{"1": {"fulltext": "Sq\\nc", "height": "4910", "width": "2883", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4723", "width": "2866", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "9r\\nANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.\\nI stand for national progress, national development, and\\nnational growth.\\nSPEECH\\nOF\\nHON. WILLIAM SULZER,\\nOF NEW YORK,\\nIN THE\\nHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,\\nTuesday, June 14, 1898.\\n\\\\YASI-IIN GTO^\\n1898.", "height": "4723", "width": "2866", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "G8622", "height": "4740", "width": "2714", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "V\\nf\\nSPEECH\\nOF\\nHON. WILLIAM SULZER\\nThe House having: under consideration the joint resolution (H. Re3. 259) to\\nprovide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States-\\nMr. SULZER said:\\nMr. Speaker: Let mo say at the very beginning of my remarks\\nthat it is a matter of great personal regret to me that from sincere\\nconvictions I am compelled to differ on this momentous question\\nof the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands with some of my Demo-\\ncratic colleagues for whose judgment and opinions I have great\\nrespect. I had indulged the hope that on this question wo would\\nstand as a unit in favor of the policy of annexation.\\nAt the same time I desire to say that it is a matter of great per-\\nsonal gratification to me that at last the important question of\\nannexing the Sandwich Islands is before the House of Representa-\\ntives for final determination; that at last something is going to be\\ndone about this very important matter; that at last the people\\nwill be heard on this question through their representatives in\\nthis House.\\nThe question of the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands is on\u00c2\u00a9\\nin which I take a very deep interest, and I have given some study\\nand some thought to the matter. For many years I have been a\\nconsistent and an ardent advocate of the annexation of these\\nPacific islands. They should have been annexed long ago. There\\nis no good reason why they should not be annexed now. And I\\ncongratulate this House and the country upon the fact that they\\nsoon will be annexed, forever to remain under the American flag.\\nMr. Speaker I favor these resolutions and shall vote for them\\nwith all my heart, because I believe, after careful investigation,\\nthat the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to this country at\\n3478 3", "height": "4740", "width": "2714", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "this time is essential, both from a military and a commercial stand-\\npoint, to our supremacy on the Pacific Ocean. In my judgment,\\nthe Hawaiian Islands are the key to the Pacific and are, and of\\nright ought to be, a part of the sovereign territory of the United\\nStates. Their acquisition is absolutely necessary for the protec-\\ntion of our great Pacific coast line.\\nIn this respect they constitute the sentinel of the North Pacific,\\nand to us a Gibraltar indispensable for the protection of our Pacific\\ncoast. All our great naval and military authorities say this, and\\nthere can be no doubt about it in the opinion of airy person who\\nwill give the question investigation and due consideration. Our\\npossession of these islands will give us a strategical position in\\nthe Pacific that will always be an incomparable advantage in case\\nof trouble. It is well known that the Pacific is so wide that war\\nvessels can not cross it from any foreign naval station to our\\nshores without recoaling, and there is no place to recoal in all the\\nPacific but Hawaii. The exclusion of foreign countries from\\nHawaii will practically protect our Pacific coast from trans-Pacific\\nattack. And no less an authority than Captain Mahan has said\\nthat the possession of these islands by the United States is a mili-\\ntary necessity; that no greater navy would be needed for the de-\\nfense of our Pacific coast than would be required with the islands\\nunannexed, and with them annexed the advantage would be en-\\ntirely with us. This opinion is concurred in, I believe, by all\\nour naval and military authorities.\\nTo-day we are confronted with this situation: The people of\\nthe Hawaiian Islands through their duly elected officers petition\\nns for annexation. They have a little Republic away out there on\\nthe Pacific, and they believe they should become, and they want\\nto become, a part of the great Republic of the United States.