{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4216", "width": "2780", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "o\\n^d\\n^q*\\n*^,*i:tLr*\\nJ", "height": "4068", "width": "2593", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "TT^ A\\nI- oV*-\\n^\u00c2\u00b0-v.\\nK* ^y^^\\nV", "height": "4068", "width": "2593", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4083", "width": "2399", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4050", "width": "2366", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4083", "width": "2399", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "v.EASt LESSONS...\\nIN-\\nCIVIL GOVERNMENT\\nARRANGED FOR\\nINDIVIDUAL, CLUB, OR SOCIAL STUDY.\\nA thorough series of Questions and\\nAnswers on how the United States\\nare governed. The Functions, Pow-\\ners and Limitations of the\\nNATIONAL, STATE, AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS-.\\nAlso questions on important subjects which\\nevery one should bo able to answer.\\nLILIAN COLE Ji ETHEL.\\nPublished by the Author, 738 E. Long Street\\nCoJiimbus, Ohio.", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "JSnteredy according to act of Congtess^ in the yeaf\\n1898, by LILIAN COLE -BETHEL. in the office\\nof Librarian of Congress at Washington, D, d\\nAll Rights Reserved,\\nm 2 I\\n^/OiT\\nf HE Free press\\nMl Pleasant, la^\\n1898.", "height": "4124", "width": "2498", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThis manual has been arranged for busy people.\\nTo study the larger works on Civil government and\\nquestions of the day, with many is impossible. Our\\nform and system of government snould be tamiliar\\nto every citizen and to be able to answer intelligently\\nmany common, every-day questions, is an accomplish-\\nment to be coveted. These things I have sought to\\nelucidate in the following pages. Some special subjects\\nwhich are attracting much attention at the present\\ntime have been considered of sufficient importance to\\nintroduce here, briefly, and in a way to cover the\\nsalient points and principles enunciated. I have also\\narranged a list of topics for attractive programs, for\\nclubs, and trust it may be found useful.\\nLILIAN COLE-BETHEL.\\nColumbus, Ohio.\\nMarch, 1898.", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "DEDICATED TO\\nThe progressive women whom the author has met in\\nher Parliamentary Classes, whose thirst for\\nfurther knowledge has prompted her\\nto bring out this little manual.", "height": "4124", "width": "2498", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nNATIONAL GOVERNMENT.\\nPAGE.\\nGovernment 1 2\\nColonial Government 2 5\\nThe States Government 5\\nHistory of Congress 6 11\\nLegislative Department 12 14\\nThe House of Representatives 14 31\\nThe Senate 32 36\\nThe Executive Department 37\\nThe President 37 40\\nThe Vice-President 40 41\\nThe Electoral College 41 47\\nMembers of the Cabinet 48\\nThe Secretary of State 48 49\\nThe Secretary of Treasury 49 53\\nThe Secretary of War 53\\nThe Secretary of Navy 53 54\\nThe Attorney-General 54\\nThe Secretary of the Interior 54 55\\nThe Post-Master General 55 57\\nThe Secretary of Agriculture 57\\nDiplomatic Service 58 60\\nJudicial Department 61 66\\nCivil Service and Signal Service 67 69\\nDistrict ot Columbia 69 70\\nThe Territories, how governed 70 74\\nNaturalization 74 75\\nLibrary of Congress 75 76\\nOur Flag 76 78\\nThe Liberty Bell 78\\nThe United States Seal 79 80", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "PAGE.\\nDuty. Tax and Single Tax 80 86\\nMoney 86 91\\nNational and State Banks 91 101\\nDirect Legislation 102 106\\nThe Initiative avid Eeferendum of Switzer-\\nland 106 109\\nPolitical Sayings. 110 115\\nMiscellaneous Questions 116 130\\nNational Songs 131 132\\nState Names 133 137\\nOur Neighbor Governments 138\\nMexico 138 139\\nCanada 140 141\\nLists for Women s Clubs 142 147\\nQuotations for Club Calendars 148\\nST/^TE GOVERNMENT.\\nEarly Government of Ohio 161 162\\nLegislative 163\\nHouse of Ee,)resentatives 163 166\\nThe Senate 166 168\\nThe Executive Department 169 170\\nThe Governor 170 171\\nThe Secretary of State 171 173\\nThe Auditor of State 173\\nThe Treasurer of State 173 174\\nThe Attorney-General 174\\nThe Commissioner of Common Schools 174 175\\nThe Board of Public Works 175 176\\nMinor Elective Officers 176 177\\nThe Judiciary ....178 183\\nThe Supreme Court 183 185\\nThe Circuit Courts ..185 186\\nThe Courts of Common Pleas 186 187\\nJustice of Peace and Municipal Courts 187 188\\nThe Militia 189 190\\nState Institutions 190", "height": "4124", "width": "2498", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Education 190 191\\nIncorporations 191 192\\nElections 192 196\\nRegistration of Voters 196 198\\nThe Australian Ballot 198 202\\nThe County 202 203\\nThe County Commissioners 203 204\\nThe Treasurer 204\\nCounty Auditor 204 205\\nRecorder 205\\nCounty Surveyor 205 206\\nInfirmary Directors 206 207\\nCoroner ....207 208\\nThe Sheriff 208\\nThe Clerk of the Courts 209\\nThe Prosecuting Attorney 209 210\\nProbate Jud^e 210\\nThe Township 210 211\\nThe Township Trustees 211\\nThe Township Clerk 212 212\\nThe Township Treasurer 212\\nThe Assessor 212 213\\nThe Constable 213\\nThe Township Supervisor of Roads 213 214\\nMunicipal Corporations 214 215\\nThe Hamlet 215\\nThe Village 215 216\\nThe Village Council 216\\nThe Village Mayor 216\\nThe Village Marshall 216 217\\nThe City 217\\nThe City Council 217 218\\nThe City Mayor 218\\nThe City Clerk 218", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "**ltnowledge is of two kinds; we know a subject\\nourselves, or we know where we can find information\\nupon it*", "height": "4124", "width": "2498", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "America is another word for opportu-\\nni ty Emerson.\\nCIVIL GOVEKNMENT.\\nWhat is government?\\nIt is the direction and control of human\\ninterests and founded upon human rights.\\nName three distinct functions of govern-\\nment.\\nThe legislative, executive and judicial.\\nDefine each.\\nThe legislative is to make laws.\\nThe ex^ecutive is to cavrj the laws into\\neffect.\\nThe judicial is to interpret and apply\\nlaws.\\nName three forms of government.\\nMonarchy, aristocracy and democracy.\\nDefine each.\\nA monarchy is a form of government in\\nwhich the sovereign powers are in the\\nhands of a single person. A limited mon-\\narchy is one in Avliich the royal power is\\nrestricted by representative institutions of\\nsome kind. An aristocracy is a govern-\\nment controlled by a few persons distin-\\nguished for rank, wealth and knowledge.", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "2 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nA democracy is a government in which the\\nsupreme power is in the hands of the whole\\npeople and directly expressed by them. A\\nrepublic is a representative democracy in\\nri^hich the sovereign power is exercised by\\nrepresentatives elected by the people. The\\nUnited States and the respective states\\nhave this form of government.\\nThe term democracy is derived from\\nwhat Greek word?\\nDemos, meaning the people-\\nCOLONIAL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow were the colonies governed before\\nthe revolutionary war?\\nThey were subject to the government of\\nGreat Britain and the power of the king.\\nWere all the colonies governed alike?\\nEach colony had a separate and distinct\\ngovernment, but resembled the others in\\nform.\\nHow were certain liberties given?\\nBy the king granting them charters. In\\nthe chartered colonies the freemen elected\\ntlie members (representative) of the lower\\nhouse in its legislative department.\\nThe powers of government were vested\\nin whom?\\nA governor, a council and an assembly\\nof representatives.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 3\\nIJow was the goyernor appointed?\\nBy the king or by such persons as had\\nauthority from the king to appoint.\\nHow was the council appointed?\\nEither directly by the king or the privi-\\nlege was granted the governor of the\\ncolony.\\nCould they make their own laws?\\nThey could make no law contrary to the\\nlaws of England. Thej^were granted the\\nprivilege of making some laws.\\nWere all the colonies granted charters?\\nIn most of the colonies the people\\nhad but little control over public affairs,\\nand were at the mercy of the governor.\\nWere the people discontented?\\nYes, for many reasons. In 1G63 by act\\nof parliament the colonies were compelled\\nto buy all their supplies in England; also\\nmaiiufaclories in America were prohibited.\\nDid this oppression continue?\\nYes. In 1G72 the colonies were compell-\\ned by parliament to send their product of\\nexchange from one colony to another by\\nway of England and pay duty, or if sent\\ndirect to pay duty in America.\\nsVhat act was parsed in parliament in\\n1774 that caused such a disturbance in the\\nMassachusetts government?\\nTlie so called IvCgnlation Act.", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "4 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT,\\nWhat were its provisions?\\nThat the members of the council be ap-\\npointed by the Royal governor, and that\\nthey be paid by the crown. Also that the\\nprincipal executive and judicial officers be\\npaid by the crown, and that town meetings\\nbe prohibited except for electing town of-\\nficers. Other severe laws were passed at\\nthe same time.\\nWere these laws enforced?\\nMassachusetts being a chartered colony\\nand having enjoyed certain privileges, re-\\nbelled against the new order of things.\\nTroops were sent from England to aid in\\nenforcing this act,and out of this political\\nsituation came the battles of Bunker Hill\\nand Lexington.\\nWhat was the Stamp Act?\\nAn order that stamps bought of the\\nBritish government should be put on all\\nlegal documents, newspapers, pamphlets,\\netc.\\nWhat attitude did America have toward\\nEngland in regard to the heavy tax laid\\nupon her?\\nShe believed that taxation without rep-\\nresentation was tyranny,^ and that no tax\\nshould be imposed on them without their\\nconsent given directly or by their repre-\\nsentatives.^^\\nTo what did this taxation lead?", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "I\\nEASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 5\\nTo the agitation of self-government, fol-\\nlowed by the famous Declaration of rights,\\nmade in 1765. The feeling of bitterness\\nwas great and the agitation for home rule\\ncontinued, which led to the Revolutionary\\nwar in 1775.\\nTHE STATES GOVERNMENT.\\nWhen did the colonies become states?\\nThey had all except two organized as\\nstate s and adopted state constitutions be-\\nfore the constitution of the United States\\nwas adopted.\\nWhat two remained under their former\\ncharter?\\nConnecticut until 1818, and Rhode Island\\nuntil 1842.\\nWhat colony was the first to make a new\\nstate constitution?\\nNew Hampshire, in 1775.", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "(5 EASY LBiSSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\n^^Our Liberties we prize, our Eights we\\nwill maintain/^\\nHISTORY OF CONGEESS.\\nWhen was the first Congress held?\\nThe first Colonial Congress, or represen-\\ntative Assembly of America, met in New\\nYork, Oct. 7, 1765.\\nOf what was it composed?\\nDelegates from nine Colonies.\\nWhat was the purpose ol this assembly?\\nTo oppose the stamp act and the prin-\\nciple of taxation without representation.\\nTV hen was the next Congress held?\\nIn 1774 in Philadelphia.\\nHow many Colonies ^ere represented?\\nTwelve.\\nWhat was done at this Congress?\\nThe w^ell known Declaration of Rights\\nwere drawn up and promulgated.\\nBy what name was the body know^n?\\nThe Continental Congress.\\nWhen was the Declaration of Indepen-\\ndence adopted?\\nJuly 4th, 1776.\\nHow^ many states signed it?\\nThirteen. New Hampshire, Massachu-\\nsetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New\\nYork, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela-\\nware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina,\\nSouth Carolina and Georgia.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. y\\nHow many members signed?\\nFifty-six.\\nWho read the Declaration of Indepen-\\ndence alond in the yard of Independence\\nHall?\\nJohn Nixon, July 8, 1776. The same\\nday the King s arms over the door of the\\nSupreme Court room in Independence\\nHall were torn down and burned in the\\neveninjo- in the presence of a great crowd\\nof citizens.\\nTo what place did Congress remove its\\nsittings toward the latter part of 1776?\\nTo Baltimore.\\nWhat action was taken in 1777?\\nArticles of Confederation were prepared\\nand after much discussion were passed.\\nWhen were they adopted?\\nIn Philadelphia, July 9th, 1778, and sub-\\nmitted to the states.\\nWhat report came before Congress in\\n1785?\\nA committee of Congress made a report\\nrecommending an alteration of the Arti-\\ncles of Confederation.\\nDid Congress act in the matter?\\nNo, but it was left to the State Legisla-\\ntures to proceed in the matter.\\nHow did the State Legislatures act?", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "8 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe States finally agreed to have a dele-\\ngated convention.\\nWas Congress in favor of this?\\nYes. In February, 1787 it adopted res-\\nlutions in favor of a convention.\\nWhen did this convention meet?\\nIn May, 1787.\\nHow many states were rf presented?\\nSeven.\\nWho was elected President of the con-\\nvention?\\nGeorge Washington of Virginia.\\nWhat was the outcome of this conven-\\ntion?\\nThe Constitution of thie United States\\nwas begun.\\nWas it finished then?\\nNo, not until a convention of the States\\nmet September 17th, 1787.\\nHow many states were represnted?\\nTwelve. Rhode Island held aloof.\\nHow many delegates signed the Constt\\ntution?\\nThirty-nine.\\nAt the Constitutional Convention, how\\nwere the delegates appointed?\\nBy the State Legislatures.\\nWho presented the Constitution to Con-\\ngress?", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "EiASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 9\\nThe President of the Convention.\\nWhen did Congress direct the constitu-\\ntion sent to the States for ratification?\\nSeptember 28th, 1787.\\nWas the Constitution ratified by the\\nStates by direct P^r^ular vote?\\nNo, it was ratified by delegated conven-\\ntions.\\nWhat State was the first to ratify the\\nConstitution?\\nDelaware, December 7th, 1787.\\nHow many states had ratified the Con-\\nstitution before the first Comgress was\\nheld under it?\\nEleven. Ehode Island and North Caro-\\nlina not ratifying until afterwards.\\nWhen was the new Congress held under\\nthe new Constitution?\\nMarch 4th, 1789.\\nWhere was it held?\\nIn New York City.\\nHow many were present at the first Con-\\njfress?\\nSixty-five in the House and twenty-four\\nin the Senate.\\nUpon what basis were Eepresentatives\\nelected in 1787?\\nOne for every 30,000 inhabitants.", "height": "4074", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "19 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT,\\nWhat states were represented in that\\nCongress?\\nAll but Ehocle Island.\\nWhere was the next Congress held?\\nIn Philadelphia, 1790.\\nWhen did Congress move to Washing-\\nton?\\nIn 1800.\\nWhy was Congress removed from New\\nYork?\\nBecause the agricultural members feared\\nthe influence of surrounding commercial\\ninterests in legislation.\\nWhat was the objection to Congress con-\\ntinuing in Philadelphia?\\nBecause the Southern members were\\nafraid of the Quaker influence in urging\\nthe abolition of Slavery.\\nHow can we amend the Constitution?\\nThe Constitution itself makes the pro-\\nvision, thus: The Congress whenever two-\\nthirds of both houses shall deem it necess-\\nary shall propose an amendment to this\\nconstitution, or on the application of the\\nLegislatures of ^wo-thirds of the several\\nstates, shall call a convention for propos-\\ning amendments, which in either case\\nshall be valid to all intents and purposes,\\nas part of this Constitution when ratified\\nby the Legislature of two-thirds of the sev-", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. H\\neral states, or by conyentions in two-thirds\\nthereof, as the one or the other mode of\\nratification may be proposed by Congress/\\nHow many amendments have been made\\nto our national constitution?\\nFifteen in all.\\nWere these ratified by the State Legis-\\nlature or State Conventions?\\nIn every case they were submitted by\\nCongress to the State Legislatures, for rati-\\nfication.\\nName three divisions of the Constitution\\nas pertaining to goverment.\\nLegislative, Executive and Judicial.", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "12 EiASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nUnited we stand, divided we fall/\\nLEGISLATIVE DEPAETMENT.\\nWhat is the first section of the National\\nConstitution?\\nAll legislative powers herein granted\\nshall be vested in a congress of the United\\nStates, which shall consist of a Senate and\\na House of Kepresntatives/\\nWhy do we have the two houses of con-\\ngress?\\nWe pattern after most of the English\\nspeaking countries having two houses. It\\nis supposed to be a check upon hasty legis-\\nlation and the interests of the people are\\nthought to be protected since each house\\nscrutinizes the acts of the other.\\nCONGEESS. How many sessions does\\neach congress hold?\\nTwo. The first cannot end until both\\nhouses are ready to adjourn. The second\\ncongress of the same session must adjourn\\nMarch 4th, at noon.\\nWhat is the first session called?\\nThe Long Session. The second one,\\nthe Short Session closing the congress.\\nWhen does Congress convene?\\nThe first Mondar in December.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 13\\nCan either house of Congress adjourn\\nwithout the consent of the other?\\nNot for more than three days at a time.\\nIf both houses do not agree about the\\ntime of adjourning what is done?\\nThe President of the United States can\\nadjourn them to such a time as he may\\ntliink proper.\\nWhat was the longest term of Congress\\never held in the United States?\\nThe fiftieth, from December 5th, 1887 to\\nOctober 20th, 1888.\\nWhat becomes of bills not passed at the\\nexpiration of Congress?\\nBills run from the long to the short ses-\\nsion, but at the expiration of the short ses-\\nsion, March 4th, all bills not passed, perish,\\nas the session is fixed by statute and can-\\nnot be extended.\\nWhat are somxC of the powers of Con-\\ngress\\nThe Congress shall have power to levy\\nand collect taxes, duties, imposts, etc., to\\npay the debts of the United States.\\nTo borrow nioney on public credit.\\nTo regulate commerce;\\nTo establish naturalization laws and\\nlaws governing bankruptcy;\\nTo coin money;\\nTo promote science and useful arts;", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "14 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nTo constitute tribunals inferior to the\\nSupreme Court;\\nTo declare war. To raise and support\\narmies.\\nTo provide and maintain a navy;\\nTo provide for organizing, arming and\\ndisciplining the militia.\\nTo exercise exclusive legislative action\\nover such a district as shall contain the\\ncapitol of the United States;\\nTo make all laws which shall be necess-\\nary for carrying into execution the fore-\\ngoing powers and all other powers vested\\nby this Constitution in the Government of\\nthe United States, or in any department,\\nor officers thereof.\\nHOUSE OF EEPEESENTATIVES.\\nHow are the members of the House elect-\\ned?\\nBy the people on the basis of the popu-\\nlation, one for every 173,901 (in 1897.)\\nWhat was the basis when the Constitu-\\ntion was adopted?\\nOne Eepresntative for every 30,000, but\\neaeli state was entitled to one Represen-\\ntative whether it had that number or not.\\nEach state is still entitled to ^^at least one\\nmember.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 15\\nHow many members have we in our\\nHouse of Eepresentatives?\\n357 (in 1897.)\\nAre the members elected by the direct\\nvote of the people?\\nYes, each state elects one from each\\ndistrict in the State and the election al-\\nways takes place in the even j^ears.\\nIf a state is entitled to more representa-\\ntives by population than it has districts,\\nwhat is done?\\nIf the State Legislature has not made\\nthe necessary arrangements to redistrict a\\nstate that has increased in population the\\nadditional numbers are elected on a gen-\\neral ticket by the whole state, called Eep-\\nresentatives-at-large.\\nFor hovv^ long is a Eepresentative elected?\\nFor two years.\\nAt what age is a person eligible to the\\noffice of representative?\\nTwenty-five years, and must be a- citi-\\nzen of the United States seven years/\\nWhen docs his term begin?\\nThe fourth of March in the year for\\nwhich he is elected, but he does not take\\nliis seat until December unless there is an\\nextra session.\\nWli^it salary does a U. S. Kepresentative\\nreceive?\\n15,000 per annum. The salary begins on", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "16 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthe fourth of March next succeeding the\\ngeneral election.\\nIs this all the compensation they get?\\nNo, in addition they receive mileage at\\nthe rate of twenty cents a mile in going to\\nand returning from each regular session,\\nalso an allowance of |125 for postage and\\nstationery.\\nHow are they paid?\\nFrom the National Treasury.\\nCONTESTED ELECTIONS.\\nHow are seats contested in the House?\\nA person intending to contest an elec-\\ntion of a Kepresentative, must, thirty days\\nafter election, give notice, in writing, to\\nthe member, whose seat he expects to con-\\ntest, of his intention to contest the same.\\nWhat is the nature of the notice?\\nIt must specify particularly the grounds\\nupon which he expects to contest.\\nWhere are the contested cases first\\nheard?\\nUsually before the Committee on Elec-\\ntions and they report to the House, and\\naction is taken there.\\nWho pays the expenses of these contest-\\nants?\\nThe Government pays a sum not exceed-\\ning $2,000.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. IJ\\nIn case a vacancy occurs in the represen-\\ntation of any state, what is done?\\nThe Governor calls a new election and\\nthe people vote for a person to fill the va-\\ncancA^\\nOEGANIZATION OF THE HOUSE.\\nVrhat are the officers chosen in the\\nHouse?\\nA speaker (who is alvx^ays a member of\\nthe House), clerk, sergeant-at-arms, door-\\nkeeper, postmaster and chaplain; (these\\nare not members of the House.)\\nWho presides in the House?\\nThe Speaker.\\nWho presides until he is elected?\\nThe Clerk of the last session, w^ho holds\\nover.\\nWhat is the first thing done in organiz-\\ning?\\nThe Clerk calls the House to order and\\nthen calls the rolL\\nDoes the Clerk know^ previously w^ho the\\nmembers are?\\nYes, the law requires the Clerk to make\\na roll of the members whose credentials\\nshow they have been duly elected.\\nIn case of a vacancy in the office of clerk,", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "Jg BABY LESSONS IN CITIL GOVERNMENT,\\nor if he is absent or not able to discharge\\nhis duties in preparing the roll, who doei^\\nit?\\nThe Sergeant-at-arms, If neither are\\npresent, then the Door-keeper performs the\\noffice.\\nWhat Tote elects?\\nA majority; if no one is elected on the\\nfirst vote, they proceed until one receives^\\na majority.\\nWhen elected what does the Clerk an-\\nnounce?\\nThat such a person is duly elected\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives\\nfor the Congress. The Speaker is then\\nconducted to the platform and takes the\\noath of office.\\nWho administers this oath to the Speak-\\ner?\\nUsually the member who has been long-\\nest in continuous service. After the\\nSpeaker has taken the oath, the members\\nfrom each state are called and the oath is\\nadministered to them by the Speaker.\\nWhat is the oath of office?\\nI, do solemnly swear (or af-\\nfirm) that I will support and defend the\\nconstitution of the United States against\\nall enemies, foreign and domestic; that I\\nwill bear true faith and allegiance to the\\nsame; that I take this obligation freely^", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. X9\\nwithout any mental reservation or purpose\\nof evasion, and that I will well and faith-\\nfully discharge the duties of the office on\\nwhich I am about to enter, so help me\\nGod.^\\nAfter the oaths are administered, what\\nis next done?\\nThe members then elect the Clerk, Ser-\\np:eant-at-arms. Door-keeper, Postmaster and\\nChaplain, each taking an oath to suport\\nthe Constitution of the United States and\\nto faithfully perform the duties of his office.\\nHow are the Territories represented in\\nCongress?\\nBy delegates. (See Territories,)\\nThe oath of office is administered to\\nthem following the liepresentatives and of-\\nficers.\\nAfter both houses are organized, what is\\ndone?\\nEach house instructs its Clerk (or secre-\\ntary) to notify the other house that they\\nhave organized and are ready for business.\\nA joint committee from both houses then\\nwaits upon the President of the United\\nStates, informing him of the organization\\nnnd their being ready to receive any com-\\nmunications.\\nFollowing the organization, how do the\\nmembers select their seats?\\nThey draw lots for tliem. The Clerk", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "20 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nplaces, in a box^ a number of small balls^\\nwhich are numbered, equal to the number\\nof members and delegates. At a certain\\nhour, previously fixed by the House, these\\nballs are drawn by a page, the number an-\\nnounced and the member whose name cor-\\nresponds to that number on the numbered\\nalphabetical list, pro ^dously prepared, shall\\nadvance and choose his seat for the term\\nfor which he is elected/^\\nHow often does the House organize?\\nOnly at the beginning of the first session\\nof each Congress, every two years. Almost\\nthe first order of business after organizing\\nis to adopt rules governing the House and\\nfixing the hour for the daily meetings.\\nSPEAKEE. What are the duties and the\\nprivileges of the Speaker?\\nAt the hour fixed to open each day, he\\ncalls the House to order and if there is a\\nquorum present, he calls for the journal of\\nthe last days sittings which is read and ap-\\nproved. He signs all acts, addresses, joint\\nresolutions, etc. He decides all questions\\nsubject to an appeal. Being a member he\\ncan vote on all questions, his name being\\ncalled last at the roll call. The Speaker\\nhas the privilege of appointing the stand-\\ning committees.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\n18,000 a year.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "]BiASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 21\\nisame some of the leading committees.\\nCommittees on Appropriations, Com-\\nmerce, Kivers and Harbors, Foreign A\u00c2\u00a3\\nfairs, AYays and Means, Banking and Cur-\\nrency, Ivailroads and Courts, Manufactures,\\nPatents, Education, Labor, Pensions,\\nClaims, Expenditures in the Departments^\\nEnrolled Bills, Agriculture and Elections.\\nThe Speaker must also appoint from\\nthe delegates, in addition to the committees\\nalready appointed, a delegate on the follow-\\ning committees: Coinage, Weights and\\nMeasures, Agriculture, Military Affairs^\\nPost Office, Post Eoads, Public Lands, In-\\ndian Affairs^ Private Land Claims, Mines\\nand Mining and two on Territories. The\\nfirst one named is chairman of the standing\\ncommittees.\\nThe Speaker has the right to appoint the\\nofficial stenographer of the House and the\\nstenographer for the committees. He,\\nbIso, has the power to remove them for suf-\\nficient cause. He has the privilege of ap-\\npointing three regents of the Smithsonian\\nInstitute, three visitors to the Military\\nAcademy at West Point, three visitors to\\nthe Naval Academy at Annapolis, two di*\\nrectors of the Columbia Hospital for women\\ntw^o directoi^s for the Columbia Institute\\nfor the Deaf and Dumb, and two consult-\\ning trustees for the Reform School of the\\nDistrict of Columbia.", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "22 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT,\\nCongress provides that the Speaker shall\\nset aside a portion of the West Gallery for\\nthe use of the President of the United\\nStates and the Cabinet, the Justices of the\\nSupreme Court, Foreign Ministers and\\nsuites and the members of their families;\\nalso, for persons admitted on the cards of\\nmembers. The Southern half of the East\\nGallery is for the members families.\\nCLERK. A part of the duties of the\\nClerk has already been given in the organi-\\nzation of the House.\\nWhat are some of the requirements of\\nthe Clerk?\\nAfter he enters upon his duties, he must\\ngive bonds for |20,000.\\nThe salary of the officers and employee\\nof the House, as fixed by law, are paid by\\nthe Clerk by warrants on the U. S. Treas-\\nury. He must also keep an accurate ac-\\ncount of all disbursments out of the contin-\\ngent fund of the House, monies expended^\\netc. He is, also, authorized to sign, during\\nthe recess of Congress, the certificates for\\nthe monthly compensation of members and\\ndelegates,, also from the time a member m\\nduly elected to the opening of the first ses-\\nsion.\\nThe Clerk of the House and Secretary of\\nthe Senate must advertise on^ce a week for\\nfour weeks in some leading paper, or pa-", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "EASY LBSSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 23\\npers, published in the District of Columbia\\nfor sealed proposals for supplying both\\nhouses with necessary stationery.\\nThe Clerk give\u00c2\u00ab a printed order for print-\\ning and binding, or for blank books for the\\nHouse, subject to the approval of the com-\\nmittee on accounts.\\nThe Clerk of the House and the Secretary\\nt)f the Senate are required to procure and\\nfile all reports made by each committee;\\nthese reports with all succeeding reports\\nare bound and deposited in the library of\\neach house.\\nHe furnishes to members a list of ofiadal\\nreports. He makes or approves all con-\\ntracts, bargains for the performance of any\\nlabor for the House, according to the law\\nor order of the House. He reads all mes-\\nsages and bills, and calls the roll of mem-\\nbers and keeps on file all parsers belonging\\nto the House. He keeps the liT3rary of the\\nHouse, w^here all copies oif printed docu-\\nments of either Hou^e are kept.\\nSEEGEA:NT-AT-AEMS. what are th^\\nduties of the Sergeant- at-arms?\\nHe is to assist the Speaker to keep order\\nin the Hou\u00c2\u00abe.\\nIs he required to give bonds?\\nYes. After he is elected and has taken\\nthe oath of office, he must give bonds with\\ntwo or more securities, to be approved hj", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "24 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT,\\nthe first comptroller of the Treasury, for\\nthe sum of |50,000, as disbursing officer of\\nthe United States.\\nCan a member of congress go, as secur-\\nity, on such a bond?\\n^No.\\nWith whom shall these bonds be depog^-\\nited?\\nWith the first Comptroller of the Treas-\\nury.\\nHow are the members of the House paid?\\nOut of the United States Treasury, on an\\norder drawn by the Sergeant-at-arms of\\nthe House. He must keep accurate ac-\\ncount of the salaries and mileage of the\\nmembers and delegates and pay them as\\nabove stated*\\nHow long does he hold his oflflce?\\nHe continues in office^ the same as the\\nClerk, until his successor is elected and\\nqualified, unless otherwise removed.\\nDoes the Sergeant-at-Arms do all this\\nwork?\\n!so, the law allows him as assistants, one\\ndeputy, one cashier, one paying teller, one\\nbookkeeper, one messenger, one page, and\\none laborer. These are all jm^id by the gov-\\nernment.\\nThe Sergeant-at-Arms of both Houses\\nhave the right to appoint the eapitol police", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN GIVIL GOVERNMENT. 25\\nunder the call of the House.\\nWhat else is the Sergeant-at-Arms re-\\nquired to do?\\nIn the absence of a quorum^ fifteen mem-\\nbers including the Speaker shall be author-\\nized to compel the attendance of those ab-\\nsent, the doors shall be closed and the ab-\\nsentees noted, who by the order of the ma-\\njority shall be sent for and arrested, where-\\never they may be found, by officers appoint-\\ned by the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the House\\nshall determine upon what condition or\\nfine they shall be discharged.\\nTHE DOOR-KEEPER.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What are his\\nduties?