonel Cross, Lieutenant\\nLewis, and others, who have fallen in this Civil War, and whom we have laid in\\nthe grave.\\nBut, citizens of Lancaster, as we joyously assist you on this occasion, so we\\nask you to assist us with your smiles and your encouragement, that our Masonic\\ntrowels maybe more efficient in spreading the cement of love and Union that\\nour Masonic swords may be sharper to smite asunder the arrows of temptation,\\nand that our armor may be proof against them.\\nThe next regular toast was then read\\nThe Volunteer Army.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0671.jp2"}, "672": {"fulltext": "588 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nSeventh regular toast:\\nThe Federal Navy.\\nColonel Kent. I desire to call upon a son of Lancaster to\\nrespond to that toast; a young man whose bravery is only equaled\\nby his modesty; who has gone through the several gradations in\\nthe navy, until he now holds the honorable position of lieutenant.\\nI refer to Alfred T. Snell, late of the ship Lancaster.\\nThe Preshjent. I happen to know something of the manner\\nin which Lieutenant Snell has performed his duties, and it has been\\nso creditable that I am sure his name will be written among the\\nhonored sons of the town.\\nLieutenant Snell having left the bower, Colonel Kent said\\nI desire to call for a toast from an old and respected citizen,\\nwhose long and honorable career has been without spot or blemish\\nwhose descendants have sprang up around him, and whom we all\\nrejoice to see here to-day. I allude to Col. John H. White. Will\\nhe favor us with a sentiment, or some remarks?\\nColonel White said he had no speech to make, but he would offer\\nas a sentiment,\\nLancaster as it was one hundred years ago, a howling wilderness,\\nnow blossoming like the rose. Never need a son look beyond his\\nown town to find anything surpassing the sublime beauty of its\\nscenery.\\nEighth regular toast\\nThe Churches and the Sabbath Schools.\\nTo this toast there was no response, and the next was read, as\\nfollows\\nThe Early Settlers of Our Town.\\nSPEECH OF REV. WM. R. JOYSLIN OF BERLIN, VT.\\nMr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen I thank you for the invitation to respond\\nto this toast. I am one of those who revere age, and it is exceedingly pleasant to\\nme, when I come back here, to see so many reverend and revered men and\\nwomen, who have given character to our town. The earliest settlers have passed\\noff the stage. Stockvvell, Bucknam, Spaulding they have passed off, as indi-\\nviduals, from the stage of action, but their descendants remain; and this town,\\nin the families of the Spauldings, the Savages, the Stockwells, the VVeekses, and\\ntheir descendants, directly and indirectly, with their comfortable homes, attests\\nthe character of those settlers. They were industrious, thrifty, sturdy men, and\\nthey gave character and life to this town. Their descendants are of the same\\nclass, and we know as we look abroad over our community that they are its\\nbone and sinew. Our fathers endured stern hardships and privations. Mr.\\nEdward Spaulding, who settled upon the hill, was brought here in the arms of\\nhis mother the first infant brought to this town. Many came from Massachu-\\nsetts, as we have heard. They came into the wilderness and laid the foundations", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0672.jp2"}, "673": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 589\\nupon which our prosperity has Ijeen built up. Among other things and it may\\nbecome me to speak of it, my friends they brought with them and estabhshed\\nthe Gospel and its institutions. The early settlers reared the old meeting-house,\\nand there the families gathered in those pews every pew representing a family\\nand thus the people of this town were brought together in a bond of religious and\\nspiritual union a union that will outlast all other unions. Our stability, my\\nfriends, is in following the example that has been exhibited by the lives and the\\nactions of the early settlers; holding fast to the truth, building upon the founda-\\ntions that they laid, and standing by the principles that have been committed to\\nus by a Christian and pious ancestry. I believe that in this rests our strength,\\nand that by this we shall conquer.\\nMay we, my friends, be as faithful in our day and generation those who are\\ncoming upon the stage and those who are now in middle life\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as the early set-\\ntlers of this town and 7nay the prosperity of this town henceforth be an honor to\\nus, as it has been an honor to them. May we all stand in the principles that\\nwere left to us, and be a united and a happy people.\\nIn this connection, a communication received from Judge Wood-\\nruff of Ohio, whose wife is the daughter of Hon. John H. White,\\nwas read.\\nColonel Kent continued Several other toasts have been\\nhanded in by various parties during the day, to which no person\\nhas been assigned to respond. I will read them.\\nBy Nathaniel Wilson, Esq., the first preceptor of the academy, of\\nOrono, Me.\\nLancaster In the grandeur and beauty of her natural scenery\\nunrivaled, but in her social relations more notable, more truly beau-\\ntiful. As her generations in the past century were distinguished in\\nall the elements that constitute an intelligent and virtuous commu-\\nnity, may the present and the future rival the past.\\nBy Rev. John Lovejoy, the chaplain designated for the occasion,\\nwho, much to our regret, is unable to be with us to-day:\\nLancaster. Beautiful for situation the joy of all resident and\\nabsent citizens. Surrounded by the Mountains of God, may her\\nlove for liberty, education, religion, and religious institutious be as\\npermanent as the White Mountains.\\nThe United States. The most glorious, the happiest, the most\\nmagnificent dwelling for men on earth. Its disunion is sought by\\nworthless men. Let the language of every loyal heart be, The\\nUnion MUST and SHALL be preserved. May the eternal God be\\nits refuge, and underneath, the everlasting arms.\\nT/ie Ladies. No celebration is complete without the presence\\nof the ladies. At this time we welcome them with peculiar pleas-\\nure. We attribute the present position of the town, in wealth, cul-\\nture, and influence, to the force of their example and the effect of\\ntheir labors. While we cherish with the warmest affection the name", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0673.jp2"}, "674": {"fulltext": "590 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nof the town of our youth, we can never forget the dear ones that\\nhave made and still rend^er it doubly dear.\\nThe Committees of the Occasion. Better labor was never more\\ncheerfully rendered than that by our men, matrons, and maids, in\\npreparing this enthusiastic welcome to the old home. May the\\nefforts they have shown in our behalf bear abundant fruit in the\\nharvest of pleasant recollections that will spring from the seed here\\nplanted.\\nThe Citizens Gene7-ally. From the farm, the ofifice, the shop,\\nand the counter the people have come up to enjoy this day s fes-\\ntivity. As we glance over the luxuriant fields and among the evi-\\ndences of prosperity that surround us, we may well have reason for\\na day s festive congratulation on the peaceful progress that has\\npassed over the happy valley. During long years to come may we,\\nthe people of this good old town, dwell in harmony, peace, and\\nplenty, striving for the common good, and diffusing influences that\\nshall endure long after they have lain down to sleep beneath the\\nshade of the hills that smiled over their cradle.\\nThe Sons and Daiightei s of Lancaster May those of them\\nwho have left their homes, honor their native town by their deeds\\nas much as she has honored them in their birth.\\nThe President. My friends, we have had some disappoint-\\nments to-day, but I am sure we have had also considerable happi-\\nness. It is hardly proper for us to pass by, with a single sentiment,\\nthe labors of the several committees here to-day. They have been\\nso well performed, and in all respects are so creditable, that I think\\nthe children of Lancaster who reside out of the town and the state\\nought to give them some special commendation. I therefore pro-\\npose that the thanks of the sons and daughters of Lancaster be\\ngiven to the various committees of arrangements, for the highly\\nsatisfactory manner in which they have discharged their duties.\\nThose in favor of that proposition will say Aye. Aye, aye.\\nContrary minded, No. (No response.) Everybody is satisfied\\nwith those committees. (Applause.)\\nAnd now, my friends, it remains for us simply to congratulate\\nourselves that we have had such a beautiful day. Providence has\\nsmiled upon this occasion in a peculiar manner. There is much\\nfelicity in what has been said and done. It has been clearly dem-\\nonstrated to-day that the love and friendship of the people of Lan-\\ncaster are stronger than their politics and party spirit. Not one\\nword has been uttered reflecting upon any man or set of men under\\nheaven. It is a precious blessing, and a cause of rejoicing, that\\nthere are still some occasions in life when we can meet in friendship", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0674.jp2"}, "675": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 59I\\nand harmony. I trust that when we separate we may go with the\\nright temper and right feehng, and with a fixed determination that\\nwe will hereafter do nothing which will reflect dishonor upon our\\nnative town that we shall go forth self-reliant, and with the firm\\npurpose to accomplish whatever we undertake, as becomes the sons\\nof Lancaster. I trust, too, that we shall be true to ourselves and\\nthe virtues of our fathers, and as often as we remember them, renew\\nthe resolution that their posterity shall never be unworthy of them.\\nColonel Kent. My friends, this closes the exercises of the\\nday. A levee will be held at the town hall this evening, which we\\nhope will be made one of the pleasant incidents of this occasion, by\\nthe presence of our friends from all parts of the country, and the\\ninterchange of cordial greetings and sentiments, of friendship. We\\nhope to see you all to-night, and that you will extend this notice\\nas much as possible, that there may be a large attendance.\\nThis meeting stands adjourned until the 14th da) of July, 1964.\\n(Laughter and applause.)\\nThe President. Colonel Kent will conduct the exercises on\\nthat occasion. (Rei ewed laughter.)\\nlevee at the town hall.\\nThe festivities of this interesting occasion were fitly terminated by\\na levee in the evening, at the town hall the ancient meeting-\\nhouse, the first erected in the town, and itself, therefore, a link be-\\ntween the present and the past which was crowded to overflowing\\nby the residents of the town and their friends from abroad. The\\nhall was handsomely decorated with flags and wreaths of evergreen,\\nwhile a magnificent bouquet, gigantesque in size, but arranged with\\nexquisite taste, hung over the platform, like the breath of Imogen,\\nperfuming the room. The gathering was an informal one, and the\\nprincipal portion of the time was spent in the exchange of friendly\\ngreetings and conversation, in which the reminiscences of the past\\nheld a conspicuous place. Old friends, long parted by time and\\nwidely separated by distance, here met, to renew once more the in-\\ntercourse of early years and revive the pleasant memories of the past.\\nThe following songs, written for the occasion, were sung in a\\nspirited and effective manner by the glee club\\n(By Henry O. Kent.)\\nIn the grateful shade of our mountain home\\nA glad throng gathers to-day,\\nTo welcome with joy to the old hearthstone\\nCompanions so long away.\\nAnd list, mid our welcome resounding clear,\\nA plaintive strain from afar,\\nThat sweetly falls on our gathering here\\nThrough the listening summer air.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0675.jp2"}, "676": {"fulltext": "592 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nThe greeting of friends to the olden home,\\nNow rested from mortal strife\\nWhose spirits attend ye, as back ye come\\nTo haunts of their earthly life.\\nWarm is the greeting and strong the embrace\\nThat welcome ye home again\\nWhich bid ye forget the wearying race\\nThat led from this peaceful plain.\\nRing the glad chorus full joyously out,\\nWhile the old, old tales are told;\\nLet silvery laugh and echoing shout\\nProve hearts that have not grown cold.\\nAye, the sturdy old town is glad to-day,\\nAs she welcomes home her own.\\nAnd her jocund smile is as blithe and gay\\nAs that of her youngest born.\\nYe have done her honor where er ye strove.\\nHer dead have been leal and true\\nThe pride of her sons and her daughters love\\nBeen pure as our mountains snow.\\nLet us strengthen here this union of ours,\\nNear the graves of loved ones gone\\nRenew at this altar our youthful vows,\\nAnd cheerfully journey on.\\nWELCOME HOME.\\n(By Mrs. Mary B. C. Slade.)\\nMountain winds and singing waters\\nSound our old home s gladsome strain\\nClimb the hills, my Sons and Daughters\\nWelcome, welcome home again\\nClimb the hills, my Sons and Daughters\\nWelcome, welcome home again\\nClimb the hills, my Sons and Daughters!\\nWelcome, welcome home again\\nHaste from prairie, lake, and ocean\\nFrom the crowded cities come.\\nAnd afar from war s commotion.