\\nThey ask us to take them under the protection of the Stars and\\nStripes. They give us everything. Shall we accept the magnifi-\\ncent gift they offer or shall we refuse it? Looking at this question\\nfrom every standpoint, I say for one we should accept. Why\\nshould we hesitate? Why should we not welcome them to the\\nprotection of the great Republic?\\nIf we accept them, there is no nation on earth that can or will\\nobject. If we refuse to accept this paradise of the Pacific, then,\\n347S", "height": "4723", "width": "2866", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "in my judgment, we are morally precluded in the future from ob-\\njecting to any other power accepting them and annexing them.\\nWe should annex them now or never. We should annex them\\nnow or be manly enough to declare to all the world that we have\\nno interest in them and do not want them. We should not adopt\\nthe policy of the dog in the manger. I feel confident that if we\\nrefuse now to take them, that if we spurn their generous offer,\\nsome other nation will not be so blind to the many advantages of\\nthe situation; and if some other nation should annex them after\\nour refusal, the complications that would be sure to arise sooner\\nor later would no doubt lead to trouble.\\nWe should take them now when there will be no trouble. We\\nshould take them now while everything is propitious. We should\\ntake them now because we need them in our military operations\\nin the Pacific, and because we shall need them forever in the fu-\\nture for the protection of our coasts and our interests in the Pa-\\ncific.\\nA few moments ago I called your attention to the testimony of\\nCaptain Mahan, our greatest naval authority. Let me now cite\\nyou a great military authority. I refer to Gen. John M. Schofield.\\nHe has recently said over his own signature that for years he has\\nregarded the annexation of these islands for military and naval\\npurposes a public necessity, and he says that not to annex the\\nislands now, when we have the opportunity, would be a blunder\\nworse than a crime.\\nAll the military and naval authorities in this country are of the\\nsame opinion and have always been in accord on this subject. To\\nmy mind it seems apparent that we must accept these island as a\\nprotection, from a naval and military standpoint, to our Pacific\\ncoast. We must hold and govern them for our own preservation.\\nNo halfway measure will suffice. This Government must take\\nthese islands or else some other great nation will do it.\\nBesides the great advantages of these rich and beautiful islands\\nfrom a naval and military point of view, I favor their annexation\\nto this country because I believe the time is at hand when the\\ngreat and growing commercial interests of this country in the\\nOrient demand it. [Applause.]\\nWe are a great commercial country. Our commerce is grow-\\n3178", "height": "4723", "width": "2866", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "6\\ning, and must continue to grow, if we would be prosperous. I\\nwant to see -this country the greatest commercial nation on earth.\\nIf we are wise, if we take advantage of opportunity, I doubt not\\nwe soon shall be. I will always do all in my power to foster, to\\nbuild up, to develop, and to extend our commercial industries.\\nTo do otherwise would be shortsighted and unpatriotic. The\\ncommerce of a nation makes it rich and great. Asia and Africa\\nand the East Indies are being opened up and developed to-day, and\\nwe must look to the Orient and get our share of its trade and com-\\nmerce. We know to-day that we can not successfully compete\\nwith England, France, and Germany in the manufacture of many\\ngoods that are sold in Europe.\\nThey have the markets there, and they hold the markets there.\\nThey are great manufacturing countries, and they can manufac-\\nture materials just as cheap if not cheaper than we can. They\\npay, as a general thing, less wages than we do, and their work-\\nmen and artisans labor more hours a day. We, too, are a great\\nmanufacturing country. We must find a market for our surplus\\ngoods. What we can not sell in Europe we must find a market\\nfor in Central and South America, in Asia and Africa, in the East\\nIndies and the South Seas. Here is a new outlet and a great mar-\\nket. There is no doubt our merchants are aware of it and alive\\nto its great advantages and rich opportunities. On account of\\ntime, distance, and the cheapness of transportation, the advan-\\ntages are all with us for profitable trade and commerce in the Pa-\\ncific.