\\nThe Doorkeeper sees that the rules are\\nobserved relating to the privileges of the\\nHall and is responsible for the conduct of\\nhis employees. At the beginning and close\\nof each session he must report to the House\\nan account of all furniture, books and pub-\\nlic property in the various committee and\\nother rooms under his charge. This report\\nis referred to the committee on account, and\\nthey hold him liable for missing articles.\\nTHE POSTMASTER. What are his\\nduties?\\nHe shall keep the postofflce in the Cap-\\nitol for the convenience of the members^\\nand is responsible for the safe delivery of", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "m EASY LESSONS IN DIVIL GOVBRNMENt.\\ntheir mail.\\nThe Postofflce is open every day in the\\nyear, whether Congress is in session or not,\\nand the Postmaster must see to forwarding\\nall mail, if not delivered.\\nTHE CHAPLAIN attends the opening\\nof each day^ s sitting and opens the same\\nwith prayer.\\nTHE PAGES are elected by the Honse,\\nusually on the recommendation of some\\nmember, and receive a salary of two dol-\\nlars and a half per day.\\nCan a member of either house hold any\\notfier ofiflce under the United States at the\\nsame time?\\nNo.\\nAre members exempt from arrest?\\nMembers of both houses cannot be ar-\\nrested except for treason, felony or breach\\nof the peace, during their attendance upon\\ntheir respective houses, and in going to and\\nfrom the meetings of Congress.\\nWhat is the title given to a member of\\nCongress?\\nHonorable.\\nCan a person be a member of Congress\\nand a Cabinet officer at the same time?\\nNo, nor can a Representative be appoint-\\ned an elector, or practice in the Court of\\nClaims. A member of Congress cannot", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 27\\nhold an office he has helped to create.\\nA member cannot accept payment from\\na citizen for any service, except for legal\\nservices and even then the law forbids him\\nto accept pay for obtaining pensions.\\nAny member fonnd guilty of accepting\\nbribes may be expelled or fined or impris-\\noned. A member cannot make a public\\neontract under penalty of $3,000 fine.\\nIf a member resigns to whom does he\\ngive his resignation?\\nTo the Governor of the State.\\nWhat provision does the constitution\\nmake about members receiving titles?\\nNo title of nobility shall be granted by\\nthe United States, and no person holding\\nany office of profit or trust under them\\nshall without the consent of Congress, ac-\\ncept of any present, emolument, office or\\ntitle of any kind whatever from any King,\\nPrince or foreign State.\\nEach member and Delegate is entitled\\nto a clerk, during the sessions of Congress,\\nwho is paid out of the contingent fund.\\nThe amount for clerk hire must not exceed\\n$100 a month.\\nAfter the organization and the commit-\\ntees appointed, they then being ready for\\nbusiness, how is it introduced?\\nUsually by the presentation of bills.", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "n EASY LKSSONB IN CIVIL GOVERNMEHTv\\nWhat is a bill?\\nA form or draft of a law presented.\\nWhat Ib a preamble?\\nIf there is a preamble^ it is the introduce\\ntory part of the document, which states\\nthe intents and reasons of the same.\\nWhat is a memorial?\\nA representation of the facts presented\\nto the Legislature for some othei body, us-\\nually accompanied by a petition.\\nHow is a bill headed?\\nThe style and title such as An act mak*\\ning appropriations ^^-for the year ending\\nJuly^ is used.\\nWhat else in the form of heading?\\nAlways, Be it enacted hj the Senate\\nand the House of Kepresentatives of the\\nUnited States of America in Congress as*\\nsembled\\nWhen is a bill voted on?\\nIt can be referred to the proper commit\\ntee after the first reading, amended at the\\nBecond and voted on after the third. Af*\\nter the third reading the bill cannot be\\namended but can be debated.\\nWhat is then done?\\nThe vote is taken. If carried by a ma^\\nJority it passes. Only after a bill is passed\\nis the title subject to amendments and\\nthat without debate.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "EASY LES SONS IN CIVIL GOVERN-MENT. 29\\nWhat is done with a bill after it passes?\\nThe engrossed bill, certified to by the\\n(^lerk is then carried by the Clerk of the\\nlioiise to the Secretary of the Senate, where\\nthe bill is presented with a message re-\\nquesting concurrence.\\nIf the bill passes the Senate, what is\\nthen clone with it?\\nIf it passes both houses, it is enrolled on\\nparchment under the direction of the Clerk\\nor Secretary of the House in which it ori-\\nginated ancl is then signed by the Speaker\\nof the House and President of the Senate.\\nIt is then taken to the President at the\\nExecutive Mansion by the Clerk or some\\nmember of the enrolling committee to be\\nsigned. The date when presented is on the\\nbill.\\nIf the President approves the bill what\\ndoes he do?\\nHe v-rites the word ^approved on the\\nbill and it becomes a law. It is then depos-\\nited in the state department.\\nIf the President does not approve the\\nmeasure v 4iat does he do?\\nVetoes it. That is he returns the bill to\\nthe house in which it originated and upon\\nit he states his objections, and these ob-\\njections must be entered at length on its\\njournal.\\nCan a bill ever become a law over the", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "30 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\npresident s veto?\\nIt can be reconsidered and if two-thirds\\nof the members favor it and it is thus car-\\nried in both houses, it becomes a law even\\nover the President s veto.\\nCan a bill become a law without the\\nPresident s signature?\\n^^es. If a bill is presented to him and\\nhe does not sign and return it within ten\\ndays, (Sundays excepted) it becomes a law,\\nthe same as though he had signed it. The\\nWilson Tariff bill was not signed by the\\nPresident (Cleveland) but became a law\\\\\\nIf Congress adjourned and the Presi-\\ndent has not signed or returned the bills\\npresented to him, what becomes of them?\\nThey fail to become a law. This has\\nbeen termed a ^^pocket veto.\\nWhat President first practiced the\\n^^pocket veto privilege?\\nJackson in 1829.\\nWhat does the v/ord veto mean?\\nIt is a latin word meaning I forbid.\\nIn what house must bills for raising rev-\\nenue ^^originate?\\nIn the House of Representatives, but the\\nSenate may propose amendments.\\nWhich House can impeach?\\nThe House of Representatives has the\\nsole power of impeachment and the Senate", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 31\\nthe sole power to try impeachments.\\nWhat rules of order govern both House^^\\nof Congress?\\nJefferson s Manual. Outside of thiB\\neach house has special rules of its own.\\nWho reads the President s message?\\nThe Clerk.\\nWhat are the modes of voting in the\\nHouse of Representatives?\\nBy viva voce vote, by teller vote, by bal-\\nlot and by the yeas and nays.\\nWhat is the teller vote?\\nIf the chair in deciding a viva voce vote\\nis doubted he asks the members to rise and\\nbe counted, and if this is doubted he ap-\\npoints two tellers. These tellers, or count-\\ners, are stationed in front of the Speaker s\\ndesk, and the voting members pass between\\nthe tellers, and are counted and the re-\\nsult announced to the Speaker.\\nWhat is the yea and nay vote?\\nThe recorded vote. The Clerk calls the\\nroll and each voter is recorded yea or\\nnay.\\nHow is the vote in the House of Com-\\nmons taken?\\nThe members go into the lobbv. where\\ntliev are counted.", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "82 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\n^A maii^s love for his native land lies\\ndeeper thaa any logical expression among\\nthe pulses of the heart which vibrate to\\nthe sanctities of home and to the thoughts\\nwhich leap up from his father s grave.\\nChapin.\\nTHE SENATE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Name three functions\\nof the Senate.\\nLegislative, executive and judicial.\\nWhat are the legislative functions?\\nTo make laws with the house of repre-\\nsentatives.\\nWhat are its executive functions?\\nTo approve or disapprove the Presi-\\ndent s nominations of federal officers, such\\nas judges, ministers and ambassadors; also\\noftreaties made by the President.\\nWhat are its judicial functions?\\nTo try cases of impeachment ^referred\\nby the house of representatives.\\nHow are the senators elected?\\nBy the state legislature for a term of six\\n\\\\(^ars. They are elected by a majority of\\nboth houses.\\nWho signs the senators certificates?\\nThe governor, under the seal of the state,\\nand the president of the senate. It is also\\nsigned by the secretary of state.\\nDo all the senators terms expire at the", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "EASY LEStSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 3^\\nsame time?\\nNo. The constitution provides that one-\\nthird of the senators shall be elected every\\ntwo years, and no state shall elect both of\\nits senators at the same time.\\nIn case of vacancy how is the office filled?\\nIf a vacancy occurs during the recess of\\nthe legislature, the governor makes the ap-\\npointment until the legislature meets, and\\nthen they fill the vacancy.\\nHow long does a senator appointed to fill\\na vacancy hold his seat?\\nUntil the next session of the legislature\\nelects a successor.\\nIf the state legislature fails to elect a\\nsenator, having had an opportunity, can\\nthe governor fill such vacancies?\\nNo.\\nAt what age is a person eligible to the\\noffice as senator?\\nThirty years, and must have been a citi-\\nzen of the United States nine years.\\nHow^ many senators has each state?\\nTwo.\\nHow many senators in all have we?\\nNinety. (1897.)\\nWhen does a term begin?\\nOn the fourth of March, on the expiration\\nof the term of his predecessor.\\nWhat salary does a senator receive?\\n$5,000 per annum. He also receives, for", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "^4 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nexpenses, mileage at the rate of twenty\\ncents a mile traveling to and from congress\\nand one hundred and twenty-five dollars\\nfor stationery, paid from the national treas-\\nm^y.\\nWho presides in the senate?\\nThe vice president of the United States,\\nby virtue of his oflflce, is president of the\\nsenate. If the vice president is unable to\\npreside, the senate chooses one of its mem-\\nbers to ble president pro tempore.\\nDoes the senate organize in the same\\nmanner as the house?\\nNot exactly. The senate chooses its new\\noJBficers at the beginning of the new con-\\ngress such as secretary, clerks, sergeant-\\nat-arms, pages, etc.\\nIf the vice president is not present at the\\nopening of the new congress who presides?\\nThe secretary, until the president pro\\ntempore is elected.\\nIs the vice president a member of the\\nsenate?\\nNo; and he can only vote when the senate\\nis equally divided; when he gives the cast-\\ning vote.\\nHas the president of the senate the same\\nprivilege as the speaker of the house in ap-\\npointing committees?\\nNo; as he is not a member of the senate.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "EASY l^ESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 35\\nthe committees are elected by ballot by the\\nmembers.\\nWho administers the oath of office to the\\nsenators?\\nThe president of the senate.\\nWhat is the oath?\\nThe same as that taken by the represen*\\ntatives.\\nWhat are the duties of the secretary of\\nthe senate?\\nSimilar to those of the clerk of the house\\nas to the business brought before the sen-\\nate.\\nHow are the senators paid?\\nBy the secretary of the senate. The sei^-\\nretaryj as the disbursing officer of the sen-\\nate, must, within thirty days after election,\\ngive a bond to the Unite States, with secur-\\nities to be approved by the first comptroller\\nof the treasury, for twenty thousand dol-\\nlars.\\nHow are bills passed in the senate?\\nThe routine business of the senate in\\npresenting and passing bills is similar to\\nthat of the house.\\nIs the previous question used in the sen-\\nate?\\nNo, it is not used in the senate, but it is\\nin the house.\\nThe president of the senate appoints", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "36 EASY DBSSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthree senators on the board of regents of\\nthe Smithsonian institution; also, other na-\\ntional institutions are represented by sen-\\nators.\\nWho presides over the senate in case the\\npresident of the United States is im-\\npeached?\\nThe chief justice of the supreme court of\\nthe United States.", "height": "4133", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 37\\nSigns of nobleness, like stars, shall\\nshine on all deserved/ Macbeth, 1:4.\\nEXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.\\nWho is the Executive officer of the Fed-\\neral Government?\\nArt. II of the Constitution reads: The\\nexecutive power shall be vested in a Pres-\\nident of the United States of America.\\nWho is our President?\\nWilliam McKinley of Ohio. (1897.)\\nWhat are the qualifications of a Presi-\\ndent?\\nHe must be thirty-five years of age a na-\\ntive born citizen and a resident of the\\nUnited States fourteen years.\\nFor how long is he elected?\\nFour years is a term and he may be re-\\nelected.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\n$50,000 a year.\\nHas this always been the salary of the\\nPresident?\\nNo. In 1873 it was increased from $25,-\\n000 to $50,000,\\nHow is the President elected?\\nBy the people through the electors.\\n(See Electoral College.)", "height": "4082", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "IS EASY LESSONS IN CIYIL GOVERNMENT,\\nWhen does his term of office begin?\\nOn the fourth of March following his\\nelection.\\nWho administers the^ath of office to the\\nPresident on inauguration day?\\nThe Chief Justice of the United States-\\nWhere does he gwe his inaugural ad-\\ndress?\\nOn the eastern steps of the Capitol.\\nWhat is the oath?\\nI do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I\\nwill faithfully execute the office of Presi-\\ndent of the United States and will, to the\\nbest of my ability, preserve, protect, and\\ndefend the constitution, of the United\\nStates.\\nAfter a bill has passed and becomes a\\nlaw, what is the duty of the President?\\n^He shall take care that the law is faith-\\nfully executed.\\nIn case the President dies or the office\\nbecomes vacant, who becomes President?\\nThe Vice-President fills the unexpired\\nterm.\\nHave both offices ever been vacant at the\\nsame time?\\nNo.\\nHow many Presidents have died while\\nin office?\\nFour; Harrison, Taylor, Lincoln and Gar-", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 30\\nfield.\\nName the order in which the office of\\nPresident is filled if vacant by removal or\\ndeath?\\nBy the Vice-President, and then by the\\nCabinet officers in the following order:\\nSecretarj^ of State, Treasurer, Secretary of\\nWar, Attorne}^ General, Postmaster Gen-\\neral, Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of\\nthe Interior.\\nWhat are some of the powders granted\\nthe President?\\n^^He shall have pov/er to nominate, and\\nby and vrith the advice and consent of the\\nSenate shall appoint ambassadors, other\\npublic ministers and consuls, judges of the\\nsupreme court, and all other officers of the\\nU. S. whose appointments are not other-\\nwise provided for, and w4iich shall be es-\\ntablished by law.\\n^^ITe shall have power to fill all vacan-\\ncies that may happen during the recess of\\nthe Senate by granting commissions, which\\nshall expire at the end of the next session.\\nThe President is Commander-in-Ohief of\\ntlie army and navy and the militia of the\\nseveral states when called into national\\nservice.\\nlie has power to grant reprieves and\\npardon for offences against the United\\nstates, except in cases of impeachment,", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "40 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nwith the consent of the Senate.\\nHe has power to make treaties with for-\\neign countries with the consent of the Sen-\\nate\\nHe has power to call extra sessions of\\nCongress.\\nHe appoints all the Cabinet officers.\\nHe gives to Congress from time to time\\ninformation concerning the state of the\\nUnion. All orders, resolutions or acts\\npassing both houses must be presented to\\nthe President and he has the privilege of\\nsigning or not.\\nIn order that the President may be able\\nto carry out all laws passed in Congress,\\nhe has the privilege of appointing sub-\\nordinate officers, the principal ones being\\ncalled the Cabinet officers.\\nVICE-PKESIDENT.\\nWho is our Vice-President?\\nGarret Hobart of New Jersey. (1897.)\\nWhat are the qualifications of a Vice-\\nPresident?\\nThe same as the President.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\n18,000 a year.\\nWho administers the oath of office to the\\nVice-President?\\nThe retiring Vice-President in the pres-", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN diVIL GOVERNMENT. 41\\nence of CongTess, on March 4th. He takes\\nthe oath of office before the President is\\nsworn.\\nWhat does the Vice-President do as soon\\nas he has taken the oath?\\nAfter prayer by the Chaplain he requests\\nthe new Senators to come forward and take\\nthe oath of office.\\nHow many Vice-Presidents have been\\ncalled upon to finish out the presidential\\nterm?\\nP^ our.\\nWho were they?\\nJohn Tyler, 1841; Millard Fillmore, 18-\\n50; Andrew Johnson, 1865; Chester A. Ar-\\nthur, 1881.\\nTHE ELECTOPvAL COLLEGE.\\nAre the Presidents and Vice-Presidents\\nelected by the direct vote of the r eople?\\nNo.\\nHow are they elected?\\nBy electors, elected by the people.\\nHow are these electors elected?\\nIn every Presidential ele :*tion, or what is\\ncalled Presidential election, each state\\nelects as many electors as they have Sena-\\ntors and Eepresentatives in Congress and\\neach elector has one vote. For instance,\\nOhio has twenty-one Representatives and", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "42 EASY LE,g;SONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ntwo Senators in Congress therefore is en-\\ntitled to twentj^-three electors.\\nTo how many electors are the different\\nStates entitled?\\nAlabama 11 Nebraska 8\\nArkansas 8 Nevada 3\\nCalifornia 9 New Hampshire 4\\nColorado 4 New^ Jersey 10\\nConnecticut 6 New York 3(5\\nDelaware 3 North Carolina 11\\nFlorida 4 South Carolina 9\\nGeorgia 13 North Dakota 3\\nIdaho 3 Ohio 23\\nIndiana 15 Oregon 4\\nIllinois 24 penPtSylvania 32\\nIowa 13 Ehode^ Island 4\\nKansas 10 South Dakota 4\\nKentucky 13 Tennessee 12\\nLouisiana 8 Texas 15\\nMaine G Utah 3\\nMaryland 8 Vermont 4\\nMassachusetts .15 Virginia 12\\nMi(higan 14 Washington 4\\nMinnesota 9 West Virginia\\nMississippi 9 Wisconsin 12\\nMissouri 17 Wyoming 3\\nMontana 3\\nIs the Electoral College a permanent\\nbody?\\nNo, they are elected every four years and\\nserve only in the casting of tlieir bollots", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "EASV LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 43\\nfor the President and Vice-President.\\nWhen does this election take place?\\nThe first Tuesday after the first Monday\\nin November of every fourth year. This is\\nthe same in all states.\\nCan a Sienator, Kepresentative or any\\nperson holdiuj; a position in the general\\ngovernment, serve as a presidential elect-\\nor?\\nNo.\\nWhere do the Electors meet to cast their\\nballots?\\nEach state s electors meet at their res-\\npective capitols.\\nWhen does this meetino; take place?\\nAlways in each state the second Mondav\\nin January. All of the Electors meet at\\nthe same time.\\nWhat is their order of conducting tiie\\nElectoral College?\\nThe College is organized, each elector\\ntakes the oath of oflice. The Electors then\\nvote for President and Vice-President.\\nThese votes are counted by tellers, when\\nthe vote has been co anted, three separate\\nlists are made of all the persons voted for\\nas President and Vice-President and ho v\\nmany votes each received. These lists are\\nsealed, signed and certified to by all th(*\\nElectors.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "44 EASY LBSSONiS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat becomes of these three lists?\\nOne is sent by mail, and one is sent by\\na special messenger to the president of the\\nUnited States Senate, and the third one\\nis taken by a messenger and deposited with\\nthe United States District Court Judge of\\nthe district in which the Electors meet.\\nHow^ are the messengers elected\\nBy lot in the College.\\nAre the Electors paid a salary?\\nNo. But their expenses are paid by the\\nstate.\\nWhy are three copies made?\\nIn order to preserve the record and to\\nprovide against accident.\\nWhat if the copies should fail to reach\\nthe president of the Senate?\\nThe Secretary of the State is notified and\\nhe sends a messenger to procure the copy\\ndeposited with the District Judge.\\nWhen are these votes counted in Con-\\ngress?\\nThe second Wednesday of February\\nwhen the members of both houses meet in\\nthe House of Representatives at 1 p. m.\\nWho presides?\\nThe president of the Senate.\\nThe sealed envelopes are then opened bj\\nthe president of the Senate, As these are", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 45\\nopened all the certificates and papers pur-\\nporting to be certificates of the Electoral\\nvotes are acted upon in alphabetical order\\nof the States, and are handed to the four\\ntellers (two from each house), and read\\naloud. A list is made of the votes cast by\\neach state and the result announced.\\nThe person voted for as President hav-\\ning the highest number of votes and a ma-\\njority of all votes cast is elected.\\nThe Vice-President is elected in the\\nsame way.\\nSuppose no one received a majority of\\nthe votes cast?\\nThere would be no election.\\nIn case of no election what would be\\ndone?\\nThe House would then elect the Presi-\\ndent and the Senate the Vice-President.\\nWhy naturally would the House elect\\nthe President and the Sjenate the Vice-\\nPresident?\\nThe President represents the nation and\\nelected indirectly by the people, next to\\nthe Electoral College, would be the Repre-\\nsentatives, who had been elected directly\\nby the people. As the Vice-President is\\nthe President of the Senate, if there is no\\nelection in the College the Senate would\\nnaturally elect their own president.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "46 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow does this election for President pro*\\nceed?\\nThe House takes three persons who had\\nreceived the highest number of votes in the\\nElectoral OoUege and proceeds to ballot.\\nThe votes are taken by States and the rep-\\nresentation from each State has one vote.\\nA quorum for this purpose consists of a\\nmember or members each from two thirds\\nof all the states.\\nWhat vote in the House would then\\nelect?\\nA majority of all the States.\\nWhat would be done if the House failed\\nto elect before the fourth of March?\\nThe Vice-President would act as Presi-\\ndent until one was elected.\\nHow many Presidents have been elected\\nby the House?\\nTwo. Thomas Jefferson and John\\nQuincy Adams.\\nIn 1801 when the Electoral votes were\\ncounted, Jefferson and Burr on the Eepub-\\nlican ticket each received 73 votes, a tie;\\nJohn Adams 65 and Charles Pickney 65.\\nAs there was no election, the election was\\nthrown into the House, which elected\\nThomas Jefferson.\\nIn 1825 the candidates in the Electoral\\nCollege received: Andrew Jackson 99; John", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "EiASY LESSONS IN OIVIL GOVERNMENT. 47\\nQuincy Adams, S4; William CraAvford, 42\\nvotes. There being no election the House\\nelected John Quincj Adams, although he\\ndid not receive the highest ot^ in Ihe\\nElectoral College.\\nIs the Electoral College the same today\\nthat it was when the first President was\\nelected?\\nNo. The electoral votes did not state\\nwhether the candidates named in them\\nwere candidates for the presidency or the\\nvice-presidency. Each Elector in the Col-\\nlege wrote two name^s. In the official\\ncount the candidate having the highest\\nnumber of votes, providing he had a ma-\\njority of all votes cast, would be declared\\nPresident, and the candidate receiving the\\nnext highest w^as declared Vice-President.\\nThis caused a good deal of dissatisfaction;\\nso, in 1804 the 12th amendment was made\\nto the Constitution, which gives us our\\npresent system.\\nWhat Vice-President was elected by the ,^Lj^\\nSenate?\\nKichard M. Johnson in 1837,\\nHow many electoral votes did Washing-\\nton receive?\\nSixty-nine.\\nHow many states voted for him?\\nAll but New^ York, Ehode Island and\\nNorth Carolina-", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "48 EASY DESiBONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nMEMBERS OF THE CABINET.\\nWho appoints the Cabinet?\\nThe President, and the Senate eonflrms*\\nName the departments and when estab-\\nlished?\\nThe department of State, July 27, 1789.\\nThe department of War, Augj 7, 1789.\\nThe Treasury department, Sept. 2, 1789.\\nThe Post-ofQce department. May 8, 1794.\\nThe department of the Navy, April 30,\\n1798.\\nThe department of the Interior, March\\n3, 1849.\\nThe department of Justice first in 1789;\\nthen June 22, 1870.\\nThe department of Agriculture, Febru-\\nary 12th, 1889.\\nWhat is the salary of a Cabinet officer?\\n^8,000 a year. The Cabinet officers are\\nconsidered an advisory board and each\\nstands at the head of a department.\\nTHE SECRETARY OF STATE. Who\\nwas the first Secretary of State?\\nThomas Jefferson.\\nWhat are the duties of the Secretary of\\nState?\\nHe has charge of Foreign affairs and is\\nthe only officer who has the authority to", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "EASY LEiSSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 49\\ncommunicate with other governments in\\nthe name of the President of the United\\nStates. He attends to the correspondence\\nwith the public ministers and consuls of\\nthe United States, giving them instructions\\nabroad and takes a leading part in the ne-\\ngotiations of Treaties. He keeps the na-\\ntional archives, superintends the publica-\\ntion of laws, treaties, presidential mes-\\nsages, etc., and the proclamation declaim-\\ning the admission of new states into the\\nUnion. Be is the keeper of the great seal\\nof the United States, and affixes it to all\\nofficial papers. He must keep Congress in-\\nformed as to the relations between foreign\\ncountries and our own.\\nSECRETAEY OP THE TREASURY,\\nWho was the first Secretary of the Treas-\\nury?\\nAlexander Hamilton.\\nWhat are the duties of the Secretary?\\nHe looks after the financial interests of\\nour country, suggests plans for creating\\nrevenue, and maintaining the credit of the\\nUnited States. He superintends the col-\\nlection o(f thei revenue. He grants war-\\nrants for all money drawn from the Treas-\\nury, in accordance with the appropriations\\nmade from time to time by Congress.\\nHe superintends the coinage, en^graving", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "50 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nand printing of money, the National Banks,,\\nthe custom house, coast survey and light\\nhouse system, the marine hospitals and life\\nsaving service and is the supervising in-\\nspector-general of steam boats.\\nHe also looks after and pays the interest\\non the national debt.\\nThough there are many in the Treasury\\ndepartment to carry out the work such as\\nSecretaries, Auditors, a Eegister, a Comp-\\ntroller, Clerk, etc., the Secretary of the\\nTreasury has a general supervision over it\\nall.\\nThrough this department all money due\\nthe Government is received.\\nThe Treasurer has in charge the receiv-\\ni^*^ and disbursement of all public moneys\\nt are deposited in the Treasury at\\nshington and the subtreasurer at Bos-\\nNew York, Baltimore, Philadelphia*\\nNew Orleans, San Francisco, St. Louis^\\nChicago and Cincinnati; also,, the National\\nBank United States depositories; is trustee\\nfor the bonds held to secure national bank\\ncirculation and public deposits in national\\nbanks, etc.\\nWhat are some of the duties of a Eegis-\\nter?\\nHe keeps an account of all receipts and\\nexpenditures of the Government except\\nthose belonging to the Postoffice depart-", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "EAST LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 51\\nment. He signs and issues all bonds of\\nthe United States: his name is upon bonds\\nand United States notes: his books at any\\ntime must show the linancial condition of\\nthe government.\\nWhat are some of the duties of the Comp-\\ntroller of the Treasury?\\nHe is required to give his decision upon\\nthe Yalidit,y of a payment to be made, to\\napprove, disapprove or modify all decisions\\nof the Auditors.\\nThe Comptroller passes upon the suffic-\\niency of authorities to indorse drafts and\\nreceive and receipt for mxOney from the gov-\\nternment and upon the evidence ]3resented\\nin application for duplicates of lost or de-\\nstroyed U. S. bonds, drafts, checks, etc.\\nThe Comptroller of Currency has charge\\nof the national banking system to see that\\nthe law is complied with in organizing and\\ncarrying on national banks. He sees that\\nnational bank accounts are examined by\\n^^ents and makes regular reports.\\nHe has charge of printing bank notes and\\ndelivering the same.\\nHow many Auditors of the Treasury de-\\npartment\\nThe business of the entire Treasury de-\\njartmont is audited by six auditors.\\nWhat are the duties of the Director of\\n.:it?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "52 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHe lias the supervision of all mints and\\nassay officers in the U. S. and receives for\\nadjustment the accounts of the mints and\\nassay offices, etc. He tests the weights and\\nfineness of coins, etc.\\nWhat other departments of the Treasury-\\nbesides these already given?\\nA Commissioner of Internal Revenue, who\\nsuperintends the collection of duties and\\ntaxes levied by Congress.\\nA Solicitor of the Treasury who looks\\nafter the attempted frauds of the custom\\nrevenue. As law officer of the Treasury de-\\npartment many matters are referred to him\\nunder the customs, navigation, banking\\nand registration laws.\\nWhat is the purpose of the Bureau of\\nPrinting and Engraving?\\nIt is where engraving and printing de-\\nsigns for the government are made, such\\nas United States notes, bonds and certi\\nflcates, national bank notes, internal rev-\\nenue and custom stamps, treasury drafts\\nand checks, disbursing officers^ checks, li-\\ncences, commisions, patent and pension\\ncertificates, etc., etc.\\nWhat is the purpose of the Bureau of\\nStatistics?\\nIt is wheiie reports of trade and com-\\nmerce of the country are kept.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "EASY LESiSONS IN CIVIL GOVRRNMENT. 53\\nWhat do the scales on the seal of the\\n\\\\J. S. Treasury rej^resent?\\nThey represent justice, the key secur-\\nity, and the rule exactness.\\nTHE SECRETARY OF WAR. Who\\nwas the first Secretary of War?\\nHenry Knox of Kentucky,\\nWhat are the duties of the Secretary of\\nWar?\\nHe has charge of the military afflairs of\\nthe country; carries out the orders of the\\nPresident concerning the military service;\\nhas supervision of all the estimates for ap-\\npropriations for the expenses of the depart-\\nment; purchases army supplies and attends\\nto the transportation of armies.\\nHe, also, has supervision of the military\\nacademy at West Point; also, the National\\nCemeteries.\\nTHE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY.\\nWhat are the duties of the Secretary of the\\nNavy?\\nUnder the directions of the President of\\nthe United States, he has general supervis-\\nion of the navy department, such as con-\\nstructing, manning and equipping vessels\\nof war?\\nHow many divisions in the department?\\nThere are eight departments under the\\nheads of bureaus. Bureaus of yards and", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "54 EASY LEfSiSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ndocks; equipments and recruiting; naviga-\\ntion; ordnance; construction, and repair;\\nsteam engineering; provisions and cloth-\\ning; medicine and surgery.\\nThe Naval Observatory at Washington\\nis under the direction of the Secretary of\\nthe Navy.\\nTHE ATTOENEY GENERAL,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What\\nare the duties of the Attorney General?