\\nSoldiers, brothers, welcome home!\\nCome, unseen ones, at our calling,\\nWho, our glory and our loss,\\nNobly fought, as nobly falling.\\nWith the brave and gallant Cross\\nLovely spot, sweet home of beauty,\\nOn her birthday bright and clear,\\nAt the call of love and duty.\\nAll shall find a welcome here.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0676.jp2"}, "677": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 593\\nCrown with love each joyous hour,\\nWrite each name so dear to her\\nOn the Inindred petaled flower.\\nSweet wild rose of Lancaster.\\nIn the course of the evening, Albert Holton, Esq., of Bangor,\\nproposed that the natives of Lancaster, now resident abroad, should\\npurchase the field where the dinner had been given, and present it\\nto the town for a public common, as a memorial of their affection\\nfor the place of their birth. The proposition was heartily seconded\\nby Nathaniel Wilson, Esq., of Orono, Me., and J. B. Brown, Esq.,\\nof Portland. A subscription paper was drawn up, and considerable\\nprogress made in obtaining the- requisite amount. A resolution was\\nalso passed authorizing Colonel Kent to procure all available statis-\\ntics in regard to the history of the town, to be printed with the\\naccount of the celebration.\\nAt 10:30 o clock the company separated (the band playing\\nHome, Sweet Home to seek their several homes, their souls\\nstrengthened and their hearts inspired, we trust, by the events of\\nthe day, and a store of fragrant memories treasured up for the years\\nthat are to come.\\nAs a matter for future reference in this connection, we insert the\\nnames of those officials who were present and acted on the occasion\\nPresident. David H. Mason, Boston, Mass.\\nVice-Presidents. Nathaniel White, Concord; John B. Brown,\\nPortland. Me. L. C. Porter, St. Johnsbury, Vt. Edward D. Holton,\\nMilwaukee, Wis. Nathaniel Wilson, Orono, Me. Spencer Clark,\\nLunenburg, Vt. John W. Lovejoy, Hatfield, Mass. Reuben G.\\nFreeman, Guildhall, Vt. Charles Baker, Royal Joyslin, J. E. Stick-\\nney, Horace Whitcomb, Allen Smith, William Lovejoy, Seth Sav-\\nage, William Holkins, William Burns, Douglass Spaulding, Emmons\\nStockwell, W arren Porter, Amos LeGro, Porter G. Freeman, Joseph\\nHowe, John H. White, Benjamin Hunking, Turner Stephenson,\\nJ. W. Williams, James W Weeks, Ephraim Cross, Charles D. Steb-\\nbins, Richard P. Kent, Samuel Mclntire, Gilman Wilder, Ephraim\\nStockwell, Beniah Colby, Daniel Stebbins, William Moore, Lan-\\ncaster.\\nConiniittee of Arrangements. J. W. Barney, William R. Stock-\\nwell, J. L Williams, Samuel H. LeGro, Edward Savage, H. J. Whit-\\ncomb, E. R. Kent.\\nMarshal-in-Chief. Henry O. Kent.\\nAids to the Marshal. Levi B. Joyslin, Edward R. Kent, Ira\\nS. M. Gove, Frank Smith, Loren B. Porter, Chapin C. Brooks,\\nWilliam C. Spaulding, Oscar F. Bothel, H. G. Hodgdon, H. F.\\nWhitcomb, Sylvanus Chessman, William Warren, James S. Brackett,\\nD. Stockwell, G. H. Emerson, Philastus Eastman, P^-ed C. Colbv.\\n38", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0677.jp2"}, "678": {"fulltext": "594 HISTORY OF LANCASTER.\\nSpecial Marshal/or Sabbath Schools. Harvey Adams.\\nAss/slants. Joseph C. Marshall, Seneca Congdon, George M.\\nSmith, Albert T. Johnson, C. M. Winchester.\\nIn the absence of the orator selected, William H. Farrar of Ore-\\ngon, addresses were delivered by David H. Mason of Boston, Mass.,\\nand Edward D. Holton of Milwaukee, Wis.\\nCha-plain. Rev. David Perry of Brookfield, Vt.\\nToastinasters. The President and Marshal-in-Chief.\\nReader of the Charter. Ossian Ray.\\nCommittee on Dinner. Frederick Fisk, E. R. Kent, A. H. Aspin-\\nwall, G. H. Watson, W. F. Smith, C. E. Allen, G. O. Rogers, H. J\\nWhitcomb, L. B. Porter, E. Spaulding, J. B. Moore, W. D. Weeks\\nJ. Moore, R. L. Hodgdon, W. J. Harriman, Charles W. Hodgdon\\nFrancis H. Wentworth, Alonzo P. Freeman, Dudley N. Hodgdon, 2d\\nBarton G. Towne, James LeGro, Hiram Savage, John W. Spaulding\\nJ. W. Savage, O. F. Bothel, Warren Marden, R. G. Kimball, Joseph\\nColby, Zeb. Twitchell, J. S. Brackett, George W. Webster, S. H. Le-\\nGro, C. D. Allen, Charles Mclntire, Nelson Kent, William Darby,\\nC. B. Allen, William L. Rowell, B. F. Hunking, L. F. Moore, W. H.\\nClarke, J. C. Marshall, George Cotton, Nelson Sparks, John E.\\nField, and their wives Horace Spaulding, Henry VVebb, and their\\nsisters George S. Stockwell, Phineas R. Hodgdon, Miss Rebecca\\nColby, and Miss Abigail Colby.\\nLetters were received and read from Gov. John A. Andrew of Mas-\\nsachusetts, United States Senator Aaron H. Cragin of Lebanon, A.\\nCurtis and. W, H. Stockwell of Cincinnati, William W. Field of Fen-\\nnimore, Wis., J6hn E. Haines and Col. Joseph W. Merriam of Chi-\\ncago, Edward B. Moore, M. D., of Boston, John G. Foster, major-\\ngeneral United States Volunteers, and Gov. Joseph A. Gilmore.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0678.jp2"}, "679": {"fulltext": "I N D EX\\nAbbott, Amos F\\n454\\nAbbott, Annie\\n505\\nAbbott, Erastus I.\\n549 550\\nAbbott, Samuel\\n121\\nAbraig, Samuel\\n121\\nA^o^latv,,r T of o,-\\n^_, ^T ^-r\\nCORRECTION.\\nBy some fatality the name of the beautiful river flowing through\\nthe village the ancient Sawa-coo-nauk, or Siwooganock is per-\\nsistently printed Isrrals, instead of Israels as it should be\\nspelled, in honor of Israel Glines, the pioneer hunter and trapper.\\nAlden, Henry\\nAldrich, Gilman\\nAlexander, Benjamin D.\\nAlexander, George\\nAllen, Asahel\\nAllen, Charles B.\\nAllen. Charles E.\\nAllen, Cyrus D.\\nAllen, Daniel W.\\nAllen, Isaac\\n267\\n-67 323, 335. 377. 398, 399. 444\\n528, 529, 534, 539. 541, 545\\n258, 337, 377, 378. 385.\\n399, 530, 537, 539, 542\\n158\\n548\\n121\\n557\\n192\\n541\\n206\\n524\\n594\\n386,\\n594\\n594\\n549\\n-,86", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0679.jp2"}, "680": {"fulltext": "I N DEX\\nAbbott, Amos F\\nAbbott, Annie\\nAbbott, Erastus I.\\nAbbott, Samuel\\nAbraig, Samuel\\nAcademy, Lancaster\\nAccounts, Early Private, with\\nAdams, Andrew\\nAdams, Benjamin\\nAdams, B. S.\\nAdams, Elisha\\nAdams, Ezra E.\\nAdams, Harvey\\nAdams, Rev. James\\nAdams, J. W.\\nAdams, Lemuel\\nAdams, Milton A.\\nAdams, Reuben L.\\nAdams, Ruth\\nAdams, Seth\\nAgriculture\\nAgriculture, Commissioner on\\nAgricultural Societies\\nAlcott. B. S.\\nAlden, Henry\\nAldrich, Gilman\\nAlexander, Benjamin D\\nAlexander, George\\nAllen, Asahel\\nAllen, Charles B.\\nAllen, Charles E.\\nAllen, Cyrus D.\\nAllen, Daniel W.\\nAllen, Isaac\\nthe Town\\n229, 258, 267,\\n505, 523, 527,\\nState Board of\\n267,\\n323.\\n528,\\n454\\n505\\n549. 550\\n121\\n121\\n275 333^ 416-421\\n194-198\\n131, 194, 410\\n13I 194, 375 410, 436\\n505\\n43^\\n420\\n335 37S^ 376, 385 436, 437\\n529, 536, 541, 542, 548, 593\\n336, 438\\n438\\n13I 535\\n557\\n33S^ 368, 398, 539 542\\n193\\n433 538. 54I 547, 548\\n126, 152\\n535\\n126, 400, 402\\n390\\n121\\n557\\n192\\n267, 541\\n206\\n335 377, 398, 399. 444 5^4\\n529. 534 539- 541, 545 594\\n258, 337, 377 378. 385- 386,\\n399, 530, 537, 539, 542, 594\\n158 594\\n548, 549\\n386\\n334\\n528\\n258, 267,\\n430,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0681.jp2"}, "681": {"fulltext": "596\\nINDEX.\\nAllen, Maria\\nAllen, William H.\\nAllison, David B.\\nAlverson, Thomas\\nAmadon, Ada\\nAmadon, George M.\\nAmes, Jere h\\nAmey, John T.\\nAmey, Harry B.\\nAmey, E. C.\\nAmusements of Early T\\nAndrew, E.\\nAnimals\\nAnnance, Louis\\nAnti-Slavery Movement\\nApplebee, Dorcas\\nApthorp, Charles Ward\\nArmington, J. W.\\nArsenal, The State\\nAshley, Rev. Andrew\\nAspinwall, A. H.\\nAspinwall. John\\nAtkinson, Theodore\\nAustin, Rev. Daniel\\nAustin, Eliza\\nBabb, Nathaniel\\nBabcock, Rev. D. C.\\nBabcock, Rev. J. M.\\nBacon, Sarah Hawes\\nBailey, C. A.\\nBailey, Charles R.\\nBailey, Daniel\\nBailey, Harry\\nBailey, Jacob\\nBailey, Josephine A.\\nBailey, N. M.\\nBailey, Richard W.\\nBailey, Walter S.\\nBailey, Ward\\nBailey, William W.\\nBain, James\\nBaird, J. H.\\nBaker, Benjamin T.\\nBaker, Betsey\\nBaker, Charles\\nBaker, Charles O.\\nin Lancaster\\n143.\\n235.\\n93.\\n263\\n131, 192, 209, 335, 428, 486, 546, 548,\\n325.\\n558\\n457, 524.\\n539\\n1 2 1\\n497\\n542\\n77\\n339, 535,\\n543\\n476,\\n497\\n497\\n349-\\n-363\\n191\\n289,\\n292\\n313.\\n486\\n143,\\n144\\n190\\n21, 30, 3c\\n42\\n421\\n5i7\\n518\\n451\\n594\\n228, 436,\\n540\\n3,8\\n487\\n192\\n190\\n434,\\n439\\n447\\n464\\n394.\\n395\\n460,\\n491\\n121\\n499.\\n525\\n72\\n494,\\n501\\n438\\n336\\n337^ SS\\n559\\n71\\n82\\n121\\n388,\\n542\\n459\\n121\\n193\\n423\\n546, 548,\\n593\\n323", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0682.jp2"}, "682": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n597\\nBaker, C. W.\\nBaker, Etta I.\\nBaker House\\nBaker, James\\nBaker, Jonas\\nBaker, Lucinda\\nBaker, Mary\\nBaker, Oliver W.\\nBaker, Sophia\\nBaker, T. T.\\nBaker, W. G.\\nBalch, Amos\\nBalch, Charles H.\\nBalch, James H.\\nBalch, Joseph\\nBalch, Joseph H.\\nBall, Ebenezer\\nBall, Isaac\\nBanfield, Samuel\\nBanks\\nBank Commissioners\\nBaptists\\nBarlow, Abner\\nBarlow, Joseph\\nBarlow, Nathan\\nBarnard, Julia\\nBarnard, Levi\\nBarnard, Lucy R.\\nBarnard, Rev. Stephen\\nBarney, Dr. John W.\\nBarrel, Nathaniel\\nBarrows, Rev. L. D.\\nBarrows, Levi P.\\nBarstovv, George\\nBartlett, Isaac\\nBartlett, Dr. Josiah\\nBass, J. L.\\nBatchelor, D. W.\\nBatchelor, Jonas\\nBatchelor, Mary E.\\nBatchelder, C. D.\\nBatchelder, Jacob\\nBatchelder, James\\nBeach, Edward B.\\nBeach, H.N.\\n323\\n502\\n333\\n397\\n32, 59, 90, loi, 131, 177, 193, 197\\n422, 423. 433. 534, 538, 539, 540\\n427\\n191\\n374, 510. 528, 548\\n191\\n505\\n505\\n528\\n390\\n134, 192, 418, 419, 554\\n191\\n550\\n121\\n40\\n192. 513\\n336. 338, 392-395\\n534\\n80, iSj. 450. 451\\n11\\n11, 82\\n83, 546\\n509\\n131.463\\n192\\n430, 442\\n237, 267, 275, 335, 336, 369, 444, 478\\n481, 489, 495, 532, 534, 550, 593\\n438, 459\\n557\\n420\\n496\\n34\\n338\\n505\\n372\\n505\\n459\\n192\\n191\\n556\\n338", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0683.jp2"}, "683": {"fulltext": "598\\nINDEX.\\nBean, Albro\\nBean, Curtis\\nBean, Lieut. Riciiard\\nBeadier, Gad\\nBeaton, Charles C.\\nBeattie, Capt. Alexander M.\\nBeattie, D. H.\\nBeattie, Thomas C.\\nBeattie, T. G.\\nBeckwith, George H.\\nBell, Rev. Benjamin\\nBellows, Charles\\nBellows, George\\nBellows, John\\nBellows, Josiah, 2d\\nBellows, Lydia\\nBemis. O. W.\\nBenman, Jonas\\nBench and Bar, The\\nBennett, Chester\\nBennett, Daniel\\nBennett, Ezra B.\\nBennett, Frederick T.\\nBennett, Nathaniel\\nBennett, Rev. W. E.\\nBennett, Zera\\nBenton, Benjamin\\nBenton, Hon. Jacob\\nBenton, Josiah H., Jr.\\nBenton, Louisa Dow\\nBenton, Reuben C.\\nBenway, Joseph\\nBergin, Abigail\\nBergin, Anna\\nBergin, Joseph\\nBerry, Henry B.\\nBerry, William H.\\nBickford, John\\nBigelow, Asahel\\nBingham, Francis\\nBirds of Lancaster\\nBishop, Benjamin\\nBlack Lewa\\nBlack, Zebulon\\nBlackmer, Dr. John\\nBlair, George W.\\n160, 232, 233, 234,\\n336, 385, 468.\\n418,\\n121\\n499,\\n62, 244, 395, 505, 537.\\n384,\\n489, 493,\\n176,\\n192, 267, 337, 36S,\\n131, 267, 528,\\n131, 194, 261,\\n460,\\n490, 524,\\n438,\\n236, 240, 267, 272, 275,\\n528, 531, 532, 533, 536,\\n237, 458, 469,\\n427,\\n165,\\n121,\\n131. 334,\\n293\\n181, 375\\n335\\n457\\n419\\n121\\n553\\n558\\n556\\n395\\n535\\n384\\n497\\n422\\n537\\n547\\n267\\n358\\n427\\n335\\n191\\n476\\n121\\nI2l\\n559\\n557\\n121\\n439\\n121\\n496\\n335\\n538\\n533\\n160\\n275\\n557\\n509\\n427\\n403\\n458\\n458\\n553\\n59\\n510\\n-316\\n434\\n72\\n388\\n459\\n2.37", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0684.jp2"}, "684": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n599\\nBlair, William\\n559\\nBlacksmiths\\n98, 375 376\\nBlake, James\\nn, 83, 87\\nBlake, Thomas\\n458\\nBlanchard, Harriet\\n418,419\\nBlanchard, Heber\\n131, 192,\\n267, 335 349, 373\\nBlanchard, James\\n557\\nBlanchard, Joseph\\n10\\nBlanchard, Peter\\n384\\nBlodgett, Archippus\\n77.87\\nBlodgett, Betsey\\n190\\nBlodgett, Elijah\\n82, 87\\nBlodgett, Josiah\\nn, 82\\nBlodgett, Thomas\\nn\\nBlood. Charles M.\\n557\\nBlood, E.\\n492\\nBoardman, Benjamin\\n90,\\n131.\\n194, 334,\\n364, 370, 537. 540\\nBoard man, Edward\\n191\\nBoardman, Sarah Ann\\n191\\nBonett, William\\n337\\nBorged, Gilbert\\n82\\nBosvvell, William\\n335\\nBotany of Lancaster\\n283-288\\nBothel, Oscar F.\\n593. 594\\nBothwell, William\\n193\\nBoudle, John\\n558\\nBoundary Surveys\\n137-139\\nBoutwell, Frank\\n559\\nBoutwell, Harry\\n554\\nBowe, Daniel A.\\n143. 233, 234, 398, 420, 457\\nBowler, Rev. J. A.\\n438\\nBrackett, Adino N,\\n131, 165, 167, 191, 194, 220. 224, 225, 267, 341\\n358, 410, 416, 428, 534, 536, 538, 540, 541, 578\\nBrackett, A. N., Jr .267\\nBrackett, Lieut. James S.\\n138, 235, 257, 402, 410, 444\\n459, 500. 550, 556, 593, 594\\nBrackett, John\\n190\\nBrackett, John Weeks\\n182, 412\\nBrackett, Deacon Joseph 59, 90, 99, loi,\\n193, 262, 406,\\n422, 423, 552, 553\\nBrackett, Mary\\n193 423\\nBrackett, Mary N.\\n324. 494\\nBrackett, Martha\\n191\\nBrackett House, The Old\\n333\\nBradley, Sole Survivor of Rogers Rangers\\n4\\nBraden, Clark\\n98\\nBrainard, John\\n121\\nBridge Company, The\\n-ancaster\\n395-398", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0685.jp2"}, "685": {"fulltext": "6oo\\nINDEX.\\n23.\\nBridges\\nBridge, J. D.\\nBrigham, Tliomas\\nBroolcs, Cliapin C.\\nBrooks, Ezra\\nBrooks, Kate J.\\nBrooks, Sally\\nBrown, Benjamin\\nBrown, Charles Francis\\nBrown, Chester P\\nBrown, C. W.\\nBrown, Edmund 145\\nBrown, F. P.\\nBrown, George\\nBrown, Hope\\nBrown, James\\nBrown, J. B.