\\nLet me say to the business men of America, Look to the land of\\nthe setting sun, look to the Pacific! There are teeming millions\\nthere who will ere long want to be fed and clothed the same as\\nwe are. There is the great market that the continental powers\\nare to-day struggling for. We must not be distanced in the race\\nfor the commerce of the world. In my judgment, during the next\\nhundred years the great volume of trade and commerce, so far as\\nthis country is concerned, will not be eastward, but will be west-\\nward; will not be across the Atlantic, but will be across the\\nbroad Pacific. The Hawaiian Islands will be the key that will\\nunlock to us the commerce of the Orient, and in a commercial\\nsense make us rich and prosperous.\\n3478", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "Mr. GAINES. Will the gentleman permit a question?\\nMr. SULZER. Certainly.\\nMr. GAINES. Does the gentleman say that this country can\\nnot compete with Europe in manufactures?\\nMr. SULZER. I say in the manufacturing of many things from\\nraw materials this country can not successfully compete with\\nEngland, France, and Germany in the trade and commerce of\\nEurope. There are many reasons for this, but I will only mention\\nthe difference in price of labor and transportation. These coun-\\ntries can manufacture and sell their goods cheaper in Europe than\\nwe can. The statistics, I think, will conclusively prove this; and\\nhence I say we must get our share of the trade in the Orient.\\nIf we do not, the balance of trade will each year be against ns.\\nIf we increase our trade in the Pacific, business will increase here,\\nnew and more industries will spring up and grow, the idle labor\\nof the land will find ready and remunerative employment, mora\\nmen will be employed, more and higher wages will be paid, and the\\nwhole country will be more prosperous. In the great struggle now\\ngoing on among the leading nations of the world for the markets\\nand the commerce of the millions beyond the Pacific we must take\\nthe lead; we must not lag behind. [Applause.] The Hawaiian Is-\\nlands are essential to our commercial supremacy in the Pacific. I\\nbelieve every far-seeing business man in this country who will\\ngive a little time and study to this question will concur in this\\nconclusion.\\nThe Hawaiian Islands are not alone of great strategic advantage\\nto us from a naval and military point of view in case of hostili-\\nties, but I believe they are of immense importance to us commer-\\ncially, and will become more and more so every year. For us to\\nrefuse to annex them now would, in my judgment, be a grave\\npolitical blunder, a mistake that might vex us sorely in the future;\\none that we may never be able to rectify without a terrible and\\ndevastating war.\\nIt has been said on this floor several times that if we annex\\nthese islands it will mean an increase in the Navy. Against that\\nbare assertion I place the testimony of the greatest naval and\\nmilitary authorities in the country. They all agree that the pos-\\nsession of these islands will not require an increase of the Navy.\\n3478", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "8\\nThey all say that with the expenditure of a small amount of\\nmoney comparatively these islands could be so fortified that the\\ncombined fleets of the world could not take them. That they\\nwould be a very bulwark of defense to us for the protection of\\nour Pacific coast in time of war, and that as a safe place of refuge\\nand of supplies for our merchant marine and our ships of war in\\ntimes of danger their value and position can not be overestimated.\\nBut, sir, even if the annexation of these islands required a larger\\nNavy, I would still cast my vote for annexation. I believe in the\\nNavy. Ever since I have been in Congress I have advocated and\\nvoted for all measures in the interest of the Navy. In my opin-\\nion, we want, and must have, a navy that will be large enough\\nto protect our shores at home and our citizens and our interests\\nin every foreign land. [Applause.] Who is there here to-day\\nwho will belittle our Navy? We are proud of it, proud of its past,\\nand we have every reason to believe we will be proud of its future.