\\nHe is the legal advisor and is at the head\\nof the Department of Justice. He has the\\ngeneral superintendency of the United\\nStates attorneys and marshals in all the\\nJudicial districts in the States and Terri-\\ntories. He represents the United States in\\nall suits at law with the government; he\\ngives his advice and opinion when asked\\nby the head of any department or by the\\nPresident. He examines titles to lands for\\nthe erection of public buildings, etc.\\nWho was the first Attorney General un-\\nder Washington?\\nEdmund Randolph of Virginia.\\nTHE SECRETARY OF THE INTE-\\nRIOR.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What are his duties?\\nHe has general supervision of public bus^\\niness relating to patents for inventions;\\npensions and bounty lands; the public land\\nand surveys; the Indians; education; rail-", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 55\\nroad; geographical survey; the census; the\\nHot Springs reservation in Arkansas; Yel-\\nlow Stone national park in Wj^oming; and\\nthe Yosemite, Sequoia and General Grant\\nparks in California; the distribution of ap-\\npropriations for agricultural and mechani-\\ncal policies in the states and territories, etc.\\nTHE POST MASTER GENERAL.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWho v ^as the first Post Master General?\\nSamuel Osgood of Massachusetts, ap-\\npointed in 1789.\\nWhat are the duties of the Post Master\\nGeneral?\\nHe has full direction and management of\\nthe Post Office department.\\nWho appoints the four Assistant Post\\nMaster Generals?\\nThe President with the consent of the\\nSenate. The Post Master General ap-\\npoints all other officers and employes arid\\nall post masters whose compensations do\\nnot exceed |1,000. All others are appoint-\\ned by the President and Senate. The Sec-\\nretary controls the style of postage stamps\\nand envelopes made by the government.\\nPrescribes the rules and regulations for the\\nentire postal system.\\nWith the consent of the President the\\nPost Master General makes postal treaties\\nwith foreign governments.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "56 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat are some of the postal laws?\\nNo post office can be kept in a bar room.\\nEvery letter carrier must give bonds with\\nsecurity to be approved by the Post Mas-\\nter General for the safe delivery of mail.\\nLetter Carriers are approved by the Post\\nMaster General upon the recommendations\\nof the Post Master. The Post Master Gen-\\neral may prescribe a uniform dress to be\\nworn by letter carriers, and anyone\\nwearing this uniform not connected with\\nthe postal service is liable to a fine of not\\nmore than |100. or imprisonment of six\\nmonths or both.\\nSPECIAL DELIVEEY SERVICE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWhat are post roads?\\nThey are thoroughfares by land or water\\nover which mail travels. Mails must go on\\nthe fastest trains. Railroads carry mail by\\nweight so much for every hundred pounds\\nThere are four classes of mail. First class\\ncontains written matter. Second class pe-\\nriodical publications. Third class miscel-\\nlaneous printed matter. Fourth class mer-\\nchandise. Postal cards cannot be issued\\nby private parties.\\nWhat are the mail rates?\\nThe letter rate is two cents for every\\nounce or fraction of an ounce. Periodicals,\\nmagazines, etc., are one cent a pound when", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "EASY LE.SSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 57\\nsent from a I egistered publishing house or\\nnews agency, otherwise they are one cent\\nfor four ounces. Books are one cent for\\nevery two ounces or fraction of an ounce.\\nMerchandise is one cent an ounce, limited\\nto four pound packages. Circulars and\\nprinted matter in an unsealed envelope are\\none cent for two ounces.\\nSECEETAEY OF AGRICULTURE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe Secretar-y of Agriculture has charge of\\nwhat business?\\nOf all public business pertaining to the\\nagricultural industry. He has supervision\\nover all agricultural experiment stations,\\nthat are supported by the government. He\\nsuperintends the gathering and printing of\\nall agricultural statistics and the distribu-\\ntion of valuable seeds, etc., for experiment\\nand improvement of production. The\\nweather bureau since 1891 has been under\\nthis department. The Assistant Secretary\\nof Agriculture and Clerk of the Weather\\nBureau are appointed by the President.\\nNAME THE PRESENT CABINET OFFI-\\nCERS, TERM, 1897 to 1901.\\nSecretarv of State, Hon. John Sherman\\nof Ohio.\\nSecretary of the Treasury, Hon. Lyman\\nJ. Gage of Illinois.\\nSeorotary of War, Gen, R. A. Alger of", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "58 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nMichigan.\\nSecretary of the Navy, lion John D. Long\\nof Massachusetts.\\nAttorney General, Hon. John W. Griggs\\nof New Jersey.\\nSecretary of the Interior, Hon. C. N. Bliss\\nof New York.\\nPost Master General, Hon. James A.\\nGary of Maryland.\\nSecretary of Agriculture, Hon. James\\nWilson of Iowa.\\nDIPLOMATIC SERVICE.\\nWho has charge of the Diplomatic Ser-\\nvice of the United States?\\nThe Secretary of State.\\nHow^ are our interests represented in for-\\neign countries?\\nBy Ambassadors,Envoys Extraordinary,\\nMninisters Plenipotentiary, Ministers Res-\\nident, Consuls-General, Consuls, and Com-\\nmercial Agents.\\nllov/ are they appointed?\\nBy the President.\\nWhat is meant by Ambassador?\\nAn Ambassador is a diplomatic agent of\\nthe highest rank, employed to represent of-\\nficially a sovereign nation at a foreign\\ncourt.\\nVv liat countries are represented by U. S.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 59\\nAmbassadors?\\nGreat Britain, France, Germany and\\nItaly.\\nWhat are Envoys Extraordinary and\\nMinisters Plenipotentiary?\\nIn diplomacy that is the full title of Min-\\nisters of the second grade resident in a for-\\neign country, next in dignity to an ambas-\\nsador. They act as the agents for commu-\\nnication and the transaction of business be-\\ntween the two governments.\\nWhat country sent the first di^^lomatic\\nrepresentative to this country?\\nFrance in 1778.\\nThe whole consular service is the great\\nfactor in looking after our entire foreign\\naffairs. We have more than twelve hun-\\ndred persons connected with our govern-\\nment, located in the important cities and\\ntowns of the w^orld.\\nIn how many countries are we represent-\\ned?\\nForty-three.\\nHow many countries are represented in\\nthis country?\\nThirty-nine.\\nHow are they supported?\\nBy a salary paid by the country sending\\nthem.\\nHow are thev recognized in the country", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "60 EASY LEBSONS IN CIVIL aOVERNMENT.\\nto Avliicli they are sent?\\nThey are known by their credential 35.\\nThese credentials of foreign ministers are\\npresented to the Secretary of State and ex-\\namined.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "DASy LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 61\\nJUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.\\nWhat is meant by the Judicial Depart-\\nment?\\nThe Cfemstitution says: ^^The Judicial\\npower of the United States shall be vested\\nin one Supreme Court, and in such inferior\\ncourts as the Con.2:ress may from time to\\ntime, ordain or establish/\\nHow are Federal Courts divided?\\nInto three classes.\\nThe Supreme Court, the Circuit Court,\\nand the District Court.\\nWhen was the first Supreme Court held?\\nIn 1790 in New York.\\nHow many members of the Supreme\\nCourt?\\nNine. Each Judge is also presiding\\njudge of a circuit court.\\nHow many in the original Supreme\\nCourt?\\nSix.\\nHow are they appointed?\\nBy the President and confirmed by the\\nSenate.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "62 EASY LEiSSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow long do the judges of both the Su-\\npreme and Circuit Courts hold office?\\nFor life or during good behavior. The\\nJudges of the Federal Courts can only be\\nremoved by impeachment and conviction\\nby the Senate.\\nIf a Judge has attained the age of seven-\\nty-five years and has served two consecu-\\ntive years he may retire on full pay.\\nWhat salary do the Judges of the Su-\\npreme Court receive?\\n110,500 for the Chief Justice and the As-\\nsociate Judges 110,000, each, per year.\\ny/hat are the powers of the Supreme\\nCourt?\\nSee Constitution.\\nWhen does the Supreme Court meet?\\nAt Washington in the Capitol in a cham-\\nber formerly occupied by the Senate. The\\nsession convenes the second Monday in Oc-\\ntober and continues until July of every\\nyear. The justices all wear black gowns\\nand are the only public officers who use\\nany official dress.\\nHow many constitute a quorum to ren-\\nder a court decision?\\nSix.\\nIn any case given to the Supreme Court\\nof the United States, is the decision final?\\nYes. Every case is discussed bv the", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 63\\nwhole bodj^ twice, once to get the opinion\\nof the majority and then to tal^e final ac-\\ntion.\\nliovv^ many Circuit Courts have we?\\nNine. Each presiding Judge is assisted\\nby special circuit judges. These courts are\\nheld annually. We have now 72 District\\nCourts, 9 Circuit Courts, 9 Appellate Courts\\nthe Court of the District of Columbia, Terri-\\ntorial Courts, the Court of Claims, and Con-\\nsular Courts.\\nHow are the District Courts, Circuit\\nCourts and Courts of Appeals regulated?\\nBy Congress. These Ctourts are estab-\\nlished to relieve the Supreme Court.\\nWhat states are classed together in the\\nnine circuit courts?\\nThe first Judicial Circuit: the districts of\\nMaine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts,\\nEhode Island; Justice Grey.\\nThe second Judicial Circuit: the districts\\nof Vermont, New York, Connecticut; Jus-\\ntice Peckham.\\nThe third Judicial Circuit: the districts\\nof Nevr Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware:\\nJustice Shiras.\\nThe fourth Judicial Circuit: the districts\\nof Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia,\\nNorth Carolina, Soutli Carolina; Chief Jus-\\ntice Fuller.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "64 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe fifth Judicial Circuit: The districts\\nof Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,\\nLouisiana, Texas; Justice White.\\nThe sixth Judicial Circuit: The districts\\nof Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee;\\nJustice Brown.\\nThe seventh Judicial Circuit: The dis\\ntricts of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin; Jus-\\ntice Harlan.\\nThe eighth Judicial Circuit: The dis-\\ntricts of Minnesota, North Dakota, South\\nDakota, Wyoming, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas,\\nNebraska, Colorado; Justice Brewer.\\nThe ninth Judicial Circuit: The dis-\\ntricts of California, Montana, Washington\\nOregon, Nevada; Justice McKenna.\\nThe Circuit Courts sit in the several dis-\\ntricts of each circuit, successively and the\\nlaw requires that each Justice of the Su-\\npreme Court shall sit in each district of\\nhis circuit at least once in every two years.\\nAre there other circuit Judges appoint-\\ned?\\nYes, two or more for each circuit.\\nAt what salary?\\n$6,000, each.\\nWho, by virtue of his office, is presiding\\nJudge of th Circuit Court?\\nOne of the Justices of the Supreme\\nCourt.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN OIVIL GOVERNMENT. 65\\nThe Circuit Court may be held by the\\nCircuit Judge alone, or by the Supreme\\nCourt Circuit Judge alone, or by both to-\\ngether, or by either sitting alone with the\\nDistrict Judae of the District Court.\\nWhat are the District Courts?\\nThey are the third and lowest of the\\nFederal Tribunals.\\nHow many Judicial Districts have we?\\nSeventy-two. Each state is entitled to\\nat least one district.\\nHow many District Judges are there?\\nSixty-three. Some of the Judges must\\npreside over two districts.\\nEach district also has its District Attor-\\nney.\\nWhat are the duties of a District Attor-\\nney?\\nTo prosecute offenders against Federal\\nlaws and to conduct civil cases in which\\nthe government is either defendant or\\nplaintiff.\\nThe District Attorney is the United\\nStates law officer for that District.\\nThe Court of Claims meets in Washing-\\nton and decides what claims against the\\nUnited States should be paid.\\nWhat salary do the Judges of the Court\\nof Claims receive?\\n|4,500 a year each.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "66 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat salary do the District Judges re-\\nceive?\\n15,000, each.\\nHow are the United States commission-\\ners appointed.\\nBy the Circuit Judges.\\nEach of the seventy-two districts have\\na District Marshal and a District Attor-\\nney.\\nHow are these appointed?\\nBy the President.\\nWhat power has the United States Mar-\\nshal?\\nHe is the executive officer of the Cir-\\ncuit and District Courts and stands in a\\nsimilar relation to these that a sheriff does\\nto a county.\\nWhen was the Circuit Court of Appeals\\nestablished?\\nIn 1891.\\nWhat are Consular Courts?\\nThey are courts in some cases held by\\nAmerican Consuls in foreign countries.\\nUsually these cases are troubles arising\\nin commercial transactions and are often\\ndecided by this Court.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "13ASY L;ESSO ]SfS IK OlVrL GOVERNMENT. B7\\nCIVIL SERVICE.\\nWhat do we mean by civil service?\\nThat all efficient appointed officer\\n^should be retained in service, regardless of\\npolitics, during good behaviol*.\\nWhat does our Civil Service include?\\nAll government employes except mili-\\ntary and naval officers. It is genel ally ap-\\nplied to appointed officers a^ad employes\\nin the executive branch of the go^^rnment\\n^nd not to the Legislature or Judiciary de-\\npartments.\\nWho was the first President to depart\\nirom the principles of early Civil Service?\\nJefferjson, when the Spoil System was\\nintroduced. The evil of it continued until\\n1865 when a bill was introduced to reform\\nthe Civil Service. In 1871 an act was\\npassed giving the President Authority to\\nmake rules for admission into the civil ser-\\nvice.\\nWhat was then done?\\nA Civil Service commission was appoint-\\ned with George William Curtis at its head.\\nWhat were its duties?\\nTo introduce tests of fitness of appli-\\neants.\\nHow long did this continue?\\nUntil 1873, when Congress discontinued\\nthe appropriation for this commission.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "68 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL aOVERNMENT.\\nWhat bill pertaining to Civil Service re-\\nform passed in 1883?\\nThe ^-Pendleton Act/^ introduced by\\nSenator Pendleton of Ohio.\\nWhat did this act provide?\\nIt provided for a Civil Service commis-\\nsion of three representing both parties,\\nwhich should provide competitive exami-\\nnations for entrance into such classes of\\nthe Civil Service as the President desig-\\nnates.\\nDo all applicants for government posi-\\ntions in all the departments have to be\\nexamined?\\nYes, except as stated above, and if they\\npass a written examination, they are listed\\nand from this list of persons thus qualified\\nthe appointments are made.\\nWhat important departments come un-\\nder Civil Service?\\nThe department service. The postoffice\\nservice, The Government Printing Service\\nand Internal Revenue Service.\\nCan a person in the Civil Service be-\\ncome a member of Congress at the same\\ntime.\\nNo.\\nTHE SIGNAL SERVICE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What are\\nthe uses of the Signal Service?\\nThis service is based on the Science of", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 69\\nMeteorology and those engaoed in it are\\nlargely occupied with the study of weather\\nchanges, and the laws of storms, their ori-\\ngin and progress.\\nWhen was the Signal Service instituted?\\nAt the beginning of the Civil War, and\\nwas first used solely for military purposes.\\nHow is it still conducted?\\nBy the war department. It now esti-\\nmates the weather probabilities based on\\nscientific observations, and daily reports\\nare published all over the country,\\nDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.\\nHow is the District of Columbia gov-\\nerned?\\nGongpess has exclusive control of the\\nDistrict. The Civil Government of the Dis-\\ntrict is vested in three Commissioners, two\\nof vrhom are appointed by the President\\nwith the consent of the Senate for three\\nyears, the third is an officer of the Army\\nbelonging to the Engineer s Corps, detailed\\nby the President for this service. The du-\\nties of these Commissioners are the same\\n^s those usually performed by the Mayors\\nand boards of Aldermen.\\nHow are the expenses met?\\nThe expenses of the District Govern-\\nment are equally divided between the U.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "TO EASY LESSOlSfS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT;\\ng. Congress and the property ofwners of\\nthe District.\\nCan the people of the District vote?\\nNo. Not in the District.\\nTo what states did the Di^rict of Co^\\nlumbia formerly belong?\\nMaryland and Virginia,\\nHow large was the original District?\\nOne hundred square miles,\\nHiow large is it now?\\nLess than seventy^\\nWhen did Congress move to Washing-\\nton?\\nIn 18\u00c2\u00a90.\\nHas the District, at any time^ been rep^\\nlesented in Congress?\\nYes by a delegate.\\nWhen did the District have a Territorial\\nform of Government?\\nIn 1871 the President and Senate ap^\\npointed a^ Governor and a council, and the\\npeople elected a louse ^f delegates and i^\\ndelegate to Congreiss.\\nDid this prove a success?\\nKo; it was abolishd in 1874.\\nTEREIT^EIES.\\nHave all the startes^ m the Union once\\nbeen territories?\\nAll except the thirteen^ original statesv", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 71\\nHow many classes of territories have we\\nnow?\\nTwo, organized and unorganized.\\nWhat is the form of government in an\\norganized territory?\\nAn organized territory has a Governor,\\nJudges, Secretary of Territory and Attor-\\nney. All appointed by the President and\\nconfirmed by the Senate.\\nFor how long are they appointed?\\nFor a term of four years.\\nHow are they paid?\\nFrom the National Treasury,\\nOf what does the government of a terri-\\ntory consist?\\nOf legislative, executive and judical\\nbranches.\\nHow is the legislative divided?\\nInto two houses, called the Council and\\nhouse of Representatives,\\nHow are the members of the legislature\\nelected?\\nBy the qualified electors in the districts\\nof the territory.\\nCan the territories make their own laws?\\nLaws passing their legislature are sub-\\nject to the approval of Congress.\\nHow is an organized territory represent-\\ned in Congress?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "72 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nA territory having 5,000 male inhabi-\\ntants is entitled to a delegate to Congress.\\nWhat are the privileges of a delegate?\\nHe can debate motions but cannot vote.\\nHe can be appointed on committees.\\nHow is he elected?\\nThe territorial delegate is elected by the\\nvote within the territory.\\nDo territories elect electors and have an\\nelectoral college to vote for President?\\nNo, they have nothing to do with electing\\nthie President or Vice President.\\nHow are the territories divided?\\nInto three judicial districts. Each ter-\\nritory has a Supreme Court and three dis-\\ntrict courts; also, there are Justices\\nCourts.\\nHow many organized territories have\\nwe now? (1897)\\nThree. Oklahoma, Arizona and New\\nMexico.\\nHow many delegates in Congress?\\nThree.\\nHow can a territory become a state?\\nThe first act of the territory is to petition\\nCongress through their delegate for ad-\\nmission into the Union.\\nWhat is done w^ith the petition?\\nCongress refers it to the committee on", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 73\\nterritories. Tlie committee presents a bill\\nwhich if passed defines the boundaries and\\ndecides on the name of the state, and, also,\\ngives the territory the power to elect dele-\\ngates to the convention to prepare a con-\\nstitution for the state.\\nWhat are the special requirements in\\nthis act of Congress?\\nThat the constitution for the new state\\nmust be republican in form, and it must be\\nin harmony with the constitution of the\\nUnited States and Declaration of Indepen-\\ndence.\\nHow are the delegates to this convention\\nelected?\\nBy the voters.\\nWhat do they do?\\nFrame a constitution.\\nWhat is then done with this proposed\\nconstitution?\\nIt is submited to the electors of the ter-\\nritory to be voted on.\\nWhat is next done?.\\nIf the constitution is adopted by a major^\\nity of electors, the Governor of the territo-\\nry sends a copy of the adopted constitu-\\ntion to the President of the United States,\\nand if he finds that it complies with the re-\\nquirements made by Congress he issues a\\nproclamation declaring the territory ad", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "74 EASY LESSONS IN OIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nmitted as a state into the Union. The peo-\\nple of the state then elect the ofllcers.\\nWhat is an unorganized territory?\\nAn unorganized territory is subject only\\nto the laws of Congress.\\nWhat territory belongs to this class?\\nThe Indian Territory.\\nHow is Alaska governed?\\nAlaska is governed entirely by Congress\\nwith a Governor appointed by the Presi-\\ndent and Senate. Alaska has no legisla-\\nture.\\nNATURALIZATION. How many\\nyears must a foreigner remain in this coun-\\ntry before he can take out naturalization\\npapers and become a citizen?\\nHe must reside in the United States\\nfive years, and one year in the State or\\nTerritory where he asks for admission to\\ncitizenship.\\nWhat must he do two years before he\\nis admitted to citizenship?\\nHe must renounce allegiance to any for-\\neign prince or state.\\nCan foreigners vote at state elections be\u00c2\u00bb\\nfore they take out their naturalization pa-\\npers?\\nThat is governed by the laws of the\\nstates. In more than one third of the\\nstates the election franchise is granted", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 75\\nforeigners^ before they are naturalized, by\\ndeclaring their intention of becoming\\nAmerican citizens.\\nIf naturalized citizens go abroad are\\nthey still protected by the United States?\\nYes: the statutes of the United States\\nsay that all naturalized citizens of the\\nUnited States while in foreign countries\\nare entitled to and shall receive from this\\nGovernment the same protection of per-\\nson and property which is accorded to na-\\ntive-born citizens.\\nLIBKARY OF CONGRESS.\\nWhere is the largest Library Building\\nin the world?\\nThe Library of Congress at Washington^\\n^vljicli has a capacity of five million vol-\\numes. This is considered the most gor-\\ngeous building in America.\\nWhen was the Library of Congress es-\\ntablished?\\nBy an act of Congress in 1800.\\nWhen was it destroyed?\\nWhen the British burned the Capitol in\\n1814. It was reestablished by Congress in\\nthe same year in the central capitol build-\\ning.\\nWhen was it again partially destroyed\\nby fire?\\nIn 1851.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "76 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL aOVERNMENT.\\nWhat act was passed in 1824?\\nAn act to appropriate five thousand dol-\\nlars annually for the purchase of library\\nIjvooks.\\nWhat did the present Library cost?\\ne|5,700,000.\\nOUR FLAG.\\nFlag of the free hearts hope and home!\\nBy angel hands to valor given;\\nThy stars have lit the welkin dome,\\nAnd all thy hues were born in heaven.\\nForever float that standard sheet\\nWhere breathes the foe but falls before us,\\nWith freedom s soil beneath our feet\\nAnd freedom s banner streaming o er us?\\nJoseph Rodman Drake.\\nWhen was our American Flag adopted\\nby the Continental Congress?\\nJune 14th, 1777.\\nWhat decree was issued in this Con-\\ngress?\\nThat the flag of the United States be\\nthirteen stripes, alternate red and white;\\nthat the union be thirteen stars, white on\\na blue field, representing a new constella-\\ntion.\\nDuring the early days of the Revolution\\nwhat flag was used?\\nYarioiis designs were made and used.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 77\\nThe flaj used by the Americans at the bat-\\ntle of Bunker Hill was called the ^^New\\nEngland Flag. This was a blue ground\\nith the red cross of St. George in the cor-\\nner and in the upper staff corner a green\\npine tree. Different flags were designed\\nand used until 1775, when Congress ap-\\npointed a committee to make a design for\\na Union flag.\\nAVho was on this Committee?\\nDr. Franklin, who suggested they visit\\nGeneral Washington to get his opinion on\\na design.\\nA design was finally submitted to the\\ncommittee, the committee submitted it to\\nMrs. Betsey Ross, who was a seamstress.\\nShe made suggestions for the present flag\\nand made the first American flag with\\nstars and stripes.\\nWhat act was passed April 1818 pertain-\\ning to the flag?\\nThat the number of stripes be limited\\nto thirteen and the number of stars in-\\ncrease with the number of states; that is, a\\nnew star was to be added on the fourth of\\nJuly next succeeding the admission of any\\nnew state.\\nWho is supposed to have first unfurled\\nthe national flag?\\nPaul Jone^ on the Ranger, (a naval ves-\\nsel), on the day Congress passed the reso-\\nlution to adopt it as the national flag.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "T8 EASY LEBSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT,\\nfe the flag always displayed on the Cap-\\nitol Building while Congress is in session?\\nYes.\\nLIBERTY BELL,\\nWhat is the Liberty Bell?\\nIt is the Bell that announced the Declar-\\nation of Independence in 1776.\\nWhere was this bell cast?\\nOriginally in Londoni in 1752 and recast\\nin Philadelphia in 1753, and hung in the\\nPennsylvania State House, afterwards\\nknown as Independence Hall.\\nWhat is inscribed on the Bell?\\n^Troclaim Liberty throughout all the\\nLand, unto all the Inhabitants thereof.\\nWhen was it cracked?\\nJuly 8tli, 1835 while being tolled in mem\\nory of Chief Justice Marshall.\\nWhat became of this Bell?\\nIt is still kept in Independence Hall in\\nPhiladelphia.\\nA new bell w^as made to take the place\\nof the old one in 1828.\\nWhen was another bell made and called\\nthe New Liberty Bell?\\nIn 1892. It was made from various\\npieces and kinds of money and metal pre-\\nsented by the people of the U. S. for the\\npurpose. It was exhibited and dedicated\\nat the World s Fair in 1893.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 79\\nTHE GREAT SEAL OF THE UNITED\\nSTATES.\\nWhen was the U. S. Seal adopted?\\nIn 1782\u00e2\u0080\u0094 June 20th.\\nWho designed the seal?\\nOn July 4th, 1776 Congress appointed\\nBenjamin Franklin, John Adams and\\nThomas Jefferson a committee to prepare\\na device for the seal. After several de-\\nsigns were submitted the present one was\\nadopted.\\nWhat does the seal represent?\\nIt represents a spread eagle, the em-\\nblem of strength, wearing on its breast an\\nescutcheon of thirteen stripes, alternate\\nred and white like the national flag. In\\nits right talon the eagle holds ^an olive\\nbranch, the emblem of peace, and in its left\\ntalon are thirteen arrows representing the\\nthirteen states. In its beak is a scroll\\nwith the motto E Pluribus Unum, mean-\\ning ^^many in one, many states, one na-\\ntion. Over the head is a golden light\\nbreaking through a cloud and surrounding\\nthirteen stars, forming a constellation on\\na blue ground. On the reverse is an unfin-\\nished pyramid, representing the unfinished\\nrepublic, also its strength and duration.\\nAbove the pyramid is an eye, denoting the\\nall-seeing eye of Providence, and over this\\neye are the words Annuit Coeptis God", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "80 EASY LESiSON-S IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nfavors the undertaking/^ On the base of\\nthe pyramid is the Roman date of 1776,\\nand below the pyramid are the words,\\nNovus ordo sectorum A new order of\\nthe age/^ The latter was for a pendant\\nseal, not now used. The recumbent seal,\\nthe obverse above described, being always\\nused.\\nLIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE\\nWORLD.\\nWhere is the Statue of Liberty Enlight-\\nening the World placed?\\nIn the Harbor of the City of New York?\\nWhen did we get it?\\nIt was given to the people of the United\\nStates by the people of France in 1876.\\nThis Statue is typical of the friendship\\nof two powerful nations.\\nDUTY, TAX, SINGLE TAX, ETC.\\nWhat is tax?\\nTax is a charge made by the Government\\nagainst the people or property for the sup-\\nport of the Government.\\nWhat is duty?\\nDuty is a charge laid on articles taken\\nout of or brought into a country.\\nWhat is Import Duty?\\nA tax levied on goods brought into a\\ncountry.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "1E3ASY L:BSS0NS IK CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 81\\nWhat is an Excise Tax?\\nA tax levied on mamufactured artieles\\nwithin a country.\\nA schedule of duties placed by the Gov-\\nernment on goods either exported or im-\\nported. Tariffs are defined -as Tariff for\\nrevenue and Tariff for protection. Out\\ntariff is a duty charg^ed for placing on the\\nAmerican market, goods of foreign manu-\\nfacture.\\nWhat i^ a pi^atective taTiff\\nA tariff on articles v^hich are imported\\nfrom abroad and which are ateo produced\\nin this country, that the American manu-\\nfacturer with higher rates of wages and\\ninterest to pay, than his foreign competitor,\\nmay, nevertheless compete with him in the\\nAmerican market.\\nWhat is meant by tariff for revenue\\nonly?\\nIt means a tariff that provides revenue\\nfor the Government without intentionally\\ngiving protection to domestic industries.\\nWhat is Free Trade?\\nFree Trade is that theory whose purpose\\nis to secure by import duties, money to pay\\ngovernment expenses by the least possible\\ninterference of exchange. In such a case\\nthe duties are mainly laid on articles not\\nproduced in this country, and which there-\\nfore cannot materially effect natural prices", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "82 EASY LE.SSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nfor most articles.\\nWhat is an Income Tax?\\nA tax imposed on all incomes over a cer-\\ntain sum per annum.\\nWhat is revenue?\\nIt is the annual income of a country de-\\nrived from taxation, customs, (excise or oth-\\ner sources, and appropriated to the pay-\\nment of the national expense. The revenue\\nof the United States is derived from the\\nCustoms, Internal Eevenue, Direct Tax,\\nPublic Lands and other sources.\\nWhat are Customs?\\nDuties coming from taxes on importa-\\ntions.\\nWhat is Internal Eevenue?\\nEevenue coming from taxes on spirits,\\ntobacco, and fermented liquors.\\nWhat is Direct Tax?\\nDirect Tax is tax upon the person or e\u00c2\u00bb^\\ntate of a citizen, such as houses, lands, mon-\\neys, etc.\\nSINGLE TAX FEOM A SINGLE TAX-\\nEE\\\\S STANDPOINT.\\nWhat is The Single Tax?\\nIt is a moral and fiscal reform promulga-\\nted by Henry George.\\nWhat is its fundamental principle?\\nThe self evident truth that all men are", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "13ASY LESIONS IN CIVIL GOTERNMENT. SB\\ncreated equal, and are endowed by their\\n^reator with certain inalienable rights.\\nWhat are these rights?\\nThe equal right to the use and enjoyment\\nof wh at God has created and what is\\nl^ained hj the general srowth and improve-\\nment of the community of which they are\\na part.\\nHow is it proposed to enfoTCe these\\nr^ights?\\nNo one should be permitted to hold nat-\\nural opportunities mthout a fair return to\\nall for any special privilege thus accorded\\nhim, and that value which tlie growth\\nand improvement of the community at-\\ntaches to land should be taken for the use\\nof the community; that each is entitled to\\nall his labor produces; therefore no tax\\nshould be levied on the products of labor.\\nHow should taxes be levied?\\nBy raising all public revenues for Na-\\ntional, State, County and Municipal pur-\\nposes by a single tax upon land values, ir-\\nrespective of improvements, and all the ob-\\nligations of all forms of dinect and indi-\\nrect taxation.\\nHow should the Single Tax be instituted?\\nBy the simple and easy way of abolish-\\ning, one after another, all other taxes now\\nlevied and commensurately increasing the\\ntax on land values, until we draw upon", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "84 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthat one source for all expenses of govern-\\nment.\\nHow would this affect the ownership of\\nland?