\\nBrown, Jerome H\\nBrown, John\\nBrown, M.\\nBrown, Mary E.\\nBrown, Nancy\\nBrown, RoUin J.\\nBrown, Samuel W.\\nBrown, Sarah W.\\nBrown, Titus O. 59, 60, 90\\nBrown, Wellington\\nBrown, William\\nBrown, William J\\nBruce, Ezekiel\\nBruce, Phineas\\nBruce, William\\nBryant, George N\\nBuck, Charles\\nBuckley, Lizzie D\\nBuckley, Will P.\\nBucknam, Gen. Edwards\\n(Artemas Ward\\n34\\n190\\n385\\n3^8\\n386\\n319\\n)93\\n326\\n61-66\\n339 497. 505\\n492. 495\\n418, 419. 529,\\n235\\n319\\n488, 495,\\n499 505-\\n53^1. 545-\\n364\\n381,\\n382,\\n5, ig, 20\\n52, 54 56,\\n84, 87, 89,\\n209, 212, 255,\\n329, 330, 363,\\n422, 539, 540,\\nBucknam, Edwards, Jr.\\nBucknam, Edward F.\\nBucknam, Eunice\\nBucknam, George\\nBucknam, Grove\\n497\\n501,\\n83 397-\\n372,\\n67 358,\\n59\\n59.\\n339. 476,\\n23, 25, 27, 34, 38, 39, 42\\n57, 59, 60, 72, 76, 78, 82\\nj8, 99, loi, 107, 112, 193,\\n262, 289, 291, 313, 325, 327,\\n370, 372, 396, 403, 406, 410,\\n545. 546, 547, 553, 561, 562,\\n27, 549\\n27, 28. 190\\n75\\n83\\n593\\n35S\\n470\\n192\\n436\\n456\\n499\\n525\\n555\\n395\\n189\\n190\\n87\\n323\\n557\\n121\\n498\\n505\\n191\\n539\\n374\\n521\\n540\\n558\\n558\\n406\\n190\\n423\\n540\\n438\\n557\\n416\\n539\\n44\\n83\\n194\\n328\\n421\\n571\\n27\\n550\\n571\\n27\\n27", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0686.jp2"}, "686": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n60 1\\nBucknani, Dr. John W\\nBucknam, Lydia\\nBucknam, Mary\\nBucknam, Polly\\nBucknam, Sally\\nBucknam, Soffia\\nBucknam, Susanna\\nBugbee, Dr. Frank\\nBui lard, Ariel M.\\nBui lard, A. T.\\nBullard, Jarius T.\\nBullard, Rachel\\nBullard, Stephen\\nBullard, William\\nBullard, Willie E. 244, 328\\nBunday, David\\nBunday, Elisha\\nBundy, Isaac\\n.Bundy, Samuel\\nBundy, Susannah\\nBurbank, Adino J\\nBurbank, Daniel\\nBurbank, Hazen\\nBurbeck, W. A.\\nBurbeck, William Oliver\\nBurgen, Betsey\\nBurgin, John\\nBurgin, John, 2d\\nBurgin, Samuel\\nBurgin, Triphenia\\nBurke, Rev. Edward\\nBurley, Cyrus G.\\nBurnaby, Rev. Sydney A.\\nBurnap, Asa W.\\nBurns, Charles E.\\nBurns, John\\nBurns, W. F.\\nBurns, Hon. William\\nBurnside Brook\\nBurnside, David\\nBurnside, David A.\\nBurnside, James\\nBurnside Meadows\\nBurnside, Capt. Thomas\\nBurt, George\\nBurton, Azro\\n395\\n439\\n67, 275\\n491\\n492,\\n524,\\n525.\\n131-\\n325, 478, 555\\n27\\n27\\n[89\\n27\\n27\\n7, 92, 191\\n33^, 478\\n390, 529, 530\\n437\\n418, 419\\n418, 419\\n121, 553\\n192\\n552\\n397\\n397\\n397\\n547\\n190\\n420\\n121\\n121\\n421\\n458\\n190\\n558\\n531, 537, 54-\\n93. 55-\\n232, 234, 239, 240, 269,\\n394, 444, 467, 528, 532,\\n368, 372, 392, 509, 523,\\n335. 368, 385.\\n121, 553\\n131\\n192\\n429\\n449\\n432\\n193. 372, 535. 537\\n337\\n121\\n459\\n275- 336, 385. 393\\n533. 535. 545. 593\\n318\\n527, 528, 529, 545\\n398, 489. 529. 550\\n87\\n318\\n318, 483, 538, 552\\n557\\n433", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0687.jp2"}, "687": {"fulltext": "6o2\\nINDEX.\\nBurton, John K.\\nBush, George R.\\nBuxton, Rev. Edward\\nByam, Abram\\nCady, Charles\\nCady, Lieut. Joseph C.\\nCady, Sarah\\nCady, Zadoc\\nCady^s Meadow\\nCahoon, Charles D.\\nCall, Abbie S.\\nCameron, John H.\\nCampbell, Rev. Henry\\nCarbee, George E.\\nCarbee, Thomas D.\\nCargill, Guy C.\\nCargill, Susan D. F.\\nCargill, William\\nCarlisle, Thomas\\nCarlisle, William T.\\nCarlton, D wight\\nCarlton, F. H.\\nCarlton, Jonathan\\nCarpenter, Ebenezer\\nCarpenter, G. W.\\nCarpenter, Dr. Harry B\\nCarpenter, Gen. Philip\\nCarr, Jesse\\nCarter, Ella\\nCarter, Reuben F.\\nCarter, Thomas\\nCarter, Zebulon\\nCass, M. G.\\nCass, William D.\\nCassady, Frank\\nCassady, James\\nCassady, Michael\\nCassady, Patrick\\nCassady, Thomas\\nCassin, Warren\\nCaswell, Nathan\\nCaswell, Nathaniel\\nCat Bow Tract\\nCatholic Church, The\\n129\\n560\\n414, 556\\n427, 428\\n39\\n194, 267, 268, 383, 512,\\n515, 527, 528, 546,\\n67,\\n267, 333\\n333. 364, 365. 483, 533. 537, 538,\\n131, 167, 194, 203, 209, 364, 365,\\n3^3, 397, 416, 509, 513, 537, 539,\\n129, 267, 364,\\n09, 378,\\n338,\\n339. 479.\\n472,\\n145.\\n411,\\n00, 5\\n57,\\n57,\\n77, 82, 83, 87,\\n185, 449-\\n267\\n513\\n547\\n427\\n513\\n354\\n437\\n502\\n557\\n451\\n401\\nC21\\n36s\\n445\\n545\\n370\\n547\\n547\\n433\\n497\\n537\\n557\\n483\\n499\\n545\\n547\\n501\\n560\\n40\\n121\\n436\\n438\\n562\\n557\\n557\\n559\\n559\\n122\\n311\\n189\\n39\\n450", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0688.jp2"}, "688": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n605\\nCattle, first in Lancaster\\nCave, George E.\\nCemeteries\\nCensus of Lancaster at Various Periods\\nCentennial of Settlement of the Town\\nCentennial Park\\nChadbourne, Benjamin H\\nChaddock, Bowman\\nChaiTee, Isaac\\nChaffee, Otis\\nChamberlain, Rev. E. B\\nChamberlain, James\\nChandler, George E.\\nChaney, Rev. George L,\\nChanning, Rev. George\\nChapman, Allison\\nChapman, Elias\\nChapman, Dr. Jedediah\\nChapman, Katy C.\\nChapman, Nabby\\nChapman, William W.\\nCharter of 1769\\nCharter\\nCharter, Renewal of\\nChase, Albert\\nChase, Aurin M.\\nChase, Dexter\\nChase, Horace\\nChase, Joseph\\nChase, Persis F.\\nChase, Simpson E.\\nCherry, Helen\\nCherry, Philo S.\\nChessman, Charles\\nChessman, Joseph\\nChessman, R. C.\\nChessman, Richard H.\\nChessman, Roswell\\nChessman, Roswell W\\nChessman, Silas\\nChessman, Sophia\\nChessman, Sylvanus\\nChristian, Levi H.\\nCholera\\nChurch, Levi\\nChurch, Moses\\n23\\n338, 391\\n325-328\\n70, 328-340\\n148, 149, 563-594\\n149\\n129, 481, 537, 547\\n397\\n539\\n121\\n431\\n483, 484\\n499\\n447\\n447\\n560\\n90. 433 540\\n190\\n191\\n191\\n436, 547\\n31\\n4-1 1\\n30-32\\n505\\n39\\n457\\n486\\n556\\n494, 501, 502\\n559\\n493\\n490. 493\\n411\\n548\\n492, 560\\n542\\n35\\n542\\n13I 193\\n191\\n113, 128, 131, 181, 190, 209, 319, 375\\n383, 511, 515, 540, 546, 557. 593\\n121\\n262\\n131\\n13J", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0689.jp2"}, "689": {"fulltext": "6o4\\nINDEX.\\nChurches\\n172-\\n186,\\n336, 421-452\\nCilley, M. T.\\n438\\nCivil List, The\\n531-543\\nClarey, Patrick\\n449\\nClark, Alvin J.\\n542\\nClark, Eunice\\n190\\nClark, Guy\\n121\\nClark, John M.\\n244, 537, 542\\nClark, John S.\\n410\\nClark, Rev. Lyman\\n447\\nClark, Mindwell\\n423\\nClark, Morris\\n269\\nClark, Seth\\n121\\nClark, Solomon B.\\n121\\nClark, Spencer\\n485, 564\\n^lark, William H.\\n439, 444, 594\\nClark, William S.\\n335, 538, 541\\nCleaveland, Charles A.\\n243. 336\\n394,\\n395,\\n491,\\n492.\\n+93, 535, 537, 542\\nCleaveland, Charles F.\\n476\\nCleaveland, Curtis\\n489\\nCleaveland, Sarah B.\\n493, 494\\nClement, Enoch N.\\n557\\nClerk of Courts\\n534\\nClerk of House of Representatives\\n533\\nClerk of State Senate\\n533\\nClerks of the Town\\n539\\nClocks, Manufacture of in Lancaster\\n377\\nClough, Fred H.\\n496\\nClough, Fred R.\\n499\\nClough, J ere\\n121\\nClough, Mary M.\\n50s\\nClough, William\\n240\\n241,\\n334,\\n375,\\n394, 395, 401, 537, 542\\nCloutman, Joseph B.\\n496, 497, 500, 560\\nCloutman, William\\n558\\nCoaching Parade, North Side\\n161-162\\nCobleigh, Ellen E.\\n493- 495\\nCobleigh, Erastus V.\\n337, 366, 394, 395, 487, 488, 490, 49\\n492, 493, 53\u00c2\u00b0, 531, 537, 542\\nColby, Abigail\\n594\\nColby, Benaiah\\n436, 564, 593\\nColby, Charles F.\\n32,7^ 378, 482, 497,538\\nColby, Enoch L.\\n2 2 7, 385\\n.398\\n399, 444, 528, 529, 532, 535, 538\\nColby, Dr. Frank A.\\n263, 369, 478, 482, 552\\nColby, Fred C.\\n338, 593\\nColby, George H.\\n369, 458\\nColby, Gilman\\n418, 419, 524\\nColby, James\\n557", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0690.jp2"}, "690": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n605\\nColby, Joseph\\nColby, Moses\\nColby, Rebecca\\nColby, W. C.\\nCold Seasons\\nCole, Rev. Otis\\nCole, S.\\nCollins, Charles\\nCollins, John\\nCollins, Winthrop\\nCommissioners, County\\nCommissioners, Fish and Game\\nCommissioners, State\\nConcord Gore\\nConcrete Sidewalks\\nConnecticut, Early Settlers from\\nCongdon, Andrew J,\\nCongdon, F. E.\\nCongdon, George M\\nCongdon, Seneca B.\\nConnary, John\\nCon nary, Mary\\nConnary, Patrick\\nConnary, Simon\\nConnary, Thomas\\nConner, Charles E\\nConner, Harlow\\nConroy, Michael\\nCook, Warren\\nCoolidge, H. O.\\nCooper, Moses\\nCooper, Saunders W\\nCods County Democrat .226\\nCoos County\\nCoos Country\\nCoos He? ald\\nCoos Hotel\\nCods Republican\\nCopp, Harrison\\nCorning, B. H.\\nCorning, Martha A.\\nCorrigan, E. P.\\nCorson, Levi J.\\nCorson, William A.\\nCossitt, George A.\\nCostello, John\\n229\\n230\\n38,\\n399\\n23\\n89-90\\n38, 401, 410\\n496\\n39- 450. 537\\n388\\n325\\n549\\n233, 234, 267, 335, 398, 399\\n335, 339, 454, 368, 453, 457\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a033,\\n261\\n335, 338, 454.\\n272, 276,\\n232, 234, 335, 336, 393,\\n529, 534, 535, 536, 538,\\n324,\\n594\\n559\\n594\\n455\\n-124\\n438\\n395\\n121\\n121\\n121\\n535\\n535\\n534\\n35\\n150\\n187\\n535\\n339\\n525\\n594\\n449\\n449\\n449\\n558\\n449\\n551\\n556\\n340\\n483\\n394\\n121\\n535\\n459\\n124\\n1-17\\n460\\n-262\\n457\\n371\\n337\\n495\\n505\\n557\\n557\\n468\\n550\\n401", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0691.jp2"}, "691": {"fulltext": "6o6\\nINDEX.\\nCotton, George\\nCotton, Isaac F.\\nCotton, Isaac N.\\nCoult, Rev. A. C.\\nCouncilor, State\\nCounty Commissioners\\nCounty Coroners\\nCounty Solicitors\\nCounty Treasurers\\nCourt-houses\\nCouture, Charles\\nCragie, Charles\\nCram, Celinda\\nCram, Emeline J.\\nCram, Francis\\nCram, Humphrey\\nCram, John\\nCram, Jonathan\\nCram, Polly\\nCrandall, Adna\\nCrawford, Ethan\\nCrawford, Ethan A.\\nCrawford, Gertrude P.\\nCrawford, John C.\\nCrawford, Hon. John G\\nCrawford, Maria\\nCrawford, Rosebrook\\nCrawford, Sally\\nCrawford, Thomas J.\\nCrawshaw, J. W.\\nCreamer, Rev. Fr. M. J\\nCrosby, Elisha\\nCrosby, Mehitabel\\nCross, Benjamin\\nCross, David\\nCross, Col. Edward E.\\nCross, Col. Ephraim\\nCross, Francis L.\\nCross, Jeremy L.\\nCross, Nellie W.\\nCross, Gen. Nelson\\nCross, Col. Richard E.\\nCulver, Rev. David\\nCummings, Alexander\\nCummings, Dr. E. G.\\n511\\n340, 500.\\n190. 537\\n90, 193, 262, 326.\\n59, 90, 191. 193, 326, 327, 397, 536\\n339\\n11^ 241\\n179\\n388,\\n328, 339, 450\\n195. 538\\n145, 146, 148, 325, 455, 456, 457, 504, 550\\n95, 192, 228, 333, 348, 358, 379\\n406, 486, 515, 523, 527, 528, 529\\n534. 537. 538, 540. 541, 546, 547\\n246, 248\\n267, 555\\n456, 457, 555\\n594\\n560\\n436\\n438\\n531\\n535\\n537\\n535\\n535\\n-514\\n556\\n562\\n191\\n501\\n540\\n397\\n131\\n540\\n190\\n548\\n334\\n508\\n494\\n336\\n539\\n250\\n434\\n190\\n515\\n492\\n,498\\n40\\n190\\n121\\n539\\n554\\n392\\n532\\n593\\n551\\n485\\n249\\n,581\\n,556\\n436\\n557\\n479", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0692.jp2"}, "692": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n607\\nCunimings, George\\nCummings, George A.\\nCummings, George W.\\nCummings, Henry J.\\nCummings, James\\nCummings, Pearl\\nCummings, S. E.\\nCumner, Nathaniel VV.\\nCunningham, T.\\nCurrier, Ezra\\nCurrier, George W.\\nCurrier, John\\nCurrier, Sylvanus\\nCurtis, James\\nCurtis, James H.\\nCurtis, William\\nGushing, Dr. E. B.\\nGushing, Stetson Ward\\nGushing, W. M.\\nCushman, Elisha\\nCushman, Lewis P.\\nCutter, Ammi R.\\nCutter, Nancy\\nDaggett, Joseph\\nDaggett, Roxanna\\nDaggett, William\\nDaley. John\\nDana, Daniel\\nDana, David\\nDanforth, H. H.\\nDanforth, Rev. L. R.\\nDanforth, W. R.\\nDanner, Rev. M. P.\\nDarby, Abijah\\nDarby, Benjamin H.\\nDarby, Ezra\\nDarby, George\\nDarby, Isaac\\nDarby, James H.\\nDarby, Moses\\nDarby, William\\nDark Year, The\\nDarling, Flora Adams\\nDartmouth College Lands\\nDavenport, Eli\\nDavenport, Nathaniel M.\\n394.\\n67,\\n340, 388\\n542\\n556, 558\\n552, 556\\n557\\n505\\n420\\n490\\n338, 559\\n195\\n491\\n192\\n121\\n77, 87\\n394\\n192\\n480\\n490, 491, 492\\n325- 559\\n512\\n438\\n32\\n192\\n193\\n192\\n40\\n542\\n483, 48s\\n397\\n395\\n339. 440\\n395\\n450\\n59. 376\\n550\\n413\\n192\\nt3i, 373, 553\\n552\\n191\\n594\\n124\\n258\\n[07-109\\n121\\n500", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0693.jp2"}, "693": {"fulltext": "6o8\\nINDEX.\\nDavenport, Phineas\\nDavis, Albert Bradley\\nDavis, G.\\nDavis, Moses\\nDay, Eliphalet\\nDay, F. N.\\nDay, Morrill C.\\nDay, N. D.\\nDay, Oliver P.\\nDean, John\\nDearborn, Reuben\\nDearth, Jonathan\\nDeaths of Prominent People from Settlement\\nDebating Clubs\\nDeering, J. E.\\nDe Forest, Mills\\nDelegates to National Political Conventions\\nDenison, Bailey\\nDenison, Charles P.\\nDenison, Henry W.\\nDenison, John M.\\nDenison, John P.\\nDenison, Noyes S.\\nDenison, Rebecca\\nDenison, Sophronia\\nDenison, Thomas\\nDenison, William\\nDentists\\nDerby, Andrew\\nDerby, Edwin R.\\nDerby, Isaac\\nDerby, John G. 457. 500 524, 5^6, 527\\nDewey, James\\nDewey, Dr. John\\nDexter, Dr. George T.\\nDexter, Orrin R.\\nDexter, Robert\\nDiamond Granite Works, Th\\nDickson, R. W.\\nDietrich, Christian\\nDimmick, John E.\\nDinsmore, Dr. Freedom\\nDinsmore, Sanford E.\\nDiphtheria\\nDirectories of the Village at Various Times\\nDodge, John\\nDodge, Luimer\\nf the\\n528,\\n13\\nFown\\n131,\\n529,\\n261,\\ntill I\\n131,\\n209,\\n418, 419,\\n850\\n364,\\n515\\n93-\\n499, 500,\\n535, 537,\\n515,\\n27, 537,\\n-09- 537,\\n479-\\n418,\\n510,\\n530, 531, 55\u00c2\u00b0, 551,\\n364,\\n275- 336, 383, 3S4,\\n477, 479, 547,\\n121,\\n338,\\n240,\\n336.\\n263\\n333-\\n121\\n457\\n492\\n121\\n121\\n395\\n557\\n269\\n557\\n537\\n437\\n40\\n-194\\n184\\n505\\n483\\n532\\n548\\n555\\n458\\n546\\n559\\n546\\n427\\n427\\n539\\n546\\n-480\\n577\\n419\\n577\\n559\\n547\\n516\\n550\\n553\\n340\\n391\\n406\\n371\\n537\\n478\\n558\\n-264\\n-340\\n12 I", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0694.jp2"}, "694": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n609\\nDodge, W. F.