{"1": {"fulltext": "^^^^^^1", "height": "3300", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3240", "width": "2177", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "I", "height": "3240", "width": "2177", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive\\nin 2010 with funding from\\nTine Library of Congress\\nhttp://www.arcliive.org/details/newindustryorrai01blac", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "A New Industry,\\nRaising the Angora Goat, and Mohair, for Profit,\\nEmbracing the Historical, Commercial, and Practical Features of the\\nIndustry together with Notes from a number of Practical\\nBreeders giving their experience in handling the\\nanimal; with Tables showing the great\\nProfit in Rotising the Angora., or Mohair, Goa.t,\\nA number of Letters from Farmers, and I^anchmcn, in Iowa, Oregon, California, and\\nother States, concerning the utility of the Angora Goat in\\nClearing Brushy Land, and How the Work is Done.\\nWITH A COMPLETE MANUAL UPON THE\\nCare and Marvag emervt of Goats,\\nAND\\nHow to Gra-de Up the Common MexicaLn,,Gg^t,\\nAppend i.:^\\nContaining a Paper on the celebrated Cashmere Goat of Asia; the Llama and\\nAlpaca of Peru, in South America; the Rocky Mountain Goat\\nof the United States, and the Ibex of Asia.\\nTOGETHER WITH A FORMULA FOF\\nDressing the Angora. Goat Skin\\nJD OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION CONCERNING\\nTHE INDUSTRY.\\nFully Illustrated,\\nWM. L. BLACK, OF TEXAS.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "FORT WORTH,\\nTEXAS.\\nLStorarv \u00c2\u00abrf Conyresa\\n0T 5-j^ Copies Receivfd\\nDEC 1 1900\\nnasi copy.\\nCoi ykh;ht, 1900,\\nliY\\nWm. L. IJl.AfJK.\\nImperfect\\nClaim.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "TO\\nTHOSE KNTEKPRISING AND PERSEVERING CITIZENS\\nOF THE\\nUN.TED STATES OP AMERICA,\\nWHO, WITHOUT GOVERNMENTAIi ASSLSTANCB, HAVE I AID THE\\nFOUNDATION FOR A BRANCH\\nTO OU R\\nAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY,\\nIS THP: raising of the angora goat, and MOHAIR,\\nWHICH PROMISES TO BE\\nOF GREAT\\nNATIONAL BENEFIT,\\nTHIS WORK IS RESPECTFUr.LY DEDICATED\\nBY THE\\nAUTHOR.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "Table of Contents.\\nPAGE\\nIntrodtjctor3- remarks i oo\\nHISTORICAL.\\nCHAP.\\nI. When. -R-here and how, did the Angora goat originate... 25\\nII. The Prorince of Angora .31\\nIII. Distrbution of the Angora goat into other countries.... 34\\nIV. Character of the earlj^ Angora goat 40\\nV. Introduction of the Angora goat into the United States. 45\\nVI. Subsequent importatons into the United States 48\\nII. Spread of the Angora goat industr} throughout the\\nvarious States and Territories 52\\nVIII. Census of .Angora goats in the United States 103\\nIX. Why the industrv has made such slow progress in the\\nUnited States and what we can expect in the future. 10.9\\nX. Concerning the manufacture of Mohair in Asia Minor,\\nEngland and the United States 117\\nCOMMERCIAL.\\nXL Where to sell ]\\\\Ioh ir and how it is graded 135\\nXII. How to prepare Mohair for market 145\\nXIII. The trade in -Angora goat skins and how to prepare\\nthem for market 147\\nXIV. Concentrating upon one market 151\\nXV. Angora venison, as a salable product 154\\nXAT I. Is there any danger from over-production 15.9\\nXA^II. Tarif? on Mohair, live goats, and .\\\\ngora skins ItJl\\nPRACTICAL.\\nXA^III. The science of breeding, our past experience, and\\nthe result of crossing the common goat with the\\nAngora 173\\nXIX. Cross breeding, or how to grade tip the Mexican goat. 243", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Index to Illustrations Continued.\\nIT^TE PAGt:\\nXXIII. Group of thoroughbred Angora goats (Ham Baylor). SO T\\nXXIV. Two thoroughbred bucks and one doe (.Hani Baylor).. 311\\nXXV. Thoroughbred Angora buck (Hughes) ol-t\\nXXVI. Thoroughbred three-year-old doe (Hughes) 315\\nXXVII. Angora buck, twenty-one months old (Arnold) 31T\\nXXVIII. A group of yearling Angora goats (Fuchs) 321\\nXXIX. A group of thoroughbred Angora does (Houck) 325\\nXXX. Thoroughbred Angora doe, yearling and kid (Conk-\\nHn Bros.- 32^\\nXXXI. Group of Angora goats (Hightower) 333\\nXXXII. Yearling Angora Buck (Taylor) 335\\nXXXIII. ihoroughbred Angora does, twenty-one months old\\n(Standley) 337\\nXXXIV. Flock of thoroughbred Angora goats (Harris) 341\\nXXXV. Group of thoroughbred Angora goats (.Harris) 345\\nXXXVI. Thoroughbred Angora kids, after weaning (Harris) 385\\nXXXVII. A doe bringing her kid to camp 398\\n_XXXVIII. Dug out 132\\nXXXIX. Portable camping outtit 170\\nXLf. Cashmere (doe) goat 454\\nXLI. Rocky Mountain goat? 4t)2\\nXLII. Group of Alpacas 4t)l)\\nXLIII. Ibex 480", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "TWO PRETTY KIDS,\\nI roiu fi iihotii.nraph ta:;e .i cii thf raiiclie (if the author.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nWhen this work was commenced, in the early part of 1899,\\nit was for the purpose of supplying a demand for information\\nfrom farmers in the Northern states, whose attention had been\\ncalled to the Angora Goat as a Brush Exterminator. They had\\nheard of the wonderful saving of labor in clearing away briers,\\nand brush, by the use of this animal, and many were anxious\\nto purchase some, but were totally ignorant of their habits, and\\nhow to breed them. The great call for information, touching\\nthese questions prompted me to write a complete manual,\\nthrough which a stranger might understand how they are han-\\ndled and, as I pursued my work, I learned of the existence of a\\nnon-shedding type of Angora, as well as a hornless variety,\\nwhich I considered to be of such importance to the old breeders\\nin the industry that I determined to delay its publication until\\nI could investigate more fully into the merit of the matter. I\\ndistributed a large number of question-blanks over all the States,\\nthat had been raising them, asking breeders if they had ever\\nobserved any such types of goats in their flocks, and, am pleased!\\nto say, I have received an abundance of testimony as to the\\nexistence of the same, and I feel quite sure that the discovery\\nwill be received with great delight by all who are interested in\\nthis new industry, particularly the non-shedding type\\nfor, if there is any one objectionable part to the\\nraising of the Angora goat, it is the unfortunate feature\\nof casting its hair so early in the spring, necessitating the early\\nshearing of the animal to prevent the loss of the valuable fleece,\\nwhich so often results in the death of many from a sudden change\\nof weather, or a cold, rainy, season.\\nCol. Richard Peters, of Georgia, always maintained that,\\nthe most serious objection he had ever experienced with the\\nAngora Goat, was its tendency to shed its fleece too early in\\nthe spring.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "If they can be made to retain their fleece as securely as\\nthe sheep does, so as to admit of shearing at the pleasure of the\\nbreeder, a great drawback in the industry will be overcome.\\nThat such a type as non-shedding Angoras exist, there can be\\nno doubt and, whether it has been produced by a freak of nature\\nor has been evolved through the action of the American climate,\\nor by crossing with our short-haired varieties, I cannot say. I\\nrealize the importance of the changed condition of the animal,\\nand feel certain that all old breeders will rejoice to hear of it.\\nThe hornless variety is another valuable type and, although\\nnot at all new, has been entirely overlooked by most breeders.\\nThe horns of an animal were undoubtedly provided by a wise\\nCreator, as a means of defence and, in a wild state, are very\\nuseful, and necessary; but, in a domestic condition, they are a\\nvery decided objection in many respects, and should be removed.\\nThe advantages of ho7 nlcss stock are so well known it is\\nhardly necessary that I should dwell on the subject.\\nIt was to be able to show, by the testimony of practical\\nbreeders, of the existence of these tv/o new varieties of mohair-\\nproducing goats (which I have arranged under appropriate\\nheadings), and to secure some photographs of representative\\nAmerican goats, showing their full fleece, that compelled me to\\ndelay the publication of my work, which I am sure will be more\\ngenerally useful now than it would otherwise have been.\\nI regret that many of the breeders were unable to supply\\nme with photographs of their goats, and that so few of those\\nI received show a full year s growth, which is due to shearing\\ntwee a year, a custom that, unfortunately, seems to prevail\\nlargely with the breeders of our finest animals. Such as I have\\nreceived, however, will afford a very good illustration of the\\ngreat improvement that has been made since the introduction\\nMof the animal to this country.\\nWM. L. BLACK.\\nFort McKavett, Texas, June, 1900.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.\\nI shall not undertake to investigate very closely into the\\norigin of the Angora goat.\\nThis has been attempted by a number of writers, in the\\npast, and there seems to be as much doubt, today, as to how\\nthe animal originated, as there is about the origin of man. Some\\nwriters believe that the Angora and sheep were, at one time,\\nvery closely related to each other but, if they ever were, there\\nmust have been a serious rupture in their family relations at\\nsome time or other, for they have not been known to mix with\\neach other for many centuries.\\nOthers claim that it originated from the Ibex, an animal\\nresembling the goat in some respects but I am not willing to\\naccept this theory, either, for the reason that, the period of gesta-\\ntion with the Ibex is only ninety days, while with the Angora\\nit is about 150, and I can t well understand how there can be\\nany close family relationship between the two.\\nAnother school of naturalists claim that the Angora sprang\\nfrom the Wild Goat, or Pesang of the Persians, an animal\\nfound in the mountainous regions of Central Asia, resembling\\nthe domestic goat very closely. A wiia goat is also found in the\\nRocky mountains of America, which is no doubt of the same\\nfamily as the Asiatic wild goat.\\nJudging from the looks of the two animais, the Ibex and\\nthe Wild Goat, I think it more than likely that the Angora\\ngoat originated from the latter; but, I confess my entire ig-\\nnorance of the subject; and, it seems to me, it is of very little\\nconsequence how the human family have come into possession\\nof this animal.\\nWe know we have a goat, known to the commercial world\\nas the Angora, and, whether this particular species belongs\\nto the family, called by naturalists, the Capra acgagnis, or the\\nCapra hircus, makes but very little difiference, as far as I can", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 A Neiv Industry.\\nsee. It is an interesting study, I admit, but there s no money\\nin it, and I shall leave the question to minds more scientific\\nthan my own to determine, and will endeavor to show my read-\\ners the practical value of the Angora Goat in a purely business\\nsense.\\nI shall place in my appendix correct photographs of the\\nIbex, and Wild Goat, with a full description of their general\\nmake-up, habits, etc., and my readers can form their own conclu-\\nsion and, by way of assisting them to reach this conclusion,\\nI refer to the following authorities\\nJno. L. Hayes, L. L. D., Angora Goat, Its Origin and\\nCulture.\\nJ. G. Wood, Natural History.\\nR. Ramsay Wright, Ph. D., Riverside Natural History.\\nLydekker, The Royal National History.\\nMr. S. C. C. Schreiner, of South Africa, has more recently\\n(1898) published a work through Messrs. Longmans Green\\nCo., of New York, which is perhaps as complete upon this\\nsubject as it is possible to make it. Mr. Schreiner has undoubt-\\nedly made a very close study of this matter, and has quoted from\\nall the authorities I have named, as well as others. He also\\ngives a most interesting account of the Angora goat industry\\nin South Africa, and I can commend his book as being one of\\nthe most painstaking, with reference to the origin of the animal,\\nof any I have ever read on this subject.\\nMy first experience with goats began in the year of 1876\\nin the State of Texas.\\nIn connection with raising sheep, I learned that Mexican\\nherders preferred to eat goat rather than sheep, and being much\\nthe cheaper animal of the two, I purchased a small flock for\\nthe purpose of supplying my herders with fresh meat.\\nAbout the year 1881: my attention was called to the Angora\\nas being a superior breed, and possessing greater commercial\\nvalue than the common species {Mexican), which I had on hand.\\nI found out that I could very easily grade up my common goats\\nby introducing full-blooded Angora sires; and I therefore pur-\\nchased from Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, eight\\nmales and four females, which cost me close to $750 delivered", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Introdncfory Remarks. ij\\nat my ranch, or about $60 for each goat. This appeared to me as\\nbeing an enormous price to pay for goats, but the investment\\nturned out a very good one. In a few years I had improved my\\nflock to a condition which justified me in shearing, and I then\\ncommenced to enjoy a revenue which I had never counted on;\\nfor, in addition to supplying my ranch with an abundance of\\nfresh meat, I received, annually, quite a handsome return from\\nmohair, and my goats increased so rapidly that, in 1892, I had\\nupwards of eight thousand, head of well-graded Angoras, many\\nof them being very superior. I figured that unless I could thin\\nout my stock of goats they would very soon overrun my ranch\\ndisease and poverty would occasionally thin out my sheep and\\ncattle, but my goats seemed to be proof against these two power-\\nful elements, for it was only once in a while that a few old does\\nwould die from extreme old age. I inquired of a personal ac-\\nquaintance, who was engaged in the meat packing business, if\\nhe would purchase a thousand fat wether goats but he declined\\nto do so, and explained to me that goat meat was not at all\\nfashionable and, although he knew it was quite as good as\\nsheep, he could not venture to slaughter them in large numbers\\nuntil the people had overcome their prejudice for it.\\nI knew I could dispose of them in a retail way, in the small\\ntowns in Texas, but the expense, and annoyance, attending this\\nplan was too great for me to attempt, so I determined to slaugh-\\nter them myself for their hides and tallow, and put up the meat\\nin hermetically sealed tin cans. I procured the necessary\\nmachinery for this purpose and slaughtered 3000 head that year\\n(1893), and in 1894 I slaughtered 4000 more, which reduced my\\nnumber to a more reasonable size. I realized from the sale of\\ncanned meat, tallow and hides (the latter I had dressed for\\nmaking into rugs and robes), about $3.00 to the animal, and,\\nconsidering the fact that I had never regarded the goat branch\\nof my ranch interests as being of any importance, I was well\\npleased with this result. I found no difficulty, whatever, in find-\\ning ready sale for my dressed skins, selling as many as one\\nthousand to a single wholesale house in Chicago and, the\\nbrokers through whom I placed my tallow have been exceed-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "1 4 A Nezv Industry.\\ningly anxious to receive more ever since. They reported to\\nme it was of a superior character, and would command a pre-\\nmium over ordinary tallow for making fine candles.\\nIn 1896 my goats had again increased to a considerable\\nnumber, and I concluded, rather than resume my slaughtering\\noperation, to dispose of my surplus stock to others who might\\nbe disposed to engage in raising them. I had become very\\nmuch interested in the beautiful little animal and, from investi-\\ngation, was convinced that the United States was better adapted\\nto the propagation of this class of livestock than any other part\\nof the world, not excepting Turkey in Asia, where, it is sup-\\nposed, they originated.\\nIt is true. South Africa has made greater headway in breed-\\ning them than we have, but this can be very easily explained, and I\\nshall probably refer to this matter later on. We have had ample\\ntime to test the merits of our climate, and the opinion of manu-\\nfacturers is that American-raised mohair is fully equal, if not\\nsuperior, to any that is produced in either Asia or South Africa.\\nSome of them claim that the American product makes a smooth-\\ner fabric, but of course our entire clip will not do this, for the\\nreason that many of our flocks are only partly graded but the\\nhigher grades of American goats will bear comparison with\\nthe best in the world, not only as to quality, but in their shearing\\ncapacity as well. In addition to this, our goats have never de-\\nveloped any disease, while in both Asia and South Africa (which,\\nby the way, are the only parts of the world where the Angora\\ngoat is raised, outside of our own country), they have suffered\\nserious losses from pleuro-pneumonia, scab and other diseases.\\nIn Mr. Schreiner s work, on the Goat industry in South Africa,\\nhe makes especial reference to the Pleuro-Pneumonia Epi-\\ndemic in the Cape Colony, upon page 219, of his book, and\\nbelieving it to be of some interest to the breeders in the United\\nStates, to know the history of this epidemic, and how it was\\nfinally controlled, I shall take the liberty of copying it in full,\\nwhich may be seen under the head of Diseases.\\nIn view of the foregoing facts,Iconsidereditacrime upon my\\npart to put the knife to animals which I believed could be made", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Introductory Remarks. 75\\nso useful and valuable to others particularly when there was\\nsuch a limited number of them in this country, and the cost of\\nimporting- them was out of all reason. I, therefore, decided to\\npublish a little booklet, setting forth some of the advantages of\\nthe goat industry, and calling upon farmers in the Northern\\nStates to take advantage of the opportunity offered them in this\\nnew, and valuable, industry. It was not long before I had a\\nnumber of inquiries, asking all manner of questions whether\\nthey would live in a cold climate; what kind of fence was neces-\\nsary to hold them, etc., etc.\\nIn the early part of 1897, Dr. J. R. Standley, of Platteville,\\nIowa, visited my ranch for the purpose of interesting me in\\nshipping some into his State to be sold at pubhc auction. He\\nexplained to me that he had succeeded in clearing about 500\\nacres of his farm that had been covered so densely with brush,\\nas to be practically worthless until he began running goats upon\\nit, and it was now the finest portion of his farm, being well set\\nwith blue grass, and perfectly free from brush and weeds. He\\nwas well satisfied I could dispose of all the goats I would send\\nthere, and the fact of his having traveled upwards of fifteen\\nhundred miles to see me, and his great enthusiasm on the sub-\\nject, gave me confidence to make the experiment; and I at once\\nentered into an agreement to ship one thousand goats to be\\nsold at auction on his farm. Our sale took place in July and was\\nentirely satisfactory.\\nIn the fall, of the same year, I made him a second shipment\\nof one thousand, which were sold in December. The following\\nyear (1898) I concluded I could not repeat my shipments in\\nsuch large numbers, and determined to wait until the purchasers\\nof my goats, at the Standley sales, had had sufficient time to\\nprove the value of them, fully expecting to be able to sell all that\\nI cared to, from the introduction I had made. In this, I was not\\ndisappointed, having reduced my individual holdings to one\\nflock of about a thousand head, and have had to purchase a great\\nmany from my neighbors to fill the orders I have received. From\\nthe time that Dr. Standley first visited me in 1897 I have shipped\\nupwards of fifteen thousand goats to the state of Iowa alone", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "i6 A New Industry.\\nand have had inquiries enough from farmers in that State and\\nothers to absorb every Angora goat there is in the United\\nStates.\\nI commenced selhng at $3.00 per head, because it paid\\nme a fair profit in raising them but, very few ranchmen were\\nsituated Hke myself and, when asked to sell their smaller flocks,\\nthey put a price on them that made it impossible for me to con-\\ntinue my sales at that low figure. I knew, furthermore, that\\nit would be impossible to find enough graded goats to meet the\\ndemand that was springing up all over the country, and this gave\\nrise to the idea which prompted me in writing this book. I\\nrealized, if the farmers of the United States expected to engage\\nin the Angora goat industry they would have to begin at the\\nbottom like we all had done, and grade up the smooth-haired\\ngoat. We have an abundance of full-blooded males to stock\\nthe entire country, but the Mexican female must be used as a\\nfoundation if we expect to build up the industry in any reason-\\nable time. This was the course pursued in South Africa, except\\nthat they used the Boer goat instead of the Mexican, which\\nare practically the same class of stock, strong and vigorous,\\nwith smooth hair and it was followed in Turkey, to a large ex-\\ntent, as soon as the demand for mohair exceeded the annual\\nsupply, which took place between 1860 and 1870. Mr. Schreiner\\nrefers to this in the following language\\nThe European demand for mohair became so great, that it was im-\\npossible for Asia Minor (which practically had a monopoly of the trade\\ntill the early seventies) to meet it merely by the normal increase of the\\npure Angora goats. It was therefore necessary quickly to obtain a\\nmore rapid increase in the number of i.aohair goats than could be ob-\\ntained through the normal increase of the pure Angoras; and, at the\\nsame time, a larger area of country was essential for the production of\\nthe amount of mohair required.\\nTo secure these ends the Turkish farmers resorted to grading up\\nthe common ewes by means of in-breedirg to Angora rams. The mo-\\nhair demand being so great, in proportion to the supply, quality ceased\\nto be the first essential; weight of fleece was required and a large num-\\nber of goats. With this end in view, crossing became very\\ngeneral, and was so persisted in that in the early sixties the original\\npure Angora was becoming very scarce. By its means, en-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Introductory Remarks. ij\\ntirely new districts were rapidly populated, indeed such a hold had this\\nmethod of increasing the numbers of the mohair goat obtained on the\\nTurkish farmers, and so eager were they to avail themselves of it, that,\\nnot content with introducing Angora rams into flocks of Kurd ewes in\\noutsides districts, they actually imported the Kurd ewes into the very\\ncenter of the mohair region the home of the pure Angora and, put-\\nting them to Angora rams, graded them up there.\\nIt is very popular with American farmers to want the very\\nbest class of stock that can be obtaineu, and I recognize this a-;\\nbeing true economy not only in live stock but in all kinds of\\nfarming machinery, as well as in manufactured goods for home\\nuse. I think it will justify paying a very high premium to get\\nwell-improved Angora goats rather than begin on the smooth-\\nhaired Mexican but, if these cannot be had, there is no other\\nremedy than to begin with the low grade. We have reached a\\npoint in the United States similar to that which existed in Tur-\\nkey, between 1860 and 1870, with the exception that, the demand\\nin this country calls for goats to exterminate brush, in place of\\nsupplying a larger amount of mohair. The common goat will\\nanswer the purpose we need them for, even better than the\\nAngora, from the fact they are stronger bodied, and are not\\nburdened with long hair, which is often torn out on the brush\\nwhen feeding.\\nIn my chapter referring to Cross Breeding I shall give pho-\\ntographs showing the dififerent grades of Angoras, which will\\nconvey a fair idea of the rapid change that can be made in these\\ncommon goats. There is perhaps no animal that will stamp\\nhis progeny so decidedly as the Angora goat will and, it is only\\nnecessary to get full-blooded males to be able to build up a good\\nflock of shearing goats in a very few years.\\nReferring again to Dr. Standley s work of clearing land, I\\nshall procure and place a photograph of the land he cleared\\nof hazel brush, imder my chapter on Clearing Brush\\nLand, and How the Work Is Done. It is well worth\\na trip to the farm of this gentleman, in Taylor County,\\nIowa, to see the marvellous change that was made in\\ntwo years time by the aid of goats. Up to the very edge of\\nthe wire fence, dividinsf his land from a neighbor s, the Doctor s", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18 A Nezv Industry.\\nland is finely set in blue grass, while not a blade can be seen\\n(or any other kind of grass) on the other side. When I first\\nvisited this farm it was a revelation to me. I always knew the\\ngoat would eat brush, but I had no idea it could be turned to\\nsuch a useful purpose as Dr. Standley s work will demonstrate\\nand, no better evidence than a personal visit to his farm is needed\\nto convince the most skeptical that the goat is the best land\\ngrubber on earth. He will not only destroy the brush, but will\\nenrich and tramp the soil more thoroughly than any other\\naunnal can possibly do, wliich is so essential in producing a\\nfine stand of blue grass and, he will thoroughly remove all\\nnoxious weeds as well.\\nThe Doctor tells a very interesting story on one of his\\nacquaintances who was rather doubtful about the value of the\\ngoat. It was, I think, at one of the annual State fairs in Iowa,\\nand, if I may be excused for digressing a little, I want here, to\\ncommend the Iowa system of fairs over any I have ever at-\\ntended. Instead of coming and going every day, farmer? come\\nprepared to camp out for a week, or as long as they care to re-\\nmain. A certain part of the ground is set apart for campers,\\nand V6i*y nicely arranged hotels are provided for those who\\nare not prepared to camp. The officers are on the ground\\nnight and day, during the period of the fair, and an exhibitor\\ncan transact any business he may have with them, without the\\nslightest trouble. I had the pleasure of visiting these grounds\\nin the fall of 1897, and took with me a lot of rugs and robes,\\nto show the people what some of the by-products of the Angora\\ngoat looked like. I had a number of skins in their natural shape,\\nand others cut into shape for floor rugs and buggy mats. In\\nmy exhibit I had a rug arranged with a large wolf skin, in the\\ncenter, which attracted considerable attention. I also took with me\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0500 head of goats (the first that many of the visitors had ever\\nseen), and, while I was there, a drizzling rain had made the\\nrace track very heavy, and the superintendent asked me if I\\nwould allow my goats to be driven around the track to tramp\\nit and put it in better condition for the races in the afternoon.\\nThis was an entirely new departure from old customs, and I", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Introductory Remarks. iq-\\ndid not know whether my Texas goats would relish it or not.\\nI was afraid they might become scared at the multitude of\\npeople, yelling and shouting, as they usually do on such oc-\\ncasions and the bands of music were also a new thing to my\\ncountry goats but I told the supermtendent that I would have\\nthe herder try the experiment, which proved to be very suc-\\ncessful. They walked around the track a number of times, and\\nseemed to enjoy the notoriety they were creating quite a good\\ndeal, and the races went on as usual. It was at one of these\\nfairs that Dr. Standley was telling some of his friends of the\\nwonderful work the little goat had done for him in clearing\\nhis land and when he told them of the splendid stand of blue\\ngrass he had now in place of a hazel-brush thicket two years\\nbefore, a Mr. of county, who also\\nowned a quantity of hazel-brush land, quietly remarked Doc-\\ntor, are you not putting that a little too strong? The Doctor\\nwas surprised, and, very naturally, nettled at this lemark; and,\\nafter recovering from astonishment at having^ his statement\\ndoubted, he replied Mr. it will only cost you\\nabout $10 to make a personal inspection of the land I have\\nbeen telling about, and you can return here by tomorrow s\\ntrain now, I will make you this proposition if you do not\\nfind that I have stated the matter correctly, and fairly, I will\\nreturn you every dollar you expend on the trip, including your\\nboard and lodging. The gentleman accepted the offer, and\\nupon his return to the fair the following day. Dr. Standley\\nasked him how much he owed him. Mr. replied\\nNot one cent. Doctor, you did not tell it half as strong as you\\nshould have done.\\nI believe that Dr. Standley has done more in the way of\\nbringing the Angora goat into prominence and favor than any\\nindividual in the United States. Many men before him have\\nowned goats, and great credit is due to Col. Richard Peters,\\nof Atlanta, Georgia, who was so impressed with the importance\\nof the industry to this country as to pay to Dr. Davis of South\\nCarolina (who was the first to bring any Angora goats into\\nthe United States), $1000 each for all the pure-bred goats he", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "-20 A Nczv Industry.\\nhad. An investment of $1000 in a little goat calls for consider-\\nable nerve, and Col. Peters may be justly called the Father\\nof the Angora goat industry in the United States, for in all\\nprobability if he had not become interested in them they\\nwould have been scattered and soon died out. Mr. Jno. S.\\nHarris, of Oakley, Idaho, is likewise entitled to great credit.\\nThis gentleman took a deep interest in the Angora goat very\\nearly, and made a voyage to Asia in 1875 for the purpose of\\nbringing back some pure-bred stock. He reached America the\\nfollowing year (1876) with twelve head, after having had an\\nendless amount of trouble in getting them out of Asia Minor,\\nand they cost him over $500 each before he landed them at his\\nranch in this country.\\nThere are many other gentlemen in Texas, California and\\nOregon that are entitled to credit in having given a start to\\nthe industry, among whom I recall the names of Parish, Devine,\\nHaupt, Fink, Arnold, Landrum, and Bailey, some of whom are\\nstill engaged in the business. Many others are equally entitled\\nto credit, but I do not think there are any who have shown\\nto the world how this animal can be made use of as profitably\\nas Dr. J. R. Standley, of Platteville, Iowa, has. His work is\\nworth millions of dollars to the State of Iowa, and will result\\nin great benefit to every State in the Union where brush and\\nweeds are ruining pasture lands.\\nThe brush question is a most serious one in a great many\\nof our states. As long- as land can be kept under cultivation\\nbrush can be kept down, but when it is once thrown open to\\npasture, briars, and brush of all description begin to grow, and\\nsoon covers the entire surface. Even in our own State of Texas\\nmany millions of acres, in the west, are growing up into brush\\nthickets, which will, sooner or later, become worthless for pastur-\\ning cattle and, in many of the western territories the same condi-\\ntions exist. It is supposed that this has been produced by an\\nincrease in rainfall but, I am inclined to think it is not alto-\\ngether due to this cause. That brush and trees are indigenous\\nto many of our, so-called, arid districts can be very easily proven\\nby the great quantities of roots the present inhabitants dig out\\nof the ground for fuel purposes. Not a tree can be seen for hun-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Introductory Remarks. 2r\\ndreds of miles, yet these great roots can be found almost every-\\nwhere, on the prairies, and are a substantial witness to the fact\\nthat there were an abundance of trees there at some time or\\nother. Before this portion of the United States was occupied\\nby the white race, it was a common practice of the Indians to\\nburn the high prairie grass every fall, or winter, in order to\\nhunt wild game that was very abundant. Buffalo and deer, were\\nas common then as cattle, and sheep, are now, but the grass\\nwas so high, in places, they could not be seen, and the Indian\\nwould burn it off to be able to hunt them more readily. This,\\nundoubtedly, destroyed much of the growth of trees and, in\\nmy opinion, is the trvie explanation of the roots that are now\\nfound in many parts of west Texas, New Mexico and other\\nwestern territories.\\nThe question is a very important one, and if the Angora\\ngoat can be used to keep this growth back it is certainly well\\nworth the attention of many of our land owners, who may, in a\\nfew years, find their land practically worthless. A personal\\nfriend writes me that Many pastures are growing up to\\noak brush, and hazel brush, in the north and in New England\\nthey are bothered with ferns (called brakes), berry bushes, black-\\nberries, raspberries, etc. This kind of fare would be peaches\\nand cream to a goat, and in a year or two the owner would be\\nrelieved of a great nuisance, the goat would grow fat, and the\\nland would be restored to a proper condition for grazing other\\nstock on it.\\nAnother correspondent in Massachusetts speaks of a certain\\nsmall island he owned which v/as so densely covered with brush\\nas to be utterly valueless except to grow mosquitoes. I hear\\nof many parts of the East that are seriously troubled with brush,\\nwhere many thousands of acres are of no use for grazing pur-\\nposes, and the profit in farming will not justify the cost of grub-\\nbing it. In the Southern States many farms have become worn\\nout, and are growing up into brush and weeds. In Dr. James B.\\nDavis report to our government, after he had made his first\\nimportation of Angora goats from Turkey, he makes use of the\\nfollowing language with reference to brush in the Southerr\\nStates.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": ".22 A Nezv Industry.\\nThe want of calcareousness in nearly all of the soils of the Southern\\nStates, together with the heat of our sun, makes an inaptitude to peren-\\nnial grasses for grazing animals, hence more suitable for browsing, as\\nboth tend to originate shrubbery and weeds.\\nThe Angora goat is the proper animal to employ to put\\nthese lands in a proper condition either for cultivating or grazing\\ncattle. But a number of my correspondents have asked me\\nwhat they could do with the goats after they had cleared their\\nland. In reply to this, I will say they can well afford to slaughter\\nthem and feed them to their hogs, but this will not be necessary\\nnow. The fashion has changed since I slaughtered goats for\\ntheir hide and tallow, and there is no trouble now in selling all\\nthe goats you send to any of our large meat packing markets.\\nI shall refer to this subject more particularly under a proper\\nheading, as well as to show the great profit in the incidental or\\nby-products of the animal.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Historica-l Facets\\nCoi\\\\cern.ing tKe Angora^ Goa-t\\nand\\nMa^nuf QLctur e of MoKa^ir.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER I.\\nWHEN, WHERE, AND HOW, DID THE ANGORA GOAT ORIGINATE.\\nThe exact time, or period, when the Angora goat first\\noriginated has never been ascertained.\\nWe have an abundance of testimony in the Bible of the\\nexistence of goats, at a very early period of the world (1800 B.\\nC), see Genesis, xxvii, 9, but as to whether they were the same\\nclass as we now call Angora or not, is altogether a matter\\nof conjecture. The account given of them rather leads to the\\nimpression that they were of a different character entirely; for,\\nthey are, generally, referred to as producing hair (Exodus, xxv,\\n4), and that they did not shear them (I Samuel, xxv, 2).\\nBut, upon the other hand, we read in Exodus, xxxvi, 14,\\nAnd he made curtains of goats hair, for the tent,\\nover the tabernacle and, again in Numbers, xxxi, 20\\nAnd purify all your raiment, and all that is made of\\nskins, and all work of goats -hair which rather leads\\none to think it was fine enough to be woven into cloth, for\\nwearing apparel. But, it will be observed, Moses does not s.ay\\nraiment of goats hair, but 7vork of goats hair, which may have\\nbeen some kind of coarse material like the curtains over the\\ntabernacle are likely to have been made of.\\nThis opinion is, to some extent, confirmed in Leviticus,\\nxiii, 47, where he says: Whether it be a woolen\\ngarment, or a linen garment which conveys the im-\\npression that goats hair was not used for wearing apparel, or\\nit would have been mentioned with wool, and linen for Moses\\nwas giving out a law concerning the cleansing of a leper and if\\nthe people had been accustomed to use goats hair for clothing,\\nhe would surely have included this kind, as well as that made\\nfrom other material for, in the very next verse (Lev., xiii, 48)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER I.\\nWHEN, WHERE, AND HOW, DID THE ANGORA GOAT ORIGINATE.\\nThe exact time, or period, when the x\\\\ngora goat first\\noriginated has never been ascertained.\\nWe have an abundance of testimony in the Bible of the\\nexistence of goats, at a very early period of the world (1800 B.\\nC), see Genesis, xxvii, 9, but as to whether they were the same\\nclass as we now call Angora or not, is altogether a matter\\nof conjecture. The account given of them rather leads to th-e\\nimpression that they were of a different character entirely; for,\\nthey are, generally, referred to as producing hair (Exodus, xxv,\\n4), and that they did not shear them (I Samuel, xxv, 2).\\nBut, upon the other hand, we read in Exodus, xxxvi, l-t,\\nAnd he made curtains of goats hair, for the tent,\\nover the tabernacle and, again in Numbers, xxxi, 20\\nAnd purify all your raiment, and all that is made of\\nskins, and all work of goats -hair which rather leads\\none to think it Vi^as fine enough to be woven into cloth, for\\nwearing apparel. But, it will be observed, Moses does not s.ay\\nraiment of goats hair, but work of goats hair, which may have\\nbeen some kind of coarse material like the curtains over the\\ntabernacle are likely to have been made of.\\nThis opinion is, to some extent, confirmed in Leviticus,\\nxiii, 47, where he says: Whether it be a woolen\\ngarment, or a linen garment which conveys the im-\\npression that goats hair was not used for wearing apparel, or\\nit would have been mentioned with wool, and linen for Moses\\nwas giving out a law concerning the cleansing of a leper and if\\nthe people had been accustomed to use goats hair for clothmg,\\nhe would surely have included this kind, as well as that made\\nfrom other material for, in the very next verse (Lev., xiii, 48)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "2(5 A Nezv Industry.\\nhe specifically says Whether it be in the warp, or\\nzvoof of linen, or of woolen; whether in a skin or in anythinr\\nmade of skiji\\nComing down to the Greek authors Homer and Hesiod\\nreferred to by Dr. Hayes though frequently mentioning the\\ngoat, as a domestic animal, they make no allusion to any par-\\nticular race. yEHan, referring to the goats of Lycia, and the\\npractice of shearing them like sheep, says, that the wool is used\\nfor cords and cables. Apian mentions the stuffs known under\\nthe name of kilikia, from Cilicia (the ancient name of the country\\nin which Angora is situated), as a means of protection against\\nprojectiles; implying that, the goats of Cilicia were not distin-\\nguished for their fineness. Virgil gives the wool of the goat\\nno other destination than to serve for the necessities of the\\ncamp, and for the use of poor sailors.\\n.__^ It was not until the year 1555 that the Angora Goat was\\ndistinctly made known, through Father Belon, who had travelled\\nin Asia Minor, by a brief, but sufficiently characteristic de-\\nscription, which has, doubtless, given rise to the popular belief\\nthat the animal originated in that country; but there is nothing\\nwhatever to support the same beyond the mere fact that the\\nmodern world first heard of them in the Province of An-\\ngora, which is a part of Asia Minor, belonging to Turkey, and\\nthat they have always been known as the Angora goat.\\nThe argument advanced by those who maintain this belief is\\nthat the climate of Angora possesses some pecuhar characteris-\\ntic which has produced the silky hair on the animal, and to\\nstrengthen their opinion, they point to the rabbit, and cat, of\\nthat country, Vv^hich produce the same kind of hair as this goat.\\nThe theory is certainly very plausible, and would be hard to\\novercome, if all the goats, rabbits and cats produced hair ex-\\nactly the same but, it is well known, they have a low grade of\\ngoat, called the Kurd goat, which has black, coarse hair,* and\\nit is not uncommon to find cats and rabbits of various colors,\\n*Peglar describes the Kurd goat as being a black goat, rather\\nlarger than the white or Angora proper, the hair of which, although long\\nand of a fleecy nature, being at the same time coarse in quality.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "When, Where, and Hozv, Did the Angora Goat Originate? 2/\\nof hair as well, hence, it would seem that the beautiful hair\\nof the Angora goat, is not due to the influence of climate,\\notherwise, all the goats of Asia Minor would be afifect^fi-by^t\\nalike.\\nUpon the other hand, there is a breed of goat that is said\\nto have existed for countless ages, in central and northern Asia,\\nknown as the Cashmere, which has the same kind of hair as\\nthe Angora, and, to all outward appearances, is one and the\\nsame kind of animal. In leferring to the Cashmere goat, Dr.\\nHayes* makes use of the following language, in his work on\\nThe Angora Goat, Its Origin, Culture and Products.\\nThe only goat besides the Angora, which is strictly lanigerous, is\\nthe Cashmere or Thibetian goat, which abounds in Central Asia,\\nbut whose origin is still obscure, although it has, according to Brandt,\\naffinities with the Angora race. The size of the Cashmere goat is quite\\nlarge; the horns are flattened, straight, and black, and slightly divergent\\nat the extremities. The ears are large, fiat and pendant. Ihe primary\\nhair, which is long, silky and lustrous, is divided upon the back, and\\nfalls down upon the flanks in wavy masses. Beneath this hair there\\nis developed, in the autumn, a short ind exceedingly fine wool, from\\nwhich, the famous Cashmere shawls are fabricated. See Hays, page 11.\\nThe late Dr. James B. Davis, of Columbia, South Carolina,\\nwho resided for a number of years in Turkey, always claimed\\nthat the Angora, the Cashmere, Persian and Circassian\\ngoats were all one and the same species, changed in some re-\\nspects by altitude, but little by latitude. (See U. S. Pat. Office\\nReport 1853, p. 20.\\nAir. S. Harris, of Oakley, Idaho, who, in 18T5, visited\\nCashmere and Asia Minor for the purpose of buying some\\npure-blooded goats, is of the opmion that the i\\\\ngora goat\\noriginated in Thibet. ]\\\\Ir. Harris is, perhaps, the only resident\\n*Dr. Hayes leans to the opinion that the Angora goat was introduced\\ninto Asia Minor at a comparatively recent period; he says: The silence\\nof the classic authors in respect to any goat with fine and white fleece\\nwould seem to place it beyond doubt that the progenitors of this animal\\nwere introduced into Asia Minor at a com.paratively recent period, when\\nthe country was invaded by barbarous and pastoral races, either Turks\\nor Arabs. (See p. 16.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28 A New Industry.\\nof the United States who has ever visited the Thibetian country\\nin search of goats,* and his opinion is, therefore, worthy of\\ngreat consideration upon a question of this nature. In a recent\\nletter to me he says\\nOn the cars, going through Bengal, I saw a great many goats\\nfeeding along the road. These goats were very large muleys, with nig-\\ngerish heads, and when standing, their e^.rs almost touched the ground.\\nWhen I got up into Central India, on the borders of Punjab, I saw a\\ngreat many goats which were low set, with small ears and cock horns,\\nand had long shaggy hair. It is cold in the Punjab, in comparison with\\nBengal. When I got to Lahore, I had to stage it to Rawil-Pindee, and\\nMurree, the British outposts, which is as far as any vehicle can go. From\\nthere I fitted out to cross the Himalaya into Cashmere. I procured a\\ngood interpreter, and seven, or eight men to go with me, and went into\\nCashmere by the Jhelum route, which is the head tributary of the\\nGanges. In going up the Jhelum, through the Himalaya, I met two\\nEnglish officers, coming down from the Thibets. They had a great\\nmany servants and coolies, loaded with trophies of the chase, and they\\ntold me, there were a great many Ibex, and wild goats of various kinds,\\nup in the high Thibets. They showed me some of the skins, all of\\nVi hich showed long, shaggy hair, with a heavy undercoating of fur.\\nSome had long horns, and others small and spiral-shaped.\\nMy attention was called to two little goats that one of the coolies\\nwas leading. The officer told me these were the tame goats of Bok-\\nhara, and famed for their fur; they were low set, and spry little fellows,\\nwith delicate spiral horns; their hair was white, and shone like silver,\\nand was about four inches long, with a ^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ery fine undercoating of fur.\\nIt took me some eighteen days to get over the Himalaya into\\nCashmere. When I got to Srinagar, the capital, I found there were\\nno goats of the shawl species kept in the vale of Cashmere. They were\\nkept up in the high Thibets, even on the frontier of Siberia, and the goats\\nthat were kept on the highest mountains produced the finest fur.\\nI visited the Maharaja shawl factory in Srinagar, and found that\\nthe goats of Cashmere were not the kind I wanted; so I bouted ship\\nfor the sea.\\nAs I came down through the Himalayas on the Barmula route, in\\ncrossing the Basamoolla river, I came to a Buddhist Temple. The priest\\ngave me some fruit, and I gave him some money. Near to the Temple,\\nI saw three or four nice little white goats, the same as I had seen\\nwith the English officers. I got my interpreter to inquire ol the priest\\n*Hon. Israel H. Diehl visited Asia Minor, but did not go into\\nNorthern Asia.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "IVhcii, Where, and Hozv, Did the Angora Goat Originate? 2p\\nas to their origin, and he very devoutly looked up into the heavens,\\nand then bowed to the earth, and said: The God of Buddha sent them\\ndown from heaven.\\nNow, I think, if the Angora goat originally came from any place,\\nit was from the high Thibets, and was of the same species as the little\\nwhite goat that I saw there.\\nLong ago, tribes of the Thibets may have been persecuted, and\\nwere driven, or, wandered, throvigh Persia, along the Caspian, by the\\nway of Lake Van, into Asia Minor, and took along with them their\\nlittle white goat, a native of Thibet.\\nThe fur, or pnskni, as it is technically called, which the\\nCashmere produces, is evidently a growth called for by the laws\\nof nature to shield the animal from the very severe cold climate\\nof Cashmere, and Thibet, for, it has always occurred that, when\\nany of these animals were taken to a warm climate, this fur\\ndisappeared in a few years. It is therefore, very reasonable to\\nbelieve, that the Angora goat, found in Asia Minor, sprang\\nfrom the Cashmere or Thibetian goat, and, through the action\\nof the warmer climate of Turkey, the coating of the animal\\nhas been changed to its present character.\\nIt will never be known, however, with any degree of cer-\\ntainty, as to when, where or how this animal originated. It\\nmay have been a distinct species in the beginning of creation,\\nor, perhaps it came through a freak of nature, in one, or other\\nof the countries just referred to. Naturalists have disputed\\nover the question ever since the science of zoology was first\\nunderstood, some claiming one theory, and others another. It\\nis claimed by some that the animal is a cross between the do-\\nmestic sheep and the domestic goat others say it sprang from\\nthe Ibex, the common name of several closely allied species\\nof ruminant mammals, belonging to the genus Capra, or goats,\\ninhabiting the loftiest regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. And\\nstill another school claim that the wild goat, or Pesang, of the\\nPersians (which likewise produces a long hair with the fur un-\\nderneath), is the parent of the Angora.* As stated before, it\\n*The great naturalist, Chas. Darwin, in his work on the Origin\\nof Species, page 15 says: The origin of most of our domestic\\nanimals will probably forever remain vague. In regard to\\nsheep and goats I can form no decided opinion.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "JO A Nezv Industry.\\ncan never be learned how this beautiful, and valuable, animal\\nhas been handed down to mankind nor, would it seem to be\\nnecessary, or important, that we should know for, beyond\\nthe mere fact of gratifying idle curiosity, we would be no better\\noff, practically, if we were to learn from the Divine source,\\nthrough which the animal was created, the exact way it was\\nmade. It seems to me, it would be more fitting in us to accept\\nthe gift from nature s generous hand, as we have found it, and\\napply the laws for the improvement of the species, that this\\nsame beneficent Creator has established, and mould for our-\\nselves such an animal as is best suited to our wants, and best\\nadapted to the climate in Which we live.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nTHE PROVINCE OF ANGORA.\\nThe town of Angora is described in the Encyclopedia\\nBritannica as follows Angora, or Enguri, the ancient Ancyra,\\na city of Turkey in Asia, capital of the vilayet of the same name,\\nis situated upon a steep hill, near a small stream, which flows\\ninto the Angora, a tributary of the Sukaria, or Sangarino, about\\n220 miles E S E of Constantinople. Ancyra be-\\nlonged, originally, to Phrygia, and afterwards became the chief\\ntown of the Tectosages, one of the three Gallic tribes that set-\\ntled in Galatia about 277 B. C.\\nIn 189 B. C, Galatia was subdued by Manlius, and in 25\\nB. C. it- was formally made a Roman province, of which Ancyra\\nwas the capital. Ancyra was the seat of one of the earliest\\nchurches, founded, probably, by the Apostle Paul, and councils\\nwere held in the town in 314 and 358 A. D. In 1402 A. D., a\\n^reat battle was fought in the vicinity of Ancyra, in which the\\nTurkish Sultan, Bajazet, was defeated and made prisoner by\\nTamerlaine, the Tartar conqueror. In 1415, it was recovered\\nbv the Turks, under Mahomet I, and since that period has be-\\nlonged to the Ottoman Empire.\\nThe following description of the surrounding country, from\\nthe pen of Mr. H. A. Cumberbatch, British Consul at Angora,\\nin his report to the Marquis of Salisbury, dated the 15tli of\\nJuly, 1895, and which I have taken the liberty of copying from\\nMr. Schreiner s book, is of greater value. Mr. Cumberbatch\\nsays\\nThe vilayet, or province, of Angora, is essentially an agricultural\\none; the rural population gives itself up entirely to the cultivation of\\nthe soil, and the rearing of cattle, while the inhabitants of the towns,\\nthemselves to a great extent owners of farms and vineyards, trade on\\nthe result of the cultivators labors.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "52 A Nczu Industry.\\nThe entire province is more or less mountainous and furrowed\\nby deep valleys. Its mean altitude is estimated at 2900 feet, the town\\nitself being 2854 feet above the sea level.\\nThe elevated masses are here and there shaded with forests, but\\nthe plateaux, which form the most extensive portion of the country,\\nare very little wooded, and consequently the absence of trees and\\nshrubs give them a dreary aspect. The scarcity of trees permits the\\nsummer heat to dry up the little humidity acquired by the soil in winter,\\nand drouths of any length bring about partial or complete failures of\\ncrops.\\nWhenever the mountain soil is carried down by the spring Hoods\\nto the valleys and plateaux, it makes them very fertile and suitable for\\nthe cultivation oi all kinds of cereals and vegetables. Wherever arti-\\nficial irrigation is practicable, the fertilit} is greatly augmented. In\\nthis province there are to be found light and friable soils, both suitable\\nfor wheat and barley culture, and, although rarely manured. S ood crops\\nare raised, thus proving their great fertility.\\nIn many parts, however, and in the Cesarea district especially,\\nthe soil is very poor, with no consistency, being nothing but dust and\\nstones.\\nThe climate is extreme. In the months of January and February\\nthe thermometer will mark a minimum of 10 degrees Fahr. for several\\ndays at a time reaching as far as degree Fahr., whilst in June and\\nJuly the maximum readings of 85 degrees Fahr. arc maintained day\\nafter day with little or no rain.\\nThe country is covered with snow in the winter, rain and snow\\nfalling frequently. In 1894, the total rainfall at Angora was 8:12 inches,\\nbut that was an exceptionally diy season. For the first six months of\\n1895 the rainfall was 10:10 inches, which is somewhat above the average,\\nthe heaviest rainfall in twenty-four hours having been 1:20 inches.\\nIf Mr. Cumberbatch hacf been writing a description of\\nSouthwest Texas, he could hardly have described it better. The\\nonly material difference between the two countries is the char-\\nacter of the valleys in Angora, which appear to be subject to\\noverflows, while those in Southwest Texas are not a feature\\ndecidedly in favor of the latter country. The altitude and gen-\\neral contour of the two countries are very similar, and the same\\nwill apply to New Mexico, and many more of our Western\\nTerritories.\\nA flock of goats in Turkey usually consists of about three\\nhundred head, which is always attended by a man during the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "The Province of Angova. jj\\nday, who is sometimes assisted by several dogs, trained to stay\\nwith the i^ock night and day. Some of these dogs are so\\nferocious that they will attack anything that approaches the\\nflock, and it is dangerous to go near them, unless the man in\\ncharge is with you.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nDISTRIBUTION OF THE ANGORA GOAT INTO OTHER COUNTRIES.\\nThe following century after Father Belon had reported\\nthe existence of the Angora goat in Asia Minor, or about 1650,\\nTournefort, the chief Botanist to the French King, reported that\\nThej rear the finest goats in the world, in the Champaign of An-\\ngora. They dazzle with their whiteness, and their hair, which is as fine\\nas silk, curling naturally in tresses eight or nine inches long, is the\\nmaterial of many stuffs. (See Hayes, p. 27.)\\nMany attempts were made to introduce them into France,\\nEngland and other parts of Europe, but with no success.\\nAccording to Dr. Hayes\\nThe first attempt to appropriate the race in Europe was made by the\\nSpanish government, which imported a flock in 1765. Next followed\\nthe importation of President Tour d Aigues, who introduced some\\nhundred upon the Low Alps in 1787. Towards the end of the\\nlast century, Louis XVI imported a flock of Angoras to Rambouillet,\\nbut this, as well as the flocks of Tour d Aigues, disappeared in conse-\\nquence of the revolution. The best results were obtained in Spain from\\nthe importation of a flock of one hundred, in 1830, by the King of Spain.\\n(See Hayes, p. 34.)\\nSir Titus Salt, together with the Earl of- Derby, intro-\\nduced them into England about 1837, but these soon died out.\\nIn 1849. Dr. J. B. Davis brought nine head into the United\\nStates.\\nThey were introduced into Australia about 1850, and prom-\\nised to become quite a factor in the agricultural pursuits of\\nthat country at one time, but from some cause or other, the\\nindustry was not kept up.\\n*Seven grown goats were imported and two kids were born en-\\nroute to this country.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "Distribution of the Angora Goat Into Other Countries. J5\\nA very unique attempt at localizing them was made in\\nthe Fiji Islands by Mr. R. B. Leafe, an English gentleman, who\\nowns the small island of Xannuna, in 1874. In referring to this,\\nDr. Hayes copies the following interesting account from a book\\nentitled, At Home in Fiji, by C. F. Gordon, an authoress, and\\ntraveler of high reputation\\nOne of Mr. Leafe s most anxious experiments has been the in-\\ntroduction of Angora goats, lovely white creatures, with long, silky\\nfleeces.\\nAt great expense he procured two pairs, and, having killed off all\\nthe male wild goats on the island, the-se beautiful strangers were estab-\\nlished as monarchs of the isle, so the flock is now exceedingly pretty.\\nThere are 230 mothers of all varieties of color, and each has either\\none or two pure white kids, all, without exception, taking after\\ntheir fathers. The fine silky hair is not the sole advantage of introducing\\nthe Angora Goat its flesh is said to be more tender than mutton, with\\na slight flavor of venison, and, moreover, such a flock will thrive where\\nsheep could not find a living. See Hayes, page 93.\\nThey were first introduced into Cape Colony, South Africa,\\nin 1838, by Col. Henderson, formerly of Bombay, India. See\\nSchreiner, p. 170.\\nIn 1856, and 1857, quite a general interest was manifested\\non the part of Cape Town merchants, to introduce them upon\\na large scale, and estabhsh a mohair-growing industry of some\\nmagnitude. Sir Titus Salt, who had made a failure in raising\\nthem in England, was very glad to co-operate in this move-\\nment, as he was then largely interested in manufacturing mo-\\nhair, and was exceedingly anxious to extend its growth. Every\\nimportation that was made to Cape Town found ready sale to\\nfarmers, at satisfactory prices, and the importations continued\\nfrom time to time until upwards of 3000 head had been quietly\\ntransferred to the hills of South Africa, which were thriving as\\nwell or better there than they had in their native home.\\nThe Turks had been encouraged to beheve from the many\\nfailures that had been made in locating their favorite animal\\nin foreign countries, that it was not possible to propagate them\\n*The Encyclopedia Brittanica states that mohair has been shipped to\\nEngland from the Fiji Islands, but does not give the quantity.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "J(5 A Nczv Industry.\\nanywhere except in Turkey or, in other words, that nature\\nhad given to Turkey the exclusive privilege of raising these\\nbeautiful animals, and it was not until about 1875 that they began\\nto realize their mistake, which they did through the astonishing\\ngrowth of the mohair industry in South Africa. From prac-\\ntically nothing in 1860, which was the first shipment made from\\nthat country, of only 385 pounds, the exports reached the very\\nhandsome total of 3,280,000 pounds in 1879 nearly one-half the\\namount that Turkey was then producing.\\nTo be more exact\\nThe Turkish exports to England in 1879 were 4,641,000\\npounds. The Cape, or South African, exports in 1879 were\\n2,280,000 pounds.\\nThe Turks, for the first time, -realized the mistake they\\nhad made in thinking they had been selected as the only cus-\\ntodian of the Angora goat. Their jealousy was aroused, and by\\npersistent appeals to the Sultan, they succeeded in having an\\nedict passed, in 1880, prohibiting the shipment of any more\\nof their precious animals, which they all but worshipped. The\\nseed, however, had been planted, and the South African industry\\ncontinued to increase until it is now (1899) greater than that\\nof Turkey a very fair sample of what intelligence and enter-\\nprise can accomplish in competition with ignorance and super-\\nstition.\\nSince the edict of the Sultan, prohibiting the shipment oi\\nAngora goats, only two legal shipments have been made from\\nTurkey. Permission for the first one was obtained through\\nthe influence of H. B. M. Ambassador to the Sublime Porte\\n.Sir Philip Currie. In this connection the following letter from\\nMr. George Gatherall to the Eastern Province Herald, Port\\nElizabeth, dated Constantinople, 4th Nov., 1895, will be inter-\\nesting reading. Mr. Geo. Gatherall wrote as follows\\nIn May last, owing to the presence of H. B. M. s Ambassador\\nand to a favorable turn in the mind of His Imperial Majesty, the Sul-\\ntan, I obtained an Imperial concession to export Angora mohair goats,\\nand at the same time the government e-tated that it vi^ould be the very\\nlast granted. As soon as the fleece had sufficiently grown to show the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Distribution of flic Angora Goaf Into Other Countries. j/\\nquality of the mohair, namely, early in August, I sent my experienced\\nmen to buy the goats, and during two months I had an unceasing con-\\nflict to get the animals safely out of the country. Immediately that it\\nbecame known that goats were to be exported again, an influential\\nmeeting of all the mohair merchants and dealers took place in Con-\\nstantinople, and decided to oppose the efTort by every means in their\\npower.\\nThey wrote to all their agents, up country, to represent to the farmers\\nthat export of bucks meant mohair coming back to 14d (^Sc American mon-\\ney) that the reason of the late advance was the prohibition of export to\\nthe Cape, which had led to the degeneration of the Cape hair. The dealers\\nalso brought influence to bear on the Governor General of the two\\nprovinces where purchases were to be made, and through which the\\nanimals had to pass, and these Governors did all in their power to\\nprevent purchases. A monster petition, under the auspices of the An-\\ngora Governor General, was drawn up, signed, and addressed to H. I.\\nM. the sultan, begging His Majesty to save their industry from ruin,\\nand to prohibit export. The Governors, moreover, sent officials to\\ninstruct the peasants not to sell any goats. The goats already purchased\\nwere to be given back to the peasants, and, finally, my man was taken\\nofT under arrest to the chief town in the district.\\nThe Turkish populace were excited, and this arrest saved my man s\\nlife. H. B. M. s Ambassador, however, took the matter up with firmness\\nand promptitude. Urgent telegrams were obtained from the Minister\\nof the Interior to the Governors-General, instructing them to remove\\nobstacles and give my men all needful help. This they at last were\\ncompelled to do, and, accompanied by an escort, the further purchases\\nwere made, and the flock protected from brigands and thieves, who\\nattempted to seize the animals. After nearly two months, the goats\\ncame down, just as Constantinople was in a state of terror and massacre,\\none of my men being knocked down, bayonetted and left for dead in\\nthe street. Finally the flock which had been selected with so much\\ncare, and at the serious risk of life, was shipped for Southampton on\\nthe 16th of October last. The flock consists of 115 goats ordered by\\nMessrs. Mosenthall Sons Co., and fifty goats ordered by the Rt.\\nHon. Cecil Rhodes. The entire shipment is the result of a very careful\\nand painstaking selection by experienced judges, and chosen from\\nthousands of the very best flocks in the very best districts of Asia\\nMinor. Thes^ animals should please your judges, I think. I have\\nalways pleased them hitherto, and these in my opinion, are the finest\\nthat have ever been sent to the Cape.\\nEleven Months later, Mr. George Gatherall sent another\\nconsignment of Angoras to Messrs. A. Mosenthall Co. They", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "^8 A Nciv Industry.\\nwere landed at Port Elizabeth, on the 6th of November, 189G,\\nand consisted of thirty-three rams and thirty ewes. See\\nSchreiner, page 214.\\nThese have been the last shipments of Angora Goats from\\nTurkey.\\nDr. Hayes refers to an attempt to introduce the Angora\\non Guadaloupe Island in the Pacific ocean, which he says was\\nwell stocked with the common goat; but, the enterprise failed,\\nbecause, as he puts it,\\nIn such conditions, as is well known, it is not the best, but the\\nstrongest, race (which in this case would be the native) that survives.\\nThis, however, does not seem to have been the reason of\\nthe failure, as will be seen from the following account furnished\\nby Mr. Wm. M. Landrum, who was one of the principals en-\\ngaged in the enterprise\\n-GUADALOUPE ISLAND is situated off the coast of Low-\\ner California, about 210 miles south by one-half west from San\\nDiego, California. It is about sixteen miles wide, by thirty long,\\nand contains in the vicinity of 300,^00 acres of rough mountainous\\nland, having an altitude in places of 4000 feet above sea level.\\nIt is well covered with brush, and is an ideal spot for the goat.\\nIn 1868 and 1869 it was estimated there were not less than\\n80,000 head of the common short-haired variety of goats on this\\nisland, which, it is supposed, were first started by the English\\nexplorer and navigator. Captain James Cook, during the eight-\\neenth century.\\nThis island belongs to the government of Mexico, and was\\ngranted to General Valdethe, and Florencea Sevana for services\\nrendered by them and, in, or about, 1870, a company of Ameri-\\ncans was formed, consisting of Wm. M. Landrum, Car Abbott,\\nB. Boswell, and others, all of California, at the time, for the\\npurpose of introducing some Angora Goats on this island, with\\nthe expectation of improving the character of the common\\ngoats by crossing them with the Angora.\\nBy an arrangement with the heirs of General Valdethe and\\nFlorencea Sevana, this company got the exclusive privilege of", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Distribution of the Angora Goat Into Other Countries. jp\\nusing; the island, and they placed upon it in 1872 or T3 in the vi-\\ncinity of 1200 head of high-grade Angora does and 100 pure-\\nbred bucks, at a cost of $20,000, and it was their intention to\\nkill off all the native males as fast as they could for their hides\\nand tallow.\\n]\\\\Ir. Landurm was made president and general manager\\nof the company, and he whites me that the Angora did re-\\nmarkably well and improved rapidly. After they had been\\non the island sixteen months, he sheared one doe that had\\nmohair 22 inches long, of perfect staple, and the fleece under\\nthe belly was much worn by being dragged over the rocks (Mr.\\nJno. S. Harris, of Idaho, mentions having seen a sample of\\nthis hair in Constantinople in 1876, which Mr. Landrum had\\nsent to Mr. Jno. R. Thompson of Constantinople).\\n]\\\\Ir. Landrum adds The island is especially adapted to\\nthe raising of mohair goats, but we made a failure owing to\\nthe fact that we did not have honest men to take charge of\\nthe work, and upon three occasions they ran ofif with all the\\nskins they had taken, together with the tallow, and we were\\nfinally compelled to abandon the enterprise, after expending\\nupwards of $30,000 in labor and expenses.\\nAir. Landrum is well satisfied that a great fortune could\\nbe made b} some one who would be willing to live on the\\nisland, but that he was too old to think of living in such a way,\\nand there were none in the companv who cared to exile them-\\nselves on such a lonely spot.\\nANGORA GOATS IN CANADA.\\nIt is surprising that the Angora goat has never been intro-\\nd;.ced into Canada, more particularly as they are very fond of\\nthe Canada Thistle (see Xotes from Practical Breeders\\nwhich is so objectionable to the farming industry in that coun-\\ntry, as to require the most stringent legislation to keep it from\\nspreading. The following letter received from Mr. Albert J.\\nHill, member Canadian Society Civil Engineers of British\\nColumbia, is interesting, and it is to be hoped that he will be\\nsuccessful in srettinsf the industrv started at an earlv dav.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40 A Nczv Industry.\\nNew Westminster, B. C,\\nSept. 7th, 1899.\\nW. L. Black. Esq.,\\nDear Sir I am sorry to say that, though I have been trying to work\\nup the industry in this Province, other business calls have operated against\\nthe devotion of sufficient time to the project to make it, so far a success\\nthough recently, offers of capital from England to introduce the industry\\non a large scale promise an early organization of our enterprise. Up\\nto the present there are practically no Angoras in British Columbia,\\nthough the Province, both in climate and otherwise, seems to be pecul-\\niarly fitted for them. Splendid insular ranges exist all along the coast,\\ncapable of carrying many thousands of head, and free from all predatory\\nanimals, or other hurtful conditions, while the interior offers millions of\\nacres of brushy mountain range, well adapted to this industry and noth-\\ning else. These lands vary from ocean level to 8000 feet above, providing\\nan ever-changing supply of herbage, and abundance of pasturage, as the\\nsnows leave the slopes with advancing summer, or urges the bands down-\\nwards as winter approaches.\\nThe insular ranges have practically no winter, the climate being such\\nthat the animals will not accept shelter the year round, and in one instance\\na few of them have actually run wild, and are, I believe, increasing on\\nthe higher parts of the island away from any any human care.\\nYours faithfully,\\nALBERT J. HILL.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV.\\nCHARACTER OF THE EARLY ANGORA GOAT.\\nThe character of the Angora Goat in Turkey in the early\\npart of the present century was ver}- different from what it\\nis today. e are told by all authorities on the subject that\\nthey were then a very small, delicate animal, shearing from 2\\nto 2y2 pounds of mohair, according to sex, and age,* while at\\nthe present time it is not uncommon to hear of individual bucks\\nshearing as high as 15 to 18 pounds, and does shearing 9 to 10\\npounds. In summing up his investigation upon this subject,\\nAir. Schreiner says\\nI think it is certain that the original pure-bred white mohair goat\\nwas a small, very refined, delicate animal of great beauty, clipping at\\ntwelve months growth of fleece about two to four pounds (accord-\\ning to sex and age kids considerablj^ less) of dazzling white,\\nfine, soft, silky, very lustrous moJiair, curling in ringlets from\\neight to ten inches long, with merely the minimum of oil in its fleece\\nrequisite to the growth of hair of the highest excellence, so small in\\n*According to a report in the Encyclopedia Brit, (see Vol. X, p. 708)\\nThe Angora goat is often confounded with the Cashmere, but is, in\\nreality, quite distinct from it. The principle feature of the breed, of which\\nthere are two or three varieties, is the length and quality of its hair, which\\nhas a particularly soft and silky texture, covering the whole body and a\\ngreat part of the legs, with close matted ringlets. The horns of the\\nmale differ from those of the female, being directed vertically, and in shape\\nspiral, whilst in the female they have a horizontal tendency somewhat\\nlike those of a ram. The coat is composed of two kinds of hair, the one\\nshort and coarse, and of the character of hair; the other long and curly\\nand of the nature of wool, forming the outer covering. Both are used\\nby the manufacturer, but the exterior portion which makes up by far the\\ngreater bulk is much the more valuable. The average amount of wool\\nyielded b}- each animal is about 2yo pounds.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "^2 A Nciv Ijidiisfry.\\namount as to be inappreciable to the unskilled observer. It was per-\\nfectly clothed in every part; it had short silky, curly hair about the\\nface and down the lower parts of the kgs to the hoofs, a soft, silky\\ncurl} kuif (tuft on the forehead), and small, thin, light-colored horns,\\nThe ewe was, of course, smaller and finer than the ram, and had only\\none kid at a birth (of this there is abundant eA idence). Its delicacy was,\\nno doubt, mainly due to a long course of mbreeding, perhaps, also, partly,\\nto the desire that it should yield hair of exquisite fineness. In a goat,\\nrefinement and delicacy of body, and fleece, to some extent, go to-\\ngether. I do not think it possible for a large, powerful, big-boned\\ngoat to produce such a fleece as it- seems evident the original pure An-\\ngora carried. This long course of inbreeding, however, while it ren-\\nders the goat delicate, at the same time also made it a thoroughbred,\\nin the truest sense of the term.\\nihere seems to be no doubt that, speaking generally, it had been\\n1:red true to type for many centuries, and thus has acquired to an al-\\nmost unique extent, that one distinguishing quality of the thorough-\\nbred great antiquity of fixed eharacteristics. This gave it prepotency\\nof unusual strength, as was shown by the certainty and rapidity with\\nwhich the rams impressed their peculiar characteristics upon their\\nprogeny got by common ewes, a fact lull} established, and remarked\\nupon with wonder by all who used them to grade tip from common\\newes before the breed had lost its prestine purity. (See S:hreiner, pp.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a258-59.\\nThere is no doubt that ^Ir. Schreiner s deductions are cor-\\nrect, and it is more than probable the Turks would have con-\\ntinued the practice of in. and in breeding had it not been for\\nthe great increase in the demand for mohair, which began in the\\nyear 1837 and continued to grow much faster than it could\\nbe supplied. This new industry in England began with the\\nmanufacture of alpaca, and the value of both mohair and alpaca\\nnaturally, advanced rapidly, from about 20c in 1836-3T, to up-\\nwards of 75c to $1.00 a pound in 1860. Under the influence of\\nsuch seductive chances for profit, the wily Turk commenced\\nto cross his Angoras upon the common Kurd goat of his\\ncountry, which they have kept up to a greater or less extent\\nto the present time. The result of this cross has produced a\\ncomplete change in the character of the animal, and it is very\\ndoubtful if they have any goats in Asia ]\\\\Iinor today that can\\nbe called absolutely pure.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Character of the Early Angora Goat. 4^\\nThe crossing has, however, been beneficial in more ways\\nthan one. It has largely increased the yield of mohair in Tur-\\nkey, and has changed the goat from a small, delicate animal,\\nshearing 2 to 2]^ pounds, to a strong and vigorous one, shear-\\ning 4 to 5 pounds for the average clipping of ordmary flocks.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "Dr. James B. Davis.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V.\\nINTRODUCTION OF THE ANGORA GOAT INTO THE UNITED\\nSTATES.\\nThe Angora goat was first introduced into the United\\nvStates by Dr. James B. Davis, of Columbia, S. C, in 1849.*\\nThis gentleman was a native of South Carolina, born December\\n30th, 1807, and was educated at the Columbia, S. C, college.\\nHe graduated as a physician in the Medical College of Charles-\\nton, S. C, was at the Transylvania University Medical Depart-\\nment in 1829-30, but practiced medicine only two years. On\\nNovember 2d, 1830, he married Miss Mary Elizabeth Scott,\\nand devoted his time afterwards mainly to agriculture, until\\nhe was appointed by President Polk, of the United States, in\\n814. as a proper person to introduce the culture of cotton into\\nTurkey, in response to a request from the Sultan. His experi-\\nments in Turkey lasted about three years. His contract with the\\nTurkish Government procured him an annual salary of $12,000\\nin gold, besides a residence, and carriages and horses, and\\nwhen he was about to abandon his work, the Sultan was pleased\\nto present his wife with a purse of $20,000 additional a por-\\ntion of which was invested in buying a small flock of Asiatic\\ngoats, and other animals, among which were a j air of Brahmin\\ncattle, some water oxen, and a Maltese jack.\\nDr. Davis returned to the United States in 1849, and re-\\nmained in Charleston and vicinity for some time, and then\\n*In sending me the above photograph of Dr. Davis, his daughter,\\n]\\\\Irs. H. K. White, now of Bryan, Texas, writes: Regretting I have no\\nJater picture of my father, I send you a small miniature of him, taken in\\n(^arly life not as I remember him, a grand looking man with large black\\neyes, black hair, florid complexion, and high white forehead, a man of\\nrtriking appearance and courtly manners.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46 A New Industry.\\nmoved near Columbia, S. C, and in a few years moved back\\nto his original home near Monticello, in Fairfield County, where\\nhe died on the 6th of May, 1859.*\\nHe had a great fondness for agricultural affairs, with a\\nvery decided turn for experimenting with different kinds of\\nlive stock that he thought would be adapted to the Southern\\n-climate a fact that may be easily inferred from the following\\nletter to the U. S. Agtl. Dept. in 1853\\nIn 1836, having had some experience in the importation of short-\\nhorned, Devon and Ayershire cattle, into this State, I then summarily-\\nadvanced an opinion that all cattle brought from a Northern to a\\nSouthern cHmate must necessarily degenerate to the peculiarities of\\nour location, and that it would be easier to improve cattle already\\nacclimated or import animals from a still warmer region. In my late\\nsojourn in Asia and the East, I had reference to this observation in\\nimporting Cashmere, Scinde and Malta milking goats, as well as the\\nBrahmin ox, or Nagore of India; the Asiatic buffalo, or water ox,\\nand other animals. See Patent Office Report 1853, page 20.\\nThese animals, it would seem, were imported more as a\\nmatter of curiosity and experiment than with a view to the\\nestablishing of a distinct industry but, it was not very long be-\\nfore Dr. Davis realized that the Western Hemisphere offered\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0greater advantages for the production of mohair than the East\\ndid. In the letter above referred to he makes use of the follow-\\ning language, bearing on this point\\nIn locating these animals in different sections of South Carolina,\\nI can see no difference between those reared here and the imported,\\nwith the exception that those reared in this state are finer and heavier\\nfleeced than those imported. See Pat. Off. Kept. 1853, page 20.\\nHe continued his experiments with the goats for a few\\nyears, during which he sold some of his increase to parties in\\nNew York, and other States, where they proved to be equally\\n*The foregoing matter is taken from a letter from Col. Zimmerman\\nDavis, of Charleston, S. C, Secretary and Treasurer of the Water Works\\nof that city, who very kindly supplied me with the information in response\\nto my inquiry, and in another letter he contributed some further informa-\\ntion touching the real character of the goats that Dr. Davis imported\\nwhich will appear later under a proper chapter.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Introduction of Angora Goats Into the United States. 47\\nwell adapted, and in 1854, he disposed of his entire lot of pure-\\nbreeds, to Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, who had\\nbeen watching his experiments with no little interest from the\\nvery beginning.\\nThe late Hon. Israel S. Diehl, in his paper published in the\\nU. S. Agtl. Dept. Rept. of 1863, referring to the Angora goat,\\nsays\\nNowhere, however, has their introduction and breeding been at-\\ntended with the same cheering resuUs and decided success as in our\\nown country, and this, after thorough trial, and practical experiments\\nduring the last fifteen years, when seven were first imported by Dr.\\nDavis into South Carolina. Since that, some three hundred head have\\nbeen imported from Angora, at various times and seasons, via Con-\\nstantinople and Boston, mainly for the South and Southwest, from\\nwhich, with their crosses, a numerous progeny and various small flocks\\nhave descended, now numbering several thousands, and scattered from Mas-\\nsachusetts to California, yet still mainly confined to the Southwestern\\nStates, in flocks of from twelve to three hundred, and more, as at At-\\nlanta, Georgia; Gallatin and Nashville, T-annessee; Russellville, Frank-\\nfort, Paris and Georgetown, Kentucky; Greenville, Lebanon, Mont-\\ngomer} and Bucyrus, Ohio; Green Comliy, Indiana; Chicago, Decatur\\nand Evanstown, Illinois; St. Louis, Maramec and Fayette, Missouri;\\nBaltimore, Maryland; Leavenworth, Kansas; Brownsville, Pittsburg,\\nWashington and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; New York, Boston, Bel-\\nmont, Massachusetts; Austin, Texas; Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and\\nCalifornia, with other localities, where they have been thoroughly tried,\\nprospered and improved.\\nWe have either personally visited and examined most of the\\nabove-named localities and flocks, seen, or obtained, animals or speci-\\nmens of the wool, comparing them with what we saw abroad, and\\nthe best specimens of wool to be obtained from abroad, or the best\\nimported ones, and are well satisfied and thoroughly convinced that\\nwe have succeeded, and can continue to succeed, in raising this valuable\\nwool-bearing animal, with its precious fleece, almost anywhere through-\\nout our country where sheep will prosper, especially in the higher, and\\ncolder, localities, producing an animal more hardy, with a heavier and\\nmore valuable fleece, than the Angora, or Cashmere, itself in its own\\ncountry. The specimens of wool in our possession, and raised in this\\ncountry, are found generally finer, more silky, and fleecy, than the im-\\nported, and original, ones.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI.\\nSUBSEQUENT IMPORTATIONS INTO THE UNITED STATES.\\nCollecting correct statistics is a very difficult task at an\\\\\\ntime, but more particularly when they extend over a period of\\nnearly fifty years, as is the case with our importations of Angora\\ngoats fortunately, however, we have a living member in the\\nindustry who has been intimate with nearly every importation\\nthat has been made to the United States since Col. Peters first\\npurchased the Davis goats, an(i has, perhaps, given closer at-\\ntention to this matter than any other person in our country.\\nI refer to Mr. W. M. Landrum, now of Laguna, Texas, who\\nwas for many years a resident of California, and was the starter\\nof the industry in that State, as early as 1861. Through the\\ncourtesy of this gentleman, I am able to give, perhaps, the\\nclosest particulars relating to each importation that is possible\\nto obtain, as Mr. Landrum personally inspected many of them,\\nand was in close touch with those who examined others.\\nAccording to data furnished by Mr. Landrum The second\\nimportation was made by Mr. W. W. Chenery, of Boston,\\nMass., about the year 1861, which consisted of twenty head,\\nbut they were affected with the Asiatic scab, and all died.\\nMr. Chenery made another importation in 1866. and in\\nthe spring of 1867, still another, which consisted of twenty head\\neach, and of which al^out thirty head were safely landed in this\\ncountry.\\nMr. Landrum writes\\nI went to Boston early in 67, and waited for the arrival of the\\nthird lot selected nine head out of the second lot and one out of the\\nthird shipment. In 1870 Mr. Charles S. Brown, a banker of New\\nYork City, associated with Hon. Israel S. Diehl, formerly consul to\\nBatavia, imported 150 head, of which 135 arrived.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Subsequent Importations Into the United States. 49\\nReferring- to this importation, he says\\nI was in New York City at the time this association was formed,\\nand contracted for the first choice of the shipment. When they arrived\\nin New York city, I took the first steamer for my goats. I found the\\ngoats on Mr. Brown s farm in New Jersey, in low, swampy land. I\\nselected only two bucks, one of which was the notorious hornless\\nCastomboul buck that sheared 20 pounds, but too coarse for anything\\nbut wigs. Mr. Diehl arrived in Asia just after the goats were shorn,\\nand had to guess at what he bought. Some of them were very fine\\nand pure. Out of this importation, only about thirty or forty head\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0survived the Asiatic mange, which they had contracted.\\nThe next year, 1871, Mr. A. Eutichides, a Greek merchant, left Asia\\nwith 200 head of goats for the United States. The Asiatic scab broke\\nout on the way to this country; the man he had in charge of them died,\\nand only about 100 were landed. These were taken to Vir-\\nginia, where I visited the flock in 1872, and they were still afflicted with\\nthe scab, which I showed him how to cure. I had caught the disease\\nsome years before in my own goats, from an imported buck, and had\\nmuch trouble and expense to get rid of it.\\nIn 1873, Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Ga., imported three\\ngoats of the Geredah variety, through Mr. C. W. Jenks, of Boston,\\nMass.\\nThe next importation was twelve head, made by Mr. J. S. Harris,\\nof Holister, Cal., associated with Mr. Wm. Hall of San Jose, Cal. Mr. Har-\\nris visited Asia in person, and selected the animals, which were taken to\\nCalifornia, via New York, in 1876.\\nSumming up the different lots that have been imported,\\nMr. Landrum gives the following figures\\nDr. J. B. Davis started with 7 head and had two kids on\\nshipboard 9\\nW. W. Chenery, 60 head, of which were landed only 30\\nChas. S. Brown and Hon. Israel S. Diehl 135\\nA. Eutichides 100\\nJ. S. Harris and Wm. Hall 12\\nAn English sea captain sold to W. D. Parish, of Texas 2\\nCol. Richard Peters, through C. W. Jenks, of Boston 3\\nTotal 291\\n*Mr. Jno. S. Harris, of Oakley, Idaho, writes we with reference to this\\nimportation as follows:\\nFrom what I could learn from the Turks, Minister Diehl did not", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "50 A New Industry.\\nMr. J. R. Dodge, for many years chief statistician in the\\nU. S. Agtl. Dept., refers to an importation that was made into\\nTexas by Mr. Price Maurice, a wealthy Australian breeder.\\nMr. Dodge states, in a communication to the Country Gentle-\\ninan, that Mr. Maurice imported sixteen rams and 168 ewes, for\\nthe ranch of his sons in Texas, Maurice Brothers, in 1869, 1872\\nand 1873, but there must be some mistake on the part of Mr.\\nDodge about this importation, as I can find no one connected\\nwith the industry in Texas, or elsewhere, who has any knowl-\\nedge of it. The fact of Mr. Price Maurice having made such an\\nimportation as Mr. Dodge refers to, into Australia rather\\nstrengthens the opinion that he is in error in saying it was\\nmade to the United States. Refering to this, Mr. Schreiner, on\\npage 252 of his recent work on the Angora Goat, says\\nIn 1869, Mr. Price Maurice imported ten pure-bred Angoras\\ninto South Australia from Asia Minor, and made further importations\\nin 1871, 1872 and 1873, in all sixteen rams and oiie hundred avd sixly-\\neight czves.\\nAnother importation of eight head is mentioned by Col\\nJ. Wash. Watts, of Montville, S. C, made by Hon. Wm. Henry\\nStiles, of Cartersville, Georgia. Col. Watts, in a recent letter\\nto me, says\\nMr. Stiles was formerly Minister to Australia, and made an im-\\nportation of Angora goats just before the war. 1 saw them and had\\nan ewe from them, but I did not think they were equal to the Davis\\ngoats, which I regard the best that have ever come across the sea,\\nthough the Stiles goats were larger and stouter than the Davis\\ngoats, but inferior in fleece. Col. Stiles died, either during the war, or\\nsoon after. Where his goats went I don t know, for I moved, too,\\nfrom Georgia, to my native land (South Carolina). Col. Stiles told me\\nhe assisted Dr. Davis to get his goats out of Turkey.\\nIt will therefore appear that we have received, all told, the\\nfollowing importations of Angora Goats\\nbuy his goats in Angora, but in Bai-Bazar. I stopped a day and night\\nin Bai-Bazar with an American gentleman who purchased the bulk\\nof mohair grown there for Jno. R. Thompson of Constantinople. This\\ngentleman told me the goats that Mr. Diehl bought were Al and he\\nhad helped to purchase them for him.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "Subsequent Importations Into the United States. ^i\\nAs per Mr. Landrum s statement, 291 as per Col. J. Wash\\nWatts statement, 8 or a total of 299, of which it is reasonable\\nto believe many were neglected during- our civil war, and died,\\nand a few were doubtless of an inferior character, being hardly\\nentitled to the term pure bred.\\nIn the past fifteen years about twelve head of Angoras\\nhave been imported from South Africa, but the most of these\\nwere not considered as good as some of the best stock in our\\nown country.\\nIn 1886, Fink Co., of Leon Springs, Texas, imported\\nthree bucks and three does. Mr. Geo. A. Hoerle (of which\\nfirm he was then a partner) writes me that they had,\\nTwenty-five or thirty head of does in their own flock superior in\\nevery way to the ones they had imported, and only one of the bucks\\nwas considered superior to what they had themselves.\\nIn 1893, Mr. C. P. Bailey made his first importation, and\\nin 1899 he made a second, consisting altogether of six head.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "CI1AI 1 I J VII.\\nSIMiKAl) OF I lll ANC;OliA fJOA l INDUSTIiY 11 1 liOi;(;HOi;T TDK\\nVAItlOIJS STATKS AND I MlililTfjIU KS.\\nAccorflin^ U ;i ;ipfr fiirnisliC hy llic ];d lion. Israel S.\\nOicjij, flic Ai]^.(ora jj;o;i,t lia l ix-ni sn rf: -sfu]|y raisf: in no less\\nthan tliirl.ccn of llic Sl.at,(:s cast, of Ili iV]ississip];i Kivcr, as early\\nas \\\\H( 2.\\nSOIiTll CAK OIJNA li;t,s tlx- honor of h -in^ the first, to\\nlian llc tlif: animal, thron^ i li \\\\)r. J.-iinc, I havis, of Colnnihia,\\nas early as \\\\H i\\nIn l^r;:;, l;r. iJavis wrr;te to llie li. S. I alenL (Jfficc as\\nfollows\\n()u iiiy ;i,rriv. i.l I iiiiin li;i(cly proniri l ;i nniiih r of our lilllc liniiuii-\\nlive native females Roals, an rro/, llif-m ti])on a Cashmere l^vick. Tlicir\\n])r )i4c])y ]\\\\:i very fine hair IjiU hill lonj.^cr lh;ui that of the flocs. I aj^ain\\ncrossed Liie females of tliis jjro^cDy ui on the other Cashmere I;uck, and it\\nwas flifficnlt to flistingnish these from the pure breed, and the subsefjuent\\ncross cannot hi dclcrtcfl. In ihe \u00e2\u0096\u00a0,|)rin|. I eontemijlate erff;(:tin|: still\\nunotlier rro:/,. S -e i a.L (Ji(. Kejjort, j.aj^c i^O.\\nOnly a few j.(oats w(;re owned y l)r. iJavis, ami, owin^ to\\n1.1)c vctry lii;^i) ]jrire tlx-y cfjiiunaii li-fl, it is natural that hut a\\nliniitc l nniiihcr of hreeders in any particular Statr- coiil l hccfjine\\n\u00c2\u00bbinl(-reslcd in then) very soon. U[ on tliis subject, hr. Uavis\\nwrites\\nI ronsidci llii:, a most v. ilualde and useful ex); !rim(mt, as f made\\narran;,^em i)l wilh amateurs to ;,ell ];m- l;rcd bucks at $100.-* In ten\\ndays all tlu: |nnc hrcds were taken, witli a demand for many more.\\nI li;ivi- loc.-iicd tlicm frin)) the to; of the mountains lo tiie sea-\\nbo;ird, botij in (^;uolina ;ind d-or^ia. .See IJ. S. t al. Off. v\\\\A. ]8r,.\\npage 21.\\nPliis is a tyjjograjdiical error anri should read $1000.00, as will be seen\\nlater, in a letter from Mrs. H. K. White, a daughter of D. Davis.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "spread of Angara (Joal Industry in the Stales and Terrilorks. 5J\\nCol. J. Wafih Watts was one of the early l^reeders of the\\nj^oat in South Carolina, and contributed much valuable informa-\\ntion about them through the work of I Jr. J. L. J f ayes, The\\nAngora Goat, Its Origin, Culture and i/roducts, (\\\\HH2.) This\\ngentleman is still enjoying good health, at the advanced age of\\neighty years, and, although not personally interested in goats\\nis still a strong believer in the industry.\\nIn a recent letter to the writer. Col, Watts, says\\nI f]o not know how jnany goals /xrc in South Carolina, but very\\nfew. I never owned over 200 head niyiclf. I have always found South\\nCarolina well adapted to rai.sing them.\\nCol. Watts adds some very interesting and valuable infor-\\nmation about the Davis goats, and other matters concerning\\nthe industry which I believe ought to be preserved, more par-\\nticularly as coming from so eminent an authority, anrl one so\\nlong familiar with the Angora in this country.\\nNear Montville, S. C, Aug. 2-5, 1800.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black.\\nDear Sir Your letter of )8th came to hand yesterday. I received\\na copy of the same some time ago from Col, Holloway, which I hope\\nyou have received before now, as J. answered promptly, as I always\\ndo such letters, but for fear you did not get it, I will answer this and\\nforward at once, I wrote a card this morning to a friend, Maj. Thomas\\nW. Woodward, of Winsboro, S, C, to give you the address of some\\nrelative of Dr. James B, Davis, I hope he will do so at once, I\\nhave outlived nearly all of my old friends, near my age in a few flays\\n1 will be eighty, and in better health than when X was young, though I\\nhave given up my stock to my son, who is enjoying the Bermuda\\npa.sture that I made in my prime. My stock has attended every State\\nfair that has been held here since the war,\\nThe Hon, Wm, Henry Stiles, deceased, who lived near Carters-\\nvillc, Ga,, formerly Minister to Austria, made an importation of\\nAngora goats, just before the war, I saw them and had an ewe from\\nthem, but I do not think they were equal to the Davis goats, which I\\nregard the best that have ever come across the sea, though the Stiles\\ngoat s were larger and stouter than th-^ Davis goats, but inferior in\\nfleece Col, Stiles died either during the war, or soon after; where hi-\\ngoats went I don t know, as I moved, too, from Georgia to my nativ:\\nland. Col, Stiles told me that he assisted Dr, Davis to get his goats\\nout of Turkey. Dr, Davis also bought a pair of cattle that he called", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "5^ A Nezv Industry.