\\nWe need a strong navy. We ought to have as good a navy as\\nany nation in the world. We must build up our merchant marine.\\nWe must carry American goods in American ships and under the\\nAmerican flag. There was a day when the sails of our ships were\\nseen on every ocean and our flag in every harbor of the world.\\nThat day will come again, and the policy we contemplate to-day\\nwill hasten it.\\nThere is another reason why I favor the annexation of the\\nHawaiian Islauds. The day, in my judgment, sir, is not far dis-\\ntant when this Government must build the Nicaragua Canal.\\nThat will shorten the distance to the Pacific possessions more\\nthan one-third. The trip of the Oregon has demonstrated that the\\ncanal across the Isthmus must be built as quickly as possible. It\\nshould have been built long ago. We must build it with our own\\nmoney, we must own it ourselves, and we must hold it and\\nmanage it ourselves.\\nThere is no work to-day more important for the Government to\\ndo. From all the information I can get I believe the canal can be\\nbuilt in less than two years, and that it will not cost $100,000,000.\\nIt would be one of the greatest things the Government ever did,\\nand would pay for itself in less than twenty years. The Nicara-\\ngua Canal must be built, should be the watchword of the Amer-\\n3473", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "ican people from now until it is completed and in successful op-\\neration. If we build the canal across the Isthmus, we must own\\nthe Hawaiian Islands. The latter is essential to the former.\\nWhen we accomplish these two things, I feel confident that a\\ngreat step will have been taken to protect our coast, promote our\\ncommerce, and increase our prosperity.\\nMr. Speaker, the question of the annexation of the Hawaiian\\nIslands is not a new one. For more than half a century it has\\nbeen considered and advocated by the leading statesmen and the\\nablest thinkers in our country. Years and years ago it was seen\\nthat sooner or later the islands would come to us and would be\\nours. All our history teaches this. A few years ago, when the\\nmonarchy died and the Republic of Hawaii reared its head among\\nthe nations of the world, all farseeing men knew it was only a\\nquestion of a little while when she would come to us and ask us\\nto make her a part of our domain. The time is at hand and we\\nintend to grant her request. We know. and the people out there\\nknow, that a little state like Hawaii can not stand alone among\\nher great competitors, all of whom covet her incomparable har-\\nbor, her rich and fertile lands, her salubrious climate, her com-\\nmercial position and resources, and her invaluable natural stra-\\ntegical advantages. She must have the protection of this country\\nor some other great power. So she comes to us in her helpless-\\nness and we gladly bid her welcome.\\nAnother thing, sir, I desire to say at this time; and that is that\\nthis question is not a party question. It never was a party ques-\\ntion, and it never ought to be made a party question. There\\nshould be no politics in it. It is a question of American states-\\nmanship and American patriotism; nothing more, nothing less.\\nIf it can be made a party question at all, it is a Democratic one.\\nThe first man in this country to favor Hawaiian annexation,\\nyears and years ago, was that great Democrat from the State of\\nNew York, William L. Marcy, the greatest Secretary of State\\nthis country has ever had since the days of Thomas Jefferson.\\nHe saw the advantages of our acquiring these islands away back\\nin the early days of the Republic. And since his day every Demo-\\ncratic Administration save one has done all it could to bring these\\nislands under the sovereignty of this country.\\n3478", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "10\\nLet me say to my Democratic colleagues on this side of the\\nHouse that the policy of annexation has been good Democratic\\ndoctrine ever since this Government was founded. Every bit of\\nterritory, save Alaska, which has been annexed to this country\\nsince England recognized our independence has been annexed un-\\nder and by virtue of a Democratic Administration. For years and\\nyears every leader in the Democratic party has been in favor of\\nacquiring the Hawaiian Islands. The Democratic party, as a\\nparty, has never been opposed to it, and as I said before, I regret\\nthat to-day we are not a unit in favor of these resolutions. In\\nmy judgment, we ought to be. From the press and from the peo-\\nple all over this country, there comes to this House a cry to-day in\\nfavor of the annexation of those islands. Public opinion and pub-\\nlic sentiment all over the country seem to be all one way.