\\nDoUofF, Charles L.\\nDomestic Life\\nDooley, Fred\\nDouglass, Ira G.\\nDow, Alden A.\\nDow, Ernest\\nDow, John\\nDow, Jonathan\\nDow, Louise\\nDraper, George\\nDrew, Holman A.\\nDrew, Hon. Irving W.\\nDrew, Lizzie F.\\nDrisco, Ralph L.\\nDruggists, The\\nDudley, J. H.\\nDufoe, Edward\\nDuncan, John\\nDurgin, Timothy\\nDustin, Phebe\\nDyer, Joseph\\nDyke, Brother\\nEagan, Michael\\nEager, Fortunatus\\nEames, Capt. Jeremiah\\nEames, Jeremiah, Jr.\\nEames, Rev. Joseph\\nEames, Lois\\nEames, Seth\\nEames, Thomas\\nEarly, Michael\\nEastern Star, Olive Branch Chapter of the Or\\nEastman, Amos\\nEastman, Edwin F.\\nEastman, George V.\\nEastman, John C.\\nEastman, L. L.\\nEastman, Nellie\\nEastman, Philastus\\nEastman, Richard\\nEaton, Charles\\nEaton, George R.\\nEdmunds, Nena H.\\n39\\n490,\\n90, 340-\\n337\\n557\\n499.\\n9I 349\\n243, 277, 336, 339, 370, 394, 395,\\n402, 452, 474, 521, 532, 534, 539,\\nder of\\n490,\\n480-\\n167, 190, 223, 225, 383,\\n512, 513, 533, 535, 536,\\n395\\n491\\n-349\\n339\\n558\\n559\\n562\\n373\\n558\\n469\\n192\\n456\\n401\\n552\\n476\\n491\\n-483\\n395\\n376\\n40\\n191\\n93\\n483\\n183\\n557\\n59, 209\\nn. 81\\n562\\n339, 452, 489, 491\\n189\\n191\\n308\\n559\\n493-495\\nI\\n28, 547\\n364\\n488, 490\\n437\\n458\\n593\\n413, 416, 417, 428, 509\\n538, 540, 541, 546, 585\\n276\\n311^ 394, 395, 402, 535\\n494\\ny:\\n34 444. 5", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0695.jp2"}, "695": {"fulltext": "6io\\nINDEX.\\nEducation\\n1 64-1\\n71, 402-421\\nEgypt\\n319\\nEllis, Thomas S.\\n145\\n337.\\n388,\\n395, 490, 492, 493, 499, 500, 542, 560\\nEllis, William G.\\n258, 388, 499. 543. 552, 557. 559\\nEllis, W. H.\\n390\\nEllison, Harpless\\n560\\nEmerson, David\\n413\\nEmerson, Edward\\n401, 541, 542\\nEmerson, George H.\\n338, 399, 400, 401, 458, 459, 499, 500\\n530. 532, 534. 539. 552, 559. 593\\nEmerson, Jacob\\n190\\nEmerson, Richard H.\\n458, 560\\nEmery, Stephen\\n499\\nEmmons, Rev. Henry V\\n431\\nEnglish, John\\n121, 553\\nEpidemics\\n259-266\\nEvans, Albion G.\\n325. 337\\nEvans, A. R.\\n395\\nEvans, C. H.\\n492\\nEvans, C. W.\\n505\\nEvans, Etta A.\\n505\\nEvans, E. W.\\n492\\nEvans, J.\\n401\\nEvans, M. B.\\n505\\nEvans, Samuel G.\\n33S. 368\\nEvans, S. N.\\n338\\nEverett, Drusilla\\n191. 477\\nEverett, E. A.\\n335\\nEverett House\\n332\\nEverett, Persis F.\\n192, 423, 427\\nEverett, Hon. Richard Clair\\n34, 48, 51, 63, 94, 189, 193, 209, 215\\n248, 371, 382, 396, 397, 462, 4S3, 533\\n536, 538. 540, 545. 546, 553^ 562, 573\\nFabyan, Horace G 499\\nFarnham, Dolly\\n190\\nFarnham, Dorcas\\n190\\nFai nham, Edwin\\n560\\nFarnham, Elden\\n505\\nFarnham, Eliza\\n192\\nFarnham, George\\n244, 38S, 537\\nFarnham, Hannah\\n191\\nFarnham, Joel\\n121,553\\nFarnham, John\\n388\\nFarnham, John M.\\n560\\nFarnham, Joseph\\n191, 193", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0696.jp2"}, "696": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n6ll\\nFarnham, Mary\\nFarnham, Ransom J.\\nFarnham, William H.\\nFarrar, Tryphena\\nFarrar, Deacon William\\nFarrar, William H.\\nFarrington, Charles D.\\nFaulkner, Persis\\nP^aulkner, Sally\\nFaulkner, Sylvester\\nFaulkner, Timothy\\nFay, Rev. Prescott\\nFay, Solomon\\nFederal Appointments\\nFelch, Nathan\\nFernald, Mary\\nFernald, Payson E.\\nFerries Across Connecticut River\\nField, Daniel\\nField, John E.\\nFile Works\\nFires, Main Street\\nFire Department\\nFire Wards\\nFish\\nFish and Game Commissioners\\nFisher, G. C.\\nFishing\\nFisk, Anson\\nFisk. Frederick 158, 267\\nFisk, Henry\\nFisk, Orange\\nFisk, William C.\\nFitch, Rev. John\\nFlanders, James\\nFlanders, James R.\\nFlanders, Joseph W.\\nFlanders, Walter P.\\nFletcher, Charles W.\\nFletcher, Everett\\nFletcher, Hiram A. 256\\nFletcher, Kimball B.\\nFletcher, Kimball B., Jr.\\nFletcher, Mira B.\\nFletcher, Richard\\n335\\n371\\n131, 167, 192, 194, 407, 416,\\n433. 463, 509, 534. 535.\\n418,\\nZ7^,\\n385,\\n387,\\n390,\\n98-\\n436,\\n98,\\n436,\\n53\\n527\\n527-\\n15,528,\\n488, 491,\\n504, 505. 534,\\n505\\n388\\n558\\n427\\n427\\nS37\\n419\\n557\\n190\\n192\\n190\\n397\\n431\\n40\\n532\\n181\\n50s\\n505\\n100\\n337\\n594\\n391\\n-155\\n-531\\n-531\\n311\\n535\\n421\\n102\\n267\\n594\\n203\\n557\\n335\\n426\\n499\\n496\\n336,\\n335.\\n339. .394. 395. 420, 474. 497. 534.\\n336, 373. 393. 394, 399. 444. 466,\\n328, 337, 385, 394, 444, 525, 529,\\n390.\\n535\\n420\\n557\\n545\\n545\\n531\\n531\\n473\\n499, 538, 557", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0697.jp2"}, "697": {"fulltext": "6l2\\nINDEX.\\nFlood, T. L.\\nFoley, Michael J.\\nFolsom, Alice\\nFolsom, Dr. James D.\\nFolsom, Susan\\nFolsom, William A.\\nFoote, Elijah\\nForbes, Addie P.\\nForbes, Charles\\nForbes, Erastus W.\\nForbush, Henry C.\\nForesters, Catholic Order\\nForest, Merrill C.\\nFoshy, George W.\\nFoshy, Joseph\\nFort Weare\\nFort Wentworth\\nFoster, Maj.-Gen. John G.\\nFoster, Perley\\nFowle, Susan\\nFowler, Andrew J.\\nFox, Edward\\nFraternal Societies\\nFreeman, Alonzo P.\\nFreeman, Harmony\\nFreeman, James S.\\nFreeman, Mercy\\nFreeman, Orville E.\\nFreema.i, Porter G.\\nFreeman, Reuben G.\\nFreeman, Reuben W.\\nFreeman, Sally\\nFreeman, William P.\\nFrench, Charles\\nFrench, George C.\\nFrench, James\\nFrench, John\\nFrench, John J.\\nFrickey, John\\nFrost, Great (1764)\\nFrost, Oliver\\nFreewill Baptists\\nFountain, Benton Memorial\\nFountain, Kent Memorial\\nFuller, Calvin\\nFuller, Fred\\nFuller, Hezekiah\\n33^\\n236,\\n374\\n336,\\n383.\\n478,\\n489, 495, 536,\\n500,\\n2,37\\n483-\\n27, 68,\\n385, 524, 529, 549,\\n427, 430, 433,\\n19I 433.\\n160-\\n159-\\n82,\\n438\\n498\\n497\\n555\\n502\\n530\\n485\\n502\\n556\\n557\\n340\\n498\\n399\\n563\\n556\\n77\\n19\\n204\\n203\\n190\\n557\\n388\\n-505\\n594\\n191\\n551\\n427\\n550\\n593\\n564\\n540\\n191\\n433\\n562\\n558\\n121\\n121\\n483\\n77\\n22\\n383\\n452\\n161\\n160\\n556\\n562\\n380", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0698.jp2"}, "698": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n613\\nFuller, Jeremiah\\nFuller, Lemuel\\nFuller, Luther\\nFuller, Peter\\nFurniture, Manufacture of\\nGage, Rev. David\\nGaines, Oscar\\nGame\\nGames in Early Times\\nGamsby, George\\nGamsby, John\\nGamsby, Peter\\nGardner, Rowse B.\\nGarland, B. C.\\nGarland, Eben C.\\nGay, Abner\\nGazette, The Independent\\nGazette, The Lancaster\\nGazette, The New Hanipshh\\nGeology of Lancaster\\nGeno, Michael\\nGeorge, Ruth E.\\nGeorge, William\\nGerrish, Samuel J.\\nGibson, J. A.\\nGiddings, Tempa\\nGil key, H. B.\\nGillespie, Edward\\nGleason, Patrick\\nGlines, Rev. George A\\nGlines, Lsrael\\nGlines, John\\nGlover, Samuel\\nGofFe, Col. John\\nGoing, Ashael\\nGoing, Charles A.\\nGoodall, David\\nGoodrich, George A.\\nGoodrich, Rev. J. B.\\nGoodwin, Wells\\nGoing, Dr. Charles\\nGore, Concord\\nGorham, L B.\\nGormley, O. J.\\nGoss, Frank\\nGoss, H. L\\n374,\\n[31.\\n121\\n121\\n121\\nI go\\n557\\n311\\n349\\n192\\n83\\n121\\n436\\n395\\n;83, 444\\n121\\n338, 459\\n459\\n43\\n!8l-282\\n557\\n427\\n453\\n388\\n437\\n190\\n492\\n556\\n451\\n2, i7 317\\n2, 17, 317\\n191\\n34, 307\\n94, 331, 334\\n546\\n337\\n383\\n536, 451, 452\\n121\\n478\\n35\\n267, 379\\n498\\n457\\n469", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0699.jp2"}, "699": {"fulltext": "6i4\\nINDEX.\\nGoss, Natlianiel\\nGoss, Dr. Nathaniel\\nGoss, Sarah Ann\\nGotham, C. H.\\nGotham, Lavinia\\nGotham, Robert\\nGotham, Ruth\\nGotham, Samuel\\nGould, Andalusia\\nGould, Asa\\nGould, George\\nGovan, Rev. Andrew-\\nGove, Ira S. M.\\nGove, John M.\\nGovernor\\nGrand Army of the Republic\\nGrange, Mount Prospect\\nGrange Village\\nGrannis, Timothy\\nGrant, Frank C.\\nGrant, F. W.\\nGrant, Jonathan\\nGrant, Richard M. J.\\nGrantees of Lancaster\\nGraves, C. A.\\nGraves, H. A.\\nGray, Hosea\\nGray, Joseph M.\\nGray, Reuben\\nGreat Brook\\nGreen, Daniel\\nGreen, Elisha B.\\nGreen, Frank\\nGreen, James\\nGreen, Joseph S.\\nGreene, S. J. ^-v\\nGreenleaf, A. C.\\nGreenleaf, Alfred\\nGreenleaf, David\\nGreenleaf, Eunice\\nGreenleaf, Joseph\\nGreenleaf, Mary\\nGreenleaf, Nancy\\nGreenleaf, Sally\\nGreenleaf, Seth\\nGreeley, Horace, in Lancaster\\nGriffing, C. L.\\n399\\n444.\\n131.\\n535.\\n537.\\n267,\\n194.\\n538,\\n367.\\n272\\n394,\\n476,\\n121\\n418,\\n426,\\n545. 555.\\n499-\\n383.\\n505.\\n39.\\n499.\\n444. 528,\\n145.\\n444.\\n334, 382, 553.\\n272.\\n238.\\n540\\n477\\n192\\n339\\n192\\n553\\n191\\n553\\n419\\n267\\n340\\n441\\n593\\n269\\n531\\n-502\\n504\\n411\\n145\\n556\\n496\\n396\\n559\\n9\\n483\\n492\\n529\\n559\\n560\\n318\\n439\\n121\\n339\\n121\\n53S\\n457\\n554\\n335\\n577\\n192\\n548\\n577\\n191\\n191\\n323\\n239\\n459", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0700.jp2"}, "700": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n615\\nGriswold, Charles L.\\nGriswold, Sarah E.\\nGuernsey, Aaron\\nGuernsey, H. I.\\nGuernsey, H. J.\\nGuernsey, J. W.\\nGun House, The Old Red\\nGunsmiths\\nGustin, Polly\\nHadley, Robert\\nHadley, Stephen\\nHadley, William H.\\nHadlock, Hezekiah E.\\nHagerman, Theodore\\nHaines, John S.\\nHale, Daniel\\nHale, Ensign Ephraim\\nHale, Israel\\nHale, Israel, Jr.\\nHall, Ella F.\\nHall, Enoch\\nHall, Gustavus A.\\nHall. Henry\\nHall, James H.\\nHall, T. S.\\nHamblen, E. B.\\nHamblen, Jacob\\nHamilton, Peter\\nHannaford, J. R.\\nHannux, Samuel\\nHarden, William\\nHardy, James\\nHardy, John W.\\nHarness- makers and Saddlers\\nHarriman, H. C.\\nHarriman, Otis B.\\nHarriman, William J\\nHarrington, Rev. Charles E.\\nHarrington, George L.\\nHarrington, Josiah\\nHarris, Mrs. J. B.\\nHart, Joseph\\nHart, Samuel\\nHartford, George A.\\nHartford, M. E.\\nHartford, N. W.\\n267,\\n528,\\n336.367, 530\\n494\\n375 394\\n401\\n542\\n437\\n516-517\\n373\\n190\\n497\\n334, 376\\n420\\n499, 559 560\\n558\\n334\\n40\\n2\\n40\\n40\\n502\\n82\\n554\\n121\\n538, 549, 550\\n482\\n369, 478\\n335, 337\\n122\\n497\\n131\\n560\\n553\\n436\\n378\\n267, 418\\n559\\n541,594\\n336, 432\\n557\\n551\\n246\\n325, 557\\n60\\n245, 537\\n439\\n3\\n40, 371", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0701.jp2"}, "701": {"fulltext": "6i6\\nINDEX.\\nHartford, Stephen\\nHartford, M. E.\\nHartley, Mary\\nHartley, Philip\\nHartley, William H.\\nHartshorn, Harry C.\\nHartshorn, Lilla\\nHartshorn, Lydia\\nHartwell, Betsey\\nHartwell, George F.\\nHartwell, Rev. Henry H\\nHartwell, Jonathan\\nHartwell, Polly\\nHartwell, Samuel\\nHarvey, James\\nHastings, Moses A.\\nHatch, Kate\\nHatch, Obed S.\\nHatch, W. I.\\nHatch, W. W.\\nHatters\\nHaven, John\\nHawley, Betsey Libbey\\nHayes, Benjamin\\nHayes, Frederick O.\\nHayes, Harry\\nHayes, J. F. C.\\nHayes, Lucinda\\nHayes, Stephen\\nHays, Joanna\\nHazen, Ann\\nHazen, Gen. Moses\\nHazen, L. T.\\nHead, Edmund\\nHeath, Nelson\\nHeath, William H.\\nHeath, William M.\\nHemmenway, Clarissa\\nHemmenway, George B\\nHemmenway, Joel\\nHemmenway, Lucy\\nHemmenway, Solomon\\nHenderson, Joseph\\nHendley, Rev. C. J.\\nHendricks, William W.\\nHeney, Thomas\\nHening, Crawford D.\\n137\\n474\\n194\\n487,\\n267,\\n490,\\n590,\\n491.\\n368, 369,\\n437.\\n492 493 534-\\n383,\\n540,\\n193\\n194,\\n505-\\n458-\\n338,\\n378-\\n04, 267,\\n325-\\n546, 548,\\n409, 429,\\n452, 494,\\n388\\n497\\n502\\n542\\n542\\n459\\n505\\n190\\n191\\n528\\n439\\n193\\n190\\n191\\n121\\n552\\n494\\n121\\n378\\n524\\n-379\\n193\\n190\\n192\\n559\\n562\\n453\\n191\\n554\\n194\\n193\\n88\\n395\\n483\\n560\\n551\\n490\\n427\\n409\\n554\\n191\\n541\\n121\\n495\\n500\\n498\\n339", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0702.jp2"}, "702": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n617\\nHenry, Samuel .121\\nHerald, The Prohibition\\n459\\nHerald, The Coos\\n460\\nHetson, William B.\\n558\\nHeywood, Francis\\n325. 557\\nHeywood, Henry\\n336, 401, 474, 535\\nHeywood, Hon. William\\n234.\\n275.\\n335 336,:\\n98, 399, 451, 466, 520,\\nHibbard, Hon. Harry\\n225, 420\\nHibbard, Nat.\\n453\\nHicks, John\\n121, 553\\nHill, Aaron\\n190\\nHill, Charles A.\\n338\\nHill, Edward\\n337\\nHill, Henry\\n437, 550\\nHill, L.\\n437\\nHilliard, Alma P.\\n.505\\nHilliard, Charles\\n203, 547\\nHilliard, Emily T.\\n505\\nHilliard, H. DeF.\\n497\\nHilliard, Capt. Henry S.\\n8\\n9, 92\\n401,\\n406, 499,\\n500, 505, 535, 542, 555\\nHimes, Rev. William Lloyd\\n452\\nHinds, Abraham\\n256, 462, 535, 542\\nHinds, H. W.\\n492\\nHines, William\\n397\\nHinman, Joseph\\n326\\nHinman, H. B.\\n492\\nHobart, Harry\\n547\\nHobart, Josiah\\n131\\nHobart, Josiah G.\\n513,547\\nHodgdon, Annie J.\\n505\\nHodgdon, Betsey\\n190\\nHodgdon, Charles S.\\n541, 551\\nHodgdon, Charles W.\\n594\\nHodgdon, Dudley N., 2d\\n594\\nHodgdon, H. G.\\n593\\nHodgdon, Irving D.\\n505\\nHodgdon, John W.\\n267, 413, 541, 546\\nHodgdon, Olivia\\n192\\nHodgdon, Phinehas\\n90, 552\\nHodgdon, Phineas R.\\n499, 559\\nHodgdon, R. L.\\n594\\nHodgdon, Thomas\\n194\\nHodgdon, Thomas S.\\n235, 267\\nHodgdon, W. C.\\n505\\nHodge, I. A.\\n559\\nHodge, Joseph E.\\n558", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0703.jp2"}, "703": {"fulltext": "6i8\\nINDEX.\\nHodge, Joseph K.\\nHodgson, Rufus\\nHogg, Jolin\\nHolbrook, John\\nHolbrook, Sheldon\\nHoHdays, In Early Times\\nHolkins, Olive B.\\nHolkins, William\\nHolman, William W.\\nHolmes, Asa\\nHolmes, Betsey\\nHolmes, Daniel\\nHolmes, Dorcas\\nHolmes, John\\nHolmes, John M.\\nHolmes, Lemuel\\nHolmes, Martha\\nHolmes, William\\nHolt, Rev. Kilburn\\nHolton, Edward D.\\nHolton, Fred\\nHolton, Homestead\\nHolton, Horace F.