\\nIt would not disturb existing titles, but,\\nwould make the holding of land unprofit-\\nable to the mere owner, and profitable on-\\nly to the user. Thus making speculation\\nin land impossible.\\nWhat is the position of Single Taxers on\\nmonopolies, such as telegraph lines, rail-\\nroads, water and gas supplies, etc?\\nSuch business as requires a grant from\\nthe people for its operation becomes a pro-\\nper social function which should be con-\\ntrolled and managed by and for the whole\\npeople concerned through their proper\\ngovernment, local, state or national, as\\nmay be.\\nHow would the Single Tax affect agri-\\ncultural districts?\\nIt would take the weight of taxation off\\nthe agricultural districts where land has\\nlittle or no value irrespective of improve-\\nments and put it on towns and cities where\\nbare land rises to a value of millions of\\ndollars per acre.\\nFor further information read the works\\nof Henry George and National Taxation,\\nby Thomas G. Shearman.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 85\\nWhat is Reciprocity?\\nIt is free interchange or equality of com-\\nmercial privileges between the subjects of\\ndifferent governments, in each other s ports,\\nwith respect to shipping and trading of\\nmerchandise to the extent established by\\ntreaty.\\nCOPYRIGHTS. What is a copyright?\\nThe exclusive right to print and dispose\\nof copies of an intellectual production.\\nThe authors of books, maps, engravings,\\npictures, etc., may obtain the exclusive\\nright to print and sell the same for a per-\\niod of twenty-eight years. The copyright\\nmay be renewed for fourteen years longer.\\nHow may a copyright be obtained?\\nTwo copies must be deposited with the\\nLibrarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.,\\nand the legal fee of fifty cents for record-\\ning.. The certificate is also fifty cents.\\nCan copyrights be granted on Trade\\nmarks?\\nNo but if protection for names and la-\\nbels is desired they must be registered at\\nthe Patent Office with a fee of six dollars\\nfor labels and twenty-five dollars for trade\\nmarks.\\nWhat special act was passed in Congress\\nin 1891?\\nGranting the privilege of copyright to\\nforeigners of nations whose governments", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "86 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ngave American citizens the same privilege.\\nPATENTS. What do we mean by pat-\\nents?\\nGiving the inventor the exclnsive right\\nDf making and selling his inventions.\\nWhere are they secured?\\nApplications of patents are made to the\\ncommissioner of Patents, at Washington^\\nB.C.\\nFor how long do they run?\\nFor seventeen years, they may then be\\nrenewed by an improvement in the inven-\\ntiom\\nMONEY.\\nWhat is money?\\nAny thing that serves as a common me-\\ndium of exchange and measure of value.\\nWho alone has authority to coin money?\\nCongress.\\nWhat is currency?\\nAny medium of exchange that is current^\\nwhether it be coin, paper or commodities.\\nIt is however commonly applied in this\\ncountry to paper money.\\nHow many kinds of paper money in thi\\ncountry?\\nFour: Treasury Notes, National Bank\\nNotes, Gold Certificates and Silver Certifir\\neatesv", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 87\\nWhat are Treasury Notes?\\nUnited States bills issued on the credit of\\nthe Goyernment. These notes are legal\\ntender at their face value for all debts pub-\\nlic and private, except duties on imports\\nand interest on the public debt.\\nWhat are National Bank Notes?\\nThey are notes issued by the National\\nBanks and guaranteed by the Government,\\nthe banks depositing United States bonds\\nas security.\\nThese notes are legal tender in payment\\nof taxes and dues to the government and\\nfor all dues from the United States to the\\nindividual, except, they are not legal ten-\\nder for import duties, interest on the Pub-\\nlic Debt or between individuals.\\nWhat are Gold and Silver Certificates?\\nThey are notes issued by the Govern-\\nment against deposits of gold and silver\\ncoin or bullion and may be exchanged for\\nsuch on demand.\\nWhat are the coins?\\nGold, Silver, Nickel, and Copper.\\nWhat is a legal tender, in payment of all\\ndebts public and private under all circum-\\nstances and conditions?\\nGold coin.\\nWhat money was used previous to the\\nBevolutionary War?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "88 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nMostly foreign. Principally, Engligli\\ncoins and Spanish mill dollars; also, some\\npaper money issued by the assemblies of\\nthe different colonies, and based on the\\ncredit of the colonv issuing.\\nWhen were our mints fof coining estab^\\nUshed?\\nIn 1792 by act of Congress. Many ex-\\nperiments were made in coinage but noth-\\ning actually established until 1794.\\nWhere was the first mint established?\\nIn Philadelphia.\\nWhere are our mimts for coining money\\nMOW located?\\nAt Philadelphia, San Francisco, New\\nOrleans and Carson City.\\nWhere are our Assay offices?\\nNew York; Charlotte, North Carolina;.\\nBoise City, Idaho; and Denver, Colorado.\\nWhen was silver first coined in the\\nUnited States?\\nIn 1792. Gold was coined the following\\nyear.\\nWhat is bimetallism?\\nIt is the name given to a monetary sys-\\ntem in which both gold and silver are on\\nprecisely the same footing as regards mint-\\nage and legal tender.\\nWhat is monometallism?\\nThe doctrine that only one metal should", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 89-\\nbe used as a standard of value.\\nWhat is meant by the Gold Standard?\\nIt means that gold is made the legal\\nmeasure of all moneys and values.\\nWhat is meant by Free Coinage of Sil-\\nver?\\nIt means the coinage into money of sil\\nver bullion by any one presenting the same\\nat the U. S. mint for that purpose.\\nWhat is the present ratio of gold and\\nsilver?\\n16 to 1.\\nWhat is meant by coinage of Gold and\\nSilver 16 to 1?\\nIt means that a silver dollar shall con-\\ntain sixteen times the weight of silver that\\na gold dollar contains of gold.\\nWhen was the first greenback issued?\\nIn 1862.\\nWhat is flat money?\\nAny currency whether paper or metal\\nthat is placed in circulation and main-\\ntained as legal tender by command of the\\ngovernment.\\nWhen was fiat money first issued in\\nthis country?\\nFiat money in small amounts was issued\\nby Pennsylvania and other colonies long\\nbefore the Kevolutionary War. This mon-\\ney was suppressed by the English Crown.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "90 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nDuring the Eevolutionary War the con-\\ntinental Congress issued flat money of dif-\\nferent denominations, but the Congress\\nhaving no power to levy taxes and being\\nobliged to furnish resources, issued large\\namountls which the colonial government\\ncould not redeem and thej became worth-\\nless in 1780. The English government\\ncounterfeited them by the milloins. With-\\nout this flat money the Continental army\\nwould have failed and Independence not\\nhave been achieved.\\nWhat can be done with Greenbacks that\\nare burned?\\nThe charred and blackened remains are\\nsent to the Treasury for replacement. The\\nidentification of these bills so burned is in\\nthe hands of an expert woman in the Comp-\\ntroller s office.\\nWhat can be done with mutilated paper\\nmoney?\\nWhen the papier money becomes dirty\\nand torn and it is presented to the United\\nStates Treasury, new notes may be ex-\\nchanged for them.\\nWhat becomes of the old money?\\nEvery working day one million dollars are\\ndestroyed after a proper record has been\\nmade of the old bills. They are placed in\\nlarge chests and carried to the basement of\\nthe Treasury building and at 2 p. m. each", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. U\\nday three officials meet, one representing\\nthe Secretary of the Treasury, one the\\nTreasurer of the United States, and the\\nthird the Comptroller of Currency. Each\\nbank whose money is to be destroyed is re-\\nquired to hare a representative present to\\nsee that the money is properly disposed of.\\nThese old bills are then put in a hopper\\nwith a larf; e re\\\\ olvingj cylinder containing\\nsteam and chemicals, which converts the\\npaper into a soft pulp which, afterwards, is\\nsold.\\nWhat are Government Bonds?\\nThey are bonds issued by the Govern-\\nment as evidence of indebtedness for mon-\\ney it has borrowed or for obligations it has\\nassumed.\\nBANKS.\\nWhat is a bank?\\nAn institution for negotiating credits,\\nfor discounting notes, for issue of paper\\nmoney and a place for deposit of valua-\\nbles.\\nWhat is banking?\\nTrading in and with money such as buy-\\ning, selling, exchanging and dealing in\\ncredit.\\nWhat are the officers of a bank called?\\nBankers.\\nWhat is the oldest bank on record?\\nThe Bank of Venice established 1171.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "92 EASY LEiSSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat bank is the most important one\\nin the world?\\nThe Bank of England.\\nWhen was it established?\\nIt was proposed by William Paterson.\\nA bill was passed by the Government, and\\na charter granted April, 1694, for eleven\\nyears.\\nWhat advantage has an American mar-\\nried woman over an English woman as per-\\ntaining to banking?\\nIn England a married woman cannot\\nopen a bank account unless she has in\\nwriting the formal consent of her husband.\\nNeither can a woman who has opened an\\naccount with an English bank, while she\\nwas a single person, withdraw that money\\nafter she is married, unless, she has the ap-\\nproval of her husband. In America she\\nhas practically the same rights and privi-\\nleges, in law, as an unmarried woman.\\nWhen were i banks first established in\\nthe United States?\\nThe first bank chartered in the United\\nStates was the Bank of North America in\\n1781. This bank had a ten year charter\\nand was located in Philadelphia.\\nWho was the founder of this bank?\\nRobert Morris.\\nWhen was the first United States bank\\nchartered?", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 93\\nIn 1790 Alexander Hamilton, then Sec-\\nretary of the Treasury, recommended in his\\nreport the establishing of the Bank of the\\nU. S.. His plan was adopted by Congress\\nand a charter granted in 1791 with a capi-\\ntal of 110,000,000. This bank issued no\\nbills under ten dollars.\\nWho may conduct banks?\\nCapitalists may unite under the laws of\\nthe United States and form a National\\nBanking association; or a number under a\\nstate law and organize a state bank; or one\\nperson or company may conduct an indi-\\nvidual or private bank.\\nWhat is a private bank?\\nA private bank is one conducted by an\\nindividual, or company, without a charter,\\nand hence under less restriction than a\\nstate or national bank.\\nIf banks are organized under state laws\\nwhat are they required to do?\\nThey are bo und by the law and subject\\nto inspection. They must also pay a tax\\nof ten per cent on the amount of money\\nused in their business, and, if they issue\\npromises to pay, a coin reserve must be\\nkept to pay them.\\nWhen were national banks established?\\nThey w^ere authorized in 1863 and estab-\\nlished in 1864.\\nWhat is meant by a national bank?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "U EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT,\\nA national bank is not owned or conduct-\\ned by tlie Government, but it authorizes its\\ncreation and prescribes its mode of doing\\nbusiness. All national banks come under\\nthe same law in every state, are subject to\\nthe same inspection, and use the same\\nblanks in making returns to the Treasury\\ndepartment at Washington.\\nllow^ are national banks organized?\\nUnder the National Law^, a banking as-\\nsociation may be formed by live or more\\npersons, who must specif.y in their articles\\nof association the general object of thus\\nuniting. They must make out their or-\\nganization certificate,\\n1st. The name of the organization.\\n2nd. Place of business.\\n3rd. The amount of its stock and the\\nnumber of shares into which it is divided.\\n4th. The names and residences of the\\nshare holders and the number of shares\\nheld bj^ each.\\n5th. A declaration that the certificate\\nis made to enable them to avail themselves\\nof the advantage of this titJe.\\nWhat is done with these organization\\ncertificates?\\nThey must be signed by the persons unit-\\ning to form the association and be acknow-\\nledged before a judge of some court of rec-\\nord or notary public and together vith the", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 95\\nacknowledgement by the seal of said court,\\nmust be sent to the Comptroller of Curren\\ncy to be filed and preserved in his office.\\nWhat is the capital stock required?\\nNo association can be organized with a\\nless capital than one hundred thousand dol-\\nlars under this title, except, that banks\\nwith a capital of not less than fifty thous-\\nand dollars, may, with the approval of the\\ntreasury, be organized in any place w^here\\nthe population does not exceed six thous-\\nand inhabitants. No association can be\\norganized in a city, the population of\\nwhich exceeds fifty thousand persons, with\\nless than two hundred thousand dollars.\\nIf a national bank is organized in a\\nsmall place with capital stock of fiftv\\nthousand dollars can it continue with that\\nstock if the town increases to more than\\nsix thousand people?\\nYes.\\nWhat are the corporate powers of a na-\\ntional bank association?\\nAfter incorporation it has power:\\nFirst. To adopt and use a corporate\\nseal.\\nSecond. To do business for the period\\nof twenty years from its organization un-\\nless it is sooner dissolved according to the\\nprovisions of its Articles of Association, or\\nby the act of its shareholders ownino two-", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "m EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOYEHNMENT.\\nthirds of its stock, or unless its franchise\\nbecomes forfeited by some violation of law.\\nThird. To make contracts.\\nFourth. To sue and be sued.\\nFifth. To elect or appoint a board of di-\\nrectors; and this board in turn appoints\\nthe President, Vice-President, Cashier and\\nother officers.\\nSixth. To prescribe, by its board of di-\\nrectors, ^^by-laws not inconsistent with\\nlaw, regulate the manner in which its\\nstock shall be transferred, etc.\\nSeventh. To exercise by its board of di-\\nrectors or duly authorized agents, subject\\nto law, all such incidental powers as are\\nnecessary to carry on the banking busi-\\nness.\\nHow is the capital stock divided?\\nThe capital stock, of each association, is\\ndivided into shares of one hundred dollars\\neach and it is to be deemed as personal\\nproperty.\\nCan these shares be transferred?\\nYes;by vote of the association in such a\\nmanner as may be prescribed in the by-\\nlaws of the organization. Each person be-\\ncoming a shareholder by such transfers\\nwill, in proportion to his shares, succeed to\\nall rights and liberties of the prior hr)lder\\nof such shares.\\nITow manv directors must each National", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN GIVIL GOVEiRNMENT. 97\\nBanking Association have?\\nThey must have not less than five direc-\\ntors, who are elected by the share holders\\nat a meeting held smj time before the as-\\nsociation is authorized by the Comptroller\\nof currency to commence business. The\\ndirectors hold office for one year and until\\ntheir successors are elected and qualified.\\nFrom the board of directors one is chosen\\nits president. Each director is entitled to\\none vote for each share of stock held by\\nhim. Shareholders may vote by proxies,\\nduly authorized in writing. No sharehold-\\ner whose liability is passed and unpaid is\\nallowed to vote. Each director is required\\nto take an oath of office, and this is filed\\nwith the comptroller of currency.\\nMust directors be citizens of the United\\nStates?\\nEvery director must, during his whole\\nterm of service, be a citizen of the United\\nStates, and at least three- fourths of the di-\\nrectors must have resided in the state or\\nterritory or district, in which the associa-\\ntion is located, for at least one year imme-\\ndiately preceding the election, and must\\nreside therein during their continuance in\\noffice.\\nHow many shares must each director\\nown?\\nEach and every director must own in his", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "98 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nown right at least ten shares of capital\\nstock of the association in which he is a di-\\nrector. Any director who has ceased to\\nbe owner of ten shares of stock, or who be-\\ncomes in any other manner disqualified,\\nmust thereby vacate his place.\\nWhen must the capital stock be paid in?\\nAt least fifty per centum of the capital\\nstock of every association must be paid in\\nbefore it can be authorized to commence\\nbusiness; and the remainder of the capital\\nmust be paid in installments of at least ten\\nper ceiitnm, each, on the whole amount of\\nthe capital, as frequently as one install-\\nment at the end of each succeeding month\\nfrom the time it shall be authorized by the\\ncomptroller of the currency to commesnce\\nbusiness, and the payment of each install-\\nment must be certified to the comptroller\\nunder oath b.y the president or cashier of\\nthe organization.\\nAfter all the provisions required by law\\nhave been complied with, what does the\\ncomptroller do?\\nHe grants the association a certificate\\nunder his hand and oflftcial seal, authoriz-\\ning them to commence business.\\nWhat is then done by the association?\\nThey must have their certificate pub-\\nlished in newspapers printed in the city or\\ncounty where the association is located^", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "aH]ASY LESSONS IN CIVIL G0VERNM1h]NT. t?l)\\nfor at least sixty day^ next after the issuing\\nthereof. They are then ready to begin\\nbusiness.\\nWhere do the profits of bankers come\\nfrom?\\nFrom the interest on the government\\nbonds deposited by the association with\\nthe United States Treasurer, and from dis-\\ncounts in negtiating loans, etc. Also, the\\nexcess of the interest he receives from those\\nindebted to him over the interest he allovrs\\nto those who have deposited money or pa-\\nper with him.\\nHow may money be paiti out?\\nBy checks or drafts.\\nWhat are bank notes?\\nBank notes are obligations issued by a\\ntoank to pay a certain specified sum to the\\nbearer on demand.\\nAre national bank notes taken every-\\nwhere in the United States?\\nYes; because they are protected by the\\ngovernment bond deposited with the Treas-\\nurer of the United States.\\nHow is the clerical work done in banks?\\nBy cashiers, bookkeepers and tellers.\\nCLEARING HOUSE.\\nWhat is a clearing house?\\nAn establishment where the process of\\nclearing or settlini; accounts is carried on.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "100 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhen was the first clearing house for\\nbankers established?\\nIt was established in London in 1775.\\nIt was used as a place where clerks of\\nbanks of that city would meet daily to ex-\\nchange with one another the checks drawn\\nupon, and bills payable at their respective\\nhouses. I j^d\\nWhen was the first bank clearing house\\nestablished in theUnited States?\\n1853, in New York City.\\nWhat becomes of a check? Follow a\\ncheck from the time you pay a bill with it\\nuntil it is returned to you.\\nThe person receiving it may in turn pay\\nit over to some one else, they, themselves^\\nendorsing it on the back; or it may be by\\nthem turned over to the bank to be depos-\\nited to his account. If it is a check on the\\nsame bank as deposited it is simply held\\nthere until your bank book is balanced,\\nwhen it is returned to you, together with\\nother checks you have issued.\\nIf it is presented to the bank and cashed\\nand the check belongs to some other bank,\\nwhat becomes of it?\\nEvery check is stamped with the number\\nof the bank which is sending it to the clear-\\ning house. At a certain hour all the\\nchecks are taken by a clerk and these\\nchecks are exchanged and balances made*", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "EAiSY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEiRNMENT. 101\\nThese checks are taken back to their re-\\nspective banks and finally returned to the\\ndepositor.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "102 EASY LE,SSONg IN CIVIL GO VEHNMETKr.\\nDIRECT LEGISLATION.\\nWhere is tile germ of a perfect governt-\\nment to be found?\\nIn the authority of the people.\\nWhat is claimed in regard to the ballot\\nin the United States by those who believe\\nin direct legislation?\\nThat it has ceased to be an expression of\\nthe will of the people.\\nHow is it claimed the will of the people\\ncan be restored?\\nBy the establishment of a pure democ-\\nracy.\\nWhat is meant by direct legislation?\\nA pure democracy. It is for the people\\nto vote for laws instead of voting for repre-\\nsentatives and delegate to them the full\\npower of making the laws.\\nWhat is the referendum?\\nIt is the right of the people to pass upon!\\nall laws, and by a majority vote accept or\\nreject them.\\nWhat is the initiative;\\nIt is the right of a citizen, or citizens^\\nunder certain necessary restrictions, to in\\nitiate any needed legislation.\\nWhat is the imperative mandate?", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "EASY L:ESS0NS in civil government. 103\\nIt is tlie right of the people to remove\\nany public oiiieer, without regard for the\\nlength of time for which he may have been\\nelected, who has proved unfaithful.\\nWhat is claimed as to present methods\\nof legi siation?\\nThat they are cumbrous, inefficient and\\neasily abuscMl.\\nWhat is the method proposed?\\nMore direct legislation, this being guar-\\nanteed by the spirit and words of the Dec-\\nlaration of Indv^pendence. More definitely\\nthis method is defined as the Eeferendum,\\nThe Initiative, and The Imperative Man-\\ndate.\\nWhat about the results?\\nLegislative bodies would become simply\\n!ommittees of the people to attend routine\\nbusiness and consider measures. Which\\nanust be submitted to the people before fin-\\nal enactment into law. No legislation, ex-\\ncept such as the majority of the people ap-\\nprove can become law. TWe standard of\\ncitizenship would be raised and the cor-\\nrupt lobby w^ould disappear from the halls\\nof legislation. AVhen a question is once\\nsettled right it cannot be undone by a\\n^change of legislators,or of a political party\\nfor party purposes. Promises made the\\npeople by a successful candidate would\\niiave to be fulfilled and all questions would", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "104 QEASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nbe discussed on their merits.\\nWhen would the Initiative be used?\\nOnly when the representatives (the com-\\nmitees) of the people failed to see or do\\ntheir duty.\\nWould a change in the method of voting\\ntake place?\\nNot necessarily. But some think it\\nwould be great economy for the Postoffice\\ndepartment, with a small increase of the\\nforce, to collect the vote of the people. The\\nsecret ballot and strict registration laws\\nwould no longer be required. The expense\\nof making laws would be reduced and time\\nfor consideration of all measures would be\\ngiven.\\nHow would the Initiative be used?\\nA convention of about 300 voters would\\nbe held and the proposied law or govern-\\nmental policy formulated and signed by at\\nleast five percent of the voters in the terri-\\ntroy represented. The document would\\nthen be deposited with the clerk of city or\\ncounty, who transmits a copy to the Presi-\\ndent. It is then caused to be printed and\\ncopies sent to every postoffice, half of the\\nexpense to be borne by the Initiative Con-\\nvention and half by the government. This\\nwould prevent voters resorting to the In-\\nitiative unless urgent necessity arose.\\nWhen the Post Master receives the docu-", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 105\\nment he displays it on a bulletin and every\\nvoter showing his electoral card will be al-\\nlowed to record his vote in a book kept for\\nthat purpose at the Postofflce. The Post\\nMaster transmits the votes to the county\\nclerk, the clerk to the governor and the\\ngovernor to the Speaker of the House. If\\nthe total from all the states reaches the\\npercent of signers the House will fraine a\\nmeasure in accordance with the petition\\nand ^^submit it to the people at the annual\\nreferendary ballot.\\nHow^ would the Keferendum be con=\\nducted?\\nCongress would fix a day for the annual\\nreferendary vote; a day four or six months\\nafter the adjournment of Congress. All\\nbills and questions would be properly\\nprinted for distribution to the Postoffices.\\nIf the people desire they can vote on them.\\nIf they should be satisfied with them they\\ncan approve and if dissatisfied they can\\nveto. It is claimed the United States Sen-\\nate might be abolished and legislatures\\nwould be unnecessary, as a committee\\nw^ould be sufiicient. Great economy is\\npromised in every department of govern-\\nment and the saving of millions of dollars.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "106 EASY LE8S0NS IN CIVIL GOVERNM^ENT*\\nSWITZERLAND as an example of the\\nInitiative and Eeferendum.\\nWhat is one of the oldest republics of\\nthe world?\\nSwitzerland.\\nHow long has it been a republic?\\nFor over five hundred years.\\nOf what was it composed?\\nOf independent cantons, each of which\\nhad its law^s, a simple republic within itself\\nand, except in times of war, they had but\\nlittle communication between them. There\\nwas no strong central government. In\\nmore recent years great changes have tak-\\nen place. Eevolutions sprung up in the\\ncantons, a new general constitution was\\nadopted in 1848 modeled somewhat after\\nthat of the United States. All the mon-\\narchies protested against the Swiss consti-\\ntution and predicted dire failure.. The\\nconstitution was again amended in 1874,\\nso as to give strength of union and yet\\nmaintain more direct legislation on the\\npart of the people. It is the purest democ-\\nracy in the world among civilized nations.\\nHow many cantons in the Swiss Repub-\\nlic?\\nTwenty-two*\\nWliat is the total population?\\n3,000,000.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEiRNMENT, 107\\nHow many languages are spoken in the\\nparliament at Bern?\\nThree, German, French and Italian. A\\nmotion made in German is quickly repeat\\ned in French and Italian before discussion\\nor a vote is taken. Most of the Swiss Par-\\nliameintarians understand the three lan-\\nguages, and many of them English. A\\ntrained statesman who can serve the peo-\\nple well is ai)t to be retained at his post.\\nTo whom are the laws submitted for ap-\\nproval after adoption in the Diet?\\nTo the p^eople.\\nW^ho holds the final veto power?\\nThe people.\\nHow do the people of Switzerland use\\nthe intitiative?\\nIf thirty thousand citizens, or eight can-\\ntons, demand it by petition any act of their\\nparliament must be submitted to a vote of\\nthe whole people.\\nHow is the president elected?\\nBy Parliament.\\nHow is the Governing Council elected?\\nThis Council corresponds to our Presi-\\ndent s Cabinet and is composed of seven\\nmen selected by Parliament from among\\nits own members. A ^^political accident\\ncould not become a president or a mem-\\nber of the Council.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "108 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat salary does the President and\\nmembers of Parliament receive?\\nThe President receives |2,000.00 and the\\nmembers |1,000.00.\\nFor how long is the President elected?\\nFor one year.\\nWho appoints the members of the Su-\\nreme Conrt?\\nParliament.\\nWhat relation to Parliament does the\\nPresident and Council sustain?\\nThey are members of one branch or the\\nother of Parliament.\\nHow are the members of Parliament\\nelected?\\nThe lower house is chosen, by the peo-\\nple, and the constitution provides that the\\nSenators may be chosen by the people or\\nby the legislatures.\\nFor how long are they chosen?\\nThey are chosen for three years.\\nHow often does Parliament meet?\\nYearly or it may meet oftener if one*\\nfourth of the members of the upper house\\ncommand it.\\nThere are no secret sessions in this Par-\\nliament.\\nWhat is the power of the people in leg-\\nislation?\\nThey may reject any or all bills adopted\\nbv Parliament.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 109\\nWho owns the Eailroads and telegraph\\nlines in Switzerland?\\nThe goiyernment.\\nWhat is a peculiar characteristic of\\nthis law-making?\\nImportant laws are often several years\\nin process of enactment, but when made\\nthe laws must be obeyed. The Statute\\nBooks are not burdened with many useless\\nor neglected laws.\\nWhat advantage is claimed for the Ref-\\nerendum and veto power in the hands of\\nthe people?\\nA copy of the law to be voted on is\\nplaced in the hands of each voter and he\\nmust examine and pass upon it. No vot-\\ner can plead ignorance of the law.\\nSwitzerland is the first country to prac-\\ntice direct legislation.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "110 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMEN T.\\nPOLITICAL SAYINGS.\\n\u00c2\u00a5/hat great man said, I d rather be\\nright than President of the United States\\nHenry Clay.\\nUnder what circumstances?\\nHe had introduced a bill in Congress in\\n1833 to reduce the then existing duties in\\norder to favor the Agricultural States.\\nSome of the Southern States opposed this\\nmeasure, and when told he would lose his\\nchances for the Presidency he made the\\nabove statement.\\nWho said, I was born an American, I\\nlive an American, I shall die an Ameri-\\ncan\\nDaniel Webster, in a speech delivered\\nJuly 17, 1850,\\nWho said I am not a Virginian, I am an\\nAmerican?\\nPatrick Henry, in the First Continental\\nCongress.\\nWhat General said I propose to fight it\\nout on this line if it takes all summer?\\nGeneral Grant to the Secretary of War.\\nWhat President said ^^To be prepared\\nfor war, is one of the most effectual means\\nof preserving peace\\nGeorge Washington.\\nWhat President in his second inaugural", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Ill\\naddress said, With malice toward none\\nwith charity for all?\\nAbraham Lincoln.\\nWho was commonly known and called\\nthe Father of the Constitution?\\nJames Madison.\\nWhy was he called that?\\nBecause he was the author of the reso-\\nlution that led to the invitation for the\\nConvention of 1787 issued by the Virginia\\nLegislature.\\nWhere do we find these words, First in\\nwar, first in peace, and first in the hearts\\nof his countrymen?\\nIn a resolution passed in the House of\\nEe])resentatives on the death of George\\nWashinrton.\\nWhat striking utterance did Benjamin\\nFranklin make after the passage of the\\nStamp Act?\\nHe said: The Americans must light\\nthe lamps of Industry and Economy.\\nIn giving instructions to our ministers\\nabroad as to what our foreign policy should\\nbe who said, Ask nothing but what is\\nright, submit to nothing wrong?\\nAndrew Jackson.\\nWho said, We must all hang together\\nor we shall all hang separately?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "112 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nBenjamin Franklin when signing the\\nDeclaration of Independence.\\nWho was called the Expounder of the\\nConstitution?\\nDaniel Webster.\\nWho said Government of the people, by\\nthe people, and for the people shall not\\nperish from the Earth?\\nAbraham Lincoln in his famous Gettys-\\nburg address.\\nWhat President said A pound of pluck\\nis worth a ton of luck?\\nJames A. Garfield.\\nWho was called the Cincinnatus of the\\nWest?\\nGeorgia Washington.\\nWhat great American orator said, Give\\nme liberty or give me death?\\nPatrick Henry in a speech before the\\nVirginia Convention in 1775 in favor of a\\nresolution That the Colony be immediate-\\nly put in a state of defense. In the clos-\\ning of his remarks he said, Is life so dear,\\nor peace so sweet as to be purchased at the\\npric e of chains and slavery? Forbid it,\\nAlmighty God! I know not what course\\nothers may take, but as for me, give me\\nliberty or give me death.\\nWhat was said by James A. Garfield\\nthe morning after Lincoln was assassinat-\\ned?", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 113\\n^^God reigns and the Government at\\nWashington still liyes/^\\nOn what occassion did he say it?