\\nMr. GAINES. Why, then, when the Democrats had control of\\nthis House and the Senate, did they not pass this measure?\\nMr. SULZER. Ask them; do not ask me. I was not a member\\nthen.\\nMr. GAINES. You are making a declaration that Democrats\\nhave always favored the policy of annexation.\\nMr. SULZER. Yes; in the past all but a few. One Democratic\\nExecutive was opposed to Hawaii, He hauled down the Ameri-\\ncan flag on those islands. He tried to restore the monarchy and\\ncame very near succeeding. I am glad he failed. I believed then,\\nand I believe now, that his action in this case was the most un-\\nwise, the most impolitic, and the most unpatriotic thing he did\\nduring his Administration. I know many Democrats stood by\\nhim in Congress then, and some of them who are here to-day no\\ndoubt take the stand they do because they dislike to stultify their\\nrecords. I said then, and I say now, that it was a mistake, a sad\\npolitical mistake, when a Democratic Executive ordered the Stars\\nand Stripes that floated over Hawaii hauled down, and sought in\\nevery way to overturn the provisional government and restore the\\ndisgraced and degenerate monarchy. [Applause.]\\nThe American people are not in sympathy with any man who\\nhauls down the American flag in favor of monarchy. [Applause.\\nWhen the Hawaiian Monarchy collapsed it fell like a rotten tree\\non the bank of a turbulent stream, quickly to be swept away and\\nnever to be restored. It is not democratic policy to restore a\\n3478", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "11\\ndead monarchy in the place of a live republic on this hemisphere.\\nOur sympathies are all with the people, with free institutions;\\nthey are all against monarchies, and with governments deriving\\ntheir just powers from the consent of the governed. The day is\\nnot far distant when a monarchical flag will not wave over an\\ninch of territory on the Western Hemisphere or on the islands\\nadjacent thereto. Jefferson s dream is coming true when this\\nWestern World, from Baffin s Bay to the Straits of Magellan, will\\nbe dedicated to freedom and to free institutions. [Applause.]\\nMr. Speaker, the assertion has been made that the annexation\\nof the Hawaiian Islands is a departure from the Monroe doctrine.\\nI want to controvert that statement. I am as firm a believer in\\nthe Monroe doctrine as anyone. If I thought for one moment\\nthat the annexation of these islands was a violation of the Monroe\\ndoctrine I would abandon annexation and stand by the Monroe\\ndoctrine. I say the Monroe doctrine has nothing whatever to do\\nwith this qu estion. The Monroe doctrine precludes foreign powers\\nfrom acquiring additional territory on this hemisphere, but it\\nsurely does not prevent us from annexing contiguous territory\\nessential to our own preservation. To contend otherwise would\\nbe ridiculous.\\nThe history of this country is a record of national progress,\\nnational development, and national expansion. From a child we\\nhave grown in a little over a century to a giant among the powers\\nof the earth.\\nThe whole history of this country teaches, if it teaches any-\\nthing, that it is unwise politically to get in the way of national\\nprogress.\\nEvery foot of territory heretofore acquired has been gained in\\nthe teeth of violent opposition. Yet who would part with any of\\nit to-day? The annexation of Alaska, the annexation of the Cali-\\nfornias, the annexation of Texas, the annexation of the Floridas,\\nand the annexation of Louisiana and the great northwest terri-\\ntory by Jefferson, the greatest thing ever done in this country\\nsince the Revolution were all bitterly fought and opposed. Every\\npurchase, every acquisition, has been more than justified. And\\nso, in my judgment, will be this acquisition of the Hawaiian\\nIslands.