\\nHolton, James\\nHolton, Joseph\\nHood, Asa\\nHoogs, Edward\\nHooper, Josiah\\nHopkins, Hannah\\nHopkins, John M.\\nHopkins, T. A.\\nHopkins, Thomas\\nHopkinson, Isaac W.\\nHopkinson, John H.\\nHopkinson, Joshua\\nHoran, James\\nHorn, William\\nHoskins, Robert\\nHosmer, Lewis\\nHosmer, L. R.\\nHosmer, Riley\\nHotels, The\\nHotels\\nAmerican House\\nCoos\\nElm Cottage\\n19.\\n370.\\n176,\\n59\\n121\\n323 574,\\n504,\\n329, 332, 354,\\n528, 535-\\n398,\\n337\\n41, 5\\n145\\n198\\n47, 564,\\n339\\n401, 505, 531,\\n338, 394,\\n514-\\n339, 350, 514,\\n123,\\n560\\n335\\n5 6\\n83\\n121\\n-207\\n427\\n593\\n421\\n397\\n191\\n553\\n191\\n121\\n553\\n397\\n192\\n512\\n451\\n583\\n505\\n514\\n541\\n323\\n131\\n192\\n458\\n438\\n190\\n516\\n498\\n563\\n542\\n529\\n190\\n49S\\n5 3\\n121\\n499\\n505\\n7\\n-517\\n515\\n515\\n515\\n516", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0704.jp2"}, "704": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n619\\nHotels, continued.\\nGreen s Cottage\\nLancaster House\\nStewart House\\nTemperence House\\nWilliams House\\nHoughton, Neh.\\nHouses, Some Old\\nHovey, Jonathan\\nHovey, Paschal\\nHovey, Richard\\nHovey, Ruth A.\\nHovey, Stephen\\nHow, Charles\\nHow, Daniel\\nHoward, Leonard W.\\nHoward, Lewis\\nHoward, Rev. Thomas\\nHowe, Charles\\nHowe, Charles A.\\nHowe, Daniel\\nHowe, Edward\\nHowe, George\\nHowe, Harvey\\nHowe, John C.\\nHowe, Joseph\\nHowe, Joseph D.\\nHowe, Lupy\\nHowe, Lydia\\nHowe, Nathan\\nHowe, Samuel\\nHowe, Selden C.\\nHoyt, Rev. Benjamin R.\\nHuckins, John\\nHuggins, William\\nHunking, Dr. Benjamin\\nHunking, Benjamin F.\\nHunnux, Elizabeth\\nHunnux House\\nHunnux, Samuel\\nHunt, John\\nHunt, Moses T.\\nHunter, Johnson C.\\nHuntoon, George\\nHuntoon, Greenleaf\\n244\\n394\\n420.\\n439\\n155. 157\\n390, 490\\n340\\n304, 337, 338\\n328, 416, 504, 530\\n350. 436\\n413, 436, 437,\\n492, 504, 535, 537.\\n436.\\n131, 191, 238, 257, 260, 267, 336,\\n444, 477, 485, 486, 533, 542, 564,\\n327, 418, 419, 489, 490, 493.\\n504, 516, 533, 536, 538, 564.\\n13I 191\\n516\\n515\\nS16\\n516\\n516\\n121\\n332\\n528\\n550\\n493\\n493\\n261\\n40\\n190\\n557\\n438\\n447\\n378\\n531\\n193\\n60\\n516\\n267\\n427\\n593\\n542\\n508\\n427\\n43\\n397\\n505\\n437\\n191\\nI9t\\n358\\n593\\n495\\n594\\n193\\n335\\n372\\n192\\n383\\n337\\n122", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0705.jp2"}, "705": {"fulltext": "620\\nINDEX.\\nHuntoon, Willard\\nHurd, Col. John\\nHurlburt, Silas\\nHurley, Patrick\\nHutchins, Alpheus\\nHutchins, Frank D.\\nHutchins, G. E.\\nHutchins, J. C.\\nHutchins, Mother\\nHutchins, Ruth Stockwell\\nHutchins, Stilson\\nIndians\\nIndian Brook\\nIndependent Gazette\\nIngerson, C. H.\\nIngerson, Douglas\\nIngerson, Edgar\\nIngerson, Frederick\\nIngerson. George\\nIngerson, George W.\\nIngerson, John S.\\nIngerson, W. E.\\nInsects\\nInsurance Co., The Coos Mu\\nIrish, J. C.\\nIsraels River\\nJackson, Alfred L.\\nJackson, Peyton\\nJackson, Willard\\nJackson, Willard A.\\nJails\\nJacobs, Proctor\\nJaques, Robert\\nJaques, Thomas\\nJarvis, Edward\\nJarvis, William\\nJenness, John C.\\nJenison, Thomas\\nJenison, Hopestill\\nJennison, Samuel\\nJoe, Captain\\nJohn, Captain\\nJohns River\\nJohnson, Allen\\nJohnson, A. T.\\ntual Fire\\n121\\n53, 72\\n487\\n340\\n121, 192,\\n553\\n569\\n394, 395, 452,\\n474,\\n521\\n492\\n492\\n181\\n1\\n-183\\n-4, I\\n338,\\n134,\\n486,\\n435\\n272\\n181\\n4-17\\n317\\n459\\n340\\n554\\n538\\n558\\n553\\n67,\\n371,\\n338,\\n398\\n511\\n333\\n525\\n292\\n-400\\n421\\n12, 14, 17. 6:\\n..64,\\n317\\n559\\n560\\n335\\n559\\n510\\n-511\\n401\\n388\\n388\\n559\\n559\\n556,\\n559\\n191\\n546,\\n562\\n26\\n308\\n308\\n17,\\n444.\\n317\\n558\\n594", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0706.jp2"}, "706": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n621\\nJohnson, Daniel T.\\nJohnson, Emily\\nJohnson, George H.\\nJohnson, John\\nJohnson, L.\\nJohnson, Moses\\nJohnson, Samuel\\nJohnson, William\\nJones, Alexander\\nJones, Dr. Dan Lee\\nJones, Dennis\\nJones, Edwin R.\\nJones, Emma F. M.\\nJones, Frank\\nJones, Harry\\nJones, Harry H.\\nJones, S. A.\\nJones, William T.\\nJordan, Hon. Chester B\\nJordan, Hollis\\nJordan, John\\nJoyslin House\\nJoyslin, Julia J.\\nJoyslin, Levi B.\\nJoyslin, Royal\\n336,\\n50,\\n339.\\n242,\\n475.\\n1 13, 129, 131, 225,\\n365, 366, 370, 385,\\nJoyslin, Rev. William R.\\nJudges of Probate\\nJustices of the Court of Common Pleas\\nJustices of the Superior Court of Judicature\\nJustices of the Supreme Judicial Court\\nKane, Charles H.\\nKeeler, S. C.\\nKehew, F. A.\\nKellogg, S. G.\\nKeir, H. A.\\nKellum, Daniel\\nKellum, Francis\\nKellum, John\\nKenerson, Eli\\nKenerson, Ezra\\nKent, Annie O.\\nKent, Bernice A\\nKent, Charles N.\\n01, 107,\\n59-\\n479 494.\\n134.\\n557:\\n394.\\n243. 245, 339 394 395 4i5\\n490. 532, 533 534 537. 539:\\n545\\n227, 234, 25S, 267, 269, 331,\\n393 452 4^7 509 523 527^\\n536, 542,\\n33, 418, 419.\\n335 373\\n55S\\n192\\n505\\n372\\n269\\n420\\n539\\n189\\n122\\n556\\n554\\n558\\n495\\n395\\n339\\n497\\n421\\n3\\n458\\n545\\n32 7\\nS5\\n333\\n427\\n593\\n335\\n528\\n593\\n551\\n533\\n533\\n533\\n533\\n557\\n438\\n455 459\\n438\\n525\\n449\\n240, 449, 537, 542\\n449\\n554\\n436\\n494\\n501\\n160, 460, 456", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0707.jp2"}, "707": {"fulltext": "622\\nINDEX.\\nKent, Debby A.\\nKent, Col. Edward R.\\nKent, Emily Mann\\nKent, George N.\\nKent. Col. Henrv O.\\nKent, Henry Percy\\nKent, James S.\\nKent, Mary R.\\nKent, Nellie B.\\nKent, Nelson\\nKent, Richard P.\\ni6o, 336, 338, 366\\n494, 524, 525\\n138, 145, 234, 236\\n324. 349, 393, 395\\n518, 524, 529, 532\\n113, 127, 129, 131\\n327, 328, 331, 333\\n372, 393\\nKidder, Amos\\nKier, Alexander\\nKilby, John\\nKimball, Albert\\nKimball, C. E.\\nKimball, George\\nKimball, J. M.\\nKimball, Dr. O. H.\\nKimball, R. G.\\nKimball, Thomas H.\\nKing, Charles E.\\nKing, James A.\\nKing, James N.\\nKingsley, E. W.\\nKnapp, Joshua\\nKnight, Amaziah\\nKnight, Shepard\\nKnip, Harvey\\nKoster, John S.\\nLabare, Joseph\\nLabare, Peter\\nLadd, Fletcher\\nLadd, Hon. William S\\nLaforce, Fred\\nLamb, Caleb\\nLamkin, Joshua\\nLamson, Reuben\\nLancaster Gazeite, The\\nLancaster, First Settlement of\\n24;\\n336\\n394\\n394, 395, 401, 487.\\n526, 527, 530, 531\\n238, 239, 240, 242,\\n398, 400, 418, 454,\\n533, 534, 536, 538\\n551^\\n394\\n336, 366, 367,\\n160, 234, 248, 255,\\n335, 336, 337, 365,\\n394, 397, 452, 524.\\n595\\n472,\\n513,\\n93, 445\\n490, 491, 493\\n545, 593, 594\\n160\\n328, 496\\n244, 245, 306\\n473, 487, 499\\n543, 545, 549\\n554, 591, 593\\n395, 398, 476\\n145, 560\\n415,416\\n494\\n398, 444, 594\\n267, 269, 275\\n366, 367, 370\\n528, 529, 593\\n437\\n562\\n191\\n246\\n338\\n483\\n378\\n480\\n594\\n203\\n05, 556\\n558\\n556\\n459\\n122\\nJ2I, 553\\nyoi^ 373, 436\\n558\\n338\\n504, 5\\n339\\n533,\\n18\\n122\\n460, 474\\n535, 537\\n338\\n436\\n87\\n423\\n257, 339\\n172-173", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0708.jp2"}, "708": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n623\\nLancaster, Grantees of\\nLancaster House\\nLancaster, Location of\\nLancaster Manufacturing Co.\\nLancaster, Organization of the Town of\\nLancaster, Relocation of Boundaries of\\nLands, Original Allotment of\\nLancaster Public Library, The\\nLane Brothers Clothing Co.\\nLane, Eben\\nLane, G. A.\\nLane, George W.\\nLane, Gorham\\nLang, Andrew J.\\nLang, David R.\\nLang, John\\nLangdon, John\\nLangworthy, R. M\\nLapointe, Louis\\nLargy, Marquis\\nLarkin, Charles A\\nLarned, Abel\\nLarned, Abijah\\nLarned, David\\nLarson, Peter\\nLary, Joseph\\nLaton, Abigail\\nLawson, David\\nLeary, Michael\\nLeavens, Abel\\nLeavens, Abel, Jr\\nLeavens, Fanny\\nLeavens, Francis\\nLeavenworth, B. M\\nLeavitt, Eugene\\nLee, Charles\\nLeGro, Amos\\nLeGro, Abigail\\nLeGro, David\\nLeGro, Eliza\\nLeGro, Eunice\\nLeGro, Hannah\\nLeGro, James\\nLeGro, Dr. Samuel\\nLeGro, Samuel H. 276, 323,\\n490. 535.\\n192,\\n28,\\n518-\\n371-\\n245.\\n67, 358,\\n537. 541\\n436,\\n238, 541,\\n180, 192, 234, 236, 240,\\n325, 386, 387, 394, 395, 439,\\n536, 541, 542, 550, 551, 593,\\n9\\n515\\n28\\n338\\n38\\n28\\n36\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0521\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2372\\n191\\n492\\n537\\n428\\n558\\n420\\n383\\n179\\n496\\n558\\n498\\n559\\n.85\\n77\\n77\\n558\\n558\\n191\\n40\\n560\\n192\\n548\\n192\\n192\\n525\\n495\\n388\\n593\\n192\\n325\\n191\\n192\\n192\\n594\\n477\\n487\\n594", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0709.jp2"}, "709": {"fulltext": "624\\nINDEX.\\nLeith, Dr. W. H.\\nLeonard, Benjamin F.\\nLessard, Rev. H.\\nLewis, Alden\\nLewis, Lieut. John G.,\\nLewis, Horatio O.\\nLibbey, Henry C.\\nLilley, Alexander\\nLincoln, Luke\\nLindsey, Carrie B.\\nLindsey, Freeman\\nLindsey, John\\nLindsey, John M.\\nLindsey, Ned A.\\nLindsey, Nelson B.\\nLindsey, Samuel\\nLindsey, Wallace\\nLindsey, William W.\\nLinscott, Fred S.\\nLittle, Rev. E. P.\\nLittle, VVheelock H.\\nLivermore, Judge Arthur\\nLocalities, Names of\\nLocke, John H.\\nLong, Henry\\nLong, Timothy\\nLoomis, John\\nLord, John\\nLord, Samuel A.\\nLome, James S.\\nLotcher, Edward\\nLougee, M. B.\\nLovejoy, Abiel\\nLovejoy, Artemas\\nLovejoy, George\\nLovejoy, John W.\\nLovejoy, Prescott\\nLovejoy, Hon. William\\nLovewell, Nathan\\nLoyne, Rev. W. A.\\nLynds, Ziba\\nLucas, Frank M.\\nLucas, George W.\\nLucas, Harvey H.\\nLucas, James S.\\n155\\n271\\n72,\\n401,\\n138,\\n339.\\n325^\\n252, 325 555^\\n325^\\n444 516, 5\\n338. 497,\\n32,\\n!i6.\\n55\\n411, 412, 540.\\n131^\\n232, 267, 430, 528, 535,\\n548,\\n131, 167, 190, 194, 397, 416, 485, 492\\n531, 534, 536, 538, 539. 540, 541,\\n59.\\n122\\n558\\n325\\n479\\n337\\n450\\n558\\n558.\\n559\\n276\\n560\\n40\\n516\\n557\\n529\\n550\\n516\\n557\\n122\\n68\\n538\\n542\\n452\\n492\\n512\\n-320\\n383\\n560\\n498\\n203\\n43\\n420\\n558\\n559\\n492\\n541\\n513\\n439\\n539\\n550\\n,510\\n593\\n189\\n492\\n131\\n556\\n553\\n559\\n558", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0710.jp2"}, "710": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n62 i\\nLucas, John\\nLucas, Levi\\nLyman, Dr. Eliphalet\\nLyon, William E.\\nMacomber, Thomas\\nMagoon,. Garvin R.\\nMahoney, Daniel\\nMahurin, Ephraim\\nMahurin, Ephraim H.\\nMahurin, W. C.\\nMails, The\\nMann, Benjamin\\nMann, John\\nManning, E. T.\\nManufacturing, First\\nMarble, Samuel\\nMarden, Fanny\\nMarden, George W.\\nMarden, James\\nMarden, Warren\\nMarriages, Some Early\\nMarsh, Elwyn R.\\nMarsh, Sylvester\\nMarshall, Anderson J.\\nMarshall, Antipas P.\\nMarshall, Caleb\\nMarshall, Daniel R.\\nMarshall, Emma\\nMarshall, Gilbert A.\\nMarshall, Joseph C.\\nMarshall, Kate M.\\nMarshall, Rev. Moody P.\\nMarshall, Washington D.\\nMarshall, William\\nMartin, An Early Hunter\\nMartin, George A,\\nMartin, James\\nMartin, Moses\\nMartin Meadovi^\\nMartin Meadow Pond\\nMartin, Rebecca\\nMason, David G.\\nMason, Hon. David H\\nMason, John\\nMason, Oren\\nMasonic Lodge\\n40\\n234\\n335\\n68\\n337\\ni3i\\n374\\n261,\\n376,\\n477.\\n485.\\n393^\\n244.\\ni94\\n486,\\n394,\\n414,\\n406,\\n113-\\n524,\\n504-\\n235,\\n428,\\n547\\n190\\n492,\\n538, 547\\n496, 499\\n421\\n489\\n491,492\\n557\\n131,\\n193, 209\\n537\\n458\\n254-259\\n40\\n314\\n437\\n-130\\n369-391\\n40\\n192\\n557\\n192\\n436, 541\\n594\\n189-192\\n563\\n420\\n528\\n529, 537\\n377\\n82, 87\\n490\\n494\\n505\\n537, 542\\n388, 594\\n494\\n236\\n388, 536\\n494, 495\\n195\\n316\\n337, 378\\n557\\n191\\n316\\n316-317\\n191\\n538\\n565, 567\\n547,\\n548, 550\\n548, 549\\n483-495", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0711.jp2"}, "711": {"fulltext": "626\\nINDEX.\\nMatliews, Joseph\\nMathews, Joseph P.\\nMatliews, W. S.\\nMcCaffrey, Owen F.\\nMcCaffrey, Patrick\\nMcCaffrey, Philip\\nMcCaffrey, Timothy\\nMcCarten, James\\nMcCarten, Robert\\nMcCarten, WilHam H.\\nMcCarthy, Henry\\nMcClintock, J. H.\\nMcCIintock, Wilham R\\nMcCormic, Martin\\nMcDonald, Samuel S.\\nMcGinley, Thomas\\nMcGoff, Isaac\\nMcGraw, J. E.\\nMcHugh, M.\\nMclntire, Charles E.\\nMclntire, Dorothy\\nMclntire, Eben\\nMclntire, Edward\\nMclntire, Edward B,\\nMclntire, Emmons\\nMclntire, Eunice\\nMclntire, Irving\\nMclntire, Jacob\\nMclntire, James\\nMclntire, James E\\nMclntire, Jane\\nMclntire, John\\nMclntire, John, JV\\nMclntire, Laura\\nMclntire, Mary\\nMclntire, Mercy\\nMclntire, Olive\\nMclntire, Sallie\\nMclntire, Samuel\\nMclntire, Sarah\\nMclntire, Silas\\nMclntire, Susan\\nMclntire, Susie\\nMclntire, William\\nMcKellips, Nellie\\nMcKoy, William\\nMcMahon, John\\n328\\n488\\n491\\n92\\n493\\n181\\n499\\n500,\\n191,\\n267\\n557, 559\\n496\\n498\\n557\\n558\\n240, 337. 339,\\n243, 395, 53\u00c2\u00b0, 531,\\n525,\\n535,\\n539, 542, 557,\\n92, 541, 550,\\n412, 414, 504,\\n194, 338- 383^ 414,\\n67, 436, 541\\n537\\n537\\n535\\n559\\n499\\n499\\n557\\n560\\n498\\n563\\n339\\n52s\\n594\\n92\\n92\\n92\\n541\\n92\\n92\\n505\\n553\\n551\\n505\\n92\\n553\\n92\\n92\\n92\\n92\\n190\\n92\\n593\\n192\\n541\\n92\\n497\\n92\\n502\\n436\\n559", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0712.jp2"}, "712": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n627\\nMcNally, C. T.\\nMcRae, Patrick\\nMcRae, Frank\\nMeacham, A. B.\\nMelcher, Edward\\nMellen, James\\nMemorial Day\\nMercbandise, First Stocks of,\\nMerchants, The\\nMercantile Pursuits, The Vai\\nMeeting-house, The Old\\nMerriam, Joseph W.\\nMerriam, William\\nMerrill, Carrie B.\\nMerrill, Dudley\\nMerrill, Oliver\\nMerrill, Capt. Peter\\nMerrill, Seneca S.\\nMerry, Charles O.\\nMeserve, John H.\\nMeseive, John L.