\\nBrahmin. I think they are the Nagorc bull of history; also a pair that\\nhe called water oxen, perhaps the African buffalo. He sold the for-\\nmer to Eads of Kentucky at a big price; there are many grades of\\nthem in this State. You no doubt have read the reports of committees\\nappointed by the Georgia Agricultural Society to determine the proper\\nname of these Davis goats. He called them Cashmere. You will find\\nthe reports in the Agricultural Reports from the Patent Office for\\n1855 and 57. I don t recollect whether there is anything in 1850. The\\nlate Dr. John Bachman, of Charleston, was chairman. He concluded\\nthat they were neither Cashmere nor Angoras, but a more valuable\\nanimal than either. I was at all of these meetings of the society.\\nAfter this all parties became satisfied that they are the genuine Angora\\ngoat. I roomed with Mr. Peters and Dr. Davis, the night they made\\nthe trade, which years after Mr. Peters told me paid him better than\\ncny other branch of his farming interest. He was a wonderful man\\nin his way, and deserves to be on the top of the list of Angora owners\\nThese goats have one peculiarity that is different from all other animals:\\nihe bucks and ewes all go out of heat alike, and come in together; a\\nbuck will not serve an ewe out of season, which lasts from September,\\nabout four months; as this occurs but once a year, a grade buck\\nwould have to be U3ed to get the second crop of kids. In crossing to\\nimprove the fieece, it is best to use the short-haired goat, as you can\\nbreed on the fieece quicker than you can change the long-haired fleece.\\nI believe all the Mexican, and South American, goats have the short\\nhair, and have kids twice a year, which they nurse well. I have been\\ntalking to some young friends about getting out from Texas, or Mex-\\nico, 500 to 1000 white ewes to cross with the Angora. You will oblige\\nme by letting me know where the white short-haired goat is to be found,\\nand the price, and how often they have kids, and how many, and what\\nwould likely be the freight from Galveston to Charleston, S. C. I\\nhad a few of these Texas goats with a flock of sheep, a trio of us\\nowned in Bosque County, before and during the war; they were very\\nlarge for goats. I would like to see several thousand of these goats\\nin this S :ate. I could not answer your query about the brush pas-\\ntures; ours are generally old fields, with shrubbery growing on worn-\\nout lands. We have the Japan clover, or Lespardeza, which grows\\nwell on all kinds of lands, and does its own .sewing. It is really a won-\\nder to us how it came, and how it spreads. Goats and sheep are very\\nfond of it, and after the goats take a run over this pasture they will\\nsettle down and take a good bait of this clover and lie down until even-\\ning, when they go again. I know of no one, except my son. who is\\ngiving the goat of any breed any attention. Cotton is their crop\\nfor money, so, as this is about to fail them, they will soon be raising\\ngoats or sheep, which will pay some profit every year. The goat question is\\ncoming up, even in the North. It seems that the Patent Office gave", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories, jj\\nout lately the letter I wrote to John L. Haj^es, which the Springfield\\nRepublican published, and other papers, so I am beset v/ith letters\\nfrom Massachusetts to Florida for information. As I own no goats\\nnow of any kind, it is rather burdensome to write an essay on goats\\never}^ few days. If I can assist j^ou in an}^ waj with your book, I will\\nbe pleased to do so; so don t hesitate to call on me. When I was last\\nin Texas, some one told me that some person near San Antonio had\\ntwo thousand of these white goats, that I im enquiring after. I have\\nhad a few Maltese milk goats that had long coarse hair. I crossed\\nthem with the Angora, and the half-breeds would have four kids a\\nyear, and one had three at a binn. One was a wonderful milker. I\\nloaned her to a friend to help raise his twins, and she did her part well\\n(See statement in Hayes book, page oo).\\nI had also a South American milk goat, short hair; she was a\\nfine milker, and had kids twice a year. I had at one time two hundred\\npure-breds and grades, sold a hundred at one time, which I delivered on\\nRoane mountain, N. C. Several were kids. We drove 175 miles across\\nmountains and rivers, but never lost a kid or goat; though as we had to\\nguard them from eating the laurel, and iAw, which grew abundantly on\\nboth sides of the road. I formerly herded them myself, until I grew\\ntoo old to get about fast enough. I could turn them at m} command,\\nthey obeying promptly. If our old lands too poor for cultivation\\ncould be made into goat pastures, and grazed according to their capacity,\\nit would add millions to the farmers income, but our people have so\\nlong depended on the one crop, cotton, it would be hard to change their\\nhabits. Very truly.\\nJ. WASH WATTS.\\nGEORGIA was the second State to become interested in the\\nAngora goat through Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta.\\nCol. Richard Peters was born in the State of Pennsylvania,\\non the 10th of Xovember, 1810, and passed away in Atlanta,\\nGa., on the 6th of February, 1889, at the advanced age of seven-\\nty-nine years. He was a grandson of Judge Peters, a celebrated\\nlawyer of Philadelphia, Penn., who was Commissioner of Wai\\nin 1778, afterwards Secretary of W v for six months, and was\\na member of Congress in 1781, and the organize, of the first\\nagricultural society that was started in the United States, in\\n1785.\\nCol. Peters was educated as a civil engineer; and, in 1812,\\nhe left Pennsylvania for the purpose of locating the Georgia\\nRailroad, of which he was afterwards superintendent of con-\\nstruction, but resigned this position to engage in running a line", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "5(5 A Nczv Industry.\\nof stages from Covington the end of the Georgia Railroad at\\nthat time into Montgomery, Alabama. His first residence\\nin Georgia was Augusta, where he lived from 1842 until 1848\\nwhen he moved to Atlanta, and married Miss Mary Jane Thomp-\\nson, a daughter of Dr. Joseph Thompson of hotel fame.\\nHe was very successful in his different undertakings, and\\nwas identified with nearly every enterprise which had for its\\nobject the advancement of Atlanta; and, it is doubtless due, in\\na great measure, to his practical judgment and enterprise that\\nthis city occupies such a prominent position among the cities\\nof the Southern States today. In religion he was an Episco-\\npalian, and a devout member of that church. In politics, he\\nwas conservative at all times but, having lived such a long\\nlife, was naturally a member of several of the political parties\\nfirst an Old Line Whig a Co-operationist and, after the war\\nof vSecession, a Democrat. He was opposed to secession, but\\nhaving adopted Georgia as his home, was true to the South\\nafter his State decided to secede from the Union, and responded\\nliberally to all calls that were made upon him. He was director\\nfor many years in the Georgia Railroad, and took a great inter-\\nest in all railroad work in the State and was one of the original\\nlessees of the Western Atlanta railroad. His thorough edu-\\ncation had enabled him to become a practical geologist and\\nchemist, which was a great assistance to him in his many ex-\\nperiments in agricultural affairs, which occupied much of his\\ntime and, the farmers of the present day, are indebted largely\\nto his liberality for the many improvements they now enjoy in\\nfarming and stock raising. His inclination towards agriculture\\nwas very pronounced, and he was not very long in the State\\nbefore he had secured a beautiful tract of land in Gordon County,\\nin the Oothcaloga valley. In referring to this land in 1878, Col.\\nPeters stated in a newspaper interview\\nI never saw any land I wanted until I saw the\\nOothcaloga valley. It struck me because it looked like the\\nChester County lands in Pennsylvania, where I had been at\\nwork on the Pennsylvania railroad. I bought 1500 acres in\\n1847, from a Cherokee Indian, and learned afterwards that the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "Col, Richard Peters.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories, jp\\ngeological formation is exactly that of Chester County. On\\nthis land Col. Peters established a great farm that was known\\nover a large portion of the South, and was considered the finest\\nfarm property in the State of Georgia. It Avas and is now known\\nas the ^Peters Stock Farm, and was the pride of all Georgians.\\nHe spared no expense in improvments, and had the most elab-\\norate barns for his harvest and his live stock, besides a most\\nelegant farm house. Not one acre was devoted to cotton, the en-\\ntire area of tillable land (about 500 acres) being used in growing,\\ngrasses, wheat, and grain crops for live stock. It should be\\nborne in mind that when Col. Peters established this farm, in\\n18J:7, there was no United States Experiment Station to guide\\nthe stranger in all the intricacies of farming. He had to do it\\nall alone, and was a pioneer in many things that are now known\\nto every farmer s boy in the country. To use the Colonel s\\nown language, taken from the newspaper interview above re-\\nferred to I started out on the theory that Western grasses\\nwould not thrive in Cherokee, Georgia everybody said\\nthey wouldn t, and I never thought of trying. I spent years\\nin trying to get a substitute for them. I sent to England, all\\nover Europe, and into Asia, buying grasses, and I tried them all\\non a Uberal scale at last I have reached a conclusion, that\\nwould have been worth thousands of dollars if I had known it ten\\nyears ago, and that is that the best grasses in north Georgia are\\nthe well-known grasses of the North and West, orchard grass,\\nred clover, and blue grass, for the shade. Of these, red clo-\\nver is the best, of which I have planted 250 acres, in the past\\nfew years.\\nThe same difficulty was encountered in finding cattle that\\nwere best adapted to Georgia, more particularly for milk and\\nbutter purposes. Colonel Peters expended many thousands\\nof dollars in experimenting with different breeds before he\\nfound the right kind. He paid as high as $1000 for a single\\nBrahmin bull, which had been suggested to him by the well-\\nknown naturalist. Dr. Bachman, of Charleston, S. C. and, after\\nspending considerable money in this experiment, he tried the\\nGuernseys, and finally drifted into Jerseys, which were then\\nbecoming very fashionable throughout the United States.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "6o A Nezv Industry.\\nIn hogs we had the same trouble, trying the several well-\\nknown breeds, like Chester White, Poland China, Suffolk, Neo-\\npolitans, Prince Alberts, Berkshires and Jersey Red, and finally\\nthe Essex, which he found to be the most profitable hog for his\\nState In sheep he spent much money, and also made experi-\\nments with bees and chickens. He introduced the culture of\\nsilk in the South, and was the first to plant sorghum seed, which\\nhas since grown to be a great industry. His aim seemed to be\\nto blaj:e flic tcaj on all the lines of agriculture, so that farmers\\ncould tell how to carry on their business to the best advantage,\\nand there is no estimating the amount of good that has resulted\\nfrom his generosity and intelligent work.\\nWhen he was asked the question, Does stock farming\\npay? his reply was\\nIt is hard to answer that question. You see through what\\nuntold realms of experiments it has led me. I had to demon-\\nstrate by costly trial, many things that are now axiomatic. I\\nspent nearly $50,000 for different breeds of animals, only to\\nprov2 that they were not adapted to our climate and conditions,\\nI have had to search, and explore, for everything, from crops,\\ndown to the best fertiHzer to feed them with. It has always\\nbeen my policy to get the best of everything, regardless, in a\\ncertain sense, of the cost.\\nIn the early 50 s, Col. Peters attention was attracted to\\nthe Angora goats that Dr. J. B. Davis had imported from Asia\\nMinor in 184^9, and he determined to purchase them if he could.\\nCol. J. Wash Watts, of Montville, S. C, writes me that, he\\nwas present at the time Col. Peters made the trade with Dr.\\nDavis, through which he was to get all of his pure-bred Angoras\\nat $1,000.00 each, and adds: Col. Peters was a wonderful man,\\nin his way, and deserves to be on the top of the list of Angora\\nbreeders. In referring to this piu chase, at a later time, the\\nAtlanta Constitution says\\nHis venture in the Angora goat was a characteristically\\nbold, and sagacious, movement, requiring nerve and foresight\\nand, while an apparent extravagance, and seeming folly, was\\na real stroke of srenius.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Coat Industry in the States and Territories. 6i\\nThe following is an extract from an interview that Col.\\nPeters had, in 1883, with the illustrious Henry W. Grady, of\\nthe Atlanta Constitution\\nHow did you get into the Angora goat business?\\nI bought, in 1855, some Angoras from the first importa-\\ntion made to this country from Turkey in Asia. I paid $1000-\\nLpiece in gold for Angora ewes, an unequalled price then, or since.\\nThey were known as the Cashmere goats. I was so pleased\\nwith them that I made two importations myself, buying selected.\\nanimals, from the best flocks in Asia Minor. These cost me\\n$250 apiece in gold. I then became satisfied that I could not\\nget perfect animals in Asia.\\nIt is part of rhe religion of the Turk not to interfere with\\nthe natural run of his flocks. The goats are bred carelessly,\\nsome of them becoming parti-colored with heavy manes on\\nthe neck and along the back-bone.\\nIt took me twenty years, breeding by selection, to estab-\\nlish a perfect animal, and get rid of the coarse mane. In\\nbreeding up to perfection, I found the males the only ones\\nthat had any effect selected males improved the stock, no\\nmatter what the females were. I have now scores of finer An-\\ngoras than can be found in Asia. They represent twenty years\\nof breeding by selection, and the Lacrifice of every imperfect\\nmale.\\nWhat is the advantage of Angoras over sheep?\\nThey do not have to be w^atched as sheep do. They take\\ncare of themselves, come home at night regularly with a shep-\\nherd, while sheep have to be herded and driven every night\\nto the fold. They are hardier than sheep, and live on less.\\nYou can count on a flock doubling every year, while sheep, un-\\nder the same circumstances, only average 80 per cent increase.\\nThey do not need to be put in close stables like sheep;; they\\nwant a hillside range, where they can browse instead of grazing.\\nIn Asia they live on the leaves and shoots of the scrub oak.\\nPure Angora bucks crossed on native goats, after eight to ten\\ngenerations, produce animals that you cannot distinguish from\\nthe pure-breed.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "62. A New Jniliislry.\\nWhat is the chief value of the Angora?\\nThe wool; it brings from 30c to CiOc a jjoiind, and a goat\\nwill average three ])()un(ls safely per head. lM)rnierly wc had\\nto shi]) the wool to H.ngland, but now the i ingue Manufacturing\\nCoinijany of Seymour, Conn., will i)urchasc every pound to\\nbe had, ])aying the highest market price for it. The use of\\ngoats wool is I)eing increased rapidly. I or a long time only\\nfancy articles were made from it. Now, all llic plush you see\\non the seats of the railroad cars is made from it, and it is\\nused for a great many oilier ])ur])oser. At last we have realized\\nthe significance of the old adage, going to a goat s house for\\nwool! in olden times it was S])oktn in ridicule, l)ut now we\\nacce])l it as a verity.\\nDuring the civil war. Col. I elers magnilicent fann was\\ntotally mined when Sherman invaded Georgia, and his fine\\nl)arns were burnt d to the ground, lie managed to save his\\ngoats bv driving ihem into h lorida before the army had reached\\ny\\\\tlanta. It was a serious (|neslion with him for some time\\nafter the war, wlu llu i- lie would re-establish his farm or not,\\nbut iuiallv decided lo do so, and it was managed for some\\nlinn b\\\\ his son, KichaiMl iV lers, jr., with great skill. His\\ndaughter, Mrs. N. I Illac-k, tlie widow of ex-Congressman\\niJlack, of (leorgia, has lately assumed the management, and in\\na recent comnumication she says: A love of farming seems\\nto have come to nu b\\\\ iulieritance, and, for this reason, I as-\\nsumed the charge of alTairs three vcars ago (IS!)(i). The farm\\nis in line condition, and is a worthy monument to my father s\\nname. I would slate tlnit we are no longer engaged in the\\ngoat business, having sold out our entire lot to Dr. J. R.\\nStandlcy, of Piatt Lwille, Iowa. We are now making a specialty\\nof Essex hogs and jersey cattle.\\nIn ISliI, Col. Peters, in com])auy with Col. d. W. Adair,\\njjudl the first eleven miles of street railway in /Xllanta, of which\\ncom]ian\\\\ he was president. Mis i)en was always ready when\\nhe bt liex t d he could beneiit his fellow-men in aii\\\\ of the ex-\\nperiments he had couducled, and he contributed many articles\\nto magazines and newspapers u])oii subjects relating to horti-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 5j\\nculture, agriculture and live stock raising, on scientific lines.\\nThe surviving members of his family are a wife and six chil-\\ndren three sons, Richard, Ralph and Edward and three\\ndaughters, Mrs. Black, widow of the late ex-Congressman\\nBlack, Miss Nellie Peters and Mrs. Atkinson (H. M.)\\nIn referring to Col. Peters death, the Atlanta Constitu-\\ntion remarks\\nHis children, from infancy to majority, were his constant\\ncompanions, and were influenced by him as their character\\nwas formed; and no father ever had better children. His\\nfriendship was of the purest type, and wholly unselfish, while\\nhis character was unblemished. There was nothing little, or\\nparsimonious, about him. He leaves a large estate, which has\\nlong since been disposed of by will, the bulk of it being repre-\\nsented in the Peters Land Company, of which Edward C.\\nPeters is President.\\nReferring to the success of raismg the Angora in Georgia,\\nDr. Hayes quotes the following letter from Col. Peters, dated\\n2 2d of December, 187?\\nhave had great success in Angoras, and regard them as among\\nthe most valuable acquisitions to the resources of our husbandrj They\\nhave yielded me more substantial pecuniary profit than any other\\nbranch of my extended stock investments. There can be no doubt that\\nin the range of the Blue Ridge, extending from Alabama to Virginia,\\nthey would find all the requirements cf their nature, utilize a vast country,\\nand prove a source of great benefit and profit to all interested. Hayes,\\npage 59.\\nThe constant demand for pure-bred stock, after the close\\nof the war, kept Col. Peters flock down, and he was never\\nable to accumulate any large number of goats at one time. It is\\nsurprising that the industry was not taken up by the farmers\\nin Georgia, which is doubtless explained by the fact that they\\nwere very much impoverished after the war of 1861-65; and,\\nas cotton was high, they devoted their energies- to raising this\\ncrop alone. From the best information I can obtain, there\\nare not more than three hundred Angoras in Georgia at the\\npresent time.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "64 A Nczv Industry.\\nKENTUCKY was one of the early States to take an in-\\nterest in breeding the Angora, through Col Robert W. Scott\\nof Frankfort since deceased.\\nIn referring to this gentleman, Dr. Hayes says\\nAn esteemed correspondent, Robt. W. Scott, P. O. Frankfort, Ky.,\\nbetter known as the creator of the improved Kentucky sheep, has kindly\\nsent me all his published communications on the Angora goat, of which\\nhe has been a breeder from the pure Davis, Peters and Eutichides\\nstock since \\\\%6 1. Specimens of the fleeces from his pure, and cross-\\nbred animals were examined by the distinguished expert on wool fiber,\\nMr. Henry Mitchell, since president of the Bradford Board of Trade,\\nand myself, as official judges, and were highly commended. From these\\ncommunications I select the following observations:\\nThe gay and intelligent appearance of the Angora goats, their\\ncleanly habits, active and playful disposition, make them attractive on a\\nfarm; while in their nattires they are so docile that they may be raised\\nso as to be familiar about the house and yard, as the dog or cat.\\nThough they have great curiosity and enterprise, they also have strong\\nlocal attachments, and after wandering all day, will generally seek their\\ntisual shelter at night, especially if the weather is inclement. Tht:y do\\nnot break fences, or clear them at a single bound, as most other stock-\\ndo, but will pass through a hole which is already made; will climb up a\\nrail which leans at about forty-five degrees, or will bound on top of\\nand then over a low fence. Any good farm fence, five feet high, will\\nkeep them securely, except a stone fence, which may be made easily goat-\\nproof by confining, to timbers placed across the top of the fence, a\\nstrip of plank so placed as to project about a foot from the top of the\\nf^nce on each side, so as to strike the goat in the face, and knock it back,\\nif it attempts to run over the fence. Hedge fences are not suitable to\\nkeep them, as they will browse on the osage-orange, or any other shrub.\\nto such an extent, as to destroy it as a fence, by making it too open at\\nthe bottom. Like other stock, they are more troublesome after they have\\nacquired roaming and breachy habits. They bear coupling, hobbling, and\\ntethering, better than any other stock. In their diet they are almost om-\\nnivorous, eating in winter often what they have rejected in summer. On\\nlarge farms much the greater portion of their diet will consist of weeds,\\nbushes, briers, fallen leaves, brush, etc., and they are truly valuable for\\nkeeping lands clear of these. In winter, short grass and corn-fodder\\nare all that is required, even by the breeding flock, and I never fed grain\\nof any kind to them, at any season, except some sheaf oats to old and in-\\nfirm ones.\\nA dry shelter is desirable for them, especially in the lambing season;\\nthough my flock of males and wethers, even after they have been shorn in", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 6^\\nApril, has never had any other protection than what they could obtain\\naround a hay or straw stack.\\nThe females have no perciptible and repulsive odor at any season\\nand the males onh- during the breeding season, when they urinate on\\ntheir fore-legs and beards; but their habits and odor are much less offen-\\nsive than in the native goat, and their language of love is much less de-\\nmonstrative, and noisy\\nTn breeding they are precocious, the females being capable of breed-\\nat seven months, and the males often still earlier. As the females carry\\ntheir young only five months, it is possible for them to have\\nyoung within twelve months old, but I do not think it advisable either sex\\nshould breed in less than twelve or eighteen months old. Generally the\\npure-bred animals have but one at a birth (while grade and full-blood\\nfemales will have from one to five), and with reasonable care will alwaj s\\nraise as \\\\my kids as there are mothers in the flock, and often more. If\\nthe weather is pleasant, and the kids cit their birth can once get drj^,\\nand stand up, and suck, thej require but little attention afterwards.\\nThe mothers may sometimes lose or leave them in large pastures, es-\\npecially if they have more than one, when they are ver}^ j^oung. Like deer,\\nthey incline to leave their young, and return to, and suckle them at inter-\\nvals, during the first few da3 S after birth. A protracted cold rain is of-\\nten fatal to a kid at the time of its birth; it is therefore desirable to house\\nthe females at night, during the period of parturition. The males should\\nbe bred to the females, so that the kids will come in pleasant weather,\\nand as simultaneously as possible; for which, and other reasons, it is pre-\\nferable to keep the adult males, and wethers, separate from the breeding\\nflock. The bucks are said to be valuable in protecting the flocks from the\\nattacks of dogs; and under my observation the goats are most commonly\\nthe attacking part}% having seen them frequently charge, and drive away\\na loafing dog. They do not, by flight, invite the pursuit of dogs, as\\nsheep do; and dogs do not seem to have the same disposition to worrj\\nor to eat them, which they manifest towards sheep.\\nThough goats will often bite, hook and butt each other, yet they are\\nnot cross with other stock, and the males do not fight, and injure each\\nother, as the male sheep often do.\\nAs evidence of their superior hardiness to sheep, a female, which\\nwas suckling a kid in July last, got her leg broken; it was amputated,\\nbandaged, got well and she has run with the flock and raised her kid on\\nthree legs. See Hayes, page 62-63.\\nCol. Scott was always recognized as one of the most prac-\\ntical, and conscientious, breeders of his day, and for that reason\\nI have copied his experience with che Angora Goat. It is very\\ninteresting to note some of the points that this eminent breeder", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "66 A Nczv Industry.\\nmentions with reference to the Yrt o coats of hair that these\\nanimals produced, which I intend to refer to in my chapter on\\nbreeding.\\nSince the death of Col. Scott, very little attention has beer\\ngiven to the industry in Kentucky and, although the State\\naffords very great advantages for it, the number of Angora\\ngoats owned there, at the present time, is estimated to be only\\nabout two hundred head.\\nVIRGINIA,* with her vast mountain ranges, offers pecu-\\nliar advantages for goat raising, and it is surprising that the\\nindustry has not been established upon a large scale before this.\\nThe Eutichides importation was sent to this State, in 1871;\\nbut were sold out in small lots, and were all removed in a year\\nor two. Dr. Hayes makes mention of an attempt upon the\\npart of Gen. Herman Haupt,\\nTo form a large company for the purpose of raising the Angora\\ngoat, but failed, on account of his inability to obtain the necessary num-\\nber of animals. See page 67, Hayes.\\nThere can be no doubt that iiginia can support an enor-\\nmous number of goats, upon mountain lands that are value-\\nless for other kinds of live stock, and it is not unlikely that some\\none will take up Gen. Haupt s scheme, in the near future, and\\ncarry it out. In a communication to Dr. Hayes, Mr. F. S.\\nFulmer, of Spring Mills, Appomattox County, Mrginia, who\\nwas interested in raising the Angora goat in 1875, says\\nMy goats have always been healthy. The only trouble I have is\\nthat they require a first-class fence which is exp _nsive and when their\\npasture is once fenced in, I cannot afford to shift them to other pastures\\nas often as would be desirable for they should have a free run in order to\\ndo well. I believe that the Angora goat husbandry is bound to suc-\\nceed in the newer States like Texas; but in the older States the cost of fenc-\\ning is an objection. See Hayes, page 100\\nIn a letter I have received from Dr. M. Barrett, of Maidens.\\nVa., dated 28th of August, 1899, this gentleman savs\\n*Col. B. Davenport, of Harpers Ferry, took the first Angora goats\\ninto Virginia, which he purchased from Dr. Davis in 1852.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 6/\\nI have been raising three-fourth grade Angora goats for the past\\ntwent} years. I find them very strong, hearty and healthy, have nev-\\ner lost one from disease. They are, I think, the best fresh meat we can\\nraise. They are but little trouble, and no expense, as they do not re-\\nquire feeding if let loose on the farm. They are very prolific sometimes\\nkidding twice a year. I have never made use of their hair except for pad-\\nding, as it is a little coarse. They grow large, and usually, get their growth\\nby the third year. There is no market for them in this section, once in\\na v-hile, however, I sell a few at $2.00 per head. I keep them for table\\nmeat as I think it the best fresh meat we can raise, and will soon take the\\nplace of sheep as we have no pasture lands.\\nThe goat lives on briars, brush, weeds, pine and cedar, rarely ever\\ngrazing. If once we can introduce them in market they will become very\\nprofitable as thej can be raised very profitably here at one dollar and fifty\\ncents per head.\\nMy kids at six months dress 35 to iO lbs., giving a nice lot of tallow,\\nwhich is superior to mutton tallow, as it keeps even in warmest weather.\\nThe skins are very pretty and useful, as they make lovely mats, rugs or\\nrobes. I value my goats more than sheep. I have several goats now\\nthat are seventeen years old, still fat and hearty.\\nMrginia is said to have only three hundred head of goats\\nat this time.\\nMr. Diehl makes the following quotations from some of\\nthe breeders that he had the pleasure of meeting, or correspond-\\ning with, upon the Angora goat industry, in 1862. (See Agtl.\\nDept. Rept. for 1863, p. 22i.)\\nMISSOURI. Mr. John Walker, of Fayette, a distinguishsed far-\\nmer and stock raiser, who has a very superior flock of about seventy,\\nsaj-s: We raised most of them in this State, and so far they have done\\n*From the description Dr. Barrett gives, it is quite evident that his\\ngoats have degenerated, and that very little of the Angora blood remains\\nin them. The hair of the Angora is alwaj^s soft, and silky, even on the\\nthree-quarter grades: and the kids very seldom weigh as much as Dr.\\nBarrett says his will dress. Another evidence is, the Angora will never\\nhaA-e kids more than once a year. I would infer that the Doctor has a\\nspeceies of the Maltese goat, which a great many people confound with\\nthe Angora. His experience in handling the goat, however, is an assur-\\nance that the Angora will thrive in Virginia, and it is gratifying to be\\nable to assure him that there is no longer any prejudice for goat mutton\\nin our Western markets like Chicago, Kansas City, St. Louis and\\nOmaha and it is reasonable to believe the Eastern markets will soon fall\\ninto line.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68 A Nczv Industry.\\nremarkably well. They stood the cold weather of this winter better than\\nother stock we have. They are very hardy and increase rapidly. The\\ndoes take care of their young. The cost of keeping these goats is less\\nthan any other animal. They graze upon coarse herbs that are not eaten\\nby any other stock, such as iron-weed, dock, mullen, briars, buds and\\nbroken sprouts. My buck sheared nine pounds and three quarters, and\\nmy pure-bred ewe five pounds.\\nBut, pursuing my inquiries further, I learned through Mr.\\nWni. J. Seever, Secretary of the Missouri Historical Society,\\nSt. Louis, that a very considerable interest is being manifested,\\nby c[uite a number, and that the .A.ngora is now owned, in a\\nsmall way, by upwards of twenty farmers, throughout the State,\\nand he believes the Ozark mountains, where the timber and\\nbrush abounds very abundantly, will afiford exceptionally fine\\nadvantages for the propagation of the animal.\\nIt is estimated that Missouri !i s about 1500 head of An-\\ngoras now.\\nTENNESSEE. Col. R. Williamson of Gallitin, agent of the Sum-\\nner Cashmere Company, says by letter that, so great has been, his suc-\\ncess in breeding and selling these goats, and their crosses, that during\\n1858, we disposed of twenty-seven thousand dollars worth, and with an\\nincreased success, until the war commenced.\\nBrig. Genl. E. A. Paine, commanding the U. S. forces at Gallitin,\\nTennessee, also writes: I have been stationed at this post for nea-ly\\neighteen months, and have been deeply interested in making myself per-\\nfectly acquainted with the habits, increase and value of these animals,\\nand am thoroughly satisfied that the Cashmere wool is to be one of the\\ngreatest staples of the country. It is to be to the common wool what\\nsilk is to cotton. (See Diehl. Agtl. Report 1863, p. 226.)\\n*In response to a letter addressed to the State Board of Agriculture,\\nasking about the condition of the Angora goat industry in Missouri at\\nthe presnt time, Mr. J. R. Rippey, the Secretary, says:\\nT do not know of a herd of Angora goats in Missouri. Col. John\\nWalker, of Fayette, Howard County, some fifteen or twenty years ago,\\nhad three or four hundred. At that time the wool buyers in this State\\nknew nothing whatever of the value of the fieece and offered practically\\nnothing for it. Then again the owners of the goats knew nothing of the\\nnecessary care of the fieece when it should be clipped, or as to the care\\nof the goats for producing the best fieece. If there is a herd in this State\\nI do not know it.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 6g\\nNEW YORK.* Charles S. Brown of New York, writing of his flock\\nof Angora and Cashmere goats, says: AH these goats can be propa-\\ngated with great profit. They are easily kept, requiring only the coarsest\\nfood, and will thrive better upon low bushes, than green pasture. I\\nhave found them robust and healthy and have never known any sickness\\namong them. Diehl. Agtl. Report 1863, p. 22(3.\\nMARYLAND. The Hon. Geo. A. Porter, of Baltimore, writing of\\nhis flock of Angora goats, says: I herewith send you two numbers of\\nthe American Farmer April, 1860, and July, 1861, which will give you\\nsome interesting particulars respecting these goats, also some idea oftheir\\nvalue. I think you will be convinced that the half-breeds, will prove\\nquite valuable. I have lived many years at Constantinople, occupying the\\npost of United States Consul, and procured and shipped for Dr. Davis\\nthe first goats that were ever brought to this country. You will see that\\nDr. Davis and Mr. Peters, have made a profitable business crossing back\\nto the full Angora. See Diehl. Agt. Report 1863, p. 226.\\nOHIO, f S. S. Williams, Granville, Ohio, writes: T have about\\none hundred head of goats. In regard to the breed of my goats, whether\\nAngora or Cashmere, mine belong to that breed first introduced by Dr.\\nJ. B. Davis as Cashmeres and which have generally gone by that name\\nto this day. But, if the Cashmere goat is the animal bearing a coat of\\ncoarse hair, with an undergrowth of only a few ounces of fine fleece,\\nthen mine are not Cashmeres though known as Cashmere in this coun-\\ntry, and from the description of Rees, and others, mine are the Angora\\nfor they describe my goats as correctly as I can myself. I rest satisfied\\nthat our goat, whatever it should be called is valuable, and I care little\\nfor the name. I send you a sample of the wool of my buck Sampson\\nwhich clips over six pounds. Of course I think he is more valuable than\\nan animal yielding only three ounces of but little finer quality. See Diehl\\nin Agt. Report 1863, p. 228\\nPENNSYLVANIA.^ Genl. J. S. Goe, Brownsville, has a fine\\nflock of twenty in a good condition, beautiful and thriving. He says\\nthey have stood the severe winter well, and are promising; and I am en-\\ncouraged with the experiment and prospect. Also Dr. F. F. Robinson\\nof Freedom, Pa., says: I have been quite successful in breeding from\\nthe -common goat to my Cashmere buck; find them to be hardy and pro-\\nlific. (See Diehl Agt. Report 1863, p. 226.)\\n*The Angora was introduced into New York in 1852 by Dr. D. C.\\nAmbler, of Waterville, Oneida County, who purchased a pair of young\\npure-breeds from Dr. Davis, of South Carolina, for $2,000.00.\\nj- As near as I can learn, there are but a very few goats in Ohio now.\\nMiller Sibley, Franklin, Pa., were more recent breeders in Penn-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "/O A Nczv Industry.\\nMASSACHUSETTS.* Winthrop W. Chenery, ^Highland Farm,\\nBelmont, Massachusetts, one of the most enterprising importers, and stock\\nraisers of the country has made several successful importations, and has a\\nvery choice flock of some twenty pure imported Angoras upon his cele-\\nbrated stock farm, near Boston, in a good and prosperous condition,\\nwhere they wintered admirably, standing the rigors of the past severe win-\\nter and are doing well. Mr. Chenery feels much encouraged with his\\nsuccess in importing, and is quite confident of ultimate profit and value.\\nHe writes as follows:\\nThe goats will prove profitable in this country and I would say that,\\nwith proper attention they may be bred, and raised as safely, and surely, as\\nordinary sheep. One gentleman in Western Pennsylvania, to whom I sold\\na small flock writes me that his goats are about a third heavier than they\\nwere and that he has no more fear of raising them ihan pigs. (See\\nDiehl in Agtl. Report 1863, p. 227\\nIt is estimated that Massachusetts has about 1000 head of\\ngoats at he present time.\\nThe foregoing quotations and references, from the paper\\nof the Hon. Israel H. Diehl, who himself, afterwards, in con-\\nnection with Mr. Charles S. Brown, of New York, made quite\\nsylvania, and sold quite a number of goats to breeders in the West.\\nIn a letter to me, of recent date, they say they have disposed of all of\\ntheir goats, and do not know how many are in the State. I presume\\nthere are very few.\\nWithin the past year, more for the purpose of clearing brushy land\\nthan for laising mohair, there have been about five hundred head of goats\\nshipped into Massachusetts, and a very considerable interest is being\\nmanifested by the owners of lands in this class of stock. The following\\nnewspaper extract bearing on this question will be of some interest:\\nIt looks as if the Angora goat might be the means of the reclamation\\nof a lot of the abandoned farms of New England, said a woolen man from\\nthat section yesterday. Two carloads of these animals have arrived at one\\nof these farms in the interior of Massachusetts within the week, coming\\nfrom Texas, I believe. The animals thrive on the rough pastures of hilly\\nlands and if the climate proves suitable, there is a fortune in the wool\\nand skins compared with the returns from other animals and products\\nof even the better grades of New England farms. At all events, some\\nfriends of mine have bought a couple of these farms and are going to\\nstock them with the goats and see if the scheme is not a practicable one.\\nYou know We will have to do something to counterbalance the stealing of\\nour cotton industry from us by the people of the South.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories, /i\\na large importation of goats from Turkey, is quite sufficient to\\nprove that the Angora goat will thrive well in any portion of\\nthe United States, and yet it is a remarkable fact that, in each\\nand every one of the States referred to by him, there are at\\nthe present time very few goats. There is, perhaps, but very\\nlittle doubt that most of the so-called breeders he speaks of\\nwere gentlemen amateurs, who had been attracted to the an-\\nimal more by its novelty, and beauty, than by any profit they\\nexpected to realize from handling it.\\nOr it may be as Mr. Fulmer, of Virginia, expressed it\\nI believe that the Angora goat husbandry is bound to succeed in\\nthe newer States, like Texas; but, in the old States, the cost of fencing is\\nan objection.\\nAt all events, there was no very decided interest taken\\nin the animal by stock raisers until after the close of the war\\nin 1865-66, when the Western States, and Territories, seeing the\\nopportunity for the establishment of a very profitable industry,,\\nbegan to purchase some Angoras, and it is not unlikely that\\nmany of the goats that were formerly held in the old States\\nwere transferred to the new, as has been the case largely with\\nsheep.\\nTEXAS is entitled to the credit of leading in the move-\\nment of starting this new industry, through her very worthy\\ncitizen, Col. W. W.. Haupt, of Hayes County, a kinsman of\\nGen. Herman Haupt, of Virginia, referred to by Dr. J. L. Hayes.\\nCol. W. W. Haupt was born in Green County, Alabama,\\nin the forks of the Bigbee and Warrior rivers, on the 10th of\\nFebruary, 1828, of German-EngHsh extraction. His father was\\na native of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and migrated to Ala-\\nbama when he was quite a young man. In 1833 he bought\\nlargely of lands on the Bigbee river from the Choctaw Indians,\\nupon which he settled, and died very soon after. His mother\\nwas a woman of remarkable energy, and practical sense, as\\nhas been clearly demonstrated by the manner in which she\\nreared her -son, who was only five years of age at the time of\\nhis father s death.- He received his scholastic education at", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "/2 A Nczv Industry.\\nDtMiiopolis, Alaljama, and was two years at the Centenary col-\\nlege in Mississip])i, and two years at the Washington college;\\nin Virginia, during which he drilled the Cincinnati company\\nof College Cadets, on the Virginia Military Institute grounds.\\nIn 1848 he returned home, married, and moved to Texas, where\\nhe settled on a farm in the bend of the Colorado river, just\\nbelow Bastrop. His wife was a Miss Colguin, who soon died.\\nHe then married her cousin, a daughter of Capt. John Rugely,\\nof Matagorda County, Texas, and in December, 1857, he pur-\\nchased the farm upon which he is now living, near Kyle, in\\nHayes County, where he ran the first steam cotton gin that\\nwas used in Western Texas, constructed with a steam whistle\\nand a pipe from the boiler to the pick-room, to extinguish fire,\\nand discharged the exhaust pipe into the chimney as a spark-\\narrester all of which was his own construction. His father\\nwas of an inventive turn of mind, and had the honor of digging\\nthe first artesian well ever sunk in the United States.\\nGen. Herman Haupt, the noted civil engineer, who still\\nlives, at the age of eighty years, was a cousin, and it would\\nseem that a very decided inventive strain courses through the\\nHaui)t family.\\nCol. Haupt was never fond of a city life, and boasts of the\\nfact that he never lived a day in town in his life. His prefer-\\nence was for a farm life, where he could surround himself with\\nall the comforts of a home, and indulge his fancy for various\\nkinds of live stock, of which he was especially fond. He in-\\ntroduced the first Essex hogs, and tirahma cattle, into Western\\nTexas, and has invented many appliances for economy in farm\\nwork. He has always been a regular subscriber to agricultural\\npapers, and has contributed many valuable articles upon various\\nsubjects relating to live stock and farming.\\nIn 1858, he thought he would like to try goats, and com-\\nmerxed raising some of the conmion stock l)ut, concluded it\\nwas economy to raise the best, so ne made arrangements with\\nCol. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, to let him have a small\\nlot of eight head, for which he paid him $100 each. This wa:\\nthe conmicncement of the flock of Haupt goats which, in", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "73\\nCol, W. W, Haupt.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goaf Industry in the States and Territories. 75\\n]ater years, became so popular with other breeders. He was\\nalways exceedingly careful in b, eecUng and kept a close record\\nof the grade of every gor on his farm and, it can be said of\\nhim, that he never deceived a purchaser in the character of the\\ngoat he sold. Knowing his own marks of breeding, he could\\neasily distinguish one from another, and it was his invariable\\ncustom to price his animals at $30, if he selected them, or $25\\nif the purchaser made the selection.\\nIn 1895 he concluded to turn his attention to horticultural\\nfarming, and was forced to dispense with his goats, for which\\nhe had formed a very strong attachment. He, at first, thought\\nof retaining an interest in them, but finally decided to sell them\\nout and out, and Mr. W. G. Hughes, of Hastings, Kendall\\nCounty, became the fortunate owner, and is still continuing to\\nbreed them.\\nTrue to his nature. Col. Haupt established his garden upon\\nthe most approved plan, and now has under the most skillful\\ncultivation thirty acres, which is said to be the most magnificent\\nsight, in the shape of a garden, that has ever been seen in the\\nStat 2 of Texas. He has several thousand fruit trees, consisting\\nmostly of plums, which have prove! to be most profitable, and\\na large amount in grapes, which are likewise very productive.\\nBut the main product is the dewberry and blackberry, of which\\nhe has fifteen acres, which supports a small army of women\\nand children during the berry time.\\nDepending upon the elements for water, in West Texas,\\nhas always resulted in failure, and Col. Haupt has provided\\nagainst all contingencies in this respect, by the means of a pow-\\nerful windmill, and a tank, covering one acre of ground, in the\\ncenter of his garden, from which he can irrigate his land at\\nwill. He is now contemplating the purchase of a gasoline en-\\ngine, to be used in the event of necessity, which, however,\\noccurs only for a short time, in the hot months of July an(\\nAugust.\\nHis magnificent estate consists of 3000 acres of beautiful\\nland, 2500 of which is a pasture, on which three hundred\\nimproved cattle are run, and the remainder, between 400 and\\n500 acres, in farm and garden.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "j6 A Nnv Industry.\\nCol. Hanpt has a peculiarity of always imagining he is\\nhard up, and, with a man of his activity, it is not likely he\\nwould keep much loose cash around his house, yet he is recog\\nnized by all who know him as being as nicely situated in the\\ncomforts that this world can supply as any one could wish to\\nbe. and his ranch is the envy of all who have had the pleasure\\nof visiting it. He enjoys the good will of his neighbors, and\\nis alwa} s glad to entertain his friends. He visits town about\\nonce a month, but rarely takes a seat, and is back at his ranch\\nin a very few hours.\\nAt the advanced age of seventy-two, he is as active in mind\\nand body, as a man of forty, and bids fair to live a considerable\\ntime, which is, doubtless, explained by the even tenor of his\\nhfe.\\nIn a recent letter, with reference to others who took an\\nearly interest in the Angora goat, Col. Haupt writes\\nIn regard to the Angora industry in Texas from its inception, I\\nwas at one time perfectly familiar with the names of all of the early breed-\\ners, but my memory is treacherous and I find difficulty in recalling names\\nof most familiar faces. If Col. Parish is rilive l.e can supply you with this\\ninformation, and a nicer gentleman never lived. The Arnold Bros, in\\nthe Frio Canon, were among the beginners, as was also Judge J. P. De-\\nvine of San Antonio. Mr. J. V. Abranis was another breeder in the Frio\\nCanon, but he sold out and moved back to the north. His\\nbrother, A l. C. Abrams, now lives in Manor, Travis Coun-\\nty. Mr. R. R. Claridge, formerly of the Stockman Farmer did much\\nwith his pen, and paper, to encourage the industry and I regret very much\\nI cannot give you the names of many more who should be referred to in\\nthis connection.\\nThe Rev. D. S. Babb was one of the early breeders, having\\nstarted his flock in the seventies from Col. Peters stock of\\ngoats. Mr. Babb is still engaged in the business, and has a\\nfine flock near Sonora, Sutton County.\\nMr. R. H. Lowry, of Camp San Saba, was another of the\\nearly breeders, who started with some of the Haupt stock,\\nand later some from Messrs. Peters and Landrum.\\nThe success which attended the introduction of the Angora\\ngoat into Texas was qtute remarkable in the increased weight\\nof fleece over the s.-oats that had been raised in Georgia.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories, jy\\nReferring to this subject. Judge J. P. Devine, of San\\nAntonio, in a letter to Dr. J. L. Hayes, says:\\nCol. Peters expressed much surprise when I told him of the heavy\\nclips sheared from the same class of goats that in Georgia sheared much\\nless. As the goats have an inexhaustible quantity of rich evergreen food,\\nall during the winter, they are. in better condition than at same season\\nelsewhere, and consequently the clip is heavier; and the dry atmosphere\\ngives the same gloss, or lustre to the hair that it has in Asia; and some\\nthink, our production is the glossiest. The heaviest fleece I have ever\\ntaken from a pure nanny, was three and one-half pounds, also from Col.\\nPeters stock, whose pure-bloods, I think, cannot be rivalled for gloss,\\na id length of staple, by any pure bloods I have ever seen, and they com-\\npare very favorably with other pure-bloods in the weight of their clips.\\nThe heaviest fleece I have ever seen clipped from a grade goat was\\nfrom one of my original breeding billies, which sheared six and a half or\\nseven and a half pounds, I forget which, at three years of age in 1877; and I\\nhave sheared four and five pounds from several other grades.* So\\nyou will see that a high grade will shear fully as much, and even more,\\nhair than the best specimens of pure blood, and have all the dis-\\ntinguishing marks of a pure blood; and without you take a\\nstrong glass, you cannot distinguish any difference in the fibre; and. con-\\nsequently the great difficulty of discovering a fraudulent pure-blood\\nexcept you put him to nannies, and then hlood zvill tell. See Playes, page\\n112.\\nJudge Devine took a great deal of pride in his goats up\\nto the day of his death, which occurred shortly after that of\\nCol. Richard Peters, between whom there seems to have grown\\nup quite an attachment. I have been informed that it was\\nalways the wish of Col. Peters thai Judge Devine should con-\\ntrol his flock of goats after his death but, it was ordered other-\\nwise, and these two leading lights in the Angora goat industry\\nof this country passed away very close together, and their re-\\n*It should be borne in mind that this letter was written about twenty\\nyears ago and it is proper to state that the shearing capacity of Angoras\\nhas increased considerably over what Judge Devine then referred to.\\nAttention is called to the Notes of Practical Breeding upon this sub-\\nject.\\nPlate XVII represents two full-blood does, raised by Judge Devine,\\nwhich sheared four and a half pounds in 1896.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "7^ A Nnv Industry.\\nspective flocks have gone into other hands, to be improved on\\nit is hoped.*\\nGreat credit is due to Col W. D. Parish, of Seguin, Texas,\\nwho is mentioned by CoL Haupt as being one of the early\\nbreeders. This gentleman secured two very fine goats from a\\nsea captain, who had brought them direct from Constantinople\\nto Galveston in 1875, but he had been interested in the industry\\nseveral years before this. The impression prevails in the minds\\npi many breeders that Mr. Parish made a direct importatioi\\nhimself but this appears to be a mistake.\\nMr. Jno. S. Harris writes me that when he was in Con-\\nstantinople, in 1876, he investigated all the shipments of goats\\nthat had been made to this country up to that time and there\\nwere none mentioned as having been exported to Mr. Parish\\nin person.\\nMr. Jno. S. Brown, of Sonora, Sutton County, Texas, a\\npersonal friend of Mr. Parish, says he remembers distinctly\\nthat in 1867 or 1868 he (Mr. Parish) stopped with him after\\nhaving gone somewhere for the goats that he first started his\\nflock with. There were two or three wagon loads of them,\\nand they were at his ranch two or three days resting. Mr.\\nParish was then going to his ranch in Kendall County.\\nMr. Geo. W. Baylor, of Montell, Uvalde County, writes\\nme that\\nIn his opinion Mr. Parish did as much towards starting the Angora\\ngoat industry in Texas as any one. After he sold his ranch in Kendall\\nCounty, he moved to Old Mexico and engaged in mining.\\nThere is very little doubt but the goats that Mr. Parish\\nbrought into Texas in 1867-68, referred to by Mr. Brown, had\\nbeen purchased by him from one of the importations that\\nhad been made about that time by Mr. W. W. Chenery, of\\nBoston. It matters very little, however, where they came from\\nThey were exceptionally fine goats, and the Parish stock\\nof Angoras figures extensively as a pure-blooded strain in many\\nof our flocks today, the owners of which are very proud of.\\n*The flock of Col. Richard Peters was sold to Dr. J. R. Standley\\nof Platteville, Iowa, and the Devine goats were parcelled out to several\\nbreeders, Mr. Gunzer buying quite a number, and Mr. J. W. Garrett of\\nMountain Home. I understand, purchased some also.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 79\\nThe industry in Texas made but very little progress vuitil\\nwithin the past tew years, when the demand for Angoras to\\nbe shipped into the Northern States, more especially Iowa\\nand Kansas, commenced and it is safe to say it is now upon\\na very firm foundation, and will continue to grow rapidly from\\nthis time forward.\\nThere is a vast stretch of territory in the western border\\nof the State that is unfitted for any other class of stock, which\\nAvill sooner or later be occupied by gcat breeders.\\nIt is estimated there are at least 100,000 head of Angoras\\nnow m Texas, ranging from one-half bloods up to full-bloods,\\nbesides a number of pure flocks started from the Peters,\\nHaupt, Parish, Devine, and Plarris Baylor) goats.\\nCALIFORNIA was second to begin raising mohair, and\\ntoo much credit cannot be paid to Mr. Wm. M. Landrum for\\nthe enterprise, and perseverance, that he displayed in carrying\\nthe first Angora goats into that State. He had thought of the\\nmatter some time, and, in 1860, decided to make the experi-\\nment, and arranged with Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta,\\nGeorgia, to let him have a couple of young bucks from his\\nbreeding of the Davis goats. He had expected to\\nreturn to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama,\\nbut the rate of passage having been advanced enormously ($600\\nfor himself and the same for live stock, which embraced his\\nlittle goats), he was forced to abandon the ocean route and go\\noverland, a distance of over 3000 miles that he had to travel\\nby wagon, at the slow average of 21 miles per day. He\\nreached California in the year 1861, with his two goats, and\\nbegati improving some common short-haired goats at once.\\nThe climate proved to be admirably adapted to them, and from.\\nthat day to the present he has been closely identified with the\\nindustry, His name has been so long associated with that of\\nthe Angora goat they have almost become synonymous.\\nMr. Landrum is a native of Georgia, and was born near the\\nline of the Cherokee Nation, on the 10th of April, 1829. His\\nfather, lames H. Landrum, was born, and raised, in Rutherford", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "8o A Nezv Industry.\\nCounty, Tennessee, and moved back to his native State when\\nW. ]\\\\I. was (|uite a small boy, and he was sent to school at\\nA ersailles. In 1845 the family returned to Forsyth County,\\nGeorgia, and in 1847, at the age of- eighteen, he engaged in\\nthe agricultural implement business, making everything used\\nby a farmer in those days, from his gun to a crowbar plows\\nfor cotton cultivation being a specialty. In May, 1850, he and\\nhis father went to California where the father remained until 1853\\nand then returned to Georgia. W. M. stayed there, and engaged\\nin farming and hog raising. He was one of the first men to\\nsow grain in the great San Joaqui i valley, in the fall of 1852.\\nDr. Ash, Dr. Chambers, Judge Emory, George Islip and him-\\nself sowed the first grain in that noted valley, and had to pay\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a035c per pound for seed, and $5.00 per day for labor. He made\\na number of improvements in machmery for plowing, and har-\\nvesting, and was successful generally.\\nIn 1860 he returned to Georgia for the purpose of getting\\nsome of the Angora Goats from Col. Peters, which he carried\\nall the way to California by the overland route, as above stated.\\nIn J 863 he went into Mexico under contract to build some\\nmining machinery and a grist mill. He returned to Califcnia\\nin 1866, and took charge of his goats, which he had placed in\\nhis father s care during his stay in Mexico, and determined upon\\nmaking a second importation, which he did in 1867, bringing\\neight selected goats from the W. W. Chenery importation to\\nBoston, Mass.\\nThe following year Mr. Landrum sold a one-half interest\\nin his goats to Butterfield Son, and the business was then\\nconducted under the firm name of Landrum, Butterfield\\nSon. The new firm added two choice bucks to their flock from\\nthe Diehl Brown importation, one of which was the celebrated\\nhornless Costamboul. The same year Col. Peters shipped\\ntwenty-five head of choice pure-breeds to the Pacific coast in\\ncharge of Mr. E. Holland, seventeen of which were purchased\\nby Landrum, Butterfield Son. In 1870 Diehl Browr\\nshipped out the most of their flock, of which about sixty head\\nsurvived and were placed in the hands of Butterfield Son\\nto be kept on shares, and sold on commission.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Wm M. L\\\\ndrum.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "Sf^rcad of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. H^\\nThe firm was soon after this dissolved, and Mr. Landrum\\nsecured, by purchase, the largest number of the firm s goats,\\namong which was the hornless Costamboul buck above men-\\ntioned.\\nIn 1870 Mr. Landrum formed a partnership with Jamef:\\nM. Rodgers, selling him one-half interest in his goats and\\nsheep, and the business was afterwards carried on under the\\nname of Landrum Rodgers.\\nIn 1872 the new firm made a large purchase from the\\nPeters flock, which gave them the prominence of being the\\nlargest holders of pure-bred Angora goats in the United\\nStates at that time.\\nMr. Landrum was instrumental in starting the industry in\\nCJregon, Xew Mexico and Utah.\\nJn )rtgon he had great success, and decided to move\\nhis entire flock to the State. In 1883 he shipped his pure\\nbloods to Texas and established a ranch in Uvalde County,\\nwhere he now resides, enjoying excellent health at the ad-\\nvanced age of seventy-one years, in full possession of his great\\nenergy, which has been one of his chief characteri,stics through\\nlife. He is a strong believer in the industry, and is actively\\nengaged in breeding and distributing his goats, in which his\\nsons, W. E. and F. O. Landrum, are of great assistance.\\nJn addition to the goats taken into California by Mr.\\nLandrum and his business associates, Mr, Brock imported a\\nfew from a flock owned by Mr. Ogden in Ohio, in the year of\\nJSr;4.\\nIn 1867, Gray Gilmore imported nine head from the\\n\\\\V. W. Chenery flock, in Boston, and the following year they\\nbrought in seven more and Flint and Sargent three all of\\nwhich were out of the Chenery flock.\\nIn 1871, Shirland Thomas imported eight head from the\\nEutichides flock, and in 1872 they made a second importa-\\ntion.\\nin 1870, Mr. Jno. S. Harris, in connection with Mr. Wm.\\nHall, imported twelve head from Asia Minor, consisting of\\ntwo bucks and ten does, which, with the increase of three kuU", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "84 A Nczv Industry.\\non the way to this country, made fifteen head. These goats\\nwere selected by Mr. Harris in person, and were considered\\nto be very superior animals.\\nIn 1893, Mr. C. P. Bailey imported from South Africa\\ntwo bucks, one of which was considered very fine, and in 1899\\nthis same gentleman made a second importation of several\\nnure.\\nAt the present time it is estimated there are fully 40,000\\nhead of well-improved goats in California, which, as a rule, are\\nheld in large flocks.\\nOREGON began raising the Angora in 18()9 or 1870, and\\nthe credit is due to Mr. Ari Cantrell for having started the in-\\ndustry, which has proven to be very profitable to all who have\\nengaged in it. Mr. Geo. A. Houck, of Eugene, Oregon,\\nwrites under recent date that,\\nMr. Ari Cantrell brought the first goats to the Willamette Valley\\nsometime in the latter part of 69 or 70 s. He bought 150 head of three-\\nfourths and seven-eighths nannies from Mr. Butterfield of California at\\n$12.60 per head. He also bought a pure-bred billy, Old Boxer and a\\none-year-old nanny, giving for the two the price of $1600.00 or $1000 for\\nOld Boxer and $500.00 for the nanny. Mr. Cantrell brought the common\\ngoats overland, and had the fine ones shipped, and stopped with the whole\\nband near Corralles in Burton County. He afterwards bought pure-\\nbloods from Landrum and Rodgers, and from other parties but I have\\nheard him say that none were as good as Boxer.\\nThe cHmate of Oregon has proven to be admirably adapted\\nto the production of the Angora, end it is believed by many\\nthat the character of mohair from that State is superior to any\\nin America.\\nThe industry has grown very .steadily. The flocks are not\\nlarge, as a general thing, ranging from fifty to 350 head (with a\\nfew large ones), which are used chiefly for cleaning up brushy\\nlands for farming and grazing purposes.\\nIt is estimated there are at leact 80,000 head of highly im-\\nproved goats in the State at the present time.\\nThe industry was organized at Independence in 1896 under\\nthe name of The Oregon Angora Goat Breeding Association,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 8j\\nof which Mr. J. H. Hawley, of Monmouth, is president Hon.\\nJno. B. Stump, of Monmouth, vice-president, and L. G. Garnett,\\nof Portland, is secretary.\\nNEV ADx^ has in the vicinity of five thousand head of An-\\ngoras, many of the owners residing in Cahfornia.\\nNEW MEXICO offers very fine inducement for the\\nbreeding of goats in many parts of the Territory.\\nMr. Maxwell, of the Maxwell Land Grant Farm, took\\nseventy head into the Territory in 1872, and Mr. Frank Garst\\ntook live hundred fine goats from California in 1882, but has\\nsince that time moved his entire holdings into Texas.\\nIt is estimated there are 30,000 head at this time in the\\nTerritory, among which are several very superior flocks.\\nThe Onderdonk Live Stock Company, of Lair.y, z:2\\nholders of about eight thousand head of the common short-\\nhaired Mexican goat, and it has been reported that they have\\njust made a beginning, and intend to increase the numl^er to\\nfifty thousand, which they expect to breed for the hide, prin-\\ncipally.\\nThis report, however, is groundless, as may be learned from\\nthe following cjuotation from a letter addressed to me by Mr.\\nClias. S. Onderdonk, the general manager of the company.\\nIt has been the general impression in the West that we are raising\\ncommon goats for their skins alone. This impression gained ground from\\nthe fact that the President of our Company is the largest tanner of goat\\nskins in the world; is very prominent in the East; and the newspapers,\\nknowing that he is connected with us naturally supposed that we were\\nraising goats for the purpose of supplying him with skins. You can\\nappreciate the absurdity of this when I tell you that he has a capacity for\\ntanning fafty thousand goat skins every ten hours. From this you can se^\\nthat the whole territory of New Mexico could not supply him, if it was\\nall devoted to goat raising. We started in to raise the common goat,\\nboth for the skin and for the meat; but, we are now also turning our\\nattention to the raising of the Angora, the skin of which you know, is\\nof very little value for leather purposes.\\nMr. D. C. Taylor, of Lake Valley, is a breeder of the An-\\ngora, and speaks in the highest terms of the Territory as\\nadapted to the raising of them, and there is very httle doubt\\nbut the industry will extend very rapidly.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "86 A Nczv Industry.\\nMr. J. C. Hig htower, of Ruidoso, is another very success-\\nful breeder.\\nIt is estimated that New Mexico has upwards of sixty\\nthousand goats of all kinds, of which, perhaps, one-half, or\\nthirty thousand, are graded Angoras.\\nIDAHO has but few breeders of Angora goats, but is\\nquite prominent in the industry, from the fact that Mr. Jno. S.\\nHarris, who formerly ranched in California, and who visited\\nCashmere and Asia Minor, in 1876, and brought back twelve\\nhead of very fine Angoras from the latter country, selected this\\nterritory as combining more of the characteristics of Asia\\nMinor than any portion of the Northwest, where he moved\\nin 1884.\\nMr. Harris was born in Scotland, in 1836, went to\\nCalifornia in 1868, and married Miss Josephine Whittin,\\nof that State, engaging in cattle raising in San Benito County.\\nIn the early seventies, his attention was first attracted to the\\nAngora goat. Referring to the subject, in a recent letter, he\\nsays\\nIt was in the early 70 s that I first got interested in the Cashmere\\ngoat, as it was called in those days, and the newspapers, and those who\\nwere engaged in raising them at that lime, represented that the fieece\\nwas manufactured into fine Cashmere shawls. Butterfield and Land-\\ndrum had some of them which the} kept on the mountains at Mr. But-\\nterfield s place on the San Benito river, some fifteen miles from where I\\nwas living. Landrum lived in Watsonville, in the same county, Monte-\\nrey. I lived on the edge of a farming district and kept a small bunch of\\ncattle. In the fall, after the grain was cut, Mr. Butterfield used to bring\\nhis goats and sheep down to be pastured on the wheat-stubble, and I be-\\ncame greatly interested in the goats, and traded cattle with him for about\\nseventy-five head of his grades, which was my first introduction to the\\nAngora. I estimate the cost of the goats I received from Butterfield\\nsixteen dollars each and am well satisfied now that they were not more than\\nhalf-breeds. Mr. Butterfield afterwards asked me to take care of his en-\\ntire lot of goats consisting of some thoroughbreds which had been ship-\\nped to him by Diehl Brown to be kept on shares. There were about\\nsixty head of the Diehl Brown goats, being the last of the importation\\nmade by Hon. Israel H. Diehl in 1870. I had them in my care for some\\ntime and tried to learn all I could about them. Mr. Butterfield would\\nsometimes come to see them and would always pick out individual ani-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "John S. Harris.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 80\\nmals and say that is a Thibet, and this is a Cashmere, and those you\\nsee there are Angoras, Bei-Bazar, and Kastamboul. I am well satisfied\\nnow that Butterfield did not know anything at all about them. Upon\\none of his visits, he brought with him a Mr. Wm. Hall of San Jose, Cal.,\\nwho purchased all of the goats (140) and ?.bout one hundred and fifty head\\nof Buck sheep for $19,000.00, which he asked me to continue to care for\\nuntil I heard from him again.\\nI had made up my mind to try and learn something about these goats\\nfrom headquarters, and as I had an old schoolmate living in India I\\nwrote to ask him what he knew about the Cashmere goat. He wrote\\nme that it was a long way from where he was (Madras) to Cashmere, but\\nhe sent me a sample of their wool which was so beautiful, and fine, that\\nI at once determined to have some of the animals direct from their na-\\ntive home.\\nIn the meantime I had sent a sample of the hair from a buck which\\nButterfield had valued in the sale at $500.00 to Paisley, Scotland, which\\nthey reported to me was too coarse for them to use but it was estimated\\nto be worth twenty cents per pound in Bradford, England.\\nThis convinced me that the goats that I had in charge for Mr. Hall\\nwere not the real stuff, and I set my house in order to visit Cashmere\\nwhere I intended to make a purchase of some, for my own use.\\nI notified Mr. Hall that I wanted 10 see him and he wired me that\\nhe would be at San Jose on a certain day. In my letter to him I had en-\\nclosed the reply I had received about the goat hair I had sent to Paisely,\\nScotland, and stated to him I was preparing to go to Cashmere.\\nWhen we met, he remarked that, he had no acquaintance with the An-\\ngora goat, and had bought them from Butterfield upon speculation, with\\nthe expectation of establishing a large goat ranch in old Mexico upon a\\ngrant of one million acres of land which he was then arranging to have\\nlegally fixed in the State of Chihuahua. He stated that, if I would go\\nto Cashmere he would be glad to join me in the undertaking, which was\\nthen and there agreed upon, and I was to be the general manager of\\nthe ranch upon my return. But man proposes and God disposes, for,\\nwhen I was in the City of Angora a telegram was flashed across the ocean\\nthat the Bank of California had failed, and the few commercial men in\\nthat city seemed to think that the whole of America had gone under.\\nMr. Hall was largely interested in the bank, and was also a large owner\\nin Virginia City both in property and mining stock; the bottom went out\\nof Comstock which caused Ralston, the president of the Bank of Cali-\\nfornia to commit suicide; a revolution in Mexico occurred about the\\nsame time, which upset our Mexican grant of land, to say nothing of\\nthe loss of money spent in getting the bill passed; and to make a long\\nstory short the great castle we had built in the air had tumbled all into\\nlittle pieces, and when I returned to the United States with twelve head\\nof as fine goats as ever came across the water, into any country, I was", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "po A Nciv IndnsiVj,.\\nvery glad to settle down on my old ranch in California. The twelve head\\nof goats had cost us $6500.00 and Mr. Hall was partner with me in the\\nbusiness until 1880 when I bought his interest and have gone it alone ever\\nsince that time.\\nReferring to his trip to India, and into the Hymalaya\\nmotnitains to reach Cashmere, Mr. Harris mentions it with\\nas much unconcern as one would a journey OA^er our own\\nRocky mountains into CaHfornia, Httle dreaming that his Hfe\\nwas in danger every moment of the time he was there. The\\nfoHowing letter from the governor s secretary of Punjab, an\\nEnglish official at Lahore, India, which was very kindly given to\\nhim by that gentleman, by way of assisting him in his travels,\\nwill be interesting\\nGovernment of India,\\nLahore, 9th Sept., 1875.\\nMy Dear Jenkins:\\nI give this to a very intelligent man named John S. Harris who came\\nall the way from California to get a dozen Cashmere buck goats to im-\\nprove his stock in the former country. Considering the man knows noth-\\ning of the language I think it shows he is a very sporting character to\\ncome so far on such a speculation, and deserves every assistance. The\\nman is game to go into Cashmere to buy the goats himself, but he has\\nonly a month left before he must leave the Valley again. I have advis-\\ned him to go and see you as I have no doubt you will admire the fellow s\\npluck, and do all you can to help him, or if you send a man up to\\nJehlum either with him, or alone, you could get from the Maharaja s peo-\\nple, the goats. He has money to pay. It is really a very enterprising thing\\nand you are just the man to appreciate arid encourage it so I do not hes-\\nitate to ask you to help him. Best regards.\\nYours sincerely,\\nM. MAUGHER.\\nMr. Harris, very fortunately, made the journey without\\ntrouble, and then decided to go into Asia Minor and look at\\nthe goats in that country before purchasing any. Passing\\nthrough the Sviez canal, at Port Said, he took passage on a\\nvessel that was manned entirely by Russians, and there was\\nonly one passenger, besides himself, who seemed to be an\\neducated person. No one on board was able to speak English\\nuntil they reached Tripoli, when a young lad of fifteen got on,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. Qi\\nwho proved to be a Greek, and had attended an American mis-\\nsion school at Smyrna and had been on a visit to his parents,\\nand was on his return to schooL\\nThis boy. Mr. Harris writes, was kind enough to act as my inter-\\npreter, and I was pleased to learn that my fellow-passenger was a scholar\\nof great learning, and was a native of the interior of Asia Minor. The\\nboy told me he was a professor of a language that was now nearly dead,\\nbelonging to tribes that formerly inhabited the interior of Asia Minor,\\nand he had been for the past year at Cyprus studying ancient Greek. The\\npeople of the Isle of Cyprus had originally been driven from Asia Minor\\nby the Mohammedans. He said he was well posted on the Angora goat\\nand if the weather was good the next day, he would get out a book on the\\nancient history of Asia Minor and it had in it some beautiful steel en-\\ngravings of the original Angora goat. The young lad read the book and\\ninterpreted to me, the Turkish gentleman sitting beside us and explaining:\\nThe book stated that about Alexander the Great s time, before Mo-\\nhammed, and his Arab followers conquered Asia Minor, there lived a\\ntribe of people in those mountains that kept beautiful mohair goats, and\\nmade from their fleeces fine fabrics and disposed of them to the nobility\\nof the neighboring countries. The engravings showed the family in\\ntheir rude dwelling fondling and playing with their goats, and the book\\nstated that it was customary to bathe the animals in the wine of Cyprus,\\nand comb their hair with ivory combs dipped in olive oil.\\nIn my travels through Asia Minor I saw evidences of large cities,\\nthat had existed at some period, or other, but were now totally ruined, be-\\ning in a desert, waste place, where there was no sign of vegetation or life\\nof any kind, yet the ruins of the city was proof that this great plateau\\ncountry was one time largely populated.\\nTt has often occurred to me, since I left Angora that, there was a\\ntime when a beautiful, perfect mohair goat existed in that country very\\ndifferent from any that I saw there or that has been imported into this\\ncountry. The engraving I saw in the book just referred to showed no\\nlong pendant ears; but small ones and the animal seemed to be small, and\\nvery intelligent. If it would be of any benefit to trace the history of this\\nbeautiful animal I feel quite sure that much information can be had in\\nGreek history.\\nMr. Harris has devoted great care in the breeding of his\\ngoats, and has never used any bucks but those of his own\\nraising, and by careful selection has greatly improved the gen-\\neral appearance of them, besides adding largely to their mo-\\nhair-producing qualities. His original goats sheared 9 pounds\\nfor bucks and 4 pounds for does and he has raised one buck", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "()2 A Neiv Industry.\\nthat sheared as high as I8I/2 pounds and does as high as 9\\npounds. The tuft on the forehead is pure mohair, six to seven\\ninches long, and as fine as any portion of the fleece, which is\\na strong evidence of the great strength of blood they possess.\\nFor a number of years he did not offer any bucks for\\nsale, making wethers out of them, and deriving his profit from\\nmohair alone, but he has recently divided his fiock into three\\nparts, placing one in Texas, in partnership with Mr. Geo. W.\\nBaylor, at Montell, Uvalde County, ad another at Salem, Ore-\\ngon, in connection with Mr. J. B. Early, keeping the remaining\\nthird at his home in Oakley, Idaho, for the purpose of supplying\\nother breeders with males, for which he receives a great many\\norders and, it was for the purpose of supplying his customers\\nat a distance with bucks that he determined on dividing up\\nhis flock.\\nAlthough Mr. Harris is on the shady side of sixty, he\\ncannot be called an old man, for he is as full of vigor, and en-\\nterprise, as a man of forty; and, if he thought he could find\\nany better stock of goats than he already has, he would not hesi-\\ntate to make another journey to the remotest corner of the\\nearth to get them.\\nHe has been blessed with three children, two girls and a\\nboy, who take the same pride in his fine fiock of goats as he\\ndoes himself.\\nThere are probably not over one thousand head of Angora\\ngoats in Idaho, the majority of which belong to Mr. Harris.\\nUTAH got her start in 1873 or 1873 through Brigham\\nYoung, President of the Mormon Church. He purchased two\\npure-blooded animals from Mr. Wm. M. Landrum, since when\\ndher stock has been imported and it is estimated they now have\\n3000 to 4000 head.\\nWYOMING has paid but little attention to the industry,\\nand has only about 3000 goats.\\nWASHINGTON has only a limited number, perhaps 2,500\\nThey were first started there in 1881.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. 95\\nMONTANA has but few breeders. They were first intro-\\nduced about 1881, by Mr. T. C. Miles of Silver Bow. Mr. H. A.\\nBrannin of Marysville, has a small flock and speaks very encour-\\nagingly of the climate, etc. It is estimated they have one thous-\\nand Angoras now.\\nMINNESOTA has only a few. Mr. C. D. TuthiU of Tut-\\nhill, Anoka County, was perhaps the first to become interested\\nin them in 1894 and his experience is assuring that Minnesota\\nis well adapted to their propagation. It is estimated there are\\nabout 500 head in the State at this time.\\nNORTH CAROLINA. Mr. T. K. Bruner, Secretary\\nBoard of Agriculture, writes that\\nThe Angora was introduced into North Carolina about twenty years\\nago by Mr. Jno. A. Boyden of Sahsbury, N. C, but very Httle attention\\nwas paid to them and they strayed ofif into the mountains and were shot\\nby mountaineers as wild game. Mr. Lafayette Holt of Burlington, N. C,\\nis interested in a small flock, which he started in 1893.\\nOne hundred head will probably cover the number of goats in\\nNorth Carolina at present.\\nNEBRASKA has no Angora goats, but a correspondent\\nfrom Gering, in that State, who seems to be very much interes-\\nted in the industry, writes\\nWe have the best goat country in Northwestern Nebraska that can\\nbe found anywhere.\\nARIZONA received her first goats in 1882 through Col.\\nWm. Hardy, of Phoenix, and, it is estim.ated, there are upwards\\nof ten thousand in the Territory at the present time\\nNORTH DAKOTA. Mr. O. O. Johnson, Dep. Com..\\nAgr. writes There are no Angora goats in North Dakota.\\nSOUTH DAKOTA. Dr. F. A. Spofford, of Flandreau,\\nwrites\\nFrom my connection as Regent of Education with the State\\nAgricultural College, I must say that, so far as I can ascertain no one\\nhas engaged in raising goats in this State. A year ago we corresponded\\nwith dififerent parties with a view to their introduction upon the College\\nfarm, but up to this time nothing has been done. I am personally very\\nmuch interested in this question.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "g4 A Nczv Industry.\\nCOLORADO has taken but little interest in the Angora\\nup to this time, and has perhaps six thousand head of goats.\\nKANSAS has just commenced breeding the Angora goat,\\nand, judging from the interest that is being manifested by her\\npeople she will play a very prominent part in the industry very\\nsoon. Mr. R. C. Johnson of Lawrence, writes me under date\\no: 15th February, 1899\\nI have handled 3500 head of Angora goats, since September and ex-\\npect to handle that many more before 1st of June of which I have 2000 now\\non the way from Texas. I had no idea of the demand for goats when I\\nentered the business, and it is on the increase. I purchased the Gun-\\nzer flock of goats for my own breeding. They are said to be one of the\\nfinest flocks in the State of I exas.\\nIt is estimated that Kansas has at least 5000 goats at the\\npresent time.\\nOKLAHOMA recieved her first Angoras in 1890, and has\\npernaps two thousard head.\\nILLINOIS has very few Angoras, and has only recently\\ntaken any notice of the animal. In reply to a letter addressed\\nto the Secretary of the Illinois Statu Board of Agtl. in August,\\nMr. W. C. Garrard writes:\\nI don t think they are raised here at all.\\nBtit Mr. C. S. Horn of Chicago, informs me that he\\nImported a car load in the early part of 1899 for the purpose of\\ncleaning some brush land, he had purchased near Quincy, and that he has\\nbeen remarkably well pleased with his investment.\\nI suppose three hundred head will cover the number owned\\nin Illinois today but, to judge from the vast amount of brushy\\nlands that are in the State I am ((uite sure many others will\\nfollow in the footsteps of Mr. Horn.\\nMICHIGAN. Mr. C D. Smith, Director of Michigan Ex-\\nperiment Station, writes:\\n*The Gunzer flock of goats was started from Di.ine stock, and\\n.re said to be a very superior lot of Angoras.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in ihc States and Territories. 05\\nI am now looking up the question of Angora goats for some of our\\npoorer lands in Crawford and adjacent counties. I know of no extensive\\nbreeders of goats in this State.\\nOne hundred head will probably cover all the Angoras now\\nlield in Michigan.\\nINDIANA. According to a Report of the Indiana State\\nBoard of Agriculture, published in 1866, an effort was made to\\nencourage the raising of the Angora goat in Indiana and the\\nCommittee on Awards strongly recommended the raising of\\nthis class of animal because they were found to be very profit-\\nable. See Agtl. Rept. for 1867, p. 353.\\nMr. Charles F. Kennedy, the present Secretary of the Ind-\\niana State Board of Agriculture, writes under date of 9th Aug-\\nust, 1899, that\\nThere are very few Angora goats in the State of Indiana.\\nDr. P. C. Plaster of Indianapolis, writes me that interest in\\nthe animal is being revived, and it is not unlikely that consider-\\nable numbers will soon be introduced into the State.\\nMAINE. A report was circulated some years ago by an\\nEastern newspaper that a strong syndicate had been formed to\\nraise the Angora goat upon a mammoth scale, and that they\\ncontemplated starting with one hundred thousand goats.\\nIn reply to an inquiry about the matter, Mr. B. Walker\\nMcKeen, Secretary of the Agtl. Dept. of the State, says\\nWhatever you may have seen in print in relation to the matter\\noriginated in the fertile brain of a newspaper reporter and has no foun-\\ndation whatever in fact. We have no Angora goats in our State.\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE. Mr. N. J. Bachelder. Secretary of\\nBoard of Agriculture, writes\\nWe know nothing about Angora goats.\\nVERMONT. Mr. C. J. Bell, Master of Vermont State\\nGrange, writes\\nI do not know of any Angora goats in the State.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "p 5 A Nnv Industry.\\nCONNECTICUT received some Angoras soon after they\\nwere first introduced into the United States, as did Massachu-\\nsetts but there was never any very general interest taken in\\nthe industry, and only a very few farmers have kept them.\\nMr. James A. Bill of Bill Hill P. O., writes me that, he\\nHas been breeding a few for thirty years, and has found them\\nthe most profitable part of his farm.\\nIt is estimated Connecticut has three hundred Angoras.\\nARKANSAS. Has no Angora goats, but has some com-\\nmon stock.\\nALABAMA. Has no Angora goats, but has some of the\\ncommon stock.\\nLOUISIANA. Has some common and probably three\\nhundred head of Angoras.\\nMISSISSIPPI. Has no Angora goats, and a few thous-\\nand common.\\nThe last named States have all got more or less of the com-\\nmon short-haired goat and there is no doubt but that the An-\\ngora can be made very profitable in many sections of these\\nvStates except where the land is low and swampy.\\nIOWA did not take any particular notice of the Angora\\ngoat until 1893, when Dr. J. R. Standley of Platteville, in Taylor\\nCounty, imported between three and four hundred for the pur-\\npose of clearing some hazel-brush land, and his success vv^as so\\nremakable that it has resulted in making Iowa the third largest\\nAngcra State in the Union. It is estimated there are at least forty\\nthousand head of Angora goats in this State at the present\\ntime, which have been shipped principally from Texas and, to\\njudge from the great number of inquiries that are being made by\\nfarmers who think of patterning after Dr. Standley s very prac-\\ntical way of clearing land, it is safe to predict that, Iowa will\\nsoon outstrip all other States, in point of numbers. The amount\\nof good that has resulted, and will result hereafter, from this\\ngentleman s enterprise, is immeasurable. It has not only been\\nof immense benefit to the owners of land in his own State, but", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. Q7\\nhas extended into other States as well, and has injected new life\\ninto the industry in all of the States that have been raising Ango-\\nras for mohair. There is not a single State that has not already\\nfelt the influence of his work, and the demand that has been\\ncreated for goats, to be used in clearing brushy lands alone,\\nwill call for more animals than can possibly be furnished from\\nthe present supply, which will result in the building up of a very\\nlarge industry in all of our Western States and Territories,\\nwhere suitable lands can be controlled at a reasonable expense.\\nDr. vStandley was born in Hendrix County, Indiana, 22d\\nDecember, 1831. His parents moved to Putnam County, in the\\nsame State, when he was an infant, and in 1845 they moved to\\nPike County, Illinois, where they remained until the spring of\\n1850, and then moved to Davis County, Iowa, where the Doc-\\ntor reached his majority. He was partly educated in Indiana,\\nIllinois and Iowa, entering the Iowa State University at Keo-\\nkuk, from which institution he graduated as a Doctor of Medi-\\ncine in 1855, and he secured a second diploma, as a physician,\\nin 1889, from the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louis-\\nville. On the 4th July, 1854, he was married to Miss Radical\\nHornback of Pittsfield, Illinois, with whom he settled on a large\\ntract of land he had acquired in Jefferson, T. P., Taylor County,\\nwhere he has resided ever since.\\nHe practiced his profession, more or less, but having a\\ngreat fondness for agriculture devoted much of his time to farm-\\ning and stock raising, which he always conducted upon scientific\\nlines, and prided himself upon having the most improved strains\\nof cattle, sheep and hogs, that could be purchased.\\nWith his characteristic enterprise he established a store,\\nto supply himself, and neighbors, with merchandise, which had\\nto be hauled, by wagon, from the Missouri river at St. Joseph,\\nMo., a distance of seventy-three miles. He set aside a certain\\npart of land for school and religious purposes which has resulted\\nin the building up of the thriving little village of Platteville, sit-\\nuated about midway between Blockton, on the Chicago\\nGreat Western R. R., and, Bedford, on the Chicago, Burling-\\nton Ouincy, which is now supplied with a daily ^-ail and tele-\\nphone service.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "p8 A Nczv Industry.\\nAbout six hundred acres of his farm had been left in tim-\\nber, for pasture purposes, but the hazel-brush soon became very\\nthick, and interfered greatly with the growth of grass. The com-\\nmon method for getting rid of this nuisance w^as, to cut the brush\\ndown, and run sheep, and cattle, on it, but the Doctor only suc-\\nceeded in clearing eighty acres of it in fifteen years, and for a\\nman of his progressive ideas this was altogether too slow a way.\\nThe cost of grubbing up the roots would be expensive and for a\\ntime he was undecided what course to follow. He had always\\nheard that the goat was very fond of brush, and decided to give\\nthis animal a trial before resorting to the more expensive meth-\\nod of grubbing it out. He visited Texas and purchased about\\nthree hundred and fifty head of graded Angoras in 1893, and\\nthe shipment created considerable comment on the part of all\\nwho saw them. Many of his neighbors thought it was a piece\\nof folly, but in a short time they realized that his judgment was\\ngood, and by fall, the portion of the land that had been used to\\nhold the goats, looked very much like a prairie fire had passed\\nover it; and in less than three years, this lot of goats, with their\\nincrease, had destroyed every hazel-brush on his farm, and the\\nblue-grass had taken a stand far superior- to any in the vicinity\\nwhich is doubtless explained by the rich fertilizing quality of\\nthe droppings from the goat.\\nDr. Standley does not believe in keeping his light under\\na i3asket, he therefore, proclaimed the great success he had\\nachieved through the press, so that his fellow-farmers might\\nprofit by his experience and, in 1897, he imported two thous-\\nand head more, which he sold out in small lots at auction, and in\\nless than twelve months after, the demand for Angora goats was\\nalmost universal among Iowa farmers. The Doctor was convinced\\nthat this demand would continue, so he concluded to engage in\\nraising the animal for profit, and in 1897, succeeded in purchasing\\nthe entire flock of pure bred Angoras from the estate of the\\nlate Col. Richard Peters of Atlanta, Georgia, who had been a\\nconspicuous breeder of thoroughbreds from a very early period.\\nHe has since shipped breeding bucks into the Dominion of\\nCanada, and to many of the States as well and, at the present\\ntime has a little over one hundred of the Peters goats on", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "99\\nDr. J. R. Standley.\\nLofC.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "spread of Angora Goat Industry in the States and Territories. loi\\nhand, which he takes great pride in breeding, and is confident\\nhe will be able to improve their high standard, in the climate of\\nIowa, over what they had attained in the warmer climate of\\nGeorgia. The following is a copy of the opinion of an expert in\\nBradford, England, who examined some of Dr. Standley s clip\\nof 1898:\\nCalverley, Nr. Leeds,\\nAugust 5th, 1899.\\nMr. J. R. Standley, Platteville, Iowa.\\nCertificate of Merit,\\nI beg to acknowledge receipt of the sample of Mohair grown by\\nyou and sent through Messrs. Wm. R. Payne Co. of New York.\\nPermit me to say that the sample of mohair is first-class in every\\nrespect. I showed it to several of our largest users, and was asked if I\\nhad any for sale, all l^eing agreed, it was a very useful style of hair and\\nwell suited to the present requirements ot the trade of Bradford. It was\\na very good quality, capital length, good lustre, very free of kemp, and on\\na par with average Turkey. Yours faithfully,\\nS B. ROLLINGS,\\nWool Expert.\\nThere is no doubt that Dr. Standley s long experience in\\nhandling live stock will greatly assist him in his new undertak-\\ning, and the Angora goat breeders of the United States have\\ngood reason to congratulate themselves in having so practical\\na member in the industry.\\nDr. Standley had the misfortune to lose his wife in 1898,\\nwho had been his constant companion for nearly half a century.\\nHis two children, Mrs. Asa Terrel, and Dr. Joe Standley, Jr.,\\nhave farms close to their father s and between the three fami-\\nlies, they occupy in the neighborhood of five thousand acres of\\nas fine blue grass land as can be found in the State of Iowa.\\nAmong others who have become interested in Angoras may\\nbe mentioned Dr. Bevington of Wintersett, the owner of about\\nsix thousand acres of fine land, some of which was unproductive\\nuntil he invested in goats. This gentleman first bought a few;\\nand, when he realized their great value, he imported about one\\nthousand head from Texas.\\nMr. Benj. F. E -bert of Des Moines, is another prominent\\nconvert. He had heard of the wonderful work of the animal,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "102 A Nczu Iiuhistry.\\nand decided to make a purchase of a few hundred at one of Dr.\\nStandley s auction sales and, afterwards, invested in eight hun-\\ndred well improved goats, which he runs upon his farm, and is\\nnow a strong advocate of the Angora.\\nMr. J. C. Morton, of Indianola, imported a carload from\\nTexas in 1898, and has not only accomplished the work of clear-\\ning his farm of brush but is breeding them for profit as well.\\nMr. S. S. McKibbin of Earlham, was another early convert.\\nHe had heard of them through Dr. Standley s work, and made a\\npurchase of some in 181)7. He engaged in dealing in the animal\\nand has disposed of upwards of five thousand head, if not more,\\nwithin the past two years. Mr. McKibbin noticed a hornless\\nmale kid among some of the shipments he received, and decided\\nto keep him, and see if he could not develop a hornless breed,\\nwhich has been very satisfactory and I intend to refer to the\\nmatter more particularly later on, as T deem it of great impor-\\ntance to the industry.\\nCapt. J. Murray Hoag, of Maquoketa, is another who saw\\nthe opportunity of dealing in Angoras and has been quite an\\nactive agent in distributing them for the past year, sending\\ncome as far East as Massachusetts, and he feels verv much en-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2couraged. This gentleman has engaged in breeding, as well,\\nand it is reported he has recently taken steps to import some\\nstock from South Africa.\\nMany others have purchased Angoras upon a large scale,\\nbut the bulk of the holdings, in Iowa, run from twenty-five up\\nto one and two hundred head. The demand has been so steady\\nfor the past few years, it is now very difficult to find any improved\\ngoats for sale, in Texas, and buyers are beginning to look to\\nCalifornia and other States for a supply. I am quite sure it will\\nsoon become necessary to buy the short-haired Alexican\\ngoat, and grade them up as the early breeders had to do.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII.\\nCENSUS OF ANGORA GOATS IN THE UNITED STATES.\\nThe number of Angora goats in the United States is en-\\ntirely problematicaL There has never been any census taken of\\nthem by the U. S. authorities and it is impossible to arrive at\\nany absolutely correct number, but v/e can come to a reasonably\\nfair approximation through the agency of the amount of mohair\\nthat is marketed, which is the basis of the following estimate,\\nand I feel under obligations to Messrs. Wm. R. Payne Co.