\\nSir, we are making history very fast during these closing years of\\n3478", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "12\\nth^ nineteenth, century faster than most people imagine. This is\\nan era of rapid progress and development. Why should we not\\naccept the Hawaiian Islands? There are a thousand reasons why\\nwe should. I know of not one good valid reason why we should\\nnot. It is said the sugar trust is opposed to annexation; but that\\nopposition should not deter us from doing our duty. It is said\\nthat some of the great powers do not think kindly of annexation.\\nI answer, if that be true, that is the best reason why we should at\\nonce acquire these islands, and that now not a nation on earth\\ncan or will dare object. And I proclaim that if we now turn our\\nbacks on Hawaii and refuse to accept her generous and magnifi-\\ncent gift, we will be. and we ought to be, the laughingstock of\\nthe civilized world.\\nStanding here to-day. I voice my own views and my own senti-\\nments. I speak only for my own constituency. But yet, sir, I do\\nnot hesitate to say that I regret exceedingly that these resolutions\\ncan not pass this House with the same unanimous voice and vote\\nas the resolutions to make Cuba free. On the 1st day of April,\\n1893, the American flag was hauled down at Honolulu. Five\\nyears afterwards, under the same American flag, the booming\\nguns of Dewey s battle ships sounded a new note on the Pacific\\nshores, a note that has been echoed and reechoed around the\\nworld, and that note is that we are on the Pacific, that we are\\nthere to stay, and that we are there to protect our rights, promote\\nour interests, and get our share of the trade and commerce of the\\nopulent Orient. [Prolonged applause.]\\nYes, sir; in my judgment, if we but use ordinary care and\\nwatchfulness we are destined to become, in spite of ourselves, the\\nrichest and the greatest commercial nation the world has ever\\nseen. Look at our past. What may be expected of the future?\\nAlready most of Europe is jealous and envious of us, and our\\nancient foe, England, now begs an alliance. But we need no al-\\nliance with England or any other country. All we need is a firm\\nreliance on ourselves. Our mission on earth is a mission of peace.\\nWe seek no quarrel; neither do we fear one, as haughty Spain has\\nlearned to her sorrow. [Applause.]\\nWe are now commercially great, but we must grow and expand\\nand become greater. We should strive to extend our trade and\\ncommerce. We have the men, the climate, the brain, the brawn,\\n3178", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "13\\nand the genius. For one I stand for national progress, national\\ndevelopment, and national growth. I do not believe nations, anv\\nmore than individuals, can standstill very long without retrograd-\\ning. The past is secure. We must legislate for the present and\\nthe future. I have no sympathy with the Bourhonism that never\\nforgets and never learns. We must keep abreast of the times and\\nbe up to date. We must meet each new question as it arises, and\\nwith a singleness of purpose for the public good decide it for the\\nbest interests of all the people.\\nThe SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Dalzell). The time of the\\ngentleman from New York has expired.\\nMr. SULZER. I should like to have a little more time.\\nMr. HITT. I can yield to the gentleman only ten minutes\\nmore. I yield to the gentleman ten minutes more,\\nMr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his\\ncourtesy.\\nNow, sir, I contend that no gentleman here who has studied\\nthe situation in Europe, that no gentleman here who has watched\\nthe march of the European nations into Africa and Asia, can pos-\\nsibly misunderstand the drift of the times.\\nThe great powers of Europe are seeking new markets for their\\nmanufactured goods. They know that the markets of the world\\ncontrol the commercial destiny of nations. We must watch our\\nrights and protect our interests in the Pacific. If we do not, I\\nbelieve we will do the commercial interests in this country an\\nirreparable injury. Our first step should be to annex Hawaii.\\nThat is the key to the whole situation. Our next step should be\\nto build the Nicaragua Canal, and our third step should be to re-\\nbuild and reestablish our merchant marine. Annex Hawaii, and\\nall the others will follow like the day the night.\\nMr. GAINES. Will the gentleman from New York again per-\\nmit me to interrupt him?\\nMr. SULZER. Certainly.\\nMr. GAINES. Were you in the Chicago convention?\\nMr. SULZER. Yes; I was a delegate.\\nMr. GAINES. Did you offer any pro-Hawaiian resolution there?