\\nMeserve, William\\nMesser, Frederick G,\\nMesser, Lucy\\nMetallak (Indian)\\nMetcalf, Jonathan\\nMethodists, The Early\\nMethodist Episcopal Church,\\nMiles, Daniel\\nMillette, M. J.\\nMilitary History of the Town\\nMillerite Excitement, The\\nMills, Appropriations for\\nMills, Cloth\\nMills, First\\nMills, Grist and Saw\\nMills, Lands Set Apart for\\nMills, Starch\\nMiner, Thomas\\nMitchell, Dr. Ezra\\nMitchell, William\\nModerators\\nMolineaux, W.\\nMonahan, Edward M\\nMonahan, James\\nMonahan, James A.\\nMonahan, James M.\\nBrou\\neht to Town\\n-113\\n444,\\n131^\\n194,\\nThe\\n336,\\n339-\\n394,\\n395\\n452,\\n334,\\n479- 5\\n395\\n563\\n563\\n338\\n267. 335, 2,2 7\\n122\\n199\\n26, 1 12, 363\\n363-369\\n129, 363-369\\n506-509\\n454, 549, 550\\n122\\n475\\n192\\n192\\n512\\n394\\n558\\n436\\n558\\n418, 419\\n348, 378, 547\\n192\\n309, 310\\n558\\n179-181\\n434-440\\n40\\n339 498\\n543-563\\n452\\n42\\n334, 371\\n96-97\\n336, 379-384\\n2 3\\n387-389\\n190\\n00, 545, 556\\n191, 547\\n538-539\\n26\\n498\\n530. 537\\n245, 498, 537\\n498, 525", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0713.jp2"}, "713": {"fulltext": "628\\nINDEX.\\nMonahan, John\\nMonahan, John G.\\nMonahan, M.\\nMonahan, Martin A.\\nMonahan, Martin J.\\nMonahan, Matthew\\nMonroe, Polly\\nMontgomery, Charles\\nMontgomery, L.\\nMoody, George\\nMoody, Thomas P.\\nMoody, William\\nMooney, Capt. James\\nMooney, John\\nMoor, Polly\\nMoore, Ann\\nMoore, Betsey\\nMoore, Blanche A.\\nMoore, Coffin\\nMoore, Comfort\\nMoore, Eliza\\nMoore, Fanny\\nMoore, George W,\\nMoore, Harmony\\nMoore, Harry\\nMoore, Harvey\\nMoore, Herberta\\nMoore, Jacob B.\\nMoore, J. B.\\nMoore, John\\nMoore, John C.\\nMoore, John L.\\nMoore, John W\\nMoore, Joseph B.\\nMoore, L. F.\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nMoore,\\nLouisa\\nMartha\\nMartha P\\nMary\\nMary Jane\\nNancy\\nNathanie\\nPeggy\\nSally\\nSarah Ann\\nWilliam\\n63,\\n394,\\n191,\\n416,\\n242,\\n59^\\n93\\n487,\\n94-\\n43, 337\\n338\\n67, 325\\n9^373\\n267\\n492,\\n122,\\n62, 375, 383\\n267, 548,\\n245, 394, 416, 487, 524, 525, 531,\\n122,\\n541, 548,\\n241, 323, 338, 370, 377- 385, 394-\\n399, 444, 487, 489, 490, 495,\\n7,\\n52, 59, 90, 94, 131, 192, 414, 509, 548\\n560\\n560\\n526\\n449\\n498\\n537\\n190\\n388\\n269\\n391\\n559\\n513\\n134\\n558\\n190\\n192\\n191\\n494\\n412\\n191\\n407\\n191\\n554\\n427\\n122\\n553\\n495\\n553\\n594\\n594\\n559\\n537\\n553\\n549\\n398\\n594\\n192\\n191\\n192\\n192\\n431\\n192\\n122\\n191\\n191\\n427\\n593", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0714.jp2"}, "714": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n629\\nMoore, William Weeks\\nMorgan, Erasmus B.\\nMorgan, George W.\\nMorrill, A. W.\\nMorrill, William W.\\nMorrison, Rev. J. B.\\nMorse, B. C.\\nMorse, Charles\\nMorse, E. B.\\nMorse, E. L.\\nMorse, Florence\\nMorse, Frederick\\nMorse, George H\\nMorse, Horace F\\nMorse, J. H.\\nMorse, J. M.\\nMorse, John W.\\nMorse, Kimball A\\nMorse, Shepard\\nMorse. Thomas\\nMoultoh, Benjamin F.\\nMoulton, Deborah\\nMoulton, George V.\\nMoulton, Henry H.\\nMoulton, James\\nMoulton, John W.\\nMoulton, Joseph\\nMoulton, Orville R.\\nMoulton, William\\nMount Pleasant\\nMount Prospect\\nMount Washington\\nMount Willard\\nMountains, Presidential Range of\\nMudge, Ebenezer\\nMudgett, Samuel S.\\nMuster Days\\nNash, Samuel\\nNash, Timothy\\nNash, Timothy, Jr.\\nNash and Sawyer s Location\\nNash Stream\\nNeel, Hughbastis\\nNesbit, James\\nNevins, James\\nNewell, Rev. W. W.\\n19\\n23 39\\n54\\n372,\\n513\\n437\\n499-\\n557\\n383-\\n390\\n421\\n448,\\n521\\n504,\\n505\\n378\\n505\\n505\\n505\\n558\\n505\\n145,\\n560\\n505\\n499\\n557\\n560\\n122\\n553\\n335.\\n373\\n559\\n191\\n338\\n496\\n558\\n557\\n557\\n267\\n557,\\n560\\n54\\n12, 92\\n12, 92,\\n318\\n14\\n318\\n12-13, 14\\n122\\n444\\n200\\n-204\\n77\\n55, ?,i7^\\n318\\n380\\n22, 60,\\n317\\n317\\nII\\n122\\n32\\n447", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0715.jp2"}, "715": {"fulltext": "630\\nINDEX.\\nNew Hampshire Gazette\\nNewman, John F.\\nNewmarsh, Joseph\\nNewspapers, The\\nNewspapers, The First\\nNickerson, George H.\\nNoisseaux, Rev. Fr. Isadore\\nNoonan, P.\\nNorris, George S.\\nNorris, G. W.\\nNorris, James\\nNorthern N ews, The\\nNorth Side Coaching Parade,\\nNorton, G. A.\\nNotton, Margaret\\nNourse, Fred H.\\nNourse, J. B.\\nNoyes, Charles C.\\nNoyes, Clara I.\\nNoyes, F. W.\\nNoyes, Gertrude\\nNoyes, Hohnan H.\\nNoyes, Ira G.\\nNoyes, Rev. James\\nNoyes, J. B.\\nNoyes, Jennie M.\\nNoyes, Lieut. Parlter J.\\nNutter, Charles A\\nNutter, Charles E\\nNutter, Charles F\\nNutter, Ida R.\\nNutter, Jason F.\\nNutter, Joseph L.\\nNutter, Oliver\\nNutter, Samuel O\\nNutting, Harvey\\nO Brion, C. C.\\nOckington, B. B.\\nOckington, John S.\\nOdell, Luke\\nOdell, William A.\\nOdd Fellows, The\\nOTlanigan, Michael\\nOlcott, Barzillai S.\\nOlcott, Dr. Brainerd T.\\nOleson, Herman E.\\nH.\\nThe\\n324,\\n337\\n482,\\n483,\\n490,\\n491\\n496,\\n23s\\n43\\n560\\n32\\n452-460\\n132, 452\\n557\\n328, 336, 450\\n498\\n340\\n438\\n436\\n460\\n161-162\\n492\\n192\\n491, 492\\n496\\n542\\nSOI\\n492\\n494, 497\\n497. 525\\n504, 505\\n336, 438\\n492\\n505\\n499 500. 556\\n337\\n559\\n557\\n475\\n549 550\\n337\\n542\\n557\\n374\\n258, 368, 529,\\n395. 492\\n233\\n490, 495\\n560\\n421\\n336, 495-496\\n558\\n337 391\\n480, 499\\n491", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0716.jp2"}, "716": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n631\\nOlin, C\\nOrr, Benjamin\\nOrr, Stephen\\nOrthodox Congregational Church,\\nOsbourne, Adam\\nOsbourne, H. T.\\nOsbourne, William\\nOsgood, Abner\\nOsgood, Rev. George\\nOtis, Ezra\\nOtter Brook\\nPadelford, Peter\\nPadelford, Philip\\nPage, Abigail\\nPage, Amasa\\nPage, Caleb\\nPage, David\\nThe\\n38,\\n4, 5, 6, 8, 18, 19, 2\\n39, 42, 54, 57, 59\\n195, 198, 291, 313\\nPage, David, Jr.\\nPage, Elijah\\nPage, Fred W.\\nPage, Harlan W.\\nPage, Harriet\\nPage, Jack\\nPage, Joel\\nPage, John\\nPage, Maria\\nPage, Mary\\nPage, Moses\\nPage, Orasmus\\nPage, Rachel\\nPage, Ruth\\nPage, Samuel\\nPage, Susannah\\nPage, William\\nPaine, S. E.\\nPalmer, Charles S\\nPalmer, Nelson\\nPalmer, O. C.\\nPaper Mills, The\\nParis\\nParker, Charles\\nParker, John L.\\nParker, Levi H.\\n6, 19, 22\\n437\\n59\\n122\\n421-433\\n\u00c2\u00b0S58\\n339\\n388\\nn^ 539 553\\n246, 447\\n190\\n3 8\\n383\\n383\\n190\\n554\\n180\\no, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 38\\n71, 75, 85, 86, 89, 97, 100. 112, 194\\n325. Z^l 379 380, 41O 422, 533, 538\\n539, 540, 568, 571\\n3, 39, 53, 194, 539, 552, 568, 571\\n193\\n491, 492\\n421\\n192\\n190\\n131, 181, 193\\n553\\n191\\n418, 419, 482\\n195 325. 539 553\\n193\\n193\\n24 44. 571\\n11^ 86, 553\\n21\\n40, 513\\n395\\n528\\n558\\n421\\n385-387\\n319\\n558\\n457\\n490, 491, 492, 499, 500, 525, 526, 556\\n59-8\\n2, 85\\n87\\no, 22", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0717.jp2"}, "717": {"fulltext": "632\\nINDEX.\\nParks, David\\n340\\nParks, John 340\\nParks, The Public 322-325\\nParsons, Hezekiah B. -535\\nParsons, J. I. 395, 483\\nParty, American 233\\nParty, Abolitionist 227, 228-229, 230\\nParty, Democratic 217, 218, 221, 222, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230,\\n231, 23s, 237, 238, 240, 242, 244, 245\\nParty, Federalist\\n216, 217, 218, 219\\nParty, Free Soil\\n227, 228, 232, 234\\nParty, Greenback\\n241, 242\\nParty, Independent Democrats\\n227, 230, 234\\nParty, Know-nothing\\n232, 233\\nParty, Labor Reform\\n237\\nParty, National Republican\\n220\\nParty, Prohibition\\n237, 241, 242, 244, 245\\nParty, Republican 216, 217, 230, 233, 234, 235, 237, 242, 244, 245\\nParty, Whig 220, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 234\\nParties, Political 211-246\\nPasko, Wesley W.\\n458\\nPattee, John C\\n395,491,492\\nPatterson, Rev. G. W.\\n472\\nPaul, James\\n54\\nPayne, Josiah\\n337\\nPeabody, Alice\\n494\\nPeabody, F. D\\n.525\\nPeabody, Frank\\n340, 494\\nPeabody, Joseph\\n191\\nPeabody, Luella E.\\n494, 495\\nPearson, Isaac\\n383\\nPearson, Joseph, Jr.\\n191\\nPearson, Samuel A. 131, 167, 191\\n194,\\n256,\\n257 333 383- 407, 416, 463\\nPearson, William\\n436\\nPeaslee, Sydney H.\\n559\\nPeavy, George S.\\n505\\nPeavy, Ida M.\\n505\\nPeavy, J. S.\\n414, 459. 460, 504, 505\\nPeck, William\\n436, 437\\nPerkins, Adeline\\n435\\nPerkins, Apollos\\n225, 366, 452, 453, 527\\nPerkins, Daniel\\n122,435,553\\nPerkins, David\\n397\\nPerkins, Elmira\\n192\\nPerkins, F. H\\n499 558\\nPerkins, George W.\\n131.\\n194.\\n267, 334, 37I 539 546, 548", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0718.jp2"}, "718": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n633\\nPerkins, James\\nPerkins, Jefferson\\nPerkins, John\\nPerkins, J. R.\\nPerkins, Manasah\\nPerkins, Paul\\nPerkins, Sumner\\nPerkins, W. C.\\nPerry, Caroline\\nPerry, Rev. Clark\\nPerry, Rev. David\\nPetition for New County\\nPetition on Making of Roads\\nPettingill, Erastus\\nPeverly, Joseph\\nPeverly, Thomas\\nPhelps, C. D.\\nPhelps, Eleazer\\nPhelps, Lavina\\nPhelps, Samuel\\nPhilbrook, Greenleaf C\\nPhilbrook, Henry\\nPhilbrook, Jabez D.\\nPhilbrook, Samuel\\nPhilbrook, Walter\\nPhillips, Jennie\\nPhillips, Martha\\nPhillips, Theodore\\nPhipps, J. S.\\nPhysicians, The\\nPierce, Ashvel\\nPierce, Elizabeth S.\\nPike, Col. James\\nPike, W. W.\\nPinkham, Daniel\\nPinkham, Daniel C.\\nPinkham, Mary\\nPixley, Orange\\nPlaisted, Charles\\nPlaisted, Harris M.\\nPlaisted, Leland H\\nPlaisted, Samuel\\nPoets of Lancaster\\nPolitical History of the Town\\nPollard, Perry W.\\nPoor, Peter\\nPorter, Abel\\n336\\n337\\n398,\\n399\\n417.\\n130.\\nT22, 190,\\n131. 134,\\n558,\\n418,\\n429,\\n57\\n82, 83,\\n82,\\n423, 433^\\n131, 192, 436,\\n90, 131\\n59, 90, 10 1\\n420,\\n233.\\n444,\\n235, 2\\n523. 5\\n476.\\n377,\\n458, 490,\\n418,\\n36, 536,\\n246-\\n21 1-\\n24, 527,\\n553\\n554\\n554\\n492\\n492\\n558\\n559\\n492\\n419\\n429\\n442\\n49\\n59\\n437\\n215\\n193\\n459\\n181\\n423\\n483\\n548\\n191\\n547\\n373\\n191\\n502\\n427\\n122\\n492\\n-480\\n525\\n502\\n438\\n492\\n122\\n534\\n419\\n122\\n541\\n555\\n457\\n180\\n-254\\n-246\\n528\\n82\\n375", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0719.jp2"}, "719": {"fulltext": "634\\nINDEX.\\nPorter, Edna\\nPorter, Emily\\nPorter, E. W.\\nPorter, Henry H.\\nPorter, Horace R.\\nPorter, Lewis C.\\nPorter, Loring B.\\nPorter, Mary\\nPorter, R. H.\\nPorter, Warren 131, 191, 334\\nPorter, W. R.\\nPostmasters of the Town\\nPost-offices\\nPost Riders, Early\\nPotash\\nPotter, Benoni\\nPound Keepers, The\\nPounds, The Town\\nPowers, Capt. Peter\\nPowers, James\\nPowers, Jonas\\nPowers, R.\\nPowers, Thomas\\nPratt, Alfred C.\\nPratt, Levi\\nPraught, P.\\nPreceptors of Lancaster Academy\\nPresidential Electors from Lancaster\\nPresidents of State Senate from Lancaster\\nPrices of Produce at Various Periods\\nPrince, W. H. N.\\nProhibition Herald\\nProprietors, First Meetings of\\nProtestant Episcopal Church, The\\nProspect Farm\\nProuty, Caleb\\nPublic Buildings\\nPurington, William\\nPurtle, Michael\\nPuryea, John\\nPutnam, Mary\\nPutnam, Roswell\\nPutnam, William C.\\nQuakers in Lancaster\\nOuimby, Ivan W.\\nOuimby, Moses\\n338\\n401\\n335\\n453\\n375,\\n459,\\n525,\\n392,\\n418,\\n336, 494,\\n336,\\n267, 323,\\n526, 542, 593,\\n523^\\n118,\\n128-\\n27, 528,\\n56, 542-\\n254,\\n25-126,\\n336,\\n427\\n476\\n419\\n530\\n53\u00c2\u00b0\\n366\\n594\\n494\\n394\\n593\\n374\\n-543\\n258\\n256\\n369\\n122\\n1 1 1\\n1 1 1\\n2\\n554\\n542\\n525\\n559\\n122, 553\\n498\\n420-421\\n531-532\\n533\\n9 143. hl^\\n490\\n459\\n39\\n85. 451-452\\n14\\n122\\n334\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0hn\\n498\\n557\\n192\\n436\\n559,340\\n452\\n490, 491, 493, 530\\nn", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0720.jp2"}, "720": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n635\\nRafferty, Frank, Jr.\\nRailroads\\nRaisings, in Early Times\\nRangers, Rogers\\nRanlet, Levi F.\\nRathbone, Albert\\nRay, Edward\\nRay, Martin\\nRay, Hon. Ossian\\nReadfield, Anthony C.\\nReading Rooms, The\\nRebekah Lodge, No. 56\\nRecords, Proprietors, Lost\\nRecruiting Officers, during War of\\nReed, Joseph C.\\nReed, Josiah\\nReed, Mark\\nRegister of Deeds\\nRegister of Probate\\nRemick, Alfred E.\\nRemick, D. R.\\nRenold, Jacob\\nReporter of Supreme Court\\nRepresentatives in General Court\\nReptiles, The\\nRevolutionary War, The Period of\\nRhodes, Eldad A.\\nRhodes, Fenner M.\\nRhodes, Freedom M.\\nRhodes, William H.\\nRicard, Truman\\nRice, Rev. Geo. M.\\nRice, Silas\\nRich, Spaulding S.\\nRichardson, Rev. C. W\\nRichardson, Francis\\nRichardson, Fred E.\\nRichardson, Henry\\nRichardson, H. R.\\nRichardson, N. H.\\nRichardson, Gen. R. M\\nRichardson, Will A.\\nRichey, Frank E.\\nRichey, W. K.\\nRindge, Isaac\\nRines, P.\\n236, 237, 241\\n444, 471. 53ii\\nRebellion\\n136-137, 141-142, 266\\n204-\\n527-\\n242, 272, 323, 336, 390, 394,\\n532, 535 536, 545, 555 566,\\n521-\\n496\\n40\\n334\\n143\\n2,Z7^\\n336,\\n371,\\n69\\n430,\\n374,\\n536-\\n288-\\n88, 187,\\n558,\\n335\\n25, 538,\\n443, 445^\\n337,\\n499.\\n374.\\n433, 524-\\n204,\\n559\\n-278\\n-206\\n15\\n548\\n122\\n460\\n122\\n395\\n594\\n122\\n-522\\n-497\\n21\\n145\\n337\\n121\\n55\u00c2\u00bb\\n535\\n534\\n505\\n496\\n558\\n533\\n-537\\n-289\\n561\\n499\\n541\\n555\\n336\\n420\\n447\\n40\\n559\\n429\\n515\\n374\\n505\\n555\\n530\\n323\\n515\\n497\\n515\\n30\\n49", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0721.jp2"}, "721": {"fulltext": "62,6\\nINDEX.\\nRines, Samuel\\nRines, Webster M.\\nRix, Hon. James M.\\nRoads\\nRoberts, Burleigh\\nRoberts, Emma F.\\nRobertson, Mary\\nRobertson, Robert H.\\nRobinson, Albro L.\\nRobinson, George\\nRobinson, Increase\\nRobinson, Jedediah\\nRoby, Abbie L.