\\nIn a brief speech, when a crowd were\\nabout to attack a new^spaper which had\\nviolently opposed Lincoln. Garfield ap-\\npeared in the midst and in a speech before\\nthe crowd said: ^^Fellow Citizens! Clouds\\nand darkness are round about Him. His\\npavilion is dark waters and thick clouds\\nof skies. Justice and judgment are the es-\\ntablishment of His throne. Mercy and\\ntruth shall go before His face. Fellow cit-\\nizens! God reigns, and the government at\\nWashington still lives.\\nWho was styled Old Public Function-\\nary?^^\\nJames Buchanan.\\nWho said of Alexander Hamilton that\\n^^He smote the rock of the national resour-\\nces and abundant streams of revenue\\ngushed forth?\\nDaniel Webster.\\nWhose cabinet was known as the\\n^^Kitchen Cabinet?\\nAndrew Jackson s,\\nWho said Millions for defense, but not\\na cent for tribute?\\nCharles C. Pinckney,", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "114 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT^\\nWho received the famous X Y Z dis-\\npatches?\\nJohn Adams.\\nAt the Continental Congress who said,\\n^^I am not worth purchasing, but such as\\nI am, the King of Great Britain is not rich\\nenough to do it?^^\\nJoseph Keed, a member of the Congress,\\nwhen offered a large sum of money to use\\nhis influence to restore the colonies to\\nGreat Britain.\\nWho was known as the Master of Ele-\\ngance?\\nEdward Everett.\\nWho was the author of the expression\\nThey see nothing wrong in the rule that\\nto the victors belong the spoils\\nWilliam L. Marcy in 1832, in speaking of\\nthe removal from office of those who had\\nbeen appointed under the previous admin-\\nistrations.\\nWhat president announced in his last\\nannual message The country was without\\na national bank and without a permanent\\nnational debt?\\nMartin Van Buren.\\nHe was president from 1837 to 1841.\\nWho said He touched the dead corpse\\nof public credit and it sprung upon its\\nfeet?", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "EASY LESBONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 115\\nDaniel Webster of Alexander Hamilton.\\nWhence came the motto Americans\\nmust rule America?^\\nFrom the Know Nothings.\\nWhom did Bancroft call the wisest civ-\\nilian of them all?\\nJames Madison*", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "116 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nMISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS.\\nWhat college first admitted women?\\nOberlin, at Oberlin, Ohio.\\nWho was the first woman to be elected\\npresident of a college in America?\\nFrancis E. Willard, who was made pres-\\nident of the Evanston College for woimen\\nin Feb. 1871.\\nWhen were envelopes first used?\\n1839.\\nHow long have postage stamps been\\nused?\\nIn England since 1840. In the United\\nStates since 1847.\\nWhen was printing introduced in Amer-\\nica?\\nIn 1539, in the City of Mexico, and in\\nCambridge, Mass., in 1639. It was first\\nknown in China in the sixth century.\\nWhen was the first public school estab-\\nlished in the United States?\\nIn 1635, in Boston.\\nWhere did our present public system\\noriginate?\\nIn New England, 1649, by law of the\\ncolony.\\nWhat was the first territory admitted as\\na state with woman s suffrage at the time\\nof its admissioix?", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.. 117\\nWyoming.\\nHow long have women voted in Wyom-\\ning?\\nSince 1869.\\nWhat state first elected women repre-\\nsentatives to it^ state legislature?\\nColorado, in 1894.\\nWhat state elected the first woman\\nstate senator?\\nUtah, 1896.\\nMrs. Martha Hughes Cannon.\\nWhat state elected the first woman pres-\\nidential elector?\\nWyoming, 1896.\\nWho was it?\\nMrs. Sarah Malloy.\\nWhen did free delivery of mail matter\\nby carriers first take effect?\\nJuly first, 1863.\\nWhen was the reply postal card\\nissued?\\nIn 1892.\\nAre stamped envelopes, if misdirected,\\n^ver redeemable?\\nYes, upon application to the postoflftce\\ndepartment.\\nWhat woman s face has ever adorned\\nUnited States paper money?\\nThe face of Martha Washington.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "118 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is bullion?\\nUncoined gold and silver bars.\\nWhat is the Monroe doictrine?\\nIt is the doctrine in American politics of\\nnon-intervention of European powers in\\nmatters relating to American continents^\\nand is opposed to any extension of territorj^\\non the part of such powers upon this conti-\\nnent.\\nWhat is meant by the term dark horse?\\nIt is the term applied to the successful\\nnominee of a party who was little known\\nat the time of the nomination, or one whose\\nnomination was not generally expected.\\nTo whom was it first applied?\\nToi James K. Polk.\\nWhen was the first bank of the United\\nStates chartered?\\nBy congress in 1791. It was opened for\\nthe transaction of business in Carpenter\\nHall, at Philadelphia, in December of the\\nsame year.\\nHow may war be declared?\\nOnly by a bill passing both houses of\\ncongress and signed by the president. The\\nsenate may make a treaty of peace.\\nHow did ^^Uncle Sam originate?\\nThe nickname of ^^Uncle Sam, as ap-\\nplied to the United States government, is\\nsaid to originate with Samuel Wilson, com-", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 119\\nmonly called ^^Uncle Sam/ a government\\ninspector of beef and pork, at Troy N. Y.,\\nin 1812. A contractor, Elbert Anderson,\\npurchased a quantity of provisions. The\\nbarrels came marked E. A./ Anderson s\\ninitials\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ^^U. S.^ (United States.) Wilson s\\nworkmen not being- familiar with the lat-\\nter initials, inquired what they meant, and\\none fellow ansv ered, ^^I don t know, unless\\nthey mean Uncle Sam.\\nWho is known as the ^^bewildered con^\\ngressman?\\nJames E, Cobb of Alabama, who, while\\ndelivering an address in congress, having\\nbeen diverted from the order of his re-\\nmarks, said: ^^Mr. Speaker, where am I\\nat?\\nV/hat are the great naval powers of the\\nworld?\\nGreat Britian stands pre-eminently first\\nas the most important, France second, Rus-\\nsia third, Italy fourth and the United\\nStates fifth.\\nWhat is a congressman at large?\\nOne elected by the voters of a whole\\nstate, instead of a single district, which is\\ndone when the existing apportionment by\\ndistricts does not provide for all the repre-\\nsentatives to which the state is entitled.\\nWho is speaker of the house of Lords in\\nEngland?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "120 tlASY LESSONg iN CIVIL GOtERNMENt.\\nThe Lord Chancellor.\\nHow is the speaker of the house of com-\\nmons in England chosen?\\nBy the House, subject to the approval of\\nthe crown.\\nWhat is the difference between the Eng-\\nlish and American enacting clause of a\\nbill?\\nThe English enacting clause reads, Be\\nit enacted by the Queen s most excellent\\nmajesty, by and with the consent of the\\nLords, spiritual and temporal,,\\nand the Commons and by the author-\\nity of the same. The American enacting\\nclause Be it enacted by the Senate and\\nHouse of Representatives of the United\\nStates of America, in Congress assembled.\\nWhen was the first recorded Thanksgiv\\ning day?\\nIn 1631 in the Massachusetts Bay colony.\\nWho appointed the first national\\nThanksgiving day?\\nPresident Washington, for November^\\n1789.\\nWhen was the Tammany society of New\\nYork organized?\\nIn 1789 by William Mooney, an uphol-\\nsterer, and named after St. Tammany, st\\nnoted Delaware chief, of whom it is said\\nhe loved liberty more than life.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "MS^ LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMSJnT. 121\\nWhen was E Pluribus Unum first used\\nas a motto?\\nIt first appeared on coins in New Jersey\\nin 1786, Yflien copjier coins were issued iu\\nthe state, and was suggested by Franklin,\\nJohn Adaniss and Jefferson as a motto of\\nthe United States, and as a design for the\\ngFeat seal.\\nTo whom and when was the first diploma\\ngranted to a woman?\\nTo Mrs. Elizabeth Blackwxll^ Geneva, N.\\nY., in 1849.\\nWhen was letter postage reduced to two\\ncents?\\nIn 1883.\\nWhen y/ere copyright and patent lawfe\\nfirst enacted in this countl y?\\nIn 1784 in South Carolina. Snch a gen-\\neral law passed congress in 1790.\\nWhen and where was the first mint cs^\\ntablished in the English-American col^\\nonies?\\nIn Boston, 16\u00c2\u00a72.\\nWhat special stamp privilege was grant\\ned Washington for life?\\nThat of receiving his letters free of pos-\\ntage, which courtesy has subsequently\\nbeen granted to every President and Ex-\\nPresident and their widows.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "122 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhen was the White House built?\\nThe corner stone was laid in 1792, and\\nfirst occupied by President Adams in 1800.\\nIt was burned by the British in 1814, and\\nrestored in 1817.\\nWhen was Decoration Day established?\\nIt is claimed to have been established in\\n1863, while some claim 1862.\\nWhat state is called the mother of presi-\\ndents ?_\\nVirginia, and it is also called the mother\\nof states, and it was the first state settled\\nof the thirteen states that formed the\\nunion.\\nWho was the author of the expression\\n^^The Almighty Dollar?\\nWashington Irving wrote it as a satire\\non the American love for gain.\\nWhich is the oldest college in America?\\nHarvard college. It was established in\\n1638.\\nWho was known as Alexander, the\\nCoppersmith?\\nAlexander Hamilton, by those who were\\ndissatisfied with the copper cent coined in\\n1793.\\nTo whom were these words applied, All\\nquiet along the Potomac\\nTo Gen. McClelJan, when his arm.y, fully", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 123\\nequipped, remained so long inactive in\\n1861.\\nWhen was ^^^Arbor Day inaugurated?\\nIn 1865, by the state board of education\\nof Connecticut.\\nWho were known as ^^Carpet-baggers\\nThe term was applied to the northerners\\nwho went south after the war for political\\npurposes without intending to permanently\\nsettle.\\nWhen did ^^Copperheads, as an epithet,,\\noriginate?\\nIt was the name given to northern sym-\\npathizers with the south during the civil\\nwar.\\nWhat is the Mason and Dixon line?\\nThe line which separates Pennsylvania\\nand Maryland. It was practically the line\\nwhich separated the free from the slave\\nstates in the east.\\nWho was known as tho Mill Boy of the\\nSluices?\\nHenry Clay.\\nWhat is known as the Cradle of Lib-\\nerty\\nFaneuil Hall, Boston.\\nWhat is knovrn as the dollar of our\\ndads?\\nIt is a nickname for the silver dollar.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "124 fiAS\u00c2\u00a5 LESSONg IN ClVlL GOVERNMENT.\\nWho was known as the Noblest Roman\\nof them all?\\nAllen G. Thurman.\\nWho was known as Old Hickory?\\nAndrew Jackson.\\nWho was commonly called Old Man El-\\noquent?\\nJohn Quincy Adams.\\n1*0 w^iiom was Old Rough and Ready^\\napplied?\\nGen. Zachary Taylor.\\nWho Yvas called Old Saddle Bags?\\nJoseph McDonald, of Indiana.\\nWhen was the first woman s club organ-\\nized in Gel:*many?\\nJanuary, 1897, in Berlin.\\nWho was the first woman novelist?\\nFrances Burney (Madam D Afbley.)\\nWhat is known a^ the Liberty Tree?\\nThe tree on which Andrew Oliver was\\nhung in eftigy in 1765, because he had\\nagreed to become distributer of stamps un-\\nder the famous stamp act, which passed\\nthat yeal\\\\\\nWhen Vv as the fit^st library established\\nin America?\\nIn 1638, at Harvard college^ the first\\npublic library in New York City in 1700.\\nWhat was the last piece of country", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "EASY LESiSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 125\\nbought by the United States from a foreign\\npower?\\nAlaska; bought from Kussia March,\\n1867,, for $7,200^000 in gold.\\nWhen was the first steamboat invented?\\nIn 1807 by Robt. Fulton, and called the\\nSteamer Clermont/\\nWhat is meant by Plymouth Rock?\\nThe place where our forefathers first\\nstepped on land in this country.\\nWhere is this place?\\nAt Plymouth, Mass.\\nWhen was the first newspaper printed in\\nAmerica?\\nIn 1704, The Boston News, published\\nat Boston, Mass.\\nWho wrote the Declaration of Independ-\\nence?\\nThomas Jefferson.\\nWho were the committee to draft the\\nDeclaration of Independence?\\nThomas Jefferson, John Adams, Rob-\\nert Livingston, Benjamin Franklin and\\nRoger Sherman.\\nWhat closed the Revolutionary war?\\nThe surrender of Cornwallis at York-\\ntown, October 19, 1781.\\nTo whom did Ck^rnwallis surrender?\\nTo General Washington.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "126 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEHNMENT.\\nWhen wa^ the treaty of peace signed?\\nSeptember 3d, 1783, at Paris, France.\\nWhat state was admitted into the Union\\nfirst after our independence?\\nVermont, February 18, 1791.\\nGive the year of their death and place\\nour presidents are buried.\\nGeorge Washington died December 14^\\n1799, buried at Mt. Vernon, Va. The fun-\\neral oration was given by Gen. Henry Lee.\\nJohn Adams died July 4, 1826. Buried at\\nBraintree (now called Quincy) near Boston,\\nMass. Thomas Jefferson died July 4th,\\n1826, buried at Monticello, Va. James\\nMadison died June 28th, 1836. Buried\\nMontpelier, Va. James Monroe died July\\n4th, 1831. Buried at Richmond, Va. John\\nQuincy Adams died Feb. 23, 1848. Buried\\nat Quincy, Mass. Andrew Jackson died\\nJune 8, 1845. Buried at Hermitage, near\\nNashville, Tenn. Martin Van Buren died\\nJuly 24, 1862. Buried at Kinderhook, N.\\nY. William Henry Harrison died April\\n4, 1841. Buried fifteen miles west of Cin-\\ncinnati, Ohio. John Tyler died January\\n17, 1862. Buried at Hollywood, near\\nRichmond, Va. Zachary Taylor died July\\n9, 1850. Buried near Louisville, Ky. Mil-\\nlard Fillmore died March 8, 1874. Buried\\nnear Buffalo, N. Y. Franklin Pierce died\\nOct. 8, 1869. Buried at Minot Cemeterjs", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "EASY LESiSONS IN CIVIk GOVERNMENT. 12T\\nN. H. James Buchanan died June 1, 1868.\\nBuried at Lancaster, Pa. Abraham Lin-\\ncoln was assassinated April 14, 180^, at\\nFord s theatre, Washington City, by John\\nWilkes Booth. The president is buried at\\nSpringfield, Ills. Andrew Johnson died\\nJuly 31, 1875. Buried at Greenville, Tenn.\\nUlysses S. Grant died July 23, 1885. Bur\\nied at Eiverside Park, N. Y. Eutherford\\nB. Hayes died January 17, 1893. Buried\\nat Fremont, Ohio. James A. Garfield\\nwas shot by Charles Guiteau at the depot\\nin Washington, D. C, July 2, 1881 and died\\nSeptember 19, 188L He is buried at Cle^-^e-\\nland, Ohio. Chester Allen Arthur died\\nNov. 18, 1886. Buried at New York City.\\nWhat two presidents of the United\\nStates died on the same day, just fifty years\\nafter the signing of the declaration of in-\\ndependence?\\nJohn Adams and Thomas Jefferson both\\ndied July 4, 1826.\\nWhat is known as the famous ^^Charter\\nOakr^\\nWhen Connecticut was asked by Sir Ed-\\nmund Andras to give up her charter, the\\ndocument was taken away and hid in the\\nhollow of an oak tree, and ever since it has\\nbeen called the Charter Oak.\\nWho founded our Smithsonian institute\\nat Washington, D. C?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "128 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL aOVERNMENT.\\nJames Smithson, an Englishman, left a\\nlegacy to the United States ^^for the dis-\\nsemination of knowledge among men.\\nWhen did the government establish this\\ninstitution?\\nIn 1845. It is now a very valuable mu-\\nseum.\\nWhen was the census first taken in the\\nUnited States?\\nIn 1790.\\nWhat was the population then?\\n3,929,214.\\nDo the members of the British parlia-\\nment receive any salary?\\nNo.\\nWho was always known as the ^^Bachelor\\nPresident of the United States?\\nJames Buchanan and Grover Cleveland\\nwere the only bachelor presidents we have\\nhad. Cleveland married before his term\\nof office expired.\\nWhen was the ballot granted the ne-\\ngro in the United States?\\nCongress propoised the XV amendment\\nof the constitution to the state legislatures\\nFeb. 27, 1869, and by March, 1870, was rat-\\nifled by thirty of the states, which gave the\\nvote regardless of color.\\nWhat is known as the Original Pack-\\nage decision?", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 129\\nIn the prohibition states the sale of in-\\ntoxicating liquors was allowed only for\\nmechanical or medicinal purposes. In\\nApril, 1890, the supreme court decided\\nthat such laws were unconstitutional, so\\nfar as they applied to the sale by an im-\\nporter in original packages of liquors man-\\nufactured in and brought from any other\\nstate.\\nWhat was the ^^Congress of the Three\\nAmericas?^\\nIn October, 1889, representatives of the\\nleading governments of Central and South\\nAmerica, together with the republic of\\nMexico, met representatives chosen by the\\nUnited States in a congress held in Wash\\nington, D. C.\\nBy what name is it known?\\nBy the name of the Pan-American Con-\\ngress.\\nWhat was the object of this congress?\\nTo bring about a closer union of Ameri-\\ncans, for the purpos\u00c2\u00bbe of trade and mutual\\nadvantage.\\nHow many countries were represented\\nin this congress?\\nEighteen. The tota,l number of repre-\\nsentatives were 66.\\nWhat did the delegates do while here?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "130 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThey visited the principal commercial\\nand manufacturing cities in the United\\nStates. After doing this they returned to\\nWashington and spent the rest of the win-\\nter and part of 1890 in discussion of busi-\\nness.\\nHow many oflftcers and employes are en-\\ngaged in the civil service department?\\nNearly 200,000.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "EAISY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 131\\nFAMILIAR NATIONAL SONGS.\\nWho wrote the hymn, ^^My (Country, tis\\nof Thee?\\nDr. Samuel F. Smith, Feb., 1832.\\nWho wrote the Battle Hymn of the Re-\\npublic?\\nMrs. Julia Ward Howe, Dec, 1861.\\nWho wrote Marching through Geor-\\ngia?\\nHenry C. Work in 1865.\\nWho wrote Hail Columbia?\\nJoseph Hopkinson, in 1798.\\nWho wrote The Star Spangled Banner?\\nFrancis Scott Key, in 1814.\\nWho wrote All Quiet Along the Poto-\\nmac?\\nEtheiinda Eliot Beers, in 1861.\\nWho wrote Yankee Doodle?\\nThis is disputed, as it i\u00c2\u00ab claimed by many\\nnations.\\nWho wrote Tenting on the Old Camp\\nGround?\\nWalter Kittridge, in 1862.\\nWho wrote ^^Home, Sweet Home?\\nJohn Howard Payne. He wrote this\\nhymn while a wanderer and living in pov*\\nerty in 1823.\\nWho wrote Maryland, My Maryland?\\nJames R. Randall, in 1861.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "132 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWho wrote ^^We ar0 Coming, Father Ab-\\nraham, Three Hundred Thousand Strong\\nThe words were written by John Green-\\nlief Whittier during the war, after Lincoln\\nhad issued a call for 300,000 more men. A\u00c2\u00ab\\nB. Irving set the words to music and it was\\nsung for the first time in Defiance, Ohio,\\nwhere it was received with great enthusi-\\nasm.\\nWho wrote the three popular war songs,\\nJust Before the Battle, Mother, The\\nBattle Cry of Freedom and Tramp,\\nTramp, the Boys are Marching?\\nMr. Geo. T, Boot, Chicago, Ills,", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 133\\nSTATE NAMES.\\n*^Liberty and union one and inseperable,\\nnow and forever/\\nWhat is the origin of the names of the\\ndifferent states?\\nThe names of the Atlantic states are of\\nEuropean origin with the exception of\\nMassachusetts and Connecticut. Most of\\nthe other states are of Indian derivation.\\nCalifornia and Colorado are taken from the\\nSpanish.\\nAlabama from the Creek Indian, mean-\\ning here we rest.\\nArkansas is taken from the French\\n^^arc/ a bow, and the Indian word\\n^^Kansas, smoky waters, meaning a bow\\nof smoky waters. It is called the Bear\\nState.\\nCalifornia means *%ot furnace, and on\\naccount of the s^old is called the Golden\\nState.\\nColorado is from the Spanish and means\\nred, or colored. The name was first given\\nto the Colorado river on account of the red-\\ndish tint of the water. It is called the\\n^^Centennial State.\\nConnecticut, from tlie Indian, Quon-\\nek-ta-cat, meaning long river. It is call-\\ned Nutmeg State, the land of steady\\nhabits, or the Free Stone State.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "134 lEASY LESSONS IN CIVIL aOVERNiM^Nr.\\nDelaware was named in honor of Lord\\nDe la War. It is called the Diamond\\nState and Blue Hen State/\\nFlorida means Feast of Flowers, and\\nis called the Peninsular State.\\nGeorgia, sio-called after George II of\\nEngland, and is known as tiie Empire\\nState of the South.\\nIllinois is from the Indian, meaning A\\ntribe of men, or manly, and is called the\\nPrairie or Sucker state.\\nIndiana, named from the Indians, and is\\ncalled the Hoosier State.\\nIowa, an Indian name^ means the\\nSleepy ones. It is styled the Hawkeye\\nstate.\\nKansas, from the Indians, means Smoky\\nWatbr. It is called the^ ^Garden of the\\nWest,\\nKentucky signifies dark and bloody\\nground. It is called the Corn Cracker\\nState.\\nLouisiana, named after Louis XIV of\\nFrance, is known as the Creole State or\\nPelican State.\\nMaine, was originally called Mayne-\\nland. It is termed the Pine Tree State.\\nMaryland was named in honor of Hen-\\nrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of Eng-\\nland.", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 135\\nMassachusetts is from the Massachusetts\\ntribe of Indians, meaning Blue Hills.\\nIt is called the Old Bay State/^\\nMichigan means The Lake Country\\nand is called Wolverine State.\\nMinnesota gets its name from the Minne-\\nsota Elver, the Indian meaning Sky-tint-\\ned Water/ It is called the. Gnopher\\nState.\\nMississippi, from the river, the Indian\\nMiche Sepe, meaning Father of Waters.\\nIt is called the Bayou State.\\nMissouri, Indian name for river, means\\nMuddy Water. It is known as The\\nPennsylvania of the West.\\nNebraska from the Indian, means Wat-\\ner Valley or Shallow Elver.\\nNevada, from the Spanish means,\\nWhite as Snow, or Snow Clad. It is\\ncalled the Sage Hen State,\\nNew Hampshire, named by George Ma-\\nson whose home was formerly in Hamp-\\nshire Co., England. It is called the Gran-\\nite State.\\nNew Jersey was named in honoT of Sir\\nG^eorge Carterel, one of the governors of\\nthe Island of Jersey in the British Chan-\\nnel. It is called Jersey Blue.\\nNew York was named in honor of the\\nDuke of York, brother of Charles II. It is", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "136 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ncalled the Excelsior State/ and the Em-\\npire State/^\\nNorth Carolina^ named in honor of\\nCharles II. It is called The Old North\\nState, The Tar State/ and The Turpen-\\ntine State.\\nOhio, from the Seneca Indians, O hee\\nyuh, means Beautiful Kiver/ and is called\\nThe Buckeye State.\\nOregon is from the Spanish which means\\nEiver of the West.\\nPennsj^lvania means Penn s Woods\\nnamed in honor of Admiral Penn, father of\\nWilliam Penn. It is called The Key-\\nstone State.\\nRhode Island, Authorities differ as to\\nits origin, but an order was given in 1644\\nwhich decreed that the Island of Newport\\nshould be named the Isle of Rhodes or\\nRhode Island. The name afterwards ex-\\ntended to the whole state. It is nicknamed\\nLittle Rhody.\\nSouth Carolina, named in honor of King\\nCharles II and is called The Palmetto\\nState.\\nTennessfee, from the Indian meaning\\nThe River of the Big Bend. and is called\\nThe Big Bend State.\\nTexas is from the Aztec, meaning\\nNorth Country. Some hold that Texa", "height": "4109", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEiRNMENT. 137\\nis Spanish and means Friends/ It is\\ncalled The Lone Star State/\\nVeirmont, from tjie Fnench for green\\nmountains, vert mont/ and is called the\\nGreen Mountain State/\\nVirginia, named in honor of Elizabeth\\nthe Virgin Queen of England. It is called\\nthe Mother of States and also The Old\\nDominion/\\nWest Virginia formed from the western\\npart of the old state of Virginia, nick-\\nnamed the Pan handle State/\\nWisconsin from Ouisconsin, is the\\nFrench form of an Indian word which\\nmeans A Wild Eushing Elver/ It is\\ncalled The Badger State/\\nDakota an Indian v/ord meaning Al*\\nlies/\\nMontana, means MountainoTis/\\nWashington, named after our first presi-\\ndent.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "138 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL aOVRRNMENT.\\nOUR NEIGHBOEING GOVERNMENTS.\\nMEXICAN GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is tbe form of the Mexican Govern-\\nment?\\nThe government of Mexico is modeled\\nafter that of the United States.\\nHow is its government divided?\\nInto three great governmental branches.\\nWhat are they?\\nTheir national departments, the Judic-\\niary, and the state governments.\\nIs the management of these departments\\nthe same?\\nIt is substantially the same in all.\\nHow is the national government divided\\nLegislative, Executive and Judicial.\\nHow^ is the Republic of Mexico divided?\\nInto twenty-seven states. The Territory\\nof Lower California and the Federal Dis-\\ntrict.\\nWhat constitutes their national law-\\nmaking body?\\nThe Federal Congress (or House) and a\\nFederal Senate.\\nHow many members in the Senate?\\nFifty-two elected by the states in the\\nState Legislature on the plurality vote.\\nHow many members in the lower House?\\n227. They are elected by the people on", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 139\\nthe basis of the population one for every\\n80,000 or a major fraction.\\nHow is the President of Mexico elected?\\nBy the people for a term of four years.\\nWho is Vice-President?\\nThe chief Justice is ex-offlcio Vice-Presi*\\ndent.\\nWhat is the Capitol?\\nThe city of Mexico, both of the Federal\\nDistricts and the Republic.\\nHow is the Supreme Judiciary chosen?\\nBy popular vote for the term of four\\nyears.\\nWhat language is spoken?\\nThe Spanish.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "140 EASY LESSONS IN ClVlL GOVERNMENT.\\nCANADIAN GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is the form of the Canadian Gov-\\nernment?\\nThe form of government is similar to\\nthat of their mother country. The con-\\nstitution is modeled after the British.\\nHow is the Sovereign represented in the\\nDominion?\\nBy a Governor- General, appointed by the\\nCrown*\\nHow long does he hold office?\\nDuring the pleasure of the crown* The\\nconstitution provides for the appointment\\nof a council to aid and advise with the\\nGovernor-General.\\nWhat is this body called?\\nThe Queen s Privy Council. These mem-\\nbers represent the majority of the House of\\nCommons.\\nWhat constitutes the legislative powers?\\nThey are vested in a Senate and House\\nof Commons.\\nHow^ are the Senators appointed?\\nBy the Governor-General for life. A\\nSenator must be thirty years of age and\\nown real and personal property to the\\namount of four thousand dollars above\\nall debts and liabilities.\\nHow many members in the Senate?", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 141\\nThere are 80.\\nHow many members in the House of\\nCommons?\\nThere are 215. Thiey are elected for a\\nterm of five years.\\nWhere does the Canadian Parliament\\nmeet?\\nAt Ottawa.\\nIn the Canadian Parliament there are so\\nmany Frenchmen that all bills and mo-\\ntions are read in French as well as in Eng-\\nlish.\\nHow is Canada divided?\\nInto seven Provinces; Ontario, Quebec,\\nNova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba,\\nBritish Columbia, Prince Edwards Island,\\nand its northtwest Territories.\\nHow are these Provinces governed?\\nThe Governor-General appoints a Lieut-\\nenant Governor for each province. He\\nholds office during the pleasure of the Gov-\\nernor-General, unless appointed after the\\ncommencement of the first session of Par-\\nliament in which case he cannot be re-\\nmo\\\\1ed under five years without a good\\nreason.\\nDoes a province have a legislature?\\nEach province has its own legislature.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "142 EASY LiSSSONS IN CIVIL GOVEENMESNT.\\nThe clock of time has pealed the wo-\\nman s hour. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps.\\nLIST FOR WOMEN S CLUBS.\\nGENERAL LITERATURE. American\\nNovelists.\\nAmerican Story-writel*s.\\nCharacter o^ the Earliest American\\nLiterature and Writers.\\nBirth of American Literature.\\nOur Magazines.\\nAn Afternoon with Poets.\\nSelections from Longfellow Evange\\nline.\\nGerman Literature.\\nGeorge Elliot as a novelist.\\nWomen in Literature.\\nART, MUSia The Outlook for Art in\\nAmerica.\\nAmerican Artists.\\nWomen Artists of America.\\nArt in the Public Schools.\\nEnglish Art.\\nItalian and Grecian Art, and Artists*\\nWhat is Tariff?\\nItalian Sculpture.\\nAmerican Sculptors.\\nFamous American Statues.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 143\\nAmerican Drama and Dramatists.\\nHistory of Music and Musicians of ttie\\n19th Century.\\nOur National Airs.\\nWoman in Music.\\nMusic in the Public Schools.\\nEDUCATIONAL. The Founding of\\nEarly Colleges.\\nHigher Education of Women.\\nThe Ethical Influence of women in Edu*\\ncation.\\nCo-Education.\\nOur Public School system*\\nConversation as a fine Art.\\nThe Educational Value of Women-s\\nClubs.\\nFree Kindergarten as an Economic Fac-\\ntor.\\nCultivation of Literary Tastes in Early\\nLife.\\nAfter the Diploma\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What?\\nFamily Literature.\\nGood Language in the Home.\\nModern Slang.\\nManual Training Schools.\\nHISTOEY AND PEOGEESS. Classic\\nGreece.\\nEome, B. C.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "144 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nQueen Anne and the Important Events\\nof Her Reign*\\nRelation of England to Wales and Ire-\\nland.\\nVictoria as Queen, Wife and Mother.\\nRussia. Its People, Language and Liter-\\nature.\\nInfluence of Europe on America.\\nWashington from the Cradle to the\\nGrave.\\nOur National Holidays.\\nAlaska, its people and how governed.\\nThe Chinese and Japanese in America.\\nOld Spanish Missions in California.\\nThe New South since the War.\\nHow the states received their names.\\nPanama and Nicaraguan Canal.\\nForests and their fate.\\nAmerican Tramps.\\nFamous Arctic Explorers.\\nThe Atlantic Cable.\\nAdvancement of Civilization.\\nThe Colonial Period.\\nCIVIL GOVERNMENT. Our Country s\\nFinancial Problem.\\nNational Taxation and Government\\nBonds.\\nHow were the Colonies Governed?\\nContinental Congress and Declaration of\\nIndependence.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "SASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 14i\\nFormation of Federal Constitution.\\nThe Constitution of the United States*\\nUnited States Mints,\\nOur Navy,\\nOur Postal System.\\nCivil Service.\\nSingle Tax.\\nOur Consular Service.\\nSupreme Court and Jurists.\\nHistory of Banks and the Banking Sys-\\ntem.\\nHistory of English and American Coins.\\nThe Australian Ballot.\\nReciprocity Treaty.\\nThe Arbitration Treaty.\\nECONOMICS. Government ownership\\nof Eailroads, Trusts and Monopolies.\\nOur Monetary System.\\nWoman in the Home.\\nAre American Homes Decreasing?\\nHouse-keeping in the 20th Century.\\nDeflnitei School Training for Domestic\\nService.\\nSOCIAL SCIENCE, PHILANTHEOPY\\nAND KEFORMS. The Sweating System.\\nConflict of Capital and Labor.\\nLabor Unions and how they affect the\\nIndustrial Classes.\\nShould Immigration be Restricted?\\nRecent Socialistic Movements,\\nSlavery.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "146 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nNewspapers as an Aid to Philanthropy.\\nFamily versus Institutional Life for De-\\npendent Classes.\\nRelation of Women^s Clubs to Philan-\\nthropy.\\nUniversity Extension and College Settle-\\nments.\\nThe Industrial outlook for Women.\\nWomen and Money.\\nWomen as Breadwinners.\\nWomen in Politics.\\nWoman s Suffrage in Foreign Countries.\\nWomen in Charity and Reform.\\nSCIENCE. The Theory of Evolution as\\nTaught by Scientists.\\nWhat the World owes to Scientific Dis-\\ncoveries in Medicine and Surgery.\\nWomen as Physicians.\\nHiealth and Heredity.\\nThe Relation of Vivisection to the Medi-\\ncal Sciences.\\nWhich is greater; Environment or Her-\\nedity?\\nInventions and Discoveries of the 19th\\nCentury.\\nGeology.\\nAstronomers and Observatories.\\nAUTHROPOLOGY, The people of Ice-\\nland.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 147\\nCulture and Work of Mound Builders.\\nPueblos and Cliff Dwellers.\\nAztics and Mayas.\\nWomen of the Occident in the Orient,\\nAmerican Indian Tribes.\\nRELIGIONS. Christianity.\\nThe ^oetry of the Bible.\\nNoted Women of the Bible.\\nThe Influence of the Bible on Civili-\\nnation.\\nThe Mormons.\\nJudiasm in America,\\nJudaism B, C.\\nMartin Luther and the Eeformation.