\\nMr. SULZER. No; I offered a resolution there for free Cuba,\\nand I am glad to say it was adopted.\\nMr. GAINES. Why did you not offer the other?\\n3478", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "14\\nMr. SULZER. Well, sir, one thing at a time lias always been\\nmy motto.\\nMr. GAINES. Then let us get through with Cuba, and then\\nwe will consider this other matter.\\nMr. SULZER. One thing at a time. Sufficient unto the day\\nis the duty thereof. Cuba is now free to all intents and purposes,\\nand we have this matter before us. I am on record in this House\\nand out of it in favor of Cuban independence and Hawaiian an-\\nnexation. On several occasions in this House I have spoken\\nbriefly in favor of Hawaiian annexation. I was for the Cubans\\nfirst. When they got their independence, I was for the Hawaiians.\\nI want to see the Haw T aiians also free and happy, and I do not think\\nthey can be imless, as they say themselves, we take them under\\nthe protecting folds of the Stars and Stripes. [Applause.]\\nMr. GAINES. Did you bring in a minority report in favor of\\nHawaii or say anything about it in the Chicago convention?\\nMr. SULZER. The Democratic national platform is silent\\nabout Hawaii. How it was left out I know not. I was not a\\nmember of the committee on resolutions and platform. Perhaps\\nit was omitted out of personal regard for certain distinguished\\nDemocrats; perhaps not. I can not tell. I do not know. I re-\\nspectfully refer the gentleman to my speeches in this House and\\nto the record of the proceedings of the last Democratic national\\nconvention. 1 say now that the time has come when we are\\ngoing to place Old Glory once more over the ramparts of the\\nGovernment buildings in Honolulu, never again to be hauled\\ndown. [Applause.]\\nNow, sir, Hawaii is the key to the whole Pacific, and the com-\\nmercial value of Hawaii, and its consequent importance to the\\nUnited States, can be very clearly seen from the following study\\nof distances from Honolulu:\\nMiles.\\nUnalaska 2,016\\nBan Krancisco. 2,039\\nMarshall Isl an ds 2, 098\\nPortland, Oreg 2,200\\nSamoa 2,220\\nSan Diego. Cal 2,250\\nVictoria, British Columbia 2,300\\nTahiti.. 2,389\\nSitka 2,395\\nCaroline Islands 2,602\\nFiji 2,736\\nYokohama 3,399\\nNew Caledonia 3,500\\nKamchatka 3,800\\n3178\\nMiles.\\nNew Zealand 8,900\\nNew Guinea 4,000\\nNicaragua Canal 4,210\\nSydney, Australia 4, C00\\nPanama 4, 665\\nManila 4,700\\nBorneo 4,850\\nHongkong 4,917\\nVladivostock 5,000\\nCallao. 5,147\\nSingapore 5,780\\nValparaiso 5, 916\\nCape Horn ._. 0,300", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "15\\nNo one can study these figures carefully and be in doubt as to\\nhis duty as a patriotic American citizen, having the best interests\\nof the whole country at heart. And with the Nicaragua Canal\\nbuilt and owned by us the proposition in favor of annexation is\\nemphasized beyond successful controversy.\\nNow, Mr. Speaker, I desire to say in conclusion, because I ob-\\nserve that my time is nearly exhausted, that events are potent and\\nincontrovertible arguments; and recent events, which no man can\\nmistake or misunderstand, demonstrate beyond dispute the abso-\\nlute necessity of our annexing the Hawaiian Islands now and at\\nonce in order to more successfully prosecute our war with Spain.\\nThose in authority say the annexation of these islands is an im-\\nmediate military necessity. For that reason and for the reasons\\nI have already expressed, I shall cast my vote for annexation. I\\nfeel confident of my position, and sincerely believe the future and\\nsubsequent events will justify the stand I now take.\\nI shall cast my vote in favor of the annexation of the Hawaiian\\nIslands, because we need them as a naval and military necessity\\nnow and in the future for the purpose of protecting and defend-\\ning the territory and the commerce which we already own. We\\nneed the Hawaiian Islands for national defense. They are the\\nkey to the Pacific, and the only coaling station in the Pacific\\nOcean between the Arctic Ocean and the Equator, between the\\ncontinent of Asia and the coast of North America. Not to annex\\nthem now would be national folly; to annex them, security, peace,\\nand national insurance. [Long applause.]\\n[Here the hammer fell.]\\n3478", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n019 944 347 1", "height": "4643", "width": "2723", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00sulz_0018.jp2"}}