\\nof New York, for the information.\\nIn sending me this estimate Mr. Payne writes\\nWe have yours of the 10th inst. and regarding your query as to\\nthe number of Angoras in the country, you doubtless know that there is\\nno statistical data at all to base on. The census returns give goats of all\\nkinds in, together, with sheep, and the proposition is, therefore purely hy-\\npothetical, and about as near guess work as anything can be. The only\\nway we can arrive at a remote, and very unreliable, approximation is to\\nget as near as possible the mohair grown in each State, so far as can be\\nascertained, and average the fleeces to represent the probable number\\nof goats represented. This is next to an impossible matter and the whole\\nestimate is crude and uncertain. We would not want to be committed to\\nthe figures or in any sense be responsible for their correctness, and they\\nare subject to criticism therefore as we give them.\\nThrough the medium of the question blanks, that I\\ndistributed among the breeders, wiiich I have summarized in\\nChapter XXIV, I am able to approximate the weight of our\\nshearing per capita in each State, and in this way I reach the fol-\\nlowing estimate of the number of Angoras in the different States\\nat this time, or say, on 1st January, 1900.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "ESTIMATED NUMBER OP ANGORA GOATS IN THE UNITED\\nSTATES, JANUARY 1, 1900.\\nState\\nTe\\nOregon\\nCalifornia\\nIowa\\nNew Mexico.\\nArizona\\nColorado\\nNevada\\nKansas\\nUtah\\nWyoming\\nWashington\\nOklahoma\\nMissouri\\nIdaho\\nMontana\\nMassachusetts\\nGeorgia\\nVirginia\\nOhio\\nPennsylvania\\nConnecticut\\nIllinois\\nTennessee\\nKentucky\\nMinnesota\\nIndiana\\nMichig an\\nNew York.\\nN. Cai olina.\\nTOTAL\\nClassification of Fleece\\nMostly short, six-months staple,\\nbut very clean and light fleeces,\\nfluffy, and cottony\\nMostly bright, and good condition\\nHeavier in condition, earthy and\\ncoarser\\nMostly bright, and good condition\\nMixed grades, and condition\\n(dusty)\\nHeavy average carding, very\\nearthy\\nOrdinary carding, dusty\\nMostly average carding, some\\nearthy\\nHeavy and earthy\\nHeavy alkiline and frowsy\\nAverage carding\\nPoor carding, hard fibred, low.\\nFair carding\\nProduct\\nOf\\nMOHAIK\\nIN\\nPounds\\nMostly bright, and good condition\\nGood carding\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2250,000\\n225,000\\n120,000\\n100.000\\n4) O\\n876,450\\n21/3\\n3\\n3\\n2%\\n75,000 I 21/2\\n20,000\\n2\\n15,000\\n2%\\n12,500\\n2%\\n12,500\\n2y2\\n9,000\\n2V2\\n7,500\\n2%\\n6,000\\n2V2\\n5,000\\n2V2\\n3,000\\n2\\n4,000\\n4\\n3,000\\n3\\n2,500\\n2%\\n750\\n21/2\\n600\\n2\\n600\\n2\\n600\\n2\\n900\\n3\\n750\\n2y.\\n400\\n2\\n400\\n2\\n500\\n2Vz\\n250\\n214\\n250\\n2yo\\n250 J\\n2V^\\n200\\n329,300", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Census of Angora Goats in the United States. lo^\\nMr. Payne adds\\nOf the above 876,450 which may be called Mohair, perhaps about\\none-half will run to a Combing staple of six inches and above. About\\ntwenty per cent. Medium staple five to six inches, and about thirty per\\ncent, short kid Carding and Blanket hair.\\nThere are, probably, of cross-bred goats, yielding a very coarse,\\nkempy, hairy fieece, only suitable for low carpet yarn, in addition to the\\nabove (which may be called Angora) some 40,000 pounds to 50,000 pounds,\\nscattered throughout the Southwest and Territories.\\nMr. H. M. Williamson, editor of the Oregon Agriculturist,\\nand Rural Northwest, of Portland, Ore., says\\nI have not enough facts at my command to justify a close estimate\\nof the amount of mohair produced in the United States in 1899, but believe\\nthe figures to be a little larger than the estimate of Mr. Wm. R. Payne.\\nI do not think the amount was less than one million pounds. Mr. Payne\\ncertainly underestimated materially the amount produced in Arizona and\\nNew Mexico.\\nFrom the best information available, the mohair clip of Oregon\\nlast year was about 200,000 pounds. The four buyers who handle nearly\\nall the mohair grown in the State claim to have bought in the aggregate\\nnearly 260,000 pounds. One of these dealers claims to have bought more\\nthan I think he got and most of the mohair grown in Idaho and Washing-\\nton, and part of that produced in Northern California, was included in\\nthese figures. On the other hand, some Oregon mohair was consigned\\ndirect to the East, by growers. For the present year, I estimate the clip\\nof the State at 240,000 pounds.\\nIt will be seen that with few exceptions every State and\\nTerritory in the Union has had the Angora goat at one time or\\nother, and there has never been a failure in raising them. The\\nmore Northern States have an advantage over the Southern in\\na greater weight of fleece, which is doubtless explained by the\\naction of the colder chmate. If the Industry were to depend al-\\ntogether upon the demand for mohair it is not likely the in-\\ncrease would be very rapid but, with the demand for goats to\\nbe used as brush exterminators, there is hardly any way of esti-\\nmating the number the United States will probably have with-\\nin the next decade. It is very reasonable to believe we will have\\nto export a surplus of mohair sooner or later for we can hardly\\nexpect our manufacturing industry to keep pace with our in-\\n--epse in goats when we take the brush feature into considera-\\ntion.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "io6 A Nezv Industry.\\nThe South Africa breeders are evidently afraid of this\\nresult from the fact that they have recently introduced a meas-\\nure in the Colonial Parliament placing a duty of $500 on all\\nAngora goats that are exported from that country, which how-\\never is not likely to become effective, as the adjoining colonies\\nwill have to co-operate with Cape Colony to carry out their\\npurpose, which undoubtedly is, to prevent the American breed-\\ners from purchasing any of their goats. It is gratifying to know\\nthat we already have cjuite enough of pure blooded stock to\\nbe entirely independent of this selfish country, provided proper\\ncare is used in breeding-, which is more than likely to be\\nfollowed l^y those who are fortunate enough to own a stud\\nflock.\\nBut, as above stated, it is not at all likely that the law will\\never become operative and we may expect quite a considerable\\ntrade with the breeders of South Africa, who have pure stock,\\nwhich will assist us greatly in developing our own industry and\\nbe a source of profit to breeders in that country.\\nIn justice to the broad minded gentlemen who were oppos-\\ned to the placing of an export duty on goats, I take pleasure\\nin copying the following extract from the Midland News and\\nKaroo Farmer. of Craddock, Cape Colony (Taken from the\\nOregon Agriculturist and Rural Northwest.\\nSOUTH AFRICAN OPINIONS ON THE EXPORT TAX.\\nThe bill to prevent the export of Angoras has passed the Legisla-\\ntive Council, but as the export duty will not come into force until Natal\\nand Mozambique have passed similar laws, it will be inoperative for some\\ntime to come. In the Upper House an amendment was introduced by-\\nMr. Maasdorp, and carried, stipulating that a similar restriction be placed\\non exportation from German West Africa, before the act takes effect in\\nthe Colony. When all the maritime states have agreed, no export will\\nbe allowed to the Inland Republics and Rhodesia, unless they agree to\\nsimilar restrictions. It will thus be seen some tiriie must elaspe before\\nexportations can be checked, and meanwhile a more liberal policy will\\nprobably find favor amongst our farmers. The Farmers Association,\\nthat has far away the greatest claim to be heard on this subject, the Zwart\\nRuggens Association, has pronounced against this bill; such well known\\nfarmers as !\\\\fr. C. Lee in the Lower House and Mr. G. H. Maasdorp\\nin the Council spoke strongly against the measure, but the dog in the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "Census of Angora Goats in the United States. 107\\nmanger policy is the popular one in both houses today. We are con-\\nvinced that the more our enterprising stock breeders (the men who have\\ndone more practical co-operative work in developing their industry\\nthan has been done in any other branch of farming) are encouraged to\\ncontinue the improvement of their stud flocks the higher will the stand-\\nard of Cape rhohair be raised. At the last Angora ram sale in Grafif-\\nReinet, there was no sale for a large proportion of the animals, offered;\\nthis was of course partly in consequence of the drought, but the fact\\nremains that unless a fresh outlet is found for our best bred rams, some\\nbreeders will go out of the business; competition will be lessened, and a\\ncheck given to that continued improvement that has been such an en-\\ncouraging feature during late years. The average quality of our staple\\nwill only rise as the average quality of stud flocks rise. The standard\\ncan only be raised by widening our market for rams. We repeat our\\nbelief that whatever rams go abroad, the best will be retained in the\\nColony, and from personal knowledge of our stud, breeders have every\\nconfidence that they will hold their own against Americans, Australians\\nand all comers.\\nThe Oregon Agriculturist makes the foUowing comment\\non the above\\nFrom reports of the debates in the Legislative Council and Assembly,\\npublished by the same paper, it appears that the leading opponent of the\\nbill in the Legislative Council was Hon. Mr. Maasdorp, a group of\\nwhose goats are illustrated in Cronwright Schreiner s Angora Goat. He\\nsaid it was not a fair principle to restrict the trade. If trade in mohair\\nis extended and taken up by other countries, mohair, instead of being as\\nnow an article of luxury and fashion, will become an article of cloth-\\ning and we will have a stable price. He also pointed out the fact that\\nthe only practical effect of the bill, if it became operative, will be to\\nprevent Cape Angora breeders who have spent a large sum of money\\non their stock from getting a good price for a ram from an occasional\\nAmerican buyer. The bill would, however, be inoperative because it\\ndepended on the governments of Natal and the Province of Mozambique\\nadopting similar legislation. Even in the remote contingency of their\\ndoing so there would remain the chance of goats working out through\\nthe German West Coast Territory.\\nHon. Mr. Van den Heever, who supported the bill, charged Mr.\\nMaasdorp with self interest in opposing the bill, because he was a breeder\\nand if the bill did not pass might sell goats at high prices to Americans.\\nIf the bill did not pass the result would be that within a year or two\\n30,000 Angora goats would be exported to America. No words were\\nstrong enough to describe the action of his honorable friend who was\\nanimated only by self-interest and did not care what became of the Colony\\nor even of the Maasdorp family in the near future provided he made his\\nten or twenty or fifty thousand pounds.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "io8 A Nezv Industry.\\nIn the Legislative Assembly the bill was opposed by Mr. C. Lee,\\n(who is undoubtedly the Mr. C. G. Lee who is secretary of the Angora\\nGoat Breeders Association of Cape Colony), and byMr. Hockly, who rep-\\nresents Somerset East, the district which contains more Angora goats\\nand produces more Mohair than any other district in Cape Colony, and\\nSir P. Faure. The leading advocates of the bill were Messrs. Van\\nHeerdefn and Wienaud.\\nThe great interest that has been manifested for the Angora\\ngoat in the past few years has encouraged our very efficient\\nSecretary of Agricuhure, the Hon. James Wilson, to incorpor-\\nate in his report for 1898 a bulletin which was prepared by Mr.\\nAlmont Barnes of the Division of Statistics, with great care,\\nand covers a vast amount of valuabk information, touching,\\nValue of Goat Skins, Imported, Number of Domestic\\nGoats in the United States, Goat Products, Available Pas-\\nturage, Supply of Labor, and many other matters of impor-\\ntance, which can be seen by reference to the Agricultural Re-\\nport for 1898.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX.\\nWHY THE INDUSTRY HAS MADE SUCH SLOW PROGRESS IN\\nTHE UNITED STATES, AND WHAT WE CAN EXPECT\\nIN THE FUTURE.\\nConsidering the fact that we have imported upwards of\\nthree hundred head of Angora goats from Asia Minor during\\nthe past fifty years, and that it is possible to grade up the short\\nhaired goat to a mohair producing animal with four or five\\ncrosses from a pure bred sire, it is quite evident that something\\nmust have interfered seriously with the growth of the industry\\nin this country or we would be able to make a much better ex-\\nhibit than we do.\\nOur total production of mohair at the present time is less\\none million pounds, while South Africa had passed the two mil-\\nlion pound mark early in 1879, and is today producing more\\nthan twelve million pounds of this valuable fibre.\\nWhat has been the reason for such slow progress on the\\npart of American breeders, when the industry was so quickly\\ndeveloped in South Africa? In 1882 Dr. Hayes, referring more\\nparticularly to the efforts of Col. Richard Peters of Georgia,\\nand Col. Robt. W. Scott of Kentucky, says\\nThe most valuable result they have accomplished is the preservation,\\nand acclimation, of undoubtedly pure stock, which may serve as a founda-\\ntion of a more systematic enterprise in this direction than has hithreto\\nbeen attempted in this country. That these breeders, skilful as they\\nare, have not accomplished more, is due partly to the fact that residing\\nin the South, their enterprise was retarded by the war, but more to the\\ncircumstances that perhaps, without abundant capital they have sought\\nto derive their profit rather from selling animals than from increas-\\ning the flocks and selling their fleeces. The increase having been sold in\\nscattered pairs, have got mixed up, with the common breed, and have been", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "no A Nezv Industry.\\npractically lost. Thus the greater part of the enterprise devoted to the\\nAngora goat culture, has been frittered away. The majority of breeders\\n(always excepting such as I have above named) who have crossed pure\\nanimals upon common goats have sold the grade animals, as if they had\\nall the excellences of absolutely pure goats. The purchasers, in their\\nturn, breeding the grade bucks to common goats have been naturally dis-\\nappointed in the results, and have let the breed run entirely out. See\\nHayes, p. 65, 66.\\nI think Dr. Hayes conclusion is correct with reference to\\nthe injury caused by the sale of grade sires for pure bred, but\\nhe is certainly wrong in attaching blame to either Col. Peters\\nor Col. Scott, for the slow growth of the industry. These gen-\\ntleman never contemplated raising mohair, as their surround-\\nings did not admit of their holding any large number of goats.\\nTheir purpose, evidently was to breed pure blooded stock and\\nsell to others, who were differently situated, and who were in a\\nposition to engage in carrying on the goat business upon an\\nextended scale; and, in this, I think they were eminently suc-\\ncessful, for a great many flocks of Angoras in the United States\\ncan be traced back to either the Peters or Scott blood.\\nBoth the Texas and California industries can be traced di-\\nrectly to Col. Peters efforts, which resulted in the importation\\nof all the goats that were brought into this country by others,\\nfor it is reasonable to think the importers would not have en-\\ngaged in such an undertaking, if they had not believed they\\nwould be able to sell their stock to breeders upon arrival. With\\nthe single exception of the J. S. Harris importation (which was\\nfor his own personal use), every one of the others was on spec-\\nulation, and they were all sold at very satisfactory prices. That\\nthe selling of high grades called full blood for pure bred\\nstock has had a tendency to retard the growth of the industry,\\nthere can be no doubt, but this cannot be the only cause, for\\nthere has never been an American industry established yet\\nthat has not had to contend more or less with fraudulent prac-\\ntices, even to the selling of wooden hams and nutmegs. Refer-\\nring to the industry in Australia, which was started in 1858, only\\nfour years after Col. Peters bought the Davis goats. Dr. Hayes\\nquotes some very interesting observations from Sir Samuel", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "Why flic Industry Has Made Such Slow Progress. Ill\\nWilson, a very eminent breeder of sheep in that colony, who had\\nencouraged the introduction of the Angora goat, and was ex-\\nceedingly anxious to see the industry fully established.\\nDr. Hayes says\\nThe evident preference of this eminent breeder is for the system\\nof increase from absolutely pure flocks, a preference which I regard as\\na strong justification of the orig-nal views in the text of my essay. Sir\\nSamuel seems to think that, from a National point of view, the time requir-\\ned to create immense flocks of pure animals is of little moment. His calcu-\\nlations of the result which can be attained in four decades will astonish\\nthe reader, he says:\\nThe flock of Angora goats, now (1873) on the Wimmera, is 108 in\\nnumber, besides a few young k ds. From calculations carefully made.\\nand which, as well as other figures in this paper, have been verified by\\nProfessor Strong of the Melbourne University, this small flock, if care-\\nfully managed, and sufficient pasture allowed for it to graze upon, will,\\nat the ordinary rate of increase, reach in thirty years the very large num-\\nber of 44 2,.368. This number should be sufficient to displace most, if\\nnot all, the common goats in the Colony. In forty years, at the same rate,\\nthe pure flocks would increase to over 7,000,000.\\nThe pure flock should, if possible, be kept in one district and not\\nscattered about. From this point, as a centre, th; great profit to be ob-\\ntained from them should enable them to push their way and drive out the\\ncommon goat. The above estimate of increase I arrive at by the simple\\ncalculation of doubling the number of the flock every two and one-half\\nyears. This was found to be about the rate of increase which sheep\\nwere observed to make on their first introduction into Australia. I have\\nreason to believe that the Angora, will, with care, increase in an equal\\nratio.\\nThe calculation is as follows, showing the estimated number at each\\nperiod of two and a half years:\\nPresent number of flock 108\\nEstimated number in two and one-half years. 216\\nEstimated number in five years 432\\n2\\nEstimated number in seven and one-half years 864\\n2\\nEstimated number in ten vears 1,728", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112 A Nerv Industry.\\nEstimated number in ten years, carried forward 1,728\\n2\\nEstimated number in twelve and one-half years 3,456\\n2\\nEstimated number in fifteen years 6,912\\n2\\nEstimated number in seventeen and one-half years 13,824\\n2\\nEstimated number in twenty years 27,648\\n2\\nEstimated number in twenty-two and one-half years 55,296\\n2\\nEstimated number in twenty-five years 110,592\\n2\\nEstimated number in twenty-seven and one-half years 221,184\\n2\\nEstimated number in thirty years 442,368\\n2\\nEstimated number in thirty-two and one-half years years 884,736\\n2\\nEstimated number in thirty-five years 1,769,472\\n2\\nEstimated number in thirty-seven and one-half years 3,538,944\\n2\\nEstimated number in forty years 7,077,888\\nBy calculating the rate of increase at 80 per cent., yearly, on the num-\\nber of does, of any age, to produce kids; and, making the proper allow-\\nance for deaths, from age, and other causes, the result would be still great-\\ner, and the above calculation would seem moderate in comparison. As\\na matter of fact, the flock has actually been doubled in number by nat-\\nural increase in the first two years, and with sufficient pasture and proper\\ncare and management, would doubtless reach the large number of 442,368\\nin ihe year 1903, and upwards of 7,000,000, in the year 1913. See Hayes,\\npages 52 and 53.\\nDr. Hayes then proceeds to show that,\\nIf the United States had followed the above theory with the\\nChenery and Diehl importations alone, we would today be enjoying\\nthe fruits from a large industry of pure-bred Angora goats, which, he\\nestimated (so early as 1882) would reach 2,792,000 animals producing\\n11,000,000 pounds of merchantable mohair. (See Hayes, p. 54.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "Why the Industry Has Made Such Slozv Progress. 113\\nI would here remind my reader, that an industry, and more\\nespecially an agricultural industry, requires something more\\nthan dry theory, and mathematics, to feed upon. The first\\nthing, in my judgment, is a market for the product and, the next\\nis a complete knowledge on the part of all who engage in it,\\nas to where that market can be found, together, with a perfect\\nunderstanding of how to produce the article, and how to pre\\npare it to meet the wants of consumers.\\nOf all these essentials, our early breeders were in total ig-\\nnorance, with the exception, perhaps, of a very few of the lead-\\ning members and, even at the present time, not one farmer\\nin ten thousand has ever seen mohair has no idea of what an\\nAngora goat looks like, and has not the remotest idea of how\\nto handle the animal, or how to prepare the fleece it produces\\nfor marketable purposes.\\nThe following letter written by Mr. J. R. Rippey, Secretary\\nof Missouri State Board of Agriculture, in reply to an inquiry\\nT made with reference to the industry in this State, is a very\\nstrong confirmation of what I have just stated:\\nColumbia, Mo., August 15th, 1899.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Tex.\\nDear Sir I do not now know of a flock of Angora goats in Missouri.\\nCol. John Walker of Fayette, Howard county, some fifteen or twenty\\nyears ago, had three or four hundred head, but I think they proved un-\\nprofitable and he disposed of them. At that time the wool buyers in\\nthis State, knew nothing whatever of the value of the fleece, and offered\\npractically nothing for it. Then again the owners of the goats knew noth-\\ning of the necessary care of the fleece, when it should be clipped, or as\\nto the care of the goats for producing the best fleece. If there is a herd\\nin this State, I do not know it. Respectfully,\\nJ. R. RIPPEY.\\nThe prime reason for the slow growth of our Angora\\ngoat industry, in my opinion, is due to the fact that breeders\\ncould not make is as profitable as raising other kinds of live-\\nstock. If they had started with goats that would pay their\\nway with mohair at the commencement, and had known exactly\\nhow to handle the stock, and where they could market their\\nmohair, as above mentioned, conditions might be difterent but.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "A Nczv Industry.\\nit must be remembered, the early breeders Had to begin with\\ncommon goats, and grade them up and, even many of those,\\nwho used nothing but absohitely pure bred sires, found it un-\\nprofitable, for the reason that their first and second crosses\\nwould not pay to shear, and there being no sale for goat meat\\nin our large markets, were forced to accept ruinously low prices\\n(often as low as fifty cents per head) from local ranchmen, who\\nused them for ranch meat purposes. This had a tendency to\\ndiscourage others from engaging in the business, and the re-\\nsult has been, that only a few have had the confidence and ablHty\\nto hold their goats, until they had graded them up to a paying\\nbasis, while the many gave up in despair, very early in the strug-\\ngle, and their goats have been sold out and slaughtered. My\\npersonal experience, which is outHned in rriy Introductory Re-\\nmarks, is, I think a very good illustration of this condition.\\nI had accumulated as many as 8000 head of goats of all grades,\\nfrom the common Mexican to very high grades, and was com-\\npelled to thin out my goats for two reasons 1st, my old goats\\nwould soon die of old age and, 2nd, my range was not suf-\\nficient to accommodate so many goats, with my other stock.\\nI tried faithfully to find a market for one thousand fat wethers,\\nand the following letter received from a Chicago packing house\\nwill show what poor success I met with, (the name of the writer\\nis omitted for obvious reasons)\\nChicago, 111., Sept. 25th, 1892.\\nWm. L. Bhick, Ft. McKavett, Tex.\\nDear Sir Yours of the 15th inst. offering to sell us 1000 fat wether\\ngoats is at hand and we regret to say we c nnot use them. We recog-\\nnize the fact that grade Angora mutton is fully equal to sheep, and we do\\nnot hesitate to slaughter them in a limited way, when we receive them\\nwith a flock of sheep, but the preiudice for goat meat is so strong, that\\nwe do not feel justified in slaughtering them in such large numbers as you\\npropose to ship. Very truly yours.\\nBeing compelled to do something, I resorted to the scheme\\nof slaughtering thetn myself for their hides and tallow.\\nThe American farmer is impulsive and will often sacrifice\\nyears of labor spent in grading up stock that he finds to be un", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Why the Industry Has Made SiieJi Slozv Progress. jzK\\nprofitable in a moneyed sense. It is the dollar that influences\\nhim and not sentiment. During the two periods of depression\\nwe have had in our sheep industry in the past 17 years, (1883 to\\n1886, and 1890 to 1894, both caused by adverse tariff legislation)\\nwhich resulted in a temporary decline in wool, millions of fine\\nsheacing sheep were sent to the shambles, and sold for a trifle,\\nbecause the proceeds from wool did not pay for keeping them.\\nHorses, too have been sacrificed in the same ruinous way, dur-\\ning the past few years, for the same reason, which has resulted\\nin setting back both of these industries very seriously.\\nThat our country is well adapted to the culture of the An-\\ngora has been clearly proven, and all who held their goats until\\nthey had reached a shearing capacity, of say two pounds per head,\\nhave made money, and are now enjoying better results from\\nthis branch of their livestock than any other but, it is not reas-\\nonable to suppose that all breeders would have the patience,\\nand financial strength to hold on to stock for a number of years\\nat a loss when they could use their land, and their energies\\nwith a different kind of stock that would yield them better re-\\nsults.\\nBecause South Africa has been so remarkably successful\\nis no reason to think they have a country better suited to the\\nAngora goat than the United States is. Conditions in the two\\ncountries are very different.\\nIn the United States we have a large home and export de-\\nmand for fresh meat, and farmers naturally prefer raising such\\nstock as will meet with ready sale.\\nIn South Africa the sale for fresh meat is limited, and far-\\nmers are compelled to rely more upon incidental products like\\nwool and mohair, which can be easily transported to market.\\nBut, matters in this country, respecting the Angora goat, I am\\npleased to say have changed very materially wiihin the past few\\nvears, and it is now possible to sell these animals in any quan-\\ntity, at any of our large meat packing markets as readily\\nas sheep. Besides this an unexpected demand has recently\\nsprung up from Northern and Eastern farmers who want to use\\nthe animal as a brush exterminator, which will call for more\\ngoats than we can supply in many years to come and if all", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "ii6 A Neiv Industry.\\nsigns do not fail we shall soon begin to show our South Afri-\\ncan friends, and others, the way Americans can develop an in-\\ndustry when all their disabilities have been removed, and they\\nmake up their minds to go to work. As for the breeders who\\nsell full-bloods for pure breeds, these will soon be found out\\nand will disappear from the field, as all frauds have had^to do\\nin the past.*\\n*It is perhaps proper for me to say that, I do not share the opinion\\nthat, all breeders, who sell graded goats for breeding purposes, are nec-\\nessarily rascals, or frauds. I do not think it possible to trace the lineage\\nof any goat either in America, South Africa, or Turkey, to an absolutely\\npure-blooded sire and consequently it is impossible for a breeder to\\nknow if his goats are pure bred, in the strict sense of the term, or not.\\nThe Turks have interbred with common goats for many years, and so\\nhave South Africa breeders, as well as ourselves. What I should have\\nsaid, perhaps, is that, all who sell grades, that, they know are grades,\\nhaving only the appearance of pure-hred goats, without the strength\\nof blood to transmit, and impress their progeny, as they should, will\\nsoon be found out in their rascally practice and disappear from the field.\\nI believe we have many Angoras that have been graded up from the\\ncommon goat that, have greater power to transmit mohair blood, than\\nmany goats bred in Turke3^ and entitled to the proud title thorough-\\nbred. Blood will tell, and, I think, it has been the experience of all\\nbreeders of stock, in the past that when an animal has been bred a\\nsufficient length of time so as to thoroughly fix his type, he can be re-\\nlied upon t o reproduce his kind with absolute certainty, but, I shall say\\nmore on this subject, when I get to the Practical Parts of the Indus-\\ntry.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X.\\nC3NCERNING THE MANUFACTURE OF MOHAIR IN ASIA MINOR,\\nENGLAND, AND THE UNITED STATES.\\nIN ASIA MINOR. Although goat hair has been used for\\nclothing by many of the Eastern Nations for a great many cen-\\nturies, it is, comparatively, a new textile in the manufactures of\\nthe present age.\\nIt is referred to as early as 1600 B. C. In Exodus, xxxv,\\nchapter, 23, verse, we read\\nAnd every man with whom was found blue, and purple, and scarlet\\nand fine linen, and goat s hair brought them.\\nAgain in Exodus, xxxvi chapter, 14th verse\\nAnd he made curtains of goat s hair for the tent over the tabernacle\\neleven curtains he made them.\\nMention is made in other parts of the Bible, of fine linen\\nand goat s hair being spun by the women, which leaves no\\ndoubt that the ancients had learned a way of utilizing this fibre\\nat a very early period in the history of the world.\\nThe Turks, in Asia Minor, at one time employed as many\\nas 1200 looms in working up the fleece of the Angora goat,\\nwhich was cahed by them tiftik. It was not allowed to be ex-\\nported in a raw state, in order to give employment to many of\\nthe laboring classes of that country, through whose hands the\\nfibre had to pass in order to prepare it for the loom. As may\\nwell be supposed their methods were very primitive, and it is\\nsurprising to read of the beautiful fabrics that these ancient peo-\\nple made with their crude machinery. An EngHsh traveller, by", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "ii8 A Nczv Industry.\\nthe name of Capt. Conelly, referred to by Mr. Southey in his\\nwork on Colonial Wools, gives a very interesting description\\nof the manner in which this tiftik is manipulated. Capt.\\nConelly says\\nThe women of Angora moisten their carded goat s hair with much\\nspittle before they draw it from the distaff, and they assert that the qual-\\nity of the thread much depends upon this; nay, more, that in the melon\\nseason thpir yarn is incomparably better, as eating this fruit imparts a\\nmucilagenous quality to the saliva.\\nThe spinning of the thread is performed by men on a loom\\nwhich is descibed by the Hon. Israel H. Diehl in a report made\\nto the U. S. Department of Agriculture, as follows\\nThe fleece is first taken to a running stream, where it is washed by\\nhand and tramped under foot in the water. It is then spread upon the\\nsand to dry and bleach, after which it is assorted according to fineness,\\nlength, and purity. It is then hackled on a simple old-fashioned hack e\\nconsisting of a few dozen long iron nails driven through a board. After\\nhackling, the fleece is placed in bundles or rolls and spun into yarn, mostly\\nby the women and children. For this purpose a common distafif is used,\\nor a stick from 12 to 18 inches in length, with cross pieces, rendering it\\nabout equivalent to a large spool. It is then ready for the loom. This\\ninstrument in Angora is of the simplest and rudest construction, and of the\\nsame unvarying type, that has been used by countless generations. Asia-\\ntic industry is frugal in labor-saving processes; when once machinery\\nis brought to such a degree of efficiency as to render it barely possible for\\nan unlimited amount of labor to supplement and supply its deficiencies,\\nno further improvement is made. Men then subject themselves, their\\nminds and muscles, to a training which makes them almost a part of\\nthe machines they operate. Caucasian mind seeks to emancipate itself\\nfrom all unecessary labor by transferring it to machinery, thus leaving the\\nmental faculties free for intellectual labor. Each of its tasks it devolves\\nsuccessively upon inanimate matter, while it continually ascends to high-\\ner results. But this function of intelligence seems to be entirely ignored\\nby Asiatic mind, and Asiatic art.\\nThe Angora loom, of which engravings are presented, consists of\\ntwo upright posts, from four to six feet apart, planted in the ground and\\nrunning up through the floor (if there is one) to the roof of the house.\\nNear the top of these posts a cross bar is rudely fastened, often with\\nropes, from which the simple weaving apparatus is suspended by pulleys\\nand worked by treadles. These are located beneath the level of the floor,\\non the edge of which the weaver is seated. The woven cloth, passing", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "119\\n^iE=-^^iSE=sg=^ipiMffliBM I i i 11 ;ill\\n^^S^\u00c2\u00bb ^rs^lj^^ B^lajjiiu.^ggpv\\ni^r^-\\n0^iS^", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "Concerning the Manufaciure of Mohair. 121\\nround a roller in front of the weaver, is then drawn by weights over\\nanother roller above his head. These looms cost from $5.00 to $25.00,\\nsome of them being ornamented with rude carving.\\nThe ordinary expense of a loom is given at $20.00 per month. A\\nnumber of these looms are strung along the sides of the house, some\\nhouses containing as many as twenty looms. See Agtl. Dept. Report\\n1867, page 229.\\nDr. Hayes says\\nThe natives displayed great skill in making gloves, hosiery, and cam-\\nlets, for exportation, and summer robes of great beauty, for the Turkish\\ngrandees. The town of Angora flourished, and the whole population was\\nbusy and happy in the pursuit of their beautiful industry.\\nAfter the Greek Revolution the Turkish government was tempted\\nby British influence to admit free of duty, the products of European ma-\\nchinery and to permit the export of the raw tiftik. This fatal step was\\nthe death blow of the town of Angora.\\nThe whole product with the exception of 20,000 pounds only, still\\nworked at home, was exported to England. The looms employed were\\nreduced from 1200, to not more than 50; and the town, although having at\\nits command the raw material for a most important and characteristic\\nmanufacture, offers, in its sad decline, another monument to the desolating\\ninfluence of that system which would make the raw material of every\\ncountry tributary to the one great work-shop of the world. See Hayes,\\npage 03.\\nWhen we consider the fact that the Turks are now enjoy-\\ning benefits from a much greater number of goats than they\\nwould, probably, have ever had any use for under their primitive\\nway of v^ eaving mohair, it seems to me Dr. Hayes was hardly\\njustified in making the above statement. My personal opinion\\nis, the entire world has been largely benefited through the enter-\\nprise of English capital, and are today permitted to enjoy the\\nprivilege of using fabrics made from this valuable textile, which\\nwould not be the case if Sir Titus Salt had not invented proper\\nmachinery.\\nIN ENGLAND. Mohair was first shipped to England in\\na raw state in 1820. In that year a few bales came to that market\\nbut so little was the material appreciated that it only real-\\nized lOd per lb. (see Vol. XVI, Encyclopedia Britannica, page\\n5M.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "123 A Nczv Industry.\\nIt was fifteen or twenty years later, before any decided in-\\nterest was taken in the fibre, or about 1836, when Mr. (after-\\nwards Sir Titus Sah, a wool broker and manufacturer in\\nBradford, purchased a quantity of Alpaca in Liverpool at Sd\\nper lb. and set himself to discover its capabilities (see Vol. I,\\npage 598, Encyclopedia Britannica.) Dr. Hayes quotes from\\nJames History of the Worsted Manufacturer, the following\\nvery interesting account of the matter\\nThe first marketable fabric from alpaca wool produced in Europe\\nwas made about 1832 by Benjamin Outram, a scientific manufacturer of\\nGreetland, near Halifax, England, who surmounted the obstacles en-\\ncountered in spinning the slippery fibre and eventually produced an article\\nfor ladies carriage shawls and cloakings which were sold at high prices on\\naccount of the novelty of the fabrics. Owing to the cheapness of the\\nwool during the first years of its consumption, about eight pence, it\\nwas occasionly employed, instead of Lincoln hogs wool for manufac-\\nturing lastings and camlet warps. In 183 2 some enterprising merchants\\nin Liverpool directed their agents in Peru to purchase, and ship to Eng-\\nland all the parcels of alpaca wool they could meet with, which being\\nsent to the Bradford district was spun and manufactured by several parties\\nthere. The pieces chiefly made were figured goods with a worsted warp,\\nand alpaca weft, the figures being raised and lustrous. They did not re-\\nmain long in vogue. The use of alpaca wool with the worsted warp, the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2only combination hitherto tried, would doubtless have declined, like that\\nof other mere novelties in the textile manufacture, if a new combmation\\nof alpaca wool had not been suggested by the introduction of the cotton\\nwarp from France into England in 1834, the most important event of the\\ncentury in the worsted industry of the world. The credit of combining\\nthe cotton warp with an alpaca weft, and of finally overcoming the dif-\\nficulties of preparing and spinning the alpaca wool, is awarded, by com-\\nmon consent, to Mr. (afterwards Sir) Titus Salt, who in 1839 was the\\nonly spinner of alpaca yarn in Bradford. The first successful manufacture\\nv/as in the production of what was termed Alpaca Orlea.is, and the first\\nconsiderable order was in June, 1839, for five hundred and sixty pieces,\\ntwenty-seven inches wide at forty-two shillings per piece. From this per-\\niod the manufacture rapidly extended, giving rise to the magnificent\\nestablishment of Sir Titus Salt at Saltaire, employing over 3,000 hands in\\nthe manufacture of alpaca and mohair goods exclusively, nearly doubling\\nthe price of English lustre wools which were employed in making imi-\\ntation alpacas, developing in Bradford tht. most characteristic and impor-\\ntant of its industries, and giving, in the black alpaca lustres, and its imi--\\ntations, with wool from Lincoln sheep, the most valuable fabric which\\nhas been created for female wear during the present century. See Hayes\\npages 153 and 154.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "Concerning the Manufachire of Mohair. 123\\nThe quantity of alpaca imported into England from 1836\\nto 1840 averaged only 560,800 pounds yearly. (See Ency-\\nclopedia Britannica, Vol. I, p. 598.) The character of this\\nfibre being very similar to the fleece of the Angora goat in length,\\nlustre, and fineness, Sir Titus naturally looked to Asia Minor\\nfor their supply of mohair, and even with the addition of this\\nprc duct, which in 1836 (the first record of imports into England)\\nreached 680,000 pounds, he did not have a sufficient supply of\\nraw material to meet the demand for his manufactured fabrics,\\nand it was this that encouraged the culture of the Angora goat in\\nother countries. The supply of alpaca it would seem is limited\\nto Peru. It has been nearly uniform for many years, and is es-\\ntimated to be about 5,000,000 lbs. per annum, at this time, with\\nvery little probability of its ever being increased very largely.\\nStimulated by the increased demand for mohair, which ad-\\nvanced very steadily from about 20c per lb. in 1836, to 90c m\\n18G3, the Turks rapidly increased their number of Mohair goata\\nby crossing on the common Kurd goat of their country,\\nand with the successful culture of the animal in South Africa,\\nthe supply of raw material increased quite as fast as was neces-\\nsary, the annual product of both kinds (Alpaca and Mohair) be-\\ning estimated now at 25,000,000 lbs.\\nIn 1853, Sir Titus Salt erected in Bradford, England, the\\nlargest Mohair mill in the world, which practically gave him the\\ncontrol of the trade, of which he continued to be the head up to\\nthe time of his death which took place in 1876. This great es-\\ntablishment received its first check in prosperity with the intro-\\nduction of the fine all-wool French Cashmere goods, which fin-\\nally caused the firm of Sir Titus Salt, Bart Co. to suspend in\\n1880 (see Bulletin Natl. Ass. Wool Mfr. Dec. 1895, page 320).\\nA statue of Sir Titus Salt was erected in Bradford, in honor\\nof the man, and as a slight recognition of the great service he\\nhad rendered the world, and the direct benefit he had been to\\nhis own home, during an active life of more than half a century.\\nIN THE UNITED STATES. The United States was\\nslow in taking hold of. this new textile, and it was not until a", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": ".VCTC I lldllStl\\n(|u; .rtiM ol ;i ccn(iir\\\\ al k r it had l)C(. ii introduced into l^n^iaiid\\ntliat any attiMnpt was inado 1)\\\\ Annrican manufacturers to use\\nit. In Mr. field s \\\\cr\\\\ inti rcslinj;- paper on The Ooat, jiul)-\\nhshed in the tl. I ept. l\\\\eporl ot IS(i; he sa\\\\s\\nMacliiiUTv is now hriiii.; errotod, and inM-lcclcil hy llu l,o\\\\\\\\i.-ll. I a-\\ncifu-, and (mIut mills, (o work up this Ili i Ci and nianuiarturo llu Tnu St\\nfal)rics, llnis only awailin,^ lln wauds adapleil and slahlishin.L;- a mar-\\nket. v ^eo V. S. A-ll. Report 1S(1:!, pa.^c L -JD.\\nIt would seem lio\\\\\\\\i. \\\\er that these mills diil not accomplish\\nvery nnudi. In ISdC, under the ;;dnhnistration of rresiileut\\nJohnson, the lion. Isaac Xewlon, onunissioner of .Vorieulture,\\ncalled attention to the matter in his report for that ear, as iu\\\\-\\nlow s\\nTwo mounU d spreinu ns ol llu Aii.^ora .miat lia\\\\-o heen added to\\nthe museum, lo;_ elher wilh samjdes oi (lie wool, and \\\\arious iaJH-ics macle\\nfrom the same. iMie imporlatioii and hreedin;; ot these animals have at-\\nIraeted much aUenlion in eei lain see(i(u;s of the eounlry: their lleeees\\ncommand a hi.^h price and llu alne of their manufaetuiws would seem\\nto warrant the eneoura.^iii.L; attentiim of the 1 )ep:irl men!. See Rep(n-t of\\nA-tl. ISCd, pa-e II.\\nIt had been representcil for a lono- titne l)\\\\ those ititer-\\nesled in hjtohnul, that the process of maitttact tiritiL; mohair was\\nvery cxpettsiw, and that its manipitlatioti was kttowti otiK to a\\nvery lew, but these representations were foutui to he false, ami\\nwere douhtless circulated to discottra^e i ther countries from eti-\\n.^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ai;iui;- in the hitsiness. In ISiK; the I loti. Israel II. Diehl was\\ncommissioned hy the I tiitid v^tates Aofietiltural hepartmetit to\\nvisit I lttrope for tin- pitrpose of itix cstii^atin:.;- the tuatter, aiul,\\nif possible, to secttre such itiformatiott attd p.arlictilars as woidd\\nonabU the mamilact iirers {^i this coutitr\\\\ to make use o\\\\ the\\nAno ora j^ oat lleece. Me saw at the exhibitioti itt Taris, a i^reat\\nvariety (d machiner\\\\ for carditii; scrubbitio-, si iuuino- attd weav-\\ninji the libre which was claimed to ha\\\\e been made lari; eh- in\\nHraclford, b tt^latid, and Uotibeaitx, iM ance. and in his repi)rt to\\n(he .\\\\j.;itcttll ttral lV ])artment in IS(i he s^ ave a full tlcscriplion\\nof these machines toijcther with the names of matittfactttrers, etc.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "Concerning the Manufcuiure of Mohair. 125\\nCommissioner Newton adds the following with reference to\\nMr. Diehl s work\\nMr. Diehl visited the Paris Exposition, where he directed his at-\\ntention to the fabrics of various kinds of goat fleece. He was astonished\\nand delighted at the extent, variety, delicacy and exquisite beauty of the\\nspecimens contributed by the looms of Asia Minor, India, France, Eng-\\nland, Germany, and other \u00e2\u0096\u00a0ountries represented in this department of\\nthe Exposition. These manufactures consisted of shawls, camlets, chal-\\nlis, mohairs, poplins, velvets, delaines, hosiery, yarns, gowns, robes,\\nrugs, fur trimmings, tassels, etc. Some of them were made of pure goats\\nfleece, and others, of the fleece mixed with wool, cottons, silks, and other\\nfil^res, imparting to these compounds a lustre, strength, and durability,\\nwhich no other fibre, except silk, will secure. Nearly every nation rep-\\nresented at the Exposition presented some beautiful manufactures of goats\\nfleece. India, England, France, and Austria, seemed to excel in the more\\ndelicate fabrics, while Turkey exhibited the greatest variety and richness\\nof the raw material. See Agtl. Dept. Report, 1870, p. 226.\\nAnd in conclusion he says:\\nThe manufacture of Cashmere, camels hair and other shawls,\\nonce so flourishing in Asia, is greatly impaired, and, in many places,\\nentirely discontinued. But few of the once famous Cashmere shav/ls\\nhave been manufactured since the rise of the fatal competition of Lyons,\\nParis, Paisley, Vienna, and other manufacturing centers in Europe. Cau-\\ncausian capital and skill, aided by the elaborate contrivances of machinery,\\ncan now produce, at much lower prices, fabrics as delicate, and beautiful,\\nas the famous Cashmere shawls, though, doubtless, not so durable. The\\nimmediate introduction of this shawl weaving into the United States is\\nperhaps impracticable, though its final success here is but a question of\\ntime. The obstacles to be overcome are lack of skilled labor, of machin-\\nery, and of active home demand for fabrics of goat fleece.\\nNone of these, however, are very formidable. Sufficient labor and\\nmachinery can be imported to meet present necessities, while the ready\\nintelligence of our workingmen and the profound and subtle genius of\\nour inventors may be relied upon to surpass, very soon, our imported\\nmodels.\\nThe increasing taste and luxury fostered by the rapidly accumulat-\\ning wealth of the American people, and the enormous reduction in the\\ncost qf manufacturing this beautiful staple from the fancy prices hitherto\\ncommanded by Oriental manufacture, will soon create a permanent home\\ndemand. This will give a comfortable support to a large industrial pop-\\nulation, and assist in arresting the increasing drain upon our circulating\\nmedium, caused by large importations of manufactures of wool, cotton,\\nsilk, and flax, a matter of no small importance in the present financial\\ncondition of the country. See Agtl. Dept. Report 1807, page 230.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "i.?6 A New Indnslry.\\nThrough the influence of this information quite a number\\nof American manufacturers decided to import machinery for the\\npurpose of manufacturing Mohair, and the use of it has steadily\\nincreased ever since, and is constantly being applied in making\\nnew fabrics which are always attractive and popular. Referring\\nto the Application of Products in 1868, Dr. Hayes says\\nIt has been already stated that mohair is not a substitute for wool,\\nbut that it occupies its own place in the textile fabrics. It has the as-\\npect, feel and lustre of silk, without its suppleness. It differs materially\\nfrom wool in the want of the felting cjuality, so that the stufifs made of it\\nhave the fibres distinctly separated and are always brilliant. They do not\\nretain the dust or spots, and are thus particularly valuable for furniture\\ngoods. The fibre is dyed with great facility, and is the only textile fibre\\nwhich takes equally the dyes destined for all tissues. On account of the\\nstiffness of the fibre it is rarely woven alone; that is, when used for the fill-\\ning, the warp is usually of cotton, silk or wool, and the reverse. It is not\\ndesired for its softness in addition to silkiness, such qualities as are found\\nin Cashmere and Mauchamp wool; but for the elasticity, lustre,\\nand durability of the fibre with sufficient fineness to enable it to be\\nspun. Those who remember the fashions of thirty or forty years ago\\nmay call to mind the camlets so extensively used for cloaks and other\\nouter garments, and will doubtless remember that some were distinguished\\nfor their peculiar lustre and durability, which was generally attributed\\nto the presence of silk in the tissue. These camlets were woven from mo-\\nhair. Its lustre and durability peculiarly fit this material for the manufac-\\nture of braids, buttons, and bindings, which greatly outwear thosp of\\nsilk and wool. The qualities of lustre and elasticity particularly fit this\\nmaterial for its chief use, the manufacture of Utrecht velvets, commonly\\ncalled furniture plush, the finest qualities of which are composed princi-\\npally of mohair; the pile being formed of mohair warp, which are cut\\nin the same manntr \u00c2\u00a3s s Ik warps in velvets. Upon pass ng the finger light-\\nly over the surface of the best mohair plushes, the rigidity and elasticity of\\nthe fibre will be distinctly perceived. The fibre springs back to its original\\nuprightness when any pressure is removed. The best mohair plushes are al-\\nmost indestructible. They have been in constant use on certain railroad cars\\nin the covmtry for over twenty years without wearing out. They are now\\nsought by all the best railroads in the country as the most enduring of all\\ncoverings, an unconscious tribute to the remarkable qualities of this\\nfibre. The manufacture of Utrecht velvets at Amiens, in France, con-\\nsumes 500,000 pounds of mohair, which is spun in England. 10,000 work-\\nmen were employed in weaving these goods at Amiens, in 1855, the pro-\\nduct being principally sent to the United States. The mohair plushes are\\nmade of yarns from No. 26 to No. 70; the tissties made of the former num-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "Concerning the Manufacture of Mohair. 127\\nber. are worth four francs per metre, and of the latter ten francs per metre,\\nshowing the importance of preserving the fineness of the fleece. A med-\\nium article is made extensively in Prussia, of yarns spun from an admix-\\nture of mohair with combing wool; but it is wanting in the evenness of\\nsurface and brilliant reflections, or bloom, of the French goods. Mohair\\nyarn is employed largely in Paris, Nismes, Lyons, and Germany, for the\\nmanufacture of laces, which are substituted for the silk-lace fabrics of\\nValenciennes and Chantilly. The shawls frequently spoken of as made\\nof Angora wool are of a lace texture, and do n.ot correspond to the Cash-\\nmere, or Indian shawls. The shawls known as Llama shawls are made of\\nmohair. I have seen one at Stewarts wholesale establishment, valued\\nat $80.00, weighing only two and one-third ounces. Mohair is also large-\\nly consumed at Bradford, in England, in the fabrication of light summer\\ngoods. They are woven with warps of silk and cotton, principally the\\nlatter, and the development of this manufacture is due principally to the\\nimprovements in making fine cotton warps the combination of wool with\\nmohair not being found advantageous. These goods are distinguished\\nby their lustre, and by the rigidity of the fabric. All the mohair yarns\\nused in Europe are spun in England, the English having broken down, by\\ntemporary reduction of prices, all attempts at spinning in France. Suc-\\ncessful experiments at spinning and weaving Angora fabrics have been\\nmade in this country, as shown by the samples of yarn spun by Mr. Cam-\\neron, and the dress goods spun and woven by Mr. Fay of the Lowell\\nManufacturing Co., from Angora wool grown by Mr. Chenery of Bel-\\nmont, Mass. Before the demand for this material for dress goods, and\\nplushes, mohair was largely used in Europe, and this country, for last-\\nings for fine broadcloths, the lustrous surface acting as a frame, in a\\npicture, to set off the goods. This use is now abandoned. Mohair is\\nnow extensively used to form the pile of certain styles of plushes used for\\nladies cloakings; also for the pile of the bst fabrics style Astrachans.\\nNarrow strips of the skin of the Angora, with the fleece attached, have been\\nrecently in fashion for trimmings, and great prices were obtained for a lim-\\nited number of the pelts for this purpose. The skins with the fleece at-\\ntached will always bring high prices for foot rugs, on accotmt of their\\npeculiar lustre, and the advantages they possess over those made of wool,\\nin not being liable to felt. (See Hayes, pp. 37, 38, 39.)\\nAnd in a subsequent edition of iiis work in 1882 he adds\\nI have but little to add to the observations in my original essay upon\\nthe various applications of mohair. I have mentioned its application at\\nBradford in the manufacture of light dress goods. I did not mention the\\nfar more extensive use to which mohair until very recently has been ap-\\nplied, for more substantial fabrics, which for a time were in great vogue\\nfor ladies dress goods, called brilliantines or lustres, a black fabric", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "is8 A Neiv Industry.\\nof peculiarly brilliant lustre. Fabrics of this class, composed of mohair,\\nmade by the Arlington Mills of Lawrence, Mass., and the Farr Alpaca\\nCompany of Holyoke, Mass., received high commendation from the Eng-\\nlish judges at our Centennial Exhibition. Through a singular freak of\\nfashion, more particularly referred to in the appendix, the lustre fabrics\\nhave ceased, temporarily, to be in demand, thus dispensing with the most\\nimportant use of mohair, and causing its present reduced price at Brad-\\nford, which rules the prices for the rest of the world. Another very im-\\nportant application of mohair, as affected by fashion, is in the manufac-\\nture of black fabrics for the lining of men s garments, of the more expen-\\nsive class. I have a great-coat with a mohair lining, which has been ni\\nuse for five years. The cloth is worn out, but the lining, which at first\\nglance would be mistaken for silk, does not show the slightest trace of\\nwear or fraying in the most exposed parts. There could be no more con-\\nclusive evidence of the ex -raordinary wearing qualities of this fibre, and\\nof its adaptation to hundreds of uses to which it has not yet been applied.\\nThe English letter given below shows that mohair is still extensively\\nused at Bradford for making yarns for Utrecht velvets, generally called\\nin this country mohair plush. This fabric has of late come into greatly\\nincreased demand, both for furniture coverings and railroad car uphol-\\nstery, as it is not only sightly, but the most enduring fabric produced by\\nthe textile industry. The manufacture of Utrecht velvets has not been\\nattempted in this country; it waits only for an abundant home supply of\\nmohair. The consumption of this fabric by the railroads of the United\\nStates alone would require the mohair from many hundred thousands ani-\\nmals. Other applications of mohair would suggest themselves to manu-\\nfacturers if there were an assurance of an abundant supply of raw material.\\nThat but slight difficulties are to be encountered in the manipulation of\\nthis material is shown in the following letter from a practical English man-\\nufacturer, whose modesty forbids the mention his name, but whose entire\\nreliability I can vouch for.\\nEngland, Aug. 16th, 1881.\\nJohn E- TTayes, Esq., 95 State Street Boston:\\nDear Sir\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Your esteemed favor of the 3rd inst. is duly to hand. I\\nhasten, as a practical man in the manipulation of mohair, to give you a\\nsketch, or short essay, on its spinning and working.\\nIts grozvth, as you well know, is from two districts, or I may state\\nthree, viz.\\n1. Asia Minor, about 4,800,000 pounds\\n2. The Cape 1,600,000 pounds\\n3. California 350,000 pounds\\nAustralia and the rest of the world 25,000 pounds\\nGingeline, also Asia Minor 120,000 pounds\\nVan. also Asia Minor 240,000 pounds\\n7,135,000", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "Concerning the Mannfacturc of Mohmr. 129\\nWith a chance of this seven millions being doubled in a few years, not\\nby the Turks, but by the Natalians, or South Africaners, and the Ameri-\\ncans, whose countries are endless for its growth. So far, therefore, as\\nto the quantity now produced.\\nIts manipulation is similar to the Lincoln wether wool. It is sorted\\ninto various qualities or grades, both for color and dyeing, but these\\nmay be said to be really\\nNo. 20, the breech, amounting to 2 per cent.\\nNo, 32, the next sort 45 per cent.\\nNo. 36, the next sort 27 per cent.\\nNo. 40, the next sort 8 per cent.\\nNo. 50 and GO, the next sort 3.50 per cent.\\nShorts and kempy pieces 14.50 per cent.\\n100\\nAs many as twenty-four sorts are sometimes made, but really about\\nnine sorts are enough. Its combing is simple. Lister s machine is all\\nyou require. In order to get your top quite clear of kemp, you take what\\nis called a milking, or backing noil out, and this either recombed or\\nmixed ofif with the low sorts. To get clear and good tops it is necessary\\nto comb them twice.\\nIts drawing is perhaps the most difficult operation, as you must have\\na perfectly even and level roving so as to prevent curl.\\nIts spinning requires nothing more than the ordinary skill. Be sure\\nand avoid curl. You must have the common flyer. Cap, or ring, spin-\\nning won t do; the hairs, or kemps, fly so, and make your thread rough.\\nSpeed not more than 2,500.\\nIts twisting also must be done on fl}^ twisters, for the same smooth\\nreasons.\\nThe Yarn and its Uses Tl e chief use is for Utrecht velvets and imi-\\ntation seal skins, then braids, etc.; in former fashions, alpaca lustres.\\nYarns for Utrecht velvets, seals and braids are all 2-fold, and\\nthe counts vary from 2-fold 32 s, to 50 s, for Utrecht velvets;\\nfrom 2-fold 18 s, to 60 s, for imitation seals; and also single\\nI s, and 2-fold 6 s, for nigger heads, and astrachans; from 2-fold\\n32 s to 60 s for braids, and also 2-fold 32 s for ice yarn, used for ladies\\nfingerings, and single 30 s to 40 s for alpaca lustres and mohair glaces.\\nSo far, then, I give you a rough sketch of the sorting, combing\\ndrawing, spinning and twisting; and for your inspection, send you the\\nenclosed list of samples, with such remarks as may be of interest to you.\\nAlways at your service, and thanking you for past kindnesses,\\nI am, yours, faithfully,\\n(See Hayes, pp. 72, 73 and 74.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "^30\\nA New Industry.\\nIt is estimated we have in the United States at the pres-\\nent time forty-nine manufacturers, who are using mohair, dis-\\ntril)uted as follows:\\nin Connecticut 1 Mill\\nIn Maine 11 Mills\\nIn Massachusetts 13 Alills\\nAnd six woolen mills who use some mohair\\nat times for dress goods.\\nIn New Jersey 1 Mill\\nIn New York o Worsted Mills\\nIn New York 1 Braid Mill\\nIn New York 3 Hatters\\nIn Pennsylvania 7 Mills\\nIn Rhode Island 3 Mills\\nIn addition to the above, are a number of dress goods man-\\nufacturers who occasionly use mohair either raw, or in yarn, to\\nmix with wool in dress goods and fancy efifects, also about a\\ndozen knitters and some cap manufacturers who consume some.\\nThe amount of mohair consumed by the above mills is dif-\\nficult to learn, as a considerable amount passes through the\\nhands of dealers in the interior and some is shipped direct to\\nmills l)y the grower. The following table of imports is taken\\nfr(^m the National Association of Wool Manufacturers Bulle-\\ntin for December, 1895, which is now very efficiently edited by\\nMr. S. N. D. North, the successor to Dr. John L. Hayes, who\\ndied in the spring of 1887:\\nExports of Mohatr to the United States for Five Years.\\nFList (if January t-o Thtrty-Urst of December. 1890 i o 1894.\\nPackages\\nPounds\\nValue\\nDuring- the year 1890\\nDuring the year 1891\\nDuring the year 1892\\nDuring the year 1893\\nDuring the year 1894\\nAlso 1st Jan. to 30th Sept., 1895\\n.A.verage Exports per .\\\\nnum, 1890 to 1894.\\n1,624\\n8,594\\n7,117\\n2,767\\n4,743\\n12,297\\n4,969\\n437,319\\n1,536,105\\n1,166,473\\n541,770\\n861,123\\n2,061,549\\n908,558\\n24,604\\n87,577\\n67,537\\n27,094\\n48,229\\n130,196\\n51,008", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "Concerning the Mannfaciure of Mohair. ISl\\nIt will be observed that the importations from year to year\\nvary largely, which is explained by the changes in fashions\\nfor ladies dress goods. It is safe to say however, that the\\nannual consumption of mohair at the present time (1900) will\\naverage 2,000,000 lbs. of which about 1,200,000 lbs. is imported\\nand 800,000 lbs. is produced in our own country. Plushes,\\nupholstery goods, linings and buggy robes, are regarded as\\nstandard, and affords a regular demand, for a very considerable\\namount of the product, which is steadily increasing.\\nIn 1882 Dr. Hayes estimated that 562,000 lbs. of mohair was\\nrequired annually for making plush for the covering of railroad\\ncar seats alone and it is safe to say that 750,000 lbs. of this fab-\\nric are consumed for this purpose at the present time (1900) if\\nnot more. In addition to this, upholsters goods, linings and\\nbuggy robes call for fully as much more, which lepresents 1,500,-\\n000 lbs. of this material, taken for standard goods, consumed in\\nthe United States alone.\\nOther countries will soon learn of the lasting qualities of\\nthis fibre, and it is very reasonable to believe that a large export\\ntrade will spring up for American manufactures of mohair as\\nsoon as our supply of raw material will justify it. Besides this,\\na great variety of other goods will be made, such as hosiery, knit\\nunderwear, etc., which will constantly increase the demand from,\\nmanufacturers, and if a proper tariff is maintained that will en-\\ncourage American farmers to engage in raising the Angora goat,\\nthere is little doubt but we will soon be enjoying a very great\\nbenefit from this new industry.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "PLATE XXXVIII.\\nDUG-OUT.\\nOften used in place of tents, for sbepherds, in permanent camps.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "Commercial Feectxires\\nof the\\nIrvd^stry.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XL\\nWHERE TO SELL MOHAIR, AND HOW IT IS GRADED.\\nI do not think I exaggerate when I say that, not one mer-\\nchant, in one thousand, has ever seen a bag of mohair, and not\\none, in fifty thousand, has any knowledge of the grades of it,\\nhow it is manipulated, or where it can be sold. A commission\\nmerchant, unless he makes a specialty of some certain product,\\nwall receive anything on earth upon consignment, from a bushel\\nof wheat to a steam locomotive, but it does not necessarily fol-\\nlow that he is competent to handle the same. I recall a circum-\\nstance of this nature, during my residence in St. Louis. It was\\nin the year 1874 that a commission merchant received several\\nlarge bags of Angora goat hair from one of his constituents,\\nwhich he had offered for sale to every one he could think of,\\nbut to no purpose. No one seemed to know what it was, and it\\nremained in store year after year, and was finally disposed of\\nfor a pittance, as filling for mattresses, or something of the kind.\\nI remember, distinctly, seeing the stuff, but at that time I did\\nnot know anything about mohair, and I only make mention of\\nthe matter now, to show how important it is for a producer to\\nselect a competent representative to sell his products through.\\nDuring the time this mohair was lying in a warehouse in\\nSt. Louis, the market value of it in England ranged between\\n70c and 90c a pound and the manufacturers in that country\\nwould have been glad to have bought it at that high price. There\\nwas little or no demand for it in this country, but if it had been\\nconsigned to a proper market, and to a mohair merchant, he\\nwould have shipped it to England, and have realized a proper\\nvalue for it.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "176 A Nctu Industry.\\nA great many owners of small flocks sell their clips, even at\\nthis late day, either to some speculator in the interior, or to\\ntheir local merchant, and, as a rule, receive a very small sum for\\nit. I have heard of mohair selling in this way for 17c per pound\\nin Texas, when I received 30c to 32c for a like kind through my\\nselling agents in New York.\\nThe value of mohair is largely governed by the caprice of\\nfashion. If the fashion for ladies dress favors lustre goods,\\nmohair is in greater demand and prices advance considerably.\\nIf fashion does not favor this class of goods, the trade is con-\\nfined to standard articles, such as plush, upholsteries, linings, etc.\\nfor w^hich there is always a demand at a more or less uniform\\nprice. The experience of many years in England has established\\nthe fact that 25c to 30c per pound is as low as good mohair\\nv/ill decline to, under most adverse conditions and, at this\\nprice, with well improved goats, the profit in raising them is\\nvery satisfactory.\\nLiverpool, London, and Bradford, England, are the great\\ncentral markets of the world for this product. The entire out-\\npur of Turkey and South Africa is sent there for sale, and it is\\nthen distributed to manufacturers in this country and Europe.\\nTlirough the courtesy of Messrs. Thomas Cook, I append a\\nlist of imports into England, from the very incipiency of the\\ntrade. These gentlemen appear to have been connected with\\nthe business from the very beginning and shared liberally in\\ntlie spirit of enterprise which extended the growth of this val-\\nuable fibre into South Africa. Indeed, Mr. Cook was named by\\nSir Titus Salt as the selling agent of all the mohair that was to\\nbe produced from one of the first flocks of goats that was sent\\nto that country in 1857, and from that day to the present time,\\nhis firm has been closely, and prominently, identified with the\\ntrade.\\nThe following is a list of the annual imports of mohair into\\nEngland from Turkey since the year 1836 and, from South Af-\\nrica, since the vear I860", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "Where to sell Mohair, and hozv it is Graded.\\n137\\nIMPORTS OF MOHAIR INTO ENGLAND FROM TURKEY.\\n1836\\n680,000\\n1857\\n2,826,000\\n1878\\n4,641,000\\n1837\\n400,000\\n1858\\n3,212,000\\n1879\\n5,831,000\\n1838\\n995,000\\n1859\\n2.160,000\\n1880\\n8,245,000\\n1839\\n1,250,000\\n1860\\n2,016,000\\n1881\\n4,221,780\\n1840\\n1,300,000\\n1861\\n2.800.000\\n1882\\n9,065,250\\n1841\\n781,000\\n1862\\n3,186,000\\n1883\\n7,256,960\\n1842\\n677,000\\n1863\\n1,985,000\\n1884\\n9,019,860\\n1843\\n575,523\\n1864\\n3,450,000\\n1885\\n6,373,640\\n1844\\n1,290,771\\n1865\\n5,000,000\\n1886\\n9,825.320\\n1845\\n1,013,000\\n1866\\n3,960,000\\n1887\\n5,612,550\\n1846\\n1,287,320\\n1867\\n1,080,000\\n1888\\n7,509,070\\n1847-\\n1,219,000\\n1868\\n6,714,000\\n1889\\n8,844,080\\n1848\\n2,101,000\\n1869\\n4.103.000\\n1890\\n4,120,220\\n1849\\n2,387,000\\n1870\\n2,340,000\\n1891\\n6,495,115.\\n1850\\n2,019,000\\n1871\\n7.488,000\\n1892\\n8,774,541\\n1851\\n2,122,000\\n1872\\n5,501.000\\n1893\\n8,005,887\\n1852\\n1,918,000\\nj 1873\\n7,666,000\\n1894\\n6,889,165\\n1853\\n2,916,509\\n1874\\n7.992,000\\n1895\\n11,900,000\\n1854\\n1,178,560\\n1875\\n5.321,000\\n1896\\n4,900,000\\n1855\\n2.520.000\\n1876\\n4,430,000\\n1897\\n10,700,000\\n1856\\n2,430,000\\n1877\\n5,984,000\\n1898\\n10,200,000\\nIMPORTS OF MOHAIR INTO ENGLAND FROM SOUTH AFRICA.\\n1860\\n385\\n1873\\n765,700\\n1886\\n5.420,000\\n1861\\n784\\n1874\\n1.030,000\\n1887\\n7,153,000\\n1862\\n1,030\\n1875\\n1.150,000\\n1888\\n9,598,000\\n1863\\n1,300\\n1876\\n1,330,000\\n1889\\n9,440,000\\n1864\\n8,100\\n1877\\n1,437,000\\n1890\\n9,230,000\\n1865\\n6,990\\n1878\\n1,360,000\\n1891\\n9,950,000\\n1866\\n21,000\\n1879\\n2,280,000\\n1892\\n10,516,000\\n1867\\n51.000\\n1880\\n2,590,000\\n1893\\n9,458,000\\n1868\\n103.000\\n1881\\n4,140.000\\n1894\\n9,600.000\\n1869\\n261,000\\n1882\\n3,776,000\\n1895\\n11,100,000\\n1870\\n405,000\\n1883\\n4.440,000\\n1896\\n10,000,000\\n1871\\n536,000\\n1884\\n4,320,000\\n1897\\n12,583,000\\n1872\\n876,700\\n1885\\n5,250,000\\n1898\\n10,000,000", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "1^8 A Nczv Industry.\\nIn the United States, the City of New York is the central\\nmarket. Mr. Wm. R. Payne of the firm of Wm. R. Payne\\nCo., is, perhaps, more intimately connected with the trade, than\\nany other merchant. He appears to have had a natural fondness\\nfor the business for there was very little profit in it for many\\nyears, yet he has always used his I3est efforts to build up the\\nbreeding industry, and has worked, unceasingly, to encourage\\nour government to bring in new blood from Turkey. He has\\nwritten to the press, and has been, and is now, always ready to\\ngive information to breeders, no matter how small they may be,\\nrelative to the business. He has very kindly assisted me\\nin getting information concerning the manner in which this pro-\\nduct is handled, and has aided me largely in other matters, for\\nwhich I feel under great obligation.\\nMessrs. Kitching Bicknell have also been prominent\\nfactors in building up the mohair industry, and enjoy the confi-\\ndence of a large number of breeders. In addition to these may\\nbe mentioned\\nJ. C. Ijnde r Co., New York.\\nJno. M. Emnott, New York.\\nJohn Finnigan Co.. New York.\\nHutchins Co.. P)Oston.\\nL. S. Fiskc Co.. Philadelphia.\\nWho handle more or less of the product.\\nThe amount of mohair consumed annually in the world can\\nonly be arrived at through the importations into England from\\nthe Cape of Good Hope, and from Turkey, added to the clip of\\nthe United States.\\nThe following table will, therefore, give a very fair idea of\\nthe world s present consumption\\nImports from South Africa to England 10,000,000 pounds\\nImports from Turkey to England 10,200,000 pounds\\nProduct of the United States 800,000 poundr.\\nTotal 21,000,000 pounds", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Where to sell Mohair, and how it is Graded. IS9\\nThis includes all classes, and, as much of the product of\\nSouth x^frica and the United States, is of a low, cross-bred, or-\\nder, short in staple, and kempy, much of it is only entitled to be\\ncalled mohair by courtesy.\\nEvery indication points to a large increase in the uses of\\nthis product, as may be readily inferred after reading the forego-\\ning chapter on manufacturing, and, that the raising of the An-\\ngora goat offers great inducement to the American farmer, ad-\\nmits of no argument. Indeed, conditions are more favorable\\nfor the culture of this animal in the United States, than any other\\ncountry, not excepting its native land, Asia.\\nThat the climate of the United States is peculiarly adapted\\nto the growth of both animal and vegetable fibre is evidenced by\\nthe wonderful development of our cotton product, a plant in-\\ntroduced in this country less than two hundred years ago, and\\nfor the past century has maintained supremacy over all other\\ngrowths. The development of the Spanish Merino sheep was\\nattempted first in England, as early as 1788, by King George\\nIII., but was abandoned, (see Ency. Brit. Vol. I, 303) and was\\ntaken up by Americans early in the 19th century, and carried to\\na successful termination, resulting in the established breed of\\nAmerican Merinos, which have been celebrated the world over\\nfor density of fleece, and fineness of fibre, for the past thirty\\nyears or longer. It is, therefore, not unreasonable to think\\nthat we will, sooner or later, take the lead of all nations in the\\nproduct of mohair, as we have done with cotton, and would cer-\\ntamly have done with wool, if it had not been for the vacillating\\npolicy of our law-makers relating to a protective tariff. As be-\\nfore stated, the demand for mohair is largely governed by the\\nfreaks of fashion, but for staple goods, such as plushes, uphol-\\nstery goods, finings, etc., there is always a regular demand for\\nsuch grades as are suitable for this class of manufactures, but,\\nthe dress goods, and braid trade is uncertain and variable. The\\nfollowing extract from Dr. Hayes work will convey some idea\\nof the enormous demand for plush alone, and it should be borne\\nin mind that the gfreat increase in railroad building since Mr.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "i/fo A Nezv Industry.\\nPoor s estimate was made (1882) will justify a very large increase\\non his figures at the present time. I think, too, that his estimate\\nshould have been made upon the basis of three pounds of fleece,\\nin place of four, which will largely increase his estimate of the\\nnumber of goats.\\nMr. H. V. Poor, the best American authority on railroads, informs\\nme that not less than three thousand new passenger cars are built in\\nthe United States annually for old roads, and the number is increasing\\nas new roads are built. Each passenger car has sixty seats, Four yards\\nof mohair plush are required for each seat. There are nine ounces of\\nmohair to a yard of plush, making 562,000 pounds of mohair for the\\nthree thousand cars. This divided by four, the average weight of the\\nfleece, shows that about 150,000 Ang ras would be required to furnish\\nthe raw material for this single fabric, which will never go out of fashion.\\n(See Hayes, p. 118.)\\nAs a rule, most of the American clip of mohair has to be\\ngraded to prepare it for sale, which is done by the commission\\nmerchant who receives it upon consignment. Very few breed-\\ners have been so careful in breeding as to have a perfectly uni-\\nform lot of goats, and their clips naturally show dilTerent strains\\nof blood, which makes grading a necessary feature in handling\\nit, when it reaches market. This shows the importance of hav-\\ning an experienced merchant to consign to, for it is pure guesr^-\\nwork to determine the value of a lot of mohair ungraded, yet,\\nit is often, and I may say, universallv done in the interior, when\\nit is sold to local merchants or to speculators, who generally\\nbuy in a lump, which explains the low price they usually pay.\\nBy a careful assortment of the different grades, the pro-\\nducer receives full compensation for h s product, and the manu-\\nfacturer is better satisfied, even after paying a premium over\\nwhat he had, figured on.\\nThe characteristics which govern the STadins: of mohair\\nare\\n1st. The finest fibre.\\n2d. The longest staple.\\n3d. The brightest lustre.\\n4th. The cleanest condition.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0152.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "Where to sell Mohair, and hotv it is Graded. 141\\nEach merchant has liis own method of grading, which I\\nconsider wrong in principle. There should be a standard grade,\\nin niy opinion, so that when quotations are named for any par-\\nticular grade of mohair, you may know it is not of this, or that,\\nmerchants grading, but a National standard grade, agreed to\\nby all concerned in the trade. This is a very confusing element in\\nmany of our agricultural products, notably wool, which is hand-\\nled very much in the same manner as mohair, and it is really\\nimpossible to determine what the market value of wool is by\\nreading a market report of prices, unless you happen to be fa-\\nmiliar with the grades of the market. Each selling market of\\nthis product has a distinct and separate set of terms for different\\ngrades of wool, which the merchant and dealers in that market,\\nof course, understand, but to the people at large is a perfect\\nenigma. If standard grades could be agreed upon, as is follow-\\ned by the cotton trade in cur country, it would simplify matters,\\nand would result in great benefit to producers. Of course, this\\nreform can only come about by concert of action on the part of\\nmerchants engaged in the trade, and it is to be hoped, after our\\nmohair industry has reached proportions to justify it, they will\\nunite upon some uniform plan for grading which will be agree-\\nable to all\\nThe method of grading mohair at this time is to first class-\\nify it into three large divisions, viz\\n1st. Combing.\\n2d. Carding.\\n3d. Coarse.\\nThese are again sub-divided by grades into the following:\\nCOMBING MOHAIR.\\nXX Combing, or very finest, of 6 inches, and above.\\nNo. 1 Combing, or second finest, of six inches and above.\\nNo. 2 Combing, or third finest, of 6 inches, and above.\\nBraid Combing, or fourth finest, of 6 inches, and above.\\nFine baby combing, a No. 1 medium staple, 5 to (i mch\\nstaple.\\nMedium Combing, a No. 2 medium staple, 5 to 6 inch staple.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0153.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "i4 2 A Nczv Industry.\\nCARDING MOHAIR.\\nCarding- No. 1, and kid, less than 5 inches.\\nCarding No. 2, less than 5 inches.\\nBlanket All cross-bred, of a low medium grade.\\nCOARSE MOHAIR.\\nCarpet Next lower quality.\\nCommon goat White and gray.\\nBurry, and seedy.\\nBlack Fleeces.\\nLocks, Breech, and Manes.\\nIn determining value of mohair it is manifest that a fleece\\nhaving the\\nVery finest fibre.\\nThe longest staple.\\nThe brightest lustre, and\\nThe cleanest condition\\nwould be considered the most valuable, and form a standard by\\nwhich all other qualities are fixed. As there are variations from\\nthis ideal standard, in respect to all four points running through\\nthe whole scale of grades, so the values vary.\\nTHE TURKISH SYSTEM.\\nIn Turkey, as a rule, each Province, or Vilayet, produces\\nmohair that differs in character, condition, etc. The stock is\\nr.sually assorted in Constantinople, and classified as louovvs;\\nChoice.\\nSuperior.\\nGood Average.\\nAverage.\\nOrdinary.\\nThe white hair is separated from yellow, and stained and,\\nall gray, brown, and fav/n, colors, are graded out. Then each\\nProvince s hair is sold under its own name, such as Angora,\\nTscherkess, Kastombol, Ishkissier, Geridah, Bei-\\nbax.ar, etc.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0154.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "Where to sell Mohair, and hozv it is Graded. 14s.\\nBut, in addition to these factors m fixing value there is\\nanother feature that has to be considered. Mohair, being chiefly\\nused in the manufacture of Worsted yarns, has to be combed,\\nthe proportion of short, woolly, and kempy, undergrowth, and\\nall shortfibres of puremohair, therefore, hastobeconsidered. This\\nis called Noilage. When the mohair at the mill has been sorted\\nit is called matchings and, after scouring, is put in a machine\\ncalled a comb. The first operation takes out the very bottom\\nof wooly fibre, and whatever kemp there is, with, very often,\\nspecks of vegetable fibre, seeds, etc., which is called first comb-\\ning noils.\\nThe second passage through the comb, separates all the\\nmohair fibres, too short to spin into worsted yarn. This pro-\\nduct is called the second combing noils, and is a mohair fibre,\\nbut quite short.\\nThe long fibres are arranged parallel in a long, continuous\\nband called Top, from which it is .spun into yarn. It is quite\\nevident that the less noils, and the more top, a lot of mohair\\nyields, the more profitable, and valuable, it is.\\nTurkish mohair averages from 10 per cent, to 20 per cent.\\nnoils, while the American clip ranges from 22 per cent, to 40\\nper cent., hence the relative difference in value.\\nA few American clips are quite as free from noils as the\\nTurkish mohair, and commands an equal price in market; and,\\nthere is no reason, if proper care is used in shearing the goats,\\nwhy a large amount of our clip should not occupy the same po-\\nsition. The value of combing hair increases with every inch\\nin length, other factors being equal.\\nThe very coarse-fibred hair, from old bucks and wethers,\\nwhen twelve inches and over is used for doll s hair, for wigs, and\\nartificial gray hair for ladies, and ranges in value from 50c to 75c\\nper pound.\\nThe following table will give the price at which mohair has\\nsold in England since 185G, which is taken from the Bulletin of\\nthe National Wool Manufacturer s Association for December,\\n1895", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0155.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "144 Nezv Industry.\\nPRICES OF MOHAIR IN ENGLAND SINCE 1856.\\n1856 48 cents\\n1857 {j cents\\n1858 60 cents\\n1859 72 cents\\n1860 76 cents\\n1861 76 cents\\n1862 78 cents\\n1863 90 cents\\n1864 78 cents\\n1865 66 cents\\n1866 88 cents\\n1867 90 cents\\n1868 5i cents\\n1859 86 cents\\n1870 98 cents\\n1871 78 cents\\n1872 90 cents\\n1873 Q{) cents\\n1874 T O cents\\n1875 .82 cents\\n1876 .62 cents\\n1877 56 cents\\n1878 62 cents\\n1879 36 cents\\n1880 cents\\n1881 38 cents\\n1882 45 cents\\n1883 40 to 43 cents\\n1884 37 to 45 cents\\n1885 28 to 38 cents\\n1886 23 to 32 cents\\n1887 .25 to 29 cents\\n1888 24 to 28 cents\\n1889 25 to 42 cents\\n1890 27 cents\\n189] 24 cents\\n1892 24 to 29 cents\\n1893 37 cents\\n1894 27 to 31 cents\\n1895 28 to 64 cents", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0156.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII.\\nHOW TO PREPARE MOHAIR FOR MARKET.\\nIn shearing goats it is very important that the cHpping\\nshould be as close to the skin as possible, as the longer the hair\\nis the more money it will command in market. One of the re-\\ncently patented shearing machines is probably the best method\\nof taking off the fleece as it will insure a uniform staple, which\\nis a very important feature. If ordinary wool shears are used,\\ntry and make one clip of the shears do the work. It is quite\\ncommon with nearly all professional shearers, when they are\\npaid by the head, to run over their work as fast as they can, in\\norder to earn as much as possible during the day. Quite a rivalry\\nexists among a gang, usually, as to which one can shear the\\nfastest, and it is quite common for them to cut the hair into sev-\\neral pieces unless you are watching them, and insist upon their\\nbeing more careful. The short hairs are of very little value, as\\nexplained in the foregoing chapter, and, when too short, will fly\\naway in handling, which is a complete loss. If the fleeces are of\\ndifferent lengths, the longest mohair should be kept separate.\\nCoarse, kempy, hair (quite common in low grades of goats),\\nshould not be mixed with the better grades, as it will reduce the\\nselling price of the liner hair. The beard of the animal is of\\nbut little value and should not be removed.\\nThe most approved method for shearing, perhaps, is to first\\nshear the locks, and short belly hair, and then take off the\\nfleece proper, which should be kept in tact, as far as possible,\\nfolding each fleece separate, and placing it in a bag as soon as\\nshorn.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0157.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "1^6 A Nciv Industry.\\nIt is not necessary to tie the fleece with twine. If any of\\nthe hair contains burrs, or any vegetable, or foreign matter,\\nit should be packed separate and all black, and off-colored\\nfleeces should be kept together.\\nKid fleeces will command a premium and, if there are\\nenough of them, to make a package of any reasonable size, it is\\nwell not to mix them with the older hair.\\nThe ordinary wool sack is commonly used for shipping,\\nand between 150 to 175 pounds is quite enough to pack in a six\\nfoot sack. More than this can be tramped into it, but it is best\\nnot to pack too tight.\\nSome breeders, more particularly in New Mexico, put their\\nmohair up in compressed bales like cotton. This is a very poor\\nplan, as it must be assorted, and classified by the merchant,\\nwhen it reaches its destination, and if it is loosely packed, it fa-\\ncilitates the handling of it, and always presents a better appear-\\nance than when all the life has been squeezed out of it by\\npressing.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0158.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII.\\nTHE TRADE IN ANGORA GOAT SKINS, AND HOW 1*0\\nPREPARE THEM FOR MARKET\\nQuite an extensive trade is carried on in Angora goat\\nskins.\\nNo less than twenty thousand pelts are imported every year\\nthrough the port of New York, alone, from Turkey and South\\nAfrica, which are graded according to the length of hair, fullness\\nof fleece and weight.\\nTurkish skins usually range from $1.50 for five pound skins\\nup to $3.50 for a ten pound skin.\\nThe Cape skin (the term Cape is applied to it because it is\\nshipped through the Cape of Good Hope) is sold by weight,\\nand ranges from twenty-five to thirty cents per pound.\\nThe Domestic skin is very much like Cape s, and sells for\\nabout the same price though, if they are well fleeced and prop-\\nerly cured will bring $2.00 to $2.50.\\nThe kid skin sells at from 25 cents to 50 cents each, accord-\\ning to quality and condition.\\nCuring, is a very important matter, and the market value is\\nlargely governed by it.\\nIt is not at all uncommon for the American breeder to throw\\nhis raw skin upon a fence rail, a barbed wire fence, or in the\\ncrotch of a tree, if that should be the most convenient place,\\nand then he wonders why it is that the Turkish skins bring so\\nmuch more money in market than his do.\\nThe Turks are very careful to remove all flesh, and to salt\\nthe skin thoroughly, and then dry it in a shady place. If it is\\ndried in the sun it will get sunburned, which is injurious.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0159.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "148 A Nctv Industry.\\nIf salt is not to be had, they can be cured nicely by stretching\\nthem out on the floor of a room, and tacking them down by the\\nedge of the skin, wlicre it should remain until perfectly dry. If\\nit is not stretched out and tacked down, it will curl up into all\\nkinds of shape, which explains the reason why many of the do-\\nmestic skins sell so poorlv.\\nSkins that are dried in the manner last mentioned are liable\\nto be damaged by the hide bug,, and should be sent to market\\npromptly if the weather is hot.\\nThey can be poisoned, however, by sprinkling the flesh side\\nof the pelt with a solution of arsenic (I3/2 ounces of arsenic to 1\\ngallon of water), and can be kept for some time in this way.\\nThe dry-salt method is much the more convenient, as they\\ncan be salted in a store room and placed on top of each other\\nmitil you decide to send them to market, when they should be\\nlaid out on the floor, the salt carefully removed, with a broom,\\nand then thoroughly dried, when they are in condition to be\\nbundled, or baled, for shipment.\\nFifty skins make a very convenient sized bale.\\nIt may not be generally known that the goat family is sup-\\nplying nearly all of the so-called fur that is now being used\\nby our fashionable people. If you will ask any (honest) furrier\\nhe will tell you that the great bulk of his carriage robes, over-\\ncoats, capes, etc., are made from the common goat skin, and\\nthis alone should be encouragement enough for farmers to\\nbecome interested in the Angora, for there is no product that\\ncommands such good prices as furs.\\nThe bufifalo, which were once so common in the United\\nvStates as to be hardly worth the skinning, are now not quoted\\nat all, owing to the complete extermination of the animal.\\nBear, are likewise, very scarce, and sell at prices ranging\\nfrom $10.00 to $50.00. There are very few seal, otter, and\\nbeaver; and, at the present rate of c nsumption, and the high\\nprices that are being offered and paid for them, these will soon\\nbe exterminated as well.\\nThe Hudson s Bay Company, and similar concerns, have\\nbeen supplying a demand for furs for the past hundred years or", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0160.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "Angora Goat Skins and liozv to Prepare for Market. 14^\\nmore, which has come from all portions of the globe and, when\\nwe reflect upon the enormous number of wild animals that ex-\\nisted on this continent in the early days, a fair idea can be formed\\nof the unlimited extent that this trade possesses. The buffalo,\\nfor instance, roamed from the North to the South in droves\\nthat were, at times, so enormous that, when they were on the run.\\nwould make the very earth tremble. Up to within twenty years\\nIhese great droves of bufTalo were often seen in Texas, but they\\nhave all disappeared, and the animal is not to be seen now any-\\nwhere, except in some city park or menagerie.\\nIs there any wonder then, at the fabulous prices that are\\nbeing offered and paid for furs? The great advance in price\\nis indicative of how sorely the human family miss this great\\ngift from nature. But they are all gone or will be very soon,\\nand a substitute, in the form of manufactured fabrics, will have\\nto be used to afford the warmth that these wild animal skins\\nhave done for so many centuries.\\nThe ox, and the cozv, are being largely employed in this\\nrespect; and, the cat, and rabbit, are also being brought into use,\\nwhich were seldom ever used before, owing to the delicate nature\\nof their skins. Individuals have resorted to propagating the\\nblack skunk, and have found it a very profitable business, and, if\\nit were not for the great expense of feeding the animal a dog\\nranch would pay as large a profit as raising cattle.\\nIn the Angora goat, we have, perhaps, the most perfect sub-\\nstitute for animal fur that can be found. The skin can be taken\\nat various stages in the growth of the hair, and can be made to\\nrepresent very many of the wild animal skins so perfectly that\\nthey can hardly be detected from the genuine. The monkey skin\\nmuff and boa, that are so commonly worn by young ladies, are\\nnothing else but the straight-haired goat, dyed black and, much\\nof the so-called Astrachan, is the curly-haired Angora skin,\\ntaken when the hair is only about one month s growth.\\nThe hear is another skin that the goat can duplicate, and,\\nwhen properly dyed, will defy the most expert furrier to detect.\\nIn addition to this there is a great demand for floor rugs.\\nAngora lace trimmings, muffs, capes, boas, etc., for ladies\\nand children s wear, and the furriers who supply this trade, have", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0161.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "1^0 A Nezv Industry.\\nnever found any skin so suitable as that of the Angora goat,\\nwith its kistrous, curly hair. Such rugs are very ornate and at-\\ntractive, and are the envy of all ladies who are tasty in furnishing\\ntheir dwellings. As compared with a woven rug, they are, as a\\nCashmere shawl would be to one made from cotton, and the de-\\nmand for them will always be sufficiently great to return a fair\\nprofit on the cost of producing the animal.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0162.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV.\\nCONCENTRATING UPON ONE MARKET.\\nThe members of nearly every branch of commercial, and in-\\ndustrial pursuits, have within the past thirty years, come under\\nsome form of organization for their mutual interest and benefit.\\nThe merchants have their exchanges, or boards of trade;\\nthe railroads their combines, to maintain a higher rate of\\nfreight the manufacturers and miners, have trusts, and the\\nlaboring men their unions. All seem to recognize the fact\\nthat it is necessary to work together, upon some uniform plan,\\nin order to receive the full benefits from their capital and labor,\\nunder the law of supply and demand.\\nThe farmer, and stock-raiser, alone, stand out; and, although\\nmany attempts have been made to imite them under some prac-\\ntical organization, nothing has come out of it, as yet.\\nThe most important part of agriculture, perhaps, is that\\nwhich relates to the commercial features of it. The late Secre-\\ntary of Agriculture, Hon. J. M. Rusk, in one of his annual\\nreports, very wisely said\\nIt requires as much skill to market a crop, as it does to produce it.\\nA farmer who has not the proper knowledge of the trade he\\nis dealing with, should select some competent merchant to rep-\\nresent him in converting his products into cash he may be ever\\nso skilful as a farmer, may be able to make two blades of grass\\ngrow, where only one grew before but, if he has not the com-\\nmercial ability to cope with the experienced and shrewd buyer, he\\nis compelled to trade with, he may find that he does not realize as\\nmuch as his less skilful neighbor, who consigns his produce to\\nsome capable merchant.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0163.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "15- A Nezv Indusiry.\\nThe selling of wool, for instance, seems to be simple\\nenough, but there is more of a science in it than appears on the\\nsurface. The calling of the wool merchant is equally as difficult\\nto master as that of any other profession. He must know the\\nway in which wools are graded in different markets, and what\\nthey are worth, both in this country and abroad. Mr. Rusk says\\nagain\\nIn these days, there is no distance limitations to possible competi-\\ntion, There is no section in the civilized world which may not\\nat some time, and in regard to some product, be found to be a competitor\\nof the American farmer. U. S. Agtl. Report, 1891, p. 39.\\nHe must also be familiar with the supply of wool in stock,\\nand in the hands of manufacturers, in order to know whether\\nhe should hold it longer, or sell what he has on hand at the price\\nhe is offered.