\\nMISCELLANEOUS. Noted Women in\\nthe 19th Century.\\nAre Women Witty?\\nomen in Society.\\nThe Art of Entertaining. Its use and\\nabuse.\\nPessimism.\\nOptimism. .j\\nArchaeology.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "148 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\n^^I say what fine things we have thought\\nof, haven t we, all of us? Thackery.\\nQUOTATIONS FOE CLUB CALENDARS.\\n^^The best w^e can do for one another is\\nto exchange our thoughts freely, and that,\\nafter all, is but little. Froude.\\nMan is said to be a sociable animal, and,\\nas an instance of it, we may observe that\\nwe take all occasions and pretenses of\\nforming ourselves into those little assem-\\nblies which are commonly known by the\\nname of clubs. When a set of men agree\\nin any particular, they form themselves\\ninto a kind of fraternity and meet upon\\naccount of such fantastic resemblances.\\nAddison.\\nThe union of women for accomplishing\\nhigh and difficult things is the ladder that\\nraises the climber while it makes the\\nheights accessible.\\nAs thou, thyself, art a component part\\nof a social system, so let every act of thine\\nbe a component part of social life.\\nMarcus Aurelius Antoninus.\\nThe delight in good company, in a pure,\\nbrilliant social atmosphere in which a\\nwise freedom, an ideal republic of sense,\\nsimplicity, knowledge and thorough good\\nmeaning abides, doubles the value of life/", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 149\\nI shower a welcome on you, welcome\\nall/ Shakespeare.\\nAt Christmas play and make good cheer\\nFor Christmas comes but once a year.\\nAll your strength is in your union,\\nAll your danger is in discord.-\\nLongfellow.\\nUse what talents you possess. The\\nwoods would be silent if no birds sang but\\nthose which can sing besf\\nThe union for practical progress knows\\nno class, creed, nationality or sex.\\nAll great men ar;e in some degree in-\\nspired. Cicero.\\nThe first lesson to learn is to be con-\\ntent with simple and common things.\\nKeading furnishes the mind only wath\\nknowledge. It is thinking makes what we\\nread ours. Emerson.\\nThe bee, though it finds every rose has\\na thorn, comes back loaded with honey\\nfrom his rambles. And why should not\\nother tourists do the same? Haliburton.\\nA ciTilization is marked by the com-\\npleteness of its efforts to rescue those that\\nare lost.\\nSome must be great. Great offices will\\nhave\\nGreat Talents. And God gives to every\\nman", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "150 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe virtue, temper, understanding, taste,\\nThat lifts him into life, and lets him fall\\nJust in the niche he was ordained to fill/^\\nCowper.\\nSo God has ploughed his earth farm\\nwith glaciers to make it ready for the home\\nof his children.^^\\nAnd he gave it for his opinion, that who-\\never could make two ears of corn, or two\\nblades of grass, to grow upon a spot of\\nground where only one grew before, would\\ndeserve better of mankind and do more es-\\nBential service to his country, than the\\nwhole race of politicians put together.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Dean Swift.\\nMen will wrangle for religion, write for\\nit, die for it; why don t they try to live for\\nitr^\\nHistory is the great looking glass\\nthrough which we may behold, with ances-\\ntral eyes, not only the various deeds of\\npast ages and the odd accidents that attend\\ntime, but also discover the different ha-\\nmors of men. Howell.\\nThe years teach much which the days\\nnever know.- Emerson.\\nNo past is dead for us, but only sleep-\\ning. Helen Hunt.\\nThere is no past as long as books shall\\nlive. Bulwer.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEiRNMENT. 151\\nThe real object of education is to give\\nchildren rescources that will endure as\\nlong as life endures; habits that time will\\nameliorate, not destroy; occupation that\\nwill render sickness tolerable, solitude\\npleasant, age venerable, life more dignified\\nand useful, and death less terrible.\\nSidney Smith.\\n^^Who learns, and learns, but acts not what\\nhe knows.\\nIs one who ploughs and ploughs, but never\\nsows. Oriental.\\nWe walk to higher paths by reason s\\nlamp, George Eliot.\\nThe University of the world; to which\\nall succeeding ages go to school. Come\\nlet us enter the primary.\\nWe fancy there are many independent\\nsciences, because we stand half way up on\\ndifferent mountain-peaks, calling to each\\noth^er from isolated stations. The mists\\nhide from us the foot of the range beneath\\nus, or w^e should see that all the peaks are\\nbut offsets of one vast mountain-base, and\\nin their inmost root but One!\\nCharles Kingsley.\\nThose who give not till they die.\\nShow that they would not then.\\nIf they could keep it any longer.\\nBishop Hall.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "152 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT..\\nTis the talent of our English nation\\nStill to be plotting some new reformation.\\nDryden.\\nHealth is the soul that animates all the\\nenjoyments of life. Sir W. Temple.\\nMusic is the inarticulate speech of the\\nheart, which can not be compressed into\\nwords, because it is infinite. Wagner.\\nO thou sculptor, painter, poet!\\nTake this lesson to thy heart,\\nThat is best which lieth nearest,\\nShape that from thy work of art.\\nLongfellow.\\nArt is wonderous long; yet to the wise\\nher paths are ever fair. O. W. Holmes.\\nIn framing artists, art hath thus decreed\\nTo make some good, but others to exceed.\\nShakespeare.\\nPainting is silent poetry and poetry i^\\na speaking picture.\\nWhat art can with the potter s art com-\\npare?\\nFor of what we are ourselves of such we\\nmake our ware.\\nTrue art is never fixed but always flow-\\ning. Emerson.\\nA noble farce, wherein kings, republics\\nand emperors have forsomanyyearsplayed\\ntheir parts, and to which the whole vast\\nttniverse serves for a theatre.\\nMontaigne.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "EASY LES.SONB IN CIVIL GOVERiNMENT. 15S\\n^^Transcendent art, exponent of the soul!\\nSoft shade that marks upon the dial plate\\nOf every age, how far has climbed the sun\\nOf man s advancement in the vault of\\nthought/\\nOHILDEEN:\\nYe the better than all the ballads\\nThat ever were sung or said,\\nFor ye are living poems,\\nAnd all the rest are dead.\\nWOMAN. The hand that hath made\\nyou fair hath made you good; the goodness\\nthat is cheap in beauty m^akes beauty brief\\nin goodness; but grace, being the soul of\\nyour complexion, should keep the body of\\nit ever fair. Shakespeare.\\nThy sacred leaves, yon Freedom s Flower^\\nShall ever float on dome and tow^er,\\nTo all their heavenly colors true,\\nTo blackening frost or crimson dew;\\nAnd God loves us as we love thee,\\nThrice holy Flower of Liberty;\\nThen hail the banner of the free,\\nTLe starry Flower of liberty!\\nOliver Wendell Holmes.\\nTis not what man does which exalts\\nhim, but what man would do V^ Browning.\\nTrue civilization is an appreciation of\\nthe rights of others. E. S. Martin.\\nAll things are circular: the past,\\nWas given to make the future great,", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "154 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nAnd the void future shall at last\\nBe the strong rudder of an after fate.\\nGod bless the present! It is all;\\nIt has been future, and it shall be past/^\\nLowell.\\nLanguage is the soil of thought. True\\nvigor and heartiness of phrase do not pass\\nfrom page to page but from man to man,\\nwhere the brain is kindle and the lips sup-\\nplied by down-right living interests.^^\\nLowell.\\nA library may be regarded as the sol-\\nemn chamber in which a man can take\\ncounsel of all that have been wise, and\\ngreat, and good, and glorious amongst the\\nmen that have gone before him.\\nGeorge Dawson.\\nWoman^s Empire, holier, more refined.\\nMoulds, moves and sways the fallen yet\\nGod breathed mind.\\nLifting the earth crushed heart to hope and\\nHeaven.^ Hale.\\nWe live in the most wonderful of lands,\\nand one of the most v/onderful things in\\nit is, that we as Americans find so little to\\nwonder at. I hope to live to\\nsee Americans proud of knowing America\\nand ashamed not to know it.\\nOhas. F. Lummis.\\nGood-bye, I said, my dear friends, one\\nand all of you! I have been long with", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 155\\nyou, and I find it hard parting. I have to\\nthank you for a thousand courtesies, and\\nabove all for the patience and indulgence\\nwith which you have listened to me, when\\nI have tried to instruct or amuse you.\\nMay the Lord bless you all! And we\\nshook hands all around the table.\\nHolmes.\\nIt is the glorious prerogative of the em-\\npire of know^ledge that what it gains it\\nnever loses. On the contrary, it increases\\nby the multiple of its own power. All its\\nattainments help to new conquests.\\nDaniel Webster.\\nNow gentle reader, is our journey ended,\\nMute is our minstrel, silent is our song.\\nGoethe.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "156 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nPEACTIGAL SUGGESTIONS TO PEES-\\nIDENTS AND MEMBEES OF CLUBS.\\nIs it necessary foir members of a club to\\nunderstand parliamentary law?\\nYes, in order to expedite business and\\nprevent friction.\\nWh^tt is meant by parliamentary law?\\nLaws which govern deliberative assem-\\nblies.\\nWhence did we derive our parliamentary\\nusage?\\nFrom the British parliament.\\nWhy are clubs and conventions often\\nrun by a few?\\nBecause a few know parliamentary law\\nand can often carry their points and influ-\\nence the majority.\\nTHE PEESIDENT.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Whataretheduties\\nof the presiding ofllcer?\\nTo preside at the meetings, preserve or-\\nder, put motions to a vote and announce\\nthe result.\\nShould a presiding officer always open\\nthe meeting on time?\\nYes, if a quorum is present. She should\\nalso hold the meeting to the orders of the\\nday in order to finish on time and pre-\\nvent confusion. Much time is often lost\\nby a presiding officer allowing time to be\\nwasted.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMiENT. 157\\nShould a presiding officer have a good\\nknowledge of parliamentary law?\\nYes, she should make herself fully ac-\\nquainted with the rules of order and see\\nthat they are enforced. With this knowl-\\nedge and good common sense, decision and\\nlirmness she can keep order and the house\\nstrictly to business, always showing with\\ntact and grace consideration for others.\\nShe should be prompt,dignifled and impar-\\ntial while in the chair. Be careful to rec-\\nognize members trying to obtain the floor\\non either side of the question. Some pre-\\nsiding officers seem to see only the mem-\\nbers who think as she does on the question\\nand recognizes and gives them the floor.\\nShe can not debate questions while in the\\nchair, but can call some one to preside\\nwhile she is speaking. She should stand\\nwhile stating a motion or making explana-\\ntions; also while taking the vote and\\nshould always announce the result. She\\ncan vote when her vote will affect the re-\\nsult of the question. If she renders a de-\\ncision and an appeal is taken she should\\nnot show resentment, but put the appeal\\nas any other question, remembering any\\nmember has a right to appeal if not satis-\\nfled with the decision. She should\\ndemand respect for negative opinions,\\nminority votes and majority decisions,\\neven if they do differ from her", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "158 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nown views. After election she shjould\\nnot feel that she owns the club and every-\\nthing must go the way she dictates or not at\\nall. She should not feel when she is elect-\\ned that she must hold the office for life,\\nand no one else can fill that place. At the\\nclose of the year, or term of office, she\\nshould not offer her resignation, as her\\ntime is up. And, if, in the* election of of-\\nficers, others are nominated and elected,\\nshe should not feel hurt and refuse to work,\\nknowing that the best interest of the soci-\\nety is greater than the individual and that\\nthe majority should rule. It is not best for\\nany organization, as a rule, to keep the\\nsame officers too long. No organization\\nshould be allowed to die for the want of\\nchange in its officers.\\nTHE MEMBERS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What are the duties\\nof the members of an organization?\\nTo work with the president for the best\\ninterest of the organization. They should\\nassist the chair in keeping order.\\nIs it as important that members under-\\nstand parliamentary law as it is for the\\npresident?\\nYes, because they are the ones to bring\\nthe businiess before the house and to dis-\\npose of the same. They should not think\\nthat the failure or success of the club de-\\npends alone on the president. They should\\nwork with and stand by their president,", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 159\\nthough she may not be the choice of all.\\nThey should be at the opening of the meet-\\ning and not keep the president waiting; and\\nif possible, stay until the close. They\\nshould attend all the meetings of the club,\\nif possible, and help sustain the interest.\\nThey should not come with a poorly writ-\\nten paper if they have had time to give it\\ntheir best thought and consideration. They\\nshould not expect a good club year unless\\nthey have given their best efforts to make\\nit such. They should not blame the presi-\\ndent with an uninteresting meeting, when\\nsome of the members have failed to take\\nthe part assigned them. They should not\\nbe cynical and always criticise the presi-\\ndent when she has put forth her best ef-\\nforts to make the club year a success. If\\nany member has an ugly disposition and\\nnothing is ever right to her, she should\\nwithdraw and give way to one more am-\\niable.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "160 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT,\\nSTATE GOVEENMENTS.\\nIt is impossible for us to give here the\\nform of governments of all the states in de-\\ntail. All the state constitutions are simi-\\nlar, and all must be republican in form and\\nin harmony with the national constitution.\\nThe difference between the national and\\nstate governments, is, the national govern-\\nment deals with national and exterior af-\\nfairs, and the state government deals with\\nstate, and municipal and interior affairs.\\nEach state has a governor and state legis-\\nlature. The duty of the governor of the\\nstate is similar to that of the president of\\nthe United States; but his power is limited\\nto the state. The legislature of the states\\nare almost exactly the same as the national\\nlegislature, having two houses, and ofllcer-\\ned the same. The state governments have\\nthe three departments the same as the\\nnational the executive, the legislative\\nand the judicial. James A. Garfield said in\\nspeaking of state governments: It will\\nnot be denied that the state government\\ntouches the citizen and his interests twen-\\nty times where the national government\\ntouches him once.\\nWe have selected the state of Ohio as\\nan example of our state governments.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT, liil\\nOHIO.\\nHow did Ohio receive its name?\\nFrom the Indians calling the river that\\nforms the southeastern boundary 0-hee-\\nyuh, which means beautiful river.\\nWhen was Ohio admitted into the\\nUnion?\\nFebruary 19th, 1803,\\nWhat was the form of government previ-\\nous to the admission?\\nIt was a territory under the control of\\ncongress. Congress appointed a governor\\nand three judges, who composed the high-\\nest court in the territory.\\nWhere was the first settlement under the\\nauthority of congress?\\nAt Marietta, April, 1788.\\nWhom did congress appoint governor of\\nthe territory in 1787?\\nOeneral Arthur St. Clair.\\nWhen was the first territorial legisla-\\nture chosen?\\nIn 1799. The population had increased\\nBO they were entitled to a legislature.\\nHow was the legislature secured?\\nThe electors elected the members of the\\nhouse, and these members gave ten names\\nto the president of the United States, and\\nhe selected five members as the legislative\\n:ounciL", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "162 EASY -LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nDid the laws passing the legislature at\\nthis time have to be approved by the gov-\\nernor?\\nYes.\\nWas the tierritory represented in con-\\ngress?\\nYes; by a delegate elected by the people.\\nWhen was the constitutional convention\\ncalled to ask for admission?\\nIn 1802, and Ohio was admitted in 1803.\\nWhere did the first general assembly\\nmeet?\\nAt Chillicothe, January 11, 1803.\\nWhere did he move to in 1810?\\nTo Zanesville.\\nWhen did it move to Ck)lumbu^?\\nIn 1816.\\nWhat is the present capitol of Ohio?\\nColumbus.\\nWhen was the present state house com-\\npleted?\\nIn 1856. It covers about four and one-\\nhalf acres of ground.\\nWho was the first governor of Ohio?\\nEdward Tiffin.\\nName the three divisions of the constitu-\\ntion pertaining to our state government.\\nLegislative, executive and judicial.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 163\\nLEGISLATIVE.\\nWhat does article II of the state consti-\\ntution provitle?\\n^^The legislative power of this state shall\\nbe vested in a jijeneral assembly, which\\nshall consist of a senat-e and housi^ of rep-\\nresentatives.^\\nTHE HOUSE OF RErRI^]SENTA-\\nTIVES. How are the membera of the\\nhouse elected?\\nBy the people.\\nHow i\u00c2\u00ab th^ state divided?\\nInto eighty-eight counties.\\nHow is the basis of representation deter-\\nmined?\\nEvei^ ten years the population of the\\nstate is divided by one hundred, and each\\ncounty is entitled to one representative for\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2each ratio. If a county has a population\\nequaled to one-half the ratio, it is entitled\\nto one representative.\\nWhat is done with the counties where\\nthe population is less than one-half the\\nratio?\\nIt is placed in a representative district\\nwith one of the adjoining counties having\\nthe smallest population.\\nWhen are the members of the house\\nelected?\\nAt the general state election, which is", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "164 ASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEiRNMENT.\\nheld the first Tuesday after the first Mon-\\nday in November.\\nFor how long a term are the representa-\\ntives elected?\\nFor two years.\\nHow often are these elections held?\\nEvery two years (the odd numbered\\nyears, as 1895, 1897, etc.)\\nDoes our legislature meet every year?\\nNo: every two years, unless there are\\nspecial sessions called by the governor.\\nWhen does the legislature convene?\\nThe first Monday of January, at ten A.\\nM., in the even numbered years.\\nHow many members are there in the\\nHouse?\\nOne hundred and nine^ inl898.\\nWhat salary is paid our representatives?\\nSix hundred dollars a year, and twelve\\ncents per mile for traveling expenses.\\nORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWho calls the house to order?\\nThe secretary of state or the auditor of\\nstate?\\nAfter calling the house to order what is\\ndone?\\nThe house then proceeds to elect one of\\nits own members as presiding officer.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 165\\nWhat is he called?\\nThe speaker of the house.\\nBesides electing the speaker, who else is\\nelected?\\nA speaker pro tempore.\\nIs he a member of the house?\\niTes.\\nWhat officers are elected?\\nA chief clerk, a messenger clerk, an en-\\ngrossing clerk, and enrolling clerk, a ser-\\ngeantat-arms, three assistant sergeants-\\nat-arms, and pages.\\nAre these members of the house?\\nNo.\\nWhat are the duties of those appointed?\\nTheir duties are similar to those of same\\noffices in the house of congress.\\nHow are the comittees in the house ob-\\ntained?\\nThey are appointed by the speaker.\\nCan the sj^eaker vote on all questions?\\nBeing a member of the house he can do\\nso. He also signs all bills passed. After\\na bill has passed both houses, and has been\\nsigned by both presiding officers a copy is\\nsent to the Secretary of State to be pre-\\nserved. The presenting and passing of\\nbills in the Ohio legislature is similar to\\nthat in congress. (See congress.)\\nWho fixes the ratio of representation?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "I^B EASY LESSONg IN CiViL GOtERNMEFr;\\nA board consisting of the ^oyerBOi aud-\\nitor and secretary of state.\\nWhat is the basis upon which our rep-\\nFesentatives are elected?\\nThe ratio as fixed in 1891 is one repre-\\nsentative for eve?y 36,724.\\nWhich house has the sole right to insti-\\ntute impeachments?\\nThe house of representatives.\\nTHE SENATE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How many senatorial\\ndistricts haye w^e?\\nThirty-three. Each district has one or\\nmore counties.\\nHow is the ratio of representation in the\\nsenate known?\\nThe ratio is ascertained by dividing the\\npopulation of the state by thirty-five. A^\\ncounted in 1891 it was 104,924; so, for this\\nratio the district is entitled to a senator.\\nIf a senatorial district has not this full\\nratio, what is done?\\nThe district is entitled to one senator if\\nit has three- fourths this number of inhab-\\nitants.\\nWhat is done with districts in which\\nthe ratio falls below the required ratio?\\nIt is attached to the adjoining district\\nwhich has the smallest population.\\nHow many senators have we?\\nThirty-six. (1898.)", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 167\\nFor how long is a senator elected?\\nFor two years.\\nHow is he elected?\\nBy the electors of the district he repre-\\nsents. He must have been a resident of\\nthe district for at least one year.\\nWhat salary do senators receive?\\nSix hundred dollars per year^ and twelve\\ncents per mile for traveling expenses.\\nWho presides in the senate?\\nThe lieutenant governor, by virtue of his\\noffice, IS president of the senate. He opens\\nthe senate the first Monday of January at\\nten o clock a. m., and after appointing a\\nclerk pro tempore the roll of the senatorial\\ndistricts is called, after which the senators\\npresent tTieir credentials of election, and\\ntake the oath of office.\\nWhat is then done?\\nA speaker pro tempore is elected from\\namong the senators, who will preside in\\nthe al3sence of the president.\\nWh^t other officials are elected?\\nA chief clerk, a journal clerk, a messen-\\nger clerk, an engrossing clerk, an enrolling\\nclerk, a recording clerk, a sergeant-at-arms\\nand four assistant sergeants-at-arms.\\nHow are the standing committees ob-\\ntained?\\nThey are elected by the senate.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "168 EASY LEISSONS IN CIVIL GOVEftNlvrfiNT.\\nCan the president of the senate vote?\\nNot being a member he can vote only\\nwhen there is a tie.\\nDoes the president sign all bills passed\\nin both houses?\\nYes.\\nHow are bills beaded?\\n^^Be it enacted by the general assembly\\nof the State of Ohio.\\nFor duties of the clerks, pages, commit-\\ntees, etc., presenting and passage of bills,\\nsee Congress, page 17, as they are similar.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "Easy lessons in Civil government, les?\\nTHE EXECUTIVE DEPAETMENT.\\nWhat provision does the constitution\\nmake for the executive department of the\\nstate?\\nThat, the executive department shall\\nconsist of governor, lieutenant governor,\\nsecretary of state, auditor of state and an\\nattorney general, who shall be elected on\\nthe first Tuesday after the first Monday of\\nNovember by the electors of the state, and\\nat the places of voting for members of th^\\ngeneral assembly/^\\nWhat other offices, whose incumbents\\nare elected by the people, have been cre-\\nated by the general assembly?\\nThe offices of commissioner of common\\nschools, members of the boa[rd of public\\nworks and the food and dairy commission.\\nThere are other offices in the state, but\\nthey are appointive.\\nWhen do the officers mentioned in the\\nconstitution enter upon their official\\nduties?\\nThe second Monday in January after\\ntheir election.\\nFor how long are they elected?\\nFor a term of two years, except the audi^\\ntor, who serves for four years. The gove-\\nrnor, lieutenant governor, auditor, treas-^\\nnrer and attorney general are chosen in", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "i?o :ea,sy L\u00c2\u00aeg,goNS in civil government.\\nthe odd -numbered years, and the secretary\\nof state in the even-numbered years.\\nTHE GOVEKNOE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The constitution\\nsays ^^The supreme executive power of the\\nBtate shall be vested in the governor/^\\nHow is he elected?\\nBy the electors of the state.\\nFor how long a time is he elected?\\nEor two years.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nEight thousand dollars.\\nWhat are his powers and duties?\\nIlis duties are to see that the laws are\\nfaithfully, executed. He shall communi*\\ncate at every session by message to the\\ngeneral assembly the condition of the state\\nand recommend such measures as he shall\\ndeem expedient.^^ He can call extra ses-\\nsions of the general assembly on extraor-\\ndinary occasions. He is commander-in-\\nchief of the military and naval forces of\\nthe state, except when they are called into\\nthe service of the United States. He com-\\nmissions all officers of the militia and ap\\npoints his own staff. He has the pov/er,\\nafter conviction, to grant reprieves, com-\\nmutations and pardons for all crimes and\\noffenses, except treason, and in cases of im\\npeachment. He can only grant pardons\\nafter the board of pardons have reported", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CiViL GOVKHNM^ENT. 171\\non the case. He can adjourn the general\\nassembly, if both houses disagree upon an\\nadjournment. He is the custodian of the\\nseal of the state and affixes it to all grants\\nand commissions issued in the name of the\\nstate, and all other documents so required\\nby law. A general record of all official\\nacts, proceedings and appointments are\\nkept in the governor s office.\\nIn case of vacancies in the offices of aud-\\nitor, treasurer, secretary of state or attor-\\nney general, how is the offiCv^. filled.\\nBy appointment from the governor.\\nHas the governor the veto powei-.\\nNo; Ohio is one of the four states in\\nwhich the governor is not vested with thi^\\npower.\\nWhat are the other three states?\\nRhode Island, Delaware and North Car-\\nolina.\\nIf the governor s office is vacant, or he\\niS unable to perform his duties, who fill\u00c2\u00bb\\nthe office?\\nThe lieutenant governor.\\nWhat salary does the lieutenant govera-^*^\\nor receive?\\nEight hundred dollars per year.\\nTHE SECRETARY OF STATE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For\\nhow long is the Secretary of State chosen?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "m Easy l ssons in Civil (jovbrnment.\\nFor two years.\\nWhat bond must he give?\\n1100,000.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe is the custodian of the oflficial copies\\nof all laws and resolutions that have been\\npassed by the legislature, and of all reports\\nof the executive and judicial departments.\\nHe, also, must see that correct copies are\\nprepared for publication, and he distrib-\\nutes them as provided by law. All sta-\\ntistics collected and reported by township\\nassessors, school directors and prosecuting\\nattorneys are kept by him and from these\\nhe publishes, annuallj^, the statistics con-\\ncerning the public and business interests\\nof the state. He, also, provides the seals\\nof office which the governor, judges and all\\nother officers are required by law to use.\\nHe is the state sealer of weights and meas-\\nures. AP articles of incorporation for as-\\nsociations and societies must be filed in his\\noffice. He provides these forms of incorpo-\\nration. He is supervisor of elections, and\\nfurnishes to each county and voting dis-\\ntrict in the state, ballots to be used in state\\nelections, and after the elections he pub-\\nlishes the returns. All commissions issued\\nby the governor are signed by him. He\\npurchases and distributes all official sta-\\ntionery for the use of state officers and\\nmembers of the legislature.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 173\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\n$4,000 per year.\\nTHE AUDITOE OF STATE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how\\nlong a time is the Auditor of State chosen?\\nFor four years.\\nWhat bond is he required to give?\\n$20,000.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe is the bookkeeper of the state. He\\nmust keep a full account of all financial\\ntransactions of the state government.\\nMoney can only be paid out of the state\\ntreasury by an order from him. He must\\nexamine the condition of the state treas-\\nury quarterly and report to the governor.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\n$3,000 per year.\\nTHE TREASUEER OF STATE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For\\nhow long a time is the treasurer of the\\nstate chosen?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat is he required to do before enter-\\ning upon his official duties?\\nTo give a bond acceptable to the govern-\\nor in the sum of $600,000. He receives and\\npays out the money for the state upon or-\\nders issued by the auditor of state. He\\npublishes monthly statements of the con\\ndition of the treasury and makes annual", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "174 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nreports of all money received and paid\\nout.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\n$3,000 per year.\\nTHE ATTOENEY GENEEAL. For\\nhow long a time is the Attorney General\\nelected?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat bond must he give?\\n15,000.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe is the legal adviser of all the execu-\\ntive officers of the state, and of the direct-\\nors of the state public institutions and of\\nthe questions submitted to the state legis-\\nlature. He is also the prosecuting attor-\\nney of all the counties. That is, he prose-\\ncutes cases in the supreme court in which\\nthe state is a party. He represents the\\nstate in the lower courts when required to\\ndo so by the governor. When required by\\nthe governor, state legislature or other\\nproper authority, he brings suit against\\nstate officers for not doing their duty.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nHis salary is |1,500, and fees amounting\\nto about 11*500.\\nTHE COMMISSIONEE OF PUBLIC\\nSCHOOLS. For how long a time is the\\ncommissioner of public schools elected?", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 175\\nFor a term of three years.\\nWhat bond does he give?\\n15,000.\\nWhen does he enter upon his official\\nduties?\\nThe second Monday in July following his\\nelection.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe is required by law to visit annually\\neach judicial district in the state, and con-\\nfer with boards of education, encourage\\nteachers institutes, counsel teachers, visit\\nschools, etc., etc. He represents to the\\nlegislature the condition and needs of the\\ncommon schools of the state.\\nWhat salary does he reeeive?\\n$2,000 per year and traveling expenses.\\nTHE BOAKD OF PUBLIC WORKS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHow many members constitute the board\\nof public works?\\nThere are three. One is elected every\\nyear, and they serve for a term of three\\nyears.\\nWhat great enterprise has been accom-\\nplished through this board?\\nTwo great canals have been built. One\\nfrom Cleveland to Portsmouth, and one\\nfrom Toledo to Cincinnati. These canals\\nare under their supervision. They fix the\\ntoll rates and appoint toll collectors and", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "176 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nlock tenders. The chief engineer is ap\\npointed by the governor.\\nWhat bond is required of each member?\\n130,000.\\nMINOE EXECUTIVE OFFICEES.\\nThere are a great many minor officers and\\nboards, appointed by the governor, with\\nthe consent of the senate, such as a board\\nof pardons, consisting of four members;\\nboard of school examiners, five members,\\nserving five years; state board of agricul-\\nture, twelve members, and serving two\\nyears. Of agricultural experiment sta-\\ntions there are three members, serving\\nthree years, and of the forestry bureau\\nthere are three members, serving six years.