\\nRoby, Charles W.\\nRoby, Clara A.\\nRoby, Ephraim C.\\nRoby, John S.\\nRoby, Joseph\\nRoby, Joseph, Jr.\\nRogers, Abram\\nRogers, Charles E.\\nRogers, Dr. Geo. O.\\nRogers, Isaac L.\\nRogers, John\\nRogers, Robert\\nRoot, C. A.\\nRosebrook, A. J.\\nRosebrook, Ariel\\nRosebrook, Charles\\nRosebrook, Eleazer\\nRosebrook, Irena\\nRosebrook, James\\nRosebrook, Jonathan\\nRosebrook, John\\nRosebrook, John, Jr.\\nRosebrook, Lillian\\nRosebrook, Louisa T.\\nRosebrook, Lucius M.\\nRosebrook, Lydia\\nRosebrook, Polly\\nRosebrook, Sarah\\nRosebrook, Uriel\\nRosebrook, William\\nRosebrook House\\nRoss, James\\nKound, Hiram J.\\ni3i 335. 336, 355, 375- 383. 389.\\n335. 32,( 375. 383. 389. 524,\\n226, 229, 231, 232, 234, 368,\\n454. 455. 513. 532, 533. 534,\\n38, 40, 53-69\\n394. 395.\\n494.\\n233.\\n234.\\n385.\\n444,\\n528,\\n479. 490. 5\\n534. 545.\\n557.\\n490, 491,\\n535.\\n267,\\n62,\\n20,\\n4. 5\\n59.\\n77, 99.\\n59 423.\\n90. 397.\\n51.\\n)35.\\n528\\n528\\n407\\n536\\n,96\\n534\\n495\\n191\\n1 22\\n559\\n560\\n335\\n122\\n494\\n386\\n494\\n494\\n539\\n385\\n459\\n122\\n558\\n594\\n421\\n40\\nIS\\n525\\n340\\n131\\n333\\n553\\n190\\n553\\n190\\n540\\n59\\n497\\n505\\n528\\n423\\n190\\n423\\n540\\n537\\n333\\n559\\n559", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0722.jp2"}, "722": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n^17\\n335\\nRounds, Harrison E.\\nRounds, Samuel\\nRowe, Elihu T.\\nRowell, Amos F.\\nRowell, Dr. Charles E\\nRowell, Charles H.\\nRowell, D. E.\\nRowell, Emily\\nRowell, Geo. P.\\nRowell, James M.\\nRowell, Levi W.\\nRowell, Martha A.\\nRowell, Nellie\\nRowell, Samuel\\nRowell, William\\nRowell, William L. 32\\nRowell, William L., ]x\\nRussell, Robinson Y.\\nRyan, Thomas\\nSamp\\nSampson, Mary\\nSampson, Williani\\nSanborn, Abram\\nSanborn, Edmund\\nSanborn, Rev. Jacob\\nSanborn, John\\nSanborn, Richard\\nSanderson, Henry H.\\nSanderson, Israel\\nSanford, John\\nSargent, John\\nSash, Door, and Blind Factories\\nSaunders, Elizabeth\\nSaunders, John\\nSavage, Ann I.\\nSavage, Cyrus\\nSavage, Edward\\nSavage, Franklin\\nSavage, Hiram\\nSavage, Jason W.\\nSavage, John\\nSavage, John W.\\nSavage, Seth\\nSawyer, Benjamin\\nSawyer, Dies\\n339\\n487\\n490\\n233.\\n493.\\n499\\n525.\\n558\\n267\\n420\\n339, 459, 460, 497\\n458, 479\\n45S\\n340, 488, 491\\n521\\n14, 401, 459, 521\\n336, 535\\n457. 458\\n493, 494\\n458\\n406\\n262, 335, 337\\n530. 531. 559. 594\\n458\\n496\\n24\\n509\\n267, 365\\n122, 553\\n122, 553\\n436\\nI go\\n421\\n558\\n22, 553\\n122\\n384-\\n493. 494,\\n325.\\n239, 337. 369, 394, 482, 490,\\n492, 493. 494. 537. 539. 563.\\n541,\\n541,\\n338. 388, 406,\\n428, 536, 541, 542, 548, 549,\\nZ^l, 318,\\n549\\n-385\\n423\\n40\\n495\\n558\\n491\\n593\\n513\\n594\\n594\\n486\\n411\\n593\\n557\\nn", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0723.jp2"}, "723": {"fulltext": "638\\nINDEX.\\nSawyer, Dill\\nSawyer, Edmund\\nSawyer, F. A.\\nSawyer, John\\nSawyer, Josiah\\nSawyer, Nancy D. M.\\nSawyer, Robert\\nSawyer s Rock\\nScarlet Fever\\nSchools\\nSchool Commissioners\\nSchool Tax List, 1797-1\\nScott, Dr. Nath. H.\\nScott, Nathan W.\\nScott, Rev. Orange\\nScribner, E. W.\\nSedgell, Charles L.\\nSelectmen of Lancaster\\nSenators, State\\nSenators, U. S.\\nSewers\\nShackford, Robert C.\\nShannon, William H.\\nShattuck, Ephraim\\nShattuck, Silas\\nShattuck, Thomas\\nShaw, F. E.\\nSheafe, John L.\\nSheperd, Nathaniel\\nSherbon, Catherine\\nSherburne, W. C.\\nSheridan, Thomas C.\\nSheridan, Thomas H.\\nSheriffs, Deputy\\nSheriffs, High\\nSherman, Walter\\nSherwood, Charles\\nSherwood, Jason\\nSherwood, W. C.\\nSherwood, William\\nShirland, George\\nShirley, John\\nShoemakers\\nShores, Peter N.\\nShurtleff Merrill\\nShurtleflf, Hon. William H.\\nSimmons, Stephen\\n16:\\n235\\n258\\n267,\\n46,\\n335:\\n165,\\n371.\\n169,\\n444,\\n402,\\n426,\\n406, 4\\n436, 5\\n418\\n28, 54\\n90, 338\\n08,\\n39\\n62\\n59\\n372\\n339. 476.\\n339. 475, 476,\\n82\\n419\\n121\\n40\\n483\\n445\\n550\\n318\\n264\\n416\\n535\\n46\\n336\\n436\\n547\\n395\\n340\\n-542\\n532\\n531\\n-164\\n192\\n337\\n40\\n40\\n40\\n458\\n463\\n423\\n190\\n372\\n542\\n388\\n537\\n535\\n510\\n560\\n560\\n340\\n559\\n122\\n122\\nZ72\\n337\\n522\\n535\\n556", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0724.jp2"}, "724": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n639\\nSimonds, Arthur\\nSimonds, Solon L\\nSims, John F.\\nSlade, Mary B. C.\\nSleeper, Alva B.\\nSleeper, Charles\\nSleeper, Ellen M.\\nSmall, Horatio N.\\nSmall, Patrick\\nSmall, Peter\\nSmall Pox\\nSmith, Allen\\nSmith, Carrie M.\\nSmith, Charles\\nSmith, Charles H\\nSmith, Charles W\\nSmith, Cyril C.\\nSmith, D. G.\\nSmith, D. J.\\nSmith, Elizabeth\\nSmith, Emmons S\\nSmith, Ephraim\\nSmith, Ernest E\\nSmith, Eudora\\nSmith, Fielding\\nSmith, Frank\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nSm\\nFrank B.\\nGeorge M\\nGeorge P.\\nGideon\\nHannah\\nHattie B.\\nHezekiah\\nHezekiah M\\nH. VV.\\nJ-\\nJ. A.\\nJacob\\nJames G.\\nJob\\nJohn\\nJohn H.\\nJohn M.\\nJohn W.\\nJonathan\\nJoseph\\n204\\n267\\n335\\n378,\\n394\\n499.\\n247, 566,\\n505.\\n390.\\n244,\\n260-\\n436, 437. 486, 553,\\n494.\\n337.\\n458,486, 529, 530,\\n62, 335,\\n337.\\n338.\\n402, 491,497, 530, 531, 534, 541,\\n242, 243, 245, 276, 335, 337, 338, 339, 383, 385,\\n390, 401, 444, 525, 526, 529, 530, 537, 542, 555,\\n435.\\n456.\\n234\\n,258\\n336\\n367,\\n375\\n389.\\n454.\\n494.\\n458, 489. 5\\n28,\\n436, 437.\\n337, 340,\\n421,\\n490, 491,\\n497\\n552\\n560\\n592\\n556\\n496\\n505\\n555\\n537\\n340\\n-261\\n593\\n501\\n439\\n438\\n535\\n559\\n337\\n438\\n427\\n439\\n337\\n490\\n494\\n543\\n386\\n593\\n337\\n594\\n458\\n131\\n192\\n495\\n192\\n547\\n496\\n498\\n542\\n512\\n436\\n122\\n541\\n491\\n550\\n559\\n458\\n492", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0725.jp2"}, "725": {"fulltext": "640\\nINDEX.\\nSmith, Josiah\\n131.372\\nSmith, Mary\\n335\\nSmith, Matthew\\n244, 537\\nSmith, M. D. L. F.\\n550\\nSmith, Nathaniel\\n40\\nSmith, Orange\\n335. 373\\nSmith, Sally\\n190\\nSmith, Vernon E.\\n335. 337. 338\\nSmith, William\\n.121\\nSmith, William F.\\n236, 536, 541, 594\\nSmith, William H.\\n156, 232, 418, 419, 533\\nSmugglers, in Early Times\\n120\\nSnell, Alfred Titus\\n555\\nSocial Life, in Early Times\\n130, 132-134\\nSoldiers of Laricaster\\n543-563\\nSomers, Rev. A. N.\\n339, 416, 440, 448\\nSouthworth, Luther\\n122\\nSparks, Nelson\\n258,371,488.491,594\\nSpaulding, Daniel\\n82, 93, 262\\nSpaulding, Douglas\\n411, 564, 593\\nSpaulding, Edward\\n59, 93, 191, 194, 236, 290, 313, 401\\n414,\\n420, 427, 444, 536, 541, 542, 574, 594\\nSpaulding, Edward B.\\n540\\nSpaulding, Edward C.\\n94. 393. 444\\nSpaulding, Edward, Jr.\\n236\\nSpaulding, Edward, Sr.\\n93-94\\nSpaulding, Eliza M.\\n.495\\nSpaulding, Eliza Turner\\n470\\nSpaulding, Eliza W.\\n94. 192\\nSpaulding, Fred B.\\n298, 421, 525\\nSpaulding, Horace\\n594\\nSpaulding, James\\n550\\nSpaulding, James B.\\n94, 444\\nSpaulding, John Hubbard\\n94, 137, 228, 374, 414, 418, 419, 444\\nSpaulding, John W.\\n94, 192, 238, 239, 258, 366\\n367,385,386, 537,542, 594\\nSpaulding, Justin\\n437\\nSpaulding, Kate\\n497\\nSpaulding, Martha B.\\n94\\nSpaulding, N. S.\\n436\\nSpaulding, Russell H.\\n436, 437\\nSpaulding, Samuel F.\\n235, 436, 444\\nSpaulding, Sarah A.\\n445\\nSpaulding, William C.\\n401, 593\\nSpaulding, William D.\\n94\\n192, 234, 267, 269, 444, 445, 447, 541\\nSpencer, Elihu\\n122\\nSperry, Jacob\\n122", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0726.jp2"}, "726": {"fulltext": "INDEX,\\n641\\nSpiritualism in Lancaster\\nSpofford, Rev. Luke A.\\nSpooner, Dr. Frank\\nSpooner, Lucy\\nSpringer, Eunice\\nSpringer, John\\nSpringer, Jonathan\\nSpringer, Nancy\\nSpringer, Samuel, Jr.\\nStackpole, Samuel\\nStalbird, George H.\\nStalbird, Granny\\nStalbird, Harriet E.\\nStalbird, John\\nStalbird, Loren E.\\nStalbird, Leroy S.\\nStalbird, Sally B.\\nStalbird, VV. H. H.\\nStanley, Benjamin\\nStanley, Betsey\\nStanley, Cynthia\\nStanley, Lieut. Dennis\\nStanley, James B.\\nStanley, Sarah\\nStanley, William\\nStaples, Joseph\\nStarch Mills\\nStark, Gen. John\\nStark, William\\nState Commissioners\\nState Senators\\nStearns, Ephraim\\nStebbins, Amanda\\nStebbins, Charles D.\\nStebbins, Chester\\nStebbins, Daniel\\nStebbins, Electa\\nStebbins, J. A.\\nStebbins, Levi\\nStebbins, Louisa\\nStebbins, Sophronia\\nSteele, Edward A.\\nStephens, Benjamin C.\\nStephens, Joshua\\nStephenson, Bryant O.\\nStephenson, Lieut. Benj\\n333\\n339.\\n479\\n488,\\n139-\\n490, 491, 492, 494,\\n494,\\n131.\\n92, 194\\n191\\n57, 59, 62, 83, 87, 96, 193, 197,\\n312,325, 372,422,434, 540,552,\\n122,\\n131 262,\\n387-\\nI1 2, 17,\\n94, 444,\\n192, 413, 427,\\n2^8,\\n129, 194,\\n121, 131, 192, 392,\\n527, 528, 537, 540, 553,\\n140\\n426\\n495\\n495\\n193\\n190\\n190\\n190\\n180\\n122\\n505\\n477\\n445\\n427\\n558\\n538\\n427\\n559\\n548\\n508\\n407\\n262\\n553\\n553\\n423\\n548\\n560\\n-389\\nI\\n534\\n532\\n40\\n427\\n593\\n335\\n593\\n192\\n337\\n181\\n427\\n192\\n543\\n192\\n122\\n538\\n523\\n569", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0727.jp2"}, "727": {"fulltext": "642\\nINDEX.\\nStephenson, Briant\\nStephenson, Uebby\\nStephenson, Eliza\\nStephenson, John G.\\nStephenson, Lucitanus\\nStephenson, Oliver G.\\nStephenson, Reuben\\nStephenson, Richard\\nStephenson, Hon. Turner\\nStevens, Benjamin C.\\nStevens, CO.\\nStevens, Enos\\nStevens, George E.\\nStevens, George iVl.\\nStevens, Lieut. James\\nStevens, James O.\\nStevens, J. H.\\nStevens, John W.\\nStevens, Capt. Phineas\\nStevens, Reuben\\nStewart, Charles J\\nStewart, E. R.\\nStickney, David\\nStickney, G. M.\\nStickney, Jacob\\nStickney, Dr. Jacob E.\\nStickney, Nathaniel G.\\nStickney, Mary S. H.\\nStiles, Betsey\\nStillings, Alonzo\\nStillings, Lyman\\nStinson, David\\nStocking, Dr.\\nStockwell, Betsey\\nStockwell, Charlotte\\nStockwell, David\\nStockwell, Dolly\\nStockwell, E. D.\\nStockwell, Dr. E. F.\\nStockwell, Lieut. Emmons\\nStockwell, Emmons, 2d\\n536\\n131\\n509.\\n385\\n413\\n267, 406, 407,\\n418,\\n418, 419, 504, 537,\\n131, 167, 191 260, 267,\\n370, 383, 416, 528, 534, 537,\\n234, 267, 334, 33S 3S5 392,\\n523, 527, 528, 534, 539, 545,\\n477,\\n479.\\n339,\\n394,\\n486,\\n402,\\n395 535,\\n7,\\n92, I\\n536, 547, 593\\n94\\n28,\\n59, 436,\\n539\\n192\\n509\\n419\\n267\\n538\\n334\\n540\\n406\\n464\\n593\\n209\\n492\\n219\\n497\\n538\\n339\\n437\\n556-\\n3\\n122\\n463\\n340\\n436\\n339\\n131\\n550-\\n337\\n427\\n191\\n337\\n457\\nI\\n480\\n28\\n189\\n571\\n593\\n339, 416, 479, 49S\\n5, 6, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 34\\n38, 39, 42, 44, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 62, 77, 82\\n84, 85, 99, 107, 113, 131, 177, 181, 193\\n195, 209, 272, 282, 325, 329, 358, 381, 3S2\\n410, 421, 422, 538, 539, 540, 552, 568, 571\\n28, 383, 564, 571, 593.", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0728.jp2"}, "728": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n643\\nStockwell, Ephraim\\nStockwell, George S.\\nStockwell House, The\\nStockwell, John\\nStockwell, Liberty-\\nStock well, Mary\\nStockwell, Phebe\\nStockwell, Polly\\nStockwell, Ruth\\nStockwell, Ruth Page\\nStockwell, Sally\\nStockwell, Samuel\\nStockwell, William\\nStockwell, William R.\\nStodard, David\\nStone, Abner\\nStone, Charles F.\\nStone, Frederick M.\\nStone, George F.\\nStone, Hosea\\nStone, James\\nStone, Reuben\\nStonington, Conflicts with the Town of\\nStores\\nStowell, Joseph\\nStowell, M. E.\\nStratton, A. E.\\nStratton, Daniel\\nStraw, John\\nStreeter, Fred W.\\nStreeter, Joseph\\nStreets\\nStreets, Lighting of\\nStuart, Bernice\\nStuart, Charles J.\\nStuart, Edward\\nStuart, Helen A.\\nSules, Oliver\\nSullivan, Rev. D. Alex\\nSullivan, Edmund\\nSullivan, Thomas\\nSummers, Lewis P.\\nSumner, Rev. Charles E\\nSumner, J. B.\\nSutton, G.\\nSutton, John G.\\nSwain, John C.\\n233\\n28, 131, 191, 383, 564, 571, 593\\n239, 240, 420, 505, 537, 538, 594\\n332\\n28, 131, 436, 571\\n28, 383\\n28\\n28\\n27, 28, 189\\n28, 165, 193\\n402, 423, 572\\n27, 92, 189\\n28\\n28, 418, 419\\n234, 245, 398, 537, 541, 542, 593\\n333, 335. 33^\\nI\\n34,\\n320\\n151, 15^\\n131,\\n494,\\n339, 476,\\n340,\\n336,\\n191\\n554\\n181\\n550\\n558\\n427\\n40\\n28\\n338\\n40\\n505\\n378\\n122\\n131\\n525\\n497\\n-322\\n-159\\n337\\n545\\n337\\n495\\n558\\n450\\n498\\n525\\n559\\n432\\n393\\n499\\n557\\n122", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0729.jp2"}, "729": {"fulltext": "644\\nINDEX.\\nSwan, Polly\\nSweeney, Barnard\\nSweeney, Edward\\nSweet, Hartford\\nSweet, John\\n:Sweetser, A. H.\\n-Sweetser, Emma H.\\nSvveetser, Thomas\\nTailors\\nTanners\\nTaverns\\nChessman\\nWhite s\\nWilson\\nTaxes\\nTaylor, B. A.\\nTaylor, David\\nTaylor, Holloway\\nTaylor, James\\nTaylor, Rachel\\nTaylor, Submit\\nTelegraph, The\\nTelephone, The\\nTemperance House, Th\\nTemperance Organizatii\\nTenney, Hon. A. W.\\nTenry, George\\nThatcher, Rev. R. P. E.\\nThayer, C. H.\\nThayer, Thomas S.\\nThomas, Frank Foster\\nThomas, Fred\\nThomas, Lucien F.\\nThomas, Martha\\nThompson, Abner\\nThompson, Alexander\\nThompson, Charles\\nThompson, Daniel\\nThompson, Joseph\\nThompson, Joseph M.\\nThompson, Rev. Lathrop\\nThompson, Mabel C.\\nThompson Manufacturing Company\\nThompson, Martha J.\\nThompson, W. A.\\nThompson, Dr. W. H\\n43\\n337\\n191\\n325\\n558\\n2 7l^^ 385. 529\\n554\\n499\\n501\\n499, 300, 543, 556\\n334.\\n333 335. 514.\\n,46.\\n389.\\n103-\\n104,\\n557\\n191\\n190\\n150\\n150\\n516\\n207-211, 502, 503, 504\\n421\\n558\\n447\\n492\\n556\\n458\\n497\\n558\\n191\\n494\\n490\\n338\\n389, 490, 529\\n557\\n444\\n421\\n494\\n389-391\\n493\\n505\\n0, 489, 495, 496, 499\\n05\\n371\\n372\\n515\\n515\\n515\\n514\\n-1 10\\n395\\n554\\n490. 