\\nThe average wool grower of the United States, however,\\ndoes not recognize these facts. He either undertakes to sell\\nhis own wool, or will entrust it to some popular friend who has,\\nperhaps, made a failure as a wool grower, and has painted his\\nsign wool mcrcltaiif or, he may select some country cross-road\\ngrocery keeper to represent him; some jay- who has never\\nseen the inside of a counting-room, and possibly has never been\\nbeyond the boundaries of his own State, whose business is\\nusually advertised upon the panels of the country road gates, in\\nsuch a conspicuous way as Bring your wool, and mohair, to\\nand get New York prices for it. These are the kind of\\nmerchants that are frequently employed in the interior to sell\\nwool to the expert wool dealer, from the large markets of the\\nEast, who has made a life-time study of his business, and is famil-\\niar with all of its details.*\\n*It does not necessarily iollow that we have no competent wool mer-\\nchants in the interior of our States; but, I maintain, the great majority\\nof those who are engaged in that business have never received the\\nnecessary training 1;o justify them in conducting it properly. And, fur-\\nthermore, no matter how competent a merchant may be unless he has\\naccess to information relating to the statistics, as well as the grades\\nof wool he cannot trade intelligently.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0164.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "Concentrating iipon one Market. ijj\\nIn the absence of standard grades, no one but an ex-\\nperienced dealer can tell what the different market reports mean.\\nSome grades of wool may be cjuoted in one market at a very\\nlow price, that are of a better quality than another grade, which\\nis quoted at a much higher value in another market.\\nA shrewd buyer will select just such market cjuotations\\nas suits his purpose the best, when driving a trade with the inex-\\nperienced merchant, and after he has made a trade, will leave\\nhim in blissful ignorance of the fact that he has parted with his\\nwool at much below its real value.\\nIf wool-growers would unite upon a single market, and\\nconcentrate their wool in the hands of the merchants of that\\none market alone, they would profit very largely by the change,\\nfor they woiild eliminate the two hundred and sixty-five different\\nmarket quotations, which are, perhaps, the most disturbuig\\nelement in this trade at the present time. The London wool\\nmarket is a very fine illustration of this system, and indicates\\nclearly the wisdom of the Australian, New Zealand, and Argen-\\ntine, wool-growers in adopting it.\\nTheir wools are concentrated in London, and sold at reg ular\\nintervals, which has a tendency to increase competition, and re-\\nsults, very naturally, in higher values. They use but one set of\\ngrade terms, which is, practically, the same as a standard.\\nThis system has been followed for years, and is admitted to\\nbe the most desirable one for a producer of an agricultural\\nproduct to follow, and if the mohair growers of the United\\nStates will unite on New York City, as the mohair market for\\nthe United States, in place of shippmg to several markets, and\\nstill worse, selling here and there in the interior, there is no\\ndoubt but it will result greatly to the benefit of every producer\\nof mohair in our country.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0165.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XV.\\nANGORA VENISON AS A SALABLE PRODUCT.\\nA few years back, the prejudice for goat meat was so strong,\\nit was impossible to find sale for any considerable number of\\nAngora goats at any of our large meat-packing centers, though\\nit was not uncommon -for packers to slaughter a few when they\\nwere shipped in with a lot of sheep.\\nToday there is no difficulty in selling them in any quantity,\\nprovided they are fat, and the sheep feeder stands ready to take\\nas many as the packers reject; hence, it may be safely stated\\nthat the Angora is now recognized, on our markets, as a stand-\\nard class of meat.\\nIn 1895-6, a difference of $1.00 per hundred was made in\\nfavor of sheep, but this has been steadily narrowed down until\\nthere is little or no distinction made between well-graded An-\\ngoras and the finest sheep, and it is not unlikely that in- a few\\nyears more, a premium will be paid for the Angora. Indeed, I\\nam morally certain of this, for the simple reason that a butcher\\ncan realize more profit from the Angora than he can from the\\nthe sheep. The pelt of a highly improved Angora will net the\\nbutcher fully twice as much as the pelt of a sheep and it is quite\\ncommon for a two-year-old Angora to break at the joint (the\\nusual test applied to lamb), which makes it more salable.\\nBut, apart from this, the meat is superior to that of the\\nsheep, and will naturally take precedence in market, on its merit\\nalone, and will soon be sold under its proper name Angora\\nVenison,^ instead of being palmed ofif for Choice Lamb. Very\\nfew people have ever tasted a young Angora wether that\\ndo not want more, and it is not at all surprising that the preju-\\ndice against them is being so rapidly removed.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0166.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "Angora Venison as a Salable Product. 755\\nIn 1856, the late Dr. John Bach man, an eminent naturaUst\\nof Charleston, S. C, was selected by the Southern Central\\nAgricultural Association of Georgia, to make a report on the\\ngoats imported by Dr. Davis in 1849, then in possession of Col.\\nRichard Peters.\\nThis report was published by the United States Agricultural\\nDepartment in 1857, from which I extract the following:\\nWe have never indulged in the extravagant luxury of feasting on\\na full-blooded animal of this variety but we have, on several occasions,\\nmade a hearty meal on the quarter, half, or three-quarter bloods, and\\nall who dined in company, pronounced the meat of the half-breed wethers\\nsuperior to lamb; and an eighteen-months old, superior to mutton. The\\nflavor approaches nearer to venison, than to mutton. They remain fat\\nnearly throughout the year, and in November, are almost too fat for\\nthe table. We observed a great improvement in the progeny of the\\nfull-bloods over their imported parents, both in fatness, and in size.\\n(S;e Agtl. Dept. Report 1857, psjc 2 j\\nMr. A. L. Johns, a prominent salesman of sheep, on the\\nKansas City Stock Yards for many years, but who has recently\\nmoved to Chicago, has, very kindly, written me the following\\nletter upon this subject\\nChicago. 111., Dec. 1st, 1899.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Fort McKavett, Texas:\\nDear Sir In reply to your inquiry as to the present status of the\\nAngora goat upon the Kansas City and Chicago markets, I beg to say\\nthat the conditions, as they exist now, compared with ten years ago.\\nare very gratifying indeed. At that time, the Angora goat was hardly,\\nknown in the North, and was seldom seen upon our markets; they were\\nsupposed to be only good for barn yards, and if a butcher had dared\\nto offer for sale even a leg of goat meat, his market would have been\\nblacklisted, and his patrons would have looked elsewhere for their mutton\\nchops. Today, thousands of the little white animals are to be found in\\nnearly every State in the Union, and are as much a source of revenue\\nto their owners as the better grade, of their kin-folk, the sheep family.\\nRecentlj in conversation with Mr. Tyson, of Blair, Neb., who,\\nduring the past three years, has fed and marketed four thousand of the\\ngrade Angoras, he stated that his profits had been fully as great, taking\\ninto consideration the money invested, as he ever made in feeding sheep.\\nContinuing, he stated that they are not at all susceptible to disease, such\\nas foot rot, scab, etc., with which breeders and feeders of sheep, have^\\nto contend; and that, as scavengers, they are invaluable, and in his opin-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0167.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "I5 A Nczv Industry.\\nion, every farmer having rougli and brushy pastures should have a small\\nflock to keep it cleaned up; and that they would be repaid ten times\\nover the cost of their flock.\\nIn conclusion, I will say I firmly believe the time has come when\\nbreeders and feeders of the grade Angora goat, will be counted among\\nour successful and prosperous stockmen; producing a wholesome, nutri-\\ntious meat that will meet with ready demand upon any of our large\\nmarkets; and, in place of salesman begging buyers to bid on them, as\\nin years gone by, there will be active competition from all the packers,\\nand sales can be readily made within thirty to forty cents per one hun-\\ndred pounds of the best mutton.\\nYours very truly,\\nA. L. JOHNS,\\nSheep Salesman, Union Stock Yards, Chicago\\nAnd the Chicago Live Stock Commission Company, of\\nChicago, Kansas City, and St. Louis,- add their testimony to the\\ngrowing popularity of this animal on our meat markets, in the\\nfollowing very courteous reply to an incjuiry I recently sent to\\nthem\\nChicago, 111. March 10th, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas:\\nDear Sir Your favor, in answer to mine of recent date, at hand and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0contents carefully noted. The information contained therein is very\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2acceptable, for which I sincerely thank you. I have taken a great interest\\nin the goat industry for the past six or seven years, and as you are\\nundoubtedly aware, we have handled more of them than any other com-\\nmission firm in the United States. We have had them of all kinds and\\nsizes, and all breeds, but the Angora stands at the head of the list, and is\\ngaining in favor yearly on this market. Recently a double-deck of\\n100-pound, two, and three-year-old, wether goats, sold here at 4.75 per\\ncwt. This was when the top of the market for our best sheep was about\\n5 cents per pound. Seven or eight years ago this same load of goats\\nwould not have sold within $1.00 per cwt. of sheep in the same condition.\\nThe load referred to, understand, were well finished and although we have\\nhad none here recently, several hundred could be sold every week at\\nprices which would be very satisfactory to the owner. We have had\\nnumerous inciuiries from farmers, throughout the country tributary to this\\nmarket, asking where they could get stock goats, the most of them being\\nwanted for the cleaning up of brush land, but so far as we have been\\nable to judge the demand for them has far exceeded the supply during the\\npast year or two. I am of the firm opinion that the meat of the well", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0168.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "Ano-ora Venison as a Salable Product.\\n^57\\nfinished Angora goat ranks well up to that of our best mutton, and I\\npredict that, ten years from today, this industry will be carried on in the\\nUnited States much more extensively than at present.\\nWith kindest regards, I remain,\\nYours to command,\\nE. R. JOHNS,\\nSheep Salesman for Chicago Live Stock Com. Co.\\nIt is not possible to arrive at a correct estimate of the num-\\nber of Angora goats sold, for the reason they are classified with\\nsheep, and are included in the receipts of that class of stock in\\nall of the leading stock yards. It is very common to see them\\nin lots of one thousand, and over, and it is to be hoped that our\\nstock yards will soon adopt a different system, and keep a record\\nof each class.\\nIt is surprising to note the wonderful growth in the demand\\nthat has been created for mutton in the past quarter of a cen-\\ntury in our country. In referring to this, in 1889, the late Hon.\\nJ. M. Rusk, Secretary of Agriculture, in his report for that\\nyear, says\\nThe rapid increase in consumption of mutton is indicated by an\\nenlargement of the receipts of sheep at Chicago and St. Louis ifrom\\n544,627 in 1875 to 1,971,683 in 1888. The increase in New York, during\\nthe same period amounts to 750,000. (See Agtl. Dept. Report 1889,\\np. 43.)\\nThe following table will show the total receipts of both cat-\\ntle and sheep at Chicago during the past thirty-three years\\nYear\\nCattt.e\\nSheep\\nYear\\nCattle\\nSheep\\n1865 -7s\\n613\\n1,433\\n1875\\n920,843\\n418,948\\n1866.\\n393,008\\n207,987\\n1876..\\n1,096.745\\n364.095\\n1867.\\n329,188\\n180,888\\n1877...\\n1,033.151\\n310,240\\n1868...\\n324,524\\n270,891\\n1878..\\n1,083.068\\n310,420\\n1869...\\n403,102\\n340,072\\n1879...\\n1,215,732\\n325.119\\n1870...\\n532,964\\n349,853\\n1880..\\n1,382,477\\n335,810\\n1871.\\n543,050\\n315.053\\n1881..\\n1,498,550\\n493,624\\n1872.\\n684,075\\n310.211\\n1882..\\n1,582.530\\n628,887\\n1873.\\n761,428\\n291.734\\n1883...\\n1,878,944\\n749,917\\n1871...\\n843,966\\n3; 3 ^55", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0169.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "^3S\\nA Nciv Industry.\\nYear\\nCattle\\ntSHHEP\\nYeah\\nCattle\\nSheep\\n1884\\n1,817,697\\n801,630\\n1892\\n3,571,796 2,145,079\\n1885\\n1,905,518\\n1,003,598\\n1893\\n3,133,406 3,031,174\\n1886\\n1,963,900\\n1,008,790\\n1894\\n2,974,363 3,099,725\\n1887\\n2,382,008\\n1,360,862\\n1895\\n3,588,558 3,406,739\\n1888\\n2,611,543\\n1,515,014\\n1896\\n2,600,476 3,590,655\\n1889\\n3,023,381\\n1,832,469\\n1897\\n2,554,924 3,606,640\\n1890\\n3,484,280\\n3,250,359\\n3,182,667\\n2,153,537\\n1898\\nTotal\\n2,480,897 1 3,589,439\\n1891\\n.|56,850,960|40,866,855\\nIt will be observed from the above table that, while the\\nreceipts of cattle, at Chicago, increased from 393,007 in 1866, to\\n3,480,897 in 1898, or a little more than six times those of sheep\\nincuased from 207,987 in 1866, to 3,589,439 in 1898, or over sev-\\nenteen times.\\nANGORA VENIvSON.\\nIt took a long- time to bring the sheep into the prominent\\nposition it now occnpies upon our markets, though the English\\nrecognized the superior qualities of the meat at a very early day.\\nThe prejudice against the coarse, common goat has had a\\ntendency to restrict the use of Angora venison, owing to the\\nfact that the animals have usually been classed together as goats,\\nbut they are not at all alike, which is clearly shown in the sale\\nof their skin for tanning into leather. The skin of the common\\ngoat is coarse grained and thick, while that of the Angora is\\nvery thin, and fine grained, and is not at all suitable for leather.\\nThe difference in the quality of the meat is still greater. Angora\\nvenison being as much superior to the common goat as the\\nBelgian hare is superior to our wild native jack rabbit.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0170.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVI.\\nIS THERE ANY DANGER FROM OVER PRODUCTION?\\nThe one element, in agriculture, to be dreaded above all\\nothers is over-production.\\nThe losses sustained by farmers from all our severe drouths\\nand overflows, are as nothing compared with those from this\\nsingle cause.\\nIn the past thirty years, the value of cotton has been\\ndragged down from fifteen cents per pound in 1870, to about\\nsix cents (and it was down to four and one-half in 1898) in 1899,\\na depreciation of $45.00 per bale, or nearly twice as much as the\\nentire bale of cotton is now sold for and the shrinkage in the\\nvalue of wheat has been no less severe.\\nThe cause of over-production is due to a scramble among\\nfarmers to raise the most salable products. When cotton meets\\nwith favorable demand, every farmer is anxious to grow as\\nmuch as he possibly can the following season, and the result is\\na glutted market and decline in price.\\nRemedy, after remedy, has been suggested, to regulate mat-\\nters, but as yet nothing of a practical nature has been found.\\nIf it were possible to control acreage, there would be no trouble\\nin solving the problem, for the farmer would then have an organ-\\nization in the nature of a trust, which would enable him to\\nsupply the demand, with as much, or as little as was wanted.\\nBut this is not practical, and, it is doubtful, if there will ever be\\nany remedy for this terrible evil to agriculture until the non-\\nproducing class of our population is so largely increased as to\\ncreate a greater demand for farm products than the acreage will\\njustify. That this time will be reached sooner or later, there\\nis no doubt, but it is too far removed from the present sufferers\\nto admit of serious consideration.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0171.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "i6o A Nezv Industry.\\nDiversification of products is, perhaps, the most practical\\nsystem for a farmer to operate on, and in this new branch of\\nag-ricuhure, which it is my privilege to call attention to, I think\\nwe have a product that is as free from the danger of over-pro-\\nduction as any that I know of.\\nThe annual yield of mohair in the United States, at the pres-\\nent time, amounts to about 800,000 pounds and the demand from\\nour manufacturing industry 2,000,000 pounds, which will admit\\nof an increase in our supply of 1,200,000 pounds, requiring an\\nincrease of 400,000 head of goats having a shearing capacity\\nof three pounds each. It will take but a few years to\\ncover this gap, and in all probability the supply of mohair will\\nsooner or later exceed the demand, and the market price be\\nforced down under the inexorable law of supply and demand,\\nthe same as in our cotton and wheat products. But, we have a\\nsafe-guard in this new industry, which does not exist in any\\nother branch of farming. There are three outlets for the pro-\\nduct, either of which can be supplied that offers the greatest\\ninducement.\\nOne is through the manufacturer, for mohair.\\nOne is through the butcher, for meat.\\nOne is through the furrier, for pelt.\\nAs long, as it will pay to produce mohair it can be done\\nbut, if the price should decline to an unprofitable point, the\\nanimal can be fattened for market, and sold to the butcher, and\\nthe pelt to the furrier, which will correct the evil of over-produc-\\ntion, and restore a fair market value for mohair.\\nThe demand for the product, from either branch I have\\nmentioned, is quite large enough to support a great number\\nof goats.\\nmohair, we have the world before us, and a constantly\\nincreasing application for the product.\\nmeat, we have an unlimited demand, at a price that will\\nalways aft ord a satisfactory profit in raising the animal, more\\nespecially when the skin, or pelt, is taken into consideration.\\nThe pelt supplies a demand from the furrier, which I\\nhave made the subject for a separate chapter (No. XIII).", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0172.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVII.\\nTARIFF ON MOHAIK, LIVE GOATS, AND ANGORA SKINS.\\nThe mohair-growing industry has never received the atten-\\ntion from members of Congress that its importance to the\\ncountry would seem to justify.\\nIt was first placed upon the tariff, by the act of August 30,\\n18-13, when a duty of one cent per pound was placed upon\\nThibet, Angora, and all other goats hair, or mohair, unmanu-\\nfactured. See S. L., Vol. 5., Chap. CCLXX.\\nThe act of July 30, ISrtG, changed the duty to twenty per\\ncent, ad valorem. See S. L., Vol. 9., Chap. LXXIV.\\nThe act of March 2, 1861, levied a duty of nine cents per\\npound on Hair of the Alpaca, goat, and other like animals,\\nif it exceeded 24 cents per pound in value at the place from\\nwhich it was exported. See S. L., Vol. 12, Chap. LXVIIi.\\nBy the act of June 30th, 1864, the tariff was changed to read\\nas follows on all hair of the Alpaca, Goat, and other\\nLike Animals, exceeding thirty-two cents per pound,\\ntwelve cents per pound, and in addition thereto ten per cent,\\nad valorem, making the duty equivalent to a trifle over fifteen\\ncents per pound. See S. L. Vol. 13, Chap. CLXXI, Sec. 4.\\nThe act of March 2nd, 1867, divided all Wools, Hair of the\\nAlpaca, Goat, and other Like Animals, into three classes, for\\nthe purpose of fixing the duty to be charged, to-wit\\nClass 1. Clothing wool.\\nClass 2. Combing wools.\\nClass 3. Carpet wools, and other similar wools.\\nThe hair of the alpaca, and goat, were placed in class 2, and\\nthe duty was made, ten cents per pound, and eleven per cent, ad-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0173.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "1(52 A Neiv Industry.\\nvalorem, when of the vahie of thirty-two cents per pound o r\\nless and above thirty-two cents per pound, the duty was to be\\ntwelve cents per pound, with ten per cent, ad valorem added,\\nwhich was, practically, the same as the duty in the former tariff.\\nSee S. L., Vol. 14, Chap. CXCVII, Sec. 1.\\nBy the act of March 3rd, 1883, the tariff was again altered,\\nso as to reduce the duty on goat hair to ten cents per pound\\nwhen of the value of thirty cents per pound, and twelve ce.x.s\\nper pound when the value should exceed thirty cents per pound.\\nThere was no ad valorem duty connected, as in the act of 18G7\\nwhich practically reduced the tarifif on mohair about three cents\\nper pound. But, the most significent change in this tariff, was\\nthat of arranging the duty according to the conditions in which\\nwool, alpaca, and goat s hair, was imported. If it was imported\\nin its natural condition, the above duties of ten, and twelve cents,\\nrespectively, were to be paid; but, if imported in a washed\\ncondition, the duty was to be double, or twenty and twenty-\\nfour cents per pound and, if scoured, it was to be three times\\nas great as if it were to be imported in its natural condition,\\nwhich would be equivalent to thirty cents per pound on wool\\nof a value of thirty cents per pound, and thirty-six cents per\\npound when the value exceeded thirty cents per pound. See\\nS. L., Vol. 32, Chap. CXXI, Schedule K.\\nThe act of October 1st, 1890, levied a specific duty of\\ntwelve cents per pound on goat s hair-, alpaca, and camel s hair,\\nmaking the same provisions as in the act of 1883, for wools and\\nhair, that are imported in a different form than the original\\ncondition. See S. L., Vol. 26, Chap. 1244, Schedule K.\\nThe tariff act of August 27th, 1894, under Mr. Grover Cleve-\\nland s administration, placed wool, and goat s hair, upon the\\nfree list, and the succeeding administration of Mr. Wm. Mc-\\nKinley restored it to the tariff, together with wool, and other\\nanimal fibres, imposing a duty of twelve cents per pound, with\\nthe same terms respecting conditions, etc., as in the act of\\n1883 and 1890, which is in force at the present time.\\nThe general purpose of the tariff, of course, is to obtain a\\nnecessary revenue to support the government upon, and from", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0174.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Tariff on Mohair, Live Goafs, and Angora Skins. i6^\\na review of the foregoing extracts from our several tariff laws\\nit is quite evident that mohair has never attracted the attention\\nof Congress in any other sense than as a revenue-producing\\narticle. The fact that it has always been classified with the\\nhair of the camel, alpaca, and other like animals, neither of\\nwhich have ever been introduced into this country, with a view\\nof propagating the animal, for their hair, is prima facie evidence\\nof this. But, there is another purpose in the tariff, as I under-\\nstand it, which is, to foster, and encourage, such industries as our\\ncountry is capable of carrying on successfully, and I think the\\nexperience of the past thirty-eight years in the United States,\\nhas clearly demonstrated the wisdom of such a policy. If the\\nUnited States is capable of producmg an article it is certainly\\ngreat folly to purchase it abroad and, if we are capable of pro-\\nducing mohair, there is certainly no sense in buying it from\\nTurkey, or South Africa. The American farmer is entitled to\\nthe revenue from this branch of agriculture, and it is an injury\\nto the country at large if we do not produce it upon our own\\nsoil.\\nThe question to be considered then, is What amount of\\nduty should be placed on mohair\\nAs a rule, the tariff upon all products is governed by the\\ncost of producing it in other countries, and is adjusted so as to\\nplace the United States producer upon an equal footing with\\nthe most favored nation on the globe. For instance, wool can\\nbe produced, and sold, profitably, in some countries for five\\ncents per pound, whereas, the American farmer cannot produce\\nand sell it for less than seventeen cents per pound; hence, unless\\na duty of twelve cents is levied upon foreign wool, it is evident\\nthe American farmer v,all not be able to compete in producing\\nit, and will gradually drop out of the business.\\nAs to the cost of raising mohair, I have no doubt the pres-\\nent tariff of twelve cents is quite enough to equalize this country\\nwith both Turkey and South Africa (the only competing points\\nthat we have), but it should be borne in mind that we have but\\na small number of mohair-producing goats, and if we expect\\nto develop the industry rapidly, we will be compelled to grade up", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0175.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "164 A Nczv Industry.\\nthe common goat, which will require several years of patient\\nlabor, with little or no revenue, before we can produce much\\nmohair; and, to encourage farmers to undertake this tiresome\\ntask, some additional duty should be levied that will satisfy them\\nthey will be compensated for the delay in grading up the animal\\nto a revenue producing basis.\\nThere is, perhaps, no product on our tariff that can so\\neasily support a high duty as mohair, for it is consumed alto-\\ngether by the rich, and largely by wealthy railroad corporations\\nfor plush coverings to railroad coaches, who can well afford to\\npay a liberal subsidy to the hard working farmers of our country.\\nAnother view to take of this matter is the spinning capacity\\nof mohair, as compared with other fibres, which are on the\\ntariff. Wool pays a duty of eleven cents, in its natural condi-\\ntion, and when washed, it pays twenty-two cents and, when\\nscoured, thirty-three cents per pound. One pound of mohair\\nin its natural condition will go nearly as far as one pound of\\nscoured wool, owing to the fact of there being no grease in\\nmohair.\\nIf scoured wool pays a duty of thirty-three cents per\\npound, it would seem to be only fair to make the tariff\\ntwenty-five cents on mohair, which would be only a trifle over\\nwhat is now paid on washed wool and, I feel certain that a\\nmanufacturer will spin as much working yarn from a pound of\\nmohair, in its natural condition, as he will from a pound of\\nwashed wool.\\nThe present duty on silk (raw) is forty cents per pound.\\nMohair is largely used to mix with this fibre, and it is often very\\nhard to detect the adulturation.* Indeed, it is so very closely\\nrelated to silk, in general appearance, that a tariff of twelve\\ncents on one, and forty cents on tlie other, would seem to be\\nentirely out of proportion.\\nStill another reason why the government should aid in\\ndeveloping this industry is, because the Turkish government,\\n*Dr. Hayes says: Mohair yarn is employed largely in Paris, Nis-\\nmes, Lyons, and Germany, for the manufacture of laces, which are sub-\\nstituted for the silk lace fabrics of Valenciennes, and Chantilly. (See\\nHayes, p. 39.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0176.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "Tariff on Mohair, Live Goats, and Angora Skins. i6\u00c2\u00a7\\nat the present time, prohibits the exportation of any of their\\nmohair goats, and the breeders in Cape Colony, South Africa,\\nhave recently had an act passed by their Colonial Parliament\\nplacing an export duty of $500.00 upon those that they have\\nin their country. This will practically force the American breed-\\ners to rely upon the limited number of Angora goats that we\\nnow have in the United States, which, however, will be quite suf-\\nficient to build up a very large industry, provided the business\\ncan be made profitable to the present owners of stud flocks,\\nwhich can only be accomplished, however, by encouraging\\nothers to improve the common (Mexican) goat, a course that was\\ntaken by South African breeders in the early days of their\\nindustry, with the Boer goat of that country.\\nIn addition to the great benefits that will result to our\\ncountry from mohair, as a textile product, it will add to our\\nsupply of meat producing animals, which will have a tendency\\nto keep the price of this product within reach of many of our\\npoorer classes, who are being taxed severely now, owing to the\\nscarcity of beef.\\nIt is to be hoped that Congress will take a liberal view of\\nthis subject, and give such encouragement to the producers\\nof mohair as the industry is worthy of.\\nTARIFF ON LIVE GOATS.\\nIn connection with this subject, it would probably be well\\nfor Congress to remove the present import duty on the common\\nMexican doe goat, when imported for the purpose of crossing\\nwith the Angora.\\nOur present supply of Mexican goats is limited, and the\\nvalue of them will naturally be greatly enhanced under active\\ncompetition from farmers, who will, doubtless, be attracted to\\nthis new industry, which will result in benefit to very few, while\\nthe removal of the duty, altogether, will benefit a great many,\\nand will greatly facilitate the development of our mohair-growing\\nindustry.\\nAll other live animals not specially provided for in this act, twenty\\nper cent, advalorem.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0177.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "i66 A Nnv Industry.\\nThe present tariff prevents the importation of these animals\\nexcept upon the payment of a duty of twenty per cent, adva-\\nlorem, under the following clause in Schedule G\\nIt is true this is not a high duty to pay, yet it will encourage\\nthe importation of many of the Mexican does if it is removed\\naltogether, and will lay the foundation for a much more profit-\\nable and useful animal. It can in no way conflict with the inter-\\nest of any of the producers of goats in the United States but,\\non the contrary, will create a demand for thoroughbred, or\\nfull-blooded Angora sires which will be required for grading up\\nthese common goats, and this will result in much benefit to a\\nlarge number of the present breeders of the Angora goat who are\\nnow members of the industry.\\nTARtFF ON GOAT SKINS.\\nThe present tariff on Angora goat skins is as follows\\nThe duty on wools on the skin shall be one cent less per pound\\ntlian is imposed in this schedule on other wools of the same class, and\\ncondition, the quantity, and value, to be ascertained under such\\nrules as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. (See Schedule K,\\nClause No. 360, Tarifif law 1897.)\\nThe above action was, doubtless, intended to protect the\\nraisers of Angora goats from the importation of mohair, on the\\nskin, by manufacturers, which was very proper. But, there\\nis another trade into which the skin of this animal enters very\\nlargely, which is of vastly more importance than that of the\\nmanufacttire of mohair.\\nI refer to the making of carriage robes, buggy robes, floor\\nrugs, overcoats for men, etc.\\nThis trade does not give employment to very many of our\\npeople at present, which I shall endeavor to explain later on,\\nbut it can be made to do so, for the magnitude of the business\\nis simply immense, and may be surmised when I say there is\\nhardly a house furnishing, or saddlery store, in the United States,\\nthat does not handle more or less of these goods.\\nThe Angora skin is, perhaps, more suitable for making this\\nclass of stock than any other kind, but the supply of them is", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0178.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "Tariff on Mohair, Live Goats, and Angora Skins. i6j\\nnot large enough to meet the demand, and they are more expen-\\nsive than some other varieties of long-haired goats raised in\\nChina, India, Persia, and other portions of Asia, consequently\\nthese are used as a substitute. These have a coarse, outer-hair,\\nwith an under-down, or fur, which is fully described in the\\npaper I have added concerning the Cashmere goat (see Ap-\\npendix), and cannot, therefore, be classed as mohair skins, which\\nadmits of their being brought into this country at a very low rate\\nof duty..\\nIndeed, they are permitted to come in free, if they are im-\\nported in a raw state, which is provided for in the tariff, as\\nfollows\\nSkins, of all kinds, raw (except sheep skins with the wool\\non) free. (See Free Ust Clause No. 664, Tariff Law, 1897.)\\nBut the labor of dressing them in the United States is so\\nmuch more expensive than in Asia that they are always im-\\nported in a finished condition, ready to be made into robes,\\nrugs, and garments, as soon as they are received.\\nThe tariff does not seem to have provided specifically for\\ngoat skins, dressed, with the hair on. but, under the schedule\\nreferring to leather, and manufactures of it, says\\ndressed kangaroo, sheep and goat skins 20 per cent,\\nad valorem. (See Schedule N, Clause No. 438, Tariff Law\\nof 1897.)\\nWhich appears to be the only clause that these dressed\\nAsiatic goat skins can be classed under.\\nWhen we consider the low^ price at which such skins are\\nsold (for they are not desirable for making into leather), and\\nthe very low scale of labor that is paid in China for dressing\\nthem, the duty of twenty per cent, ad valorem will not exceed\\nmore than five cents per skin, which practically amounts to\\nnothing to the American importer.\\nIf, for no other reason than to protect American laboi,\\nthe tariff on these goat skins should be revised.\\nBut, I m.aintain that, the American producers of Angora\\ngoats are made to suffer serious loss by permitting this inferior", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0179.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "i68 A Nczv Industry.\\nclass of stock to be sold in competition with their own product,\\nwhich is often represented as being one and the same, and very\\nmany people do not know any thing to the contrary.\\nI was attracted not long ago by the advertisement of a\\nlarge department store in Chicago, who claimed to have real\\nAngora goat skin rugs for sale, and being interested in the\\nbusiness I called upon them and was shown a white Chinese\\ngoat rug, for which they asked $-\u00c2\u00b1.00.\\nI remarked to the clerk that I wanted an Angora goat rug,\\nwhen he frankly said they did not have any, and added A real\\nAngora rug, like this one, would cost you $8.00.\\nThe following is the style used in advertising these Chinese\\ngoat rugs\\nChina goat rug s, made in designs iis shown in cuts A and B. The\\ncombination of colors are black and white; black and gray; white and\\ngray; or red fox and white. These rugs are lined and odorless, and\\nhandsome enough for any room. We also have the same rug plain, or\\nsolid colors, white, black or gray. (See Montgomery Ward s cata-\\nlogue, Chicago, III.)\\nIt seems to me, it is an outrage upon American labor and\\nenterprise to permit this tariff to remain as it is. The American\\nfurrier is entitled to the labor of dressing these skins, and the\\nAmerican grower of Angora goats is entitled to the sale of the\\nraw skin. They are both entitled to protection from such unfair\\ncompetition and, while it is c^uite true the grower s are not able,\\nat the present time, to supply the demand that exists for such\\na product, they very soon can be but, as long as the tariff\\nwill admit of the Chinese product being imported at such a\\nridicuously low duty, as above stated, the American product will\\nnaturally be depreciated in value.\\nBut, another view to take of this matter is, who are the\\nbeneficiaries under existing conditions\\nThe entire trade, I understand, is monopolized by a single\\nconcern, or syndicate, in New York City, who guard it with\\nsuch a jealous care as to keep out all competition. If any one\\ndares to engage in it (which has been done on several occasions)\\nthey immediately reduce their price list to a point that will\\nforce the daring adventurer to sell his importation at a loss, and", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0180.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "Tariff on Mohair, Live Goats, and Angora Skins. i6p\\nthe result is that, this single concern have managed to enjoy ah\\nthe benefits from a trade that should be national in character.\\nThe present duty of tzvcnty per cent, advaloreni, as I have\\nendeavored to explain, amounts, practically, to nothing. It\\nshould be made specific, and placed at such a point as will\\nequalize the cost of dressing a goat skin in the United States,\\nwith the cost of dressing one in China; and, while the raw\\nskin of the Chinese, or Asiatic, goat is not the equal of the\\nAngora, they belong to the same species, and should be classed\\nas the same, when they are used for the same purpose, viz\\nthat of making robes, rugs and garments.\\nIt would seem, therefore, if the tariff was so revised as to\\ncompel these importers to pay aduty, equal with the present duty\\npaid by the manufacturer, who may import the skin for the\\npurpose of cutting off the mohair to use in manufacturing, it\\nwould be more just, and reasonable, to all concerned.\\nOn this hypothesis, the duty would be, assuming the skin\\nwill shea: four pounds of mohair\\nDuty of 12 cents per pound, on four pounds mohair. .48\\nDifference in labor, of dressing a goat skin in this country,\\nwith that paid in China, say 52\\nOr, a total, on each skin of $1.00\\nThis would afford a fair degree of protection, both to the\\nAmerican laborer, and producer, and would not injure the con-\\nsumer, inasmuch as the importers of these Chinese, or Asiatic,\\ngoat skins, demand a price equivalent to American labor for\\ndressing, and producing the skin in the United States, as soon\\nthey pass through our custom house.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0181.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "PLATE XXXIX.\\nPORTABLE CAMPING OUTFIT.\\nMade of plank; a substitute for the tent, when flocks are moved to different ranges.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0182.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "Practical Parts\\nof the\\nIndustry.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0183.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0184.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVIII.\\nTHE SCIENCE OF BREEDING, OUR PAST EXPERIENCE, AND\\nTHE RESULT OF CROSSING THE COMMON GOAT WITH\\nTHE ANGORA.\\nThe science of breeding any of cur domestic animals is,\\nsimply, knozviiig how to mate them, in order to obtain such a type\\nas the breeder is wanting- to produce, and this knowledge can\\nonly be acquired through a series of experiments coupled with\\nthe very closest observation.\\nDuring the past hunderd years, certain well defined prin-\\nciples in mating have been established that have assisted the\\nbreeders of the horse, cow, and sheep, in bringing these animals\\nup to a very high degree of perfection. The principle of like\\nbegets like, for instance, teaches a breeder that, by the selec-\\ntion of animals of any particular size, form or color, it is pos-\\nsible, in the course of time, to create a distinct type, or breed,\\nvery diiiferent from the original. Upon one occasion, in refer-\\nring to the wonderful change that had been made in the sheep\\nof Great Britian. Lord Sommerville is said to have remarked\\nthat:\\nThe modern sheep breeder appears to have drawn a perfect form,\\nand then to have given it life.\\nThe same might be said, in speaking of the horse, the cow\\nand the hog, for there has been a great variety of breeds in all\\nthese animals, practically created by man in the past century,\\nand in fowls and vegetables, the changes have been no less\\nsurprising.\\nThere is, perhaps, no animal so susceptible of being im-\\nproved as otir common short-haired goat but, this principle, or\\nlaw of, like begets like, does not seem to operate the same", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0185.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "174 A Nezv Industry\\nwith it, as with other wool, or hair producing animals. Fo;\\nexample the mating of a long, coarse-wooled ram ith a shorty\\nfine-wooled ewe sheep, will result in producing a medium wool,\\nboth as to length and fineness of fibre while the mating of a\\nlong, coarse-wooled buck, with a short-haired common doe,\\ngoat will produce a kid having a thin covering oi short, but\\npure, iiioliair, together with more or less of the coarse, short\\nhair of the mother. In other words, the two kinds of hair will\\nnot mix with each other, as is the case with the sheep. And,\\nvery strange to say, it does not appear to make any difference\\nIiow coarse, or how long, the hair of the mohair goat may be,\\nthe cross will always have the same thin covering of pure mohair,\\nof a short, uniform length, and much finer in fibre, than that of\\nthe sire.\\nThe only explanation I can advance for this strange con-\\ndition of things, is that, the tlesh and blood (the soil, and fertil-\\nizing elements, of the fleece) of the mohair goat are of an\\nentirely different character from that in the common goat and,\\nthe production of this thin covering of pure mohair is an indi-\\ncation that only a certain amount of the mohair-producing\\n])lood has been implanted by the one cross for, it seems to\\nbe increased by a second cross, and the fourth, and fifth,\\ncrosses, will make the two animals of the same nature, at least\\nas far as outward appearance shows.\\nThe experiment has never been made, that I know of, but\\nI am well convinced that if a mohair goat, producing a coarse\\nhair, should be mated with a mohair goat of equal purity, pro-\\nducing a fine hair, the issue will have hair the medium of the two\\nand, the length of hair, I am sure, can be gradually increased\\nin the same way, by crossing a long-haired buck with a short-\\nhaired doc, the same as with sheep.\\nBut, as liefore stated, the only way we can ever hope to\\narrive at anything like scientific knowledge in breeding the\\nAngora goat, is by experiment and observation. If breeders\\nwill exercise the same degree of interest, and intelligence, as\\ntheir predecessors in the sheep industry have done in improv-\\ning that animal, there is no doubt we can make some wonderful", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0186.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "5 QJ (D DD\\no b ^--o\\n-go)\u00c2\u00a9 en 0)\\nx; i (u\\n1) +J- u m -5-,\\nc 5 m O\\ntat ^-a 5\\ni, CD S*:\\n3+^ RJ CD\\ng to 0^\\nUJ X O C\\nq:\\n1- (0 g\\nCO 0) a D.\\nII 1\\n1-\\nhis da\\nrk-colc\\ng to n\\nstock\\naracte\\nII 1\\nt^ \u00c2\u00abJ C -C\\nT\\n-0\\nh-\\nSS_g\\nLL\\noosses\\nand\\nis int\\nour pr\\nade in\\nLU\\nc S -2\\nUJ\\nn\\n?Eo?S\\nW i= M\\nC/J\\nra CO kj\\n30 ai Ox:\\n4i\\nr\\nt\\n(VI\\n0)\\nc\\na\\nCI\\nc\\n(rt\\nc\\nci\\nat\\nfc\\n0)\\n13\\nS3\\nu\\nM\\n1\\ncoj=\\n=j)\\n(fl\\n(D\\nc\\n(fl\\n01\\n_u\\n0)\\nD)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0187.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0188.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. I jj\\nchanges in the Angora goat in a comparatively short time and,\\nperhaps, if we were to investigate closely into the experience\\nof those who have handled the animal during the past fifty\\nyears, we may be able to obtain a great deal of valuable informa-\\ntion from their work.\\nIn 1853, Dr. J. B. Davis reported his first experiment with\\nthose he imported from Asia in 1849. He says\\nOn my arrival, I immediately procured a number of our little dimin-\\nutive native female goats, and crossed them upon a Cashmere buck. Their\\nprogeny had very fine hair, but little longer than that of the does. I\\nagain crossed the female of this progeny upon the other Cashmere buck,\\nand it is difficult to distinguish these from the pure-breed, and the sub-\\nsequent cross cannot be detected. In the spring I contemplate effecting\\nstill another cross. (See Agtl. Dept. Report for 1853, p. 20.)\\nAnd, in a letter to Dr. J. L. Hayes, Col. Richard Peters\\nsays\\nOne of the most^ valuable, interesting and remarkable traits of the\\nAngora is che rapidity with which fleece-bearing goats can be obtained\\nby using thoroughbred bucks to cross on the common short-haired ewe\\ngoats of the country. The second cross produces a goat with a skin val-\\nued for rugs, mats and gloves. The fifth cross (known by many breeders\\nas full blood will yield a fleece not inferior to much of the mohair\\nimported from Asia Minor. The fifth cross can be readily obtained in\\nfive or six years. Thoroughbred bucks should always be used, because\\nthe progeny of the so-called full-blood bucks varies greatly, and the\\nupward progress is by no means satisfactory. (See Hayes, p. 51.)\\nAll the early breeders in Texas, California, and Oregon,\\nhave met with the same uniform success except where the sire\\nused was a graded animal, called full hlood, as Col. Peters\\nremarks.\\nAs may well be supposed the breeding of the Angora to the\\nshort-haired goat, has produced a very different class of animal\\nfrom the original and, as the same custom has prevailed in\\nTurkey and South Africa, it is very doubtful if there are any of\\nthe original type in existence, at the present time, in the\\nworld.\\nMr. H. O. Binns, a resident of Turkey, addressed a very\\ninteresting letter to Mr. Schreiner on this subject, relating to the\\ncrossing in that countrv, in which he savs", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0189.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "iy8 A Nczv Imhistry.\\nI cannot say when crossing began to be general. When I went to\\nthe Angora distrcts in LSGt, it was in uill swing, and must have been\\ncommonl} practiced for some years, as ihcre were even then many more\\ncross-bred goats than pure-bred. The fact that these cross-bred goats\\nwere in large numbers and yielded excellent hair shows that crossing had\\nbeen generally resorted to a good many years back. Even at that timC;\\nthe original pure Angor? was becoming very rare. Today, he is probably\\nextinct, or almost so. The districts outside the mohair-producing region\\nwere thronged with the Kurd goat. Angoras were introduced amongst\\nthe various flocks of these goats, which in due course were all graded up,\\nand yielded white mohc .ir. From inquu-ies made, I concluded that the\\nAngoras were first generally crossed with the common goat when a large\\nEuropean demand for mohair sprang up, after unmanufactured mohair\\nwas allowed to be exported, and lustre goods became fashionable. The\\nresult is seen in the Angora of today, which is a product of the cross.\\nThe greatest endeavors to increase the numbers of Angoras and to pro-\\nduce them in other parts of the country, l,\u00c2\u00aby means of grading up the com-\\nmon goats, were made from about li^liS to ISTli, when, not only the other\\ndi.strictj, where the Angora had never been before, were induced to buy\\nrams to cross with the common ewes, but so eager were the farmers, in\\nAngora itself, to incresase the number of their mohair goats, that com-\\nmon ewes were actually imported into that, and neighboring disricts, and\\ngraded up there by means of pure rams. No wonder goats became mixed,\\nand the pure goat eliminated, replaced by his heavier-fleeced, more prolific,\\nmore remunerative cross. These endeavors v/ere due to the great demar.a ior\\nmohair during these years, for the price jier pound was never lower than\\n2s. 9d. (G8 cents) except for a short time in 18(j8, when it touched 2s. 3d.\\n(56 cents) and was generally, at from 3s. 3d. (81 cents) to 3s. 9d. (93\\ncents). Thus there was a large increase, not only in the numbers of white\\nmohair goats, but also in the area over which they were distributed. The\\ncommon goat was then first graded tip in such districts as Eskischehr,\\nin Broussa, Soungourlou, in Yozgat, Devriken, and Tosia, in Kastamouni,\\nand sundry other districts. So general has been the crossing that not\\nonly is the original pure Angora extinct, or almost so, in Asia Minor,\\ntoday, but even in Beibazar, one of the very purest districts, hardly a\\nilock is to be found which does not contain one or more gray, black\\nor white common ewes, and their various crosses.. Such common goats\\nand the various grades between them and the modern Angora, are much\\nmore common in less central, less pure districts. Throughout the whole\\nof the mohair districts, any ewe (or ram) which has originally come from\\na cross (and almost all have now) is liable to have colored, kemped kids,\\nred, blue, black, or other colors; and in almost every flock in Beibazar,\\nas well as in other districts, colored kids, the progeny of white sires and\\ndams are to be found. (See Schreiner, pp. 83, 84 and 85.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0190.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora, //p\\nThe Kurd goat is described as a coarse, straight-haired\\nanimal, usually black, brown, red, or blue, in color, and much\\nlarger and heavier-boned than the Angora.\\nCrossing in South Africa was carried on \\\\ery much in the\\nsame way \\\\dth the common goat of that country (the \u00e2\u0096\u00a0Boer j,\\nwhich is represented by Mr. Schreiner as follows\\nThe Boer goat of todaj- strikes one as an animal peculiarly South\\nAfrican, as it browses on the arid kopjes of the Great Karoo. It is a large\\nanimal with powerful legs, a grand carriage, a bold, free step, and wild,\\nprominent eyes. The coat is short, smooth and coarse, of almost any\\ncolor or combination of colors, frequently b ing dappled. It is extremely\\nhardy, fattens readily, and carries a large amount of flesh, which, however,\\nis pungent and strong, and unpalatable to a refined taste. Btit, in up-\\ncountry districts, in desert-like parts of the ICaroo, they are the most\\nvaluable, for there thej are often the onh kind of stock fit for slaughter,\\nas they keep fat when other stock are thin or die. In the early days\\nthe Boer goat and the Afrikander sheep were the only small stock posses-\\nsed by the colonists, and this goat was justly held in high estimation b5\\nthe old pioneers, for it increases with great rapiditj (triplets at a birth be-\\ning by no means ir frequent) and its skin makes ver)- superior leath-\\ner, as is evidenced by the constant demand in the tanneries of the Colony\\ntoday. See Schreiner, page 172.\\nAnd Mr. Schreiner adds:\\nSuch are the Boer goats which have supplied the mothers of nearly\\nall the Cape Angoras. The seri ice thej have rendered to the Angora\\nindustr of South Africa, is almost incalculable. But for the fact that\\nthere were several millions of Boer goats, thoroughly accustomed to\\nthe country, to famish innumerable ewes for grading-up purpos s, the\\nindustr would still have been in its Inizacv. As it is, instead of increas-\\ning OUT Angoras solely by breeding from a few imported animals, we\\nhave been able, w ithin a few- years, to grade up some millions from the\\ngood otd *Boer goat mother stock, whose progeny, already oatmimber-\\ning the mohair goats of Turkey, and nearly as well, bred, now yield more\\nhair than Turke3 oi a qualitj-, on the whole, nearly eqtial to Turkisii,\\nand in many instances quite equal to the verj- best that Turkey can pro-\\nduce. See Schreiner, pages 174 and 175,\\nHence, it would seem that the Angora goats of the present\\nme. in the onl} three countries where they are being propa-\\ngated to any extent, consist of a cross-bred animal, as follows\\nIn Turkey, with the black, red, or blue, Kurd goat.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0191.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "i8o A Nnv Industry.\\nIn South Africa, with the short-haired, mixed-colored\\nBoer goat.\\nIn the United States, with the short-haired, mixed in color,\\nAlexican goat.\\nIt is quite true that, the progeny, from all the above crosses,\\npresents the same general characteristic as far as relates to\\nthe producing of mohair but, to a close observer, it is evident\\nthere is great difference in the length, and fineness, of the\\nfibre, some of it growing twelve to fifteen inches, while others\\nonly reach the length of six to eight inches some of it is very\\ncoarse in fibre, and others very fine some have wavy hair, while\\nin others it hangs in beautiful ringlets.\\nThe same relative difference exists in our sheep family\\nwith reference to wool, and it would be very surprising if such\\nwas not the case with mohair, for, with the indiscriminate cross-\\ning that has been going on for the past forty or fifty years, it\\nwould be a most remarkable phenomenon if the Angora goat\\nhad retained its original purity.\\nAs far as I have been able to learn, there has never been\\nany endeavor to improve the animal beyond that of raising\\nthe greatest possible amount of fleece. The size and form of\\ncarcass appears to have had little or no influence with breeders\\nand, as long as the one feature, mohair, was not lacking in\\nquantity, any goat was considered proper to breed.\\nFVom the illustrations in Mr. Schreiner s book on the\\nSouth African industry, it is quite evident a very great difference\\nexists, even in the selected animals that he has used to repre-\\nsent the type of the South African Angora.\\nThe C. G. Lee goat, for instance, on page 119, with its\\nstraight back, and imiform growth of fleece, is as different from\\nthe one bred by Mr. R. Featherstone (page 105), as the differ-\\nence is between two types of Merino sheep. Both are very super-\\nior animals no doubt, yet, after reading a description of the C. G.\\nLee animal, it is quite clear they belong to very different species,\\nand should not be classed together. And, on page 145, are two\\nvery handsome young Angora bucks, bred by John Rex, and the\\nlate J. B. Evans, which show very different points. One has", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0192.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "Breeding PastExperieiiec Result of Crossing the Angora. i8i\\na very full tuft of mohair on the forehead, while the other is\\nperfectly bare on the forehead.\\nReferring to the Lee goat, Mr. Schreiner says: Mr. C. G. Lee\\ncertainly possesses some of the purest, finest, and most remunerative goats\\nin South Africa. He recently wrote to the Eastern Proiince Herald, re-\\nmarking upon the undergrowtli in his goats, adding that it is the finest, and\\nmost valuable part of the fleece, being used by manufacturers in the place\\nof silk. See S:hreiner, page lOL\\nWriting about the difference in the Angora goat of Turkey,\\nMr. Diehl, in his report to the Agricultural Department in\\n1863, says\\nThere is also a second, or other, variety of Angora, or shawl wool,\\ngoat besides those generally described. This goat has an unchanging\\nouter cover of long, coarse hair, between the roots of which comes in\\nwinter an undercoat of downy wool that is naturally thrown off in spring,\\nor is carefully combed out for use. A remarkably fine species of this breed\\nexists throughout the area to which the white-haired goat is limited, and\\nsimilar br eds prevail all over the highlands of Turkish, and Persian\\nArmenia, Koordistan, and at Kirman; and, although some flocks yield\\nfiner fleeces than others, it is called the same wool, or underdown, as the\\nwool of Cashmere and Thibet, and samples of the wool of the Thibetian,\\nand the double-wooled goat of the banks of the Euxine show them to\\nbe but varieties of the same species.\\nThis goat is of a larger size than those of the more southern Tur-\\nkish provinces, and its wool finer, and is probably the variety introduced\\nby Dr. Davis from Asia Minor as the Cashmere, and now erroneously\\nso-called throughout the country, as all the importations to this country,\\nas far as we can learn, were shipped from ports on the Mediterranean,\\nor Constantinople, several thousand miles from Cashmere, or Thibet,\\nthrough inhospitable and almost untravelled countries for Europeans,\\nwhich goes far to prove the so-called Cashmere goat to be the Angora.\\nSee Agtl. Dept. Report for 1863, page 223.\\n(If we are to understand from ^unchanging outer-cover of\\nhair, mentioned above by IMr. Diehl, that it does not shed in\\nthe spring, it may explain, to a certain extent, the existence of a\\nnon-shedding type of mohair goats which I intend to refer to\\nlater on.)\\nMr. H. O. Binns states there are no less than thirty (Mr.\\nDiehl says there are forty) different kinds of mohair produced in\\nTurkey, but attributes it to diversitv of climate. He says", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0193.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "i8j a Nvzu Industry.\\nWith such a wide diversity of cHmate, it cannot be expected that\\nthe mohair from the whole area will be of one uniform kind. In fact,\\nabout thirty different kinds are produced from as many different localities.\\nThese localities I shall call goat districts. The following table gives a\\nlist of these different goat districts. Each name is that of a locality which\\nproduces its own peculiar kind of mohair. It may be taken as a prac-\\ntically complete list of the principal goat districts. After each name\\nthere is indicated in brackets, whether it is a kaza, which gives its name t-o\\nthe goat district, or a town, a village, or merely a place where a weekly\\nbazaar is held. The distances between many of the Jocalities are given,\\nas well as the distance of each from the town of Angora. These distances\\nare only approximate, but are accurate enough for the purpose to which\\nthey are applied. Turkish roads are reckoned by hours, as at the Cape,\\nand the Turkish hour is supposed to be three miles (at the Cape it is\\nsix.) This has been taken as the basis of computation in reckoning the\\nvarious distances.\\nIt is at once apparent from this list that, as has already been said, the\\nmohair area is practically comprised in the two provinces of Angora and\\nKastamouni; and, one is immediately struck by the fact, how short are the\\ndistances that separate many of the different goat districts from one\\nanother.\\nIn some of these goat districts there are district markets, where each\\nof the leading mohair merchants has his agent: there are, Eskischehr,\\nSivrihissar, Beibazar, Ayash, Nallikhan, Geredeh, Cherkesh, Changura,\\nKoniah, Sivas (and Van) Angora and Kastamboul being, of course,\\nthe two great markets. But every goat district mentioned in the above\\nlist is characterized by its own particular variety of mohair; the hair\\ngrown in each, has some special characteristic which enables an expert at\\nonce to distinguish it from all others.\\nThis seems strange, considering the short distances that tht var-\\nious centres are from one another; but there can be no doubt of its cor-\\nrectness, for all authorities are agreed upon it. For instance, Mr. Gavin\\nGatheral, in his paper, read before the Royal Colonial Institute in 1878,\\nsays that the mohair area (he makes it somewhat smaller than Mr. Binns)\\nproduces more than twenty varieties of hair, each of which is easily recog-\\nnized by experts. Mr. Binns is very clear upon the point. He says that\\neach district impresses some local peculiarity upon the hair grown in it.\\nHe adds: Goats in Turkey are constantly being sold round in small lots,\\nso that an intermixture continually goes on. Nevertheless, though out\\nof each of many parcels of mohair from every district in Turkey I could\\npick out many places which would so much resemble each other as^ to defy\\nthe best expert to tell which was which; yet, were lots of a few bales of\\nthe average mohair of each district placed in a row, and cut open at\\nthe side, any one of our Constantinople merchants could tell which was", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0194.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "C\\no\\n2\u00c2\u00ab\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a03 .5\\nS\u00c2\u00a3j Ht^pQ^\\nS^w\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Ig2\\ni^^5:\\n^2;^\\n5: ^^H\\nX\\nsgg\\nj$ i S; ?i Z aj ^t: E? fS H\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0!i\\nas\\n1^ S t;\\n.a j\\nd.::\\n1- 30 --c Tl -H -M r- I.-; O O x^ ;c -h -M re X :i x- -M O X x r- x O O oo\\n.2;Q\\nOl ;c X t- X -t^ -M -t CO 1.-5 ;c X 1- cr: re r\u00e2\u0080\u0094 o t- C^ c; O ^i^ ro i-( cD\\nt-H^-HrH\u00e2\u0080\u0094 IrHi-HrH rH I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 C] M Csl\\nrj\\nJ X\\nu p\\n15\\no\\nI. o\\n3\\nif -5\\nX\\n0:\\n1 X r-l S\\n5\\nHoc\\na\\nol\\nX\\nr\\n-t-\\nX\\npx\\nll\\n12;\\nM icQ^^S u ^MQW ^cQMooMOffl-/} c/:\\np\\nc\\n3\\n-0\\nS\\n?5\\nr^\\na\\n7j\\nX4\\n32\\n3i\\nN\\n^v\\n:a\\n;z:\\ns\\n3\\n-3\\n2 cS\\ns\\no\\n-L J I-^\\n_3\\n1-5\\no\\nX :e\\n^_\\n.s CO\\no\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a05\\n.;^licooill\\ni i^ T3\\nJ^ -^3 f^\\nu\\nS\\np\\nC3\\ni^^Obc^aTC ^^S-^f^ a\\nZ\\n\u00c2\u00a71 igli-\u00c2\u00b0^3 |j| .sir- r oi-.\\n2jD:B t S, :b s 0.^.5 tyoii 3 c-^ ^2 bi-- 3\\na\\n50}\\n73\\n:j\\nWQW\\nE-(\\ncq\\nm\\nS\\nW\\n1\\njq X", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0195.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "184 A Nnv Industry.\\nwhich. And we who have lived some years in the town of Angora, could\\ntell whether a small lot came from Hymane, Elma-Dagh, Stamos, etc.,\\nthough in some cases but a mile or two might separate the villages. But\\nthis, of course, the Constantinople merchants could not do.\\nAgain, regarding varieties of mohair (and necessarily of goats) he\\nsays: One cannot say they are exactly so many types, definitely fixng\\n:he number, for there are endless subdivisions; but, a connoisseur in\\nmohair can tell you, from the bulk of the bales, when opened, from\\nwhich particular district it has come, provided it has been sent separately\\nfrom the purchasing centre town of the same name. Each district dis-\\nplays a general type of its own, yet, in each, or most of them, there are\\nagain other subdivisions from the class, or type, of which a local agent can\\nalways tell, in a moment, where the mohair originally came from.\\nAgain, each district has its own peculiarities in class of mohair suf-\\nficient to enable a mohair expert to tell at a glance from which district,\\nor village, a parcel had come. But there is sometimes a difficulty on the\\nConstantmople market in identifying a lot of hair with any particular\\ndistrict, for the hair obtains its name from the town from which it was\\nsent to Constantinople, irrespective of where it was grown or purchased.\\nThus, the clips get mixed, many different kinds being ranked under one\\nname, for the travelling agents go from village to village making their pur-\\nchases and then lump the different clips together, and take the hair to the\\nbest market, under whose name all that lot of hair is henceforth known.\\nThus, if the Angora local market be higher than the Kastamboul market, the\\nhair grown in the kazas, in the UIgaz Dagh mountains, goes there,\\nand vice versa; and thus, a part of the same clip might one year be known\\nas Kastamboul hair, and the next as Angora hair. It seems, therefore,\\nclear that the only reliable testimony as to where the hair really is grown\\nand comes from in the first instance, is that of the local merchants and\\nbuyers in the towns of Angora, and Kastamboul. See Schreiner, pp.\\n110-114.\\nThis is certainly at variance with all authorities upon the\\nsubject of climatic influence on animals that I have ever read,\\nand has been clearly disproved by the experience we have\\nhad with the Angora goat in the United States, which has been\\nreared in nearly every State in the Union, in lowlands and high-\\nlands, in hot climates and cold climates, and there has been no\\nperceptible change in the character of the fleece (except, per-\\nhaps, that some has a much smoother feel and more lustre than\\nothers), and I am inchned to attribute this great difference in\\nthe quahty of mohair in Turkey, mentioned by Mr. Binns,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0196.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. i8^\\nrather to the course of breeding that has been followed, than\\nto the influence of the climate. It is well known that the color\\nof soil has a tendency to stain the fleece of an animal like a\\nsheep or goat. It is quite possible indeed, for any one familiar\\nwith the different sections in Texas, to determine where certain\\nwool was raised, by its color, or the dirt in it. I know, too.\\nit is claimed, that the West Indies, or any tropical climate, has\\na tendency to change the character of wool to that of hair, but\\nI am not prepared to believe this until I see it.\\nThere has never been any scientific effort to produce wool\\nin any of our tropical climates, and, because the sheep that art\\nraised in Mexico have a coarse, hairy fibre, is no evidence that\\nthe heat of that country is the cause. The Mexican is known\\nto be a very careless breeder, generally permitting his stock-\\nto interbreed at will, and it is not unlikely, a large amount of this\\nsupposed climatic influence is chargeable to a want of system..\\nIt seems to me if climate had any material influence upon the\\nhair of an animal, it would have a similiar influence upon the hair\\nof a human being, and, we all know, this is not the case, as for\\nexample, the African, and Asiatic, races, who continue to\\nproduce the same kind of hair the world over.\\nThe Encyclopedia Britannica, Volume I, page 84, says:\\nAnimals, especially the higher forms, are much less sensitive to\\nchange of temperature, as shown by the extensive ranges from north to\\nsouth of many species. Thus the tiger ranges from the equator to north-\\nern Asia, as far as the river Amour, and to the isothermal of 32 degrees\\nFahrenheit. Wolves and foxes are found alike in the coldest and hottest\\nparts of the earth.\\nThere is no doubt that a cold climate has a tendency to\\nincrease the quantity of wool that an animal produces, especially\\nthe sheep and, the experience we have had with the Angora\\ngoat in the United States shows that it has the same influence\\non this animal. A warm climate, too, has a tendency to reduce\\nthe quantity of wool, or hair, btit the quality is always the same\\nin both climates at least, such has been my observation with\\nthese animals in the United States.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0197.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "i86 A New Industry.\\nFood, in my opinion, has had more to do in shaping the\\noutcome of an animal, than chmate has ever done. Not many\\nyears ago, it was beheved to be impossible to breed any of the\\nimproved kinds of cattle in Texas, but the experience of the\\npast few years has demonstrated that they can, not only be pro-\\nduced as well, l)ut can be fattened, to as high a degree, as in any\\nof the colder States. This impression doubtless originated\\nthrough the many failures of ranchmen who turned thorough-\\nbred stock on the open range to hustle for their living with\\nnative stock. The result was, very naturally, disappointing; but,\\nas soon as proper care was taken to get the animals accustomed\\nto the change of food, they thrived quite as well as any of the\\nnatives did, and, in some instances, much better.\\nIt is a well known fact that some cattle raised in Texas\\nhave been made to develop into larger animals by transferring\\nthem to the range of Montana, and other Northern Territories.\\nThis is, doubtless, explained by the more nourishing kind of\\ngrass the animals received in the Northern Territories and not\\nby the change in climate. The best evidence of this is, that if\\na horse is kept up in the North, and another in the extreme\\nSouth, fed and cared for in the same identical way, they will\\nboth present the same general appearance.\\nIf climate has the effect to increase the size of an animal,\\nwhy is it that in many parts of the South may be found larger\\nmen and women than in some parts of the North\\nIt is, in my opinion, the blood that makes both man and\\nl)east and, if proper food is provided, the development of the\\nframe will be governed entirely by the class of blood the animal\\nhas.\\nWater, I think, has more or less to do in the matter of\\ndevelopment of both man and beast, and, when we reflect upon\\nthe wonderful medicinal qualities that water possesses, it is not\\nat all unlikely that many of the failures in raising the higher\\ngrades of live stock in the South is due to impure water, as well\\nas a poor class of food.\\nIn parts of Virginia, and Tennessee, native-born children\\ngrow to be larger, and heavier-boned, men, and women, in one", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0198.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. i8y\\nCounty over those raised in the adjoining County, which is sup-\\nposed to be caused by difference in water. Limestone existing\\nin one, and freestone in the other.\\nThat a very different kind of a goat from the original has\\nresulted from these several crossings there can be no doubt.\\nIn referring to this subject, Mr. Schreiner, quoting from Mr.\\nHenry O. Binns, describes the\\nOriginal pure Angora ram, in his prime, as about the size of a five\\nmonths old Cape kid, with small thin horns, wooled all over the body,\\nthe hair almost covering the eyes, exceedingly delicate, and so subject to\\ndisease that no one cared to keep him. What is today called the pure-\\nbred Angora is like the English thoroughbred horse, the result of cross-\\ning and re-crossing, until body, class, points, etc., have attained to what\\nis generally considered that the thoroughbred Angora ought to be. This\\npretty little animal did well to give 2i4 pounds of hair. See Schreiner\\npage 55.\\nAnd, referring to the effects of the crossing, Mr. Schreiner\\nadmits\\nThere is at tmes some considerable variation in the shape of horns.\\nThe ears, though the lop ears predominate there is much difference\\nin their droop; and, in their size, mouse ears being by no means infre-\\nquent; and such defects of covering, style of locks, etc., are evident-\\nly, in the main, due to the Angora having been crossed with the common\\ngoat, and to a less extent (at any rate in Asia Minor) with other varieties.\\nAnother different effect of crossing may be mentioned as of great impor-\\ntance, which is that the modern Angora often has two kids at a birth.\\nSee Schreiner, pages 103 and 104.\\nIt is Mr. Schreiner s opinion, too, that,\\nThis breed which is not yet quite fixed, but is gradually tending to\\nbecome so, is a larger, somewhat coarser, hardier breed, with an oilier\\nand much heavier fleece, which, though, not attaining to the high level of\\nthat of the original pure Angora, is nevertheless, in the best specimens,\\nof great beauty and excellence, and equal to the most exacting demands\\nof the purest mohair manufacturing trade. The ideal goat in\\nTurkey, today, has a leady-white tint of fleece, while, in the Cape, the\\ntendency is towards strazv color. See Schreiner, page 106.\\nCASHMERE, OR ANGORA.\\nIn connection with the breeding of the Angora goat in the\\nUnited States, it may be proper to state, that at least a portion", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0199.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "18S A Nezv Industry.\\nof the goats that Dr. Davis imported in 1849, were of the Thibet,\\nand Cashmere, breed, for he says, in his letter to the Agricultural\\nDepartment in 1853\\nI will now introduce the Thibet shawl goat, belonging to the cold-\\nest regions. I accidentally came into possession of a pair of these\\nanirtials, but lost the male. I have a considerable increase from the fe-\\nmale, bred with a Cashmere buck. The Thibet goat has, under a long\\ncoarse hair, a coat of beautiful white wool, which when combed, makes\\nabout a pound to the fleece. I had these specimens with me at the Zoo-\\nlogical Gardens in London, and, in comparing them with a stuffed spec-\\nmen of a Rocky Mountain goat, I could not discern the slightest differ-\\nence, nor do I yet see any change of the first cross of the Cashmere\\nbuck upon my Thibet doe, but in the third cross upon the Cashmere we\\nmay expect a valuable experiment by changing the fine under wool or\\ndown, into a conjoint and uniform covering of wool. See Agtl. Dept.\\nReport for 1853, page 21.\\nBearing on this matter, the following letter from Col. Zim-\\nmerman Davis, Secretary and Treasurer of the Charleston Water\\nWorks, and a nephew of Dr. Davis, wih be interesting.\\nCharleston, S. C, Sept. 8th, 1899.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir I am in receipt of your favor of the 1st inst. in regard to\\nthe Cashmere and Angora goats imported by my uncle, Dr. James B.\\nDavis, in 1849.\\nI was a lad, fifteen years old, when my uncle and his family return-\\ned from Turkey, with the animals he imported. He staid for some time\\nat my father s house here in Charleston, and the animals were kept in the\\nyard. They were a small llock of Cashmere goats, one large Thibet\\nand a Maltese Jack.\\nThe Thibet goat had two qualities of hair, the coarser quality being\\nthe longest, the finer quality being under, and next to the skin. I remem-\\nber that my aunt and her daughter would separate the two qualities by\\nhand, so as to get a higher price for the fleece. I never heard the Cash-\\nmere called Angora by him.\\nAfter a residence for some time in Charleston and vicinity, Dr.\\nDavis moved to the vicinity of Columbia, S. C. and after some years he\\nmoved back to his origina:! home in Monticello, in Fairfield county, where\\nhe died about the beginning of the Civil war. I remember that he, several\\ntimes sold a trio (a buck and two ewes) for $1500.00. He was also the\\nfirst to cross the Cashmere upon the native goat in order to make them\\n*See plate III.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0200.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "O s_\\n53 9;\\nItural Rep\\nfrom Tu\\nweight\\nhas not\\nII 1\\ncr\\n0^ u) rf\\nLU\\nX\\nen\\nes Agri\\ned in 18\\n3 pound\\ns anim\\nr\\n5rin\u00c2\u00a3\\nD\\nII 1\\n_J\\n?a^^\\nn\\nCO)\\nC (3 S\\nd c-\u00c2\u00b0\\nshe\\ntIant\\narol\\nwill\\nUi,\\n--D\\nS?\\n0)00\\na 0-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0201.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^i:", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0202.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 191\\nhardy and acclimated, and, I think that he considered the seven-eighths\\nCashmere as good and hardier than the full blood. He sold out his en-\\ntire stock to Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Ga., previous to his death.\\nYours very truly,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ZIMMERMAN DAVIS.\\nDr. J. L. Hayes (18G8) gives the experience of Col. Robt.\\nW. Scott, of Frankfort, Ky., who was celebrated as a scientific\\nbreeder, and the creator of what is known as the improved Ken-\\ntucky sheep, who describes the animals he had as having tzvo\\ncoats of hair-f but, of a very dififerent kind from the sort Col.\\nDavis describes and, as his goats came from the Davis impor-\\ntation, it is quite evident that a change had taken place in the\\ncharacter of the fleece they produced since he had been breed-\\ning them.\\nThe following report on the Davis goats (then owned b}\\nCol. Richard Peters, of Georgia,) was made at the New York\\nState Fair, held in New York City in 1854\\nThe undersigned cannot avoid the conclusion, that in the goats im-\\nported, and whose descendants have been the subjects of this examination,\\nwe have the first known specimens of that valuable race of animals from\\nwhose hairy fleece the celebrated shawls are manufactured, known in com-\\nmerce by the inappropriate name of red camcVs hair. As the fleece does\\nnot appear to have deteriorated in the comparatively warm climate of\\nSouth Carolina, the distinctive character of the race is hard to be oblitera-\\nted, while in the northern region of the United States, this character can\\nnot well fail to be permanent. Viewed in this light, the introduction\\nof this animal promises to be of more value to the agriculture of the Uni-\\nted S:atcs than that of almost any other domestic animal. See U. S.\\nAgtl. Dept. 1863, page 228.\\nJAMES REN WICK,\\nJOSEl H R, CHILTON,\\nW. II ELLIOTT.\\nFlere is an extract from a report of the special committc\\nappointed by the American Institue, at their exhibition in Nev;\\nYork City, in 1855:\\nThey have examined with much interest the fleece subm tted to them,\\nand, as well from their own observations, as from the results of a micro-\\nscopic examination made and certified to by several gentlemen of scien-\\ntific eminence well known to them, are convinced that the fibre of these", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0203.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "ip2 A Ne-cu ]iuiiisfry.\\nfleeces is idcnlical in character, and I nlly ecjual in value to tliat from\\nwhich the highly prized Cashmere shawls arc made. The fleeces on exhi-\\nbition, and now under examination, amount to from four to eight pounds\\neach. The enterprise exhibited by the introduction of these animals into\\nthis country, and their propagation, cannot be tod highly regarded.\\nFirst These animals are long lived, such being the case witli the\\nwhole goat race.\\nSecond. They are prolific, breeding at the age of one year, with a\\nperiod of gestation of about five months and yielding twins almost uni-\\nversally after the first birth.\\nThird. IMiey are hardy, experience having shown that they will\\nthrive well in our climate from Georgia to New England, and that they\\nrequire coarse ami cheap food, as the inferior grasses, briers, bushes,\\netc., such as is refused by other grazing animals.\\nFourth. They produce a fleece of from four to eight pounds, val-\\nued at from $0.00 to $8.00 per pound in France or Paisley, Scotland, for\\ntJie manufacture of those high-priced shawls. These fleeces can be pro-\\nduced when the animals become numerous, at a less cost than the com-\\nmon sheep s wool, and far superior to it.\\nAnother fact of great practical value to our agricultural interests\\nis the facility with which the Cashmere goats breed with the common\\ngoats of our country. From these, and other, considerations, of the cor-\\nrectness of which your committe have entire confidence, it will be obvious\\nthat every encouragement should be shown this new enterprise a bold,\\nand iudici(_)us, movement. (See U. S. Agtl. Report, 18G3, p. 228.)\\nB p. JOHNSON,\\nCHARLES J. GOODRICIJ,\\nJAMES J. MAPES.\\nWc add a few extracts from .some of the various and val-\\nual)!e ])til)!islied reports made upon this siil)ject, showing the\\ninterest it has attracted frcjm time to time.\\nThe fohowing report on Cashmere goats was made at the\\nexhil_)iti()n (jf the Ihhted w^tates .Agricultural Society, lield at\\nriiiladelphia, I a.. in 18r)(), at which a si^eeial premium of $Jt)U.OO\\nwas awarded to Richard Peters, of Oeorgia: (From Diehl s\\npaper on The (loal.\\nThey have become known as Cashmere goats from the pure white\\ncolor, and fineness of their fleeces, and their undoubted Eastern origin.\\nThe fleeces from the matured bucks weigh from six to seven pounds,\\nthose from the ewes from three to four jjounds. The flesh of the crosses", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0204.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "Ei:^\\nt^ ij c\\no q;\\nu\\nr?*^o\\nPpB\\nLU\\nffl\\nc ._\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0n\\n.E^\\niJ) \u00c2\u00b0o\\nUJ\\nS\u00c2\u00a3r\\n-o o", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0205.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0206.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "Breeding PastExperienec Result of Crossing the Angora, ipj}\\nis superior to most mutton, tender and delicious, making them a desir-\\nable acquisition to our food-producing animals. The ease with which\\nthey are kept, living as they do on weeds, briers, browse, and other coarse\\nherbage, fits them for many portions of our country where sheep cannot\\nbe sustained to advantage, while their ability and disposition to defend\\nthemselves against dogs, evidence a value peculiar to this race. They\\nare free from all diseases to which sheep are liable, hardy and prolific, and\\nexperience has proven that they readily adapt themselves to all portions\\nof the United States. The bucks breed readily with the common goats\\nthe second cross yielding a fleece of practical utility, whilst the fourth is\\nbut little inferior to that of the pure breed. A flock of valuable wool-\\nbearing goats can be raised in a few years, by using grade bucks. See\\nAgtl. Dcpt. Report 18G3, page 227.\\nIn 1856, by a resolution of the Southern Central Agricul-\\ntural Association of Georgia, a committee was appointed to\\nreport on the goats now in the possession of Mr. Richard\\nPeters, of Atlanta, (these were the same goats referred to by\\nDr. Davis in 1853, he having sold them to Col. Peters in 1854)\\nand in compliance therewdth, presented through Dr. John Bach-\\nman, the eminent naturalist, of Charleston, South Carolina, their\\nChairman, an elaborate report, from which the followang is an\\nextract\\nFamiliar as we have been through a long life with the changes pro-\\nduced by crosses among varieties of domestic animals and poultry, there\\nis one trait in these goats which is more strongly developed than in any\\nother variety that we have ever known. We allude to the wonderful facil-\\nity with which the young, of the cross betweeen the male of the Asiatic\\ngoat, and the female of the common goat, assumes all of the character-\\nistics of the former. It is exceedingly difficult to change a breed that\\nhas become permanent in any of our domestic varieties, whether it be that\\nof horses, cattle, sheep, or hogs, into another variety by the aid of the\\nmale of the latter. There is a tendency to run back into their original va-\\nrieties; hence, the objection to mixed breeds. But in the progeny of these\\nAsiatic, and common goats, nine-tenths of them exhibit the strongest\\ntendency to adopt the characteristics of the male, and to elevate them-\\nselves into the higher and nobler grade, as if ashamed of their coarse,\\ndingy hair, and musky aromatics, and desirous of washing out the odor-\\nous perfume, and putting on the white liverv of a more respectable race.\\nMr. Peters has not bred any quarter-breeds. He made wethers of all his\\nhalf-breed males, of 1856, and sold his three-quarter blood bucks. He\\nnow owns 150 half-blood females, seventy-five three-fourths blood", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0207.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "ip6 A Nezu Industry.\\nfemales, and six seven-eighths blood females. He has also four females\\nthree-quarters Asiatic and one-quarter Thibet shawl. There appears to\\nbe no improvement in this mixture with the Shawl goat, over that pro-\\nduced by a union with the common goat; indeed, the product which we\\nsaw in Charleston from what was called the Cashmere, and the Asiatic\\ngoat, was decidedly inferior.\\nThe half-bloods, as we have staled, have an undercoat of fine, downy\\nwool, closely resembling and equal in quality, and quantity, to the fleece\\nof the Thibet Sha\\\\yr goats imported into this country. The three-quarter\\nbreeds in mid-winter show an undercoat of greater quantity and length.\\nIn both grades this under-fur drops out in summer. The fifteen-six-\\nteenths, or one-sixteenth common goat resembles the Asiatic goat in\\nquantity and quality of fleece and size of carcass so closely that we found\\nit impossible to distinguish them from the full-bloods. Another advant-\\nage is likely to result from this admixture with the common goat: The\\nhalf-blood females produce two kids at a birth, and the three-quarter\\nblood females, generally, although not always, two. Thus the breed\\nmay be rendered more prolific. We here perceive in how short a period\\nof time our whole race of now almost worthless goats may be converted\\ninto a breed valuable for its flesh and wool. (See Agtl. Dept. Report,\\nJ857, pp. 63-64.)\\nIt will be observed that Dr. Davis, as well as other author-\\nities referred to above, mention these goats as being of the\\nThibet, and Cashmere, breed, and for a number of years\\nthey were called Cashmere by every one interested, but it ap-\\npears that through the action of cross-breeding with our com-\\nmon goat the fur underneath the hair disappeared to a great\\nextent in a few years, and finally, disappeared altogether.\\nIt then became a question with many as to whether they were\\nthe Cashmere or the Angora. Dr. Davis, unfortunely, died,\\nor perhaps he could have explained the cause of the changed\\ncondition of his goats. At all events, the matter remained in\\ndoubt for a number of years during which a very considerable\\ninterest was taken to decide upon their breeding. In Dr.\\nBachman s report on them, he says\\nThis animal differs also from the Angora goat to which it has a\\nnearer approach, and from which this improved variety has probably\\ndescended. In the few specimens of the Angora which we saw many\\nyears ago in Europe, and in the figures now extant of this variety, the\\nears, compared with those of the goats of Mr. Peters were smaller and", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0208.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "Breeding F ast Experience\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Resiilt of Crossing the Angora, ipy\\nless pendulous; the tail much longer; the neck covered with a mane of\\nalmost straight hair, reaching the shoulders, and uniting with the beard\\nunder the chin; the body was larger and more goat-like, and had less\\nthe appearance of a sheep than the present variety. The fleece was\\nequally white and glossy, but more than twice as coarse. By what local\\nname this breed of goats, owned by Mr. Peters, is called in the East,\\nremains for some future naturalist or traveler to determine. It will prob-\\nably be found among some of the varieties spoken of by Hodgson, and\\nother travelers, who have given very imperfect descriptions of the varieties\\nexisting in the hilly regions of Nepal and Thibet, but who say of them:\\nOne character they all have in common pendent or semi-pendent ears,\\nmore or less prolonged, and in all the hair falls in long masses, sometimes\\ntwisted into spiral ringlets.\\nWe have adopted the usual rule among naturalists in designating\\nanimals by the common names under which they were sent, leaving it\\nto time, and further observation to determine their true place in science.\\nHence, we have continued the name under which it was imported, which\\nmay have been Cashmere in one of the languages of the East, as it is\\na general term, the name of the country which is known to possess several\\ndistinct varieties, both of the goat and sheep. At present, we can only\\ndesignate them by the general term Asiatic goats, or, to be more definite,\\nas the Davis Cashmere goats, from the individual who introduced them.\\nSee Agtl. Dept. Rept. 1857, p. 59.\\nCol. Peters himself was long in doubt as to their real char-\\nacter, for he says in a letter to the Agtl. Dept. in 1855\\nThey differ materially from the Thibct-shawl goats, and also from\\nthe Angora goats, although they may prove to be of that variety, changed\\nby climate, breeding and selection. They are, in ni} opinion, the true\\nCashmere goat, a variety never before introduced into Europe, nor\\nAmerica. See Agtl. Dept. Report 1855, page 54.\\nBut later he decided on their being the Angora, and they\\nhave gone by that name ever since. Dr. Davis seems to have\\nanticipated that there would be a decided change in the charac-\\nter of their fleece for, he stated most distinctly, in his letter\\nto the Agtl. Dept. in 1853, above referred to:\\nIn the third cross we may expect a valuable experiment by chang\\ning the fine underwool, or down, into a conjoint and uniform covering of\\nwool. (See Agtl. Dept. Report 1853, page 21.)\\nIt should be borne in mind that, the goats of Dr. Davis, pro-\\nduced one pound of under-hair, which is much more than the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0209.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "ig8 A Nczv Industry.\\nCashmere goat produces and would indicate that his animals,\\nwhile possessing- the same characteristic as the Cashmere,\\nwere of a different, and far superior, species, as the latter are only\\nsaid to produce about hi o ounces of undercoating (See Appen-\\ndix on Cashmere goat.) The double coating, as above stated,\\ndisappeared entirely in a few years, and there has never been\\nany evidence of such an animal in the United States since* that\\ntime, which gave rise to much doubt as to whether Dr. Davis\\nstatements concerning the character of his goats were correct.\\nIn a newspaper interview, with Col. Richard Peters in At-\\nlanta, Georgia, in 1876, that gentleman says\\nDr. Davis had fallen into error as to the native country of his\\ngoats, and believing them to be Casluncrc, quoted their fleeces as being\\nworth from six to eight dollars per pound while in reality they were \\\\4n-\\ngoras whose fleece, known to commerce as mohair, has been an article\\nof import into Great Britian, and this country, for years, and held at from\\nsixty cents, to one dollar, per pound.\\nWishing to obtain the most authentic information upon this\\nsubject that was possible, I addressed a letter to Mrs. Harriett\\nK. White, a daughter of Dr. Davis, asking if she did not have\\namong the papers of her deceased father some evidence that\\nwould be likely to explain this matter, and the following is that\\nlady s reply\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Bryan. Texas, :March ^(i, lUOO.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: Since the receipt of your letter I have been trying to\\nobtain the information you asked for. I have recently come into posses-\\nsion of a small trunk of letters, and papers, and I think it will aid you in\\nyour work, to give you the result of my researches.\\nYours very truly.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0096\u00a0H;\\\\RRIET K. WHITE\\nThe following are among the extracts from the newspapers\\nthat Mrs. White so kindly has supplied me with which were\\nprinted in 185G.\\n*Since the foregoing was penned, Mr. J. C. Hightower, of Ruidosa,\\nNew Mexico, has sent me a sample of hair from a ten-year-old buck,\\nwhich shows the two coats of hair very distinctly, which I shall refer to\\nmore particularly later on.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0210.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora, ipp\\nFrojii the New York Country Gentleman:\\nWe are under obligations to R. C. Foster, Esq., of Nashville Tenn.,\\nfor samples of wool from Cashmere goats, from the flock of Mr. William-\\nson of Sumner County, Tennessee, who Mr. F. informs us, has about\\nthirty of these goats. The wool, or hair, as we suppose it may more prop-\\nerly be called, is a beautiful, soft, silky, article, from ten to twelve inches\\nin length. We should be glad to have the history of this flock, the\\namount of produce, etc.\\nThen follows:\\nThe following report was made by Col. Richard Allen, late of Ken-\\ntucky, and long and favorably known as a wool grower, under whose\\ncare these animals were placed during the winter of 1855-(), being the first\\nwinter after they were brought to Tennessee.\\nGallatin, Sumner County, Tennessee, June 5th, 1856.\\nTo the Editors of the Ciiltivaior and Country Gentleman:\\nI have been thinking for some time of calling your attention, and\\nof the numerous readers of your widely circulated agricultural journals to\\nthe recent importations of the Cashmere shawl goat, an animal, as re-\\nmarkable for the extreme fineness of its fleece, as for the enormous prices\\nwhich it at all times commands in market. The first, and only importa-\\ntion to the United States, was made a few years since, from Turkey\\nin Asia, by Dr. James B. Davis of Columbia, S. C, who resided some\\nj^ears in the East, and procured them under great difficulties, and at\\nmuch cost, and personal hazard. They have been recently introduced\\ninto Tennessee by Messrs. Williamson, Adams Co., an enterprising\\nfirm of public spirited gentlemen at Gallatin, Tenn., and are now on\\nmy farm near this place. The company have a charter of incorporation\\ngranted by the last Legislature of the State which is doing all in its power\\nfor the encouragement of the farming interests, having in successful op\\neration societies under the direct charge of a State Bureau, in the three\\ngrand divisions of the State in connection with the County societies in\\nmost of the large and populous counties. The fact is, Tennessee, so\\nlong behind-hand in that public countenance to these interests, is now far\\nahead of most of the older States in the encouragement and fostering\\nof associations for the advancement of agricultural and mechanical arts.\\nMost of your readers are doubtless familiar with the history of\\nthe Cashmere goat, and it is scarcely necessary to speak of the in-\\ntrinsic value of the wool over that of any other fleeced animal known.\\nThe most fabulous prices at which the shawls have sold is known to\\nalmost every one, often approaching thousands of dollars each. One\\nof the chief causes of its high value is the unperishable nature of the\\ngoods manufactured from the Cashmere-wool surpassing in durabil-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0211.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "200 A Nciv Industry.\\nity of wear all other articles. The adaptation of the animal to our cli-\\nmate has now been fully tested, while its hardy and lively nature; its\\nhabits and self-protection from dogs, and other enemies, are qualities\\nwhich highly recommend them. They can be raised advantageously,\\nand thrive upon weeds, and briars, etc., which are rejected by other\\nanimals. Not the least remarkable is the manner of gathering the fleece\\nwhich is pulled, instead of being sheared. I have recently weighed the\\nfleece from one, and it turned out three pounds, ten ounces (3 lbs. 10 ozs.)