\\nThe commissioner of labor statistics serves\\ntwo years. The board of state charities is\\ncomposed of the governor and seven other\\nmembers appointed by him, to serve three\\nyears. A commissioner of railroads and\\ntelegraphs, serving two years; canal com-\\nmissioners, two, serving two years; a board\\nof pharmacy, five members, serving eight\\nyears; a state geologist; commissioners of\\npublic printing, the secretary of state, the\\nauditor of state and the attorney general;\\ncommissioners of sinking fund are also the\\nsecretary of state, the auditor of state and\\nthe attorney general; a board of arbitra-\\ntion, three members, serving three years;\\na board of dental examiners, five members,", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 177\\nserving three years; a free employment bu-\\nreau, five superintendents, serving two\\nyears; inspector of mines, one chief inspec-\\ntor, serving four years, and seven assist-\\nant inspectors, serving three years; inspec-\\ntor of work shops and factories, one chief\\ninspector, serving four ye^rs^ and eleven\\ndistrict inspectors, serving three years;\\nsupervisor of public printing and binding,\\ntvt^o years; state library, the governor, sec-\\nretary of state and the state librarian;\\nthe state librarian, serving two years; live\\nstock commissioners, three members, serv-\\ning three years. The dairy food commis-\\nsioner, since 1891, has been an elective in\\nstead of an appointive office; elected fur\\ntwo years* The superintendent of insur-\\nance and inspector of buildings and Loan\\nassociations serves three years; inspector\\nof oils, two state inspectors, serving two\\nyears, and thirty deputies, serving two\\nyears; state board of veterinary examiners,\\nthree members, serving six years; meteo-\\nrological bureau, three members. Some of\\nthe members of these department execu-\\ntives of the state are ex-officio members.)\\nHow are our state institutions co\\ntrolled?\\nBy a Stat^ Board of Control,", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "178 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nTHE JUDICIAL Y.\\nWhat is meant by the judiciary depart-\\nment.\\nThe constitution says: The judicial\\npower of the state shall be vested in a su-\\npreme court, circuit courts, courts of com-\\nmon pleas, courts of probate, justices of\\nthe peace and such other courts, inferior\\nto the supreme court, as the general assem-\\nbly may from time to time establish.\\nWhat is the duty of the legislative de-\\npartment?\\nTo make laws, and it is the duty of the\\nJudicary to interpret them and to declare\\nwhat is and what is not constitutional law.\\nAnd in order to have this done the judicial\\ndepartment consists of a system of courts.\\nWhat is a court?\\nIt is an organized tribunal established\\nto administer the laws for the people.\\nThese courts are composed of one or more\\njudges.\\nHow are the cases brought for trial?\\nBy attorneys. The clerks of the courts\\nmust record the acts and decisions.\\nWhat is a case before the court called?\\nA suit or law suit. They are either civil\\nor criminal.\\nThe court proper is composed of how\\nmany classes of judges?\\nTwo; the judge and jury.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 179\\nWhat is a jury?\\nA number of men secured according to\\nlaw to inquire into and to determine the\\nfacts concerning a ca\u00c2\u00abe submitted to them,\\nand to render a decision upon the evidence\\nstarted. When a case is heard before a\\njury, the court, or judge, states to the jury\\nthe law relating to the case. This is call-\\ned charging the jury. The jury then is to\\nfind a verdict in harmony with the facts\\nand law.\\nWhat classes of jury have we?\\nThe grand jury and the petit jury.\\nWhat is a civil case?\\nA suit brought to recover a debt, dam-\\nages or to secure civil rights. Civil cases\\nare brought by the injured person or per-\\nsons.\\nWhat is a criminal suit?\\nA criminal suit is brought to convict a\\nperson of crime. In criminal cases the\\nsuit is brought in by the state, represented\\nby officers chosen, the officers being the\\ngrand jurors and the prosecuting attorney.\\nHow are juries secured?\\nThe statutes declare that at the first\\nterm of each year the common pleas court\\nof each county shall determine the num-\\nber of persons necessary to be selected\\nfrom each county annu Mj to serve as petit\\njurors and grand ju/ors in the various\\ncourts of the county.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "180 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL aOVBRNMENT.\\nWho appoints the number determined up-\\non among the townships and city wards?\\nThe clerk of the court.\\nWhen is the appointment of these per-\\nsons made?\\nOn election day the township trustees\\nand city councilmen select the required\\nnumber of persons, and the selections\\nare reported to the clerk of the court.\\nWhat is then done?\\nThe clerk writes the names on separate\\npieces of paper and drops them into a box\\nprovided for that purpose. The number in\\nthe box is always in excess of the number\\nof jurors required.\\nWhen are the names drawn out?\\nAt a certain time before each term of\\ncourt opens the clerk draws from the box,\\nin the presence of the sheriff, twenty-\\nseven namjes.\\nHow^ are these to be divided?\\nFifteen for grand jurors and twelve for\\npetit jurors.\\nWho summons the persons thus se-\\nlected?\\nThe sheriff.\\nAt the beginning of the trial the parties,\\nthrough their attorneys, may question the\\njurors thus selected, and if any objections\\nare found they are excused and the sher-\\niff summons some by-stander to take his\\nplace.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Ijjl\\nWhat compensation do jurors and wit-\\nnesses receive?\\nJurors in common pleas courts receive\\n1?2.00 per day. Witnesses receive one dol-\\nlar per day and five cents per mile eacb\\nway. If there is a jury in the justice of tne\\npeace court trial they are paid seventy-five\\ncents per day each, and the witnesses are\\npaid fift:y cents per day.\\nTHE TRIAL.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is the party bring-\\ning the suit called?\\nThe plaintiff.\\nThe party against whom the suit is\\nbrought is called what?\\nThe defendant.\\nWho presents the case to the court?\\nThe attorneys employed by both parties,\\nunless it is a case where the state is the\\nplaintiif, such as criminal cases. Then\\nthe prosecuting attorney represents the in-\\nterests of the state.\\nDescribe a trial by jury.\\nThe statutes provide as follows: A jury\\nis secured and sworn in. Then the plain-\\ntiff states his claim and briefly states the\\nevidence by which he expects to sustain it.\\nThe defendant then briefly states his de\\nfense and the evidence he expects to offer\\nin support of it. Witnesses of the plain-\\ntiff are sworn in and examined by the coun-\\nsel for the plaintiff, after which they may", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "I\\n1S2 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMEIJ^T.\\nbe cross-examined by the Gounsel of the\\ndefendant. The counsel of the defendant\\npresents his witnesses, each one is examin-\\ned, then both the plaintiff and the defend-\\nant presents to the jury arguments in fa-\\nvor of their side of the question, and the\\njudge of the court instructs the jurors, af-\\nter interpreting the law as applied to the\\ncase, a^d the jurors retire.\\nThe jurors must be kept together iis\\nsome convenient place under the charge\\nof an officer, until they agree upon a ver-\\ndict, or are discharged by the court, sub-\\nject to the discretion of the court to per-\\nmit them to separate temporarily at\\nmeals. The officer having them in\\ncharge shall not suffer any communica-\\ntion to be made to them or make any him-\\nself except to ask them if they have a-\\ngreed upan theii verdict, unless y order\\nof the court\\nWhat is done if the jury disagree?\\nThe judge dismisses the case and it\\nstands as if it had not been tried.\\nIf they agree and a verdict is returnedy\\nwhat is done?\\nThe verdict is reduced to writing and\\nsigned by the foreman; the jurors are then\\ntaken to the court room, their names called\\nby the clerk, and the verdict rendered by\\nthe foreman, then the clerk reads the ver-", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 1S3\\ndiet to the jury and inquires whether it is\\ntheir verdict. If it is a civil case the judge\\norders the sheriff to enforce the verdict.\\nIf it is a criminal case the judge pronounc-\\nes sentence against the accused and directs\\nthe sheriff to carry it into effect.\\nWhat is the highest court in the state?\\nThe supreme court.\\nHow many judges has it?\\nSix, one elected each year, and who\\nserves a term of six years.\\nWhen does their term begin?\\nIn February next after their election.\\nWho is the chief justice?\\nEach year the judge whose term of oflSce\\nhas most nearly expired becomes the chief\\njustice of the state.\\nWhat is the salary of the judges of the\\nsupreme court?\\n14,000 a year.\\nWhen does the term of the supreme\\ncourt open?\\nIn January, beginning the Tuesday after\\nthe first Monday.\\nWhere is it held?\\nIn Columbus.\\nWhat number is necessary to render a\\ndecision?\\nA majority.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "184 EASY LESSONS IN CXVlL GOVERNMENT;\\nHow is tbe clerk of the supreme court\\nelected?\\nBy the people of the state, for a term of\\nthree years.\\nWhat is done if a case is brought from\\na lower court aud the supreme court is\\nevenly divided?\\nThe decision of the lower court is re-\\ngarded as final.\\nWhat is meant by the jurisdiction of the\\nsupreme court?\\nIt means that it has power to hear and\\nexamine cases. It is both original and\\nappellate.\\nWhat is meant by original?\\nThat a case or suit must begin in that\\ncourt.\\nWhat is meant by appellate jurisdiction?\\nWhen a case is carried up from a lower\\nto a higher court, for the sake of having\\nthe decision of the lower court re-examin\\ned.\\nDoes the supreme court have a jury?\\nNo; and no new evidence as to the fact\u00c2\u00bb\\nin the case is admitted. The supreme\\ncourt either affirms the decision of the low-\\ner court, modifies or reverses it, or sends\\nthe case back to be tried again.\\nIs the decision of the state Supreme\\nCourt final?", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "EfASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 18\\nYes; except where the oonstitution and\\nlaws of the United States are involved. In\\nsuch cases an appeal may be taken to the\\nUnited States supreme court.\\nAre all decisions published?\\nYes; the court has a reporter who pre-\\npares the decisions for publication.\\nTHE OIKCUIT COURT.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is the\\nstate divided?\\nThe counties of the state are grouped\\ninto eight judicial circuits, with one circuit\\ncourt in each.\\nHow many judges in each circuit?\\nThree; one elected biennially for a term\\nof six years. They are elected by the vot-\\ners. The circuit courts have both appel-\\nlate and original jurisdiction. The main\\nwork of the circuit court is the rehearing\\nof the cases on appeals or errors from the\\nnext lower court.\\nHow many terms of court are held a\\nyear?\\nThere must be two terms of court held\\nevery year in each county.\\nHow are the terms fixed?\\nThe third Tuesday of September the cir\\ncuit judges meet at Columbus and fix the\\ntime for the court to meet in each county^\\nand the clerks of the courts are thus in-", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "186 EASY LESSONS IN CiViL GOVE ENMENT.\\nformed. This order is recorded and pub-\\nlished in the newspapers.\\nWhat salaries do these judges receive?\\n|4,000 a year.\\nTHE COURTS OF COMMON PLEAS.\\nHow many common pleas districts ire\\nthere in the state?\\nThe state is divided into ten common\\npleas districts, and if they contain three or\\nmore counties they are divided into three\\nsub-divisions each.\\nHow are the judges elected?\\nBy the sub-districts, the number being\\nfixed by law.\\nHow long do they serve?\\nFor a term of live years.\\nHas this court original and appellate\\njurisdiction?\\nYes; a great many cases of importance\\nbegin here, and cases are appealed fiom\\nlower courts to this.\\nHow many terms are held each year?\\nThere must be at least three sessions\\nheld in each county every year.\\nWhat salaries do these judges receive?\\n12,500 a year each, except where the leg-\\nislature authorizes an extra salary in some\\ndistiicts where the work is very heavy.\\nThe extra salaries are paid by the county.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "Easy lessons in civil aoVERNMENT. 187\\nIn Hamilton county the judges receive $6,-\\n000 and in Cuyahoga county |5,000.\\nTHE JUSTICE OF THE PEACE AND\\nTHE MUNICIPAL COURTS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How are\\nJustices of the Peace elected?\\nBy the electors in the township in which\\nthey live. The state is divided into town-\\nships and each township has one or more\\njustices of the peace.\\nWhat authority has a justice of the\\npeace?\\nTo try civil cases involving small\\namounts. He can cause the arrest of per-\\nsons suspected of committing crime, and\\nif guilty either have them sent to jail or\\nput under bond for their appearance in the\\nnext term of the court of common pleas*\\nWhat is the lowest of all the courts?\\nThat which is held by the justice of the\\npeace. He tries many cases of petty of-\\nfences.\\nHas the justice of the peace any author-\\nity outside of the township in which he is\\nelected?\\nNo.\\nFor how long a term are justices of the\\npeace elected?\\nThree years.\\nWhat courts besides these are held in\\ncities and villages?\\nMayor s or police courts, where persons", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "1S8 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nare tried for petty offenses.\\nWhat provision does the constitution\\nmake for probate courts?\\nThe constitution says: The probate\\ncourt shall have jurisdiction in probate and\\ntestamentary matters, the appointment of\\nadministrators and guardians, the settle-\\nment of the accounts of executors, admin-\\nistrators and guardians, and such jurisdic-\\ntion in habeas corpus, and the issuing of\\nmarriage licenses, and for the sale of land\\nby executors, administrators and guardi-\\nans, and such other jurisdiction, in any\\ncounty or counties, as may be provided by\\nlaw.\\nHow many probate courts have we in\\nthe state?\\nEighty-eight. One in each county.\\nHow many probate judges have we?\\nEighty-eight. One for each county.\\nThey are elected for a term of three years.\\nWhat special act passed tne state legis-\\nlature in March, 1896?\\nAn act creating for Cuyahoga county a\\ncourt of insolvency, with a judge elected\\nfor five years, and who receives the same\\nsalary as the probate judge of the county,\\n$5,000.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 1S9\\nTHE MILITIA.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is the state mi-\\nlitia?\\nIt is a military organization of the state.\\nWhat provision does the constitution\\nmake pertaining to the militia?\\nThat all white male citizens, residents\\nof this state, being eighteen years of age,\\nand under the age of forty-five years, shall\\nbe enrolled in the militia, and perform mil-\\nitary duty, in such manner, not incompati-\\nble with the constitution and laws of the\\nUnited States, as may be prescribed by\\nlaw/\\nWhat does the above statute mean?\\nThat although all persons are enrolled,\\nthey are only liable to be pressed into ser-\\nvice in case of war.\\nHave we an organized militia in the\\nstate?\\nYes; the Ohio National Guards, compos-\\ned of volunteers of military age, enlisting\\nfor five years.\\nWho are exempt from this law?\\nIdiots, lunatics, convicts and persons*\\nwhose religious faith prevent them from\\ngoing to war or carrying arms.\\nWho is commander of the state military\\nforces?\\nThe governor, except when they are call-\\ned out in the United States service.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "190 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat appointments for the militia are\\nmade by the governor?\\nThe adjutant general, quartermaster-\\ngeneral and such other officers as are pro-\\nvided for by law.\\nWho is the chief of the governor s staff?\\nThe Adjutant General.\\nSTATE INSTITUTIONS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What of the\\nstate institutions?\\nOhio has a great many state institutions,\\nsuch as educational, penal, reformatory\\nand institutions for the unfortunate.\\nHow are these institutions supported?\\nBy the state.\\nHow are the appointments of these insti-\\ntutions made?\\nBy the trustees, and confirmed by the\\ngovernor.\\nEDUCATION.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What provision does\\nthe state constitution make for our public\\nschools?\\nIt says: The general assembly shall\\nmake such provision by taxation and oth-\\nerwise, as, with the income arising from\\nthe school trust fund, will secure a thor-\\nough and effective system of comon schools\\nthroughout the state; but no religious or\\nother sect, or sects, shall ever have any ex-\\nclusive right to, and control of, any part\\nof the school funds of the state.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a9ASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 191\\nHow is the state divided?\\nInto small school districts, so that all\\nmay have the advantage of the free public\\nschools.\\nHow is the money raised to support our\\npublic schools?\\nBy tax, mostly.\\nWho is the official head of the public\\nschools in the state?\\nThe state commissioner of common\\nschools.\\nWhen was the law passed granting wo-\\nman suffrage in school elections?\\nIn 1894.\\nINCOEPOKATIONS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is meant\\nby incorporations?\\nIt means the binding together, or unit-\\ning in one body.\\nWhat are the first steps to incorporate?\\nThe statutes say: Any number of per-\\nsons, not less than five, a majority of whom\\nare citizens of this state, desiring to be-\\ncome incorporated, shall subscribe and ac-\\nknowledge, before an officer authorized of\\ntake acknowledgments of deeds, articles of\\nincorporation, the form of which shall be\\nprescribed by the secretary of state.\\nWhat must these articles contain if for\\nprofit?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "192 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nFirst, the name of the corporation; sec-\\nond, where the corporation is to be located;\\nthird, the purpose of said corporation, and\\nthe number of shares into which the stock\\nis divided.\\nIf it is for non-profit, v/hat do the articles\\ncontain?\\nFirst, the name of the association; sec-\\nond, where located or place of principal\\nbusiness, together with the names and res-\\nidences of the principal officers; third, the\\npurpose of the incorporation.\\nWhat is then done?\\nA charter is issued to the persons named\\nin the application for the incorporation.\\nELECTIONS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is meant by an\\nelector?\\nEvery male citizen of the United States\\nof the age of twenty-one years and women\\nwhen they vote.\\nHow long must they be residents of the\\nstate?\\nOne year, and thirty days in county; and\\nin the township, village or ward, twenty\\ndays.\\nWho are prohibited by the constitution\\nfrom voting?\\nPersons convicted of bribery, perjury,\\ncrime, also idiots and insane people.\\nCan women vote in Ohio?\\nOnly on the school question.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 193\\nHow are the candidates for office nom-\\ninated?\\nBy the political parties at nominating\\nconventions, and at the primaries.\\nWhat are primaries?\\nBy primaries is meant the meetings of\\nthe members of a political party in a dis-\\ntrict or precinct to nominate candidates\\nfor office or to elect delegates to a conven-\\ntion. The law prescribes how the pri-\\nmaries shall be held and the committees of\\nthe party fixes the dates.\\nWhat is a nominating convention?\\nA convention of chosen delegates to nom-\\ninate candidates.\\nHow^ are candidates chosen?\\nSometimes in primaries and sometimes\\nin conventions. County officers are chosen\\nusually at a delegated convention dele-\\ngates chosen in primaries in the township\\nand in city wards.\\nHow are the state officers chosen?\\nBy a delegated convention composed of\\ndelegates chosen from the counties.\\nHow are the state senators nominated?\\nBy senatorial district conventions com-\\nposed of delegates.\\nHow is the President and Vice-President\\nof the United States nominated?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "194 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nBy a nominating convention of delegates\\nfrom the states.\\nTo how many delegates is each state en-\\ntitled in a National Convention?\\nTo twice as many delegates as it has\\nmembers in Congress. Ohio is entitled\\nto forty-six delegates.\\nHow^ are the delegates elected?\\nFour are elected at the state convention\\nand are called delegates-at-large and the\\nothers are elected by the congressional\\nconventions in the state.\\nAre the territories represented in Na-\\ntional conventions?\\nUsually two or more are admitted from\\neach territory.\\nWho is at the head of the elections in\\nthe state?\\nThe State Supervisor of Elections.\\nWho is this?\\nBy virtue of his office the Secretary of\\nState. He controls all elections except\\nfor school directors and road supervisors.\\nWho appoints the county board of Dep-\\nuty State Supervisors?\\nThe State Supervisor of Elections ap-\\npoints for each county four members as the\\nboard of elections. They are appointed\\non or before the first Monday of August,\\ntwo biennially and for a term of four years.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT, 195\\nWhen do these deputy supervisors meet\\nand organize?\\nThey meet at the county commissioners\\noffice at least thirty days before the No-\\nvember election and choose oneof the mem-\\nbers for clerk and one for president.\\nWhat are the duties of these deputies?\\nThey must appoint, annually, judges and\\nclerksi of elections for every voting pre-\\ncinct. The law requires that they ^^shall\\nadvertise and let the printing of ballots,\\ncards of instruction and other required\\nbooks and papers to be printed by the\\ncounty. They see that each precinct is\\nprovided with ballots^also poll books, tally-\\nsheets and other required books and pa-\\npers belongfng to each polling place.\\nThey must, also, see that suitable polling\\nplaces are provided for the voters accord-\\ning to law.\\nCan a person who is a candidate serve\\nas a judge or clerk of elections?\\nNo.\\nHow many efflcers are required at each\\nelection precinct?\\nThe board of deputy state supervisors,\\nat least ten days before the election, ap-\\npoints for each precinct four judges and\\ntwo clerks, (except in cities where the vo-\\nters must register where they are appoint-\\ned by the city board of elections.) There", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "196 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ncannot he more than two judges and one\\nclerk belonging to the same political par-\\nty.\\nDo all judges and clerks have to take\\nthe loath of office?\\nYes.\\nCan a judge or clerk challenge a voter\\nas to his right to vote?\\nYes.\\nWhat are the duties of the judges and\\nclerks?\\nThey, on the daj of election, receive and\\ncount the ballots and send in the returns.\\nWhat compensation do these judges re-\\nceive?\\nFor meeting the county board, receiving\\nthe ballots, blanks, and papers to hold an\\nelection, the presiding judge receives two\\ndollars, and, also, five cents per mile travel-\\ning to and from the county seat; and those\\ncarrying in the returns receive the same.\\nThe judges and clerks of elections receive\\nthree dollars for each election. For com-\\npensation of judges and clerks in cities of\\nthe first and second class see revised stat-\\nutes.\\nREGISTRATION OF VOTERS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What\\nis required of cities of the first and second\\nclass?\\nThe electors must register annually be-\\nfore the November election.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "SASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT, ^dl\\nHow is this done?\\nThe board of elections appoint two of\\nthe judges of each precinct of different par-\\nties, and on certain days electors must reg-\\nister to be entitled to vote.\\nNOTICE OF ELECTION.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is re-\\nquired of the sheriff of each county before\\nelection?\\nFifteen daj^s before the November elec-\\ntion he issues a proclamation throughout\\nthe county, of the time, and place of hold-\\ning the election and officers to be voted for.\\nHow is this done?\\nHe is required to post copies of his proc-\\nlamation at the polling places and publish\\nit in the newspaper.\\nHow aTe municipal elections announced?\\nIn a similar way only by the mayor in-\\nstead of the sheriff.\\nHow are the township elections an-\\nnounced?\\nBy the truBtees, the constable posting\\nthe notices in the polling places.\\nWhen is the state and county election\\nclay for electing members of Congress,\\nthe President, and all stat^i and county\\nofficers?\\nThe first .Tuesday after the first Monday\\nin November.\\nWhen are the tow^nship and municipal\\nofficers elected?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "1^8 EAST LESSONS IN ClVlL GOVEENM^Nf\\nThe first Monday in April.\\nAUSTKALIAN BALLOT.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is our\\npresent system of voting?\\nThe Australian and is known to us as\\nthe Australian Ballot. It was first used\\nin Australia in 1857.\\nWhen was it first used in this county?\\nIn 1888 it was used in St. Louis, Ky.^^\\nand in some places in Mass.\\nHave all states adopted this system of\\nvoting?\\nNearly alL\\nWhat advarttage has the pTesent system\\nover the old way of voting?\\nNow evefy voter can fleposit a secret\\nballot and he avoids intimidation.\\nAt what hour on election day are the\\npolls declared opened?\\nAt 5:30 a. m. (standard time) the presid-\\ning judge of election declares the polls opetil\\nand at 5 :30 p. m. they are closed except in\\nCincinnati where they are closed at 4 p. m.\\nHow are the voting places arranged?\\nThe law requires the room in which the^\\nelection is to be held to be divided inta\\ntw^o parts by a railing. One place for the\\nelection officers and the ballot box and the\\nother part is made into closets called vot-\\nmg booths.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 1^9\\nWhat is the first thing an elector does\\nupon entering the voting place?\\nHe gives his name and address to the\\nofficer and if his name is on tlie register s\\nor assessor s book he is given an official\\nballot.\\nWhat is on the ballot?\\nThe names of the candidates of all the\\ndifferent parties. These are arranged in\\nseperate columns. No ballots but those\\nprepared and provided by law can be\\nused.\\nWhat does the elector do next?\\nHe retires to one of the voting booths\\nand, in private, prepares his ballot.\\nCan two persons occupy the same booth\\nat the same time?\\nNo.\\nHow long is he allowed to prepare his\\nballot?\\nFive minutes.\\nWith what must all marks be made?\\nWith a black lead pencil.\\nIf the elector spoils the first ballot what\\ncan he do?\\nSecure others, one at a time, until he has\\nhad three.\\nWhat becomes of the soiled ballots?\\nThey are delivered to the officers and\\nimmediately destroyed.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "^00 ETASt LESSONS IN ClVlL GOVEiRNM^NTt\\nIf the elector is unable to mark his own\\nballot what can he do?\\nAsk for assistance. Then two judges of\\ndifferent political parties help him mark\\nit or mark it for him.\\nIf the elector wants to vote a straight\\nticket/^ (that is for every candidate of his\\npolitical party y) how does he mark his bal-\\nlot?\\nHe makes a cross (x) within the circle at\\nthe head of the column containing the\\nnames of all the candidates of his party.\\nIf he wishes to vote a ^^mixed ticket or\\nfor only a part of the ticket how does he\\nmark his ballot?\\nHe makes a cross (x) opposite the namej*\\nof the candidates for whom he wishes to\\nvote.\\nIf the elector wishes to vote for any per-\\nson whose name does not appear on the\\nticket can he do so?\\nYes, by filling in the blafik space which\\nis left on the ticket foir that purpose.\\nWhat then i^ done with the ballot?\\nBefore leaving the booth the elector\\nfolds his ballot so as not to display the\\nmarks thereon. The ballot is then giveij\\nto one of the election officers who detaches\\nthe secondary stub bearing the electors\\nregistered number or name, and deposits\\nthe ballot in the ballot box. The second-", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "EAsy LESSOnS in CiViL GOVE.RNMENT. 201\\nary stubs are preserved until the polls are\\nclosed and then they are destroyed, before\\nthe ballot box is opened, together with\\nthe unused ballots.\\nWhat is next done?\\nThe judges and clerks must then certify\\non the poll books the number of electors\\nentered and voted. The presiding judge\\nthen proclaims in a loud voice outside the\\npolling room the number of votes so shown\\non the poll books.\\nWhat is then done?\\nIf it is a registered precinct they are\\nchecked off on the duplicate registers.\\nThe ballot box is then opened and all the\\nballots are first counted by the judges.\\nWhat is done if there are more ballots\\nin the box than the number entered in the\\npoll- books?\\nOne of the- judges, with his back to the\\nballot box, and without seeing, draws out\\nand destroy!^ the number equal to the ex-\\ncess.\\nHow are the ballots counted?\\nOne of the judges takes the ballots from\\nthe box, one at a time and reads aloud,\\nwhile the ballot is in his hand, all the\\nnames on- the ballot. He then hands it to\\nthe other judges for inspection.\\nWho keeps the tally-sheet?\\nThe clerks.", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "202 EASY LESSONS IN ClVlL GOVERNMENT.\\nAfter all ballots have been counted\\nwhat is done?\\nThe tally-sheets are signed by the judges\\nand clerks and returns are made to the\\nproper officers as required by law.\\nWhat is done with the ballots after they\\nhave been counted?\\nThey are burned by the judges.\\nTHE COUNTY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is the state of\\nOhio divided?\\nInto sub-divisions, called counties-\\nHow many counties have we?\\nEighty-eight.\\nWhat is the county seat of a county?\\nIt is where the court house is located\\nand the important official business of the\\ncounty is transacted.\\nWhat are the county officers?\\nCommissioners, auditor, treasurer, re-\\ncorder, survej^or, infirmary directors, clerk\\nof courts, sheriff, coroner, prosecuting at-\\ntorney and probate judge.\\nWhen does the election of these officers\\ntake place?\\nThe constitution says: ^County officers\\nshall be elected on the fil st Tuesday after\\nthe first Monday in November by the elect-\\nors of each county in such manner, and for\\nsuch term, not exceeding three years, as\\nmay be provided by law.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "Easy leissOns in Civil (iavfinNMENT. 202\\nWhen these officers are elected, what are\\nthey required to do?\\nTo take the oath of office and give bond.\\nWho gives them a certificate of election?\\nThe governor.\\nTHE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHow many commissioners has each\\ncounty?\\nThree; one member being chosen each\\nvear, and the term of office is for three\\nyears.\\nHow often are they required to m^et?\\nOnce in three months at the county seat.\\nWhat are their duties?\\nTo look after the condition of our roads\\nand ditches and build and repair bridges.\\nThey have supervision of county property.\\nThey are required to furnish and maintain\\na court house, a jail, an infirmary, and\\nfurnish offices for the county officers. They\\nmust let the contracts for erection of coun-\\nty buildings, furnishings, repairs, etc. It\\nis their duty to make the levy of taxes for\\nthe support of the county.\\nWhat salaries do county commissioners\\nreceive?\\nIn most counties they receive $3.00 per\\nday for working days, but in some counties\\nthere is a fi:^ed annual salary.\\nWho is the secretary of the board?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "204 EASY bfiSSONg IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe county auditor.\\nWhat bond are the commissioners re-\\nquired to give?\\nNot less than |5,000.