493.\\n390, 391, 489,", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0730.jp2"}, "730": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n645\\nThornton, Matthew\\nTillotson, John M.\\nTilton, Rev. Geo. H.\\nTimberlake, D. T.\\nTirrell, Phillip S.\\nTithingmen\\nTobacco Culture\\nTolford, John\\nTolford, Lieut. Joshua\\nTolford s Survey\\nTomson, Rev. Lathrop\\nToscan, John\\nTovvne, Barton G.\\nTown Clerks\\nTown, Dr. Francis L.\\nTown Lots\\nTransition Period, A\\nTread well, Jacob\\nTruland, Daniel\\nTruland, James\\nTruland, James W.\\nTrussell, Jacob\\nTubbs, George\\nTubbs, Orrin\\nTurner, Deborah\\nTurnpikes\\nTuttle, N.\\nTwitchell, Abiathar\\nTwitchell, A. S.\\nTwitchell, F. H.\\nTwitchell, Frank\\nTwitchell, Hiram\\nTwitchell, O. M.\\nTwitchell, Zeb\\nTwombley, Benjamin, J\\nTwombley, Ebenezer\\nTwombley, Elijah D.\\nTwombley, Ella M.\\nTwombley, James\\nTwombley, Joseph\\nTwombley, Rebekah\\nTwombly, Alvah\\nTwombly, Dorcas\\nTwombly, Eliza\\nTwombly, Jonathan\\nTyphoid Fever, Epidemics of\\n32\\n371,\\n387, 485\\n283,\\n339.\\n421, 433\\n421\\n500, 556\\n492\\nSI\\n318\\n29, 32\\n29, 30\\n29\\n176\\nI 12,\\n209,\\n364, 406\\n478, 535.\\n541,\\n542, 594\\n539\\n479\\n535. 555\\n29, 36\\n1 14-140\\n32, 195\\n542\\n498\\n245. 537\\n122\\n336\\n336, 368\\n193\\nI lO-III\\n496\\n388\\n492\\n390\\n337\\n541\\n233\\n388, 499,\\n559.\\n560, 594\\n540\\n540, 553\\n513.\\n541, 548\\n338\\n191\\n190\\n191\\n436\\n192\\n192\\n63, 194\\n263", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0731.jp2"}, "731": {"fulltext": "646\\nINDEX.\\nUnderwood, George B.\\nUnderwood, T. S.\\nUnion School District\\nUnitarianism\\nUnitarian Church, The\\nUtley, Daniel\\nUphani, Benjamin\\nValentine, Richard H. C.\\nValuation of Town, The First\\nValuation of Town, The Last\\nVan Dyke, George\\nVan Dyke, Hon. Thomas H\\nVan Ness, S. W.\\nVanschork, Samuel\\nVeazie, William H.\\nVermont Controversy, The\\nVeteran Firemen s Association, Th\\nVillage, The\\nWade, Harvey\\nWagon Makers and Wheelwrights\\nWakefield, John H.\\nWakefield, Thomas L\\nWaldron, John\\nWales, Nathaniel\\nWales, Seth\\nWalker, Caleb\\nWalker, Franklin\\nWalker, Hazen C.\\nWalker, Lyman\\nWallace, Orrace\\nWar of 1812, Enlisted Men\\nWar, The Mexican\\nWar of the Rebellion\\nWar of the Revolution\\nWark, Dr. A. W.\\nWard, Artemas\\nWard, William\\nWarner, Daniel\\nWarren, George\\nWarren, Louis\\nWarren, Simon\\nWarren, William\\nWashburn, F. P.\\nWashburn. Josiah\\nWater Supply and System of Works\\n488, 489, 491, 497\\n335 337 338, 37^^ 390\\n414\\n184-185\\n430-440, 444\\n122\\n554\\n376, 383\\n104\\n395\\n245.\\n186-189,\\n526\\nI, 10, 123, 126-127, 5\u00c2\u00b0-\\n458\\n-105\\n161\\n402\\n277\\n340\\n12 2\\n558\\n562\\n-527\\n-151\\n554\\n376-377\\n420\\n420\\n190\\n483\\n72\\n547\\n558\\n385, 528\\n420\\n537\\n121 329\\n135\\n145-149\\n69-87\\n480\\n351. 456\\n560\\n32\\n122\\n560\\n122\\n593\\n492\\n122\\n156-158", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0732.jp2"}, "732": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nC47\\nWaters, Edmund M.\\n457\\nWatson, G. H.\\n594\\nWay, N. 0.\\n437\\nWay, Spofford A.\\n218\\nWeare, Meshech\\n32\\nWebb, Azariah\\n190, 483\\nWebb, Henry S.\\n401,\\n505.\\n525.\\n542, 594\\nWebster, George W.\\n594\\nWeed, David\\n192\\nWeed, Joseph\\n122\\nWeeks, Deborah\\n423\\nWeeks, Eliza\\n190\\nWeeks, James B.\\n191.\\n314.\\n412.\\n444. 508\\nWeeks, Judge James W\\n35.\\n137.\\n234,\\n240,\\n269,\\n288,\\n289,\\n315.\\n316, 323\\n326\\n340\\n377.\\n388,\\n393.\\n394.\\n401,\\n407.\\n412, 413\\n420\\n434\\n444.\\n445.\\n509.\\n528,\\n534.\\n549.\\n535.\\n550,\\n538, 541\\n551. 593\\nWeeks, John 59\\n62,\\n90, 9\\nI. 99\\n100,\\n114,\\n137,\\n177.\\n193.\\n197.\\n198, 203\\nIT-\\n2. 403\\n414\\n422\\n483.\\n533.\\n538,\\n540,\\n550.\\n551.\\n552, 553\\nAVeeks, Major John W.\\n94,\\n121,\\n131.\\n138,\\n165,\\n167,\\n91.\\n192,\\n221,\\n222, 224,\\n22t:\\n5, 22g\\n260\\n262\\n283,\\n291,\\n312,\\n358,\\n383.\\n403.\\n416, 454\\n50\\n5. 513\\n531\\n532\\n534,\\n535.\\n538,\\n540,\\n553.\\n562,\\n569, 578\\nWeeks, J. W., Jr.\\n401\\nWeeks, Rev. Joshua W\\nngate\\n32\\nWeeks, Martha\\n94. 193\\nWeeks, Mary W.\\n191\\nWeeks, M. Eliza\\n445\\nWeeks, Persis F.\\n427, 445\\nWeeks, Hon. WilHam E\\n228,\\n323.\\n534.\\n327.\\n536,\\n388,\\n541,\\n400,\\n548,\\n40 1 444\\n549. 594\\nWeeks House\\n333\\nWellington, Dr. S. B.\\n480\\nWelHngton, Samuel L.\\n500\\nWells, E.\\n436, 437\\nWells, Col. John S.\\n225,\\n226,\\n227.\\n234,\\n235.\\n267,\\n454. 465\\n527,\\n528,\\n533.\\n535.\\n536,\\n545. 549\\nWent worth. Benjamin\\n191, 436\\nWentworth, Gov. Benni\\nng\\nI,\\n7.8,\\n18,\\n19, 22, 29, 34, 186\\nWentworth, Francis H.\\n594\\nWentworth, Fred A.\\n325. 557\\nWentworth, Gov. John\\n-9. 30. 31\\nWentworth, Joseph\\n436\\nWentworth, Samuel\\n194, 372\\nWentworth, Samuel S.\\n553\\nWentworth, Shackford\\n192, 436\\nWentworth, Tamson\\n191\\nWentworth, Thomas\\n559", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0733.jp2"}, "733": {"fulltext": "648\\nINDEX.\\nWentworth, William G.\\n515\\nWesson, Abel H.\\n335. 559\\nWesson, Asa\\n67, 194, 267\\nWest, Presbury\\n258, 429\\nWest, Presbury, Jr.\\n269\\nWeston, Rev. Isaac\\n430. 443\\nWheeler, George\\n19, 22, 38, 539\\nWheeler, Jere\\n122\\nWheelock, Rev. Haskell\\n436, 547\\nWheelock, Rev. James R.\\n425, 441, 547\\nWheelock, Rev. John\\n108\\nWheelwright, Nathaniel\\n39\\nWhidden, Ann L.\\n407, 427\\nWhidden, Judge Benjamin F.\\n230, 233, 234, 236, 262, 327, 336, 385\\n393. 398. 399. 409. 420, 444. 458, 469\\n532, 534. 535. 536, 538\\nWhidden, Eliza D. 445\\nWhidden, Mary N.\\n427\\nWhidden, Samuel L.\\n411,427\\nWhipp, CO.\\n492\\nWhipp, Lauren B.\\n155. 339. 492, 576\\nWhipple, Albert F.\\n145. 564\\nWhipple, Barney B.\\n122\\nWhipple, Belle\\n340\\nWhipple, John M.\\n137.\\n233. 234, 339. 444. 534. 536, 550\\nWhipple, Col. Joseph\\n48, 60, 75, 84, 96, 546, 561\\nWhitcomb, A. K.\\n421\\nWhitcomb, Maj. Benjamin\\n189\\nWhitcomb, Catherine J.\\n427\\nWhitcomb, Elmer\\n496\\nWhitcomb, Grace\\n494. 495\\nWhitcomb, Henry J.\\n549, 550, 593. 594\\nWhitcomb, Horace 131, 23^\\nU 267\\n335\\n337\\n378,\\n427.\\n430, 541, 549, 551, 593\\nWhitcomb, Horace F.\\n531, 593\\nWhitcomb, R. Baxter\\n337. 552\\nWhite, Allen\\n122\\nWhite, David\\n191\\nWhite, Ellen A.\\n247, 445\\nWhite, Ellen C.\\n445\\nWhite, Dr. Samuel\\n476\\nW/iite Mount ai7i Egis, The\\n225,\\n226, 366, 368, 453\\nWhite, Eunice (Aunt)\\n261\\nWhite, F.\\n335\\nWhite, Henry\\n192\\nWhite, Horace A.\\n555\\nWhite, James H.\\n323\\nWhite, Jeremiah\\n122", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0734.jp2"}, "734": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 649\\nWhite, John E 323\\nWhite, Hon. John H. 131, 227, 228, 230, 233, 234, 247, 267, 275, 358, 392\\n444, 454, 531, 532, 533, 535, 538, 540, 541, 546, 593\\nWhite, Moses 131, 552, 568\\nWhite, Moses H.\\n420\\nWhite, Nathaniel\\n63, i93 511. 540, 553\\nWhite, Nicholas\\n193\\nWhite, Noah\\n191\\nWhite, Polly\\n190\\nWhite, Samuel\\n131\\n191,\\n209, 323, 364, 370, 376, 515, 540, 548\\nWhite, Sarah\\n427\\nWhite, William A.\\n235. 39S, 399. 410, 444, 445, 541, 550\\nWhite Mountain Notch\\n22, 48, 55, 60, 318\\nWhitney, James\\n122\\nWhitney, Silas\\n121\\nWiiitney, Timothy\\n40\\nWhitney, V. V.\\n339 391. 492, 524, 531\\nWhiton, Thomas\\n122\\nWhittemore, Ji)hn Colebrook\\n398, 399\\nWhittemore, J. R.\\n226, 454, 455, 551\\nWhittier, Henry C.\\n563\\nWiggin, Andrew\\n32\\nWight, Aaion\\n558\\nWilcox, Lieut. Jeremiah\\n177. 319. 422, 540\\nWilder, Artemas\\n397, 483, 510, 511\\nWilder, Artemas, Jr.\\n190, 193, 2og\\nWilder, Edmund C.\\n427\\nWilder, Edward B.\\n325.559\\nWilder, Elisha\\n51, 52, 59, 90, 193, 423\\nWilder, Elizabeth\\n193. 423\\nWilder, Ephraim\\n427\\nWilder, Eunice\\n190\\nWilder, Oilman\\n427. 433. 593\\nWilder, James\\n87\\nWilder, John\\n194. 427\\nWilder, Maj. Jonas 34, 44, 56, 59, 62, 82, 83, 84, 95, 99, 107, 167, 177. 193\\n195, 209, 325, 329, 381, 421, 422, 423, 514, 538, 539, 540, 570\\nWilder, Jonas, Jr. 48, 422\\nWilder, Joseph\\n59, 90, 99, 423, 433, 540\\nWilder, Joseph H.\\n559\\nWilder, Lucy\\n190\\nWilder, Manassah\\n190, 194\\nWilder, Mehitabel\\n193.423.427\\nWilder, Orange\\n413\\nWilder, Persis\\n95, 189, 462\\nWilder, Polly\\n423\\nWilder, Rhoda\\n427", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0735.jp2"}, "735": {"fulltext": "650\\nINDEX.\\nwiiKins,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009eaivin u.\\n557\\nWilkins,\\nElijah R.\\n43S\\nWilkins\\nJotham\\n122\\nWilkins,\\nWiUiam\\n557\\nWilkins\\nWilliam H.\\n558\\nWilkinson, John\\n122\\nWillard,\\nCalvin\\n513\\nWillard,\\nJonathan\\n3f\\n319\\n553\\nWillard,\\nJonathan W.\\nc\\n13,\\n546,\\n548\\nWillard,\\nJohn\\n192\\nWillard,\\nJohn Dwight\\n407\\nWillard,\\nJohn H.\\n537\\nWillard,\\nParson Joseph\\n21,35\\n44,\\n131,\\n178,\\n79\\n193\\n345\\n422,\\n423,\\n425, 440\\n553\\n572\\nWillard,\\nLevi\\n63, 67,\\n190,\\n383,\\n396, 397,\\n535\\n540\\nWillard,\\nLevi, Jr.\\n376\\nWillard,\\nMartha\\n191\\nWillard,\\nSophronia\\n192\\nWillard\\n5 Basin\\n318\\nWilley, Danforth\\n489\\nWilley, George\\n335\\nWilley,\\n3. R.\\n335\\nWilliams\\nCharles\\n557\\nWilliam*\\nF. W.\\n458\\nWilliams\\nGeorge\\n560\\nWilliams\\nCol. George C.\\n234. 235,\\n335,\\n336,.\\n593, 4\\n^7I,\\n489,\\n493\\n515, 528,\\n533,\\n534,\\n535,\\n36,\\n538,\\n545\\nWilliams\\nHenry\\n335\\nWilliams\\nCapt. Jared L\\n146,\\n241, 276,\\n324,\\n328,.\\n535. 2\\n39.\\n383,\\n385\\n389,\\n393. 394,\\n418,\\n419,\\n120, 4\\n50.\\n454,\\n473\\n489,\\n490, 492.\\n493,\\n495,\\n^99, 5\\nGO,\\n512,\\n521\\n424,\\n529. 537.\\n550.\\n551,\\n556, 5\\n64,\\n587.\\n593\\nWilliams\\nGov. Jared W.\\n131\\n167,\\n222, 223,\\n224,\\n226,\\n229,\\n67,\\n320,\\n335\\n359\\n,383\\n393. 416,\\n444,\\n454,\\n04, A\\n^92,\\n509,\\n512\\n531\\n532\\n533. 534.\\n535.\\n536,\\n538, 5\\n44,\\n545,\\n593\\nWilliams\\nHouse, The\\n516\\nWilliams\\nJohn M.\\n122\\nWilliams\\nMary H.\\n502\\nWilliams\\nSarah J.\\n521\\nWilliams\\nRev. Stephen\\n316\\nWilliams\\nSylvester P.\\n436,\\n437\\nWilliard,\\nJohn W.\\n377\\nWilloughby, C. E.\\n496\\nWillow Tree, The Old, Illust)\\nation\\nof an\\ni Poem on\\n248\\nWilson,\\nAbsalom\\n122\\nWilson,\\nAddle E.\\n494,\\n502\\nWilson,\\nArthur G.\\n3\\n39.\\n3\\n91,\\n499", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0736.jp2"}, "736": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n51\\nWilson, Benjamin\\n121\\nWilson, Caleb\\n193\\nWilson, Charles\\n56a\\nWilson, Edward\\n504\\nWilson, Elvira\\n192\\nWilson. Erdix T.\\n248,\\n337\\nWilson, Frances B.\\nI92\\nWilson, Dr. Francis\\nlOI,\\n131\\n176\\n190,\\n191.\\n193.\\n209,\\n267.\\n333\\n476,\\n564\\nWilson, George\\n453\\nWilson, George C.\\n56a\\nWilson, Hubbard\\n464\\nWilson, Gen. John\\n122\\n131\\n193,\\n203,\\n209,\\n220,\\n260,\\n267,\\n341,\\n345\\n366\\n370\\n392,\\n393\\n427,\\n429,\\n452,\\n492,\\n512,\\n514\\n523.\\n527.\\n528,\\n536,\\n545.\\n546,\\n553\\nWilson, John M.\\n491\\n492\\nWilson, John, 3d\\n547\\nWilson, Mary\\n192\\n193\\nWilson, Nathaniel\\n167,\\n420\\nWilson, Nicholas B.\\n335.\\n384\\nWilson, Polly\\n193\\nWilson, Solomon\\n40,\\n558\\nWilson, Stephen\\n?9, 92,\\n112\\n131\\n193.\\n194,\\n209,\\n215,\\n256,\\n330.\\n334.\\n364\\n397\\n406\\n,484\\n485\\n492,\\n514,\\n538\\n540\\n546\\n547\\n562\\nWilson, Stephen, Jr.\\n542\\nWilson, W. B.\\n525\\nWinch, Joseph\\n401\\nWinchester, C. M.\\n594\\nWitherell, James\\n122\\nWindus, Jacob\\n371\\nWolcott, George S.\\n337\\nWolcott, Joseph G.\\n558\\nWolcott, Rev. R. T.\\n440\\nWolcott, William\\n515\\nWood, Isaac\\n4\\nWoodbury, Dr. Mark R\\n336,\\n478,\\n545\\nWoods, Andrew\\n122\\nWoods, George A.\\n496\\nWoodward, Alice\\n494\\nWoodward, Edward\\n112\\nWoodward, Edward A.\\n491.\\n496,\\n505\\nWoodward, Erastus\\n547\\nWoodward, Ira E.\\n499.\\n53c^\\nWoodward, Jason H.\\n319.\\n385,\\n386,\\n394.\\n401\\nWoodward, J. S.\\n504.\\n505\\nWoodward, Moses\\n388,\\n393\\nWoodward, Nellie A.\\n505\\nWoodward, William\\n201", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0737.jp2"}, "737": {"fulltext": "6^2\\nlSDYX.\\nWoodward. Wuliam H.\\n4S5\\nWoo -5os. Sabin C.\\n3*^5\\nWo\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ar/ ChrL ^rian Temperance U- c The\\n;r:-;r3\\nWonra- s Relief Coras, The\\n5Ci-5r2\\nWorcicster. Thossas\\nS5\\nWcrthlT. Dr. Oscar\\n.i-S\\nWrUi:^ Si=cel\\n::r. -.-7\\nWrrnaa. W.\\n340.\\n499. 556\\nWT-sn. Mav M\\n501\\nWratt, John R\\n1^2\\nYoang. Cal^\\n3S4\\nYoannjr, Rev. C.\\n44S. ss-\\nYooi^. David\\n355\\n537- 559\\nYaang, Capt. Hairisoii De J\\n465, 499.\\n500. 555\\nYom^, Gen. Ira\\n464. 538.\\n545- 546\\nYoong. Mary\\n319\\nYoang. Richard Cms\\n465. 557\\n464\\nYoonj. Gen. J .A.\\n^64-465", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0738.jp2"}, "738": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0739.jp2"}, "739": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0740.jp2"}, "740": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0741.jp2"}, "741": {"fulltext": "^^J-\\niV\\nrO^\\nb\\n.y^ii^ c\\n-^i\\n^-i.\\nb Ct\\nv^^\\ncl\\n,-i", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0742.jp2"}, "742": {"fulltext": "V\\ns^\\n.00\\nV", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0743.jp2"}, "743": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n013 996 901 7\u00c2\u00ab", "height": "3420", "width": "2023", "jp2-path": "historyoflancast00somer_0744.jp2"}}