\\nsemi-annually.\\nThe entire yield of the Company s stock has been engaged in\\nthe City of New York at $8.50 per pound, from which point it will be\\nsent to Paisley, in Scotland, for manufacturing into the shawls. I beg\\nleave to enclose a sample of my raising.\\nIt may not be out of place in this connection to remark that great\\ncredit is due to Dr. Davis of South Carolina, for the enterprise he\\nexhibited in the introduction of the goat to this country. He was, at\\nthe time in the employ of the Turkish government, at a salary of\\n$15,000.00, engaged in experiments upon the growing of cotton in the\\nSultan s dominions. He went out upon the recommendation of Pres-\\nident Polk, to whom application was made by the Turkish government\\nfor the services of some competent Southern gentleman familiar with\\nthe cotton culture.\\nWhile there, he determined to procure the goat from its native\\nwilds, ihe story of the journey would be tedious for my brief letter,\\nand I will merely add that, with an expensive outfit at Constantinople,\\na perilous journey of months, and the loss of many men and camels, he\\nsucceeded in capturing, and carrying off, eleven of the famous animals\\nwhose fleeces in the shape of shawls are so highly prized, and coveted\\nby the ladies of all civilized nations, and for which prices almost start-\\nling have been paid by the wealthy.\\nOn his return home Dr. Davis visited London and exhibited liis\\nflock at the British Museum, attracting great attention, an account of\\nwhich may be found in the files of the London Times of that date. They\\nwere, also, afterwards exhibited at Paris.\\nAfter a careful examination of the whole subject I can not avoid\\nthe conclusion that the introduction of the animal will constitute an\\nera in manufacturing which can not fail to result in great profits, to\\nthose engaged in it. There has not been a single instance, up ,to this\\ndate, where a Cashmere shawl goat has brought at sale less than\\n$1000.00 each.\\nRtCHARD ALLEN.\\nExtract from a microscopic examination of the hair of the\\nAsiatic goats, by George L. SchafTer, M. D., U. S. Patent\\nOffice", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0212.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 201\\nAs the history of these goats has already been given in the agri-\\ncultural reports of the Patent Office for 1853, as well as in other pub-\\nHcations by Dr. J. B. Davis of S. C, it is deemed unnecessary to repeat\\nit here.\\nThe full-bred animals of this importation, as well as their crosses\\non the common goa.t, have been sent to various parts of the country.\\nDr. D. C. Ambler of New York, who has introduced them into that\\nState, has presented the specimens for examination at this office.\\nThe value and good points of these animals have been so well\\nreported upon at the various exhibitions, at which they have taken\\nprizes, that I shall say nothing upon this subject, but proceed at once\\nto the immediate object of this paper.\\nThe first specimen examined was from a full-bred Davis female\\nborn in South Carolina, and carried when three months old to Water-\\nville, Oneida County, New York, by Dr. Ambler, by whom it is now\\nowned. The fleece was taken when twelve months old. The lock ex-\\namined shows a very beautiful curled, or wavy hair, of silvery whiteness,\\nwith a fine downy wool at its base. The hair selected for representation\\nwas ten inches long, and magnified four hundred times. The next\\nspecimen, was, from a full-bred female, born in South Carolina, and\\ncarried to Harper s Ferry in Virginia, when four months old, owned\\nby Col. B. Davenport. The fieece was taken when twelve months old.\\nIn this lock, the down-wool was somewhat more abundant than in the\\nformer, the hair being nearly as long and a little finer. The third\\nspecimen was from a full-bred male born in South Carolina, similar to\\nthe former in the hair, with less down-wool.\\nThe fourth specimen was from a second-cross between the full-\\nbred, and common goat, born in South Carolina, and carried to New\\nYork, when four months old. The fleece was taken when twelve months\\nold, five inches in length, exceedingly beautiful in color, and texture,\\nand about equal to the finest saxony wool, all of which were compared\\nwith different hairs from a piece of shawl stuff, imported from Calcutta,\\nand said to be the finest ever brought to this country. After which,\\nMr. Schaifer states: It is gratifying to be assured that the fleece may\\nbe raised in this country, with a fineness closely approximating to that\\nwhich it has ever attained in Asia under the most favorable circum-\\nstances.\\nFrom the Weekly American Banner, Yazoo City, Miss.\\nWe have in our sanctum a specimen of the fleece of the\\ngenuine Cashmere goat. Nothing of the kind, which we have ever\\nseen, approaches it in softness, fineness and beauty. It is long, silky,\\nsilvery, finer than spun-glass, and quite as glossy. Those of our friends\\nwho have a taste for such things are invited to call and see it.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0213.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "202 A Nnv Industry.\\nThe Cashmere goat is not sheared like a sheep, but the fleece is\\npulled off twice every year. An ordinary fleece weighs between three\\nand four pounds. The New York price is $8.50 per pound making at\\nleast $51.00 a year for each goat, while there is no cost in feeding them,\\nfor they are as frugal and hardy as the common goat. How much better\\nwould it be for a company of our citizens, letting cotton alone, as much\\nless profitable to introduce the Cashmere goat. The cost at first would\\nbe considerable; the goats selling about $1000.00; but each one would\\nmake a return of five per cent, while the increase is so rapid that the\\nprofit would soon be a hundred per cent.\\nThe cross with the common goat, even the second cross, yields a\\nfine, and beautiful fleece, though not so long, and fine, as the pure breed.\\nOur country is indebted to Dr. J. B. Davis of Columbia, S. C, for\\nthe importation of the Cashmere goat from Turkey in Asia. He was\\nformerly employed by the Sultan to experiment upon the culture of\\ncotton in Turkey, and while there he succeeded in capturing and bring-\\ning home eleven goats. No others have ever been imported, but the\\nCashmere goats are already becoming numerous in the United States.\\nThe fabric manufactured from its fleece is not only beautiful, but the\\nmost durable in the world, and it is the union of these two qualities\\nwhich makes it so costly.\\nFrom the Presbyterian Herald, Louisville, Ky.\\nExpensive animals. Among the passengers by the Hudson River\\nRailroad on Saturday were two Cashmere goats bound for Tennessee.\\nThe Albany Times says they were purchased in South Carolina at $2600,\\nand have been exhibited in New York. Admitting the two animals to\\nweigh sixty pounds, for they are diminutive creatures, they would\\ncost about forty-four dollars per pound, which is a rather extrav-\\nagant price, almost equal to what Esau paid on one occasion for a\\nmess of pottage, made from similar meat. As the wool of these goats,\\nhowever, sells for eigJif dollars per pound, the specimens above referred\\nto may prove a good investment.\\nFrom the Philadelphia Ledger:\\nIt is not as yet generally known that the Thibet goat, from whose\\nwool the famous Cashmere shawls are made, has been introduced suc-\\ncessfully into the United States. This enterprising undertaking was\\nachieved a few years ago after difficulties by Dr. J. B. Davis of Colum-\\nbia, S. C, at that time employed by the Ottoman Porte in experimenting\\non the growth of cotton in the Sultan s dominions. Dr. Davis succeeded\\nat vast expense in securing eleven head of pure breed which, on his way\\nhome, he exhibited in London and Paris. Since that period the goat\\nhas been introduced from South Carolina into Tennessee, where it is\\nsaid to thrive.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0214.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "Breeding PastExperienee Result of Crossing the Angora. 20^\\nFrom the Sumner (Term.) Flag:\\nThe value of a flock may be estimated from the fact that no real\\nThibet goat has ever been sold for less than one thousand dollars.\\nThis enormous price, moreover, is not a speculative one, for no fleeced\\nanimal has wool of such fineness, softness, and durability. The wool\\nof all Thibet goats in Tennessee, for example, has been engaged in\\nNew York this year at eight dollars and a half per pound. The pur-\\nchasers desiring to send it to Paisley. Scotland in order to be manuufac-\\ntured into shawls.\\nFrom the Examiner, of Gallicin, Tenn.\\nHigh-priced wool. The first lot of Cashmere wool raised in Tennes-\\nsee was sold last week in this place by the agent of the Sumner Cashmere\\nCompany for $8.50 per pound. We learn it is to go to the Shakers of\\nKentucky, where it will be combed, and probably manufactured into\\ntextile fabrics.\\nWe were shown, a few days ago, a specimen of fleece from a half-\\nblood Cashmere goat raised by Dr. James M. Head, of this County.\\nIt is about three inches long, of a silvery whiteness, and about equal\\nto the finest Saxony wool. It is interspersed with a few coarse hairs,\\nwhich will disappear with another cross, each increasing the length and\\nfineness of the fibre.\\nDr. Head has refused $200.00 for the kid, the dam of which cost him\\none dollar about a year since.\\nNumerous other quotations might be made, but the above\\nI think are quite sufficient to prove the fact that the Davis\\ngoats did not eonie from Angora in Turkey, but, were undoubt-\\nedly, a different variety of goats, which Dr. Davis had probably\\nlearned of during his stay in the employ of the Turkish govern-\\nment. I reach this conclusion from two circumstances that are\\nabundantly substantiated by the testimony I have. just given\\nFirst. Mr. Richard Allen stales: While there he (3Ir.\\nDavis) determined to procure the goat from its native wilds. The\\nstory of the journey would lie tedious for my brief letter, and I will\\nmerely add: With an expensive outfit at Constantinople, a per-\\nilous journey of months, and the loss of many men and camels, he\\nsucceeded in capturing, and carrying off eleven of the famous\\nanimals.\\nSecond. The price that the fleece of these animals sold for\\nis uniformly placed at $6.00 to $8.50 per pound, and was sent to\\nPaiselv Scotland, to be made into fabrics.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0215.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "204 Nciv Industry.\\nIt is well known and must have been known to Dr. Davis,\\nwho resided for three years in Turkey that, the ordinary An-\\ngora goat was obtainable with little or no trouble, within a\\nfew hours travel of Constantinople. ^VJt!/ then sjiovld lie have\\nfitted out such et lai ge and expensive ex])editio)i, and ha ve con-\\nsumed months in a \u00e2\u0096\u00a0periloifsjuurnef/y\\nAnd, as to the value of the fleeces. It is well known that or-\\ndinary mohair was an article of export to Great Britain at the\\ntime Dr. Davis was living- in Constantinople, and he must have\\nbeen familiar with its market value.\\nIt was quoted at 48 cents per pound in 185G, when the com-\\nmittees of gentlemen, appointed by the various fairs and agri-\\ncultural associations, reported it as being worth $G.OO to $8.00\\nper pound. It is idle to suppose that these honorable gentlemen\\nwere ignorant of this conmiercial fact and, to suppose that they\\nwould sit upon a committee for the purpose of attesting to the\\nmerits of an article, and fail to investigate very fully into that\\nfeature of their report, is too silly to admit of argument.\\nThat the animals referred to were of the character des-\\ncribed, there cannot be the shadow of a doubt and, the only\\nexplanation that can be advanced for the change in the nature\\nof the wool, or fleece, is that, thr u{/h t/ie crossijig of the pure\\nIjreed animal, ivith the common short /laired varietij of tins country\\nan entirely different class (f .stock iras pnidnced which, in a great\\nmeasure fully vindicates the opiju on expressed t)y Dr. Davis in\\n1 S5S, when he reported to the Agricnltural Department that:\\nIn the third cross upon the Cashmere, we may expect a valuable\\nexperiment by changing the fine under-\\\\vool, or down, into a conjoint\\nand uniform covering of wool.\\nBearing further and with much greater force on this cjues-\\ntion, Mrs. White writes me as follows\\n-Bryan, Texas, April 17th, lOoO.\\nMr. W. L. Black, Fort McKavett, Texas:\\nDear Sir Your valued letter of April 8th, has been received, with\\nmy father s report to the Patent Office m 1853. Thank you very much\\nfor both. I return the printed extracts which you can keep as long ^y\\nyou please. T shall now answer your other questions.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0216.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 20 j\\nBishop Southgate, of the Episcopal Church, was Bishop of Turkey,\\nand while the Sultan was having a residence built for my father on the\\nfarm where the cotton experiment was going on, my father and mother\\nlived with the Bishop. The conversations were varied and interesting,\\n;ind my father s interest in animals being known, the Bishop told him\\nof these Cashmere goats, which he had seen in Persia and India. He\\nhad a native friend in Persia who could procure these Caslimere^ goats.\\nA messenger who could be trusted was sent with a letter to Bishop South-\\ngate s- native friend in Persia. He obtained the pure-blooded Cashmere,\\nand one pair of Thibet goats. Of course, camels generally led by a\\ndonkey were as mucli used in those days as pack horses were once\\nused in Texas. They came to Constantinople from all quarters, and\\ncamels and men were employed for all purposes. It was several months\\nbefore the goat messenger returned, btit he came back finally. The\\ngoats originally cost, in the remote regions of Asia, from four to six\\ndollars apiece, but by the time they were brought to where my father\\nmet them and brought them to the farm near Sin Stefans, Turkey,\\nand then brought them to this country, via London and Paris, the cost\\nwas large. He sold the goats at $1,000.00 each\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I know\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the $100.00*\\nwas an error.\\nThese goats were pure Cashmere and one pair of Thibet. My father\\nwas very particular on this point because the Angora goat had coarser\\nhair. Col. Peters and my father discussed this question, and I do not\\nbelieve in that reported interview in which he said they were not Cash-\\nmere, The Cashmere had very long fine white silk locks. The Thibet\\nhad an outer coat of blue-gray hair, and under this an extremely fine\\nwhite fleece. I do not think the goats shed their fleece. The graded\\ngoats had fine, beautiful fleece, and in some crosses the only way to\\ndetect the cross was down the spine where some coarse hair betrayed\\nthe mixture. Animals are like plants, more affected by altitude than\\nlatitude, and of course, in the process of crossing on common goats there\\nwould, sometimes, occur a reversion of type, that might look as if the\\nCashmere was not all that was claimed for it, but before Darwin this\\nwas not understood as it is now. There were two or three importations of\\ngoats purporting to be Cashmere, but my father said they were Angora\\ngoats, and of a coarser fleece. His long reidence in Turkey three\\nyears gave him time, and his position gave him an opportunity to get\\nwhat he wanted, and what he imported to this countrj^ the true Cash-\\nmere goat. I know he sold the graded goats for $200.00 each, and of\\ncourse he got more for the higher grades, and one thousand for the full-\\nbloods.\\n*This refers to a report in the Agricultural Report of 1855, quoted\\nheretofore, which I remarked must have been a typographical error.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0217.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "2o6 A New Iiidiisfry.\\nThe Scinde goat is in the picture,* also the Thibet ewe, Cashmere\\ngoat, Water Buffalo and Brahmins. The Earl of Derby said to my\\nfather: What will you take for a pair of those Cashmere goats? I\\nwant them more than anything you hav My father answered: You\\nmay have a pair for a certain Brahmin cow in Surrey Gardens, and r\\nmale Brahmin (in some other noted collection).\\nYou shall have them, said the Earl of Derby.\\nA pure white Brahmin bull and a beautiful sort of sorrel heifer was\\nobtained, and exchanged for one pair of goats. These two Brahmins\\nwere afterwards sold for $4,000.00 for the pair. You will see how highly\\nthese goats were vahied.\\nThe zvatcr oxen my father brought from Turkey, having originally\\nbeen brought there from some other country. I have a beautiful group\\nof these painted from the original importation. I took the picture of the\\ngoats, etc., from the frame and carried it to the photographer, and he\\nwill have it in a few days ready to send you. I have an engraving of a\\ngoat that I will also have photographed, and I will send them to you\\nas soon as they are finished.\\nMy father was in Europe three years, ranging from somewhere in\\n184G to 1849.\\nIf there is any other information you woujd like, I shall be glad to\\ngive it.\\nVery truly yours.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2HARRIET E. WHITE.\\nSOME MORE CHANGES.\\nIn IcSfiii, Air. S. S. Williams of Granville, Ohio, in a letter to\\nthe Hon. Israel H. Diehl referring to his own goas, says:\\nT have about one hundred goats. In regard to the breed of my\\ngoats, whether Angora or Cashmere mine belong to that breed\\nfirst introduced by Dr. J. B. Davis, as Cashmeres, and which\\nhave generally gone by that name to this day. But if the Cash-\\nmere goat is the animal bearing a coarse hair, with an under-\\ngrowth of only a few ounces of fine fleece, then mine are not\\nCashmeres, though known as Cashmeres in this country; and, from the\\ndescription of Rees, and others, mine are the i;ig 07-a, for they describe my\\ngoats as correctly as I can myself. I rest satisfied that our goat, whatever\\nit should be called, is valuable, and I care little for the name. I send\\nyou a sample of the wool of my buck, Sampson, which clips over six\\npounds. Of course, I think he is more valuable than an animal yielding\\nonly three ounces of but little finer quality. (See Agtl. Dept. Report,\\n1863. p. -i-iii).\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^See })late III. on the extreme right hand side.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0218.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 207\\nDr. Scott s description of the changed condition in the ani-\\nmal is peculiarly interesting. He says\\nLike some furred animals, these goats wear two distinct, and dif-\\nferent suits of clothing, and mainly at different seasons. One is short,\\nstiff, coarse, and of no commercial value; the other is long, in proportion\\nto the degree of blood, and is lustrous, soft, silky, and elastic. The animal,\\nis born with the covering of the first, which, in a few weeks, drops out,\\nand is simultaneously replaced by the second, or the fine wool, which,\\nin its time, also drops out, and is similarly superseded by the first; the\\nanimals wearing the short, coarse hair in the spring and early summer,\\nand the long, line wool in summer, fall and winter. When the wool of\\nthe Angora goat is being shed, the cups or bulbs in the skin, which pro-\\nduced the fibres, are also shed, as well as the cuticle, or outside skin.\\nThis is a great peculiarity of the Angora goat; but a still greater one,\\nand of far more practical importance, is the capacity of the bucks to\\ntransfer, or impart, this rare quality to other goats which do not possess\\nit. The males certainly have this power in a high degree, and the female\\nAngora, bred to a common male, will, no doubt, impart to the offspring\\nthe same quality, but probably not in so high a degree. The kid of an\\nAngora buck, out of a native ewe, invariably has in its skin those bulbs,\\nor cups, which produce and secrete the fine ivool of the Angora, or\\nwool-bearing goat, while it has the power to secrete the hair also, as\\nits ancestry, on the dam side, always had. The wool of goats is finer,\\nlonger, or thicker, in different individuals of the same blood, just as is\\nthe case with sheep; and like sheep, also, the same animal produces finer\\nwool when young than when advanced in life. But the wool of the\\nhalf-blood kid, or goat, is of a standard fineness of full-blood, or of\\npurebred. Angora goats wool, but it is r.hort. The zvool and the liair of\\nthe half-blood grow together and seem to constitute but one covering;\\nbut a close inspection shows the different fibres issuing from different\\nbulbs in the same skin; but, when the shedding season arrives, the fine\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ivool may be combed out of the Iiair on the animal s back, and on being\\nseparated from it, bears a close resemblance to the finest fur, or to Saxonv\\nwool, or to the Angora mohair. A friend who was traveling in Europt.\\nsent me a sample of mohair which exactly resembles this fine wool of\\nthe first cross, having also some of the coarse hair and of the cuticle in it,\\nshowing that it had been shed and not shorn. The two products of the\\nhalf and of the three-quarter blood, being nearly of the same length, they\\ncannot be separated by shearing, and to gather it by combing it out of\\nthe hair on the backs of the animals is too tedious. The specimen to\\nwhich I have alluded, is probably the product of some other species of\\nwool-bearing goat, and not of a half-blood cross of different species.\\nIf the half-blood female kid is bred to a pure Angora buck, the\\nproduct will be similar, except that the wool will be longer, arid some-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0219.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "2oS A Nciv Industry.\\ntimes long enough to be separated by being shorn from the animals,\\nso as to be cttt off over the ends of the coarse hair. The wool will be fine\\nand long enough for many uses in manufacture, but there will generally\\nbe so much of worthless hair in it as to make it of little value. On animals\\nof the third similar cross, or of seven-eighths Angora blood, the fine wool\\nwill always be so much longer than the hair, that it admits of practical\\nseparation by shearing; and so of those of the fourth cross; while those\\nof the fifth cross and dbove it, bear wool which, in every essential par-\\nticular, resembles closely that of pure-bred or imported Angora, and ad-\\nmits of application to all the uses of the best imported wool, or of home-\\nraised wool from pure-bred animals, though involving some trouble in\\nseparating the hairs from it. (See Hayes, pp. 64-65.)\\nHaving had a very extended experience with goats in the\\nUnited States, covering a period of twenty-four years, during\\nwhich I have had as many as eight thousand head at one time,\\nranging from the common short haired goat of Mexico to the\\npure-bred Angora purchased from Col. Richard Peters of Geor-\\ngia, in 1884, and having operated a tannery for the purpose of\\ndressing the Angora goat skin, which has given me a most excel-\\nlent opportunity to notice all the pecuHarities in the fleece of\\nthis animal, I will state some of my personal observations.\\nI have seen many goats that produced two separate coats of\\nhair, as described by Dr. Scott, one being short and coarse, or\\nkevipy, white in color, the other fine and silky, and of different\\nlengths. This type however is not common in flocks that have\\nbeen highly improved, and I attribute it to the fact that the\\nbase blood of the common goat had not been entirely removed\\nor, in other words, that the period of breeding with the Angora\\nhad not been long enough to thoroughly implant the mohair-\\nproducing blood.\\nMr. Hoerle refers to his experience with this type in a\\ncircular letter lately distributed by Mr. Wm. R. Payne, of New\\nYork, as follows\\nThe goats, which, after shearing, had an uncommonly long under-\\ngrowth, raised my suspicion, and, anxious to see whether it would be\\nbest to cull such animals or not, I stained the undergrowth of some of\\n^hcm. When the mohair began to grow, it appeared perfectly white\\nbetween the bluish-black undergrowth, and remained there visible\\nfor months, until it gradually faded out. This experiment convinced", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0220.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "209\\nPLATE VI.\\nOFF-COLORED ANGORA GOATS,\\nThe black buck, has been bred, but failed to produce any other than white kids.\\nThe white goat has a red face, and legs: was red ail over when a kid,\\nand, after shedding, exposes a coat of coarse, short red\\nhair, like the head and legs. The black goat\\nappears to have but the one coat.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0221.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0222.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "Breeding PasfE.rperieiiee Result of Crossing the Angora. 211\\nme that the mohair is not the ordinary undergrowth elongated, as Mr.\\nSchreiner, and other breeders, seem to believe, but an entirely different\\nkind of hair.\\nAnother type of goat I have seen has a coarse, kempy, yel-\\nlovi^ish under-hair, and sometimes of a bkiish, or gray, color\\nwith a white mohair covering, and after the covering of white\\nmohair had shed off, it would be difficult to believe that such an\\nanimal could possibly produce a fine covering of long, white mo-\\nhair yet, in the growing season, (which I have found to differ\\nvery greatly, some animals beginning to produce as early as\\nApril and May, while others would not commence until June and\\nJuly), the white mohair would show itself, and soon cover the en-\\ntire body.\\nThe head and legs of these animals being of a dark color,\\ngave them somewhat the appearance of a Shropshire sheep,\\n(when the white mohair was grown out), and, as a general thing,\\nthese would always yield a very large fleece.\\nAs a rule, my improved goats only produced one coat of\\nhair. To satisfy myself upon this point, I examined upwards of\\nfive hundred dressed Angora goat skins, in my tannery, and\\nfound the double-coated ones confmed entirely to the colored\\ngoat, and a few partly improved white goats, as above described.\\nCol. W. W. Haupt refers to this feature in a communication that\\nhe wrote to the Soiithern Farmer, in 1889, at the request of Col.\\nRichard Peters, who was anxious to learn what experience he\\nhad met with in the thirty years he had been breeding the An-\\ngora. Col. Haupt says\\nNow where do we get this very fine mohair from? From the pure-\\nblooded Angora alone? No. This belief is a common error. The finest\\nmohair you can find is from the half-breed from the coarse Mexican\\nnanny. The origin of this belief is in the fact that heredity teaches that\\nthe peculiarities of two parents are equally (in the main) divided in all\\nthe different features, in the off-spring. This doctrine is literally true,\\nior it is the stamp of nature. But there seems two exceptional phenomena\\nin regard to the Angora. First, whilst a fine-wooled sheep crossed on a\\ncoarse-wool, makes a medium grade fibre, from the fact that the fibres\\nthemselves partake of the cross. Yet, in the goat this crossing of fibres\\ndoes not take place. The mohair on the half-breed simply displaces\\n(or grubs out) a portion of the short, coarse hair, and supplants itself", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0223.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "212 A Nciv Industry.\\nin its placf, and each successive cross continues tliis encroaclinient until\\nabout the sixth cross they are about all gone. Tlie first cross gives\\nabout an incii in length of mohair, and each additional cross adds greater\\nlength, until finally it gets the extreme length of the pure-bloods; is as\\nfully set on the animal, and will shear as heavly, and it has the fine-\\nness to start on, and is, in every essental, the e(|ual of the pure-blood,\\nand,- so far as fleece is concerned (and that is all you want), it is in fact\\na pure-blood Angora goat.\\nAnother ])eculiarity I have noticed is, the great (Hfiference in\\nthe lengtlis to wliicli mohair will grow, and the general appear-\\nance of it when in full lieece. vSonie goats will have hair only\\nsix to eight inches in length, while with others it will grcjw to be\\ntwelve to fifteen. vSome will have a niilk-white color of hair, while\\nwith others it will be more like cream. The mohair of some goats\\nwill be wavy while in others it will hang in beautiful ringlets and\\na few will present an appearance very similar to a lady s hair that\\nhas jtist been released from a crim|:)er; the longest mohair, as\\na general thing, being in little ringlets, hanging as distinct from\\neach other as the curls from a young lady s head. )ccasionally,\\na black, yellow, or blitish goat will produce black, yellow, or\\nbluish mohair; but in nearly all cases, the outer covering Will\\nbe white. 1 have seen some pied, or variegated goats,\\neach color ])roducing its own color of mohair, some of which,\\nwhen shed off entirely, would ex])ose a spotted skin. 1 have at\\nthe present time a black male with a beautiful hair hanging in\\nringlets not less than ten inches long.\\nStill another peculiarity is in the size of car-\\ncass, and general appearance of the animals. Some\\nare heavily-bodied, with a coarse bone, the wethers often\\nreaching one hundred and fifty to one hundred and seventy-five\\npounds, while others will be slender bodied, with small bone,\\nreaching only about eighty pounds, when fully developed. The\\nlatter, I find to be the more common variety, which I suppose\\nis due to the fact that they usually have longer hair hanging in\\nringlets, and are more attractive to the average breeder. As\\nmay well be supposed, the horns of the heavier variety are much\\nlonger and coarser looking than the smaller type, and the hair\\nis wavy.\\n*See plate VI.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0224.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "Breeding\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Past Experience\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -Result of Crossing the Angora. 2Jj\\nThe general opinion among breeders, both in Turkey,\\nSouth Africa, and our own country, is that a pure-bred Angora\\nmust be smah and delicate, with thin horns, wooled all over the\\nbody, with ringletted hair, ranging from ten to fifteen inches,\\nbarely touching the ground, and produce a tuft of mohair on the\\nforehead, which will cover the eyes. Dr. Hayes says\\nAn infallible proof of purity insisted on by many writers is, the\\ncurling of the hair which is observed upon the young individual, only\\nwhen they are of pure blood, so that all young bucks are rejected from\\nthe flocks with the utmost care as not being of the pure race whose\\nhair is not curled. (See Hayes, p. 32.)\\nMr. S- H. Pegler, author of the ^Book of the Goat, and a\\nprofessional breeder in South Africa, says\\nThe correct points of a pure-bred Angora, are head fine with\\nfleece growing well over the forehead, ears thin, wide and pendulous;\\nnot long, and hanging down direct from the head, but standing out,\\nand then lopping over, more resembling the ears of a mastiff, on the\\nalert, and best described as semi- pendant. Horns flat shaped, set far\\napart on head, and tapering gradually towards the tips. Direction de-\\npends on the sex. Male inclines first to the rear, with a slight twist\\noutward, and the ends pointing upward. Female, they take a lateral\\ndirection, spiral more decided, and the ends point downward. The\\nchief feature consists in the length, texture and character of fleece. In\\nthe best of animals it is of a fine silky nature, growing in thickly mat-\\nted flakes near the skin, and then separating into long, corkscrew-\\nshaped ringlets, covering the animal to the hocks. The best fleeces\\nfrom a full grown animal of prime age, and blood, should average six\\npounds weight, and the staple or strands averge eight inches in length.\\nMr. H. O. Binns, a Turkish authority, describes a pure-\\nbred yVngora as being,\\nAbout the size of a South African kid, five months old, with small\\nthin horns, wooled all over the body, the hair almost covering the\\neyes, and exceedingly delicate.\\nDr. Hayes makes mention of a certain specimen, which I\\npresume, must have been considered very perfect at the time\\n(1855) that a M. Brandt, director of the Museum at St. Peters-\\nburg, and distinguished among the zoologists of Europe for his\\nconscietious work and profound knowledge described as\\nfollows", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0225.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "21/}. A New Industry.\\nThe magnificent example of the Angora goat which the Museum\\nof the Imperial Academy owes to M. Tchihatchiff produces at first\\nsight the general impression of a domestic goat, when attention is not\\ndirected to its thick and silky fleece, to its flat ears, turned downwards;\\nand its inconsiderable size. But it is precisely these traits which im-\\npress upon this animal a distinct seal, which give it the character of\\na peculiar race, whose origin is, perhaps, not the same as that of the do-\\nmestic goat. The extremity of the snout; the cheeks; the nasal and\\nfrontal bone as well as the ears, and lower part of the legs, below the\\ntarsal articulation, are covered with the external hairs, which are shorter\\nand thicker than those which cover the above mentioned parts in other\\nspecies of goats. The forehead has soft hairs of less length, less ap-\\nplied to the skin, and, in part curled. The hair of the beard, which is\\npointed, and of moderate dimensions, being six inches in length, is\\nstiffer than the hair of the rest of the body, but less so than that of\\nthe beard of the ordinary goat. The horns, of a grayish white tint,\\nare longer than the head; ai: their lower part the interior marginal\\nborder turns inwards in such a manner that they appear broad viewed\\nin front, and narrow when seen exteriorly; at half their extension\\nIhey direct themselves moderately backwards, and turn spirally out-\\nwards, so that their extremities directed slightly upwards, are very\\nmuch separated, one from the other, and circumscribe a space grad-\\nually contracting itself. The whole of the neck, as well as the trunk,\\nis covered with long hairs which, particularly vipon the neck and lateral\\nparts of the body, are twisted in spirals, having the appearance of\\nloosened ringlets, it being observed at the same time, that they unite\\nthemselves into rolled tufts, a disposition which is less marked in the\\nanterior part of the neck. The hairs which exhibit the greatest length,\\nare situated above the forelegs, and are, almost nine and one-half inches\\nlong. Those of the neck are a little shorter, and are nine inches long,\\nand those of the belly eight inches three lines. The length of the hair\\nwith which the lateral parts of the body, as well as the back, are covered, is\\nonly seven inches, six lines; and that of the hair of the hind legs six inches\\nto seven inches. Finally, the slight stiff hair of the tail is about four\\ninches in length. The color of the robe of the animal is a pure white, here\\nand there slightly inclined to yellow. The hoofs, somewhat small,\\nin proportion, are, like the horns, of a grayish white tint. The hair\\nis, without exception, long, soft, and fine; it is at once silky, and greasy,\\nto the touch, and shows, distinctly, the brilliancy of silk. (See Hayes,\\npage 8.)\\nThe dimensions of the specimen above referred to by M. Brandt,\\nare given by him as follows:", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0226.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing iheAicgora. 2/5\\nFt. iQ. L.\\nFrom the point of the snout to the root of the tail 5 4 2\\nLength of head 11 9\\nFrom the point of the snout to the eye. 5 1\\nFrom the e3-e to the ear 2 5\\nFrom the eye to the horns 1 9\\nLength of ear 6\\nLength of horns, in direct diameter 1 2\\nLength of horns, following the cufvature 1 6 6\\nDistance between horns, taken at the roots -2 1\\nDistance between their terminal point 1 9 9\\nWidth of horns, at their roots 2 1\\nLength of tail, including the hair 9 9\\nHeight of anterior part of the body 2 2 4\\nHeight of posterior part of the body 2 2 2\\n(See Hayes, page 10.)\\nThe Hon. Israel H. Deihl, in a paper on The Goat, pub-\\nlished in the United States Agricultural Department for 1863,\\nquotations from which have heretofore been made, says\\nThe Angora goat has a very beautiful curled or wavy hair, of sil-\\nvery whiteness, with a fine downy wool at its base, and this hair is dis-\\nposed in long, pendant, spiral ringlets on the whole body. The horns\\nof the female, instead of spreading as in the male, turn backwards, and\\nare much shorter in proportion; those of the male are long, spirally\\ntwisted, but the size and direction are very different from the common\\ngoat, being generally extended from fifteen to thirty inches in height\\non each side of the head, while those of the female end near the ears.\\nThe hair or wool often sweeps to the ground and is from five to twelve\\ninches long, especially in the older bucks, but then not so fine.\\nThe fleece of the ewe shears from three to five pounds and that\\nof the buck from five to nine. The tail is shorter than that of the Cash-\\nmere, and usually carried erect. These goats have the hair very long.\\nthick, and so fine that stufifs have been made of it almost as handsome and\\ngloss} as our silks, and have been known under the various names of\\nCashmeres, Camlets, etc. This brief description will apply to almost\\nall we saw in Western Asia, Europe, and in this countr\\\\^, (say of several\\nthousands) save some difference in the ears; for, while many have the\\npendant ears, others we examined have ears exceeding^ small and short.\\nMr. G. A. Hoerle, in a pamphlet published about 1885 or\\n1886, during his connection with the industry in Texas, has given\\nthe following description of a perfect specimen of an Angora\\ngoat\\nThe shape of a perfect Angora goat, when in full fleece, should ap-\\npear like a right-angled square (parallelogram). The bod} should be", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0227.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "2i6 A Nezv Industry.\\nfull and long and of straight build. It should be densely and evenly\\ncovered with fine curly, and lustrous, silky hair, appearing form a distance\\nas if it had been trimmed ofT below the body. The chest and shoulder,\\nespecially with the male animals should be broad and strong, the legs\\nstraight, and chunky, the head clean cut and trim, not coarse,\\nlike that of the common goat. The horns of the buck are long\\nand strong, inclined toward the back and of a spiral-like shape,\\nsome almost perfect spirals; the horns of the ewes, short and thin, and\\ncurved backward. Hornless Angoras exist but are rare. The ears are al-\\nmost always what are commonly called lop-ears, and differ very much in\\nsize; those of some animals are over a foot long, and about four inches\\nwide. However, the existence of so-called fox-ears, or mouse-cars, is by\\nno means, an evidence of impurity of blood. Some of the ewes coming\\nfrom Col. Peters thoroughbred stock, as well as the very best nanny\\n(ewe) of Mr. W. D. Parrish s importation, which sheared, after being\\nacclimated, a little over five pounds of mohair, had these, generally, so\\nmuch despised fox-cars. We consider the prejudice against this kind of\\nears, certainly a very foolish one, at least, as long as we are breeding for\\nmohair, and not for long ears, to obtain which, the donkey would be a\\nbetter subject for our experiments. (See Hoerle, page 11.)\\nMy personal opinion is, that the fine dehcate frame of the\\npure-bred Angora described by the above authorities has been\\nproduced by a very long course of in, and in-breeding, which is\\nknown to have been universally practiced by the Turkish breed-\\ners in the early day, and this opinion is strengthened, in a great\\nmeasure, by the fact that, the Turks were accustomed to cross\\ntheir white Mohair gloats with the common black goat of their\\ncountry (the Kurd in order to give them greater strength\\nand vitality. Dr. Hayes, quoting from M. Boulier, in a report\\nof a mission to Asia Minor presented to the French Minister\\nof War, says\\nIn severe winters, while the common goat of the country is unaffec-\\nted, the mortality among the goats of the pure race is frightful.\\nThe delicacy and lymphatic temperament of the white Angora which\\nseems to be inherent to this race, appear to be closely related to their\\ncolor. Some physiologists sec in the color, and delicacy of this animal\\nthe evidence of an imperfect albinism. And Dr. Hayes adds, referring\\nto a statement made by M. Tchihatchciif that when the losses are very\\nconsiderable the people of the country repair the.n by crossing the An-\\ngora with the common goats, and that purity of the race is regained in\\nthe third generation. (S;e Hayes, page 30.)\\nIf the reader will turn to plates IV and V and examine\\nthe cuts of two goats imported from Asia Minor by Dr. J. B.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0228.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 2iy\\nDavis in 1849, which have been admitted, by all authorities who\\nhave e\\\\er seen them, as being perhaps, the purest bred mohair\\ngoats that have ever been exported from Turkey, he will find\\nthat they do not correspond in any one particular with either\\nof the foregoing descriptions of a pure-bred Angora, unless\\nit be in the shape of the ears of the female. The hair of these\\nanimals does not hang in closely matted ringlets, nearly touch-\\ning the ground, but is wavy. The ears of one lop while, in the\\nother, they are like a fox-ear. The horns of the female are cer-\\ntainly not the delicate little horns, described by ]\\\\Ir. Hoerle,\\nand which I have observed myself, on many of our goats that\\nhave been bred a long time, the tendency seeming to be for the\\nhorns to become smaller, as the animal ascends in the scale of\\nmohair qualities. Moreover, the shape, and weight, of the\\nDavis goats, does not correspond \\\\vith the diminutive little\\nanimal which Mr. Binns says only grows to be the size of a five\\nmonths old Cape (African) kid. In place of weighing, per-\\nhaps, sixty or seventy pounds for a male, the Davis male goat\\nweighed 165 pounds and the female 102 pounds, probably as\\nlarge again as the so-called pure Angora. The shearing capacity\\nof the Davis goats is represented as having been seven pounds\\nin the male, and four and a half pounds in the female, which, in\\n1855, was above the reported average of any goats in Turkey.\\nThe conclusion I have come to from observing these pecul-\\niarities is that the wavy hair is largely confined to the heavy-\\nframed, coarse-horned animal, and the long ringletted hair to\\nthe smaller-framed animal. I will now call attention to still\\nanother change in our mohair goat, which I believe is due to\\nthe peculiar type, or breed, of goat which Dr. Davis first intro-\\nduced into the United States in IS-t crossed with our common\\nMexican variety.\\nNOX-SHEDDIXG ANGORA GOATS.\\nNotwithstanding the fact that no reference is made to the\\nshedding feature of the Angora, by any of the authorities I\\nhave quoted from, it has been the opinion of all breeders, up\\nto within the past few- years that they shed their hair every\\nspring, as certainly as the horse, or the cow, does, and a very\\nlarge number of them have this opinion still.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0229.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "2i8 A Nczv Industry.\\nCol. Richard Peters, in a letter to Dr. Hayes, says\\nThe greatest drawback I have experienced with Angoras has\\nbeen the shedding too early of their fleeces. Of late years, by good keep,\\nduring the months of February and March, and by their not running\\nthrough brier patches, I have been more successful in saving the fleece in\\ngood condition. (See Hayes, page 79.)\\nDr. Robert W. Scott of Kentucky, says:\\nThe animal is born with a covering of short, stifT, coarse hair of no\\ncommercial value, which, in a few weeks, drops out and is replaced by a\\ngrowth of mohair, which is long in proportion to the grade, or blood, of\\nthe animal, and is lustrous, soft, silky, and elastic, which, in its time,\\nalso drops out, and is similarly superseded by the first; the animals wear-\\ning, the short, coarse hair, in the spring and summer, and the long, fine\\nwool in the fall and winter. (See Hayes, page 64.)\\nHaving observed in my own docks, a great many kids that\\ndid not possess the peculiarity mentioned by Dr. Scott, I deter-\\nmined to investigate further and see if any of my grown goats\\nretained their fleece in the spring, and was gratified to find such\\nan animal among some that I had sold to parties in Iowa, and\\nI have since found quite a number in my Texas stock. My find\\nwas so at variance with the accepted opinion of all breeders in\\nour own country as well as in Turkey and South Africa and,\\nfearing that the circumstance which I had noticed, was caused\\nperhaps, by some peculiar condition of the animal and was not\\na common occurrence, I felt a hesitancy in presenting the infor-\\nmation unsupported by the testimony of others, so I decided to\\nsend out the followdng list of questions to a number of breeders,\\nthroughout the States\\n1. Have you ever observed any Angora goat that had two distinct\\ncoats of hair?\\n2. Have you observed that some Angora goats shed their hair\\nsooner than others?\\n3. Have you observed that some Angora goats do not shed their\\nhair at all?\\n4. Have you ever observed any Angora kids that do not shed their\\nfirst, or kid hair?\\n5. How do you decide on a buck, by pedigree or merit?\\n6. Have you had many hornless Angoras goats\\nIt is quite interesting to note the several replies to the above\\nqtiestions.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0230.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "219\\nCD", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0231.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0232.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "With only a few exceiJtions, every one of the fifty breeders who sent\\nme tlieir replies, say th- y have never neen an animal with two distinct\\ncoats of iiair, and ihe.-e few describe the undercoat as beinjj; kemp.\\nThe following is a list of the answei S I have received to the fore-\\ngoing questions\\nS3\\nH\\nCO\\nNo. 1\\nNo. 2\\nNo. 3\\nNo. 4\\nNo. 5\\nNo. 6\\nName and AouiiEas\\nYes\\nHo\\nYes\\nNo\\nYep\\nNo Yes\\nNo\\nPedi-\\ngree\\nYes\\nNo\\nOfBllBEDKU\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nH T. Fuchs. Tiger Mill,\\nJ. M. Arnold, Moniell.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nP C McLen lon, Dripping Spgs.\\nWm M Landrum. Lacuna.\\nDoufrhter A Luilrell, Ltpan.\\nW it. MoKee. .runotioa City.\\nJ D Hunter, Iun -tIon City.\\nTom S EvariH, Exile P. O.\\nH. B. Manshal), AusUri\\nIt H. Lowry, Camp San Saba\\nJ W. Garrett, Mountain Home.\\nB L. Crouch, Pear.sall,\\nCol, W. W. Huupt, Kyle.\\no\\nW\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nW. G Hughes, Hastings.\\no\\no\\no\\nGeo. W Baylor, Montell.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nD. S. Baljb, Sonora\\nH H Wyatt. Sonora.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nS5\\nO\\no\\no\\nJas McDonald, Morrison.\\nMr. Ma\u00c2\u00abter.s, Cleveland\\nW. D. Claggett. Salem.\\nGeo. A. Houcif. Eugene.\\nD, A Walker, Carlton.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nDowell. Fiore ce.\\nFranii H Rodgers, Gardener.\\nJ M Hassler. Larwood.\\n-.111\\nHi:.\\nOscar Tom, Angora\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\noiiljlin Bros Newville.\\nM\\nas\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\n;r of\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nexp\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nlanu\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nA. Moon. Ono.\\nJacoh Oaks, Paskenta.\\nPijllo Ogden, Upper Lake.\\nNo Name, Ico.\\nJames H Dunison, Upper Lake.\\nA. J. Linton, Ager.\\nWm. Richter, Ico\\nlion\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nX Y Z, Ono.\\nC. P. Bailey. San Jose.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nSee\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nhis\\no\\no\\nlett\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\\no\\nJ. H. Hightower. Ruldosa.\\nD. C. Taylor, Lake Valley.\\nJ. C. Hightower, Ruidosa.\\nI J Booth, Cresco.\\no\\nm^\\nMorgan Morgan, Clay.\\nJ. R Standley, Platteville.\\nIdAllO\\nJ S. Harris, Oakley\\nArizona\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nJ. S Barnetie. Globe.\\nXont.\\nS S Brannin. Marvsvllle.\\nUtah\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nJos. E Hamblin, Knab.\\nWash.\\no\\nrff:\\no\\no\\nNo Name. Bucoda\\nH. C,\\nu\\nLafayette Holt. Burlington\\nW.Va.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nO. D Hill. Keadalia\\nPenn\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nMiller ito Sibley. Franklin.\\nOkla.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nJ. K. Young. Woodward\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nW. J. Seever. St. Louis.\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nA. Lippincott, Sheridan\\nIinn.\\nA. G. Wilcov. Hugo\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Since thl\u00c2\u00bb wa\u00c2\u00ab writtwn, Mr. .J. C. Hiifhtower, of KuiiJosa, N. M., ha\u00c2\u00bb written me of a ^oat that had two\\ncoats of hair. HIk letter may be fouad under the head of Xew Mexico Breeders Ueports.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0233.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "A Nezv Industry.\\nGENERAL SUMMARY.\\nFORM OF QUESTION ASKED.\\nHave j^ou ever observed any Angora\\nGoat that had two distinc. coats of\\nhair?\\nHave you observed that some An-\\ngora Goats shed sooner than\\nothers?\\nHave you observed that some An-\\ngora goats do not shed at all?\\nHave you observed that some An-\\ngora kids do not shed their first,\\nor kid, iiair?\\nHave you had many hornless An-\\ngora goats?\\nHow do you decide upon the quality\\nof an Angora Buck?\\nNumber\\nWho\\nReplied\\nYES.\\nPedigree.\\n4\\nNumber\\nWho\\nReplied\\nNO.\\nBy Merit.\\n23\\nNumber\\nwho failed\\nto make\\nany reply,\\nBy Both.\\n10\\nTOTAL.\\n56\\n56\\n56\\n56\\nNo Reply.\\n19\\nIt will be observed that some of our oldest and largest\\nbreeders are among those who have never seen a non-shedding\\ngoat and, some even go so far as to affirm that such an animal\\ndoes not exist but in the face of the testimony I am now pre-\\npared to lay before my readers, on this question, I think it is\\nidle to make such a statement.\\nI regard non-shedding a most important feature as the\\nshearing of Angoras in the month of February or March (which\\nis made necessary, in many sections, in order to avoid\\nloss from the shedding of the fleece), is usually attended with\\nmore or less loss in life from the cold rains and wind storms\\nthat are common at this season of the year.\\nThe following communication, from Mr. J.C.P.McLendon,\\nof Texas, will, I think, convince many of the doubters of the\\nexistence of this type of Angoras\\nDripping Springs, Hays County, Texas, Oct. 16, 1899.\\nCol. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir:- Yoitrs of the 4th received. Yes, you can use anything in\\nmy former letter I may have said about Angora goats, or in this. Certain-\\nly, we have different types of so-called pure-bred Angoras. Any breeder", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0234.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 2i j\\nof close observation can but be convinced of that fact. In regard to\\nshedding, I know that climatic influences and the condition of the animal\\nmay have some influence, but my experience proved to my satisfaction,\\nthat there are Angoras that do not shed their mohair any more than sheep\\nshed their wool, and I think all breeders should aim to secure and per-\\npetuate that type. Col. Robt. W. Scott s stock farm was near Frankfort,\\nKy. He died some seven or eight years ago. He was a scientific, con-\\nscientious breeder, a true type of the Kentucky gentleman. I never\\nknew him personally, but my dealings and correspondence with him, en-\\nable me to accord him all honor.\\nI don t know whether I mentioned it or not in my former letter,\\nbut all of my goats that did not shed their mohair, were pure white to the\\nskin. Many were white that did shed, but none that had a yellow tinge\\nnear the hide held their coats, but shedded off clean with an undercoat of\\nfine short hair, also 3 ellow. Those that were white and shedded, had\\nwhite, short hair.\\nAny direct questions you may wish to ask, will be answered to the\\nbest of my knowledge. I believe, though, I have condensed all I know of\\nimportance. Respectfully,\\nJ. C. P McLENDON.\\nMessrs. Conklin Bros., of Xewville, Cal., write as follows\\nNewville, California, Aug. 19, 1899.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black.\\nMy Dear Sir: In reply to questions yon ask, will say to No. 1:\\nWe have never known a goat to produce fur as an undercoat, but have\\nread that such goats are produced in Turkey, and that the finest Cashmere\\nshawls are made from this undergrowth, after the long hair is separated\\ntherefrom. But they are not considered profitable, as they only shear\\na few ounces, and the heavj coarse hair is of but little value.\\nNc. 3. We have a number of goats that do not shed their hair in\\nthe spring, have a continuous growth, and their kids do not shed their kid\\nhair either. This we know, for during kidding, we often paint the twin\\nkids with red paint, and they carry that paint until shorn in the fall, and\\nwe believe that by careful and correct breeding, we can secure a flock\\nof that kind. This is one point that we sre working for now. We have\\nno hornless goats but are informed that there is a breed of that kind in\\nAsia Minor, but do not know whether it is a distinct breed or not.\\nI can not see why there should not be a thoroughbred Angora, as\\nwell as a thoroughbred horse, cow, sheep, hog or dog. My idea of the\\nterm thoroughbred, is an animal that is bred for points for a period\\nof years, until the type is fixed, so that the offspring will be of the same\\nkind, bred year after year, and not degenerate, or if bred to inferior blood", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0235.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "224 Nezv Industry.\\nwill reproduce themselves in six crosses and make a full blood animal.\\nThis might be a different type from any other in Turkey, and called the\\nAmerican type. Our goats have been bred for over thirty years, and a\\nsystematic record of them kept; each goat numbered, and character\\nnoted by points, so that now we can choose a pair of goats, and tell al-\\nmost exactly what the progeny will be as to fleece, covering, weight, and\\nconstitution, etc. This, we think, is pointing to thoroughbred standard.\\nThere are so many different grades of goats that I think that each\\nindividual will have to work out his own type, or strain, and among all\\nof them, there will probably be but few that will produce anything of\\nvalue. Only very few can succeed in improving any kind of animals.\\nIt requires a certain kind of tact and continual effort, and long persever-\\nance, perhaps a life-time to accomplish one certain idea, as it was with the\\nMerino sheep. One hundred years ago, all sheep in America shed their\\nfleece, more or less; now, such a thing is unheard of unless by disease,\\nand, I am sure that Angoras can be brought to this point, perhaps in\\na very few years more. Yours very truly,\\nCONKLIN BROS.,\\nPer M. L. Conkiin.\\nA close neighbor to my ranch, Mr. W. F. Luckie, whose\\npostoffice address is Fort McKavett, Menard County, Texas,\\nstated a circumstance, a short time ago, which is very conclusive\\ntestimony on this subject. He had placed all of his bucks on\\nthe ranch of a neighbor, and failed to shear them with his other\\ngoats. One of them carried his fleece perfectly through the\\nentire summer, and, with the exception that it matted in places\\non the hind cjuarters, it was jtist as nice in appearance as the\\nones that had shedded ofi and grown a new fleece.\\nMr. Hoerle, also, refers to having seen non-shedding g-oats\\nduring his experience as a breeder in Texas in the early eighties.\\nMr. Hoerle says, in the circular letter addressed to Mr. Wm. R.\\nPayne, already referred to\\nI observed right in the first year, that after shearing, quite a number\\nof my goats would not shed, others showed after shedding, quite a long\\nundergrowth, which looked entirely different from mohair. Amongst\\nthe goats which did not shed their mohair, were, so to speak all the off-\\nspring of the Maurice importation, and quite a number of the other\\nthoroughbreds, as well as a few of the high grades. This observation\\nbrought me to the conclusion, that the original pure Angora probably did\\nnot shed, if shorn at the proper time.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0236.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 225\\nThe following remarks, with reference to non-shedding\\nand other peculiar types of mohair goats by breeders who appear\\nin the tabulated list of replies, will, no doubt, be interesting as\\nwell as instructive upon this question.\\nW^^^ Mg\\n1\\n1\\nif\\n1^\\nL\\n1\\nkj/j^jUl\\n1\\nja^\\niB\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2f T-fi^\\n1\\nhH\\nfe;a-\\n1\\n^H\\nH\\n^^H\\n1\\ntfA\u00e2\u0080\u009e\\nEMi\\nW, Lj(: .-k\\nri\\n1\\n1\\nPT.ATEVIII. NON-SHEDDING ANGORA BUCK.\\nProperty of the author; raised by Mr. J. D Hunter. Junction City, Kimble County,\\nTo as. He was sheared October 1.5, 1899, and the above photograph was taken\\nJune 15, 1900, being eight months growth of fleece. There seemed to be\\nvery little growth to the mohair, after December 1, until about\\nApril 1, when it made a second growth. The spot on\\nthe neck, which appears t be bare of hair, is\\ncaused by the shadow from the horn.\\nMr. H. T. Fuchs, of Tiger Mill, Texas, says\\nThe better they are graded up the less different kinds of hair they\\nhave. I have observed that they are less liable to shed their hair after\\nihey have passed the fifteen-sixteenth grade. I do not have many\\nkids that do not shed their first kid hair. I have had, perhaps, as many\\nas three per cent, of hornless kids. They are very good shearers, not\\nquite so silky, but are excellent for milk, and are very hardy.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0237.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "22( A Nczv Industry.\\nI do not like these goats with two kinds of hair. I think we should\\ntry and raise them to produce only the long, silky, mohair.\\nMr. J. M. Arnold, of Montell, Uvalde County, Texas, says:\\nI have never seen any Angoras with fur next to the skin. Some\\nof our goats have escaped shearing and passed the shedding season with-\\nout casting their hair until fall; but the most of them shed.\\nI do not know that the hornless goat is a freak, and feel sure\\nthat by using natural hornless bucks and does, their progeny will soon be\\nhornless and breed so. We always select our bucks on merit.\\nMr. Jno. Brown, of Sonora, Sutton County, says\\nWith regard to non-shedding goats, I have seen goats that\\nshed but very little, hard to be noticed in fact, but they all shed more or\\nless. The kids that do not shed their first kid hair, are very rare with me.\\nThe great majority of them shed. I have had but a few hornless goats.\\nI always select bucks both by pedigree and individual merit.\\nMr. W. G. Hug-lies, of Hastings, Kendall County, Texas,\\nsays\\nI do not remember ever having seen any Angoras with fur under\\nthe hair resembling Cashmere wool, (or pushm nor can I believje\\nthat it would be advisable to propagate it if found. First, because of\\nthe difficulty of separating it from the other part of the fleece; second,\\nbecause it would be so light that the cost of raising it would be so\\ngreat, we could hardly expect to get a remunerative price year in and\\nyear out, owing to the fact that sale for it would largely depend upon\\ntemporary fashions, and not permanent demand, and fashions are pro-\\nverbially fickle.\\nAs to goats that do not shed. Most Angoras that have come under\\nmy notice do not shed, though some will shed one year, and not in an-\\nother, I believe that if the goat is poor in the winter and fattens rapidly\\nin the spring, it is more apt to shed than if it comes through the winter\\nin good shape. The same remarks apply to kids; that is, those that are\\nsix months or a year old when first shorn. I like to see them retain\\niheir stubble, and believe it to be a sign of thrift.\\nI have noticed in some of the flocks a tendency to grow a fleece\\nwith considerable oil in it. Those I have seen have invariably had a\\ncoarser fibre of hair than the non-oily ones, and I have always tried to\\navoid this class of goat, having reason to believe that there is no ad-\\nvantage in it, and that the excess of weight is only an unnecessary drain\\non the goat, because if there is no intrinsic advantage to the staple, buy-\\ner* must sooner or later discriminate against it, when purchasing, to the\\nextent of the shrinkage, just as they now do with wool. My present\\nopinion is also largely based upon the same estimate of its value placed", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0238.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "Breeding Pasi Experience Result of Crossifig the AngGra. 227\\nby Mr. Schreiner in his very interesting work, The Angora Goat,\\n(published by Longmans, Green Co., New York,) and on similar infor-\\nmation which that gentleman very kindly gave me some years before his\\nbook appeared in print. Indeed, it was largely due to this that I have\\nbeen able to avoid what I now regard as a pit-fall, as our breeders are,\\nat present, going through experiences which were gone through years\\nago by the Cape farmers.\\nThe latter have tried the excessive oil extreme which is now avoided\\nby the best breeders.\\nMr. Wm. M. Landrum, of Laguna, Texas, says\\nI have never seen an Angora with but one coat of mohair, but often\\nan undercoat of kemp. The difference is, kemp is a white, smooth,\\ncoarse hair, hollow in the centre, with cells, or scales, on the outside, filled\\nwith glue and transparent oil, in all healthy, fat goats. I have seen goats\\nthat never shed, and when shorn, would grow hair from the stubble like\\na sheep. I sheared a doe in 1875 on Guadalupe Island, ofT the coast of\\nLower California that measured twenty-two inches long and had grown\\nfor two years.\\nI have had kids dropped with two and one-half inches of pure mo-\\nhair on them, and never shed, any more than a Merino sheep.\\nRegarding bucks. I first look to a goat s ancestors, and if all is\\nright, then to the covering and character of fleece, the form, constitution.\\nand individual merits generally.\\nI purchased the only hornless buck that ever came to America,\\nbred him to 250 does, mostly grades. I think they are a distinct breed,\\nfor they have no kemp, and only one kind of hair. The one I had was a\\nvery heavy shearer, but rather too coarse. I sold his hair, generally, for\\nwig-making.\\nDonghter Luttrell, Lipan, Hood County, Texas, say\\nOur observation has been that it is owing to the time of birth of a\\ngoat, that makes it shed at different times in the spring. We have some\\ngoats that do not shed at all.\\nTom S. Evans, Exile P. O., Texas, says\\nIf pure-bred bucks are used and the same style of hair, or sire is\\nused continually, flocks can be bred to uniformity in hair, and to shed-\\nding, too. If one gets a good buck, who marks his kids, they should\\nkeep him, and do all they can to get another of same stock and appear-\\nance. The test of all pure-blood animrds is the power to transmit its\\nqualities to ils offspring. Most grade animols are better than their sires.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0239.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "228 A Nczv Industry.\\nMr. H. B. ]\\\\Iar shall, Austin, Texas, has only seen a very\\nfew goats that do not shed.\\nMr. B. F. LowTv, Camp San Saba, Texas, has also seen very\\nfezv non-shedding goats.\\nCol. Haupt, of. Kyle, j xas, says, that up to the\\nlime he disposed of his goats to 3tlr. W. E. Hughes, he had never\\nobserved that any of them retained their stubble after shearing\\nHe always supposed they all shed their fleece regularly.\\nHon. B. L. Crouch, Pearsall, Texas, says:\\nAs to the Angora goats shedding iheir fleece my best bred goats\\nshed their fleece ever_v spring if not sheared early, and it always seemed\\nto me that those thriving most rapidly, shed first, though in this I may\\nbe slightly in error. But I also observed, that if there came rains in\\nOctober sufficient to make new vegetation abundant, many of my goats\\nwould shed their fleeces partial in October and November, and for this\\nreason I adopted the practice of shearing twice a year in September\\nand March.\\nMr. Geo. Baylor, ]\\\\Iontell, Texas, says:\\nI have never observed any fur under the mohair. Plenty of goats\\ndo not shed in the spring. It is generally some goat whose hair is in\\ngood growing condition when shorn, and it keeps on growing. But it is\\nbetter for them to shed in the spring. They sded sleek in Angora, in the\\nspring, as soon as it gets warm, and the green feed comes. I think\\nall kids shed their kid, or first hair. They are not born with mohair on\\nthem. It is rather a coarse hair, more resembling kemp.\\nI have not a hornless goat in mj- flocks. I rather think it a freak.\\nIn breeding, I first am sure of the pedigree, and then I pick for individ-\\nual merit.\\n]Mr. James ]\\\\IcDonald, ^Morrison, Oregon, says\\nI think condition governs the shedding of an animal. None of\\nmy kids ever shed their first hair.\\nMr. Geo. A. Houck, Eugene, Oregon, says:\\nI attribute shedding of goats at different periods in the season to\\nthe condition of the animal. As to goats not shedding at all, I have\\nnever observed such, but all of my good goafs sprout new mohair almost", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0240.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "Breeding\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Past Experience Result of Crossing tJte Angora. 229\\nas soon as the old stubble sheds off. The kids all shed their kid hair with\\nme. I have a tew nannies and wethers without horns, but I consider it a\\nfreak. These goats I bought from other breeders. My own goats all\\nhave horns.\\nMr. D. A. alke^, Carlton. Oregon, says\\nMy opinion has been that if a goat is very lousy it will shed early.\\nand if not, it will shed when it begins to thrive in the spring.\\nMr. Jas. Wilder, Paskenta, Cal., says\\nI had three bucks that were noi sheared last spring, ihai carried\\ntheir i5eeces till the shearing in the falL\\nMr. J. C. Highto^ver. Ruidosa, X. M., says:\\nI have observed that a number of my goats do not shed their hair\\nc^fier they shed their first kid hair, and their first fleece of mohair groTvs\\non until they get to be two or three years old, and after they pass that\\nage, they shed regularly every year. I have observed, too, that after\\nthey pass that age that some only shed over a portion of their body.\\nMr. Oscar Tom. Angora, Oregon, says\\nI have never observ-ed an Angora goat that did not shed. Ji^or any-\\nbody ese. unless it was dead poor, and would die before the second year.\\nAny healthy goat Avill shed in the spring the same as a horse.\\nMr. D. C. Taylor, Lake A alley. X. M.. says\\nT have about X* goats, and but a very few of them shed any.\\nDr. J. R. Siandley. Platte^ille, lovra, sa^-s\\nI am quite positive about some Angoras not shedding, having ob-\\n-er\\\\-ed it often; also Mds that do not shed their \u00c2\u00a3rst kid hair. I have\\nseen some few goats that had a double coat, but the under one was kemp.\\nMr. J. C. Hightower, under date of May 3rd, 1900, writes as\\nfollows\\nIn the questions which I endeavored to answer for 3-ou last tail I\\nbelieve I stated I had not observed any undergrowth of fine wool in\\nthe goats in this country. I wish to state now, that, since that time I\\nhave observed such a growth on one of my goats which came from CoL\\nRichard Peters flock in Atlanta. Ga. The animal is a buck ten years old", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0241.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "230 A Nczv Industry.\\nand I send you a sample of his fleece which you can see has two very\\ndistinct kinds of hair. The hair was plucked from him while he was\\nshedding.\\nIn a subsequent letter, Mr. Hightower says\\nThe under-hair, as near as I can judge, developes in the winter.\\nAs to the outer-hair shedding I will say this spring is the first time the\\ngoat has shed. This year he shed off sleek and clean, the outer-coat as\\nwell as the under-coat.\\nMr. Jno. S. Harris, of Oakley, Idaho, writes me that when he\\nwas in Constantinople he saw a sample of mohair that was sent\\nby Mr. W. M. Landrum to Mr. Jno. R. Thompson. The mohair\\nhad been grown in Guadalupe Island, off the coast of Lower Cal-\\nifornia, and was two years growth.\\nWith reference to two distinct coats of hair, he says\\nI never saw such a goat, but it is quite common for some to have\\nmore or less kemp in the hair. Some years, a goat will have more,\\nand another year it will have much less. It all depends on the condition\\nof the goat, and the kind of season we I ave.\\nAfter I came back from Angora to California, an old gentleman,\\nthat lived on the coast at Monterey, wrote to me that he wanted to\\nexchange two hundred common goats for two high-graded Angora\\nbucks, so I went to see him and his goats. I lived about seventy miles\\non the west side of the San Joaquin. When I looked at his goats, they\\nwere long-haired Mexican goats, and through curiosity I caught one and\\nexamined its hair, and it had an undercoating of fur like the Tarsus\\ngoats. I said to the man the only objection I had to his goats was thai\\nthey were long-haired. As the party I wanted to trade them to preferred\\nshort-haired Mexican goats, ss they were more suitable to cross with\\nthe Angora. He stated to me that when he first took a notion to get\\ngoats some fourteen years before, he went to the east side of the San\\n*The sample of outer-hair, referred to by Mr. Hightower, is about\\ntwelve inches in length, and quite coarse; the under-hair is very\\nline and about four inches i.. length, resembling fur at the base, and\\nabout one-half the diameter of the outer fleece at the extreme end.\\nThe hair is very straight and very much like Mal ^ese goat hair, but\\nthis is doubtless owing to the age of the animal It was very thought-\\nful in Mr. Hightower to call attention to this matter, and it is quite\\nevident that the animal is a descendant of the Cashmere goat.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0242.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 231\\nJoaquin and bought him two hundred head of Mexican goats. The hair,\\nat that time, of these goats was short, and every generation with him\\nthe hair was getting longer. He showed me hair he had clipped ofif his\\ngoats for the making of hair rope, that was eight inches long. Now,\\naccording to my opinion, it is climate that influences and controls every\\nthing that lives, man or beast, trees and herbs, of every kind. What\\nI mean by climate, is the air, water and the elements that are in the\\nearth.\\nBearing upon this question, the following letter from Mr.\\nJohn Kennedy, a prominent breeder of sheep and Polled-Angus\\ncattle, in Menard County, Texas, will be of interest\\nDeervale Ranch, Menard County, Texas.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black:\\nDear Sir Referring to non-shedding Angora goats, I have never\\nobserved such an animal that I know of, but I can see no good reason\\nwhy such a type should not exist. We have, in our sheep family, a very\\ngreat variety of wool-bearing animals, and I should think the same\\npeculiarity would be entirely natural with the mohair goat. The Cheviot\\nsheep, for instance, always sheds its fleece, and so does the Lincoln, and\\nperhaps others that I have had no particular acquaintance with, but,,\\nwith the types I have mentioned, I have had more or less experience\\nin Scotland, and I know it is natural for them to shed off their wool\\nevery spring, and it is the custom always to wait until the new wool\\nbegins to grow before shearing them. If they are not sheared the wool\\nwill peal off in flakes, and will very soon all disappear, and the new\\ngrowth take its place.\\nWith some varieties of sheep, this is not the case, as, for instance,\\nthe Merino, and the Shropshire, which will hold their wool from year to\\nyear, and, as above stated, I see no reason why there should not be a\\ntype of the same character in the Angora goat family.\\nI consider the matter a very important one, and shall watch the\\nresult of your experiments with great interest.\\nYours truly,\\nJNO. KENNEDY.\\nHORNLESS ANGORAS.\\nThe hornless type is not so remarkable as they are known to\\nexist in Turkey, yet are very rare, both in South Africa and\\nthis country.\\nMr. Schreiner says", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0243.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "232 A Neiu Industry.\\nThere are other varieties in the modern Angora, due, I believe,\\nto the original Angora having been crossed w^ith other breeds. For\\ninstance, Conolly says: A curious statement made to us at Angora was,\\nthat only the white goats which have horns wear their fleece in the long,\\ncurly locks that are so much admired; those that are not horned having a\\ncomparatively close coat, I can not add anything to this statement, not\\nhaving had the point suggested when I was farming goats, but Mr.\\nBinns says it is devoid of fact. It may, however, be remembered that the\\nfemale of Capra Aegagrus is occasionally hornless, though I cannot see\\nthat this has any bearing on the statement made to Conolly. It will\\nbe interesting if observant men engaged in the industry will notice if\\nhornless goats (which, by the way, are very rare in this colony) have not,\\nas a rule, the curled locks in so pronounced a degree as those that are\\nhorned. This peculiarity, if it does exist, may not, of course, be due to\\nthe influence of some cross; the variations may simply be collateral.\\nFurther, crossing has been so universal and has had such an overwhelm-\\ning effect that a variation which might have been pronounced in 1840\\n(the date of Conolly s paper), might be almost obliterated now, espec-\\nially in the Cape, where the Boer goat has exercised such a powerful\\nand far-reaching influence. See Schreiner, p. 100.\\nBr. Bachman says\\nIn the northern provinces of China there are goats of a small size\\nwhich yield wool as abundantly as the sheep of the same country. Ex-\\ntending over the varied surface of Hindustan, the goats assume a\\nprodigious diversity of color, aspect and form. Sometimes they have\\nhorns, and sometimes they are destitute of them; sometimes they have\\nlong, pendulous ears; sometimes they have a short fur, like that of a\\nfawn, and sometimes fine, silky hair, falling in glossy ringlets on each\\nside of the dorsal line. The largest of the goats of Hindustan are brought\\nfrom Cabul, Thibet, and the highlands of Persia. The varieties in form,\\ncolor, and quantities of pelage, under which these various breeds of goats\\nare presented will account for the great difference in the figures of what\\nare called Cashmere goats. The same may be said of the Thibet shawl,\\nand the Angora goats. In a word, they are all of one species, but under\\nmany varieties; breeds have become permanent, and some are infinitely\\nmore valuable than others. Local names have attached to these various\\nbreeds, many of which are still confined to the herdsmen of the East.\\nTo the farmer, the possession of the most valuable breed of goats is of\\nfar more importance than the name by which it is designated. (See\\nAgtl. Dept. Report, 1857, p. 58.)\\nMr. Diehl imported a hornless Castomboul buck in 1870,\\nwhich was sold to Mr. Wm. M. Landrnm, who took it to Cali-\\nfornia. Mr. Landrum writes me on this subject, as follows:", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0244.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "o\\nK)\\nxi r\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0o\\nH\\n+j\\n.d\\n3\\nhom\\na)\\nO\\n00\\nt-t\\nCl\\na\\n1\\nI-,\\no\\nT^\\n=1\\nXJ\\n7^\\nO^\\nrt\\nu\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2O\\ni^\\naj\\nt\\n11)\\no\\n(i\\n^P\\no\\ncS\\n03\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a\\nid\\nit\\ng\\n0)\\nOtI\\n*t\\nt)\\n_1I\\nt; tS *i c\\n;=J an\\nOJ\\nL-L_\\nd od\\nO\\nO bl)\\nO\\nas\u00c2\u00ab^ s\\n1\\no\\n.^\\\\d j;.\\nQ\\nLl\\nlJ\\nQ\\nu^\\nm\\noo3|\\nJ\\nM a fe:\\n3\\nd go ft\\nCD\\n3 2^ cS\\no\\nf/)\\nUJ\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00941\\no bija; o\\nO\\nr\\nisji^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0gs^^\\nw^^S\\nd- S/a\\nW u d m\\ns^ss\\n2i 43 U\\n\u00c2\u00abi^gfl\\nK d S-d\\nD a\\n1-. *J 4)\\nSg-oa\\n.,ij\u00c2\u00bby\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2A\\n^\u00c2\u00abB\\nD\\nH\\nOi O\\nE-i\\nd ci", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0245.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0246.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 285\\nI selected two bucks from the Diehl Brown importation, one of\\nwhich was the celebrated Castomboul hornless buck which sheared twenty\\npounds, but too coarse for any use but for making wigs. I bred him only\\none year, mostly to graded ewes.\\nIn Fitzinger s Natural History (German), figures 212-315,\\nthere are four good views of the hirctis capra pillosa, the rough-\\nhaired domestic goat, the Cashmere, and the Thibetian, in which\\nthe Cashmere is represented with a black neck and white face,\\nalmost straight, round, pointed horns, long, coarse, white\\nhair, tail six inches long; while the Thibetian goat is repre-\\nsented with a long smooth neck, a shape-like head, hornless,\\nshort hair, with an immense udder, indicative of a sood milker\\nrather than a fleece-bearing animal. (See Agtl. Dept. Report,\\n1863, p. 221.)\\nMr. S. S. McKibben, of Earlham, Madison County, Iowa,\\nsecured a hornless goat from a lot he had purchased in Texas,\\nand, having a preference for polled stock of all kinds, he con-\\ncluded to breed him to see if he would breed true to type. His\\nfirst experiment was in the spring of 1898, with eight horned\\ndoes, and the result was seven hornless kids, and one that\\nhad horns.\\nMr. McKibben writes me the following description of this\\nanimal, which he has name Dewey, and whose pho-\\ntograph is here given\\nEarlham, Iowa, Sept. 10, 1899.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Fort McKavett, Texas:\\nDear Sir Referring to my hornless buck, Admiral Dewey, he\\nwas dropped in the spring of 1898, and came to me with a lot of Angora\\ngoats that were shipped from Texas, in July of that year. I concluded not\\nto sell him, as I had a preference for polled stock of all kinds, and was\\nanxious to see if I could perpetuate the type. At the age of about eight\\nmonths, Dewey showed to be a very well developed animal, and was much\\nlarger and heavier-boned than any of the horned goats of the same age.\\nIn December of 1898, I bred him to eight horned does, and they dropped\\neight very finely developed kids, the May following, seven of which were\\nhornless, and very much like Dewey one had the same kind of (lop)\\nears like the does, the remainder having (fox) ears, like himself.\\nI herewith enclose you a photograph showing Dewey and two\\nof his kids. I shall breed, him in December to about seventy- five does/^\\nand feel quite confident the result will be equally as favorable as above\\nstated.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0247.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "SS6 A Nezv Industry.\\nReferring to the general disposition of Dewey I would state he\\nis very gentle, and never shows the slightest inclination to fight, or buck,\\nwhich is a common characteristic with the horned goat, often resulting\\nin the breaking of a leg by hooking each other in play.\\nThe hair of Dewey is of a wavy character, very fine in fibre, and\\nwell distributed over the entire body. It grows to about the length of\\neight to ten inches. Dewey promises to be much larger than any goat\\nI have ever seen, and I shall not be surprised if he should reach a weight\\nof 175 pounds. Yours truly,\\nS. S. McKIBBEN.\\nTo my own mind, it is not surprising that these different\\ntypes of Angora goats exist, for it has been the experience of\\nall cross-breeding of domestic animals, in the past that, some\\nnew type has cropped out from time to time, which, when pre-\\nserved, and bred with care, has been developed into a distinct\\nbreed.\\nDarwin says\\nThe many breeds of dogs and cattle may arise from more than one\\nspecies, but probably those of horses and fowls; and, clearly those of\\nrabbits, ducks and pigeons are each descended from a single species.\\nIn this respect the breeds of pigeons are of peculiar importance, since not\\nonly carrier and tumbler, runt and barb, pouter and fan-tail, but at\\nleast a score of varieties might be chosen which differ so thoroughly,\\ninternally, as well as externally, that an ornithologist treating them as\\nwild birds would be compelled to grant them specific, and even distinct\\ngeneric, rank. Yet, since all these have indisputably arisen from the\\nwild rock dove {Columba livia) it is clear that naturalists, who admit\\na unity to such domestic races, which professed breeders have often\\nlaughed to scorn, should, in tin^n, be cautious before deriding the unity\\nof wild ones.\\nHow then have domestic races been produced? By external con-\\nditions, or habits, alone. One of their most remarkable features is, in\\nexhibiting adaptation, not to their own good, but to man s use or fancy\\nWe know that all the breeds were not produced as perfect as we now see\\nthem, and the key is man s power of accumulative selection; nature gives\\nsuccessive variations, man adds them up, making for himself useful\\nbreeds.\\nSkilful breeders speak of the organization as plastic and under\\ncontrol, and have effected extensive modifications within our own gen-\\neration. Unconscious selection, which results from every one trying to\\npossess and breed the best individuals, is even more important. This", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0248.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "-237\\nS. S. McKIBBON.\\nShowing one of his Hornless Kids, four montlis old,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0249.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0250.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 239\\naccumulated change explains why we so often cannot recognize the wild\\nparent stocks of our cultivated plants, while its absence in countries\\ninhabited by uncivilized man, explains why these never yield plants\\nworth immediate culture. Man s power of selection is facilitated by keep-\\ning large numbers, in which variations are more likely to occur. Facility\\nin preventing crosses is also of importance, as of pigeons, contrasted with\\ncats; some species are, however, less variable than others, e. g., the\\ngoose.\\nHe also says:\\nA race of cattle called Dutch buttockcd, was formed in Yorkshire\\nby selecting in each generation the animal with the largest hind quar-\\nters. When the breed began to be established, it was found that the\\nlarge size of the calves hind quarters increased the dangers of parturi-\\ntion to a considerable extent. This case is interesting as showing that\\nhurtful peculiarities may be inherited just as leadily as those which are\\nbeneficial, and, as bearing witness to the improbability of the view that\\nthere is an innate tendency to vary in the right direction.\\nIn his work on the Orig-jn of the Species, this renowned\\nnaturalist says\\nI have discussed the probable origin of domestic pigeons at some,\\nthough insufficient length, because, when I first kept pigeons, and watched\\nthe several kinds, well knowing how truly they breed, I felt fully as much\\ndifficulty in believing that since they had been domesticated they had\\nall proceeded from a common parent, as any naturalist could in coming\\nto a similar conclusion in regard to the many species of finches, or\\nother groups of birds, in nature.\\nOne circumstance has struck me much, namely, that nearly all the\\nbreeders of the various domestic animals, and the cultivators of plants,\\nwith v/hom I have conversed, or whose treatises I have read, are firmly\\nconvinced that the several breeds to which each has attended are de-\\nscended from so many aboriginally distinct species. Ask, as I have asked,\\na celebrated raiser of Hereford cattle, whether his cattle might have not\\ndescended from long-horns, or both from a common parent stock, and he\\nwill laugh you to scorn. I have never met a pigeon, or poultry, or duck,\\nor rabbit fancier, who was not fully convinced that each main breed was\\ndescended from a distinct species. (See Origin of the Species, p. 2.3.)\\nBnt is quite unnecessary, I think, to dwell upon this, for it\\nis known to all American and English breeders that most of\\nour present line types of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, have\\nIjeen produced by selecting the finest specimens and breeding\\nthem separately. Some may have originated from so-called", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0251.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "2JfO A Nezv Industry.\\nsports, or freaks but, is it not reasonable to believe that these\\nsports or freaks, would not have been produced, if it had not\\nbeen for the cross-breeding which had been followed before\\nIn the face of such convincing testimony as I have referred\\nto, it is idle, in my opinion, for anyone to undertake to describe\\na thoroughbred Angora goat at this time. An animal with\\nwavy hair, measuring six inches in length, and with fox-like ears,\\nmay have as much right to that proud title as one which has\\nhair hanging in beautiful ringlets twelve or fifteen inches in\\nlength, with long pendant ears.\\nThe valuable American Merino sheep of today bears but\\nlittle resemblance to the Spanish Merino which was improved\\nby careful selection of the best types and, the French Ramboul-\\nlet owes its origin entirely to the same course of breeding.\\nMr. Henry Stewart, in his recently (1898) published work\\non The Domestic Sheep, says\\nEvery existing breed of sheep has been differentiated from the wild\\nrace by human agency. (See Stewart, p. 239.)\\nIt is therefore quite possible to bring about the same result\\nwith the mohair goat, if the same caie is exercised in selecting\\nand breeding.\\nMr. Bachman, in concluding his report on the Davis\\ngoats, says\\nSince it possesses the characteristics of all the other domesticated\\nanimals, we have reason to believe, that, by judicious breeding and devot-\\ning to this subject the same attention that breeders in England bestow\\non their horses, cattle, sheep and swine, an equal number of improved\\nvarieties will be produced. We are, at present, unacquainted with any\\nsuperior variety of goat, with which this might be crossed to improve\\nthe fineness of the wool. Improved individuals, however, spring up in\\nthese varieties themselves, without any foreign admixture; and, by select-\\ning these, and separating them from the common stock, we have at once\\na new breed, which soon becomes a permanent race.\\nLet us, in these matters, follow the teachings of Nature, in all her\\ndepartments. How were the varieties of Sea Island cotton, or large\\nrice, or prolific corn, wheat, etc., produced? A few stalks of these\\nsuperior qualities were detected in the fields. Thus far it was the free\\ngift of a beneficent Creator. Man, his agent, now sekcted and cultivated\\nthem separate from the others. Thus, a valuable variety was obtained", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0252.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Result of Crossing the Angora. Sff.1\\nthat may, by proper care, be perpetuated. In the Courier des Etats\\nUnis, we have a long and interesting account of a Merino sheep in\\nFrance, which, instead of wool, produced fine silken hair. The breed\\nwas perpetuated, and goes under the name of Cashmere sheep.\\nAt the Universal Exhibition, in Paris, it was affirmed by the\\njudges of one of the shawls made of this hair that they found this (as\\nthey named it) native Cashmere, as soft and as brilliant as the imported\\nand that it was superior to the latter on account of its regularity of detail.\\n(See Agtl. Dept. Report, 1857, p. 65.)\\nWEIGHT OP CARCASS.\\nIs an important feature that should not be lost\\nsight of by the American breeder. The reports I have\\nreceived upon this subject, which may be found in detail under\\nthe head of Notes From Practical Breeders, indicate the\\nweights of Angora goats as ranging from 75 pounds up to 175\\npounds. It is manifestly to the best interest of the industry that\\nas large an animal as possible should be propagated, and it is well\\nthat breeders should keep this in view, when it is possible to\\ncombine it without too large a sacrifice of the more important\\nessential, a good class of combing mohair.\\nIn a letter from Mr. S. S. Brannin, of Marysville, Mont.,\\nhe says\\nThere is no doubt but what they grow larger in the Northern\\ncountry, than farther South, as my three-year-old muttons average ten\\nto fifteen pounds more than in New Mexico, where I brought them from.\\nI have also noticed an increase in quantity, and quality, of mohair.\\nI made a trip, last summer, through the western part of this State,\\nfor the purpose of learning what I could of the wild goat. We suc-\\nceeded in finding a good many, and killed one so as to more closely\\nexamine them, and I find they are a genuine goat in every particular.\\nThe great ^st difference from the domestic goat being in the head and face\\nwhich is much longer and thinner. They are much larger, however, the\\nbucks weighing as much as three hundred pounds. In color they are en-\\ntirely white, and in winter they are covered with an immense coat of\\nfine wool, with long, coarse hair on the neck, legs, and withers. The\\nbucks have a long beard under the chin. Horns are black, and smaller\\nthan the domestic goat. Legs are short. Feet near the size of a yearling\\ncalf. They inhabit the high rocky ranges, their habits being exactly the\\nsame as that of the tame goat.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0253.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "21^2 A Neiv Industry.\\nA person will have no trouble in locating their range as the country-\\nis completely strewn with wool. I send you herewith a sample of this\\nwool.\\nIt would, indeed, be interesting to see what a cross from this\\nwild species with an Angora goat would resuU in, and it is to be\\nhoped that some of the breeders in Montana, or neighboring\\nTerritories, will endeavor to make this experiment. (See Ap-\\npendix for plate and particulars of the Rocky Mountain goat.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0254.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIX.\\nCROSS BREEDING, OR HOW TO GRADE UP THE\\nMEXICAN GOAT.\\nThe Mexican goat consists of three very cHstinct varie-\\nties, which are mixed in color, the white predominating. As a\\nrule, they are thin bodied, leggy, and have very much the shape\\nof a Mexican sheep. One of the varieties has short, coarse hair,\\nbut bright and glossy. Another has short hair, which has a dead,\\nkempy appearance and the third has long, straight hair, some-\\ntimes five or six inches, and is undoubtedly a descendant of the\\nMaltese. It is advisable always to avoid this latter kind, as they\\nare hard to improve. Indeed, it is next to an impossibility to\\ncompletely change their character. Many breeders, especially\\nin the early day, have attempted it, doubtless attracted by their\\nlong hair, which, although coarse in fibre, is very pretty and\\nglossy, and would seem to indicate a near relationship with the\\nlong-haired Angora, but they are no kin at all, and the fact of\\ntheir having retained their individuality for several centuries, in\\nMexico, where they have been bred and interbred with the short-\\nhaired goat, is very strong evidence of their great strength of\\nblood.\\nCol. J. Wash. Watts, of South Carolina, appears to have had\\nsome experience with this kind of goat, he says\\nI began with the milk goat; had two varieties the long-haired\\nMaltese, and the short-haired South American. About the year 1872\\nI came in possession of three Angoras, one buck and two does, obtained\\nfrom the Hon. D. Wyatt Aiken, our member of Congress, who got\\nthe buck from Col. Peters, of Georgia, and a splendid animal he was.\\nThe does were from the flock of the late Hon. W. H. Stiles, ex-Minister\\nto Austria, who made an importation about the year 18G0. I bred the\\nbuck to my milk goats; the result was a beautifid lot of large, well-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0255.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "21i.Jt. A Neiu Industry.\\nformed half-breeds, showing no fleece. He was bred to his kids the next\\nfall, which produced a pretty animal with considerable fleece, which grew\\nto be about three inches in length. Those descended from the short-\\nhaired goat had a much more uniform fleece than those from the long-\\nhaired goat; and, some of those retained their long, straight hair through\\nthe fourth and fifth crosses.\\nCol. Watts attributes the difficulty in improving the Mal-\\ntese goat to the fact that, it is easier to breed up a fleece than to\\nchange one, which is a very reasonable conclusion.