\\nTHE TEEASUREE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is the treas^\\nnrer elected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of two years*\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe coliecti^ all taxes and pays out the\\nmoney from the county treasury. If tax\\npayers do not pay their taxes he causes the\\nproperty to be advertised and sold at pub-\\nlic sale for same. He must keep his ac*\\ncounts open to the inspection of the com--\\nmissioners.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nIt is not the same in all counties, and it\\ndepends upon the amount of taxes collect-\\ned, as he gets a percentage.\\nV/hat bond must he give?\\nThis is directed by the county commis-\\nsioners.\\nTHE COtJNTY AUDITOE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is the\\ncounty auditor elected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of three years*\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe is the bookkeeper of the county, and\\nmust keep the account of all money receiv\\ned and paid out by the county treasurer.\\nMoney can only be paid out of the treasury", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 205\\nby warrants issued by the auditor. He\\nmust make a list of all taxable property in\\nthe county, as furnished by the assessors.\\nHe must furnish county treasurers dupli-\\ncate tax lists. By virtue of his office he is\\ncounty sealer of weights and measures.\\nThe auditor and treasurer must make set-\\ntlements twice a year.\\nWhat bond does he give?\\nNot less than |5,000.\\nTHE EECORDER.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is the record-\\ner elected?\\nBy the electors of the county, for a term\\nof three years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe must keep the official copies of all\\nlegal papers pertaining to the transfer of\\nhouses and lands. He records mortgages,\\nlooks after the titles of land, and when\\nland is sold the deeds are recorded by him\\nat the county seat.\\nDoes he receive a stated salary?\\nNo he is paid by those transacting busi-\\nness with him, who have papers recorded.\\nWhat bond is he required to give?\\n$2,500.\\nTHE COUNTY SURVEYOR.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is\\nthe county surveyor elected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of three years.\\nWhat are his duties?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "206 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHe must make all survey** of lands when\\nthe boundaries are disputed in court, un-\\nless the parties or court agree upon some\\none else. He must survey all lands that\\nare sold for taxes. County roads, ditches\\nand bridges, etc., are surveyed by him.\\nWhat bond is he required to give?\\nTwo thousand dollars, with two or more\\nsecurities to the satisfaction of the county\\ncommissioners.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nHe receives as salary whatever is order-\\ned by the county commissioners for Ms\\nwork.\\nTHE INFIRMARY DIRECTORS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHow are the Infirmary directors elected?\\nIn counties where they have infirmaries,\\nor county poor houses supported by the\\ncounty, the electors of the county elect\\nthree directors, one each year, to serve a\\nterm of three years.\\nWhat are the duties of these directors?\\nTo look after the general management\\nof the infirmary. To appoint a superintend-\\nent and fix his salary. They usually ad-\\nmit i)aupers to the infirmary upon infor-\\nmation of the trustees of the township.\\nThe directors make the rules that govern\\nthe institution. They must make semi-an-\\nnual reports to the county commissioners.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "I\\nEASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 207\\nWhat salary do they receive?\\nTwo dollars and fifty cents for every day\\ndevoted to official work.\\nWhat bond do they give?\\nNot less than |2,000, nor more than\\n130,000.\\nTHE COEONER.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is the coroner\\nelected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of two years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nWhen the body of a person whose death\\nis supposed to have been caused by\\nviolence, is found in the county, it is re-\\nported to the coroner, and he must hold\\nan ^4nquest, or examination, for the pur-\\npose of finding out how the person met\\nwith death. He has the power to issue\\nsubpoenas for witnesses, if necessary. If\\nhe finds that death was caused by another\\nperson he can cause such person to be\\nplaced under arrest and brought to trial.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nFor each inquest he is allowed three dol-\\nlars and all the necessary expenses; but in\\nall counties containing a city of the second\\nor third class, the coroner is paid, in lieu\\nof fees, a salary of two thousand dollars a\\nyear.\\nWhat bond does he give?\\nNot less than |5,000, nor more than $50,-", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "208 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\n000. The sum is fixed by the county com-\\nmissioners.\\nTHE SHEEIFF.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how long is the\\nsheriff elected?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nAs he is the ministerial officer of the\\ncourts, he or a deputy must attend the\\ncourt of common pleas and circuit courts.\\nHe must preserve the public peace and\\ncause the arrest of all offenders against it,\\nand cause them to be brought to trial. He\\nserves all subpoenas issued to witnesses,\\nexcept those issued by justices of the\\npeace. He has charge of prisoners on trial\\nand of the witnesses, and summons jurors.\\nHe has charge of the county jail and pris-\\noners. Hte must always serve notice or\\nissue a printed proclamation of all general\\nelections. He must conduct the sale of\\nproperty when it has been ordered to be\\nsold focp debts.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nHe has no stated salary, but is paid by\\nfees for the various duties he must per-\\nform, or the amount of business done.\\nWhat bond must he give?\\nNot less than |5,000, nor more than |50,-\\n000, which is fixed by the county commis-\\nsioners.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEiRNMENT. 209\\nTHE OLEKK OF THE COUKTS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For\\nhow long is the clerk of the courts elected?\\nFor a term of three years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe must act as clerk of the court of com-\\nmon pleas, and the circuit court of the\\ncounty. The clerk must enter all orders,\\ndecrees, judgments and proceedings of the\\ncourts, and must make a complete record\\nof every case tried in both of the courts.\\nHe has power as clerk to administer oaths\\nand take and certify affidavits, and deposi-\\ntions, and acknowledgements of deeds and\\nmortgages. He must make an annual re-\\nport to the secretary of state of the\\ncases tried in the courts.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nHe is paid by fees for the various kinds\\nof work done.\\nTHE PROSECUTING ATTORNEY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nFor how long is the prosecuting attorney\\nelected?\\nFor three years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nAs prosecuting attorney he must prose-\\ncute, on behalf of the state, in any of the\\ncourts of the county (except the justice s\\ncourts) all suits, matters and controver-\\nsies, as directed by law. He must prepare\\nin legal form the official bonds for the\\ncounty officers and see that they are prop-", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "210 EAiSY WESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nerly signed. He is alsoi the legal adviser\\nof all county officers, and he must make an\\nannual report to the state attorney general\\nof all crimes prosecuted in the county.\\nWhat bond is he required to give?\\nNot less than a thousand dollars, the\\nsum to be fixed by the courts.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nIt is not the same in all counties.\\nTHE PKOBATE JUDGE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how\\nlong is the probate judge elected?\\nFor three years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nTo transact the business of the probate\\ncourt. (See probate court.)\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nThis depends upon the work done by him\\nin the county. He receives fees.\\nTHE TOWNSHIP.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How are the coun-\\nties of Ohio divided?\\nInto townships. Each township is a\\ncorporate body and can sue and be sued\\nin the courts in the person of its officers.\\nIt can also receive, hold and dispose of real\\nor personal property, borrow money for\\nthe use of the township, and taxes may be\\nlevied on the township for the expenses of\\nthe same.\\nWho are the officers of the township?\\nThey are the trustees, clerk, treasurer,", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 211\\njustices of the peace, constables, assessors\\nand road supervisors.\\nWhen are these township officers\\nelected?\\nThe first Monday of April of each year,\\nTHE TKUSTEES.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how long are\\nthe trustees elected?\\nThere are three trustees in each town-\\nship, elected for three years.\\nWhat are their duties?\\nThey transact the official business of the\\ntownship. They represent the township\\nin suits at law; they look after public prop-\\nerty, determine the amount of money\\nnecessary for the expenses of the township\\nand levy an annual tax for the same. They\\nlook after the paupers; they may order new\\nroads and ditches made; they have charge\\nof the township s cemeteries; they must\\nprovide town halls and a public library, if\\nthe electors of the township, by vote,\\norder it.\\nWhat compensation do they receive?\\nThey are paid a fixed sum for each day\\nthey work for the township.\\nTHE CLEKK.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how long is the\\ntownship clerk elected?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe must keep a record of all the pro-", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "212 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nceedings of the board of trustees.. He\\nkeeps a record with description of roads\\nand ditches. All the records, books, and\\npapers of the township are kept by him.\\nHe keeps an account of all oflacial debts,\\nreceipts and expenditures of the trustees.\\nHe places on file all chattel mortgages giv-\\nen in the township. He is also the clerk of\\nthe township school district.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nA fee for the amount of work done.\\nTHE TEEASURER.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how long is\\nthe township treasurer elected?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe is the custodian of the township\\nfunds. The money belonging to the town-\\nship from taxes collected by the county\\ntreasurer are turned over to the township\\ntreasurer.\\nHow can he pay out money?\\nOnly on orders drawn by the trustees\\nand countersigned by the clerk. He is also\\nthe treasurer of the township school dis-\\ntrict-\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nHe is allowed two per cent on all money\\npaid out by him.\\nTHE ASSESSOR.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how long is the\\nassessor elected?", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 213\\nHe is elected for one year.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe must list the value of all personal\\nproperty in the township subject to taxa-\\ntion. This list must be forwarded to the\\ncounty auditor, and each person s taxes are\\nmade out for the year. He collects facts\\nconcerning agriculture, manufactures, and\\nother industrial interests; also business\\nstatistics.\\nWhat compensation does he receive?\\nHe is paid two dollars for each day^s\\nwork.\\nTHE CONSTABLE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how long is\\nthe constable elected?\\nFor three years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nTo preserve peace in the township and\\narrest all violators of the law. He may\\nbe called upon to serve warrants and sub-\\npoena witnesses foT county courts. He\\nmust preserve order at the polling places\\non election days.\\nTHE SUPERVISOE OF EOADS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For\\nhow^ long are the supervisors of roads\\nelected.\\nFor one year.\\nt\\nWhat are their duties?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "114 \u00c2\u00a9AST LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNM-E^N re\\nThe trustees of the townBhip divide the\\ntownship into road districts, and a super\\nvisor is elected for each district. His duties\\nare to open all public roads and highways\\nand keep the same in repair in his district^\\nas ordered by the trustees.\\nHow is the money rai^d for taking care\\nof our roads?\\nBy taxation. Every male between\\ntwenty-one and fifty-five years of age m\\nresponsible for two days work annually\\non the roads, at the rate of one dollar and\\nfifty cents per day. All of this work is\\nunder the direction of the supervisor of the\\ndistricts\\nMUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. -What\\nare the different forms of municipal corjjo-\\nrations?\\nThey are the city, village and hamlet.\\nHow are municipal corporations formed?\\nThey are organized under the general\\nstate laws which make provision for their\\nform of government and power.\\nWhat advantage is it to a community to\\nincorporate?\\nIt has the advantage of local govern-\\nment.\\nHow may a community incorporate?\\nThe inhabitants wishing to incorporate\\ndraft a petition, signed by not less than", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 215\\nthirty electors, residing within the propos-\\ned corporate limit, and the petition is pre-\\nsented to the board of commissioners; then\\nthe petition has a hearing at the regular\\nmeeting. If, after due consideration, and\\nnotice having been given, there is no\\nreason why it should not be granted, the\\ncommissioners allow the corporation to or-\\nganize. The corporation papers, giving\\nname, etc., are recorded, and the time for\\nthe first election of officers is fixed by the\\nagents of the petitioners.\\nHAMLET,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is a hamlet?\\nA hamlet is a municipal corporation\\nwith less than two /hundred population.\\nAfter being incorporated they have certain\\nrights of governing themse^lves, such as\\nthe right of municipal gas, electric lights,\\nsidewalks, sewers, railways, etc., which\\nmay be granted or not by vote of the people.\\nWhat are the officers of a hamlet?\\nThree trustees, a treasurer, a clerk, a\\nmarshal and a supervisor of roads. The\\nduties of these officers are nearly the same\\nas the officers in the township. The prin-\\ncipal authority of a hamlet is in the board\\nof trustees. When a hamlet has grown to\\nmore than two hundred they can be incor-\\nporated as a village by vote of the electors.\\nVILLAGE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is a village?", "height": "4123", "width": "2613", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "216 /EASY DE SSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nA municipal corporation with a popula-\\ntion more than two hundred and less than\\nfive thousand, and which has a form of or-\\nganization to govern themselves in muni-\\ncipal affairs.\\nIn whom is the legislative power vested?\\nIn a council elected by the electors.\\nWho are the executive officers?\\nA mayor, a clerk, a treasurer and a mar-\\nshal.\\nTHE COUNCIL.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What are the duties\\nof the council?\\nTo look after the property, finances, and\\ngeneral welfare and progress of the village:\\nsuch as water works, sewers, fire protec-\\ntion, etc.\\nWho is president of the council?\\nThe mayor.\\nWho is the chief executive officer?\\nThe mayor.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nIt is his duty to see that peace and order\\nprevail in the corporation, to enforce the\\nordinances, to appoint officers not elected.\\nHe must hold court, known as mayor s\\ncourt, and he has power to try cases.\\nTHE MAESHAL.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What office does a\\nmarshal hold in a village.\\nHe is the chief police, and his duties are", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "EASY LKSSONa IN OlVIL aOVBRNMEJNT. 21?\\nBimilar to those of the chief of police in\\ncities or the sheriff in the county.\\nCITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What is a city?\\nWhen a village has grown in population\\nto five thousand or more, by vote of the\\nelectors it may become a city.\\nHow are cities divided?\\nInto two classes^ and the^e classes afe\\ndivided into grades, and are based upon\\nthe population. As the law provides foi^\\neach grade in the city government, and\\nthey differ in different cities in Ohio, we\\nwill give but a general outline. Cities are\\ndivided into w^ards, and in most cases the\\nwards are divided into precincts.\\nWhat are the officers of a city?\\nThe legislative officers are the city coun-\\ncilmen. The executive officers are a may-\\nor, a marshal, (or chief of police), a solicit-\\nor, a street commissioner and a treasurer.\\nThese are elected by the people. The city\\ncouncil elects its own secretary, who is\\ncalled the city clerk.\\nTHE CITY COUNCIL.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What are its\\nduties.\\nThe duties are similar to the council in\\na village, but more extensive. In Bome\\ncities ordinances for the expenditure of\\nmoney granting a franchise, are submit-\\nted to the mayor for approval. If vetoed\\nit may pass the council by a vote of tw^o-", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "m EASY LBSSONS IN CiViL GOVERNMENT,\\nthirds of the members present. The city\\ncouncil elects its own president.\\nTHE MAYOR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The duties of the mayor\\nhave been described in the village gov-\\nernment, except he is not the president of\\nthe council, and in some cities he has the\\nveto power; also, if there is a police judge\\nthere is no mayor^s court.\\nTHE CLERK.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How is the city clerk\\nelected?\\nBy the council, as the secretary.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nTo attend the meetings of the council, to\\nkeep a record of all proceedings and of the\\nordinances passed, and to publish the\\nsame. He is the custodian of the records^\\npapers, books ,laws, and ordinances of the\\ncity.\\nTHE OTHEE CITY OFFICEES.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The\\ntreasurer, sometimes called comptroller, or\\nauditor, is the bookkeeper for the city. The\\nsolicitor or prosecuting attorney is the legal\\nadviser of the city. Cities are divided into\\ndepartments, such as finance, law, public\\nsafety and public improvements. Of\\neach of these departments the mayor ap-\\npoints a director. These directors have\\nfull charge of their departments.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "219\\nLECTURES.\\nCLUBS AND SOCIETIES desiring to\\nsecure good lecturers can do so by writing\\nto the following persons:\\nMrs. Josephine Woodward, Commercial\\nTribune, Cincinnati, O.. Subject: A\\nCorrespondent in Cuba/\\nMrs. W. J. Huggins, 5 Stewart Ave.,\\nMansfield, Ohio, Subject: ^^The Rubaiyat\\n)f Omar Khayyam.\\nMrs. S. M. Perkins, 121 Adelbert Ave.^\\nCleveland, Ohio. Subject: Margaret\\nFuller, the Thinker, and Mary Lyon, the\\nWorker.\\nMiss Frances H. Ensign, Madison, Ohio.\\nSubject: Queen Esther and Her Mis-\\nsion.\\nMrs, W. J. fiuggins, 5 Stewart Ave.,\\nMansfield, Ohio, prepares programs and\\ncalendars for literary or travelers clubs;\\ncorresponds with club women concerning\\nrieference books and article*? for club pa-\\npers, and assists in organizing new clubs-\\nMrs. Emma A. Cramner,Aberdeen,Soutli\\nDakota. Subject: Woman s Progress\\nvs. the World s Prejudice.", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "220\\nBOOKS THAT EVEKY ONE SHOULD\\nHAVE.\\nAmerican and British Authors, by\\nProf. Frank V. Irish |1 35\\nTreasured Thoughts, by Prof. Frank\\nV. Irish 50\\nThese two books are worth twice the\\ncost.\\nAddress Pfof. F. V. Irish, Columbus, O.\\nMemories of the Crusade, by Mother\\nStewart |1.50 and |2.00\\nThe Crusade of Great Britain, by Mother\\nStewart fl.OO\\nFor a correct history of the Temperance\\nCrusade, send for these books. Address\\nMother Stewart, Springfield, Ohio.\\norlimpses of Fifty Years, by Frances E.\\nWillard, $2.00, |2.75 and |3.50\\nDo Everything, Frances E. Willard. 25\\nA Great Mother, bv Frances E. Wil-\\nlard 1 50\\nFor the above books address Woman s\\nTemperance Publishing Association, ^The\\nTemple, Chicago, Ills.\\nParliamentary Procedure and Practice^\\nby John George Bourinot, C. M. G.,\\nLL. D.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "221\\nConstitutional History of Canada, by\\nJohn George Bourinot.\\nIn the study of Canadian history and\\nparliamentary proceedings no books are\\nany better than the above.\\nAddress John George Bourinot, Ottawa\\nCanada.\\n^^Occupations forWomen, by Frances E.\\nWillard, and Success, an up-to-date jour\\nnal of push, principle and progress, witfc\\n20th century ideas,both to new subscribers\\nof Success for one year, |2.00.\\nAddress, SUCCESS COMPANY,\\nCooper Union, New York City.", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "222\\nA Compendium\\nAND-\\nQuestion Book\\nof Pari/amentary Xaw?\\nIt is just what every person needs in the\\nbusy moments of a public meeting. It is\\narranged for all societies. It is a ready ref-\\nerence manual prepared in the form of\\nquestions and answers. It is the cream of\\nall the larger manuals. No member of a so-\\nciety is thoroughly equipped without this\\nwork This instructive little book has met\\nwith a hearty reception, far beyond our\\nmost sanguine expectations. Already the\\nsales have reached seventeen thousand\\ncopies. Price, leather, red edges, 40 cents.\\nLeatherette, 25 cents. Published by the\\nauthor, LILIAN COLE-BETHEL,\\n738 E. Long St., Columbus, O.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "223\\nTESTIiMONIALS.\\nMadam Bethel: San Franciseo. Cal.\\nEach meiniber o.f your morninig class held in the\\ntower room, California Hotel. San Francisco, in May,\\n1894, had been connected with different organizations\\nfor years, had felt iier need of parliiamentary knowl-\\nedge, and sipent much time digging into the lore of\\ndifferent authors upo-n this subject, but never, until\\nyou tauight your oomprehensive, clear-cut and suffi-\\ncient method, could either feel sure of carrying a\\nmotion through all Its prerogatives witihout losing\\nher ihead as well as the motion. No knowledge is\\nmore e esntlal to active women than Parliamentary\\nLaw. It brings out (from the folded napkin and\\nmouldy grave her Grod-given talents; and, dear ma-\\ndame, how better can you help .her on to victory and\\nup to ithe Houise of Good than to imipart confidence\\nand power by a thorougih knowledge of Parliament-\\nary Law?\\nYiour method is indisputably the best and your\\nQuestion Book the most helpful. Yours sincerely,\\nMIRS. I. A. CONKLIN.\\nSpningfield, 0., July 16, 1896.\\nIt gives me great pleasure to commend the course\\nof drills in Parliamentary Usages that Mrs. Lilian\\nOole-Bethel is so well prepared to give to Women s\\nOlubs and other organiziations. Mrs. Bethel is not\\nonly well prepared by a thorough knowledge of the\\nsubject, ibut she -has the faculty in a rare degree of", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "224\\nimparting information. The Wom-en s Clubs of\\nSpringfield were enthusiiastic over iher class methods\\nof teaching and her ipersonal initeirest in her classes.\\nI wish all the Women s Literary! Clubs of Ohio might\\nbe fortunate enough to secure her services.\\nCLEMENTINE B. BUOHW ALTER,\\nChairman of Correspondence for Ohio of the Gen l\\nFederation of Woman s Clubs.\\nSec y Com. on Woman s Congresses.\\nOxford, O., April 25. 1896.\\nMrs. Lilian Coile-Bethel gave her series of lessons\\non Parliamentary Law at the Western College, with\\nrerj great success. We cordially endorse her work\\nas thorough, comprehensive and exceedingly inter-\\nestinig. It is an especially valuable course of instruc-\\ntion for college mien and women.\\nLEILA S. McKEE.\\nPresident Western College, Oxford. Ohio.\\nTHE CINCINNATI WOMAN S CLUB.\\nThe class in Parliamentary Law held in the rooms\\nof the Ciinciinnati Womaiu s Club under the auspices\\nof the Alumnae Association of tihe Western Seminary\\ndesire heartily to endorse Mrs. LiMian Cole_Bethel as\\na teacher and exponent of parliamientary law. She\\nis perfectly conversant with every point connected\\nwith her subject and is endowed with that valuable\\ngift so frequenitly .deniied tieaahers, the abidiity clearly\\nto impart her knowledge. We are certain that we\\nihave received a training which will be of permanent", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "225\\nvalue bo us all, and hope thiat -at some itime in tlie\\nfuture, convenient to Mrs. Cole-Bethel, we mtay have\\nanother and an advanced course under her instruc-\\ntion.. By order of the class.\\nMARGARET C. MORBHEAD.\\nELLEN ANjOERSON JUDKINS.\\nKATHERINID HOLIBIRD DUBLE.\\nCommittee.\\nCincinnati, 0.hio. March 28. 1896.\\nUtioa, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1897.\\nThe Oneida Chapter of the Dauigihters of tihe Amer*\\nican Revolution, after a most profitable and enjoya-\\nble series of of lectures by Lilian Cole-Betlhel, of Co-\\nlumbus, 0.. on Parliamentary Law, gladly testify to\\nthe a;bunidanjt satisfaction which Mrs. Bethel gave to\\nall who were so fortunate as to meet and hear her.\\nE. W. WALCOTT, Regent.\\nD. J. LINDSiLEY.\\nA. W. CALDER.\\nL. J. LYNCH.\\nG. D. CURRAN.\\nCommittee.\\n[Udnois Female College,\\nJacksonville, Ills., Dec. 16, 1897.\\nBoth teaichers and students found pleasure and\\nprofit in the visit of Mrs. Lilian Cole-Bethel of Co-\\numbus,Ohio, Nov. 16 to 20, and in the series of Par-\\nmentary drlllf wihich she oonduictefd. A constamtly\\nincr eiasiiinig inteirest wais manifiest durimg the week,\\nand all who attended the drills were imipr eased with", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "226\\nthe necessity of a ithorioug,!! knowledge of Parlia-\\nmentary usage. Mrs. Betihel is brigM and ihappy in\\nber work, and makes the exerciises entertaining as\\nwell lais instruotive. The series closed with a mock\\nconvention, with delegates from all parts of the coun-\\ntry, whiiclh provied oif igreat interelst and profilt. We\\nhoipe that Mrs. Bethel may come (back next year.\\nJOSEPH R. HARKEiR. President.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "227\\nJ arleamentarj/\\ndrills.\\nNotice to all societies: Eecognizing the\\nimportance of familiarity with the rules of\\nusage, I have set apart a portion of my\\ntime for giving parliamentary drills. My\\nexperience in drill work before audiences\\nfrom New York to San Francisco enables\\nme to say, any one taking my full course of\\nlessons can easily learn to master the en-\\ntire subject. The course consists of five\\nlessons with illustrations and practical\\ntests. Send for testimonials and terms to\\nLILIAN COLE-BETHEL,\\n738 E. Long St., Columbus, Ohio.", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "228\\n**A Oompendium and QuestiOin Book of Parliament-\\nary Law/ arranged by Lilian Cole-Betibel. T-his lit-\\ntle volume, only about fiifty pages in number and\\nsmall in dimensions it is wfliat one might term\\nmeaty, since every word in it is worth inwardly\\ndigesting. It is dedicated to womankind and hoa\\n(been especially designed as a band book that may be\\nrelied upon in the \u00c2\u00aetudy of Parliamentary form. It\\nwill be found of great value to W. C. T. U. women,\\nwho wish to post themselves thoroughly on the ways\\na^nd mea^ns of enteiring the arena of discuisisilon,\\nand becoming vicitofns therein, The Uniooi Siignal,\\nChicago.\\nHaines Falls, N. Y., Sept. 11, 1894.\\n/Mrs. Lilian Oole-Bethel My Dear Sister: I like\\nyour little hook so much that I shaill carry it with\\nme to Cleveliand aind I heliieve that, oitheir thiiings be-\\ning equal, we ought to use a parliamentary book by\\na woman in order to enoour age the public opinion\\nconcertniifng woman is aibiiMty im this direction.\\nI think it migtht be well that we make your book\\nour standard. I feel sure it will be of great value to\\nme because it can be so readily referred to, which is\\nof vital impiortiance to any one wiho is presiding.\\nSincerely your friend and comrade,\\nFRIANOES E. WILLARD.\\nColumbus, 0., October 13, 1892.\\nI have examined with care and pleasure your\\nCompendium and Question Book of Parliamentary\\nLaw, and speak fotr it a large field of usefulness.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "229\\nYour mode of presenting parliamentary practice by\\nquestions and answers so simplifies what is general-\\nly difficult, that a novice oan soon become proficient\\nand ifeel at ease in a deliberative society, and confi-\\ndently take an active part in its proceedings. With\\nkind regards, ORESTES A. B. SENTER,\\nGen l Grand Master. R. S. M. of the U. S.\\nFROM BISiHOP VINCENT.\\nBuffalo, N. Y., Nov. 12, 1892.\\nI have received and examined with some care your\\nadmirable little manual of Parliamentary Law. It\\ndeseirves a wide sale. It makes a good text book.\\nYours truly,\\nJOHN H. VINCENT.\\nOhio Wesleyan University, Delaware, 0., Nov. 10, 92.\\nThanks for the copy of your Compendium of Par-\\nliamentary Law. My hasty examination of it gives\\nme a very favorable impression of the volume. Its\\nclearness and brevity make it an admirable hand-\\nbook for a busy president. Sincerely yours,\\nJ. W. BASHFORD. Pres t.\\nKansas City, Mo., Dec. 5. 1892.\\nI have received your book on Parliamentary Usage,\\nand ihave looked it over and find it good and thor-\\noughly practical. I like your dedication. Your\\nHints in Behalf of Public Speakers should be print-\\ned in silver and framed in gold. Altogether it is the\\nmost thoroughly helpful book along the lines of pub-\\nlic meetings and deliberative bodies that I have ever", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "230\\nseen. 1 shall carry it around with me until I have\\nlearned it all: CLARA C. HOFFMAN,\\nState President Missouri W. C. T. U.\\nGuilford Colleige, N. C, Nov. 18, 1892.\\nI consider your boiok the most helpful in the ses-\\nsion of oonvention of anything I have seen. It is\\nvery thorough and correct and shows a complete\\nmastetry of the intricate subject of parliaimentary law\\nby its author. Yours truly,\\nMARY C. WOODY,\\nState President N. C. W. C. T. U.", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "231\\nI\\nMEDAL CONTESTS.\\nIf you want to replenish your treasuries\\nand at the same time disseminate Gospel\\nTemperance and Prohibition, hold a W. C.\\nT. U. or Demorest Medal Contest. These\\npopular entertainments are not confined to\\ntemperance organizations, but are being\\nheld by young people s church societies,\\nschools, colleges, etc. Send a two-cent\\nstamp to Mrs. A. E. Carmen, National Su-\\nperintendent Contest Work, The Temple,\\nChicago, 111., for circulars, rules and prices\\nof books and medals. Miss Willard says:\\nWe are fortunate in our superintendent\\nof contest work, Mrs. Carmen, who is ca-\\npable, devoted, and gives her entire time\\nto the work. The encouragement she has\\nreceived from Madame Demorest, and the\\nconfidence shown her by placing that work\\nin her care will strengthen the hands of\\nour superintendent. I rejoice this honor\\nhas been shown her. Write to\\nMRS. A. E. CARMEN,\\nThe Temple, Chicago, 111.", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "H 275 83", "height": "4192", "width": "2710", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "I", "height": "4164", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4015", "width": "2289", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4015", "width": "2289", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^o^\\n-^^0^\\n^Hl^ \u00c2\u00b0oWWw* i\\n.0^ J.!\u00c2\u00ab o, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0ft.\\nO^\\nh.\\nf V a\\ni*\\n^-S A* l(i\\n.0^\\n-\u00e2\u0080\u00a2io*\\n.0\\nV\\nV-^\\no\\nri\\n^c\\n.-l*^^ .1\\nf^T\u00c2\u00bb .-e-^\\n^o T c?", "height": "4015", "width": "2289", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "4. o^ ^**S^\u00c2\u00ab \u00c2\u00abo :*iw\u00c2\u00bb*\\nO^", "height": "4015", "width": "2289", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4015", "width": "2289", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinciv00beth_0252.jp2"}}