\\nMEXICAN DOE, WITH TWO ANGORA KIDS.\\nDr. Hayes calls attention to the experience of M. de la Tour\\nde Aigues, president of the Royal Society of Agriculture of\\nFrance, who, in 1787, introduced some hundreds of the Angora\\ngoats into Europe under care of Turkish shepherds, where they\\ngreatly prospered. He affirms that\\nEven after the sixteenth generation the hair of the crosses, obtained\\nby crossing the Angora buck with the female of the common goat,\\nremained hair; and, although it was elongated, it could not be spun;", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0256.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "Cross Breeding Grading up the Mexican Goat. 2JfO\\nand, although they procreate with our goats, we can never hope tc\\nmultiply them by crossing the races, because the vic-2 of the mother is\\nnever effaced.\\nIf some individuals approach more or less the race of the sire,\\nthe hair will always be shorter, and too coarse to be worked. (See\\nHayes, p. 25.)\\nAt the time (1868) that Dr. Hayes pubhshed the first. edi-\\ntion of his work on the Angora Goat, Its Culture and Pro-\\nckicts, he was decidedly of the opinion it was not possible to\\ncross the Angora upon any of the lower species of goats suc-\\ncessfully. He was undoubtedly influenced in his judgment by\\nthe opinion of that eminent breeder of sheep, Dr. Randall, who\\nalways maintained that\\nBase blood runs out rapidly by arithmetical calculation; but, prac-\\ntically it stays in, and is ever and anon cropping out by exhibiting the\\nold base characteristics, in a way that sets all calculations at defiance.\\nHe also referred to the illustrious naturalist, M. de Quatre-\\nfages, who had recently discussed, in his lectures at the Museum\\nd Historie Naturelle, and in the Revue des Deux Mondes, the\\nprinciples which govern the formation of races, thus:\\nThere is one law in crossing which is constantly verified: each of\\nthe two authors tends to transmit to the products, at the same time,\\nall its qualities, good or bad. (See Hayes, p. 21.)\\nBut this same high authority also says, and Dr. Hayes\\nquoted it immediately following the above, but does not seem\\nto have been at all influenced by the opinion that\\nWhen the power is equal in the two parents, the product will have\\nan equal mixt ure of the qualities of the parents; there will be a pre-\\ndominance nf the qualities of one, where this power of transmissabilit i\\nis unequal.\\nThe inequality of the power appears to be much greater when the\\nraces are nearest each other; for, sometimes, the crossing between such\\nraces gives a product which seems to belong entirely to one of the two.\\nIn a subsequent addition of his book (1882) he admits the\\nerror he had been led into, and frankly says\\nThe facts at my command in 1868, seemed to justify the adoption\\nof the theory of pure breeding; but, theory must yield to inexorable facts.\\nI, independently, came to the conclusion, in 1877, that 1 had pushed the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0257.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "2Ji(\\nA Nczv Industry.\\ntheory too far, by the observation of a remarkable commercial fact:\\nThe Messrs. Bowes, in their statistics of wool in 1876, referring to the\\nacclimation, in the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, of the Angora\\ngoat, and the production of mohair, say: The progress made during the\\nlast dozen years has been very satisfactory, not only as regards the\\nquantity produced, but the quality, which has been very much improved.\\nThe first shipment was made in 1865, and consisted of 6,804 pounds;\\nin 1869 two hundred and forty-five thousand pounds were shipped; and,\\nin 1870, the quantity reached one million, two hundred and ninety-eight\\nthousand, four hundred and fifty-five pounds.\\nIt was evident to me that this quantity, at four pounds of fleece to\\neach, requiring over 300,000 head, could not have grown upon pure\\nanimals, as they could not have been procured in sufficient numbers;\\nand, that it must have been the product of graded animals.\\nA conclusive test of the quality of the mohair thus produced, was\\nthe fact that it became a regular article of export, or a marketable pro-\\nduct. (See Hayes, p. 50.)\\nIt was quite -reasonable for Dr. Hayes to have formed the\\nopinion that he did, in 1868, after reading of the experience of", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0258.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "Cross Breeding Grading up the Mexican Goat. 21^7\\nM. de la Tour cle Aigues. There had been Httle or no advance-\\nment made in the industry, either in South Africa or the United\\nStates, up to that time and, it was cjuite natural that he should\\nhave shared the opinion of those who had made the experiment\\nin France. The only explanation that can be advanced for the\\nfailure of M. de la Tour de Aigues is that, the Maltese goat was\\nthe foundation upon which he was trying to build up his flock\\nof grades.\\nPLATE XII.\\nTHIRD CROSS CN THE MEXICAN GCAT BY A THOROUGHBRED ANGORA BUCK.\\n.-V iliffereiK-e will be observed i l the ears, while the tieeee is\\npraetieally the same on all tlii-ee.\\nThe short-haired Mexican, that presents a dead, kempy\\nappearance is much more difficult to improve than the bright,\\nglossy variety, a fact which will doubtless explain the great\\ndifference in time taken by, some raisers in this country to\\ngrade up their goats. It is quite common to hear of goats\\nhaving been bred up to a condition of absolute freedom from", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0259.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": ".HS\\nI \\\\,,v liuliislry.\\nkcmp, Willi ll\\\\r (IK-.M S, wIllK ollhl;. ll.l\\\\r ll.lil (.1 lOlllfllil\\nWilli .1 .liiMk l rn.U .t li.in .iloii: llir iiri k .iml Imi klmiir, m mi\\nI 111 Ikliik ,11 111 liiuil i|ii.ii U-i Ii i ui.iiu .1:. Uii 1 1 1 1 .r.r-., w il luMlt\\ntwtii lluii Imiu; .il lr 1.1 iiliirl\\\\ uiuovi il, wliuli is. 111 .ill\\npi I ili.iliilil ilur ii llu- II, i- t l llu ill hi, ki iiipN \\\\,iiirlv.\\nIll 111 I Hi! I. 111. ill Il 1 Will 111 ii ii il .ill poiuh sli.ipnl\\n,1111111, il, .iiiil v liiU .u 1 11 (0 ,;i l .1:, kiij .i .uul .ir. iiiiiliMiii .1 li l .IS\\npossible,\\nl l..\\\\ l lil Ml,\\nFOURTH CROSS ON Ttll Ml \\\\ir \\\\N r,0. \\\\T I^Y A THOKXUIUHIARI-^P ANUOR, PUCK,\\n0\\\\\\\\\u00c2\u00bb xtuwt illlViU oiiiH- will liii ivli\u00c2\u00aborv(nl tl t cnw i l lUiwii tuvln i\\\\U\\nim i,l\\\\n\\\\vi\\\\ H\\\\lvtl o\\\\ \u00c2\u00bbSh,\\nC\\\\ K r i.s not iiu| im i.iul .ir, .i M.uk iku will piiuliui .1 wliilr\\nkill Willi .IS mill 11 iv ll.lUllN ,1 .1 willli iMlv will, pii NliK il llu\\n\\\\iim i.i I lu k has Lk-cii .Miltuu-ullv uupu vi^l lo 1h- pu pou-iii.\\nTill ^.v K v iiiMi i l .1 siu- IS, lUiK v il. llu- kv ii llu- wIikIo .sil-\\nM,Hli)|l 11 ,1 l i iM iMli- 1-, i llll li Til, llllPl i I llU lll will lu- ;-loW", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0260.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "ro.S i lili i ilnty I ltd my u llir Mc.lii till .mil li .l\\n.iimI liK fioojf, aij i if i. ^O l OIJ JfS iist l, lie- li.ioi m l|j\\nrharactt i of the o/iimon i ;o;i( v/ill Ic i/i;)i v I yu .ly );i)/) l.\\nCol, Jii -|)ar l f etiirs states\\ni}\\\\\\\\f, f)\\\\ Ux; nfosl vaiiiahle, interesthig an4 r\u00c2\u00ab))/;fil !ibJ Uiid;? i)j\\nAngora is (l)\u00c2\u00ab capi liiy with vviiicl) /leftc^-lK-arinH: yoaU can ij\u00c2\u00ab obtained\\nby using iborougbb/ -d bucks to cros? on tb\u00c2\u00ab common short l)air\u00c2\u00ab4\\nwe goals of t))c country. The second cross produces a goat with a ski\u00c2\u00bb\\nvauled for rugs, m;its and gloves, The fifth cross (known by many\\nbreeders as full, hloodij) will yield a fleece not inferior t/ nmch of th\u00c2\u00ab\\nniohair imported from Asia Minor, The fifth cross can be readily\\ndHained in five or six years, Thoroughbred bucks should always be,\\nused, because the proge/jy of the so-called full-|)lood l ucks vary grejitly,\\nand the upw- od progress is by no njeans satisfado) y. (\\\\-,n- H.-jyi^s,\\np./) I.)\\nThe ii y\\\\i\\\\ j u.lt hlunil, in of Ain Tiran origin; as ii\\\\ \\\\)\\\\\\\\e(\\\\ to\\ngoat\u00c2\u00bb; at least, Jt is connnonly used by ouiny l reeders at the\\npresent fimf, and I aio not sure but it is a )\\\\i\\\\u\\\\\\\\ innve. appropriate\\nterm iIj;iij pwc-hrt il, for it is yttvy doubtful if there is one\\nabsolutely pure-bred Augom goat in the world, i\u00c2\u00bb the strict sense\\nof the term, owing to the comnion custom of cross-breeding that\\nhas been practiced in Ttu key, Soufh Africa, and our own coinitry\\nfor the past fifty years. There is no doubt that, when the ter n\\nwas first l)rought into use (aljout I870j, it was for the purpose\\nof leading ig/iorant buyers to believe (hat such animals possessed\\nall the qualities ol a pur\u00c2\u00ab-bfed, or thoroughbred, The three\\nternis l eing synonyj))ous made the. practice a species of decep-\\ntion, lK r lering closely on lo frau l,and it is, no doul)t, responsible\\nfor the failiu e th, it ;itt -n^j(/l the efforts of \\\\ii .iMy of our early\\nbreeders,\\nlint there is no reason why fb ie hhoul J not be a great many\\nAngora goats in the United States now that Ijave l een bred up\\nto a condition of purity, from slujrt-haired does, equal to any\\nanimal that can be iujported from abro- id,\\nlb most essential f ;i(ur in a buck is that of being\\nable lo transmit a strong mohair-producing quality, in the\\nfewest number of crosses; and, with all due respect to\\nthose who hold that, base bloo l runs out rapidly, by arith-\\nmetical calculation, etc., I f^el u hesitation m ^ayin^ we have", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0261.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "250 A Nnv Industry.\\nmany cross-bred bucks in the United States today that are super-\\nior to many of the so-called pure-breds, not alone in the\\npower of procreation, but in excellence of fleece as well.\\nIf, as has been clearly proven by the experience we have had\\nin breeding this animal, the coarse, short hair on a common goat\\nran be transposed into a complete covering of mohair, without\\nthe slightest existence of any of the original hair, commonly\\ncalled kemp, I cannot well understand how it is possible for any\\nof the original base blood to remain in the animal.\\nI am certainly supported in this opinion by the illustrious\\nnaturalist, M. de Ouatrefages, quoted by Dr. Hayes, who says\\nWhen the power of transmissibility is equal in two parents, the\\nproduce will have an equal mixture of the qualities of both; but, where\\none predominates in certain ciualities over the other, the ppwer of trans-\\nmissibility will be unequal.\\nThe inequality of the power of transmissibility appears to be much\\ngreater when the races are nearest each other, for sometimes the cross-\\ning between such races gives a product which seems to belong entirely\\nto one of the two. (Hayes, p. 22.)\\nIf any evidence of kciup can be found on the animal it is,\\nin my judgment, an indication of impurity and such a sire should\\nbe rejected; but, as before stated, if he is covered all over with\\nnothing but mohair, there is as much certainty of such a sire\\nbegetting his like as there would be if he could trace his lineage\\nto the original sire of the Angora race.\\nI am aware of the fact that in making this statement I set\\nat defiance the opinion of many of our old and able breeders who\\ntake a different view of it as for instance. Col. J- A\\\\ ash. Watts\\nof South Carolina, who says\\nI would not breed from a graded male at all if I wished to attain\\nperfection. (See Hayes, p. OG.)\\nAnd Col. Richard Peters opinion was\\nIt is a fact that, no breeder, however experienced he may be in\\nraising the Angora, can, by his eye, select a so-called full-blood from a\\nflock of thoroughbreds, but the get of the full-blood buck will, invariably,\\nenable any intelligent shepherd to detect the fraud upon the thorough-\\nbred. (See Hayes, p. 96.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0262.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "251\\nM g to a\\n.3 i y 13\\nCO\\no 3-? si\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0=1 o s H 5\\n\u00c2\u00ab5jS-p\\neS n\\nK\\nSo S\\ncl)\\nH\\nH\\nID\\ntl", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0263.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0264.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "Breeding Past Experience Result of Crossing the Angora. 253\\nBut, I would remind the reader that, nearly twenty years\\nhave elapsed since the eminent authorities referred to, expressed\\nthese opinions, and that it is not unreasonable to believe there\\nhas been great changes made in the character of the full-blood\\nduring this long period of time.\\nReferring- to Turkey, Mr. George Gatherall, of Constanti-\\nnople, says\\nPLATE XV.\\nFULL-BLOOD YEARLING ANGORA BUCKS.\\nShowing different kinds of ears.\\nIt has been, and still is, the custom to cross the black, or brown,\\nor, white, straight-haired goat with the mohair goat, to give the latter\\na stronger physique, the fifth cross being considered thoroughbred.\\n(See Schreiner, p. 82.)\\nAnd M. Boulier says the same thing:\\nPurity is regained after in-breeding to five generations, and thus\\ndescribes the effects of crossing, and the gradual elimination of the\\ninferior qualities of the Kurd goat in the successive generations:", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0265.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "251}. A Neiv Industry.\\n1. The cross of a black female with a white buck will present\\na fleece marbled with a yellow color upon an impure white foundation.\\nThe flanks, the shoulders, and the head, will preserve more particularly\\nthe marks of the color of the mother, the fineness of the fleece will be\\nsensibly ameliorated.\\n2. The cross of this first product with a white buck will cause all\\nthe dark tints to disappear; the fleece will become white; the shoulders\\nand flanks will be covered with wavy ringlets; but the whole line of the\\nback and the forehead will remain furnished with coarse, straight hairs.\\n3. On coupling this new cross, alwa3 S with a buck of the pure race,\\nwe shall obtain a greater fineness in the long ringlets of the flanks\\nand shoulders; the dorso-lumbar portion of the vertebral column will\\nno longer retain coarse hairs, which will remain, still, on the upper part\\nof the neck and forehead.\\n4. A fourth cross, carried on with the same precautions as before,\\nwill fix a stamp of purity on the product; the coarse hairs will have dis-\\nappeared on the forehead and neck.\\n5. The consecutive crossings will render more stable the modifi-\\ncations already formed, and already, after the fifth generation, the indi-\\nviduals will be able to reproduce as if they were pure blood. (See\\nSchreiner, pp. 76-77.)\\nReferring to the power of a graded Angora to transmit\\nthe mohair characteristic, Col. W. W. Haupt expresses his opin-\\nion in the following very logical manner\\nThat the law of astavism applies to cross-breeds is not doubted.\\nBut, if in two species of animals, of inter-breeding relations, you could\\nfind in one of them a trait or feature, which the other did not possess,\\nnor ever d/J, then the cross-breed, from these two species, could only inherit\\nthis feature from the parent which did possess it, and none whatever\\nfrom the parent which did not. Let the mohair of the Angora represent\\nthis feature, aiid the common goat, which we will assume to be the\\nmother in this case, to represent the deficient side. Then, if it can be\\nshown that such a feature can be found in animals of the same species,\\nand that the cross-breed can not inherit any portion of it from the dam s\\nside, and that mohair will not cross with the hair of the dam, don t\\nthis solve the question that hair, and mohair, are dissimilar, and that,\\nthe cross-breed cannot breed back toward the dam s side, through his\\nprogeny, any portion of a feature, none of which he obtained from his\\ndam, though he will do so in any other feature common to both, as\\ncolor, form, etc.? And so, in point of mohair, he can impart only that\\nwhich he obtained pure, and unmixed, from his sire. It has been fully\\nshown elsewhere, that, whilst the finest bred sheep will cross its fibres\\nwith a coarse, hairy sheep, and produce a medium wool in the offspring,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0266.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "Cross Breeding Grading up the Mexican Goat. 255\\nthat mohair will not cross with the hair of the common goat, or the long\\nhair of the Maltese goat, showing the two fibres to be unlike, and that\\nmohair is implanted in the offspring to the eviction of the hair, and\\nthrough no influence of the dam; and that the mohair, on the first\\ncross, is short and fine, proving there s no cross of the mohair with\\nthe hair, as is shown in the fibres of the sheep. If these premises and\\nconclusions are correct, then it further follows that a cross-bred or grade\\nbuck will impart an amount of mohair to his offspring in the ratio of\\nhis grade to a pure-breed; that is, a sixth cross or sixty-three sixty-\\nfourth grade will impart to his offspring all the mohair a pure-blood\\nwould, less the one-sixty-fourth part he lacked of being ptu^e, and that\\nwhat mohair he produces in his offspring, though it would be in less\\nquantity, would be equally fine, as from a pure-blood, crossed on the\\nsame dam. Whilst to other features in the offspring of this sixth\\ncross, they would be imparted in proportion as he received them from\\nboth of his parents. And, continuing on this line, would further say\\nthat, in a high-grade, the fraction of common blood is so very small in\\na twelfth cross, for instance, being only one in 4,096 parts, that, as\\nelsewhere stated, they became the equal, or in fact, pure-bloods, to all\\npurposes of mohair. (Southern Farmer, 1889.)\\nAnd I can point to the eminent breeder, Dr. Robt. W.\\nScott, of Kentucky, who, when asked the question Will high-\\ngrade bucks known as full-bloods, e., those of the fifth cross\\nand upwards, produce this wool when bred to native females,\\nsimilarly as with pure-bred or thoroughbred bucks? said:\\nThis question has been affirmatively settled by the experience of\\nevery breeder of Angora goats in the United States, so far as I have\\never known or heard; yet, while similar, yet not so perfectly as the\\npure-bred males, the fleeces which are produced by the full-blood bucks\\nbeing more subject to long and coarse hairs in them than those which\\nare pure-bred bucks. (Extract from Atlanta, Ga., Constitution.)\\nAfter referring to a few breeders who were opposed to the\\nuse of full-blood bucks, one of whom was a Texas grower, who\\nstated that he would not buy a goat if he knew it was a grade,\\nand knew it had fifteen crosses in it. (Dr. Hayes very char-\\nitably omitted the gentleman s name.) Dr. Hayes says\\nLet me caution the reader against pushing the rgument, contained\\nin the preceding paragraphs, too far, as I did myself in my original\\nessay. I am now convinced that after a provision of a certain supply\\nof thoroughbred bucks, the most effectual and profitable means of advanc-\\ning the Angora culture is through a proper use of graded animals.\\n(See Hayes, p. 97.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0267.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "256 A Nczv Industry.\\nIt is not surprising that the early breeders should have\\ndreaded the full-blood for, I am well convinced, they were\\ntotally unfitted to be used as sires in many cases but there is cer-\\ntainly no comparison between the goats of 1870-1880, and those of\\n1900. A greater number of breeders are now engaged in the\\nindustry and greater care has been exercised in improving the\\ncharacter of the animal, why then should we not have approached\\ncloser to purity?\\nIt is, perhaps, proper that I should make myself more fully\\nunderstood with reference to the use of bucks that show kemp.\\nAs has been shown by the testimony of several authorities, this\\nfeature is gradually removed by proper breeding with males\\nthat do not possess any kcmp and it ought to be entirely eliminated\\nby the fifth crossing which, however, applies to kemp that\\nusually shows on the neck, or backbone, the shoulders and\\nflanks. But there is another kind of hair which is called kcmp\\nby many, and is referred to by Dr. Scott in the description that\\nhe gives of a purc-hrcd Angora, Viz:\\nLike some furred animals these goats wear two distinct and dif-\\nferent suits of clothing and mainly at different seasons. One is short,\\nstiff, coarse, and of no commercial value; the other is long, in proportion\\nto the degree of blood, and is lustrous, soft, silky and elastic. (Sec\\nHayes, p. 64.)\\nIt does not necessarilly follow that such goats as these are\\nimpure, and while I dotibt very much if there are any such\\nanimals in the United States at the present time (Dr. Scott wrote\\nthe above description about 1881 or 1882), if any should exist\\nand a breeder of reputation can give asstu ance that the animal\\nhad been bred true to his type for a long time, the mere presence\\nof this undercoating of coarse hair is in no way detrimental to\\nthe animal as the hair is so short as not to mix with the mohair\\nwhen the animal is shorn.\\nAnd while I agree perfectly with all Col. Haupt has said,\\nwith reference to the power of a graded goat to impress his\\nprogeny with as much of the mohair qualities as he possesses,\\nmy conviction is that any animal should be rejected as a sire\\nthat shows coarse, kcnipy hair on the neck or mane, the back-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0268.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "1 o\\nI Q\\n\u00c2\u00ab-2\\n1\\ns\\ncr\\nop,\\nO\\nt?i?\\no\\n0\\nz\\nyp\\n^s\\nQ\\ni O\\no\\nm", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0269.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0270.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "Cross Breeding Grading up the Mexican Goat. 259\\nbone or flanks. There are plenty of goats that can be had that\\nare totally free from these objections,, and it is always safer to\\nselect animals that do not show them.\\nThe fleece of a breeding sire should be well distributed\\nover the whole of the body, on the chest, and belly.\\nThe greater the weight, of course, the more rapidly will the\\nmohair seed be implanted in the hide of the common goat. The\\ncharacter of the fleece whether wav}- or in ringlets, creamy or\\nwhite, is altogether a matter of fancy. Weight of fleece, com-\\nbined wdth fineness, lustre, and length of fiber, are the chief\\nessentials. The most salable length is six inches and above,\\nwhich is known in the trade as combing mohair.\\nThe character of horns is not material or, the tuft on the\\nforehead. The latter is very pretty, and is an undoubted evi-\\ndence of great purity of the mohair blood, yet we have many\\nequally fine animals that do not show such a growth.\\nThe size of carcass I think is a feature nearl}^ as important\\nas fleece, and should not be overlooked. A big frame is certainly\\nmore capable of producing a larger amount of mohair than a\\nsmall one; and it should, therefore, be the aim to breed up the\\ncarcass at the same time as the fleece.\\nA breeder should never loose sight of the fact that it may\\nsooner or later become necessary to curtail the production of\\nmohair, and if he has large bodied animals he can realize more\\nfor the meat and pelt than if they were small.\\nIn-breeding is admitted to be a wrong principle except\\nin cases \\\\vhere one is endeavoring to fix a certain type but it\\ndoes not appear to operate very injuriously with goats, and has\\nbeen recommended by some breeders at least to a limited\\nextent. I think all authorities agree it is best to avoid it where\\nit is possible and, particularly, if you are aiming for a large,\\nstrong constitution.\\nStyle of ear is also a matter of taste. Those that hang\\ndown, called lop-ears, or semi-lop-ears, are generally preferred,\\nthough I would not condemn an animal that had the smaller\\nfox-ears, provided he had other good qualities and, his progeny\\nare just as likely to have the lop-ear as not, provided the dam\\nhas such ears.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0271.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "260 A Nczv Industry.\\nThe shearing capacity of the various grades depends\\nentirely upon the character of the sire and the class of does\\nused. Always bear in mind that the glossy, short-haired type\\nof doe with the heaviest shearing sire obtainable, will yield the\\nbest results.\\nThe cost of a buck ought not to influence a breeder when\\nhe finds what he wants. Breeders in South Africa have paid\\nas high as i450, sterling, or $2,250.00 of our money, for a single\\nanimal and, when it is considered that the male is the creator\\nof the flock, it stands to reason that his cost is very soon re-\\nturned, provided he has the proper qualifications to breed up\\nthe flock quickly.\\nIt is a very common error of new beginners to buy cheap\\nbucks, sometimes as low as $10.00, which they think ought to\\nbe enough, but the breeders of fine stock cannot afford to worry\\nwith this class of animal unless they are paid properly for the\\ntrouble involved. Very good bucks ought to be had for $25.00\\neach, shearing say six pounds, yet I consider an animal with\\nextraordinary good points, shearing ten pounds to twelve\\npounds, is cheaper at $100.00 than an ordinary one would be\\nat $25.00.\\nWattles will sometimes appear on graded Angoras, though\\nT have never observed them on a very highly graded one. They\\nare a little sack, like a teat, that hangs under the chin, and may\\nbe removed without any danger or injury to the animal. It is\\nnot uncommon for the shearers to clip them off when shearing\\nthe fleece.\\nBeard is common in both the buck and doe, but is greatest\\nin the former. There are some instances where the goat\\nhas had no beard at all. I have never observed such an ani-\\nmal myself, though I have noticed that the higher grades are\\ninclined to grow a smaller amount of beard in both sexes and I\\nhave no doubt that it could be easily bred off altogether if it\\nwas deemed advisable.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0272.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "o S\\n.3\\nCD Q\\nO", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0273.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0274.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX.\\nPROPER TERMS B^OR ANGORA GOATS.\\nIt was very common at one time, and is, to some extent in\\nthe present day, to apply the term billy, and nanny, to dis-\\ntinguish the male goat from the female, but, in later years,\\nsome writers use the terms ram and ewe; others buck and\\newe, while a few will refer to them as buck and doe. The term kid\\nseems to have been applied to the young from the very earliest\\nperiod of which we have any record.\\nEven in the days of the Patriarchs, Rebekah said unto\\nJacob\\nGo now, to the flock, and fetch me from thence, two good kids,\\nof the goats, and I will make them savory meat for thy father, such as\\nhe lik^s. See Genesis xxvii, 9.\\nThe term Billy, or Nanny, is no where to be found in\\nthe Bible, although frequent reference is made to this class of\\nstock, which appears to have been very highly prized by the\\nancients, and were considered quite the equal of the ox and the\\nsheep, as food. (See Duet, xiv., 4). Indeed, they must have\\nbeen regarded with greater favor for, we find, in Leviticus iii,\\n12, that Moses said unto the children of Israel, and if his\\noffering be a goat then he shall offer it before the Lord.\\nAgain, in Numbers xv, 27, He says\\nAnd if any soul sin through ignorance, then he shall bring\\na she goat, of the first year, for a sin cfifering.\\nIt will be observed that Moses does not refer to the female\\ngoat as a Nanny goat and in another passage of scripture\\nwe find in the book of Ezra vi., 17 verse", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0275.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "26Jf A Nciv Industry.\\nAnd offered at the dedication of this house of God, an\\nhundred bullocks, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and, for a sin\\noffering for all Israel, twelve he goats, according to the number of the\\ntribes of Israel.\\nSolomon refers to the boldness and strength of the goat, in\\nProverbs xxx, 29 to 31, as follows\\nThere be three things which go well, yea, four are comely\\nin going: A lion, which is strongest among beasts, and turneth noc\\naway from any; a grey hound; an he goat, also; and a king, against\\nwhom there is no rising up.\\nThis doubtless gave rise to the opinion that the goat is good\\non the defensive, when attacked by dogs or wild animals.\\nThe prophet, Ezekial, in chapter xxxiv, 17, speaks of\\nrams, and he gcats.\\n..And in chapter xxxix, 18, he says:\\nYe shall eat the flesh of rams, of lambs, of goats,\\nid of bullocks.\\nAnd I might qtiote a number of other references to\\ngoats, in both the Old and New Testament, but I would fail\\nto find any mention of a nanny or billy goat.\\nFrom the quotations I have made it will be seen that the\\nterm ram and lamb, as now applied to sheep, are of very\\nancient origin as are also ox and bullock, which are still\\napplied to cattle. But there seems to have been no other\\ndistinguishing terms for goats tha.n hc-goat, she-goat and kid.\\nThese are quite forcible enough, it is true, and are easily un-\\nderstood but, the more modern languages seem to call for sepa-\\nrate, and distinct, terms in speaking of the sex in our different\\nkinds of live-stock, as for instance Bull, cow and calf for cattle\\nram, ewe and lamb for sheep boar, sow and pig for hogs, etc.\\nand, with all due respect to our ancient brethren I think these are\\nan improvement on the custom they seem to have adopted for\\ngoats, for it would certainly sound very peculiar if we were to\\nspeak of he-cattle, and she-cattle he-sheep, and she-sheep he-\\nhog, and she-hog, which, however, would be quite as proper as\\nhe-goat, and she goat.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0276.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "Proper Terms for Angora Goats. 265\\nDr. Hayes, in his work on the Angora goat, in 1883, con-\\nsidered the term buck and cztr most appropriate.\\nAir. Schreiner, in his more recent work, (1898) does not\\nseem to have made any special reference to this question and in-\\nvariably uses the terms raiii, and cive; and, sometimes, An-\\ngora ram, or Angora czve, as does also Mr. Binns, an eminent\\nTurkish authority, frequently quoted from by Mr. Schriener.\\nThe distinguished French traveler, M. Bonlier, quoted both by\\nDr. Hayes and Mr. Schreiner, speaks of them as bucks and\\nfemale goats. Col. Scott of Kentucky, and Col. Peters of\\nGeorgia, appear to have adopted the terms buck and ewe;\\nand, with the ordinary writer, it is common to use any of the\\nterms I have mentioned. This is certainly confusing, as will be\\nseen by reading over a passage in Mr. Schreiner s work, refer-\\nring to the pIeiu o-pneumonia epidemic in Cape Colony. He re-\\nfers to\\nSeveral of Mr. Evans rams which had so far been healthy, con-\\ntracted the disease and died.\\nIt is left for the reader to decide whether this is intended to\\nmean ram-shcep or ram-goats, as I believe Mr. Evans was a breed-\\ner of both. And it is not unlikely that, the absence of a distinct\\nterm for g oats may sooner or later give rise to much trouble in\\nlaw suits, and it would therefore be well to decide upon a\\nproper term as early as possible.\\nMy personal opinion is that, buck, doe, and kid\\nwould be the most appropriate terms which I think are not ap-\\nplied to any other class of domestic stock, except the rabbit,\\nand deer.\\nI prefer these terms, too, because they are applied to deer.\\nThere is certainlv a greater similarity in the meat of the An-\\ngora goat to venison, than to the common billy and nanny-\\ngoat; which, when generally known by all lovers of good eat-\\ning, Avill have a tendency to remove much of the prejudice that\\nmany people have heretofore entertained for the flesh of this\\nvaluable animal.\\nWether, for the castrated male, will answer every pur-\\npose, to distinguish animals intended for slaughter.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0277.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "266 A Nezv Industry.\\nVenison would seem to be the more proper term to apply\\nto the meat of the Angora, as it approaches the flavor of deer\\nmeat (when naturally fed) more closely than any other and,\\nit would seem, we have Biblical authority for so calling it, as will\\nappear from the following quotation\\nAnd Rebekah spake unto Jacob, her son, saying: Behold, I heard\\nthy father speak unto Esau, thy brother, saying: Bring me venison, and\\nmake me savoury meat, that I may eat and bless thee before the Lord, be-\\nfore my death. Now, therefore, my son, obey my voice, according to that\\nwhich I command. Go now to the tlock and fetch me from thence two good\\nkids of the goats and I will make them savoury meat for thy father, such\\nas he loveth. (Genesis, xxvii; 0-9.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0278.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0279.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0280.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "Incidcnlal, or By-Prodncts of the Angora Goat. ^/p\\nThe quilt I have referred to was made entirely at home, and\\nwas arranged like patch-work, some square, others diamond-\\nshaped, with a few black and yellow skins intermixed with pearly\\nwhite, which gave it a very rich appearance.\\nJ he process for tanning, or dressing, the goat skin is very\\nsimjjlc and when they arc put in this condition, can be kept in-\\ndefinitely. (See Formula for Dressing Angora Skins in ap-\\npendix. j\\nNatural shaped skins are preferred by a great many house-\\nkeepers for rugs, but only the higher grades can be used in this\\nform. The lower, grades often show short, or coarse, hair,\\nalong the line of the back-bone, which presents an uneven ap-\\npearance, when the rug is placed on the floor. The skin should\\nbe covered evenly to make an attractive rug.\\nThe lower grades can be better made into shapes for the\\nhearth, or for buggy robes, which is done by cutting the skins\\ninto uniform pieces, and placing them together, so that the hair\\nwill over-lap, as it does on the animal.\\nSaddle pockets are often covered with a piece of Angora skin\\nto shed the rain, and are very popular with cow-boys. Indeed,\\na cow-boy thinks his saddle is not fully rigged unless it has\\nthis appendage. The hair, in this case, is usually dyed black,\\nor brown, to avoid showing dirt, but many use them in their\\nnatural color.\\nMuffs for children are quickly made, as well as boas for the\\nneck, or a cape for the shoulders.\\nLace trimming I?, another product of the skin which is very\\ncommonly used for trimming children s cloaks. This should be\\nmade from a yearling goat skin, as these are much thinner than\\nthe older ones, and more easy to sew. The trimming is made\\nin narrow strips from one-quarter up to one inch in width, and\\nis sold by the yard.\\nLamp mats, for the table, can be made out of the smaller\\npieces, so that very little of the skin need be wasted.\\nThe fleece can be worked into many useful articles on the\\nfarm or ranche, and, when a flock is being graded up it will pay\\nbest to make use of a small clip in this way rather than ship it to\\nmarket, as there are always more or less kempy hairs scattered", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0281.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "28o A New Industry.\\nthrough low grades, which is objectionable to manufacturers\\nof cloth. I know one industrious lady, in Texas, who works up\\nher entire clip from a flock of about three hundred head of goats\\nin making cinches or saddle girths, which she sells readily for $6.00\\nper dozen. Any child, of ordinary intelligence, can soon learn to\\ntwist the mohair into cords of the proper thickness and weave\\nthem into the large iron buckles at either end (a pattern can be\\nhad from any saddlery or harness maker.) They are quickly and\\neasily made and are considered superior to any other kind for\\nthe reason that they do not get hard and stiff after being used.\\nBesides the saddle girth, a coarse saddle-blanket can be woven and\\nyarn can be made for knitting socks, making blankets, and cloth\\nfor home use. The stufif is very durable, and, although home-\\nmade goods are not always so attractive to the eye as machine-\\nmade, the satisfaction of having them zvear zvcll, compensates\\nlargely for looks, and finish.\\nIn Dr. Davis letter to the U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture\\nin 1853, he makes reference to the fact that, he had worn socks\\nsix years, made from Angora goat hair, and they were still per-\\nfectly sound. There is practically no wearing out mohair goods,\\nand, a pair of pantaloons, or a dress, made from it will last as\\nlong as you care to wear them. The lady referred to above is,\\nof the old school she has her spinning wheel, and makes her\\nown yarn and has a home-made loom for weaving cloth. She\\nand her children make the girths at odd times during the year,\\nand she has often told me that her small flock of Angora goats\\nwere of more practical value to her than any other class of stock\\nshe had, as they cost little or nothing to keep, and furnished meat\\nand clothing for the entire family, besides a considerable sum of\\nmoney from the sale of saddle-girths.\\nPets. I would not recommend making a pet out of a kid.\\nalthough it is very cute, and can be taught nearly everything but\\nto talk. They seem to possess more intelligence than many\\nother animals, but are inclined to become very mischievous in\\nthe house when they get to be a few months old and it is hard to\\ncontrol the little rascals. I would not advise you to take one\\nfrom the flock. They will follow, like a dog, and come at the\\ncall of their name. It is quite common for Mexican herders to", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0282.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "Incidental, or By-Products of the Angora Goat. 281\\niiave one or more of these pets, which they call Sancho and\\nit is quite amusing to see the little fellows run out of a large flock\\nwhen they hear their names called. Their cry is much like that\\nof an infant, and, I have no doubt that this has given rise to the\\nAmericanism Kid, so commonly applied, at the present time,\\nto nearly all American children.\\nThey can be made very useful, however, if well-trained, in\\ndrawing small wagons, and, in many parts of the world, are\\nlargely used for this purpose.\\nIn his paper on The Goat, the Hon. Israel H. Diehl says\\nThey are not infrequently harnessed to \u00c2\u00abmall wagons or carts, for\\nmarketing or pleasure purposes, or made to pack small loads, as beasts\\nof burden. Their use and importance have thus become valuable, and in-\\ndispensable over large portions of Europe and Asia. (See Agtl. Dept.\\nReport, 1863.)\\nIt is quite common to see trained goats at any of our large\\ncity parks, but, as a general thing, they are of the common\\nspecies. I am very sure that a considerable profit can be real-\\nized by the sale of trained Angora wethers, owing to their more\\nattractive appearance.\\nThey are often trained to lead sheep into cars when being\\nloaded for market and, from the stock pens, to the large slaugh-\\ntering houses. A notable animal of this kind, called Judas\\nIscariot, has very recently died, after many years of useful\\nservice, in Chicago.\\nMilking qualities. The milk of the Angora goat is of super-\\nior quality though they do not yield as much as some of the\\ncommon varieties. The Spanish or Mexican goat is, however,\\na very good milker, and many of the Angoras that have been\\ncrossed with this breed make excellent milkers. In the\\nreport of Mr. Diehl, above referred to, he says\\nThe Scinde, the Maltese, the Assyrian, the Syrian, the Swiss,\\nand other varieties, especially in Europe, have become most valuable\\nmilkers; and, for convenience and economy to the poor, or where feed\\nis high and pasturage scarce, it has, in many places and instances, sup-\\nplanted the cow, as it is kept about the house almost anywhere. Espec-\\nially about towns and villages and cities, where there are so many vacant\\nlots and commons, where they can browse on the coarsest of food and\\nherbage, or that which is left, or refused, by the horse, cow or sheep,\\nis this the case.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0283.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "282 A Ne%v Industry.\\nThe goat, in fact, is an indiscriminate feeder, cropping even pois-\\nccnous plants with entire impunity and rehsh, as there are, comparatively\\nlew plants or weeds that are either injurious or poisonous to it, and no\\nherbage, leaves or grasses, seem to affect the quality of its milk, only,\\nrather to give it ffavor; and, in traveling through Asia, Africa and parts\\nof Europe, it is quite common to have the goat brought to the door,\\ntent, or camp, and milked for our use in our presence, whenever milk\\nwas required, giving us the assurance that the milk was. genuine as that\\nof goats. It is much used both by travellers, and families, and especially\\nby the inhabitants of the tropical, low, marshy, bilious and fever\\ncountries, as a preventative and cure for those, and other diseases, inci-\\ndent to such countries. The medicinal qualities of goat s milk has long\\nbeen known and acknowledged, especially in the old world, and in some\\nportions of this country, it being not only very wholesome, but less liable\\nto curdle on the stomach; and, by those who have tested the different\\nkinds of milk, it is much esteemed, and preferred for tea and cofice, and\\nis largely used for children s use, the making of whey, and the various\\nmedicinal drinks for invalids, especially at the various hospitals, watering-\\nplaces, and institutions of Europe, and a few of our own, where it has\\nbeen duly appreciated. It is also said to be highly beneficial to con-\\nsumptives, dyspeptics, and other like invalids.\\nStill, an undue, and unnatural, prejudice has, and .does, exist in the\\nminds of many people of this country against, both the animal and the\\nuse of its milk, but without any good reason.\\nVaulable varieties of the Asiatic goat have been largely introduced\\ninto Europe, where they are quite extensively raised, and used for milk,\\nfrom which butter, cheese and whey are made, to a considerable extent.\\nBut, notwithstanding, varieties of these goats have been imported\\ninto the United States by emigrants, and people of this country for their\\nown use, the animals have been subsequently neglected, mainly on account\\nof the cheapness of cows, and the easy facilities of pasturing them upon\\nthe extensive public domains, theap pasture lands or commons.\\nBut,, as the land has become occupied, and more valuable, the\\nexpense of purchasing, a,nd keeping cows has increased, and the value\\nof butter, milk and cheese is enhanced by the enlarged demand, .the atten-\\ntion of thousands of our people, especially pf the poor, and laboring\\nclasses, has been turned to the breeding, and keeping, of goats;, their\\nmilking qualities have been igreatly improved and their value so increased\\nthat we have recently seen common milking- goats bought and sold at the\\nprice of an ordinary cow, a few years ago, namely, from $10.00 to $25.00,\\nand any ordinary milking goat is valued at $8.00 to $10.00.\\n(I would state that upon one of my trips to the State of Iowa with\\na lot of breeding goats, I met an Italian who was surprised that we did\\nnot make use of goats milk- in Texas. He was then living near Chicago,\\nand told me he had paid $10.00 each for a lot of does from which he\\nmade a good profit in making cheese at 25 cents per pound, and could", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0284.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "IncidcntaU or By-Prodiictsof the Angora Goat. 28^\\nnot supply the demand for it. Cows are. so abundant in- Texas it is not\\nsurprising that goats are not used for milking purposes,, but it is a\\nfact that, in Mexico, the goat s milk is preferred above that of the cow,\\nand the Mexican herders employed on our Texas ranches will go to great\\ntrouble to get milk from a goat if it is to be had at all, rather than use\\ncow s milk.)\\nMo.st of the milkers give from two to three quarts per day, especially\\nif well fed, tethered, and milked tliree times a day.\\nGeneral J. S. Goe, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, ri*ports- an Assyr-\\nian goat in his possession, milking a .gallon per day, after the weaning of\\nits kid. A similar goat, now in possession of the writer, is reported\\nto have yielded twenty dollars worth of milk during the season, after\\nselling two kids at $8.00, each. The milk was mainly sold to physicians\\nfor patients, at ten and twelve cents per quart. A number of the famed\\n^Maltese milkers, which we examined, we were assured, yielded nearly\\nthe same results, and we, have obtained ten cents per quart for some\\nfrom our Maltese. and Cashmere grades, for medicinal purposes. Thus,\\naround the suburbs of our large cities, in many of the smaller towns, in\\nour coal and mineral regions, and along many of our public works, great\\nquantities of the common goat can be seen in use, while their value\\nis being materially enhanced by more attention to good breeding and val-\\nuable crosses. Among the most valuable milkers we have, the Maltese,\\nthe Swiss, the Assyrian, the Syrian, the Scinde, the Spanish, and the\\nWelsh goats.\\nUnder many circumstances, the goat is found more valuable than\\neither sheep or swine, as goats will live and thrive where they would\\nstarve; yielding milk, wool, kids,, mutton and skins. A good goat will\\nyield milk nearly all the year, or within a few weeks of parturition, if\\nfed and cared for. The kids should be allowed to suck two weeks, and\\nthen sold, especially the buck kids. The goat should then yield a quart\\nof milk at each milking, or meal, thred times a day, say at 7 a. m., at noon\\nat 7 or 8 p. m. About three months, oubsequent to parturition the supply\\nof milk falls ofif to about. two quarts daily, and continues so until within\\nabout three pionths of the next kidding, when it falls off to about one\\nquart a day. The goat should be milked three times daily, in consequence\\nof the want of capacity of her udder, for, when the udder becomes\\ncharged vvitli milk, the goat lies down, ceases feeding, and no further\\nsecretion of milk takes place; but, relieve her by milking, and she again\\nproceeds to feeding, and secretes a fresh supply of milk, far more nutri-\\ntious, and nourishing, and easier of digestion than that of the cow. It is\\nnot generally known that a goat tethered: to a certain spot will yield more\\nmilk than when permitted to roam at large, without restraint, but such\\nis, nevertheless, the fact. The tether should be attached to a long pin\\ndriven in the ground, fui-ni shed with a swivel, in order that entanglemfent\\nmay be avoided, a nd shifted where a fresh v supply of herbage may be\\nobtained.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0285.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "2S4 A Nciv Industry.\\nAs goats are often disposed to be mischievous, and trespass upon\\nforbidden property, either by climbing or creeping, a yoke may be made\\nconsisting of three pieces of wood, put over the goat s neck, and fastened\\nthere in a triangular form, which is found useful to prevent their getting\\nthrough hedges or fences, while a side-line, attaching the fore foot to\\nthe hind one, of the same side, prevents them climbing or leaping.\\nWith these two simple contrivances, a goat may be allowed to go\\nanywhere without being able to enter a garden or field. The goat may\\nbe milked fifteen days after parturition, when the milk is sweet, nourish-\\ning and medicinal, having an agreeable, aromatic flavor, no doubt impart-\\ned by the herbs and wild food upon which it feeds and delights to\\npasture; and this quality renders it peculiarly appropriate for the manu-\\nfacture of cheese and butter, delicious specimens of which we ate in Asia\\nand Europe.\\nThere is, perhaps, more difiference among goats than any other class\\nof anima.ls, their milk varying both in quality and quantity, the latter\\nfrom one pint to four quarts daily. See U. S. Agtl. Dept. Rept. 1863,\\np. 217.\\nReferring to the subject of goats, the Encyclopedia Brit-\\ntanica, says\\nThe value of goat s milk, as a source of household economy, is much\\ngreater than is generally supposed. This is so well shown by Cuthbert\\nW. Johnston, Esq.. in an article in the Farmers Magazine. that we shall\\nc:uote from it at some length:\\nThe comfort derived by the inmates of a cottage from a regular\\nsupply of new milk need hardly be dwelt on. Every cottager s wife,\\nover her tea, every poor parent of a family of children, fed ahiiost entirely\\non a vegetable diet, will agree with me that it is, above all things, desir-\\nable to be able to have new milk as a variation to their daily food of\\nbread and garden vegetables. The inhabitant of towns, and of suburban\\ndistricts, we all know, is at the mercy of the milk dealer; the milk he\\nprocures is rarely of the best quality; and, under the most favorable\\ncircumstances, he receives it with suspicion, and his family consumes it\\nwith sundry misgivings as to its wholesomeness.\\nHaving personally experienced these difficulties, and having, about\\nthree years since, commenced the attempt to supply my family with\\ngoat s milk, and, as our experience is cheering, I desire, in this paper,\\nto advocate the claims of the milch goat to the attention of the cottager,\\nand the other dwellers in the suburban, and rural districts.\\nFew persons are, perhaps, aware of the gentleness, and playfulness,\\nof the female goat, how very cleanly are its habits, how readily it accom-\\nmodates itself to any situation in which it is placed. Confined in an\\nouthouse, turned on to a common, or into a yard, tethered on a grass\\nplat, it seems equally content. I have found it readily acommodates", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0286.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "Incidental, or By-Products of the Angora Goat. 2S[,\\nitself to the tethering system, fastened by a leathern collar, rope and iron\\nfwivel, secured by a staple to a heavy log of wood. The log is the best\\nland this with a smooth, even surface at the bottom) because it can be\\nreadily moved about from one part of the grass plat to another. The goat,\\ntoo, uses the log as a resting place in damp weather. The goat should\\nbe furnished with a dry sleeping place, and this, in case of its inhabiting\\nopen yards, can be readily furnished, anything that will serve as a dry dog\\nkennel will be comfortable enough for a goat.\\nThe milk of the goat is only distinguishable from that of the cow\\nby its superior richness, approaching, in fact, the thin cream of cow s milk\\nin quality. The cream of goat s milk, it is true, separates from the milk\\nwith great tardiness, and never so completely as in the case of cow s milk.\\nThis, however, is of little consequence, since the superior richness of\\ngoat s milk renders the use of cream almost needless. The comparative\\nanalysis of milk of the cow, and goat, will show my readers how much\\nricher the latter is than that of the former; 100 parts of each, according\\nto M. Regnault, gave, on an average:\\nWater\\nButter\\nSugar c\\n)f milk\\n(cheese)\\nand\\nalh\\nsoluble\\numen ai\\nsalts\\nCaseine\\nid insoluble\\nsalts\\nCow\\nGoat\\n84.7\\n82.6\\n4.0\\n4.5\\n5.0\\n4.5\\n3.6\\n9.0\\nSo that, while the milk of the cow yields 12.6 per cent, of solid mat-\\nter, that of the goat produces 17 per cent. Goat s milk yielding rather\\nmore butter, rather less sugar of milk, but considerable more caseine\\n(cheese) than that of the cow.\\nIt must not be supposed that the taste of the milk of the goat\\ndiffers in any degree from that of the cow; it is, if anything, sweeter,\\nbut it is quite devoid of any taste which might very reasonably be sup-\\nposed to be derivable from the high-flavored shrubs and herbs upon\\nwhich the animal delights to browse.\\nThe amount of milk yielded by the goat varies from two quarts\\nto one quart per day; it is greatest soon after kidding time, and this\\ngradually decreases to about a pint per day, a quantity which will continue\\nfor twelve months. This is not a large supply, it is true, but still it is\\none which is available for many very useful purposes; and, be it remem-\\nbered, that when mixed with more than its own bulk of luke-warm water,\\nit is then in every respect superior to the milk supplied by the London\\ndairymen.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0287.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "286 A Nczu Industry.\\nIn regard to the best variety of goats to be kept, I would recom-\\nmend the smooth-haired kind, .which are quite devoid of bear s, or long\\nhair. In this opinion I am confirmed by an experienced correspondent,\\n:\\\\Ir. W. H. Place,- of Hound House, near Guildford, who remarked, in\\na recent obliging communication: I found that the short-haired goats,\\nwith very little beards, were the best milkers; but from these I seldom\\nhad more than four pints a day, at the best (I should say three pints\\nwere the average) and this quantity decreases as the time of kidding\\napproaches (the goat carries her young twenty-one or twenty-two weeks).\\nThey should not be fed too well near the kidding time, or you will lose\\nthe kids. In winter I gave them hay, together with mangel-wurzel globe,\\nand Swedish turnips, carrots, and, sometimes, a few oats; and these\\nkept up their milk as well as anything; but, of course, it was most abund-\\nant when they could get fresh grass. The milk I always found excellent,\\nbut I never had enough of it to induce me to attempt making butter,\\nexcept once, as an experiment; my cook then made a little, which was\\neasily done in a little box churn; the butter proved very good. I found\\nthe flesh of the kids very tender and delicate.\\n1 --in aaa Jittle to Mr. Place s information as to their food; mine\\nhave generally fed out of the same rack as a Shetland pony, with whom\\nthey are on excellent terms. The pony, throughout the summer, is soiled\\nwith cut grass, and I notice that the goats pick out the sorrel, sow\\nthistle, and all those weeds wl ich the pony rejects.\\nIn the garden (if they are, by chance, allowed to browse), I notice\\nthat they s lect the rose trees, common laurels, arbutus, laurestinas, and\\n!he laburnum. Of culinary vegetables they prefer cabbages and lettuces;\\nthey also bite pieces out of the tubers of the potato.\\nThey carefully pick up the leaves, whether green, or autumnal, of\\ntimber trees; of these, they prefer those of the oak and elm, and delight\\nin acorns and oak apples. We are accustomed to collect and store the\\nacorns for them against winter, spreading the acorns, thinly, on a dry\\nfloor, to avoid mouldiness, which follows the sweating of acrons laid in a\\nheap.\\nAs I have before remarked, none of these astringent substances\\naffect the taste of their milk, and I may here observe, that, with ordinary\\ngentleness, there is no more difficulty, if so much, in milking a goat,\\nthan a cow.\\nThe manure of a goat is, perhaps, the most powerful of all our\\ndomestic animals.\\nSuch are the chief facts which I have deemed likely to be useful\\nin inducing the extended keeping of the milch goat.\\nIt is an animal, I feel well assured, may be kept with equal advant-\\nage by the cottager, and the dwellers in larger houses. It is useless to\\ncompare it with the cow, or to suppose that the goat can supplant it in\\nsituations where the cow can be readily kept; but, in the absence of pas-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0288.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "IncidcntaL or By-Products of flic Angora Goaf. 28\\nlures, and in places where there is too httle food lor cows, I feel well\\nconvinced that, with ordinary care and attention, and a moderate firm-\\nness in overcoming the prejudices of those unaccustomed to the goat\\n(and unless these are found in the owner, live stock never are profitable),\\nthe value, and the comfort, of a milch goat are much greater than is\\ncommonly known.\\nThe waste produce of a garden is exceedingly useful in the keep\\nof a goat. By them almost every refuse weed, all the cuttings and clear-\\nmgs, which are wheeled into the rubbish yard, are carefully picked over\\nand consumed. To them the trimmings of laurels, and other evergreens,\\npea haulm, and cabbage stocks, etc., are all grateful variat ons of their\\nfood. In winter, a little sainfoin, hay, or a few oats, keeps them in excel-\\nlent condition. In summer, the mowing of a small grass plot, watered\\nwith either common, or sewerage water, will, with the aid of the refuse\\ngarden produce, keep a goat, from the end of April rmtil October.\\n(See Ency. Brit., Vol I, p. 399.)\\nCol. J. Wash. Watts, of South CaroHna, says\\nA cross, made with a pure Angora buck with a Maltese doe goat,\\nproduced a doe that gave me four quarts of as good milk as any cow\\non my plantation. The feed of one of my cows will keep twelve goats.\\nMy cows must have certain food, or they will not thrive. My goats will\\neat anything, almost, and do well, and with this advantage, that their milk\\nand butter are not in any way affected by their diet. The milch produc-\\ning qualities could be developed in the Angora, by careful and continuous\\nbreeding to this end, without crossing, so that excellence of fleece might\\nbe preserved. If this could be effected, the Angora, furnishing a double\\nprofit in fleece and milk, could take the place of the common goats kept\\nin and around the large towns. (See Hayes, p. 69.)\\nSolomon evidently thought highly of goat s milk, for he\\nsays\\nAnd thou shalt have goat s milk enough for thy food,, for the food\\nof thy household, and for the maintenance of thy maidens. (Proverbs,,\\nxxvii: 27.)\\nI have quoted at considerable length from other writers\\nupon the milking qualities of the goat because, I believe, the time\\nhas arrived in the United States when it is almost a necessity\\nfor many of our citizens who live in large towns and cities to\\ndiscontinue the use of cow s milk. The character of milk that\\nis commonly sold by dairymen is poor, but this is nothing com-\\npared with the risk that is taken by consuming milk from cows\\nthat are diseased.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0289.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "28S A New Industry.\\nIt is a well-known fact upon the part of cur well-informed\\nphysicians that much sickness is produced from using milk from\\ncows fed upon swill and impure food and, it stands to reason\\nthat nearly all dairymen who undertake to carry on their business\\nin the crowded vicinity of a large city must necessarily resort to\\nmeans in the feeding and housing of their animals which is\\ninjurious to their constitution.\\nOnly within the past few months a lot of dairy cows were\\ndicovered in the State of Illinois to be diseased, which were\\ncondemned and slaughtered by the legal authorities, and it was\\ndearly pi oven that they contained the germs of tuberculosis.\\nThese animals had been supplying milk for a long time before\\nany action was taken, and it is not unlikely that a number of\\nsufferers from that fatal disease, consumption, are still suffer-\\ning from the consec[uence of using the impure milk sold from\\nthese cows.\\nVigorous efforts arc l)eing made in Great Britian to intro-\\nduce goat s milk in the cities and towns of that country for the\\nsame reason that I have just referred to.\\nThe Baroness Burdette-Coutts is the President of a society\\nknown as The British Goat Society, the purposes of which are\\nstated as follows\\nThis society has been instituted in order to bring more promi-\\nnently forward the utility and adaptability of the goat as a milk supply.\\nIt is a well established fact that in rural districts the families of the\\npoor rarely taste other than skim milk, in consequence of the difficulty\\nof procuring the pure article as it comes from the cow. It is either\\nsent wholesale to London or the nearest town, or utilized at once in\\nthe manufacture of butter and cheese. On the continent and in Ireland\\nthe goat is regarded as the poor man s cow, supplying as it does\\nmany a peasant family with this most miportart article of diet, the defi-\\nciency of which, among our own laborers children, must act detri-\\nmentally in regard to their physical development. The goat is especi-\\nally adapted for such a purpose. It supplies just enough milk for the\\nample requirements of an ordinary household during the greater part\\nof the year, and as it eats with avidity almost every kind of herb and\\nvegetable, and is besides of a hardy nature it is kept with little trouble\\nand at almost nominal expense.\\nThe prevalence of tuberculosis in cows is a cause for alarm, and\\nthe attention of the medical fraternity and the general public is attracted", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0290.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "Incidental, or By-Products of the Angora Goat. 28p\\nto the utility or goat milk. Consumption of the bones or some particular\\norgan of the body frequently results from taking into the system milk\\nirom tuberculous cows.\\nIn a recent address before the Hudersfield Technical College in\\nEngland, Sir William Broadbent said: Cows are very subject to tuber-\\nculosis, and at a certain stage of the disease tubercle bacilli are present in\\nthe milk. It is through milk so contaminated that children come to have\\ntuberculous disease. The disease of bones and joints to which children\\nare subject are probably also traceable to milk; humpback, hip-joint\\ndisease, and the diseases of knees, elbows, etc., which cripple so many\\nchildren; perhaps so is lupus; and no doubt tubercle is often implanted\\nby milk in early life, which developes later into consumption.\\nSir William Broadbent subsecjuently goes on to say: It is interest-\\ning to note that asses and goats do not suffer from tuberculosis, and to\\nbear in mind that the shrewd physicians of past days used to order asses\\nand goats milk for persons threatened with consumption.\\nS. Holmes Pegler, Secretary of the British Goat Society, and\\nauthor of Advantages of Goat Keeping, in speaking of Sir Wm. Broad-\\nbent s address, says: In France this subject has received more attention.\\nProfessor Nocard stated some seven or eight years since that out of\\n130,000 goats and kids brought to Paris for slaughter at the shambles of\\nLa Villette every spring, the meat inspectors of that city failed to discover\\na single case of tuberculosis. He even added that inoculation fails to\\nintroduce the fatal bacillus into the system of the goat, although I believe\\nthe statement has since been questioned; any way, I have been told by\\nveterinary authorities in this country that attempts made in England have\\nfailed. Goats milk as a diet for children has many advantages over\\ncows milk, as I have often demonstrated, but this one great virtue trans-\\ncends all others, and it is inconceivable that parents knowing this, and\\nhaving the opportunities and accommodation for goat-keeping, should\\nnot avail themselves of so simple and economical a means of at once\\nproviding their children with the most easily digestible, and most nour-\\nishing of food, and safeguarding them from one of the greatest evils that\\ncivilization of the present day is subject to.\\nDr. Adolph H. AUshorn, Licentiate of the Royal College of Physic-\\nians, Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons, and Physician to the\\nHomoepathic Hospitals, Manchester and London, says: As a substitute\\nfor the mother s milk to children deprived of that necessary, goats milk\\nhas no equal; and notwithstanding the similarity in composition (as re-\\nvealed by analysis), no one who has seen its effects can doubt its super-\\niority to cows milk. In diseased conditions of infancy, when there is a\\ntendency to deficient assimilation in tubercular disease, Rachitis, Exo-\\nphthalmic Goitre, I have proved its success, and have succeeded in rear-\\nmg a third or fourth child of a family, the previous children of which\\nhave died in infancy from hereditary diease. Children brought up on", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0291.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "2go A Ncz^ Industry.\\ngoats milk for a time after weaning from the mother, will compare more\\nthan favorably with those brought up under like conditions on cows\\nmilk. I believe that goats milk in senil conditions is of the utmost value,\\nand know that it has a retarding effect in cases of Atheroma, whether\\nthis is due to the peculiar acid (Hircie) which it contains I am unable to\\nsay with certainty.\\nDr. R. J. Lee, M.. R. C. P., Physician to the Children s Hospital,\\nGreat Ormand Street, London, in his lecture on Goats Milk as a Food\\nfor Infants and Livalids, read before the members of the British Goat\\nSociety, said: What we desire to prove is, that whilst equal to that of\\nany other milk-yielding animal in its nutritive properties, it is specially\\nvaluable for children. On this point I have not the least doubt whatever,\\nand am quite certain that if a hundred children were fed on goats milk,\\nand compared with an equal number of corresponding ages (all circum-\\nstances being similar) who were fed on an} other milk, except that ot\\ntheir mothers, the goats milk children would, in comparison at least\\nwith those fed on cows milk have an advantage. This opinion has been\\nformed partly from my own observation, for the children that I have seen\\nfed on goats milk haw thriven in the most satisfactory way, even when\\nthey had not thriven on cows millc: partly also from the experience of\\nthose who. have kept goats and brought up large and healthy families\\nupon the milk. I will give one instance among many that have come\\nunder my notice of the alue of goats milk as a food for young children.\\nIt was that of an infant three months old, whose mother was obliged to\\nwean it, with the not infrequent result of serious illness to the child. Af-\\nter trying the usual plans of feeding children under these circumstances,\\nI advised that goats milk should be tried before resorting to a wet nurse.\\nA quart of fresh goats milk was obtained daily from the country, was\\nboiled and at first mixed with a small quantity of water. The child drank\\nbetween three pints and two (juarts daily till he was six months old,\\nwhen his father went to Pan for the winter. There was, however, no oc-\\ncasion to make any change in his diet, for the milk can be obtained very\\neasily indeed in Pau, as goats are driyen in herds through the town every\\nday, and are milked before the houses. Till the age of nine months the\\nchild was fed on nothing but goats milk, and thrived in the most satis-\\nfactory way. He has grown into a fine boy, and if his pa:rents had not\\nbeen leaving town this morning, his mother would ha\\\\ c liked him to have\\ncome here and shown himself for our satisfaction.\\nDr. Charles Edward Shelly, B. A., U. B., Medical Officer to Hailey-\\nbury College, says: For infants, I believe goats milk to be the best\\nsubstitute for their natural ailment, when that is for any cause nut obtain-\\nable. Not the least of its advantages is due to the fact that, owing to its\\nsuperior digestibility, it requires less dilution than does cows milk; and\\nhence the child takes the requisite amount of nourishment in a smaller\\nbulk, and thereby escapes much of the sickness and irritation which are", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0292.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "Incidental, or By-Prodiicts of the Angora Goat. 2pi\\napt to result from too frequent feeding and over-distension of the stom-\\nach and bowels. As in the case of cows or asses milk, it is usually better\\n.to sweeten it with a little glycerine rather than with cane sugar, which is\\nprone to favor fermentation in warm weather. For invalids, for conva-\\nlescents, and in many of the diseases of the old age, it is most valuable;\\nand a liking for it is usually soon acquired. In cases of impaired general\\nnutrition, where there was nothing which could be definitely termed\\ndisease, it has proved a most useful addition to the dietary. If its use\\ncan be extended amongst the poorer classes of the community, I believe\\nthat it will not only prove a distinct boon financially, especially in coun-\\ntry districts, but that it will be a powerful agent in tending to lessen the\\npresent lamentably high rate of infant mortality; and that it will help to\\nlay the foundations of a sronger and more vigorous manhood and wom-\\nanhood than can be expected to result from the kind of dietary which is\\nnow almost universal amongst the children of the poor.\\nThere is very little doubt but that there would be quite a\\ndemand for milch g oats if farmers in the neighborhood of\\nour larg e cities and towns were -prepared to furnish them. It\\noften occurs that an infant is left without a m.other to nourish it,\\nand, in such cases, almost any sum would be paid for a goat\\nrather than resort to the risk attending the use of the dairyman s\\nstufi.\\nI teel sure that this branch of the industry is susceptible of\\nvery profitable returns, and, in grading up a lot of common\\n(Mexican or Spanish) goats, a very good market can be found\\nfor the old does, after they have been used to propagate the\\nAngora.\\nLeather from the Angora goat is not considered as good as\\nthat produced by the common kind, owing to the more delicate\\nnature of the skin. A reduction of 25 per cent, is usually made\\nin the price.\\nThe Horns of the Angora are also made use of for handles\\nto knives, and for ornamentation. I have seen a pair of horns,\\nfrom a full-grown male that were very handsome when pol-\\nished, and set on a panel for wall decoration. As a source of\\nrevenue, however, this amounts to little or nothing.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0293.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "2^2 A Nczv Industry.\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nWHERE TO RAISE THE ANGORA GOAT TO GREATEST\\nADVANTAGE.\\nAs far as climate is concerned, the Angora will do well in\\nany of oiu States or Territories where the soil is not marshy\\nor swampy. A dry, rocky, mountainous country is the best\\nbut one can hardly make much of a mistake in selecting a\\nlocation that is free from the objection just mentioned, as it will\\ngenerally possess more or less of the rolling, hilly land, which the\\ngoat naturally delights in.\\nThe first question to be considered is What number of goats\\nare intended to be handled? If only a small flock, of fifty to\\none hundred and fifty, is contemplated, these can be more profit-\\nably cared for on any farm ranging say from two hundred acres\\nup to six hundred. They will not only thrive well on the weeds\\nin the pastures and old fields, but will grow fat, and be of great\\nadvantage to the owner in keeping down briars, and brush that\\nso constantly make their appearance along the fences and cros^-\\nfences of farms. The labor of removing these eyesores is a\\ncontinual source of expense, and a small flock of Angora goats\\nwill make the fence lines look as clean as a lawn, and return a\\nlarge dividend on the investment in the animal. If there should\\nbe any brush land on the farm, the goats will much more than\\npay for their cost in the improved character of the land, but I\\nshall refer to this more particularly under a separate chapter.\\nMy present purpose is to discuss the matter of ranching\\ngoats as a separate and distinct branch of live stock, as is now\\ncommonly carried on with cattle, sheep and horses.\\nA suitable range at a low cost or rental is the first great\\nessential.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0294.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "Where to Raise the Angora Goat to Greatest Advantage. i pj\\nThe Southern States, perhaps, offer the greatest advantage\\nin point of economy in handUng the animal, owing to the mild\\nclimate but, against this, the Northern States have a tendency\\nto increase the product of mohair, hence, what is gained in one\\nsection is offset by an equal gain in the other, and it may be said\\nthere is no advantage to be had, in a pecuniary sense, by locating\\nin the milder climate, provided you can afford to build shelter\\nfor your stock in the colder States.\\nWith a limited amount of capital, the West, and Southwest-\\nern part, of Texas, offers more advantages for breeding than\\nany other portion of the United States. The section lying west\\nof the Colorado River, and south of the thirty-third degree of\\nnorth latitude, is, perhaps, as close a duplicate of Asia Minor\\nas there is in the world, possessing all the characteristics of that\\ncountry respecting a dry, arid climate, and high altitude; besides,\\na large amount of evergreen foliage, and nutritious weeds, which\\nafford an abundance of green feed the year round, together with\\ncanons, bluffs, and thickets of brush, to shield the animals from\\nthe cold winds of winter.\\nUp to a few years ago, this vast area of Texas, equal in\\nsize to the State of New York, was considered to be valueless,\\nowing to the absence of water but, this has been overcome by\\nthe digging, or boring, of wells, which range from one hundred\\nto four hundred feet in depth, and pumping the water thus ob-\\ntained by the aid of windmills. The land is owned partly by the\\nState, and partly by individuals, chiefly railroad corporations,\\nwho received it from the State years ago in the way of subsidies\\nfor building railroads. Much of it is very rough, rocky and\\nmountainous so rough, indeed, that a cattleman cannot well\\nhandle cattle on it, and it is therefore largely vacant and unoccu-\\npied. The uniform rental for State lands is three cents per\\nacre, but individual owners are often willing to take less, and will\\naccept an off er of two cents rather than have their lands idle\\nand unproductive of some revenue.\\nThe Legislature has recently placed a large portion of the\\nState lands upon the market, for actual settlers, at $1.00 per\\nacre, upon the payment of one-fortieth, or, two and one-half\\ncents per acre cash, and the remainder, in payments of one-for-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0295.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "2^4 Nezv Industry.\\ntieth annually, with three per cent, interest. Any one who\\nintends to be an actual settler, on the land, can secure four sec-\\ntions, of six hundred and forty acres each. The payment of two\\nand one-half cents per acre, and three per cent, interest, is such a\\nvery small sum to pay out annuall} that it practically amounts\\nto a gift. Information can be had as to where these lands are\\nlocated by inquiring from any land agent at Austin, Texas. Mr.\\nE. Cartlidge, who was formerly connected with the State Land\\nOffice, and is now engaged in the real estate business at Austin,\\nwni be glad to answer any questions concerning this matter.\\nIn many other parts of Texas now occupied by cattle raisers,\\nthere is a large amount of brushy and hilly land, suitable only\\nfor goat raising and, if the owners do not handle goats them-\\nselves, an arrangement can, usually, be made to rent the privilege\\nof range and water at from one cent to two cents per goat per\\nmonth. This is a very good way for a stranger to begin with,\\nas it will afford him an opportunity to investigate more closely\\ninto the various parts of the State, where he can secure a perma-\\nnent location.\\nThe section I have referred to is capable, in itself, of sup-\\nporting several million head of goats but, it is as nothing, com-\\npared with the great undeveloped area of the United States,\\nin New Mexico, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado and\\nOregon, through which passes the great range of Rocky\\nMountains, the natural home of the Wild Mountain goat,\\nand an ideal spot to develop one of the greatest and\\ngrandest industries for producing- mohair that exists on the\\nglobe. The larger portion of these lands are fit for nothing\\nbut mining and goat raising, and the latter would be a great\\nadvantage to the former in supplying fresh meat to the miners.\\nThey are subject to entry and pre-emption, under the United\\nStates land law^s, and it is safe to say no other industry wall ever\\nencroach upon them, which has so often been the difficulty with\\nour sheep raisers. Many goat ranches are now established in\\nthis belt of territory and are doing well. By writing to any of\\nthe breeders whose names and addresses can be found under the\\nchapter on Notes From Practical Breeders, any needed in-\\nformation can be secured.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0296.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "Where to Raise the Angora Goat to Greatest Advantage. 2p^\\nIn addition to the almost unlimited available space already\\nreferred to, we have, in nearly every one of our Eastern and\\nSouthern States, a large amount of mountainous land, as w^ell\\nas many millions of acres in abandoned farms made vacant by the\\nvigorous competion of the more fertile west.\\nThese farms have been long idle and are overgrown with\\nbriars and brush to such an extent as to render them utterly\\nvalueless for either cultivating or stock raising, and are a source\\nof expense to their owners.\\nThe following letters that I have leceived from the Secre-\\ntaries of the Agricultural Department of some of these States,\\nwill convey a fair idea of the advantages offered for Angora goat\\nculture in the same\\nMAINE. Hon. B. Walker McKeen, Secretary of the Agri-\\ncultural Department, writes me as follows\\nAugusta, Me., April 13, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: Replying to your esteemed favor of recent date, in rela-\\ntion to land in Maine suitable for raising Angora goats, I beg to say that\\nthere are sections in the State that are somewhat overgrown with briars\\nand low shrubs, but not in locations so that large areas could be pur-\\nchased in any one place. I know of no stump land that can be purchased\\ncheaply, as most of it is new land, and is, without doubt, being held for\\ncultivation and the raising of those farm animals that are usually kept in\\nthe State.\\nYours very truly,\\nB. WALKER McKEEN.\\nExtract taken from The Oregon Agriculturist and Rural\\nNorthwest, of Portland, Oregon\\nJ. W. Bailey, Dairy and Food Commissioner for Oregon, recently\\nvisited his old home in Maine, after an absence of twenty-five years.\\nHe found there in the logged-off sections, thousands of acres of land\\nwhich had grown up with brush, and suggested that it could profitably\\nbe used as a pasture ground for .Angora goats. An interview with him\\nwas published in a Bangor paper, in which he talked about goats in such\\nan interesting way, that since his return he has been deluged with letters\\nfrom Maine enquiring about Angora goats, what they will cost, etc.\\nHe is satisfied that a number of carloads could be sold there if they could\\nonly be had at a reasonable price.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0297.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "2g6 A Nczv Indiistrj.\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE. Hon. N. J. Bachelder, Secretary of\\nthe Board of Agriculture, very kindly sent me a catalogue of\\nNew Hampshire farms that are offered for sale at prices rang-\\ning from $i.00 per acre, up, with very good improvements, from\\nwhich I extract the following:\\nState of New Hampshire. Board of Agriculture.\\nImmigration Department.\\nConcord, N. H., Jpnuary 1, 1899.\\nThe numerous inquiries received at this office in regard to ibe\\ntages of New Hampshire and the opportunities for purchasing farms for\\nagricuhural purposes, or for summer homes, have led to the publication\\nof this pamphlet. During the past ten years much discussion has occur-\\nred in regard to the abandoned farms of New England, and so numerous\\nhave these inquiries been that no less than five of the six New England\\nStates have found it advisable to issue publications upon the subject, for\\nthe information of inquirers and possible purchasers of such properties,\\nand a large number of farms have been sold and become occupied\\nthrough these agencies.\\nMany persons who have become interested in these farms, and in some\\ninstances have become purchasers, have been attracted by the advantages\\nsurrounding them, rather than by the remarkable fertility of the soil itself,\\nand the greater the advantages in the matter of roads, schools, and gen-\\neral transportation facilities, the larger the number that will become re-\\npopulated and thereb}^ aid in the further extension of public facilities.\\nThe farms to which we have called attention, and which are brought\\nto notice in this pamphlet, are those upon which are fairly tenantable\\nbuildings without occupants, farms which have become abandoned from\\nvarious causes, none of which militate against the farm itself, for these\\nfarms generally compare favorably in fertility and natural productions\\nwith the occupied farms of the same localities. They are abandoned only\\nin the sense that the buildings are without occupants. The title to the\\nland is still held by some one who pays the taxes, gathers the fruit, and\\ncuts such portions of the grass for hay as circumstances warrant. The\\nbuildings, still in fairly good condition, will shelter a good-sized family\\nfrom winter s snows or summer s sun, and afford the foundation for\\nestablishing a home in one of the most favored spots on the globe.\\nN J. BATCHELDER,\\nSecretary.\\nVERMONT. Hon. C. J. Bell, Secretary Board of Agricul-\\nture and Cattle Commissioner, writes me as follows", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0298.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "Where to Raise the Angora Goat to Greatest Advantage. x?p7\\nEast Hardwick, Vt., April 14, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nMy Dear Sir: Answering yours of the 3rd irst., there are many\\nacres of pasture land grown up more to bushes, not briars, and also\\nmany acres of pastures in many towns back upon the hills that can be\\nbought from $2.00 to $4.00 per acre.\\nI should presume in many instances where lumber has been cut off\\nclean, and covered with brush, land could be bought for one dollar per\\nacre.\\nYours truly,\\nC. J. BELL.\\nMASSACHUSETTS. Hon. J. W. Stockwell, Secretary\\nState Board of Agriculture, writes\\nBoston, Mass., April 12, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: Replying to your inquiry would say that we have issued\\nno farm catalogue since December, 1897, and the supply of that issue is\\nexhausted. We are now making plans to issue an entirely new edition\\nand hope to have copies for distribution this coming summer or early\\nfall. Will file your request for a copy.\\nThere is no uestion but that we have areas adapted to the raising\\nof Angora goats; land which can be purchased at from $5 to $10 per acre;\\nand presumably our climate would be reasonably favorable.\\nRespectfully,\\nJ. W. STOCKWELL, Sec.\\nCONNECTICUT. Hon. T. S- Gohl, Secretary Board of\\nAgriculture, State of Connecticut\\nWest Cornwall, Conn., April 13, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black.\\nMy Dear Sir: There is plenty of land in Connecticut that is well\\nadapted to both sheep and goats, but the dogs, and poor fences at present\\nrule.*\\nYours respectfully,\\nT. S. GOHL, Secty.\\nPENNSYLVANIA. Hon. John Hamilton, Secretary of\\nAgriculture, writes\\n*The difficulty mentioned by Mr. Gohl can be overcome very easily,\\nby putting up a woven wire fence.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0299.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "2q8 a Nczv Industry.\\nCommonwealth of Pennsylvania,\\nHarrisburg, Pa., April 12, 1990.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texcis.\\nDear Sir: Yours of the 3rd instant is just at hand. We have\\nplenty of land that is grown up with brush, and that could be had at very\\nlow rates. It is scattered in many districts throughout the State, at\\nprices ranging from $4.00 up.\\nVery respectfully,\\nJOHN HAMILTON,\\nSecretary of Agriculture.\\nNEW JERSEY Hon. Franklin Dye, Secretary State\\nBoard of Agriculture, writes\\nTrenton, N. J., April 16, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: I have yours of April 9th making inquiries concerning\\nthe Angora goat and mohair industry so far as it applies to New Jersey.\\nIn answer I must say that for myself I know absolutely nothing about\\nthe industry in this State nor whether it prevails to even a limited extent;\\nno doubt there are Angoras goats kept ir- some localities but, evidently,\\nnot to such an extent as to be considered by reporters worthy of sending\\nto this office, for no such items have been furnished me in any of the an-\\nnual reports from the counties.\\nIt is an industry, however, which I think could be very successfully\\ncarried on in various sections in this State. We have much scrub and\\nbrush lands in the southern sections which are, to some extent, sandy;\\nand quite extended areas of similar lands in the hilly and mountainous\\nregions of the northern part of the State. Furthermore, these lands are\\nheld at a very low price and could be utilized, as I have no doubt they\\nwill be in the very near future, for this industry, the poultry industry\\nand small fruits to a larger extent than at present prevails. Sorry I\\nhave not the information at my command to answer your questions in\\ndetail.\\nVery respectfully yours,\\nFRANKLIN DYE,\\nSecretary.\\nNEW YORK. Hon. Charles A. Weiting-, Commissioner\\nDepartment of Agriculture, writes\\nAlbany, N. Y., April 19, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: In reply to your communication of the 3rd inst. I have\\nto say, there is considerable land in the State of New York that can be", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0300.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "Where to Raise the Ajigora Goat to Greatest Advantage. 2^q\\nbought for prices ranging from three to six dollars per acre on which\\ngoats would probably thrive. This is back country land on hills, some\\nrocks, but has good productive soil.\\nVery respectfully yours,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2C. S. WEITING.\\nMARYLAND. The President of Maryland Agricultural\\nCollege, writes as follows\\nCollege Park P. O., Maryland, April 13, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: Your communication received. There is the greatest\\namount of land in Southern Maryland of the character to which you re-\\nfer, and it can be bought from four to ten dollars an acre. If you would\\ncorrespond with R. B. Chew, No. 512 F St., N. W., Washington, D.\\nC. or, with the Bureau of Immigration, Baltimore, Md., I think yon\\nmight learn something to your benefit.\\nVery truly yours,\\nR. W. SENERLEY.\\nPresident.\\nVIRGINIA. Hon. G. W. Koiner, Commissioner Depart-\\nment of Agriculture\\nRichmond, Va., April 13, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: In reply to your inquiry of the 3rd inst., I beg to say\\nthat there is a good deal of cheap land in this State that could be used\\nin raising goats.\\nYours truly,\\nG. W. KOINER,\\nCommissioner.\\nWEST VIRGINIA. Hon. J. B. Garvin Secretary Depart-\\nment of Agriculture\\nCharleston, W. Va., April 26, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: I have been getting all the information available on\\nthe Angora goat, and would be glad to see it introduced into this State.\\nThe Apalachain mountain ranges running northeast southwest through\\nthe Eastern portion of the State afifords a wonderful range of brush\\nlands, admirably adapted, as I understand, for the Angora to feed upon.\\nIn addition, our numerous hill lands are covered with the growth of\\nbushes and. briars and alders, which can only be eradicated by some such", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0301.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "30D A Nnv I lid list.- y.\\nprocess. Mr. O. D. Hill, of Kendalia, Kanawha, County, W. Va., has\\nthe only herd of Angora goats in the State, and it is a small one.\\nI send you by this mail, our fourth biennial report, which may\\nbe of some interest to you.\\nYours truly,\\nJ. B. GARVIN.\\nTENNESSEE. Hon. Thos. H. Paine, Commissioner\\nDepartment of Agriculture\\nNashville, Tenn., April 10, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: Yours to hand in regard to goats. As to area of land\\nfor raising goats you can purchase lands at three to ten dollars per acre,\\nwell watered. We have very few wild animals to molest goats, and\\nwhat we have are in the Eastern part of the State. To be near the market\\nI do not think a more suitable place can be found than some of the coun-\\nties of the middle section of the State. Now as to gentlemen who have\\nraised goats the following live in the middle section, viz: Messrs. Jos.\\nPhillips, care Berry DeMoville Co., Overton Lea and John A. De-\\nMoville, all of Nashville, Davidson County, Tenn.\\nYours respectfully,\\nTHOMAS H. PAINE.\\nThe following- letter from Mr. W. E. Hughes, a very sue-\\ncessful Angora goat breeder in Texas, is taken from Claridge s\\nStock Farmer, of San Antonio\\nNot long ago I went up through the Eastern end of Tennessee\\nin the Cumberland mountains and was much impressed by the adapta-\\nbility of the whole of that section to the raising of goats. Hitherto it\\nhas been regarded as being of but little worth except for its coal mines\\nand timber; besides those who are engaged in these industries there are\\nscattered here and there through the hills a few small farmers, for the\\nmost part what are known as natives or old settlers, who, in addition to\\na small farm, often have a small flock of sheep which is allowed to run at\\nlarge, and also raise, perhaps, three or four calves and a colt or two and\\nenough hogs to keep them in meat.\\nIt seems strange that in a country which is hilly and practically\\ncovered with underbrush that goats have scarcely ever been thought of\\nas a feature of farming. The fields are mostly on a hill-side, so steep\\nthat they say you have to use stilts on the down-hill side of a horse in\\nploughing. This may be romance but, joking aside, it comes as near\\nbeing a goat s paradise as any country I was ever in. While the hills\\nare very steep they produce a very luxuriant herbage among other bushes,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0302.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "Where to Raise the Angora Goat to Greatest Advantage. ^oi\\nof which goats are fond; there is sumac in large quantities scattered\\nthroughout, and the tops of the hills seem to be just as rich as the bot-\\ntoms generally speaking a soit of sandy loam with sufficient clay in\\nits composition to keep it from washing, and here and there a reddish\\nshade, indicating the presence of iron in the soil.\\nAnother feature which is valuable is the presence of small springs\\nwhich are to be found in large numbers, and also very pretty and clear\\nstreams. I believe that it would be impossible to take an hour s walk\\nin any direction without coming across one or the other of these water\\nsupplies. The winters are not severe, and the broken character of the\\ncountry furnishes ample shelter for stock. One peculiar condition that\\nalso adds to its attractiveness as a goat country is the absence of wolves.\\nThe scattered sheep which the settlers allow to run out and mix with one\\nanother are only rounded up for marking and shearing or for some such\\nspecial purpose, and for the rest of the time are running out like so many\\ncattle.\\nLOUISIANA. Hon. Leon Jastremski, Commissioner\\nBoard of Agriculture and Immigration\\nBaton Rouge, La., April 24, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Fort McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir: Your letter on the subject of the raising of Angora goats\\nhas been received. I am not aware that any one in Louisiana is now en-\\ngaged in this industry but believe that it could be successfully carried on\\nin the greater portions of the State. I mail you to-day a descriptive\\npamphlet* of our State from which you may gather all requisite infor-\\nmation.\\nVery truly yours,\\nLEON JASTREMKSI,\\nCommissioner.\\nWASHINGTON. Mr. E. J. Hermans, Glencoe, Wash-\\nington, writes\\nWe have a heavy growth of timber and brush, so dense that the\\nbrush of other countries in comparison is mere nothing. To clear this\\nland for farming costs from $50.00 to $200.00 per acre. We also have\\na large amount of land that is not good for farming but that raises two\\nNote The pamphlet referred to by Mr. Jastremski, is beautifully\\nillustrated, and contains very full information respecting every parish in\\nthe State. There appears to be considerable quantity of U. S. land\\nthat is subject to preemption in many of the Counties; and a great deal\\nbelonging to private individuals that can be purchased as low as $1.00\\nper acre.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0303.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "^02 A A Vti Industry.\\nvarieties of brush known here as salal, and huckleberry, both evergreen\\nand peculiar to this country, which cannot be made to produce anything\\nwithout great expense, can be made to yield a fine revenue with goats. I\\nwould not stock such land to kill the brush, but just enough to keep the\\nrange permanent. I am enthusiastic on the subject. The only trouble\\nI have heard of with goats here is foot-rot, and that only occurs in the\\nbottom lands. The class of lands I have mentioned is never muddy,\\nand would therefore be free from this trouble.\\nMr. Jno. S. Harris, Oakley, Idaho, says\\nThere are a great many difficulties to contend with in this section:\\nyet, in a measure, it is the climate, in mj^ opinion, that is likely to\\nmake the mohair goat hold out the longest in producing a fleece similar\\nto that of its native land.\\nI think Texas climate will cause a deterioration in the fleece.\\nI am confident we can compete with South Africa or Turkey in\\nraising mohair.\\nI think perhaps Colorado is the best all-round State to raise the\\nAngora goat in. Oregon is going to raise a great deal of mohair, and\\nit is of a very fine character; very similar to that of Angora.\\nA very complete write-up on Colorado, Oregon, Dakota,,\\nMontana, Idaho, Washington, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona\\nappears in the report of the U. S. Depaitment of Agriculture,\\nfor 1869, pages 602 to 633.\\nAnd, Mr. Ahiiont Barnes, of the Division of Statistics,\\nmakes the following interesting statement concerning Avail-\\nable pasturage for goats, in the year-book for 1898, of that\\nDepartment, on pages 425 and 426\\nAVAILABLE PASTURAGE.\\nRelative to areas suitable for goat keeping upon any scale, from a\\nfew for milk or cheese to large flocks for their fleeces or skins, it may\\nbe confidently asserted that wherever there is a suitable climate there\\nare also suitable uncultivated lands. Over 42 per cent, of the land in\\nfarms in the United States is unimproved; how much of it is unculti-\\nvatable, is unknown. The total unimproved land amounts to 265,600,000\\nacres, against more than 375,600,000 improved. This presents a vast\\nfield for selection of favored localities in every part of the country;\\nand much of the field invites the primitive occupation of herding, which\\npreceded and prepared the way for agriculture in many countries, with in-\\nestimable benefit to the soil.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0304.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "Where to Raise the Angora Goat to Greatest Advantage. joj\\nIt is true that, considerable portions of the unimproved farm land is\\nin valuable forests, which invite preservation as such for various eco-\\nnomic reasons; btit it is equally true that a large proportion is usless\\nas a present or prospective timber reserve, and can be utilized only in\\nsome way as is herein suggested. In the aggregate, millions of acres\\nof poor, rough, rocky, or bushy land, distributed through all the States,\\ncall for subjugation and enrichment through animal occupation, prefer-\\nably of the goat, which would not only destroy the growth that invites\\nrecurrent conflagrations, but would result ultimately in the introduction\\nof nutritious grasses.\\nIn order to present the areas of unimproved land in farms in true\\nrelation with the improved and to show the farms of which they are a\\npart, and at the same time the wide basis upon which the interest herein\\nconsidered may be established, reference may be made to the report on\\nagriculture of the Eleventh Census.\\nThe State of Maine, for instance, has 6,000,000 acres in farms, of\\nwhich 3,000,(i00, or 50 per cent., are imprt/ved and an equal number un-\\ncultivated; there are 62,000 farms therein, averaging 100 acres each.\\nA logal deduction is that, there are about 6 2,000 farmers in Maine who\\nhave, on an average, 50 acres each of unimproved land. Observation\\nshows that portions of such land are useless for farming purposes, and\\noften are in extended areas defined by natural limits. They are, how-\\never, Vi^ell adapted to goat herding even when good for nothing else,\\nand would almost invariably be made better thereby.\\nRelative to Georgia, it may be said that there is an acreage in\\nfarms of over 25,000,000, of which 9,500,000 are improved, and over 15,-\\n500,000, or nearly. 62 per cent., unimproved, with 171,000 farms, and an\\naverage of 147 acres to the farm. The evidence of the former commis-\\nsioner of agriculture of that Sta-te as to the fitness of its mountain lands\\nfor goats of the Angora breed has been cited, and the same -holds good\\nover most of the other lands in the State for the common goat, including\\nthe average of l^Vs. acres per farm of unimproved land. Similarly, the\\nlesson may be applied to each State, according to fitness, without material\\nchange.\\nThere is, however, in the United States a large, continuous area,\\nembracing over one-third of the States and Territories, which invites\\nparticular attention in connection with this subject. It includes the\\nSouth Atlantic and South Central divisions and a part of the Western\\ndivision of the Census groupings, or twenty States and Territories,\\n*South Atlantic division, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia,\\nVirginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Flor-\\nida; South Central division, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi,\\nLouisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas; Western division, Montana.\\nWyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho,\\nWashington, Oregon, California.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0305.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "S04 A NcTv Industry.\\nwhich, together, contain, nearly 285,000,000 acres in farms, of which\\nover 122,000,000 are improved and over 162,000,000, or 57 per cent., unim-\\nproved. Tlie average size of farrns and the average amounts of unim-\\nproved land are greater in this area than elsewhere, and the climatic con-\\nditions are more uniform.\\nThis area includes nearly all the central, and a part of the western\\nmountain regions, and lies principally within the belt of at least little or no\\nsnow. It is in general the most temperate region of a temperate zone,\\nand peculiarly suitable for wintering all kinds of farm and range stock,\\nnot only as to climate, but as to subsistence. It furnishes an abundance of\\nsuch forage as is suitable, and preferable for goats, available to them, in\\nmost parts during the entire year. Under such circumstances and con-\\nditions whatever profit can be derived from herding them comes nearest\\nto a net profit. There is the additional incidental benefit that whatever\\nfoul land is regularly pastured by these animals for a few years becomes\\nclean, weedless, and brushless, and usually, being evenly fertilized by\\nthem also, runs into natritious native grasses.\\nThe following article, taken from the Montana Stockman\\nand Farmer. of Tannar_y 1st, 1899, will be interesting:\\nANGORA GOATS IN MONTANA\\nLittle attention has been paid to raising Angora goats in Montana.\\nSome years ago a small band was brought into Beaver County and\\nturned loose near Dillon. No attention was paid to them. They were\\nsold a few at a time to a butcher, some of them died and others were\\nlost, and finally the band disappeared. Another small band at a later\\ndate was taken to the vicinity of White Sulphur Springs and turned\\nloose, being finally sold to the butcher because they liked to stay in\\ntown too well and would not keep out on the range. Another small\\nband was turned out in Madison County. They kept in the mountains,\\nbecame wild, and were supposed to have been killed by hunters.\\nThe only person, as far as we can learn, who has made a business\\nof running goats in Montana is Mr. H. A. Brannin, of Marysville. He\\nkeeps the goats in the mountains about a mile below Empire. Last\\nwinter he had about 450 and he brought them through without feed-\\ning hay. He says, however, that it would have been better if they had\\nhad a little hay, but he would not have required to exceed four tons.\\nWith that amount they would have come through the winter in excellent\\nshape. As it was, they were a little thin, but none died. During the\\nheavy snows of March they waded through snow up to their backs to\\nreach the brush and fir trees that were cut down for them to feed upon.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0306.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "Where to Raise the Angora Goat to Greatest Advantage. J03\\nUnder this treatment none of them died. According to Mr. Brannin s\\nexperience the goats are much hardier than sheep, and will stand a\\nhard winter with less care. They will also live on much coarser food.\\nMr. Brannin was in the goat business in New Mexico, and is\\nenthusiastic on the possibilities of the goat industry m Montana. He\\nbelieves it to be much more profitable than sheep raising. He says\\nthe goats shear heavier here than they do in New Mexico and Texas,\\nand also that they attain greater size. It will also be remembered that\\nthis is also true of sheep, and that cattle also attain a greater size here.\\nHe also claims that goats are more prolific than sheep, and that the\\nkids are easier to raise than lambs. Goats are certainly much easier\\nto handle than sheep. The kids can be kept in the corral in the morn-\\ning and the old ones turned out and let go by themselves, and the\\nlatter will come home in the evening like cows. The life of a goat is\\ntwo or three times that of a sheep a consideration in estimating\\nprofit.\\nCoyotes may occasionly get a goat if it strays from a liock, but in\\na band they are well able to take care of themselves, so far as the\\ncoyotes are concerned. Mr. Brannin has not lost half a dozen in two\\nyears, and they have run alone in the mountains where coyotes are\\nplentiful.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0307.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIV.\\nWHERE THE ANGORA GOAT CAN BE PURCHxVSED, WITH STATE-\\nMENTS FROM BREEDERS ABOUT THE SHEARING\\nCAPACITY OF THEIR GOATS.\\nRealizing that very few people, not engaged in breeding\\nI he Angora goat, have any knowledge as to where such stock\\ncan be purchased, I decided to send out the following list of\\nCjuestions to a number of breeders in the different States\\n1. What is the average shearing capacity of your goats?\\n2. What is the length of the staple of your mohair?\\n3. What will your wethers and does weigh?\\nThe following is a tabulated list of the replies received\\nand, following this, will be found c:. more particular reference\\nto the character of the animals by the breeders themselves.\\nIt must not be supposed that these represent the average\\nshearing of the Angoras in the United States, as there are. many\\nbreeders who have only commenced grading up the common\\ngoat within the past few years, and have not reached .a very\\nhigh grade. Others have been using very ordinary bucks, and\\ncannot possibly increase their shearing capacity very rapidly.\\nThe breeders I have selected, have been engaged in the bus-\\niness for a number of years, or have purchased flocks from\\nothers who have, and they will serve as a fair index to the\\nAngora in this country, wliere reasonable care and attention has\\nbeen used for a period of years; and, judging from:ithe exper-\\nience of the past, I do not hesitate to say that a sheading capacity\\nof twelve pounds for wethers, and eight pounds -for does, is\\nlikely to be a very common yield within the next twenty-five\\nvears. ,y", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0308.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "in\\ns\\nT\\ns\\n1-\\nJ3\\nU\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a g\\nC^\\nz.\\nLU\\n2^\\nUJ\\nCT\\n^IS\\n^S-\\no\\nX\\nU)\\nS:S^^\\nm\\ns.g\\n3 o_23 _^.\\nX\\nIII\\n1-\\nz\\no\\no\\nc ra g^^\\nQ\\nrr^ -p\\n1^-1 s-^^;\\n1- S 0; S\\nZ S 5i O p\\nO ^HS g\\nO S ao5C\\n-1- j ?i\\n-gl^l\\no ss\\na: .:i\\no", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0309.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "308\\nNo\\n1\\nNo\\nNo. 3\\ning\\nMohair\\nLive\\nWeight\\nDressed\\nWeight\\nState\\nCfl\\nj3\\nV\\nsi\\nop 01\\nsi\\nII\\nBkebdeb s Address\\n5\\n6\\n4\\n6/2\\n4\\n5\\n6\\n4\\n9\\n4\\n4\\n6\\n4\\n3\\n8-10\\n4@8\\n6@,7\\n6\\n3\\n4/5\\n3/5\\n4^/2\\n3\\n3\\n4\\n3\\n6\\n3\\n3\\n5\\n3\\n5@,8\\n4(516\\n3@4\\n4\\n5\\n3@5\\n12\\n13\\n13\\n13\\n13\\n12\\n12\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n10\\n14\\n8\\n6H\\n13i4\\n15\\n11\\n12\\n12\\n15\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n6\\n7\\n12\\n12\\n8\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n13\\n12\\n12\\nioo\\n130\\nso\\n90\\n60\\n60\\n45\\n45\\nJohn Brown, Sonora.\\nJea Pepper, Rock Springs.\\nD. G. .\\\\very, Marathon.\\nK. H. Lowry, Camp San Saba.\\nJ. W. Garrett, Mountain Home.\\nTexas.\\n100\\n90\\n90\\n105\\n75\\n65\\n65\\n85\\n76\\n56\\nDoughter Luttrell, Lipan.\\nW. W. Haupt. Kyle.\\nJ. M. Arnold, Montell.\\nG. W. Baylor, Montell.\\nTom S. Evans, Exile.\\n0. Dis~ler. Juno.\\n60\\n126\\n90\\n100\\n80\\n100\\n100\\n100\\n50\\n95\\n75\\n75\\n60\\n80\\n85\\n75\\n48\\n36\\nH. T. Fuchs, Tiger Mill.\\nH. W. Galbraitti. Montell.\\nJas. Patterson. Junction City.\\nW. M. Landrum, Laguna.\\nR. H. vA yatt. Sonora.\\nHenry Fink, Leon Springs.\\nW. G. Hughes, Hastings.\\nW. R McKee, Junction City.\\nRev. D. S. Babb, Sonora.\\n5%\\n4\\n6\\n4@5\\n7\\n4(\u00c2\u00ab)8\\n5(a.8\\n6@).8\\n6@8\\n7@9\\n6!4\\nm\\n5\\n3M\\n4\\n3@4\\n4\\n2(rt).3\\n3(?\u00c2\u00bb,6\\n3(5(7\\n4(^6\\n4\\n5\\n4\\n14^2\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n75\\n100\\n48\\n80\\nScott Obye. No Yamhill.\\nGeo. A. Houck. Eugene.\\nFrank H. Rogers. Gardner.\\n11\\n10\\n10\\n11\\n12\\n10\\n13\\n10\\n12/2\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\nA. Blackburn, No. Yamhill.\\nJ. M. Hassler, Larwood.\\nJ. H. Hawlev, Monmouth.\\nOregon.\\n185\\n145\\n0. Dowell, Florence.\\nN. Woodward, Dallas.\\nMr. Masters, Cleveland,\\nW. L. Claggett, Salem.\\n.las. McDonald. Morrison.\\nD. A. Walker, Carlton.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0310.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "No. 1.\\nShear- No 2.\\ning. Mohair\\nNo\\nlive\\nWeiglit.\\n3\\nDressed\\nWeight.\\nSTATE.\\nsi tn\\n03 M\\n^5\\n5 hC\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0h\\n3\\na\\nBbebdbb s Address.\\nC3\\ng\\nO\\n7\\n6\\n6\\n5\\n6\\n5i4\\n4\\n4\\n3i4\\n4\\n4\\n3\\n31/2\\n5\\n5M\\n4\\n3\\n4\\n4\\n214\\n3y2\\n2/2\\n3/2\\n13\\n13\\n8\\n12\\n16\\n12\\n6\\n16\\n8\\n9\\n13\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n6\\n12\\n12\\n100\\n165\\nioo\\n100\\n80\\n120\\n75\\n80\\n75\\n46\\n60\\nPhilo Ogden. Upper L,ali8.\\nConklin Bros., Newville.\\nWm. Richter, Ico.\\nJacob Oakes, Paskenta.\\nE. L. Maize, Upper Lake.\\nC. P. Bailey, San Jose.\\nE. R. Williams, Uedding.\\nK. J. Linton, Ager.\\nP\\n50\\n40\\nV G. Smith. Skaggs Springs.\\nAv se of flock.\\nAv ge of flocli.\\nJ. M. Wimmer, Millville.\\nJos. H. Dunison. Upper Lake.\\n7\\n6\\n6\\nii\\n5\\n4\\n4\\nE. Weistrand. Cooney.\\nD. C. Taylor, Lake Valley.\\nJ. C. Hightovver, Ruidosa.\\n0. D. Norciip. Sepan\\nNew\\nMexico\\n15\\n11\\n11\\n12\\n12\\n1^\\n120\\ninn\\n50\\n60\\n40\\n50\\nIowa.\\n7\\n5\\n4\\n5\\n.5\\n5\\n4\\n3\\n3\\n3\\n13/2\\n10\\n10\\n14\\n11\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n100\\n100\\n100\\n80\\n85\\n75\\nJ. K. Standley, Platteville.\\nS. H. McKibben. Earlham.\\nI. J. Booth, Gresco.\\nMorgan Morgan, OIny.\\n100\\n75\\nArizona.\\n4\\n4\\n4\\n21/,\\n3\\n2/2\\n2/2\\n1^2\\n12\\n12\\n6\\n8\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n50\\n55\\n35\\n40\\nJ. F Holder. Pays m\\nJ. R. Barnette. (Jlobe.\\nIra Harper. Clifton.\\nWm. Horn. Camp Verde.\\n40\\n35\\nMontana.\\n5\\n5\\n3\\n3/2\\n11 12\\n9 12\\n65\\n65\\n45\\n45\\nS. S. Brannin, Marysville.\\nT. Glome Miles, Silver Bend.\\n9\\n6\\n12\\n7\\nJ. H. Harris. Oakley.\\nWashingi n\\n8\\n6\\n13\\n12\\n55\\n40\\nDr. Tuttle, Tacoma.\\nWyoming.\\n6/2\\n4\\n12\\n12\\n140 120\\nCliris. Nihsoa. Burlington.\\nUtah.\\n3H\\n2;/\u00e2\u0080\u009e\\n15\\n12\\n80\\n1\\n70\\nJ. K. Hamblin, Kanab.\\n5\\n5\\n4\\n4\\n12\\n13\\n12\\n12\\nC D Tuthitl, Tuthill.\\nMinnesota\\n150\\n125\\n1 he Wilcox; Co Hugo.\\nKansas.\\n7 5/2\\n12\\n12\\n100\\n7.\\nMissuuri.\\n7\\n5\\n8\\n12 J....\\nA. Lippincut. Sheridan.\\nOklahoma.\\n5\\n3\\n13\\n12\\n100\\n75\\nJ. K. Youn f, Woodward.\\nVVeht\\nVirg^lnia.\\n7\\n5\\n18\\ni\\n1). Hill. Ktndalia.\\nConuectic t\\n5@.7 3@5\\n10\\n12\\n95\\n7.i\\nJas. A. Bill, Bill Hill\\nNurlli 1 1 1\\nCarolina. ml 1 |lO\\n12 90\\nfi?.\\n1 Lafiivette HoU,. Hurlinston.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0311.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "3\\n.1 A/(-,v hidiisi\\nI Y.\\nIl Will III (p|i,( iv((| ili.ii lilt i(|Miil((| l(iij;lli \u00c2\u00abil ;,l;i,ilc v;n ii S\\nflolll six III (ii iilriii III! Ik ,iiic| lli.il \\\\vcif;lil, i.tii;; lioiii sisly\\n|lilllfli| III iilM IiIIIhIiiiI .MkI IM llh ll\\\\r |MI||lll|;..\\nIl I. I ilivH III Ih.il .1 I.Mi i- li.iiiir, viiiwiiiy .1 III!!!; i.l.iplc, is\\n\u00c2\u00bb;i|).i|i|i |iIih|ii iiiv .i Iic.ivki lire i i- ill. Ill .1 Mil. ill li.iiiic I i i\\\\\\\\ i iii;\\n;i \u00e2\u0096\u00a0IkiII J.llili .iml, Il l;, wi ll I ll liir -(|cis in lliilr lllfl.c |i.lltii\\nlil.i I |i mil i III I Ik III I I l iJK\\nI W liiiiil, .iImi .i.iII .iI 1 1 III k Ml III iIk I.k I ih.il Millie In ccilri .S\\nll.lVf l(|lilll((| .linl NeVill llliHllll .IkmI III!; wllllc iitllCIS\\nli.i\\\\i ii|Miilr(| Iwi lv; .111(1, ^,(llll(\u00e2\u0096\u00a0 li,i\\\\( yucii llic ilir .Mil \\\\\\\\(i!;lil\\nIII IIkii .iiiiiiials, wiliN iiIImi Ii.I\\\\c s uiii llic li\\\\c \\\\\\\\ci;;lil, .ill dl\\nwliii II .III mill III I, I Is CI I mill I I iir.iili I .il K HI.\\ntiTATKMlCNTS (t| liU I .h .l )l K S AluiiiT Tili SI I I .AU I NC\\nl Al^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\^. lT^ II riii i u a i s\\nMr. (li d. W H.nliii, M.mirll, I x.ii.lc (\\\\miil\\\\ Tcs.is, savs\\nI h.iM ilii,. Iiiiiiiliiil ,111.1 l.iih II. .1,1 ..I ill. I II. nil ih.H.Miv li\\nIII.. I I ll.ll ,111.1 I lllllll- III. ll.l\\\\. II. .Il|i. I KM III ill. W.ill.l I ,ll.i\\\\V. .l\\n.s.\\\\i ii .il lll.\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^. r.i.ii .Il ill. ,.iii \\\\iil.i|ii.i I.IK l.l-,l I. I. ill. I H, !M .111.1\\ntiMlk ,lll ill. I l IKI .ill. I.. I .\\\\..{i| .ill., wlll.ll WA-. llllilr.l ll{i..|| llic\\nIfirgi ^i iiiinili.i liiliili .l Im .III. III.. .1.1\\nMr, liarris alway.s laiin .l nil ili. iilili.m-, ,iiul inir.., in i .iIiI.hik.l\\nlu liin- II. nnu. il In l.lalin, .in. I I Ii.ill. iik. ,in\\\\ In. ilii in llu llint .i\\n^;l,ll. h In ^lln^^ ,linllnil|. Ii.ll.i, .illi.i in w.ii lil ..l ll... Iki.ii. nl\\nlijui .11 I 11.1,11 ,i|iii. ,ii ,111. 1 nl III. .inini.il l\\\\l\\\\ .I .il ,11. Will ..i\\\\.n l\\nwilll |inir iiinli,ni, III. .In. -i li,i\\\\ini ,1 I. nil lull iinl\\\\ li.iii, n..iil\\\\ ..i\\\\\\ni lin(j, llii i \\\\i wlll.ll I l .1 inn. III. ill. Ill .1 .in\\\\ .ni ill, |..,.l\\\\ .i \\\\ci\\\\\\njjlrollg pinnl nl |illllly nl |iln.i,|\\nI ai- Uil nil |i|inln(Hii|)lis nl ,i |i,ki ..I Iwn ci.iwn d... willi lliur\\n.Si i ll in.illlll-i Li.l .111.1. Iw.i rl.iwn |,|l. k Wllll nn. ninwil .Ini\\nI ll. .il.l Ini. I .ni ill- 1,11 li.K. -Ik, II,, I nin. ii.,nn.l .il v n in.nnli\\n(iniwili, .III. I ill. .1..,, Ill III. |i, K .n ii\\\\. 1.1 ill, ii.i .ln. M v.n .n \u00e2\u0096\u00a0.rvrn\\niihuiiIi n I l.iwili\\nTIk ll.iil dinw n III ill. li. i| 1 ll 1 .i|i|i 1 niily M V.n ninnlll ^inwlil\\n({)i |n|u III, |,^I\u00c2\u00bbIM\\n1 mils M II Im. K ,111.1 III! inii. S i.iiiKi linui .l. .iMM) i,, $100,00,\\nill l lllillIK 111 i|ll,llll\\\\ nl ill. lllllll. ll\\nTill ..ih, I I l.iwii .1.1. Ill ill. i i,in|i .n li\\\\, -.lu.iu .l -IS ,111,1 ,in, li.ill\\n|iiiiin.h .ll M \\\\iii 111, null ,111,1 ill, Iwn .1... Ki.l-, itii,, ii.inn.ls .nil, .iml\\nllli Init k Kill Inili .111.1 lllir. in, III. I pnlKul v", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0312.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "6 t\\nJ 1\\n(./.I Sf\\nI- is\\nz\\ng\\nS w\\nO 5\\n2-^", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0313.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0314.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "Statements of Breeders About Shearing Capaeity of Goats, j/j\\nThe group of three, the big buck sheared nine pounds, the small\\nbuck six pounds, and the doe five and one-half pounds, at seven\\nmonths.\\nMr. W. G. Hughes, Hastings P. O., Kendall County,\\nwrites\\nReferring to my flock of thoroughbred Angora goats, I would state\\nthat I purchased the entire flock from Col. W. W. Haupt, of Hayes\\nCounty, some years ago, and have since tried to avoid any retrogression\\nin the quality of the stock which Col. Haupt deserves great credit for\\nhaving brought to a high state of perfection. I have shipped bucks\\ninto twenty-four different States in the last twelve months or so, from\\nWashington and Idaho in the Northwest, to New York and Massachu-\\nsetts in the East, and as far South as Louisiana and Florida. I made\\nan exhibit at the Omaha Exposition in 1898, and carried off most of the\\npremiums that were offered, and I can conscientiously say there are no\\ngoats in the United States that are any freer from base blood than my\\nown. I have been breding to combine a strong constitution with a good,\\nwell distributed fleece of fine mohair, and I think I have attained it.\\nI cannot do better in this connection than by giving you Col.\\nHaupt s reply to a request I made that he write a statement as to the\\nbreeding of the goats while in his hands, which is as follows:\\nKyle, Hays County, Texas, April -5, 1899.\\nMr. W. G. Hughes, Hastings, Texas:\\nDear Sir I got all my pure bloods from Col. Richard Peters, of\\nAtlanta, Georgia, into whose hands fell the original flock of Angoras\\nimported by Dr. J. B. Davis, of South Carolina, in 1849.\\nThese were the finest goats ever brought here, unless others have\\nbeen imported in recent years. Mr. Peters (who died in 1899) made\\nother importations of which he sent me samples, but I discarded them.\\nHe imported some greasy fleeced goats, like Merino sheep, and sent\\nme samples of the fleece and asked my opinion of them. I informed him\\nthe fleece was no finer, and after the grease was washed out it was no\\nheavier, and that all the difference I could see in it was the extra\\ntrouble of scouring the fleece. We discarded them.\\nI wrote to Kitching Bicknell, of New York, if I could find\\na billy from any flock in California, or elsewhere, that would increase\\nthe weight of my fleece, without detriment to its fineness. They said\\nI could not. And under date of December 17, 1888, they wrote me\\nabout my six months clip as follows:\\nIt is the best lot we have had this season. We sold a lot today,\\nnot as good as yours, for thirty- three and one-third cents and yours\\nwill go to thirty-five cents. We can get a fancy price for yours, as\\nit is fine, clean, silky and lustrous, and of good length.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0315.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "3H\\nA Nczv Industry.\\nMr.\\nspoke so much of his large yield and fine fleece,\\nthat I ordered one of his billies. I reshipped it back to him.\\nSo my pure bloods, ab initio, till the day I sold them to you,\\nhave been bred by me with most scrupulous care, and no foreign matter\\nmixed into them, and I can truthfully say their blood is perfectly pure,\\nif it left Asia Minor pure; and it is doubtful if this caii be said of many\\nother flocks in the United States.\\nRespectfully,\\n-WM. W. HAUPT.\\nPt.ATE ,\\\\.\\\\V.\\nTHOROUGHBRED ANGORA BUCK.\\nUnder two years old; bred and I aised by Mr. W. G. HuRhes, Kendall Comity. Texas, out ot\\nHaupt yoats. snowing eight moiitiis tleeee.\\nP. S.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 At one time I paid Col. Peters eight hundred dollars ($800)\\nfor seven nannies and a billy, but that was ten or fifteen years after\\nI moved to this place. W. W. H.\\nMr. W. R. McKee, Jtmction City, Kimble Cottnty, writes\\nMy flock of goats was started from the Pari. ^.h btock in l.\\nMy does average five pounds and wethers seven pounds. Weight\\nof carcass, 100 pounds for wethers and eighty-five for does. Have used\\nbucks of the finest kind I could procure.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0316.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "Sfatciiicnfs of Breeders About Slieariiig Capacity of Goats. 575\\nMany of my best does shear over six pounds and these I always\\nselect for my stud flock.\\nMy price for males has been $15.00 to $25.00\\nMany of my goats hold their fleece very late in the spring, and 1\\nhave some that do not shed at all.\\nMr. Jeff. Pepper, Rock Springs, Edwards County, writes\\nMy flock of goats was started from pure-blooded stock raised by\\nW. D. Parish, of Texas.\\nPLATE XXVI.\\nTHOROUGHBRED THREE-YEAR-OLD DOE.\\nBred and raised by Mr. W. G. Hughes, Hastincs, Kendall County, Texas, out of \u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Haupt\\ng-oats. showing eight months fleece.\\nThe average of my flock is four and one-half pounds for does\\nand six for wethers, but I have a number of does that shear as high\\nas six, and over, which I always select for my stud flock.\\nMy goats weigh 100 pounds for wethers and eighty pounds for does.\\nThe staple of mohair is thirteen inches, very fine and curly.\\nMy price for bucks is $25.00, and does $10.00.\\nMr. John Brown, Sonora, Sutton County, writes\\nMy flock of goats, consisting of about three thousand head, was\\nstarted about fifteen years ago from pure-bred bucks purchased from", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0317.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "j/d /i Nczv Industry.\\nCol. W. W. Haupt; and, of late years, I have been breeding some of my\\nfinest does for bucks which I have sold from $15.00 to $25.00, according\\nto quality.\\nThe shearing of my entire flock will average three pounds for does\\nand five for wethers, but I have many does that will shear as high as\\nsix pounds, and have had some kids that shear four and one-half\\npounds.\\nThe character of my mohair is fine in fibre and about twelve inches\\nin length.\\nI have always found ready sale for all the bucks that I have raised,\\nand they appear to have given great satisfaction.\\nMr. J. M. Arnold, Montell, Uvalde County, writes\\nOur flock of goats was founded on the W. D. Parish stock. I\\nsend you photographs of two bucks that were twenty-one months old,\\nand had their second fleece about nine months, and sheared ten pounds\\nand eleven pounds good mohair.\\nWe select only our heaviest shearing does to breed for bucks, which\\nwe have been selling at $25.00 per head.\\nThe weight of our bucks range from eighty to ninety pounds, and\\ndoes sixty to seventy pounds.\\nMr. W. M. Landrum, Laguna, Texas, writes\\nMy flock of pure-bred Angoras was originally started from the\\nPeters stock. My does shear from five pounds to eight pounds of\\npure mohair per head. I always make a selection of my finest and heav-\\niest shearing does to breed for bucks, which generally shear eight\\npounds to ten pounds per head.\\nThe weight of my bucks vary from eighty pounds to 100 pounds;\\ndoes from seventy, to eighty, pounds.\\nMy prices range for bucks from $40.00 up to $300.00; and for does\\nfrom $50.00 to $100.00 per head.\\nRev. D. S. Babb, Sonora, Sutton, County, Texas, writes\\nMy flock of Angoras was started twenty-five years ago from\\ngoats that came from Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, and I\\nhave used Landrum bucks since, more or less.\\nMy does shear from three pounds to five pounds; wethers from four\\npounds to eight pounds; kids from two pounds to four pounds.\\nWeight of wethers 100 pounds; does seventy-five pounds.\\nMohair well covered over the chest, body and belly, measuring\\nfrom twelve to eighteen inches.\\nMy price for bucks ranges from $10.00 to $50.00,- according to\\nindividual qualities.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0318.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "2 p\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a03 c", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0319.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0320.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "Staleiiiciifs of Breeders About Shearing Capaeity of Goats, ^ip\\nMr. Henry Fink, Leon Springs, Texas, writes\\nOur flock of pure-bred goats originated from the W. D. Parish\\ngoats whose entire flock we purchased when he retired from the business\\nnearly twenty years ago. We have made a practice of raising bucks\\nfor breeding purposes, and have been selling them at the rate of $20.00\\neach; and breeding does, $15.00.\\nThe shearing capacity of our bucks range generally between six\\nand seven pounds, and the does three and one-half to four pounds.\\nStaple of mohair eleven inches.\\nMr. H. T. Fiichs, Tiger Mill, Texas, writes\\nMy flock of goats was started in 1882 from pure-bred bucks pur-\\nchased from Col. Robt. W. Scott, of Kentucky.\\nI have bred them with great care for density of fleece, and fineness\\nof fibre.\\nMy does shear five pounds and weigh fifty pounds gross. The\\nstaple of mohair hangs in long ringlets from ten to twelve inches.\\nMy prices have, heretofore, been $15.00 to $25.00 for bucks, accord-\\ning to quality.\\nHon. Robt. H. Lowrey, Camp San Saba, Texas, writes\\nMy goats were started from the Peters stock in 1875, and I added\\nsome Parish stock up to 1879.\\nI have made a practice of selecting my best does for breei\u00c2\u00bbmg\\nbucks, which I have always found sale for.\\nMy present prices range from $10.00 to $15.00 for does, and $15.00\\nto $25.00 for bucks.\\nThe staple of my mohair is twelve to fourteen inches. Weight of\\nanimal about sixty pounds net for males.\\nMr. Robt. H. Wyatt, Sonora, Sutton County, writes\\nI purchased my first bucks from the Rev. D. S. Babb flock of\\ngoats, in this State, and have used great care in my selections ever\\nsince. Have always selected them from flocks well known for purity\\nof blood.\\nMy does shear three and one-half pounds; wethers four and one-\\nhalf to eight pounds.\\nWeight of my goats is about 100 pounds for wethers and seventy-\\nfive pounds for does.\\nI sell bucks at $10.00 to $25.00, and does $5.00 to $10.00.\\nMr. H. W. Galbraith, Montell, Texas, writes\\nMy first pure-bred bucks were of the Landrum stock, and I have\\nsince used some Divine and Harris Baylor goats.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0321.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "5 ?o A Nezv Industry.\\nThe average of my flock is four pounds for wethers, three pounds\\nfor does, and two pounds for kids, but I have many individual goats that\\nwill shear much above these weights.\\nMessrs. Doughten Luttrell, Lipan, Texas, writes:\\nOur flock of goats was started in 1881.\\nThe average shearing capacity of the does is three pounds, but\\nmany will go much above this weight.\\nThe males weigh close to 100 pounds, and females about seventy-\\nfive pounds.\\nThe staple of mohair is fine and measures about twelve inches in\\nlength.\\nWe sell breeding bucks at $20.00 and does $5.00.\\nMr. Tom. S. Evans, Exile P. O.. Texas, writes\\nI purchased my full-blood goats from W. M. Landrum in 1885.\\nMy flock averages three pounds for does and four for wethers,\\nbut quite a good many will do much better.\\nMy staple of mohair is nine inches with a growth of six months.\\nMy does weigh eighty-five pounds.\\nI have not made a practice of raising bucks for breeding purposes\\nbut can recommend W. M. Landrum stock.\\nMr. D. G. Avery, Marathon, Texas, writes\\nMy flock of goats was started by F. Garst from goats purchased\\nfrom C. P. Bailey, of San Jose, Cal.\\nThe average of does is three and one-half pounds.\\nStaple of mohair thirteen inches in length.\\nWeight of animals 130 pounds for male and ninety pounds for\\nfemale.\\nMy prices are $25.00 for bucks and $5.00 to $15.00 for does.\\nMr. J- W. Garrett, Mountain Home, Texas, writes:\\nMy flock was started from Fink goats and I have since added\\nto them a lot of Divine goats.\\nHave never paid very strict attention to breeding for bucks. I\\nsell my choice bucks at $10.00, and does at $5.00.\\nCol. B. L. Crouch, Pearsall, Texas, writes\\nI am not engaged in breeding Angoras at the present time,, but\\nfeel a very deep interest in the industry. I bred them with considerable\\nsatisfaction and profit from 1872 to 1893.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0322.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "o .Sf\\no S.\\n2 H\\ns\\na\\nO 3\\no", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0323.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0324.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "Stafcnicnts of Breeders About Shearing Capaeily of Goats. S23\\nCol. W. W. Haupt, Kyle, Texas\\nI sold all my goats to Mr. W. G. Hughes, of Hastings P. O.,\\nTexas, in 1893.\\nMr. O. Dowell,^* Florence, Oregon, writes:\\nMy goats weigh heavy 185 pounds for bucks, and 145 pounds for\\ndoes, gross.\\nThe does shear between two and one-half and three pounds, and\\nwethers five pounds, of eleven and one-half inch mohair.\\nI do not raise bucks for sale, but can recommend Geo. A. Houck,\\nof Eugene, and Oscar Tom, Angora, Oregon.\\nMr. T. H. Hawle} Monmouth, Oregon, writes\\nOur goats shear four pounds for does and seven pounds for wethers\\nbut many will go above this.\\nWe sell bucks at $10.00 and does $5.00.\\nMr. W. D. Claggett, Salem, Oregon, writes\\nMy flock of goats was started with bucks from the Eutichides\\nimportation in 1867.\\nMy does shear from four to six pounds and have a staple twelve\\nto fourteen inches in length.\\nI have been selling breeding bucks at $25.00. My goats are exceed-\\ningly fine wooled, but are not large in frame.\\nMr. N. Woodward, Dallas, Polk County, Oregon, writes\\nMy docs range from three pounds to six pounds of mohair, twelve\\ninches long.\\nI sell breeding bucks from $10.00 to $25.00, and does at $5.00 to\\n$10.00, according to quality.\\nMr. Scott Obye, North Yamhill, Oregon, writes\\nMy flock of Angora goats averages four and three-fourths pounds\\nfor does, and five and three-fourths pounds for wethers, but I have many\\ndoes that shear as high as seven and seven and one-half, and have had one\\ngo as high as eight pounds. The staple of my mohair measures fourteen\\nind one-half inches in length.\\nI have been selling bucks for breeding purposes at $20.00 to $25.00,\\nand does $10.00 to $15.00, according to quality.\\n*Mr. O. Dowell is the President of the Coast Mohair Asso-\\nciation, Florence, Oregon, of which Frank H. Rodgers, Gardner,\\nOregon, is Secretary.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0325.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "3^4 A Nczv Industry.\\nMr. James McDonald, Morrison, Oregon, writes\\nMy flock was started in 1883.\\nMy does shear, now, an average of five pounds. I have been\\nbreeding for bucks and sell at $10.00 per head for both bucks and does.\\nMy bucks shear from seven to nine and one-half pounds, of twelve\\ninch mohair, and have had some go as high as thirteen inches.\\nMr. Oscar Tom, Angora, Oregon, writes\\nI have been raising my goats chiefly for breeding bucks, which T\\nhave been selling at $10.00, and my culled does at $5.00.\\nMy does shear four pounds each of mohair, eight to twelve inches\\nin length.\\nMr. D. A. Walker, Carlton, Oregon, writes\\nI started with old Spanish goats twenty-seven years ago. My does\\nnow shear very near flve pounds (4 14-16 pounds), of twelve inch mohair.\\nI have only got 125 head, as I have made a practice of culling out\\nevery year, picking out the oldest and poorest shearers.\\nI do not sell my best goats, but can refer buyers of breeding\\nbucks to A. Blackburn, North Yamhill.\\nMr. Masters, Cleveland Oregon, says\\nMy flock of goats was started by my father, the Rev. C. B.\\njMasters, now of Coos County. He was an old breeder, and bred them\\nwith great care until he became too old to give them the proper atten-\\ntion, when he sold them to me.\\nThey were originally started from the W. M. Landrum goats, of\\nCalifornia, in 1872.\\nMy does shear from three pounds to seven pounds, and wethers\\nfrom five to eight pounds; staple of mohair nine to eleven inches.\\nI have only paid a little attention lo breeding for bucks, and have\\nsold at $10.00 to $25.00 for bucks, and $5.00 to $15.00 for does, according\\nto quality.\\nMr. A. Blackburn, North Yamhill, Oregon, writes\\nMy flock of goats was started from goats purchased from D. C.\\nStewart Son, who got their start from Landrum.\\nMy flock shears four pounds for does, and six pounds for wethers,\\nbut I have many that will go much over this.\\nMy staple is eleven inches in length.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0326.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "O g\\nQ o\\nO\\na\\nW\\no s\\no P\\n5\\no s\\nK\\ns\\nO a\\nI\\no\\nc5 a", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0327.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0328.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "Stafoiioifs of Breeders About Shearing Ccpaeity of Goats. 327\\nI have been breeding for bucks, which I sell at $10.00 up to $25.00.\\naccording to quaHty. My does I do not sell.\\nI recently purchased a buck from W. G. Hughes Co., of your\\nState, which is a good goat.\\nMr. J. M. Hassler, Larwood, Oregon writes\\nMy does shear from three to four pounds of mohair, eight to\\ntwelve inches in length. I have raised some breeding bucks, which\\nsheared from seven to nine pounds, and have sold all the way from\\n$8.00 to $25.00, according to quality. I will give you a statement of\\nmy experience with fifty head of goats purchased in April, 1895, for\\n$87.50:\\n1895. Sold, mohair, $31.40; and goats, $35.00 66 40\\n189(1 Sold, mohair, $60.35; goats, $22.75 83 10\\n1897. Sold, mohair, $45.15; goats, $60.00 105 15\\n1898. Sold, mohair. $83.70; goats, $28.00 106 70\\n1899. Sold, mohair, $93.60; goats, $209.50 303 12\\n$664 47\\nAnd I have on hand still 78 head.\\nMr. Geo. A. Houck, Eugene, Oregon, writes\\nThe flock of goats which I now own was started originally by Mr.\\nAri Cantrell between 1860 and 1870, who was the pioneer goat breeder\\nin this State.\\nMr. Cantrell purchased about 150 head of three-fourths to seven-\\neighths grades from Landrum Butterfield at $12.60, and paid $1500 for\\na pure blooded buck and one yearling doe. He afterwards purchased\\npure bred bucks from Landrum Rogers of California. He bred for\\nfine silky fibre and his best goats became very small in consequence, as\\nwell as very tender and delicate in constitution.\\nMy father purchased his entire flock in 1885, and put with them two\\nbucks purchased from C. P. Bailey. Mr. Cantrell showed me three\\ndoes he said were direct descendants from his full blood doe that, he\\npurchased originally, and from the offspring of these, bred from a\\nBailey buck, I secured a buck that sheared ten and a half pounds.\\nI never saw a better breeder than he was, and one of his kids\\nsheared as high as eleven and one-fourth pounds last spring. I have\\nnever offered to sell any goats for breeding purposes until 1897 and have\\nsold since then at $15.00 to $25.00 according to quality.\\nI keep a register of their breeding. I am breeding for carcass,\\nconstitiution and w^eight of fleece. My flock consists of about 1500\\nhead.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0329.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "3^8 A Nczv Industry.\\nCALIFORNIA. Philo Ogden, Upper Lake, Cal.\\nI started my flock of goats with full-blood bucks from C. P. Bailey\\nof San Jose California.\\nMy does average five pounds and wethers seven. My mohair meas-\\nures thirteen inches in length. My wethers weigh 100 pounds and does\\neighty pounds. I have never made a practice of raising any bucks for\\nsale, but intend doing so in the future.\\nMr. James H. Dunison, Upper Lake, Cal., writes\\nMy does average four pounds and wethers five pounds. The whole\\nflock will average three and a half, taking in the kids. The staple of my\\nmohair is thirteen inches long. I have not made a business of raising\\nbreeding bucks, but can recommend W. W. Green of this county.\\nMessrs. Conklin Bros., Newville, Cal., writes\\nOur flock of thoroughbred goats was started with three does and\\none buck imported from Turkey by Mr. Eutichides, in 1870 by Mr. Julius\\nWeyand (deceased) who purchased them from Dr. Cummings, and they\\nafterwards passed into our possession, and have been kept absolutely\\nfree from any crossing with common goats ever since.\\nMr. Weyand was a highly educated man, and was very systematic\\nin all his work, and his register was kept up with great care and exactness,\\nwhich we have continued upon the same system as he inaugurated, there-\\nfore we claim our flock of thoroughbreds are thoroughbred indeed.\\nWe bred one buck that sheared nine pounds in the fall, and three\\npounds and three ounces in the spring, making twelve pounds and three\\nounces for the twelve months growth. This is the heaviest goat we\\never sheared. From six to nine pounds is about the average weight of\\nour bucks, more of them the heavier than the lighter weight. Our rec-\\nord of breeding is so systematic that we can select and tell exactly how\\neach goat is bred, by its number.\\nWe have a large flock that we keep no record of that appear to\\nbe as fine as our thoroughbreds. We have made a business of selling\\nbucks for breeding purposes at from $35 to $50. The staple of our\\nmoliair is thirteen inches in length. Weight of males 165 and females\\n120. We think our thoroughbred flock has no superior in the State.\\nMr. Jas. Wilder, Paskenta, Cal., writes:\\nI have been in the goat business eleven years on a small scale. I\\nnever had over 450 head on my place at one time. I would refer you\\nto Mr. Wm. Harland of Williams Station; Conklin Brothers and C.\\nW. Foreman, both of Newville, Glen County, and John Hull, Croam-\\nville. Glen County, who are all breeders of Angora goats.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0330.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "Q d\\n1\\nM 03\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J i\\ncs\\ns~\\nO 3\\nQ I\\nO S.\\ni\\nO\\no\\n\u00c2\u00a71", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0331.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0332.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "Statciiioifs of Breeders About SJieariiig Capaeity of Goats, ^ji\\nMr. A. Moon, Ono, Snasta County, Cal.. writes\\nMy flock was started with pure bred bucks purchased from Conk-\\nlin Brothers of Newville, in 1895.\\nMy does average between three and four pounds mohair, six tc\\neight inches long at six months cHp. I do not raise bucks for breeding\\npurposes, but can recommend Conkhn Brothers.\\nMr. Jacob Oaks, Paskenta, Cal., writes:\\nI purchased my first breeding bucks from Conklin Brothers in\\n1892 and can recommend them. I am a general farmer and I do not\\nraise goats especially for breeding purposes. My does average three\\npounds and wethers five pounds of twelve inch mohair.\\nMr. E. L. Maze, Upper Lake, Cal., wTites\\nMy flock of Angoras average four pounds for the does and six\\npounds for wethers but many individual goats will shear above this\\naverage. The weight of our wether goats is 100 ponds a d does seventy-\\nfive pounds.\\nWe breed and sell breeding bucks at $50.00 and does at $20.00.\\nMr. J. M. Wimmer, Millville, Cal, writes:\\nMy band of goats was started with bucks bought from J. S. Har-\\nris, now of Oakley, Idaho.\\nI started in 1878 with 120 head of doe kids, about three-fourths\\ngrades, and have been breeding to the best bucks I could get. I have\\nwethers^ in the band that will shear eight and nine pounds and does that\\nwill shear five and six, and kids that will shear four; but three pounds\\nis about what the whole band will average.\\nI have not made a practice of breeding bucks for sale.\\nMr. C. P. Bailey, San Jose, Cal, writes\\nMy first pure-blood bucks came from the Chenery importation to\\nBoston, Massachusetts. My band averages four pounds for does, five\\nand a half for wethers and two for kids, but I have many individual\\ngoats that will shear much heavier. My mohair ranges from eight to\\nten inches. I have made importations of breeding bucks from South\\nAfrica.\\nThe following is an extract from the Associated Press cables,\\nwith reference to a sample of mohair grown by me, which I sent to\\nBradford, England, for examination:\\nA stir has been caused in England by a mohair fleece grown in\\nCalifornia, and it is stated that if fleeces of the same uniform quality can", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0333.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "JJ2 A Nezv Indiistry.\\nbe grown there the triumph of the United States as a mohair producer\\nis assured. The American grown mohair fleece which has been exhibi-\\nted for the past week was forwarded by C. P. Bailey of San Jose, Cal.\\nThe fleece is that of a two-year-old graded doe and the quality of the\\nhair has been the wonder of all who have seen it.\\nOne of the leading merchants, in commenting on it, said:\\nI have now in my warehouse about two hundred thousand dollars\\nworth of mohair both Turkish and Cape, and I am entirely sincere\\nwhen I state that there is not a better fleece in the whole lot. I will buy\\nall the American mohair like that at the market price and I do not\\nknow but that I would pay more than the market price. I say unhesi-\\ntatingly that the sample fleece is as good mohair as is grown.\\nMr. R. J. Linton, Ager, Cal., writes\\nI breed largely for breeding purposes and sell bucks at $50 and\\ndoes $50. I keep up a register of my pure-bred flock.\\nMy band of goats was started in 1883. My present shearing is\\nthree and a half pounds for does, four and a half for wethers and two\\nand a half for kids. Staple of mohair six inches in length. I sell my\\nbest shearing bucks at 25 and does $15.\\nMr. E. Weistrand, Cooney, N. M., writes\\nThe average shearing of my Angoras is as follows: Does, three\\nto five pounds; wethers, five to seven pounds; kids, two and a half to\\nfour pounds.\\nI do not make a practice of breeding bucks for sale. I purchased\\nfour bucks from J. S. Harris of Oakley, Idaho in 1897, and they are\\nthe best I have seen in New Mexico.\\nMr. J. C. Hightower, Rindosa, N. M., writes\\nMy Angora goats average four pounds for does, six pounds for\\nwethers and two pounds for kids. Staple of mohair eleven inches.\\nMy price for bucks is $10.00 and does the same. My bucks shear\\nabout seven pounds.\\nMr. D. C. Taylor, Lake Valley, N: M., writes\\nI commenced the goat business thirteen years ago. I was dead\\nbroke and bought ninety-nine Mexican does on time at $1.50 each.\\nMy first bucks came from J. M. Arnold, of Texas. I have since used C.\\nP. Bailey bucks and have used one Landrum buck. I now have about\\n2(300 goats (1100 does and 1500 wethers and bucks). They are all extra\\ngood. I have not a doe that will shear less than three and a half pounds\\nup to six and a half pounds, and wethers from four to seven. My bucks\\nsheared last spring ten pounds each.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0334.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "O\\no\\n1\\no\\nI\\nO IT", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0335.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0336.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "Statements of Breeders About Slieari)ig Capacity of Goats, jjj\\nI sell bucks at $25 each with mohair (not dog hair) all around their\\neyes and face and down to the hoofs, that I think will make eleven\\npounds, bucks at two years old. I sold twenty-two bucks last fall.\\nMy bucks have five or six inch mohair now (July) and about eight\\nmonths more time to grow before shearing. A very few of my goats\\nshed any which I think is a big thing.\\nI think the possibilities of the Angora goat are as great as the sheep\\nand you know what the Americans did with the old Spanish merino.\\nI am trying to get on top. Have nothing else to do, and do not need\\nany money.\\nPLATE XXXII.\\nYEARLING ANGORA BUCK.\\nRaised by Mr. D. C. Taylor. Lake Valley, New Mexico, showing seven months growth ot mohair.\\nA. D. Norcop, Sepan, N. M.\\nMy first bucks came from C. P. Bailey. My does shear an aver-\\nage of three and a half pounds, wethers five and a half, and kids two\\npounds. Mohair eleven inches. My wethers weigh 120 pounds. I\\nhave not yet sold any of my best goats.\\nThe Onderdonk Live Stock Company, Lamy, N. M., write", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0337.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "jjd A Nezv Industry.\\nWe have on^ha nd at the present time 8000 head of Mexican goats\\nand about 1800 Angoras. Have only started with Angoras this year\\n(1900) and have none for sale as yet.\\nDr. J. R. Standley, Platteville, Iowa, writes\\nI became interested in the Angora go t industry in 1893. My first\\nbuck came from the Col. Scott flock of Kentucky, and I have since pur-\\nchased the entire flock of Peters goats from the estate of- the late Col.\\nRichard Peters of Atlanta, Georgia.\\nThe weight of my wethers is about 100 pounds and for does eighty\\npounds. Mohair measures thirteen and a half inches, well distributed\\nover the body, chest and belly. I send a photograph of some of the does.\\nMy price for bucks ranges from $40.00 up, and from $15 up for does,\\naccording to individual merit.\\nMr. S. S. McKibben, Earlham, Madison, County, Iowa,\\nwrites\\nMy first introduction into the Angora goat business was in 1895.\\nthrough Dr. J. R. Standley of this State. I have since handled goats\\nlargely and have sold upwards of five thousand head, principally does,\\nwhich I have received altogether from Texas. I am now breedng a\\nIfock of about one hundred very choice does to my hornless buck Ad-\\nmiral Dewey, which I regard the finest type of Angora goat in the Uni-\\nted States, combining both mohair and mutton qualities to perfection.\\nI have not yet sold any of my buck kids from Dewey, only having about,\\nfour, but will be prepared to supply them, from my present (May 1900)\\ncrop of kids which I shall dispose of at $50 to $100.00 according to indi-\\nvidual merits. I send you a photograph of Dewey with two of his\\nkids taken in September.\\nMr. J. C. Morton, Indianola, Iowa, writes\\nI became interested in the Angora goat in 1898, purchasing some\\nvery choice does from Texas, which show an average of three pounds\\neach. I got them for the purpose of clearing brush land which I have\\naccomplished, and have concluded to keep them for breeding. Have\\nbeen selling bucks from $10.00 up according to quality.\\nMessrs. Morgan Morgan, Clay, Iowa, write\\nWe started with the Angora goat in 1897 from goats purchased of\\nDr. J. R. Standley of Platteville, Iowa. The does shear three to four\\npounds and produce a very fine mohair fourteen inches in length. Have\\nbeen selling our bucks at $15.00 up; and does, $10.00 up, according to\\nmerit.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0338.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "Q B\\no a\\n2\\nffi\\nI\\no\\n9 r\\nI\\n=s\\no\\nm\\nH\\nO\\no 5\\na\\nffl I\\nC5\\nO\\nffl\\ny;\\nOS", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0339.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0340.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "Stafviih iifs of Breeders About Slieariiig Capacity of Goats, jjp\\nMr. J. R. Barnette, Globe, Ariz., writes\\nI purchased my first pure-bred bucks from Wm. M. Landrum of\\nLaguna, Texas, in 1898. My does shear two and a half to three pounds,\\nwethers four to four and a half pounds. Mohair twelve inches. Have\\nnot made a practice of selling bucks for breeding purposes yet. My\\nprice for high grade does is $4 to $5 each.\\nMr. Wm. Horn, Camp Verde, Ariz., writes:\\nI do not breed any goats for breeding purposes. My flock con-\\nsists of grades shearing one and a half to tw.o pounds for does, and two\\nto two and a half pounds for wethers. Eight inch staple.\\nHave been asking $3 to $4 per head for my goats.\\nMr. Ira Harper, Clifton, Ariz., writes\\nI only have 190 head at present (September, 1899). Have sold and\\nkilled fifty head wethers that netted me $2.50 for the meat. I generally\\nsel my wethers at eighteen months old and some at twelve months.\\nMy entire flock averages two and a half pounds mohair measuring\\nsix inches long.\\nMr. J. F. Holder, Payson, Ariz., writes\\nI purchased my first bucks from C. P. Bailey of San Jose, Cal.\\nMy flock shears three pounds for does, four pounds for wethers.\\nMohair from nine to twelve inches.\\nHave been selling bucks to my neighbors at $15.00 each.\\nMr. T. Clome Miles, Silver Bend, Mont., writes\\nMy first bucks came from Sargent Brothers, Colorado. My flock\\nshears three and a half pounds for does and five pounds for wethers,\\nwith a staple of nine inch mohair.\\nMy price for best breeding bucks is $50.00 and does $20.00.\\nAir. S. S. Brannin, Marysville, Mont., writes\\nMy Angora goats shear for does three pounds and wethers lour\\nand a half pounds. I have never made a practice of breeding bucks\\nfor sale, My price for breeding does is $5.00 per head.\\nMr. J. S. Harris, Oakley, writes\\nI have divided my flock of goats into three parts in order to be\\nable to .oupply breeders with bucks more easily than from this point,\\nwhich is very inaccessible. One of my subdivisions is located at Salem.\\nOregon, in company with ]\\\\Ir. J. B. Early; another is at Montell,\\nUvalde County, Texas, in company with Mr. Geo. W. Baylor; and, the\\nthird, I have kept here.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0341.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "J70 A Nczv Industry.\\nThey are all practically the same kind of stock, as I have had only\\nthe one strain of blood for many years, which I selected myself m Asia\\nMinor in 1875. I claim to have as pure-bred goats as can be found\\nin the world.\\nFor a number of years after my return from Asia there was very\\nlittle general interest taken in the Angora goat industry in this country,\\nand for that reason I did not save many more bucks than I wanted tc\\nuse in my own flock. I made wethers out of my males, and depended\\nentirely on the proceeds from mohair lor the profit in handling them\\nwhich has been very satisfactory. The recent revival in the demand\\nfor breeding stock has encouraged me to save all my male kids; and\\nbeing situated so far from the center of trade I have divided my iiock\\nas above stated. I have raised one buck that sheared as high as eighteen\\nand a half pounds of mohair in twelve months in two searings, and fif-\\nteen pounds at one shearing. I would give a thousand dollars to have\\nanother like him raised in Asia Minor.\\nDr. Tuttle, Tacoma, Wash., writes:\\nI received my first goats from Mr. McCorkle of Oregon. I have\\nonly a limited unmiber, and have sold my bucks for 25.00 for breeding-\\npurposes. My does shear six pounds of thirteen inch mohair, bucks\\neight pounds.\\nMr. Chris Niehson, Burlington, Wyo., writes\\nMy first buck came from Bailey of California, through Mr. Brom-\\nley of Utah. The flock consists of about 1500 head (August, 1899)\\nand shears four pounds for does, six -pounds for wethers, of twelve inch\\nmohair. I have been selling breeding bucks at $50.00 and does at $8.00.\\nMr. Jos R. HambHn, Kanab, Utah, writes\\nI began breeding the Angora goat in 1897. My does shear two\\nand a half pounds and over, wethers three and a fourth and over. My\\nfinest mohair is fifteen inches, some of it only twelve inches.\\nI do not raise any bucks for sale.\\nMr. R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kansas, writes\\nI have only been interested in Angora goats about one year. Was\\nattracted to them by their great utility as brush exterminators, and have\\nimported and sold no less than five thousand head from Texas, which\\nhave been distributed mainly in Kansas, and some in Missouri.\\nI have decided to make the Angora goat a prominent feature in\\nmy farming interests in the future, as I regard them as being one of the\\nmost valuable species of live stock that I can raise. I purchased from\\nGunzer Brothers, Texas, their entire flock of goats only a month or two", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0342.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a3\u00e2\u0096\u00a02\\nto OJ\\no o\\no =|2\\n3a\\nO S\\nO 5) S\\nO SS-e\\nO\\nW Pts a)\\nEh Stj\\nO -\u00c2\u00a75 2\\nr A i", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0343.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0344.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "Sfalci/iciifs of Breeders About Shearing Capacity of Goats. 575\\nago, which consists of about 500 head of very beautiful goats shearing\\nfully an average of three and a half pounds of fine mohair twelve inches\\nlong, in Texas, which will probably make them five pound shearers in\\nthis climate. Many of the does will shear upwards of five and\\nsix pounds at this time, which I shall select and use for a stud\\ntiock and expect to sell my bucks at 25.00 and upwards, according to\\nshearing qualities. The does I do not care to sell yet.\\nThe Gunzer flock originated from the Devine goats, which came\\nout of the Peters stock, and they out of the Davis goats, originally\\nimported from Asia Minor.\\nMr. Wni. J. Seever, Secretary Missouri Historical Socie-\\nty, St. Louis, Mo., writes:\\nI purchased my first Angora goats from Dr. J. R. Standley of\\nIowa, in 1898. I have only a small number of them on hand and have\\nnone for sale at present. I know that the following farmers have some,\\nbut as to their price, or disposition to sell, I am not familiar:\\nA. A. Glassey, Cuba, Mo.\\nSligo Furnace Co., Sligo, Mo.\\nH. M. Ruime, Pacific, Mo.\\nJohn L. Hooker, Clementine, Mo.\\nCharles T. INIoore, Nashville, 111.\\nGeorge Dressendorfer, Macedonia, ^lo.\\nC. M. Buck, Union, Mo.\\nB. S. Knapp, RoUa, Mo.\\nG. Pauls, Eureka, Mo.\\nT,. L- Chamberlain, Rolla, \\\\[o.\\nWm. C. Dickinson, Rolla, ]Mo.\\nT. A. Murphy, Dixon, Mo.\\nJohn Regsby, Newton, Phelps County, Mo.\\nCharles Ruepple, Stanton, Mo.\\nHenry Frauz, Rolla, Mo.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0J. H. Canada, iMexico, Mo.\\n]\\\\lr. A. Lippincutt, Sheridan, Mo., writes\\nI first became interested in Angora goats in 1898 through Dr. J.\\nR. Standley of Iowa. My does shear five pounds of mohair, eight inches\\nlong. I have been selling bucks at $10 to $15 and does $6 to $10.\\n^Ir. J. K. Young, Woodward, O. T., writes\\nI purchased my first Angora goats in 1895 from Francis Garst.\\nMy does shear three pounds and wethers five pounds, mohair measures\\nthirteen inches. Weight of wethers 100 pounds and does seventy-five\\npounds. My price for breeding bucks is $25.00 and does $15.00 per\\nliead.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0345.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "244 Nczv Industrv-\\nMr. O. D. Hill, Kendalia, West Va., writes:\\nI commenced handling the Angora goat in 189 2, which were per-\\nhaps the first that were taken into West Virginia.\\nMy does shear about three pounds and wethers as high as six to\\neight pounds. Mohair is very long and ranges about eighteen inches.\\nMy price for breeding bucks has been $25.00 per head, and breeding does\\nthe same.\\nEstate of James A. Bell, Bell Hill, Conn.\\nMr. Kansas N. Bill, th e executor of his father s estate, writes\\nthat they became interested in the Angora goat upwards of twenty\\nyears ago, through Mr. Terrell of Cheshire, who obtained them from\\nCol. Richard Peters of Atlanta, Georgia.\\nHave always had a sale for them at $18 to $25 per pair.\\nHe mentions the following, other persons who are raising the An-\\ngora in Connecticut:\\nMr. James B. Palmer, Lisbon, Conn.\\nMr. D. H. Van Hosear, Hurlburst, Conn.\\nMr. C. B. Wood, North Lynne, P. O. address. Chicago, 111.\\nNORTH CAROLINA. Lafayette Holt. Burli|bgton, N. C.\\nI purchased my first Angora goats in 1893.\\nHave not been breeding for bucks, but will probably do so later on.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0346.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "t\\n5\\nO t\\nO\\n5-\\nit\\nQ\\nO S\\nO\\nO i", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0347.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0348.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXV.\\nCLEARING BRUSHY LAND, AND HOW THE WORK IS DONE.\\nThe greatest profit in breeding the Angora goat is, perhaps,\\nn} connection with the clearing up ot some old, worn-out farm\\nthat is grown up with briars and brush, and restoring it to a\\ncondition of fertility and usefulness or, bv purchasing some\\nnative forest or stump land and converting it into good farming\\nland. The latter plan has been followed, and is still carried on,\\nwith great success, in Iowa, Oregon, and California; and, the old\\nStates, in the East, ofifer many oppoitunities to carry out the\\nformer, which can be done by the purchase of some of the aban-\\ndoned farms in that section.\\nIn the more central States, like Missouri, Kansas, and Ark-\\nansas, farmers are troubled with a most aggarvating kind of\\ngrowth, known as buck- brush, which produces a small red berry\\nthat bn-ds are very fond of, and they distribute them over the\\nface of the whole country to such extent that, in some places, en-\\ntire fields have been covered by the brush, which throws out a\\nrunning root, and, in a very short time-, the pastures become\\n]Dractically worthless. No kind of stock will touch it, and it was\\na serious question among the land owners where it exists, as to\\nwhat they could do to exterminate, or at least keep it back.\\nThey had heard of the Angora goat s great fondness for brush\\nof all description, and the first experiment with them solved the\\nproblem, and it is getting to be quite common now for farmers\\nin this section to have a small flock of these goats.\\nIn many other parts of our country and in Canada, the\\nCanadian thistle is the bane of the farmer, and stringent laws\\nare employed to keep this worthless weed from spreading. The\\nAngora goat regards this as one of the choicest kinds of diet,\\nand takes o-reat delia-ht in eatins: it whenever it can be found.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0349.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "2 48 A NcTV Industry.\\nIt is quite obvious that if a breeder can connect the raising\\nof this animal for mohair, upon such lands as I have mentioned,\\nthe profits will be much larger than where he is compelled to\\nrent land for the simple support of his stock.\\nI have collected quite a mass of testimony from practical\\nbreeders who have had experience in their several States in\\nclearing land which will assist new beginners in learning how\\nthis work is carried on.\\nDr. J. R. vStandley, of Platteville, Iowa, is deservedly entitled\\nto the credit of introducing this practice into his State, which he\\nbegan in 1893, by the purchase of some three or four hundred\\ngoats in Texas. His neighbors thought he was certainly de-\\nmented when they saw him actually turn loose these animals\\non his beautiful farm, but they very soon began to realize that\\nthere was much method in the doctor s madness. Reference\\nhas already been made to the great success he acheived, and\\nplates XX. and XXI, will convey a more correct idea of how\\nefi^ectually his work was accomplished making out of a worth-\\nless thicket of brush a most attractive and beautiful pasture.\\nPlate XIX shows a small bunch of Angoras at work on the\\nfarm of Mr. S. S. McKibben, of Earlham, in Madison County.\\nIt will be observed that the goats have gotten the brush all\\ndestroyed in the enclosure they are in, and are trying to reach the\\nbrush in the neighboring field, rather than eat the grass in\\ntheir own.\\nThe third illustration, or plate XXII, was taken on the\\nfarm of the Hon. A. H. Edwards, of Audubon, Iowa, who\\nwrites me as follows\\nI have had but limited experience with goats. I have used them for\\nclearing up a pasture of eighty acres, in which about forty acres was\\ndensely covered with grubs, (a species of burr-oak dwarfed, probably,\\nby plains fires, as our land is naturally prairie.)\\nT have had in the pasture an average of 100 sheep and 400 goats for\\nlive months, and forty head of cattle for one month. Three weeks ago\\nthe oak leaves within reach of the goats were gone. I send you a photo-\\ngraph of my field showing the good work done by them.\\nDr. J. R. Standley, of Plattville, Iowa, prepared the follow-\\ning paper, at my request, giving a very clear statement of his\\nexperience in the matter of", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0350.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "349\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a23 c a\\nHi\\noi o! 6C\\nCO s sc", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0351.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0352.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "Clcarijig Brushy Laud, and Hotc flic Work is Done. ^^i\\nHOW TO CLEAR BKUSH LAND WITH GOATS.\\nTo commence this article I want to say that my exeperience in\\nclearing brush land with goats has been entirely with Angora goats,\\nmost of them pretty well bred with about 300 full-bloods.\\nI can see no reason why the common goat would not be just as\\ngood.\\nI suppose I was the first man who ever tried keeping goats for clear-\\ning land of brush. I want to say, here, that I was in such a fix, I was\\ncompelled to do something. I had on hand several hundred acres ol\\nland known as barnes, and worse, some of it, for a great portion of it\\nwas so densely covered with hazel, plum, crab-apple, box-alder, witch-\\nhazel, and other varieties of undergrowth known in this country, that\\nhundreds of acres did not produce a single spear of grass of any kind,\\nand not many weeds. Millions of acres of land in the middle Northwest\\nof the United States is today so set with undergrowth that it is impossible\\nto get even the worth of the annual taxes out of the land, in the common\\nway of pasturing the kinds of live-stock heretofore kept in this country.\\nLittle, very little, seems to be known of the use of goats in reclaim-\\ning the wilderness. The man who clears brush-land in the old way.\\nby grub, hoe and plow, is behind the times.\\nThink a little, kind reader: It is worth from five or six dollars\\nper acre to fifteen or twenty dollars per acre to clear brush land, and even\\nthen a great deal of the very best kind of grass land is too rough to plow.\\nAnd besides, along streams, there are so many nooks and bends and\\nbluffs, that never could be plowed; and, the pastures, many of them,\\nafter they have been pastured many years, become set in briars, buck-\\nbrush or turkey-berry, so that the grass nearly all dies. A few Angora\\ngoats will kill all this, and make more grass than if they were not in\\nthe pasture,\\nYou can commence by cutting everything the goats cannot bend\\ndown, trees, bushes, etc. Never cut hazel: they like the old hazel best,\\nand kill it better than the sprouts.\\nTo fence for goats, 26 inch woven wire, and two or three barbed\\nwires above, is the best fence I have ever made. I have some old-\\nfashioned rail fence, Osage hedge, and seven-barbed-wire fence that\\nturn them, but the first named, I call the best.\\nTwo years is sufficient to kill hazel, and any stumps of any timber\\nthat grows in this Country (Southern Iowa).\\nSome people think goats kill bi-ush by eating it, but this is not so.\\nGoats do not eat the brush, they only denude the brush of its leaves,\\nand continue so to do, which makes the brush sick to the very extremity\\nof the roots, causing the roots to die as soon as the tops of the brush,\\nconsequently, no sprouting. Land cleared in the old way will have more\\nor less sprouts for many years, and nooks and bends in branches and\\nfence corners which are a never-ending eye-sore.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0353.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "J52 V A Nezv Industry.\\nThe goats do it more perfectly than any way. I have several\\nhundred acres now as clean as a lawn, and as well set in grass, by the\\nwork of these pesky little animals. And not only clear of brush, but it\\nis the common remark of all who visit my place that I have no weeds,\\nor comparatively none.\\nNow for one minute more, kind reader, give me your full at-\\ntention.\\nSay eighty acres of brush-land, bringing no revenue, is furnished\\nwith a good fence and two hundred Angora goats, good grade, that\\nwill shear three pounds per head of good staple mohair, mostly eight\\ninches in length, worth now thirty-six cents per pound; this eighty\\nacres will furnish all the feedi the goats need for one-half the year,\\nthe other half, feed as sheep. 600 pounds of mohair at 36 cents,\\n$216.00. It is fair to say that one-half of this $216.00 is for the use of\\nthe eighty acres of land which is not worth anything for other stock.\\nI have simply given these figures to show that the goats will give\\nnear, or about, the same revenue as the same number of sheep, and live\\nduring the summer, on what no other animal will live on. Now, count\\nthree years to clear this land, and set it in grass, and you have the nice\\nsum of $324.00 to the credit of your goats, and also the clearing of the\\neighty acres, worth surely $800.00. And aga n, if your goats are one-h-.lf\\nor more females, you have raised young as well, and as many as a like\\nnumber of sheep.\\nNow, you have eighty acres of clear land and the clearing has cost\\nless than nothing. Can you afford to leave that brush? Verily, no!\\nBuy goats. If you can not get good grade Angora goats, buy common\\ngoats, and pure-bred bucks, and make money on the goats while you are\\nclearing your land. When your land is cleared sell to that neighbor who\\nneeds them; he will want them before you are through with them.\\nI am fully of the opinion that it will pay to keep Angora goats as\\nW Ced exterminators. The goat being a browsing and not -a grazing ani-\\nmal makes him doubly valuable to the man with brush land.\\nIt is not my desire to go into the uses to which the Angora goat\\nmay be put (except in a cursory way), except the clearing of brush\\nland. This is not the only prfit of the Angora, by any means. Mohair,\\nmeat, skins to make rugs and mats, and milk, are sources of revenue\\nfrom the goat.\\nYes, verily, I believe the Angora goat a more profitable animal\\nthan the sheep, aside from his very superior qualities as a browser.\\nI do not wish to over-draw the Angora, neither do I believe I have\\nso done. Nor do I wish to convey the idea that the sheep is an inferior\\nanimal. While I believe the Angora goat a better animal than the\\nsheep, I think the sheep the next best animal.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0354.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "Eh V\\n1^ -Si\\nO u s\\nH si\\nM a\\nto o\\nQ 3-^\\n0) s\\nO\\nO o3\\nS^\\nW Q\\nJ*\\nQ la\\na g?^\\nog\\nEm 5\\no |l", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0355.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0356.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "Clearing Brushy Land, and Hoic the Jl\\\\vk is Done. ^j^^\\nS. S. McKibben, Eaiiham, Madison County, says:\\nReferring to your inquiry as to the experience I have had with\\nclearing off brush land by the use of Angora goats I would state, I\\nwas first attracted to the plan by reading a short article from the pen\\nof Dr. J. R. Standley of Platteville, Iowa, and I later visited his farm\\nand saw the wonderful work he had accomplished. Ipurchased a few\\nat first and satisfied myself that they would do all that was claimed for\\nthem and I then determined to engage in the business of raising the\\nAngora as a farm animal, for profit, and dealing in them generally. I\\nbegan this business in 1897-98, and have imported from Texas and sold\\nto other farmers in this State no less than five thousand head of these\\nanimals. I have thoroughly removed all the brush on my farm, and have\\nhad to secure other places to hold goats that I have received during the\\npast year. The Angora goat is, in my judgment, one of the most profi-\\ntable animals the farmers of any country can keep where they are troub-\\nled with either weeds or brush. They will eat, and do well, on any of\\nthe brush that grows in Iowa, such as sumac, hazel, buck-brush, elder,\\ndog-wood, etc., but they do not take to the hickory very well; yet,\\nif confined for some time they will remove this, too.\\nOne hundred goats to forty acres of brush land will be quite enough\\nto use. and they will kill it out in two years. The manure which these\\nanimals will drop, and distribute, over the land is really worth more\\nthan the little feed that is necessary to throw them in the winter time,\\nto sa} nothing of the improved grazing character of the land, which will\\nbe made into a most perfect blue grass pasture in our section of the\\nState.\\nCapt. T- ^lurray Hoag, of Maquoketa, Iowa, says\\nI find the Angora goat a veritable gold mine as a brush extermi-\\nnator. They not only clear the ground of brush and weeds but enrich\\nit evenly as they work, thus giving the blue grass, natural to our soil,\\na chance to grow luxuriantly. As money makers sheep are not in it with\\nthe Angora. They not only live but thrive upon that which we consider\\nof no value. They are free from the many diseases common to sheep.\\nDogs soon learn to keep their distance. Their hair as a textile fabric\\nranks next to silk, and lastly they are pleasant to handle and an adorn-\\nment to the farm. You are I think, right in recommending good grade\\ndoes and full blood rams for the average buyer, as pure bred does are al-\\nmost beyond the reach of conservative men. By this combination\\ngood shearing goats are the immediate result and a prize flock yours\\nin the near future. I am buying some high priced Angoras in both\\nCalifornia and Texas, to say nothing of an importation I am making\\nfrom South Africa, as my plan is to have representated in my flocks the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0357.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "S^6 A Nczv Industry.\\nbest obtainable strains, at same time I would consider it a slow business-\\nbut for the grade Angoras I have and am getting in considerable num-\\nbers.\\nSell all the grade Angoras you can and the day is not far distant\\nwhen your patrons will reap their reward and thank you for directing\\nthem aright.\\nMr. J. C. Morton, Indianola, Iowa, says\\nI got my goats mainly to clear brushy land and they have done it\\nto my entire satisfaction. Not less than five goats to one acre of land is\\nrequired to clean it up properly, unless the brush is very thin. They\\nwill kill all kinds of brush they can reach.\\nIt is only necessary to confine them on the land you want to clear\\nand they will do the rest of the work.\\nMr. A. R. Tate, Wintersett, Iowa, says\\nGoats are being very extensively used for clearing land in Iowa.\\nThe way I do it is to cut down the timber and let it sprout for a\\ncouple of years. They seem to kill it much faster thin if the sprouts\\nare close to the stump. They will kill hazel better if you do not cut it\\ndown.\\nMessrs. Morgan Morgan, Clay, Iowa, say:\\nAngora goats are being used very largely in our State for clearing-\\nbrush land. Our experience has been entirely satisfactory excepting\\nwith black hickory.\\nLarge trees may be cut down and the goats will keep the sprouts\\nfrom ever growing and will finally kill the root.\\nMr. I. J. Booth, Cresco, Iowa, says\\nT have only handled goats a short tinje but am well pleased with the\\nway they clean up brush and weeds. As to brush they beat the world.\\nThey take any and all kinds, oak, cherry, baswood, hickory, elm; in\\nfact every green thing including weeds of all kind, except it may be the\\nmullin. They will eat the thistle. My Avood lot is as clean as a road\\nfrom both brush and weeds, and with clover to their knees. It requires\\ncattle with them to eat the grass. Horses love to eat around them.\\nHundreds of people have visited my ranch to see how they can clear\\nbrush land. Just cut down any large trees and they will do the balance\\nof the work without any urging. If I were a younger man I would make\\nthe Angora business a specialty.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0358.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "o\\nw\\no\\no\\nffl s\\nQ\\nH\\nK S\\nQ Hrt\\n1-1 O\\nW =35\\no SS\\nQ pi s\\na 5\\n5", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0359.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0360.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "Cicoriiig Bnisliy Land, and Hozc the Work is Done. jjp-\\nHon. Thcs. H. Tongue, Hillsbcro, Oregon, says\\nYes, goats are going to be used very extensively, for eleaning\\nbrush land in this State. I have some for this purpose, otherwise, I think\\nI would prefer sheep. ]My experience in this matter has been very sat-\\nisfactory and I am, now, not only keeping all the goats I raise, but pur-\\nchase whenever I can find a suitable opportunity. There are, however, very\\nfew goats for sale, and those who have them are learning to use them in\\ncleaning land, very profitably. Some years ago, I had slashed off land,\\nburned the underbrush when dry in the fall, seeded with grass, but it had\\ngrown up in a few years and soon became valueless. I finally hit upon\\nthe plan of using goats. ]My practice is lo cut all the brush in the spring\\nor summer, run fire through it, and burn it up when dry in the fall,\\nthen seed with grass, and the next spring begin to pasture goats to\\nkeep down the leaves and sprouts of the brush. About two or three\\nyears in this way succeeds pretty well m killing all the growth. In\\nthe meantime, the grass becomes well set and furnishes good pasture until\\nthe stumps are rotted out sufficiently for the plow. It is difficult to\\nsay how many goats are required, more the first year than after. It de-\\npends upon the thickness of the growth. Our undergrowth consists of\\nhazel, fine maple oak and other small shrubbery. If this is very thick\\nfor the first year it would perhaps take three or four goats per acre, but\\nfor ordinary brush land, two to three goats per acre seems sufficient. I\\nhave now in the vicinity of 100 acres where the brush has been pretty\\nwell killed by this process. The stumps are nearly ro^^ted out, and in\\na very short time it will be ready for the plow. I have about 300 acres-\\nmore that I am preparing to treat in like manner. The benefit that the\\ngoats do in this particular far more than compensates for the care,\\nfeed and keeping. In my judgment, the fleece and increase is clean\\nprofit.\\nMr. N. Woodword. Dallas, Oregon, says\\nI first cut down the brush land and large trees, and then let the\\ngoats run on them until there is no more sprouting, and I then take\\nthem ofT until they all sprout again, and get about two weeks growth,\\nand I put the goats back again; and I keep this up until everything is\\ndead. It usually takes two or three years to kill it out. and about the\\nsame time for the stumps and roots to rot out. Our land is covered with\\nfir and oak. The oak trees are small, about the size of good fire w ood,\\nfrom 2y2 to 12 inches in diameter, and from 25 to 30 feet high. There is\\nno kind of brush in Oregon but what a goat will eat.\\nMr. O. Dowell, Florence, Oregon, says\\nMy goats will eat all kinds of brush that grows here except the\\nalder. We have great A ariety of brush, including seven or eight kinds", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0361.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "j6o A Ak- zv Iiidiislry.\\nof evergreens. I am clearing up brush in bottom land. I slash the\\ntrush and trees, then I burn the brush and immediately sow it to grass.\\nIn this climate it will make a good pasture nearly all winter. After it\\nis up four or five inches, I turn my cattle, hogs, and goats in, and the\\ngoats keep down the sprouts. Goats will kill brush that has not been\\nslashed, if they are confined on it long enough. I think it will take\\nfifteen or twenty goats to kill one acre of heavy brush, such as grows\\nhere. Some of it is so thick that a man can not walk through it.\\nMr. D. A. Walker, Carlton, Oregon, says\\nGoats will e. ^t all kinds of brush in this country, but poison oak\\nand mountain laurel.\\nMr. Geo. A. Houck, Eugene, Oregon, savs\\nAs for clearing brush, the Angora is a profitable investment here,\\neven at ten cents for mohair, as he makes more land every year, and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2our coast mountains are capable of supporting at a low estimate five\\nmillions of goats, there being a country ten miles wide, and three hun-\\ndred miles long, that is practically unsettled along the west side of Ore-\\ngon, and is excellent feed for goats. The way I clear brush, I slash\\ngrubs, about twenty inches high in winter, making feed for the goats:\\nthen when the sprouts come out in the summer, they keep it down, and\\nwill kill oak in two seasons if kept on the pasture all the time.\\nMr. A. Blackburn, N. Yamhill, Oregon, sa3 S\\nNine-tenths of the goats owned in this State are used for cleaning\\nup brushy land. We cut down all they can not reach the tops of. They\\nwill destroy hazel, ash, and willow, in a year; and oak in three years.\\nI know of no brush that they will not cat. From one to three goats\\nto the acre, according to the quantity of brush, is the usual number em-\\nployed in the work.\\nMr. J. H. Hawley, Monmouth, Oregon, says\\nGoats are used extensively for clearing brush. They are used ex-\\nclusively for clearing brush land in this S ate. The usual way is to give\\nthem access to the pasture, and the brush will disappear in proportion\\nto the number of goats used.\\ni.Ir. Frank H. i^ogers, Gardiner, Oregon, says\\nI have found the Angora invaluable in the matter of clearing up\\nbrushy and fern lands. In this locality they feed mostly, or browse,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0on sallall, thimbleberry, salmonberry, elders and fern, the latter being\\nthe great drawback to upland pasture land, as it grows so rapidly and", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0362.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "Clearing Brushy Land, and Hoi^ tlic Work is Done. j6r\\nthick as to shade out all other growths. Goats will peel the elder trees,\\nsome, in winter time, not exceeding four inches in diameter; all wil-\\nlows; and all elders; some cherry trees (wild); but they do the best good\\ntlestroying the j-oung sprouts of brush each season; the young fern as\\nit comes up in the spring; and the buds; and bull thistles; and other obnox-\\nious weeds. Cattle do not object to running in the same pasture with\\ngoats, and I regard them a great advantage for they remove a great\\nmany weeds that are objectionable to cattle and a great eye-sore to the\\nowner of the land.\\nMr. janies ^McDonald, Morrison, Oregon, says:\\nGoats are er\\\\ fond of any kind of sprouts from the stump of the\\ntrees that are cut down. We have the oak, fine maple, cherry, and\\nhazel. We cut it down when it is in full leaf, and in the fall we set fire\\nto it. and the goats do the rest.\\nMr. W. D. Claggett, Salem, Oregon, says\\nGoats are very extensively used for cleaning brush land in our\\nState. They will eat nearly anything that grows here and we think\\nthey are a most profitable animal, much more so than sheep.\\nPeople are just beginning to find out the value of the goat for rid-\\nding the farm of brush and weeds. The way I clear brush land is as\\nfollows:\\nThe valleys and foot-hills are covered with brush, principally oak-\\ngrubs, spotted with ferns and small citus. The land is first fenced,\\nthe brush and timber cut down, and burned, and then goats are tttrned\\ninto the pasture, wdiich are kept there until all stumps and small brush is\\ndead. It requires from two to four years to kill oak grubs and from one\\nto three goats to the acre to keep sprouts down. They will certainly\\nexterminate all kinds of brush and are the dead medicine on all kinds\\nof thistles. I will venture to say I can turn my goats into the worst\\npatch of Canada thistle that grows, and they will exterminate them.\\nThey will never go to seed. The first thing the goat does is to take\\nout the bloom.\\nAir. Scott Obye, N. Yanihill, Oregon, says:\\nGoats are extensively used for clearing brush in this State. The\\nnumber that it requires for one acre depends altogether on the charac-\\nter of the brush. The brush should first be slashed and then dried and\\nburned, and when the sprouts begin to grow, put the goats on the land,\\nand they will keep it eaten down, and will clear it in three years: and in\\nmost cases a fine stand of grass, for goats are excellent fertilizers, as\\nwell as land cleaners. Other stock make no objection to pasturing with\\nthem. In ordinary browsing, two goats to the acre is enough.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0363.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "j62 A A^czv Industry.\\nMr. Oscar Tom, Angora, Oregon, says:\\nLarge timber and brush is slashed, or cut down in winter, or spring,\\nburned when dry, sown to grass, and the goats keep the sprouts down.\\nWhere there is trash on the ground and small brush, and fire will run,\\nit is burned over, and then sown down with grass, and the goats are then\\nturned in, and they will tramp the soil, set the grass seed and keep the\\nbrush from sprouting again, or as we call it, they will grub the land.\\nW liere there is much fern and one can get a burn occasionally it is best\\nto burn early in the spring. It .does not hurt the grass roots much,\\nand it inakes better range for the following winter.\\nGoats will eat all kinds of brush that grows here, and all kinds of\\nweeds except the nettle, and I never sav a goat that would eat these.\\nThey are especially fond of thistle. They eat the blooms as fast as\\nthey appear, and wnll keep them down provided there are not too many\\nfor the number of goats.\\nMr. E. R. Williams, Redding, Cal., says\\nM girdle my large trees and cut the small ones down, and the goats\\ndo the balance.\\nWe have nearly every kind of brush that you can mention.\\nMessrs. Conklin Bros., Newville, Cal., say\\nGoati will destroy any kind of brush they can reach the top of,\\nand will keep large trees from growing when once cut down. They wnll\\nnot let sprouts grow if confined.\\nMr. EL Maze, Upper i^ake, Cal., says\\nThe best way to destroy brush on land is to burn off the forest\\nby cutting down some of the small brush and placing it around the\\nlarger trees. Every bush and tree that -s killed by the fire will produce\\n-a new grov/th wdrich makes the best goat feed, and they will keep it\\ndown so close that in a few years will kill the roots, and your land is\\n-cleared of brush.\\nMr. J. M. Wimmer, Millville, Cal., says:\\nThe way to make goats effective in killing trees, or bushes, is to\\n-cut the trees and bushes down, and when the stumps sprout turn the\\ngoats in and they eaf the sprouts oft This, if followed up for two or\\nthree years, will kill the stumps.\\nF. G. Smith, Skaggs Springs, Cal., says\\nSome years ago, I moved into the mountains on a tract of land\\nwhose chief value consisted in the red wood and tan oak timber, which,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2on account of the distance to market it for firewood, is of no value,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0364.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0365.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0366.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "Clearing Bnisliy Land, and Ho:c the JVork is Done. j6^\\nand acres of dense growth of various kinds of brush. Aside from a range\\nfor hogs, there was not grazing land enough to keep 100 sheep. After\\ncasting about what use to make of the brush, I finally decided to try a\\nsmall bunch of goats. I heard of a man who had a small lot to sell, and\\nfrom him I bought sixty head of does at $1.50. They were about one-\\nhalf io three-quarter Angoras.\\n.-Vs *o clearing the land, I have not made a special object of the\\nmatter of enclosing a certain tract of land with that end in view. I\\ncan only speak in a general way. At the time I bought my start in\\ngoats, we built a shed and enclosed about twenty acres of land on a small\\nstream. Near the waters, stand large red wood trees, a narrow fringe,\\noutside of this were a variety of shrubbery, and saplings, with patches of\\ngrass growing between. The brush growth consisted of hazel, buckeye,\\npin oak, manzanita, and mountain laurel (termed pepper wood), black\\noak and madrone saplings. The goats were confined here until we though^-\\nthey were used to their new location. How long I do not remember:\\nlong enough, however, until they had stripped the leaves ofif every thing\\nwitiiin reach. They seemed to take kindly to everything except the\\nlaurel and poison ivy (or poison oak as it is called in Calitornia). Th..s\\nlatter vine or shrub is eaten by horses and hogs, but goats seem to be\\nndii\u00c2\u00a5erent to it. The hazel and buckeye seemed their first choice; these\\nwere stripped in short order. Then they went after the smooth, thin\\nbark of the madrone saplings. These were girdled as high as they could\\nreach. Oak and maple brush was also acceptable. The following winter\\nthe saplings were cut down, also the tall brush, the tops of which were\\nbeyond the reach of the goats, and thrown into piles, ready for burning\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0when they got dry; the stumps and stubble of course remained standing.\\nThe following spring this enclosure, which contained also an acre or\\ntwo of good grazing land, was used as a kid pasture; in June, when ihe\\nkids were about two months old, they were turned out with the does\\nto shift for themselves. After that the buck and a small bunch of does\\nwere l;e]it up until November. The result was that there were but few\\nsprouts left on the stumps, and the same process was repeated several\\nseasons, or until we moved the corrals to another- part of the ranch. The\\nthird year the hazel had entirely disappeared, also the small-fry of other\\nbrush. The stumps of the saplings, and small trees were dead and\\ndecaying. Three years ago, we had about ten acres of land cleared for\\ngrazing purposes. The trees, a young growth of black oak and a\\nspringling of madrone, were cut down in windrows to facilitate burning\\nlater on. The stumps of both of these species of trees are, if left to\\nthemselves, the most persistent sprouters imaginable, and the land would\\nhave been covered in a few years, with an almost impenetrable mass of\\nbrush and saplings. The land was not fenced, but being on a high ridge,\\nit was a favorite stamping ground for the goats. They roam over it", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0367.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "jdd A Nczv Industry.\\nnearly every day. The stumps are standing, but not a sprout is to be\\nseen on any of them. I know a man who had a very brushy tract of\\niOO acres or more; he turned about thirty head of goats on it. and, of\\ncourse, they failed to clear it, as the area was out of all proportion to\\nthe number of animals. Where goats are to be utilized for such a\\npurpose it would be necessary to enclose a tract of land proportionate\\nto the number of animals at j our disposal.\\nWe have dense brush thickets, eight to ten feet high, composed\\nof pin-oak, grease-wood, manzanita, and a number of other species of\\nbrush wood. Nothing but hogs go through them. We open out such\\nplaces with fire. With favorable wind and weather, a fire started below\\nwill sweep up a mountain side in short order, leaving nothing but short\\nstubles behind. When the brush is not so thick it will run through\\nit and open it out for the goats. After that, if the territory is not too\\nlarge, the goats will keep open runways through it in all directions.\\nThis proceeding gives lots of browse. In speaking to my neighbor\\nabout this subject the other day, he mentioned a number of farmers in\\nthe valley who keep small bunches of common goats for meat. They\\nhave nice open pastiu es. while those of their adjoining neighbors who\\nkeep none, are overrun with brush and weeds. He also tells me that\\nhis goats keep down the mountain laurel, or pepper wood.\\nDr. Titttle, Tacoma, Wash.\\nConfine goats to brush land so that they cannot get out, and they\\nwill eat all the small brush that they can reach and will bark the smaller\\ntrees; and, if the larger ones are cut down, they will keep all sprouts from\\ngrowing so that the tree will soon die.\\nBticoda, Wash.\\nMy goats have been confined in a pasture this summer, and there\\nis fine maple, soft maple, alder and elder ash, dogwood, boxwood, willow,\\nhard hack, whitefire, redtire, cedar, all of which they eat freely of.\\nThey have the fir and cedar girdled up as high as they can reach, and\\nabout tvv O and a half inches inches in diameter; the wjllow and other\\nhard woods up to about four inches in diameter and about five feet\\nhigh. They are sure death to all small brush, weeds, and thistles (com-\\nmon bull thistle).\\nMr. R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kansas, says\\nMy experience in handling the Angora goat during the past nine\\nmonths has been that, those who purchased them wanted them for clear-\\ning up their pastures and brush land, more than for anything else. My\\npersonal experience in clearing- up land has been very satisfactory. They\\nwill eat the leaves of every bush that grows in Kansas, and are the only", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0368.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "Clearing Bntsliy Laud, and Hozv the JVork is Done. 7,6j\\nanimal tliat will eat and kill out buck biush, a bush that grows two or\\nthree feet high, and bears a small berry in the fall. It has runners Hke\\nthe strawberry. The birds distribute, and stock scatter the seed by\\nwalking through it, and the result is it is ruining many of our finest pas-\\ntures.\\nThe Angora will eat all weeds that grow in the State as well. Our\\npeople are just beginning to realize their great value in converting worth-\\nless products of the farm into gold; utilizing that which every farmer\\nmust labor and spend money to get rid of.\\nI have found quite a large demand for them from the farmers in\\nMissouri, Arkansas and Iowa, for the same purpose as we are using them\\nfor. They will bark some bush, like sumac, crab apple, etc. I expect\\nto see a very large industry developed in this, and neighboring States,\\nin this valuable animal.\\nThey can be made to return a much greater revenue from mohair,\\nand the sale of their meat, than can possibly be made out of sheep. They\\nare much hardier, and longer lived; are free from disease; and will live\\nupon what a sheep, horse or cow will not touch. Their meat will bring very\\nnear the same price per pound, as the sheep. Indeed, I believe it will\\nsoon bring more, for it is superior, because it is a much healthier animal,\\nand their meat will soon be preferred to that of sheep. I have gone\\nfar enough wth the Angora to feel quite confident, that it will be a very\\npopular class of stock with farmers, and I shall not be surprised if it\\ndoes not displace the sheep in many cases.\\nMr. A. Lippincutt, Sheridan, Mo., says:\\nGoats are used altogether for cleaning up brushy land. I couldn t\\nsay exactly the number of head required to the acre. They eat all kinds\\nof brush that grows here, except hickory or walnut. They are death\\non weeds. Blue grass has no attraction for them. They will peel trees\\nlive and six feet high.\\nMr. Wm. J. Seever, Secretary Missouri Historical Society,\\nvSt. Louis, Mo., says\\nI have travelled considerable through the Ozark (hill) region of\\nMissouri, a country that, when the timber is removed, will grow a crop\\nof sprouts and underbrush through which a dog can hardly travel. On\\na number of such tracts of land, where small flocks of goats were kept,\\n1 could not help but notice the efTects of their work. They will absolutely\\nclean it of everything that they can defoliate, large saplings included..\\nBeing the owner of a tract of just such land which was costing me\\n$6 to $10 per acre to clean up, I concluded to try the goats. My exper-\\nience has been of but six months duration, but I am satisfied they are\\ninvaluable on a well-fenced farm, and will more than repay their cost", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0369.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "j68 A Nczv Industry.\\nand keep, if kept only for this purpose. I have but a few head, mostly\\ngrades, and, on my farm, I have never seen one graze. They are also\\ninveterate weed destroyers, and the only animal I know of that will eat\\nthe Canada thistle clear to the roots, a weed pest which most States\\nlegislate against, which no four-footed animal will touch, and the two-\\nfooted one likewise, unless compelled to.\\nIn this brush country, the defoliage of the larger growth by goats\\nis interesting and goat sense clearly applied. I have seen, time and\\nagain, two, three or four animals, bear down with their weight young\\ntrees that a single animal could not bend, hold the tree in position until\\nevery leaf was eaten oft. This repeated once or twice would kill it.\\nCertain species will be barked as high as can be reached.\\nMr. C. D. Tiithill, Tuthill, Minn., says\\nGoals are not, as yet, used to any great extent for killing out brush\\nin Minnesota, but they should be. Brushy land can be cleaned cheaper\\nwith them than by any other means, and it is immaterial what kind of\\nbrush it is.\\nMr. A. G. Wilcox, Hugo, Minn., says\\nGoats have not been used much in our State for clearing land,\\nbut they certainly ought to be.\\nWhen I first got goats I had fences that were all right for sheep\\nand pigs, but the goats would go through somehow, and were some\\ntrouble until I put up a woven wire (Lamb s) of the Page type, and\\nthat was all right. No trouble since.\\nI enclosed twelve acres of open timber grown up to oak and hazel,\\nto a height of four to six feet. The shade was too dense in places to\\ngrow any grass, but there were some places where the grass was very\\nfine. The goats did not eat any grass, and I turned in horses enough\\nto pasture it down close. The goats began on the brush and gradually\\ncleaned it out, stripping ofif every leaf and twig, and leaving only bare\\npoles. By September 1st, the brush wa as dead, in appearance, as if\\na fire had swept through it, and I do not believe it will ever leaf out\\nagain.\\nA piece of about three acres which was eaten out by them last fall\\nis dead and the brush is already falling down and rotting.\\nThey will strip leaves off as high as they can reach on their hind\\nlegs.\\nI think they easily pay their way as brush eaters.\\nI want mp pastures cleared of brush but I leave my large trees\\nfor shade as there are only enough to make a fine open timber\\npasture.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0370.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "Clearing Brushy Land, and Hozv the Work is Done. j6p\\nAir. C. S. Horn Chicago, 111., says\\nAbout the first of the year (1899) I purchased an eighty-acre tract\\nof brush land and was in a quandary as to how to get rid of the\\nundergrowth and shrubs. In talking to some friends regarding the\\nmatter, the goat was suggested as being the best means, and I decided\\nto purchase a carload of them and put them to work. About May 1st,\\n1 received them, and am highly pleased with the result of the experi-\\nment. I believe they have done more for me than five men would have\\ndone in the same time, working ten hours a day. I certainly can recom-\\nmend them as being the surest and best remedy for rough, unbroken\\npastures. They are willing workers, will not strike on you for higher\\nwages, and will do excellent work. I shall probably want more goats\\nnext spring.\\nCol. J. Wash. Watts, Montville, S. C, says:\\nI never knew of the Angora goat being used for exterminating\\nbrush. I know they prefer to browse rather than to graze, and that\\nthey soon clear their pastures of briars, brush, and weeds, but we had\\ntoo few to depend on much work of this kind.\\nI have owned a good many, from time to time, but in changing\\nmy residence I let my son, John D. Watts, of Laurens, S. C, have my\\ngoats. Our trees are mostly oak and pine, which the goat cannot\\nbark, Init they clean up briars and brush, willows, and such small\\ntrees.\\nThere are so few kept in our State that very little is known of\\ntheir habits.\\nMessrs. Miller Sibley, Franklin, Pa., say:\\nFrom the experience we had with the Angora goat we found them\\n\\\\o be invaluable as brush exterminators. One hundred can do the\\nwork of six men.\\nThe ground should first be cleared, and the goats will do the rest\\nby keeping the sprouts from growing. We found thej would destroy\\neverything except poison laurel.\\nMr. Lafayette Holt, Bitrlington, N. C, says\\nGoats are not common in North Carolina. They can be made very\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0useful in clearing up brushy land. I do not know of any large lots.\\nI am well convinced they will clean up old farms and brushy land\\nin fine shape. The great objection I have to them is they will destroy\\nmy peach and fruit trees", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0371.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "jyo A New Industry.\\nMr. O. D. Hill, Kencialia, W. Va., says\\nGoats are not used for clearing up brush in this section, but I am\\nwell satisfied they will destroy anything in the shape of trees, bushes,\\nbriars or weeds, unless it may be poison ivy, and laurel.\\nMr. James A. Bill, Bill Hill P. O., Conn., says\\nI keep my goats (about 75) for the purpose of keeping down\\nbrush and weeds, principally, though I derive a considerable revenue\\nin selling males for breeding purposes. My experience has been that\\nthey are not at all particular as to what kind of brush they have to\\neat. They will take most anything that comes in their way. I have been\\nbreeding them for the past thirty years, and have found them the most\\nprofitable part of my farming.\\nWP^ST TEXAS. It may appear strange to many who have\\nalways pictured Texas as one vast stretch of prairie that trees\\nand brush thickets are becoming very dense in many portions\\nof the State, and, unless something is done to check the growth,\\nlarge sections will soon become worthless for grazing cattle.\\nThis is more particularly the case in the Southwest, beyond the\\nColorado River and, strange as it may seem, this growth has\\ntaken place in the last twenty-five years. I can very well remem-\\nber when it was possible to distinguish an animal as far as the\\neyesight could reach, in places that are now so thickly covered\\nwith mesquite, live oak shin oak, sumac, etc., that it is impossible\\neven to ride a horse through it.\\nThe explanation of this is doubtless due to the fencing of\\na country which was formerly open, and the home of the bufifalo\\nand other wild game to hunt which, the high prairie grass\\nwould have to be burned off every fall and winter. Travellers, too,\\nwould often set fire to the grass from their camp fires by acci-\\ndent, which would, sometimes, burn for weeks at a time, killing\\nall kinds of vegetation. This is, no doubt, the way that all tree\\nlife in this section of Texas had been destroyed which is now\\ncoming back, because the ranchmen are careful to guard against\\nfires getting started within their enclosed ranches.\\nThere has never been any attempt made toward removing\\nthis growth of brush, bvit it is quite evident the time is very\\nnear when some agency must be employed to do so, or many\\nof our finest cattle ranches will have to be abandoned.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0372.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "Clearing Brushy Land, and Hon flic Work is Done. j/z\\nMr. Wm. R. McKee, of Junction City, Kimble County,\\ntells me that he has some neighbors who have cleaned a consid-\\nerable amount of brush land such as shin oak, live oak, sumac,\\netc., by the aid of the goat, and that he had done so himself\\nwith a portion of the land he is now cultivating on the Llano\\nRiver. He says\\nCut down all brush and then turn in the goats and they will keep\\ndown the young sprouts. Let the goats remain on the ground one-half\\nthe day in the spring up to October 1st.\\nIt takes about seven goats to the ?cre.\\nMy neighbors, B. F. Pepper, and J. D. Armstrong (since deceased),\\nhave cleared considerable land in this way. They will exterminate\\neverything except the mesquite in two years time.\\nMr. B. L. Crouch, Pearsall, Texas, says:\\nThe black chapparell in this portion of the State is too stubborn\\nfor the goats to destroy to any extent though they will check its\\nspread. They are a success destroying the cockle-burr, in fields, and\\npastures.\\nIt is not unlikely if the black chapparell referred to by Mr.\\nCrouch was first cut down and burned, as is done in Oregon, it\\nwould greatly assist the goat in getting rid of the growth.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0373.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXVI.\\nHOW TO TELL THE AGE OP AN ANGORA GOAT.\\nThe age of an Angora goat may be learned, approximately^\\nby an examination of their teeth, which are thirty-two in number,,\\n(twenty-four grinders, and eight incissors)the same as with sheep.\\nThe eight incissors are located on the lower front jaw bone, six\\nof which are born with the animal, and two, (one on either end\\nof the set) a few months after birth. There are no teeth on the\\nupper front jaw.) The eight incissors are first called Milk\\nIcctJi, which disappear, and are replaced by a permanent set, as\\nthe animal advances in life.\\nThe first two, (the central and largest) become loose and are\\npushed out by two new teeth within a year or eighteen months\\nafter birth, when it is called a yearling or two tooth.\\nThe second two, (on either side of the first,) are next re-^\\nmoved in about two or two and one-half years, when the animal\\nis said to be a two-year-old.\\nThe third two, (on either side of the second, )when the ani-\\nmal is between three and three and half years of age, and then it\\nis called a three-year-old.\\nThe fourth two, (on either end of the whole set.) when the\\nanimal is four years old, and over, when it is called a full\\nmonth.\\nAfter this period, the age must be guessed at, and can only\\nbe conjectured through the general appearance of the animal,\\nthe character of the horns, and condition of the teeth. At the\\nage of four, the animal is supposed to be in its prime, after which\\nit will begin to descend in the scale of vitality, and as a\\nproducer of mohair, though the changes will be so slight as to be\\nhardly observable from year to year.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0374.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "Hoiv to Tell tJic Age of an Angora Goaf. 373\\nThe incissor teeth will sooner or later begin to wear on top,\\nand will grachially wear away until they are mere stubbs, and\\nquite even with the gums of the mouth, which, ordinarily, takes\\nplace about ten to twelve years of age, when they are called\\ntoothless. This wearing process, however, is governed\\nby the character of food the animal has to eat.\\nIf it has very little sand, or grit, the teeth\\nwill probably remain sound for a much longer time.\\nFifteen and sixteen years, is not an uncommon age for goats to\\nkeep their teeth in fairly good shape and if they have clean,\\nsoft, food to eat there is no reason why they should not remain\\neven longer than this. Many instances of twenty, and twenty-\\ntwo years are known.\\nThe general appearance of the incissor teeth are about the\\nsame in all goats, but are smaller in some than others and.\\nthe two end teeth, are sometimes very small indeed.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0375.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXVII.\\nHOW TO FEED ANGORA GOATS FOR MARKET.\\nThe Angora is a quick feeder, and will take on more flesh\\nthan a sheep in the same length of time. The best age to feed\\nis after they have reached maturity, or between four and six, al-\\nthough they will fatten easily at any age. They take to any\\nkind of grain almost as soon as they are placed in the feed-lot\\nand will, consequently shrink very little, owing to their changed\\ncondition of life.\\nTwo bushels of corn, with as much clean timothy, or clover,\\nhay as they want, ought to put them in prime shape, fed in six-\\nty days. Corn should be fed lightly at first, say one quarter to\\none-half, pound for the first few days and gradually increased for\\na week or ten days when they should have all they can eat.\\nWhen corn is fed on the cob, the cob should be broken in two, or\\nmore pieces. Wheat screenings makes a very fine feed. Indeed,\\nthe Angora will do well on any kind of grain. They\\nshould have free access to water, and hay and a shelter to go in\\nand out at will. If they are troubled with lice they shoud be dip-\\nped, (see Lice on Goats as the continued itching interferes with\\ntheir feeding properly. The following letter from Mr. Jas. R.\\nHamilton of San Angelo, Texas, who has perhaps fed and shipped\\nmore sheep and Angora goats than any single shipper in the State\\nof Texas during the past ten years, will give his views about\\nCotton Seed Meal and Hulls as a fattening feed\\nSan Angelo. Texas, Nov. 25th, 1899.\\nWm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir Answering your favor of 19th, in regard to feeding goats\\nwill say, I consider cotton seed meal and hulls the best feed for goats,\\nor mutton either. I think the winter time is the best time to feed and", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0376.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "Hoiv Fed for Market. jy\u00c2\u00a7\\nthe animals should be put on feed before they shrink too much with cold\\nweather and bad range. If in fair flesh when put on feed, sixty to seven-\\nty days will finish them. If fat they will always sell on the market\\nabout fifty cents per hundred lower than fat sheep. You should begin\\nto feed about one quarter of a pound of meal to three of hulls and in-\\ncrease the ratio of meal, proportionally, for fifteen days, at that time,\\nwould aim to have the ratio of meal about one pound to two and a half\\nof hulls per day per head.\\nYours truly,\\nJ. R. HAMILTON.\\nMr. S. S. McKibbin of Earlham, Madison County, Iowa,\\nwrites as follows\\nI have fed the Angora goat wether for market and was agreeably\\nsurprised at the rapidity with which they can be fattened. If they are\\nreceived in the spring, and are allowed to run on our hazel thickets until\\nfall, it will take but very little corn to finish them. If taken direct from\\nthe range it is best to start in slow and gradually increase the feed. I\\nstarted with one-half pound corn to the ration and gradually increased\\nthis until I gave them free access to the feed and I think two pounds a\\nday is all that a goat will require. They can be made ready for market\\nin sixty days. I had a plain straw shed in the lot for shelter, and a stack\\nof hay and oat straw for them to go to at will.\\nMr. R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kansas, says\\nI fed and fattened 500 wethers last fall and am feeding 500 more\\nnow (April, 1900). I have been surprised to see how easily and rapid-\\nly they can be fattened on corn. I feed shelled corn and wheat straw.\\nThey fatten in one-third less time than sheep and my exeperience has\\nbeen so satisfactory I intend feeding goats hereafter for the profit in\\nfeeding.\\nAir. T}son of Blair, Nebraska, in a letter to Mr. A. L. Johns\\nof Chicago, which may be read under Chapter XV. on Angora\\nA enison, says\\nThat his profits had been fully as great taking into consideration\\nthe money invested, as he ever made in feeding sheep.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0377.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXVIII.\\nDISEASES OF THE ANGORA GOAT.\\nIf there is any one feature, above another, that should com-\\nmend the Angora goat to the American farmer, it is his complete\\nimmunity from disease. They have been handled in the United\\nStates for over fifty years, in the North, South, East and West,\\nwith the same uniform exemption from sickness, a record that\\nno other kind of live stock can boast of in this, or any other coun-\\ntry.\\nIn South Africa they are subject to both scab and pleuro-\\npneumonia, or a contagious lung-sickness, supposed to have\\nbeen communicated to their goats by some imported stock dur-\\ning the latter part of 1880 and, although prompt measures were\\nused to check the spread of the disease it had so good a start, it\\nwas impossible to stop it until a large number of the animals had\\ndied, or were slaughtered, estimated to have been 38,200 head\\nReferring to this unfortunate affair Mr. Schreiner says\\nPleuro-piieumonia is indigenous lo Asia Minor, being most com-\\nmon and dangerous in low-lying ancJ damp situations. It does not\\nexist always in a severe form, but at times it assumes an epidemic charac-\\nter, and a most virulent and deadly form sweeping the Angoras off by\\nhundreds of thousands. There is no record of it having appeared out\\nof the country to which it is indigenous, except in the outbreak in\\nthe Cape Colony. On its appearance here it was quite unknown to vet-\\nerinary science, so Mr. Hutcheon had to break new ground. It is a con-\\ntagious disease, closely analogous to pluero-pneumonia in horned cattle;\\nand if it had not been promptly stamped/^out. would have obtained a gen-\\neral hold on the Angoras of this country, and have needed ceaseless\\ncombating, just as lung sickness in cattle does. In time, like other dis-\\neases which are so deadly on their first introduction to a new country,\\nit would probably have assumed a milder form; but it needs no argu-\\nment to prove that Mr. Hutcheon did the country an iu -stimable ser-\\nvice in eradicating it at onCe.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0378.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "Diseases of flic Angora Goat. ^yr\\nThe disease in the Colony was in a most virulent form; every goat\\nin every flock in which it appeared was attacked, and the mortality\\nrunning sometimes as high as eighty per cent. The death rate was high-\\nest among those first attacked in any flock, probably because they were\\npeculiarly susceptible, and lowest among those last attacqed. It is a dis-\\nease conveyed by direct contagion and not an infectious one. The\\ngerms are not conveyed great distances by the wind. The course it\\nruns may be divided into two periods: First, a period of incubation,\\nor latency, from seven to ten days; second, in full strength, from ten to-\\nthirteen days, the exact course depending on the susceptibility of the\\nanimal.\\nIt is remarkable how long the disease was latent in the imported\\ngoats. Some of them were observed to have it when the consignment\\nleft Constantinople in the last of October. It did not break out during\\nthe voyage, nor was it, in the first instance, observed among the imported\\ngoats in the Colony. In both outbreaks it appeared among Colonial\\nflocks as soon as the imported goats were put to them, at Mount Stew-\\nart, at the end of December, and in Bedford a month later, two and three\\nmonths after the shipment left Turkey. The fact that it did not break-\\nout during the voyage and until Colonial flocks became infected, may\\nperhaps be accounted for on the supposition that some of the imported\\ngoats having had the disease in Turkey, retained diseased lungs, as is\\nsometimes the case with horned cattle here, that have recovered from\\nlung sickness and yet are capable of infecting healfehy cattle, because\\ntheir lungs remain more or less locally injured and diseased for a long\\ntime. With regard to others, it would seem that they had either had\\ntlie disease and recovered, or that coming from a country where it is al-\\nways prevalent, to some extent, often in mild form, they were not very\\nsusceptible. If the report be true that, after the INIount Stewart out-\\nbreak, several of ]Mr. Evans imported rams,* which had, so far, been\\nhealthy, contracted the disease and died, the above supposition would\\nseem to have strong support; it would seem to prove that such animals\\nhad somehow secured an immunity in Turkey, but that the disease\\nhaving been conveyed to the Cape flocks had acquired a virulency sc\\npotent that the immunity they had hitherto enjoyed was not capable-\\nof being sustained. But, whatever the explanation, it is certain that these\\ngoats brought the disease from Turkey. South Africa should guard\\nitself well against its reintroducton. See Schreiner, pp. \u00e2\u0096\u00a0223- 2 24.\\nIt is quite possible, as Mr. Schreiner says, that, the Turkish\\ngoats carried the disease to Cape Colony, but it would be very\\nhard to convince an American jury to think so from the explan-\\n*It is difficult to say whether this is intended to refer to a goat or a\\nsheep, which is a good illustration of the importance of using the tenuL-.\\nbuck for male and doe for female goats.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0379.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "j/8 A Nezv Industi v.\\nation that he makes. It is to be hoped they may never have\\nany more such trouble but it would be weH for American breed-\\ners to keep both Turkish and Cape Colony goats in cjuarantine\\nfor a reasonable time after arrival if they should import any, in\\norder to be certain they are entirely free from both pleuro-pneu-\\nmonia, scab and Asiatic mange, all of which diseases they seem\\nto be liable to. Whatever the cause may be, the United vStates is\\ncertainly favored over all other nations in breeding Angoras for,\\nwith the exception of a few minor complaints, not a single breed-\\ner in any of the States, has ever discovered any sickness among\\nthem.\\nSCAB.\\nThis very troublesome disease seems to be natural with\\nsheep, but the insect that produces it will not live on a goat. T\\nliave kept Angoras in a flock of sheep that were infected with\\nscab, for weeks at a time, and have never seen the slightest in-\\ndication of the disease on any of them, and have never heard of\\na breeder who has known of their having it.\\nMr. Schreiner says\\nThe Boer goats are subject to a very virulent kind oE scab, pro-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2duced by a different acarus to that which affects Angoras. In the early\\ndays, when it was not understood how to cope with scab, and when there\\nwere no dipping tanks, it was not uncommon in a severe drought, for\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2whole flocks to be exterminated by this disease. See Schreiner page 174.\\nAsiatic scab is said to have been brought to this country by\\nan importation made by Mr. Eutichedes in 1870. Referring to\\nit in a pamphlet published in 1872 by Maj. Wm. E. Sweet, assis-\\nted by Mr. Wm. M. Landrum, the latter gentleman says\\nMr. Eutichedes did not know anything about the disease until\\nliis goats were found dying off at a fearful rate with it. He wrote to\\nAsia for a remedy and was advised to use sulphur and lime, in a hot bath,\\nl)ut ii: failed to effect a cure. I gave him a remedy. Tobacco, and cor-\\nrosive sublimate. I have heard of but twelve dying since, which were\\ntoo far gone to recover.\\nRegarding the remedv Mr. Landrum savs\\n(100) One hundred pounds of strong tobacco, (400) four hundred\\n:gal!ons of water, (10) ten ounces corrosive sublimate dissolved in double", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0380.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "Diseases of the Angora Goat. J7P\\nt!ic ([uantity of sal anioniac. with warm water, or a tobacco decoction\\nand mix tlie whole before dipping. Pulverize the medicine frst. as ii\\ndissolves faster. The dip should be warm when used.\\nAnd he adds\\nWe may never be troubled again. There arc several remedies\\nthat will cure the scab if taken in time. In fact, most of the remedies\\nused for scab in sheep will cure the mange, or scab in goats if applied\\nstrong enough. Tar and grease is good but the remedy is rather ex-\\npensive and tedious. Tobacco and corrosive sublimate is cheapest\\nand most effective, and will never hurt the goat unless he gets strangled\\nby plunging and swallows too much of the. decoction. Too much sub-\\nlimate will produce irritation and kill the goat. The parasite of the scab\\nin goats is a different parasite from that in sheep and does not readily\\nif ever, take hold of a sheep.\\nWORMS.\\nGoats are seldom troubled with worms internally, or in the\\nnose, as sheep are; but, like all other animals in the South, are\\nsubject to have an attack from the scrczv-zvorm, if they are in-\\njured in a manner that will cause blood to flow. At shearing-\\ntime this is common, unless the shearers are careful not to cut\\nthe skin.\\nThese worms are produced from an egg, deposited on the\\ncut, by a large, green fly, called a blozu-fly, which prevails only in\\nhot weather, and are especially troublesome in Texas.\\nChloroform is a cjuick, and effective remedy, and calomel is.\\nalso but, these are more expensive than carbolic ointment.\\n\\\\vliich is more commonly used, as well as some of the prepared\\n^heep-dips, for curing scab, particularly Cannon s Dip, which\\nwill destroy them very promptly.\\nTape Zi oniis are occasionally found, though very seldom,\\nif the animals are kept in a thriving condition. Turpentine ad-\\nministered in half ounce doses upon an empty stomach will be\\nfound effective. Regular salting, with plenty to eat will be found\\nthe best wav to prevent goats from having tape worms.\\nFOOT-ROT.\\nSome American l^reeders have reported that their goats are\\ntroubled with foot-rot, which is no doubt the case, if they have\\nbeen allowed to range on marshy land, but it is more than like-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0381.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "j8o A Nfzv Iiidustrv.\\nly most of the cases are only sore feet produced from wading in\\nwater, or walking over damp grass, caused either by rain or\\nheavy dew, which is quite common. This, however, will seldom\\nlast very long after the animal has been moved to a dry range.\\nThere is no doubt but that foot-rot will result from confin-\\ning the animals to a pasture that has very damp soil.\\nPoivdercd blue stone, after first trimming the hoof, will effect\\na cure or a solution of nitrate of silver. Fine tar is also a very\\ngood remedy.\\nSCOURS.\\nAre likewise mentioned by some breeders which is usually\\nthe result of something the animal has eaten, and can be corrected\\nby removing the flock to a different range. Or, if only a few\\ngoats are affected, by taking these out of the flock, and giving\\nthem dry feed for a few days.\\nPOVERTY IN WINTER.\\nPoverty is perhaps the most fruitful cause for much of the\\nso-called sickness that the American goats have. It is very un-\\nwise to permit goats to get very poor in flesh if it is at all possi-\\nble to avoid it, and a little money expended in grain, or cotton-\\nseed, will often return a very large profit by saving the lives of\\ngoats that would otherwise die for the want of sufficient nourish-\\nment during the winter.\\nDuring the winter of 1899 some alarm was created among\\na few Oregon breeders, caused by what seemed to be a new kind\\nof disease, and in referring to the matter the Oregon Agricul-\\nturist and Rural Northwest of Portland, says\\nA number of Angora goats have been received at the Oregon\\nExperiment Station this winter which were supposed to be attacked\\nby the disease reported in many localities last winter. Post mortem\\nexamination of these goats failed to disclose any new disease. One\\nof them was found to be wholly sound internally; another was affected\\nwith tape worm, while another had an affected liver. Dr. Withycombe\\nis inclined to the opinion that the mortality among the goats is for the\\nmost part due to no special disease, but a low condition of the system\\n:-at this time of the year which makes them easily succumb to various", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0382.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "Diseases of the Angora Goaf. ^8i\\ndiseases, colds, etc. He recommends as a preventive more care in\\nproviding food and shelter from the rains. The Experiment Station\\nwill, however, continue the investigation of the matter as thoroughly\\nas possible.\\nThe same paper adds:\\nDr. McLean, State Veterinarian, a few days ago visited Marion\\nCounty to ascertain what was the trouble with a flock of goats, one-\\nthird of which had died within a few days. He pronounced the trouble\\na dietic one resulting from improper and insufficient food and advised\\nthe changing of the goats to another pasture in which brush was abun-\\ndant. After the change, so far as heard from, no deaths occurred.\\nCHANGE OF CLIMATE.\\nSome cases of sickness, and death, have been occasioned by\\nmoving Angoras from the South to the North during the winter\\nmonths. This is not at aU unreasonable when we reflect upon\\nthe radical change that the animal is called upon to undergo.\\nMr. S. S. AIcKibbin of Earlham. Iowa, has had considerable ex-\\nperience in this respect, and says\\nI have never lost a goat when they were taken to Iowa in the spring\\nor summer, but have invariably lost more or less when they were re-\\nceived during cold weatther.\\nPILES\\nOr something of a like nature, will sometimes appear in\\ngoats, more particularlv on old ones, though it will occasionally\\nbe seen on young does. A good remedy is to tie a string, tight,\\naround the part exposed, and let it slough ofif. Or it might be\\ncut Qfif, and seared with a red hot iron, if it should bleed too\\nmuch.\\nABORTION.\\nGoats are rarely troubled with abortion unless they have\\neaten something that disagrees with them during the period\\nof gestation. A sudden change of weather, over-feeding, pastur-\\ning on frosty herbage, sudden alarm, or, being chased by a dog.\\nor wild animal, may produce abortion.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0383.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "^82 A Nciv Industry.\\nA goat is very fond of acorns, and when these are abundant\\nwill often gorge themselves with them which frequently causes\\nthem to abort.\\nA doe if regularly fed and watered, and kept well protected\\nfrom stormy weather will seldom miscarry.\\nPOISONING.\\nWill occur once in a while from eating some kind of weed,\\nor bush, but will rarely ever kill the animal.\\nA dose of castor oil, linseed oil or other purgative medi-\\ncine, will usually afford relief.\\nRattle snake bites are less frequent than one would suppose\\nthey would be in some sections of the United States. This will\\nalways cause great inflammation an^l will surely result in death\\nif an artery is cut but, when this is not the case, the animal will\\nrecover in a day or two.\\nThe most common remedy is to pick, or puncture, the swol-\\nlen part with some sharp pointed instrument, for which purpose\\nthe Mexican herders think the leaves of the Spanish dagger,\\n(a plant common to Southwest Texas and Mexico) is the best.\\nIf the bite is seared with a red-hot iron, or is burned- with\\na lighted match, or some other flame, in order to produce a blis-\\nter, it will have the effect to draw out the poison, and if this is\\nrepeated several times (always breaking the blister and washing\\nthe parts before making another) it will draw out all the virus\\ndeposited by the snake, but of course this remedy must be used\\nimmediately after the animal has been bitten, as otherwise the\\npoison will be too much chstributed through the system to be\\nwithdrawn by the action of the heat.\\nLICE ON GOATS.\\nThis can not properly be called a disease as it is not consti-\\ntutional, and is very similar to fleas on a dog, or lice on a chicken.\\nThey are easily seen and can be readily removed but. as a gen-\\neral thing the American breeders have paid but little attention\\nto the matter until quite recently, when a number have conclu-\\nded it is best to dip the animal in some kind of solution to re-\\nmove them.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0384.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "Diseases of the Angora Goat. ^8j\\nThe only evil effects resulting from lice is a continual itch-\\ning, which prompts the animal to scratch itself, with its horns,\\nno doubt causing more or less loss of hair, as well as to disar-\\nrange the fleece. If the animal is relieved of this annoy-\\nance it will naturally thrive better and, when it is intended\\nto be fed for market, a good dipping will certainly be worth much\\nmore than one-half the feed. Indeed it is very doubtful if a goat\\nwill ever be able to reach its best condition in flesh as long as\\nit is troubled with lice.\\nI sold a thousand head of young wethers to Mr. William\\nHatcher, an extensive feeder of sheep in Sycamore, Illinois, in\\n1898, that were not taking on fat as well as he thought they\\nshould, and, after running them through a dipping vat they im-\\nproved with remarkable rapidity.\\nThe kind of dip to use is altogether a matter of choice.\\n-Many of the sheep dips will kill lice but some are more expensive\\nthan others, and some very troublesome to prepare.\\nDr. J. R. Standley of Platteville, has always found arsenic\\nthe most practical remedy, which is said to remove lice so ef-\\nfectuall}- as to make it unnecessary to dip more than once in\\ntwo years. One pound of arsenic to sixteen gallons of water\\nare the proportions he recommends.\\nLime and sidphnr will kill them, but it is very liable to blind\\nthe goat.\\nTobacco and corrosive snhliniate has been recommended. (See\\nremedy under head of Scab).\\nThe carbolic dips will doubtless remove them as well.\\nIn South Africa the Cooper Dip, is almost the universal\\nremedy, which is composed largely of arsenic.\\nA great variety of these dips are on the American markets,\\nand it would certainly be wise for breeders of the Angora goat to\\nuse them. There is very little doubt in my opinion, but that\\nthe increased growth of fleece, which is always incident to an\\nimproved condition of the animal, will more than return the\\ncost of dipping, to say nothing of the more attractive appear-\\nance of the fleece, and the great relief that it will naturally afford\\nthe poor animal.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0385.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIX.\\nCARE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ANGORA GOx\\\\T\\npastures. If you are raising goats in an enclosed pasture\\nit is only necessary to see that your tencing is of a kind that will\\nkeep them within bounds, and that you have sufficient brush,\\nand water for them to subsist on.\\nA shed or house, to shelter them in, in bad weather, is a\\nnecessity in the Northern States but, in a warm climate this can\\nbe dispensed with, though it is better to provide something of-\\nthe kind there, as well for, a few cold rainy days will reduce the\\nflesh on a goat much more than twice the number of days of\\nstarvation will do; and, besides this, it is always well to have\\nshelter for them after shearing, and for the little kids during\\nthe kidding season. A very good way to economize on space in\\nmaking shelter for goats is to build platforms in the order of\\nsteps, sloping to the eves of the roof. The first step, or platform,\\nshould be three feet from the ground, which the goats will soon\\nlearn to jump; the remainder need only be one foot high, which\\nwill admit of three platforms, or steps, three feet wide, for a ten\\nfoot wide, shed, seven feet high, which, practically, gives nearly\\ntwice the capacity of the ground space. Goats are very fond\\nof a high place to sleep on, and they will all want the upper\\nberth.\\nSalt should be given at regular intervals, say once a week,\\nunless it is arranged so they can get it whenever they want it,\\nwhich is the better plan, and with a small number, is more eco-\\nnomical. Rock salt is very good, though I have always preferred\\nto use granulated.\\nWith these provisions, the instinct of the animal will guide\\nit better than you can the fleece will be heavier, and the animal\\nwill keep in much better condition than under herd. A goat is", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0386.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "PLATE XXXVI.\\nTHOROUGHBRED ANGORA KIDS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 AFTER WEANING.\\nBred aiul raised by Mr. Jno. S. Harris. Oakley, Idalio, from stock imported from Asia Minor in 1870.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0387.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0388.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "Care and Maiiagcinciif of tlic Angora Goat. ^8/\\nnaturally very domestic, and will soon become attached to home-\\nsurroundings and, if a shed is provided will seek it whenever\\nit is necessary, but unless it is a very bad night, they will prefer\\nto bed outside in the open air.\\nPasturing n itli other stock makes no difference whatever, and\\nis rather an advantage, as the goat will eat what a cow or horse\\nwill leave, and the removal of the brush, briars, and weeds, will\\nmake the pasturage much better. If there should be any hogs\\nin the enclosure they should be removed during the kidding per-\\niod, or they are liable to devour many of the young kids soon\\nafter birth, or during the first few weeks of their lives. They are\\nvery sleepy little things and will seek a shady spot and sleep for\\nhours at a time until they are two or three months old when they\\nwill begin to follow the mother in her daily rounds. Sheep may\\n])e run in the same pasture with Angoras wdthout any danger of\\ntheir crossing.\\nDogs are not liable to kill a goat if there are a number of\\ngrown wethers or bucks in the flock. When they make an at-\\ntack, the goats generally bunch together, and the younger ones,\\nget under cover of the wethers, whose defiant air will soon in-\\ntimidate the dog; but, it must not be supposed that there is\\nno loss from this source. Oftentimes a few young goats will\\ni)ecome separated from the flock and be killed and, in a country\\nwhere the \u00e2\u0096\u00a0zco/f and zvild-cat abound, there is considerable loss,\\nparticularly in the small kids.\\nFcnci)ig made of seven barbed wires is cpiite close enough\\nto hold goats provided the stays are placed, say four feet\\napart so that the wires will not spread. A goat will not jump\\nover a fence but will crawl through it very much like a hog, and,\\nunless the wires are kept tight it is difficult to confine them. A\\nrail-fence is very good if it is constructed properly. It should be\\nbuilt so that the panels will not lean outward, as a goat can\\nclimb up a very steep place if he can find a foot-hold. A rock-\\nfcjiee will not do at all, unless it has a shelf on top. The best\\nkind of fencing is made from zvovcn xvirc, and, taking into con-\\nsideration the repairs on other kinds, I am inclined to think they\\nare the cheapest in the end. A four foot zvovcn zvirc fence will\\nhold them with perfect safety.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0389.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": ".388 A New Industry.\\nBreeding. The pure-bred, or the very high-grade does,\\ncome into season between August and September, and are sus-\\nceptible up to first of February. They, ordinarly, produce one\\nkid, but will occasionally have twins, more especially the older\\nones. Lower grades are m.ore prolific and some have been\\nknown to breed twice a year.\\nThe hicks come into season between the months of July\\nand August, and, if they are permitted to run with the does at\\nwill, the kids will begin to come in February or March. The\\nbuck, if pure, may run with the does from first of February to\\nfirst of July without risk. The common buck will breed at any\\ntime of the year, and low grade Angoras are liable to do so.\\nGreat care should be observed in removing buck kids when\\nthey are five months old, as they are remarkably precocious, and\\nwill often breed at that early age. T have known a buck at eight\\nmonths of age to produce ninety kids. The doe kids should be\\nremoved before the buck is turned into the flock as it is best not\\nto breed these until the following season.\\nTlic period of gestation is between one hundred and fifty and\\none hundred and fifty-five days or, about five months.\\nThe breeding of does should be governed by the climate in\\nwhich they are being kept, and it should be so arranged that the\\nkids will not be dropped before vegetation has fairly started. It\\nis quite common for a doe to refuse to own or even recognize\\nher young owing to this cause, and it is therefore best to always\\nbe on the safe side, and be a little late, rather than in advance of\\nthe season, as this will insure a full flow of milk on the part of the\\nmother, and there will then be no losses in kids if reasonable at-\\ntention is given.\\nOne buck is sufficient for fifty does turned loose, or he will\\nserve as many as two hundred if kept up and hand-bred.\\nIf there are a large number of breeding does it is well to\\nhold the bucks in a separate enclosure and place one-half with the\\nflock in the morning and the other half in the evening.\\nThe bucks should be fed about one pound of corn, or two\\npounds of oats, night and morning during the breeding season.\\nCorn on the cob should be broken in pieces. Barley or wheat\\nmakes a good feed. The entire flock should be fed a little grain,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0390.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "Care and Maiiagciiiciif of the Angora Goaf. S89\\nin the winter months, with hay, clover, or oat straw. Com in\\nthe shock is very good, and with this assistance, and the freedom\\nof the pasture, to browse on the Hve twigs and dead leaves, they\\nwill go through the winter very satisfactorily. Cotton seed or\\ncotton seed meal, and hulls, makes very good feed also.\\nGoats are very fond of all kinds of nuts that they can break\\neasily. They are especially fond of the acorn, and when the yield\\nis large will often eat too many, which is liable to cause abortion.\\nIf eaten in moderation they will do no harm.\\nOn the open range, if goats are held under herd, and re-\\nstrained of their liberty, it is proper to locate in some place\\nwhere a variety of brush is to be had, and within close proximity\\nto good clean water.\\nRange, and zvater, are the great essentials to success, and the\\nwider the range the better. It is difficult to estimate the exact\\nnumber of acres that are necessary for any given number of\\ngoats, owing to the difference in browsing facilities. The judg-\\nment of the breeder must be brought into play in this regard. It\\nis not an uncommon mistake for flocks to be held too long in one\\nplace. They should be moved as often as once a month, and of-\\nlener if convenient to do so, which will give the brush a chance\\nto grow new leaves, and thus keep the entire range fresh, and\\nin good condition.\\nAlmost any kind of brush will answer, and if there are weeds\\nto be had in addition, it will be that much the better.\\nWater should be as near to the range as possible, not over\\ntwo miles from camp. It is supposed by many that goats do\\nnot require water, but this is a great mistake, and they will cer-\\ntaiinly suffer if they are deprived of it when they want it. In the\\nwinter months they will drink very little and have been known\\nto do without it altogether for months at a time but, it is best\\nto give them the opportunity of drinking at least once a week\\nduring the cold weather, and oftener, as spring approaches.\\nIn the heat of summer they should have water once a day though\\nit is quite common to only water them every other day.\\nSalt should be fed once a week, in such quantity as they will\\neat up clean. Between twenty-five, and fifty, pounds will be", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0391.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": ";^po A Ah W Industry.\\nquite sufficient for a flock of 1500 for a single salting. It is\\nusually placed in small piles either on the clean grass, or a rock.\\nIt is well to have a regular day to salt, and the flock will soon\\nlearn to look for it, and will remind the herder of his neglect if\\nhe should fail to remember it.\\nShelter, from cold zviiid, is ver\\\\ necessary, and in select-\\ning a camping place this should be taken into consideration.\\nThe slope of a hill, on the south side of a thicket of brush or,\\nbehind a high blufi^, is a very good spot for the winter and in\\nsummer, a high position on the sloping side of a hill, is very suit-\\nable. It would be better, of course, to have a covered shelter as\\nthere are many cold rains during the year which will make goats\\nshrink very considerably and, the losses after shearing and in\\nkids, during a kidding season, will more than cover the cost of\\nbuilding sheds if it were practicable but, the fact of having to\\nmove camp so often presents an obstacle that is hard to over-\\ncome in this particular. The only remedy I can conceive of is,,\\nto have portable sheds made something like a tent, which could be\\nmoved from camp to camp. They can be made in sections of\\nten or fifteen feet, with hooks to connect them to each other,,\\nand in this way a shelter of any required dimension could be had\\nat a comparatively reasonable cost.\\nFlocks are generally made up of one thousand to twelve hun-\\ndred liead, though it is quite easy for a herder to attend a much\\nlarger number, and as high as twenty-five hundred in one flock\\nis not uncommon. The smaller the number the better, however,,\\nas they are more apt to receive better attention from the herder\\nand a greater supply of food. The wethers are placed in a sepa-\\nrate flock, usually, which is known as the dry flock and, at\\nweaning time the kids may be put with them, which is commonly\\ndone except when there are enough to make a flock of zveanlings\\nwhen a few old does are required to gradually educate the little\\nfellows how to herd. There is no serious objection to mixed\\nherds except at breeding time, when the breeding flock should be-\\nkept entirely separate, and distinct from all others.\\nCulling out old does is an important work to attend to, in\\nshaping up a breeding flock, and if you are not able to tell ages\\nby an ear mark, the teeth should be the guide, and all does that", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0392.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "Care and Management of the Angora Goat. :?p/\\nhave poor months should be left out, as well as any ill-shaped\\nor poorly graded animals. It is customary to cull out does after\\nthey are six years old, as they have then seen their best days and\\nwill go down in the scale of vitality, and as producers of mohair\\nafter that period. They wall make very good breeders, however,\\nup to a much greater age, and it is not advisable to cull out well\\ngraded stock, under ten or twelve years, tmless you want to re-\\nduce your holdings.\\nBreeding, on the open range, is done practically the same as\\nin a pasture. One buck should be provided for fifty does, and\\nthey should be placed with the flock, alternately, one-half in\\nthe morning, and the other half in the evening. The bucks\\nshould be fed grain night and morning, which greatly assists the\\nherder in making the necessary change in animals as they will\\ncome forward for their regular feed, into the feeding pen, or cor-\\nral, when they can be shut in and the others turned into the flock\\nwith very little trouble. Thirty days time is quite enough to\\nserve all the does, which is the custom on all large ranches, when\\nall of the bucks should be removed to either the dry (wether)\\nflock, or turned into a small pasture.\\nThe keeping of bneks is a great annoyance unless you have\\nproper arrangements for doing so. When they come in season\\n(July 1) they will be restless and will try to run away, which they\\noften succeed in doing and will sometimes get with the breeding\\nflock a month or more before they are wanted, which makes\\ngreat trouble at the kidding period. The best plan is to have a\\nsmall bnck-pastnre, made of seven barbed wires, with stays every\\nfour feet apart to secure them.\\nHerding is a very simple kind of work, apparently, but it\\ncalls for more skill than one would suppose, for goats, to do well.\\nAny one can herd, but there are, comparatively, few who can\\nherd properly, and it may therefore be called a professional oc-\\ncupation. The Mexican is perhaps the best class to be found\\nfor this work, as they have been more or less trained to it m\\ntheir native country.\\nThe herder should be ready to leave his camp as soon as\\nthe flock leaves the bed-ground and, in place of staying at the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0393.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "393 A Nc:y Indu::try.\\nrear end, driving them on, he should be in the extreme front,\\nholding the leaders from traveling too fast. The animals should\\nbe allowed to scatter over as much territory as they care to, as\\nlong as they remain in sight of each other. Bells should be\\nplaced on about one, to one hundred head, which should be fas-\\ntened securely by a leather strap and buckle, around the neck\\nof the animals. These are a great help to the herder, in many\\nways, and will often guide goats into the flock that may have ven-\\ntured a little too far off. In the evening the counitng of the bell-\\ngoats and other noted animals, will aiiford reasonable assurance\\nto the herder that he has not lost any during the day.\\nLoose herding, or, in other words, permitting the goats to\\ngo and come at will, has never been very satisfactory except\\nwith a small flock of fifty, to one hundred, which can find\\nbrowsing without going too far away. If a lot of kids are raised\\nby hand they will become very much attached to a place and\\nwill rarely ever stray off; but old goats are hard to locate,\\nand give much trouble.\\nShepherd dogs are all right in the hands of one who under-\\nstands them, but it is not wise to permit every herder to use them\\nfor they often do more harm to the goats, then a fine range will\\ndo them good. A herder, as a rule, keeps a dog to relieve him-\\nself of walking. This makes him lazier than he naturally is and\\nin a short while will want the dog to do all the work and he draw\\nall the pay. The most serious objection is that, dogs are seldom\\ntrained properly, or, it may be, that the herder is just commencing\\nto teach one, which will run the goats continually, and bite them.\\nIf the dog has been raised with the flock from a puppy it\\nwill afford great protection to the flock, and is very useful. I\\nknow of a number of ranchmen who have small flocks that they\\nkeep with the assistance of dogs trained to go out in the morning\\nand bring the flock back to the corrals in the evening. A large\\ndog is the best, as these are less liable to be afraid of a coyote\\nor wild cat. A puppy should be placed with a doe that is giving\\nmilk before its eyes are open. It is best to have two, as it will\\nmake them bolder and they are company to each other.\\nCorrals are only used for penning goats when it is necessary\\nto doctor any of them, or work the flock. These can be made", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0394.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "Care and Maiiagciiicnf of flic Angora Goaf. 5P?\\nmore cheaply out of brush, cut down and placed in a circular\\nform large enough to hold the entire flock, with a smaller corral\\nalongside, communicating through a gate. In case of a blizzard,\\nor very stormy night, it is proper to corral the goats, but, ordi-\\nnarily, they will do better to bed on the outside.\\nA cuffing cJiufc is a very necessary thing, which is, usually,\\nplaced at headquarters where the shearing is done. This is used\\nfor separating or cutting-out certain goats from the flock for\\nany purpose. It is usually placed on one side of the corral, and\\nis constructed out of 1x6 plank about three feet high, wider at\\nthe entrance, and narrowing down to about fifteen inches wide\\nat the centre, which width is continued to the exit, wdiere a gate\\nis hung, giving entrance to two corrals. A man holds the cut-\\nting gate, and as the goat approaches he works so as to ha-ve\\nthe animal go into either corral he desires.\\nA dipping vat is another essential on a well-arranged goat\\nranch. This should be placed convenient to water and con-\\nstructed so that the goat can swim through a vat made narrow\\nenough so that it cannot turn around.\\nAt the exit an inclined plank should be placed leading from\\nthe vat, to a dripping platform, where it can rest until the medi-\\ncine has dripped back into the vat.\\nIt is customary to make these vats fifteen to 100 feet long,\\nabout three and one-half feet deep, and eighteen inches wide on\\nthe top, tapering to twelve inches at the bottom. They are some-\\ntimes constructed out of rock and cement, which is the most\\neconomical in the end, though a little more expensive at the\\nstart. The dripping pen is also the best wdien made out of mas-\\nonry, though it is cjuite common to use 2x12 lumber for the vat,\\nand ordinary inch plank for the dripping pen, with a railing,\\nmade like an ordinary fence, to hold the animals while they are\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2dripping.\\nIf only a small number are to be dipped a large molasses\\nbarrel can be used and if this will r ot do, a small portable vat\\nlarge enough for one animal can be made..\\nA camp riisflcr should be provided for every four flocks,\\nwhose duty is to move camp, haul water and provisions to", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0395.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "jQ/l. A Nczv Industry.\\nherders, make corrals, hunt up stray goats and do whatever\\nwork may be necessary in connection with the ranch when not\\nemployed at his regular duties.\\nA herder s outfit consists of\\nOne small A tent.\\nOne baking skillet, small.\\nOne coffee mill, small.\\nOne bread pan, small.\\nOne frying pan, small.\\nOne coffee pot, small.\\nKnife and fork.\\nOne large and one small spoon.\\nOne tin cup and one tin plate.\\nOne kettle for heating water.\\nOne barrel for drinking water.\\nThe herder is supposed to furnish his own blankets and bed-\\nding. He is furnished regular rations monthly, which are as\\nfollows\\nThirty pounds of flour.\\nEight pounds of beans.\\nFour pounds of sugar.\\nFour pounds of rice.\\nOne pound of baking powder.\\nTwelve pounds of fat bacon or lard.\\nFour pounds of coffee.\\nOne quarter of fresh goat meat r week, which is, sometimes,\\nchanged for lean bacon.\\nShearing is governed largely by the inclination of the goat\\nto shed its hair. In the Southern States this usually begins in\\nFebruary; and, in many cases, nearly all the animals will lose\\ntheir entire fleece by the first of March, which necessitates shear-\\ning sometimes in very cold weather. It is best to delay shear-\\ns-It was Laurence Sterne, I think, who said, God tempers\\nthe wind to the shorn lamb; but, if this was ever a law of nature, it\\nwas changed long before Texas engaged in raising sheep, and goats,\\nfor I have seen both lambs and kids frozen to death the night after they\\nhad been shorn of their fleece.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0396.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "Care and Maiiagciiiciif of iJic Angora Goat. ;.q^\\ning until the weather is mild, if possible; but. inasmuch as the\\ndoes sometimes begin to drop kids early in ]\\\\Iarch, it cannot well\\nbe delayed beyond the first days of this month, in manv of the\\nvStates.\\nThe first of April for the South and the first day of ]\\\\Iay\\nfor the North, would be a very good season if it can be so\\narranged.\\nSome breeders sJicar tzvicc a year, which they maintain is\\nmade necessary owing to the extreme length of the hair. )thers\\nclaim that goats can be made to produce more mohair if shorn\\ntwice, which is true, but it is not advisable to shear more than\\nonce unless your mohair will meastire over six inches at each\\nclipping. Take for instance an animal that will produce a seven-\\ninch staple in twelve months growth If shorn in the fall it\\nwill shear say five inches, and, in the spring.perhaps, three more;\\nbut both clippings will be very much inferior to a single clip of\\nseven inches, and will sell for considerably less per pound; hence,\\nwhat is gained in one respect is lost in another.\\nThe shearing season in Texas is the harvest for a large num-\\nber of Mexicans who organize in gangs, or companies, of from\\nten to fifty, under a captain, who enters into a contract wnth dif-\\nferent owners for shearing at a stated price per head, either with\\nboard or without it, as the owner may prefer. The price is,\\nusually, two cents per head with board, or two and one-half\\ncents without. The captain is supposed to superintend the\\nshearing and see that the men imder him do not injure the ani-\\nmals, for which service he expects a little extra pay, usually\\nSI. 00 for each thousand goats shorn.\\nA sweeper, and a cook, must be provided, wdio are paid by the\\n(lay, which is paid by the owner when board is furnished, and by\\nthe shearing company when they board themselves.\\nOrdinary sheep-shears are commonly used, but it would be\\nmuch better to have a clipping machine to do this work for it is a\\nvery important matter to have a uniform staple, and it is impos-\\nsible to obtain this by the old-fashioned shears. The loss that\\nresults from careless clipping of mohair in the United States can-\\nnot be much less than twenty per cent, in noilage or short liair.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0397.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "jg6 A Nczv Industry.\\nwhich has been ah eady referred to under chapter How to Pre-\\npare Mohair for Market.\\nTJic sacking of mohair is arranged by suspending the sack-\\nin a frame, and pressing it down by the weight of a man who gets\\nin and tramps it as close as he can by his own weight. Ordi-\\nnarily 175 to 200 pounds can be very easily packed in a six-fool\\nburlap wool sack, which is quite enough.\\nAn iron ring is first fastened around the mouth of the sack\\nwhich is then placed in the frame.\\nEach class of mohair should be kept separate, both as to\\nlength of staple and fineness of fiber, and all colored fleeces should\\nbe packed in a small pocket and then be deposited in one of the\\nlarger sacks.\\nShearing sheds are usually made with poles and brush to\\nshade the men, and plank, or wool sacks, for a floor. It is, of\\ncourse, best to have a proper shed, constructed with pens on the\\nside to hold the goats, and sufficient space for packing and stor-\\ning the clip.\\n77?^ kidding season is perhaps the busiest time of all others\\non a goat ranch, which calls for an enlarged working force, and\\na considerable increase in expenses. About one month before\\nthis season commences (as before stated this should be governed\\nby the climate where the goats are being bred in), the kidding\\ncamps should be selected, and corrals made so that there may be\\nno confusion when the little strangers begin to arrive. The\\ncamp rustler can generally find time to make these at odd times,\\nwhich are constructed practically the same as all other working\\ncorrals. It is well to select a spot that will combine shade from\\nthe sun, and protection from the cold wind, for the season\\nincludes both of these extremes of weather, in many places. The\\ncorrals should be made large enough for as many does as are\\nin the flock, with a small corral connecting to place motherless\\nkids in. One such corral should be made for each three hundred\\nkids, and when these have come, the flock should be moved on\\nto corral No. 2, where three hundred more are left, and so on to\\nthe end.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0398.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "Can: and Management of the Angora Goat. :;Qy\\nTwo men should be placed in charge of each corral, the one\\nto herd the does, and the other to attend the kids, and see that\\nthey do not receive injury, and that they all get sufficient\\nnourishment from their mothers. If anv doe should fail to\\nsuckle her kid she should be tied every night by the horns, and by\\none hind leg as well, close to where her kid is tied, until she is\\nwilling to own it. The herder should range near the corral and\\ncome into camp at noon and evening to let the kids suckle. It\\nis, sometimes, necessary to mark the kids in order to tell them\\nfrom others, but this is only resorted to when the doe is a poor\\nmother. Different colored paints are used, placed on certain\\nportions of the body, always observing to mark the kid \\\\vith the\\nsame colored paint and in the same place as the mother.\\nIn case of twin kids, one is usually given to some doe that\\nma} have lost her own, which she will soon learn to recognize\\nif the plan of tying her, over night, is practiced for a few nights.\\nThe most common wav of holding kids is, tying them by\\none leg to a peg, driven into the ground, even with the surface,\\nso that the string will not become entangled. This string should\\nbe of hemp, about twelve or fifteen inches in length and\\nshould be changed from one leg to the other whenever it\\nbegins to bind. It is not unusual for kids to suffer very severly\\nif this is not attended to properly, and in many cases the little\\nanimal will have a very sore foot which will often slough off.\\nWhen kids are two or three weeks old they can be turned loose\\nand allowed the freedom of the corral.\\nA much more humane way of confining them is in a pen,\\nmade about three feet square by about sixteen inches to twenty\\ninches high, which the mother can easily jump into and is quite\\nhigh enough to hold the little animal until it is large enough\\nto be turned loose in the corral.\\nKids. The kids should not be allowed to go out with the\\nfiock until they are about two months old, as they are liable to\\nsteal off into some thicket of brush and be lost.\\nAs soon as it is practicable to do so, the kids in dift erent\\ncorrals should be bunched together and thus reduce expenses\\nin labor. Great care should be used to keep the doe with the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0399.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "J9S\\nA Nczv Industry.\\nkid for some time after birth, so that she may become fully\\n-acquainted with it, which she does very soon through the scent,\\nand will always be able to pick it out of any number in this way.\\nKids that are dropped during a cold drizzling rain are\\nalmost certain to perish, and hence, a shelter will pay very well\\nat this season, which has been fully explained under my treat-\\nment of vSheds.\\nPLATK XXXVII.\\nA DOE BRINGING HER KID TO CAMP.\\nThis is a custom followed by Mexican herders. The kid is tied by all fours, and suspended on the\\nneclv of the mother, as shown in the plate.\\nWhen kids are dropped on the range the mother should\\nnot be disturbed, and if inclined to be restless, she should\\nbe tied either by the horns, or by one leg, to some convenient\\ntree, near her kid, until the flock is ready to return to camp,\\nwhen the camp helper should come out and assist in collecting\\nup those that have been dropped.\\nA common way of conveying them to camp is by tying their\\nlegs together and suspending them on the neck of their mother,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0400.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "Care ami Maiiagciiiciif of the Angora Goat. jpp\\nas shown in plate XXXVII. This is a very good way to keep\\nfrom mixing- them, and it is not at all inhuman, as the little\\nthings do not seem to suffer any evil effects from it.\\nCastrating should be done as soon after the kid is able to\\nstand up. as practicable say in one week after birth. The end\\nof the bag is first cut off with a sharp knife and th e little seeds\\ndrawn out until the tender cord that holds them breaks asunder.\\nThis operation seems to give little or no pain when the animal\\nis less than one month old, but the longer it is delayed the more\\nl)ainful and dangerous the operation becomes. A lot of early\\naltered male kids are hard to distinguish from the females when\\nthey are a year old, while the late altered ones look staggish,\\nand resemble the buck somewhat.\\nDocking, or cutting off the tail, is unnecessary.\\nMarking, is commonly done by cutting off a part of one,\\nor both, ears, which greatly disfigures the animal, but this\\nmakes no material difference, except wifh fancy stock. A sys-\\ntem of notches is sometimes used to distinguish age an sex\\nwhich is very useful in cutting out from a flock as the animals\\npass through the chute. To tell sex alone, it is quite common to\\nalternate the ear mark on the doe, and wether, kids, for instance\\nThe wethers are marked in the right ear, and the does, in the\\nleft.\\nPunching a hoic in the ear has been abolished for the reason\\nthat the goat is hable to have the ear torn by catching it in the\\nbrush.\\nTattooing is a very good method to use in marking pure-\\nbred stock, which can be done with colored inks on either ear\\nwithout the slightest disfiguration.\\nBranding on the cheek, or nose, in addition to some kind\\nof ear-mark is sometimes practiced, and is perhaps the surest\\nway of being able to distinguish a goat that has been stolen,\\nand the ear-marked changed.\\nIVild animals that depredate upon goats consist mainly of\\nthe covote, or prairie wolf, and wild cat. The fox will sometimes\\nsteal a kid but is not considered verv troublesome. The coyote\\nis perhaps the worst of all owing to his greater cunning, and", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0401.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "400 A Neiv Industry.\\nstrength. They will not molest a flock in camp very often,\\nthough they will occasionally venture up to the outer line, and\\ncatch a goat while the herder is asleep. A camp fire will often\\nkeep them away. They are more to be dreaded when a bunch\\nis cut off from the flock and are lost for a night or two. It is\\non these that the coyote gets in his work. He will, generally,\\nget them scattered and destroy the last one if they are out a\\nfew nights. All this talk about goats being able to defend them-\\nselvefe from the attack of a wild animal is news to me. Some\\nwriter in Dr. Hayes book claims that he put some goats in his\\nflock of sheep to protect them from wild animals. If this is a\\nfact they must have been a different species of goats from the\\nkind that are raised in Texas. The loss from this source has\\nbeen fully five per cent., on an average, and has been much\\ngreater than this with some individual flocks.\\nThe loho, a very large kind of coyote, will often do great\\ndamage to a flock. The use of strychnine is a very good way to\\nget rid of them, but, both the coyote and lobo, are very cun-\\nning about taking the bait, and it should be put in the meat in\\nsmall ca.psules. The carcass of a dead horse is a good thing to\\npoison on a range, and will often remove a number of these\\npests, if well poisoned with strychnine.\\nTrapping them is often resorted to, which is followed as a\\nsteady occupation by quite a number of men, who receive pay\\nby the head from the owner of the range, in addition to a bounty\\noffered by many of the States.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0402.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXX.\\nNOTES FROM PRACTICAL BREEDERS.\\nFor the purpose of learning with what success the breeding\\nof the Angora goat had been attended, in different parts of the\\nUnited States, as Avell as the different customs of breeders in\\nhandling the animal, I sent out the following list of questions\\n1. Do you find ready sale for vour wether goats?\\n2. A\\\\ hat country would you prefer to import new blood\\nfrom.\\n3. Are you in favor of a register for thoroughbred goats?\\n4. Have you found your section well adapted to raising\\ngoats\\nDo you herd your goats?\\nG. Do you run them in a pasture?\\n7. Do you pen them every night?\\n8. Do you have sheds for them in winter?\\nHave you found goats better able to defend themselves\\nfrom wild animals than sheep are?\\n10. Do you feed your goats in winter?\\n11. Have your goats ever been troubled with disease?\\n12. Do you practice dipping for lice?\\n13. Have you found goats objectionable to run with other\\nkinds of stock?\\n1-1. Do you shear your goats once or twice a year?\\n1. What do you consider a fair crop of kids from 100\\ndoes\\n1(). Do you have many twin kids?\\nIT. Do you have many black, yellow, or off-colored kids?\\nIS. What has been your percentage of loss from death per\\nyear\\n19. Are goats used much in your State for clearing brush\\nland", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0403.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "^02 A New Industry.\\nTo the foregoing questions I received the following replies\\nRev. D. S. Babb, Sonora, Texas, says\\nI only herd my goats when kidding.\\nA six-wire fence will hold them.\\nI pen them at night only in stormy weather.\\nHave never shedded them.\\nI have seen as many as 2,000 goats in one flock.\\nIf goats are not kept under herd, or very carefully watched, I\\nestimate ten per cent, loss from wild animals, and strays.\\nI do not dip for lice regularly.\\nI think it is best to shear twice a year.\\nI breed generally 25tli October.\\nI do not have many twins from high grades, and but a few off-\\ncolored.\\nM. R. H. Wyatt, Sonora, Texas, says\\nI have found our country very good for goats.\\nI only herd during kidding time.\\nI loose herd them at other times.\\nA seven-wire fence will hold goats, or a five-wire fence with pickets,\\nor rock imderneath, say two feet high.\\nI always pen at night. Have never shedded.\\nI find goats are good to protect the young kids from attack of\\ndogs or wolves.\\nI have never fed any in winter.\\nI have never dipped for the lice.\\nHave never had any disease.\\nI usually breed October 25th.\\nMr. John Brown, Sonora, Texas, says\\nWe have, in recent years, had no trouble in selling our mutton\\ngoats to feeders, but formerly had very little demand for them.\\nAm in favor of importing new blood from any place that we car\\nfind better stock than we have already.\\nI keep some goats in pasture, though most of them in flocks. My\\nfence is a seven-barbed wire.\\nI never pen goats except when I am working with them in kidding\\ntime. I do not shed them, but it would be the better plan.\\nI run 1,500 head in a flock.\\nI never feed, but it would be of great advantage sometimes.\\nI estimate cost of running goats 40 cents to 45 cents per head per\\nyear.\\nI dip for lice.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0404.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "Ahtcs Practical Breeders. ^oj\\nBegin kidding 1st of April.\\nWe have generally twenty or twenty-five per cent, twins.\\nVery few colored kids.\\nOur losses are about one per cent, from death.\\nA goat will shear one pound more that is sheared twice a year.\\nbut it will not sell for as much by 6 cents to 10 cents per pound as ii\\nsheared only once.\\nMr. H. W. Galbraith, Montell, Texas, says\\nWe sell muton goats readily at either local markets, in San An-\\ntonio, or Kansas City.\\nWe do not need any new blood from either Turkey or South\\nAfrica.\\nWe run from 1,250 to 1,500 in a flock.\\nWe estimate 48 cents per head the expense of keeping goats, includ-\\ning shearing, kidding, and range.\\nWe sometimes dip for lice, though not as a regular thing. When\\nwe do, we use lime and sulphur.\\nWe begin breeding the 1st to 20th of October.\\nHave very few twins and seldom any ofT-colors.\\nW^e have less than five per cent, losses, not including those killed\\nby wolves.\\nI raise dogs with my goats which I find a very great advantage,\\nenabling me to bed out regardless of the wild animals.\\nMr. Wm. M. Landrum, Laguna, Texas, says\\nWe have no trouble now in selling all our wether goats.\\nI am in favor of importing new blood from the Cape of Good Hope.\\nI think it will be a very difficult matter to have a register for\\nAngora goats.\\nI have found them better adapted to this part of Texas than any\\nother kind of stock.\\nWe herd our goats sometimes and pasture sometimes.\\nOur fencing is made of barbed wire.\\nWe only pen at times.\\nWe keep anywhere from oOO to 2,000 in a flock.\\nThe goat is, perhaps, better able to protect itself from wild animals\\nthan a sheep, but will not do so always.\\nFoot-rot is the only trouble we have had in the form of disease,\\nand this only occurs where the pasture is wet or muddy.\\nIt is well to dip goats in tobacco and corrosive sublimate, dis-\\nsolved in salamoniac, for the lice. (See receipt under diseases.)\\nLow-grade goats will increase at the rate of 125 per cent, to 150\\nper cent. High grades, eighty per cent, to 100 per cent.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0405.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "404 A Nezv Industry.\\nPure breeds have twins about one to ten does.\\nLow grades will often have off-colored kids.\\nPercentage of loss from death is about three to five per cent.\\nMr. Jeff Pepper, Rock Springs, Texas, says\\nWe run 1/200 head, in a flock.\\nCost of keeping goats we estimate at 25 cents per head.\\nWe begin breeding October 15th.\\nMr. Henry Fink, Leon Springs, Texas, says\\nWe would prefer to pasture goats, but cannot do so on account\\nof wolves.\\nWe run them m flocks from 800 to 1,200.\\nWolves seem to kill goats as easily as they do sheep.\\nWe only feed poor goats in winter cotton seed.\\nEstimated cost of running goats, 20 cents per head, including\\nshearing.\\nWe begin breeding October 1st.\\nOur losses average two per cent., except losses from wolves.\\nMr. J. M. Arnold, Montell, Uvalde County, Texas, says\\nWe have no trouble to sell wether goats anywhere, but usuallj^ ship\\nto Chicago.\\nI do not think we have any need to import new blood, as I believe\\nwe have as good as there is in Turkey or South Africa.\\nWe have found this country excellent for goats.\\nWe run from 1,200 to 1,600 head in a flock.\\nWe only feed one stud flock in winter. We feed corn and wheal\\nbran.\\nWe estimate cost of expense of handling goats 50 cents per annum,\\nincluding shearing.\\nWe occasionly have sore feet, owing to rainy weather. They\\nshould never be penned in a muddy or wet pen.\\nWe dip sometimes for lice. Use Cannon s Dip.\\nWe find goats advantageous to pasture with other stock.\\nWe shear in October and March.\\nBegin breeding October 10th.\\nWe have very few twins of late years. No off-colors to speak of.\\nSome kind of shelter for goats in cold rains in winter, would be\\nof great advantage. If kept dry, cold will not injure them. We bed\\nflocks in camp, and never pen except to count, or shear, or when\\nkidding.\\nIf they are penned in a damp corral they will take what is termed\\nfoot evil. It is not foot rot, but a very troublesome disease of the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0406.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "A ofcs Practical Breeders.\\n405\\nfeet, and they are never troubled with it when they have a dry place\\nto travel and herd over.\\nI have found Angora goats to be the most profitable animal we\\ncould raise here. Have been breeding them for twenty years, and I\\nlook for a grand future for the business in the United States.\\nWe have never used them for exterminating brush but have\\nobserved they will make a grassless thicket a meadow in a few years.\\nMountain ranges are greatly benefitted by goats, as regards growth\\nof grass.\\nMr. C. Dissler, Juno, Texas, says\\nWe do not dip for lice, but after shearing use coal oil, which we\\napply with a rag, and find it removes them.\\nWe breed October 1st.\\nHave but few off-colored kids; some red ones.\\nOur losses are not heavy.\\njNIr. James Patterson, Junction City, Texas, says\\nWe have had no trouble in selling mutton goats.\\n-We run 1,500 to 2,000 in a flock.\\nWe estimate Go cents per head the cost of keeping a goat per year.\\nWe use sulphur and lime when dipping for lice.\\nWe begin breeding November 10th.\\nOur losses from death are about one per cent.\\nMessrs. Doughten Luttrell. Lipan, Texas, says\\nWe find a ready market for our mutton goats at Fort Worth.\\nWe pasture our goats only in winter. In summer we run them\\nin flocks from 700 to 1,400 head.\\nWe do not think there is much difference between goats, and sheep,\\nas far as dogs and wild animals are concerned.\\nWe feed cotton seed and hay in winter, costing us 20 cents for two\\nbushels seed for the head.\\nWe begin kidding generally by March 10th.\\nOut of 600 does we had one pair of twins this year, and four black\\nor oflf-colored ones.\\nCol. W. W. Haupt, Kyle, Texas, says\\nFor a goat-proof fence, I make one of barbed wire, with the three\\nbottom wires five inches apart, then* widen.\\nI feed in bad weather cotton seed or corn, sprinkled on tlfe\\nground.\\nMy goats never cost me a cent. I allow them to run loose.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0407.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "4o6 A Nezv Iiidiisfry.\\nI dip in anything but a sulphur dip.\\nI have found goats an advantage with other stock.\\nWe shear twice a year or we would lose goats by tangling up in\\nbrush and briars.\\nWe begin breeding as soon as they come in season in the fall.\\nHave twins very seldom in pure and high grades. No ofif-colored\\nkids except from goats under third cross.\\nNever saw a goat die.\\nMr. Geo. W. Baylor, Montell, Texas, says\\nI keep some goats in a six-barbed wire fence, but herd the most\\nof them.\\nI only pen my thoroughbreds, and shed them as well.\\nI run 1,200 to 1,500 in a flock.\\nNo sickness or disease, but have had some few die from poison.\\nWe use Zenolium, or Little s Dip, for lice.\\nThey do finely with cattle, and no drawback to the cattle.\\nWe kid in March.\\nThe higher the grade the less twins. Three per cent, oft -colored\\nin grade flock. None with the thoroughbred flock.\\nHon. B. L. Crouch, Pearsall, Texas, says\\nI am no longer in the goat business, but cheerfully give my\\nexperience when I was handling them.\\nI never had any trouble to sell fat goats.\\nFrom Oakville, to El Paso, I think, equals any place in the world\\nfor raising goats.\\nA seven-barbed wire is enough to p?sture goats.\\nI always bedded my goats. Never penned them at night.\\nI used to run 1,500 to 2,000 head in a flock.\\nAs to their self-protecting quality, I found that they could outrun\\nsheep, but wolves are very fond of them.\\nCost of keeping goats from 30 to 40 cents. It depends on locality.\\nI used to dip in sulphur for lice.\\nI don t think it is proper to run sheep and goats together, the\\nlatter travel too fast.\\nKidding shoifld begin here about March 1st.\\nNinety to 100 per cent, is an ayerage kidding.\\nI do not recollect my percentage from losses. I owned goats\\nfrom 1872 to 1893.\\nIf we could get rid of the wild animals, Texas would be a paradise\\nfor the goat.\\nI think the present tariff on Mexican breeding goats should be\\nremoved in order to enable breeders to get some does from that\\ncountry free of duty.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0408.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "Notes Practical Breeder.\\n407\\nI also favor a high rate of duty on mohair to encourage the\\nAmerican breeders of goats. We ought to raise all of our mohair and\\ngoat skins, and can easily do it with proper tariff to encourage the\\nindustry.\\nIt seems to me that associations should be formed to bring in\\nmore thoroughbred goats, as was done in the forties and fifties by\\nthe Illinois farmers with the short horn cattle, which has resulted in\\nsuch great benefit to them and the United States at large.\\nMr. D. G: Avery, Marathon, Texas, says\\nI find market for wether mutton in El Paso without trouble.\\nOur mountains are especially fine for goats.\\nWe run 2,000 in a flock.\\nCost of keeping we estimate at 30 cents per head.\\nI do not dip for lice but think we ought to do so. I favor lime\\nand sulphur.\\nWe begin kidding March and April.\\nWith large flocks, ninety per cent, increase is about our experience.\\nIn small fiocks the increase should be greater.\\nOur losses are greater some years than others, but usually very\\nsmall.\\nMr. J. W. Garrett, Mountain Home, Texas, says\\nOur country is adapted to raising goats as well as any I have\\never seen.\\nWe run from 1,500 to 1,750 in a flock.\\nI have no sheep, but the wolves bother my neighbors sheep\\nmuch more than they do my goats.\\nThe cost of running goats depends on how many you have in flock.\\nWe estimate about 121/^ cents.\\nWe begin breeding October 15th to November 1st.\\nAbout two-thirds of our old does have twins, some of them\\ntriplets.\\nWe have some yellow kids.\\nHon. R. H. Lowry, Camp San Saba, Texas, says\\nWe run 500 to 1,500 head in a flock.\\nThe only objection I see to goats in a pasture with other stock is\\nthey tramp the grass down.\\nWe begin breeding October 5th to 10th.\\nWe have very few twins and very few off-colored kids.\\nMr. H. B. Marshall, Austin, Texas, says\\nWe have no trouble to sell all our mutton goats in Austin.\\nAm building a cedar picket fence to pasture my goats.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0409.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "4o8 A Nctv Industry.\\nI only have about 500 head.\\nMy kids generally come about March 20th.\\nDo not have many twins; and, about one in a hundred off-\\ncolored.\\nMy losses have never exceeded two per cent.\\nMr. J. D. Hunter, Junction City, Texas, says\\nThe altitude of our country is 1,800 feet above sea level.\\nWe have a wire, and picket, fence.\\nWe begin breeding in October.\\nA crop of kids with us is often 150 per cent.\\nOur losses are nothing except by wolves or cayotes.\\nMr. Tom S. Evans, Exile, Texas\\nWe have found ready sale for mutton goats in local markets and\\nKansas City.\\nThe altitude of our section is 1,200 to 1,400 feet.\\nWe herd mostly, but pasture some.\\nOur pasture fence for goats is a seven barbed wire, with stays\\nevery three feet apart.\\nWe only shed occasionly.\\nWe run 1,000 to 1,500, but prefer 1,000 in a flock.\\nWe only feed a little in winter. Sorghum and cotton seed.\\nWe estimate cost of keeping goats at 30 to 40 cents per year.\\nWe begin kidding about March 20th to 25th.\\nWe have from twenty-five to fifty per cent, of twin kids.\\nSeldom any off-colored; a few black ones once in a while.\\nMr. H. T. Fuchs, Tiger Mill, Texas, says\\nI sell my wether goats as mutton in my own neighborhood, with-\\nout any difficulty.\\nI am in favor of a register, if it can be conducted honestly.\\nMy goats always come to the pens at night.\\nSmall flocks do better than large ones.\\nI have lost heavily from wolves.\\nWe sometimes cut live oak bushes in winter to feed.\\nHave had some to die from eating green persimmons.\\nHave never dipped for lice, but think it is a good plan.\\nI find goats a benefit to other stock rather than a disadvantage.\\nWe shear in September and March.\\nWe have nothing but pure white kids.\\nMr. Wm. R. McKee, Junction City, Texas, says\\nI allow my goats to run loose, except during kidding time, when\\nI place them under herd.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0410.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "Notes Practical Breeders. ^^op\\nMy pasture fence has only six wires.\\nI pen only for the purpose of doctoring for screw worms, or\\nduring the kidding period and for shearing.\\nThe cost of keeping my goats does not exceed 20 cents per year\\nper head.\\nI begin breeding by the 15th to iOth of October.\\nLoss from death is not very great.\\nI consider my goats as of great benefit to my other stock in keep-\\ning down underbrush, and eating up noxious weeds.\\nI have never had any difficulty in selling my wether goats for\\nmutton purposes.\\nHon. Thos. H. Tongue. Hillsboro, Oregon, says\\nOur pasture fence is principally rail the corners kept straight with\\nstakes wired together.\\nWe pen and shed only in the winter. I have found that they require\\nshelter from rainy weather more than sheep do.\\nHave had much less trouble from dogs than with sheep.\\nThe cost of keeping is very small. We consider it practically\\nnothing.\\nWe feed but very little in the winter, and then only straw and\\nbrush.\\nHave never known of any disease among goats in this state.\\nI have never had occasion to dip. I feed sulphur with the salt\\ngive them and this seems to keep them free from lice.\\nHave had best success in breeding commencing latter part of\\nNovember or first of December.\\nAly percentage of kids has been very small, but I attribute it to\\ncarlessness of my hired hands a want of knowing how to manage them.\\nHave very few off-colored kids.\\nVery few losses from death. It is rare for a goat to die except\\nfrom old age.\\nSir. Geo. A. Houck, Engene, Oregon, says\\nThe altitude of our country is 500 feet, and is well suited to\\nthe Angora.\\nW e fence with four boards and wire, or six rails, also two boards\\nand tour wires.\\nWe only shed our nannies.\\nWe usually keep 50 to 15() nannies, and 500 hundred wethers in a\\ntiock.\\nThe wethers will protect themselves against dogs and wolves, but\\nthe nannies will not.\\ne onlv feed oak brush in winter.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0411.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "410 A Nezv Industry.\\nWe figure on paying expenses with 40 cents per head.\\nHave always sheared once, but intend to shear twice hereafter.\\nI begin breeding November 10th to 20th.\\nHave had no off-colored kids in ten years.\\nMy losses are light, chiefly from old age and accident.\\nAs to importing new blood, if we could get good ones, it would\\nbe a good thing to do; but if we cannot, we can make them good\\nenough from what we have.\\nMr. Scott Obye, North Yamhill, Oregon ,says\\nWe have our fencing of rails, or planks, whichever is most\\nconvenient.\\nWe do not pen at night, and only shed the goats in bad weather.\\nWe run 1,000 head in a flock.\\nWe feed only oak brush in stormy weather.\\nWe consider the cost of keeping goats nothing.\\nWe have been troubled some with foot-rot.\\nWe consider goats a benefit to othei stock in same pasture.\\nWe begin breeding the last of September.\\nHave twins only from grades; none from thoroughbred stock.\\nHave only had one colored kid in seven years breeding.\\nWe have no losses.\\nMr. D. A. Walker, Carlton, Oregon, says\\nI sell my wethers to my neighbors.\\nI run my goats loose. Do not pen, except in winter, when I pen\\nand shed them.\\nI only cut brush for them to eat in winter.\\nCost of keeping nothing, except shearing, 5 cents per head.\\nI breed November 1st.\\nHave only a few twins. No off-colors.\\nGoats that are starved during the summer are liable to take scours\\nin winter, and, owing to the impaired condition of their constitution,\\nmay die. My father lost quite a number one winter from this cause.\\nI keep my goats for shearing not for grubbing.\\nMr. O. Dowell, Florence, Oregon\\nWe have never had occasion to sell any of our wether goats.\\nFencing for goats needs to be built up perpendicular; matters not\\nwhat it is made of, if not rock.\\nSometimes I feed hay and roots in winter.\\nTwenty-five cents per annum will cover expense of running goats.\\nI use a tobacco dip for lice.\\nAH of my two-year-olds bring twins, and sometimes three and four.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0412.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "Notes Practical Breeders. ^/r\\nHave very few off-colors.\\nMy goats are very large; wethers weigh 185 pounds and does-\\n145 pounds grown.\\nThey shear two and one-half pounds for does, and five pounds\\nfor wethers.\\nMy ranch is about four miles from the ocean. The bottom land\\nis only forty feet, and the hill land 100 to 300 feet above sea level.\\nI began keeping goats a little over three years ago. The increase\\nin that time has been seventy-five head from five old nannies. Over half\\nmy kids have been males. When I got them they had foot rot very\\nbadly. It took me four or five months to cure it. I used vitrol and pine\\ntar. Since cured of that they have been perfectly healthy in every\\nrespect. Some of my neighbors brought in some goats that died from\\nleeches in their liver.\\nSome of my goats take the billy in August and September and drop\\nkids in January, and some bring kids again in August. Some that\\nhave twins in winter, bring only one in summer. I had one nannie that\\nhad four kids at one birth, and several that had three.\\nMr. A. Blackburn, North Yamhill, Oregon, says\\nWe have sheds where our goats can go if they care to have shelter..\\nWe are not troubled with wolves here, but in Southern Counties,\\ngoats are raised where sheep have been destroyed by wolves.\\nWe feed straw in winter on rainy days.\\nWe estimate cost of keeping 25 cents per head per year, if they have\\na good brushy range.\\nWe use the McDougal Dip for lice.\\nShearing twice should be given up by all breeders as it is ruining\\nthe inarket.\\nWe begin breeding here November 5th.\\nWe only have a few twin kids, and sometimes a sandy color.\\nOur death rate is about four per cent.\\nMr. J. M. Hassler, Larwood, Oregon, says\\nWe have a rail fence around our goat pasture.\\nWe have sheds for them to go to at will.\\nWe feed only straw in bad winter weather.\\nWe estimate the work they do inclearing land more than pays-\\nfor the expense of keeping them.\\nWe use Wakley s Dip for lice.\\nWe breed in November.\\nWe do not have many twins, and occasionly a black or yellow kid.\\nWe lose about three to five per cent, from death in young stock.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0413.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "^i2 A New Industry.\\nWe are troubled with foot rot some, caused by too much damp,\\nlow pasture. I have a remedy and mine have not been troubled for\\ntwo 3 ears.\\nMr. J. H. Hawley, Monmouth, Oregon, says\\nWe sell wethers readily to farmers.\\nWe have plank fencing for goat pastures.\\nWe only pen in case of storms.\\nWe feed only when snow is on the ground. Feed straw and chop\\ngrain.\\nWe don t figure that goats cost us anything but salt..\\nWe breed middle of November.\\nMr. PVank H. Rogers, Gardiner. Oregon, says\\nThe altitude of our section is only JUO feet.\\nOur goats run loose. We pen and shed them every night.\\nI have found them very much more able to protect themselves\\nagainst dogs than sheep are. They generally take a stand, and intimi-\\ndate a dog by the bold front they all present.\\nIn winter I feed clover and timothy hay.\\nI estimate cost of keeping goats 25 cents per head.\\nHave had some liver fluke or leach, mange and hoof rot.\\nWe use different kinds of sheep dip for lice.\\nWe begin kidding usually the first of April.\\nHave but few twins. No off-colored kids.\\nMr. Oscar Tom, Angora, Oregon\\nI only have a small number (about eighty does), and usually sell\\nall my male kids as bucks, consequently I do not sell wethers.\\nMy section is mountainous and I do not herd my goats.\\nThey come home at night, and if they are attacked by animals of\\nany kind will run home in the day time.\\nI estimate the cost of keeping them as nothing.\\nThe only disease I have had to contend with has been foot-rot,\\nand the occasional poisoning of one from eating poison ivy.\\nI consider goats advantageous to run with other stock.\\nI begin breeding usually the first of November.\\nMr. Masters, Cleveland, Oregon, says\\nI find ready sale for all my wethers to farmers, who use them for\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0clearing brush land.\\nI fence with pickets, five feet high\\nFoot rot is all the trouble we have had in the form of siqkness\\nor disease. It seems to be the same as the sheep have.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0414.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "AUitcs Practical Breeders. _ii:^\\nI breed September loth.\\nI cull and sell all my old goats, which keeps my losses small from\\ndeath.\\nMr. James McDonald, Morrison, Oregon, says\\nI find ready sale for my wethers to my neighbors, who use them\\nfor mutton.\\nThe altitude of our section is 250 ftet.\\nI make my pasture with poles woven with wire.\\nThey come to the shed themselves.\\nI do not figure that my goats cost me anything for keeping.\\nHave been troubled some with scours, lately.\\nI don t dip for lice, but think I ought to.\\nI breed November Inth.\\nMr. N. Woodward, Dallas, Oregon, says\\nPasture fences made from rails are used; also from posts. I like\\nthe latter best.\\nI only pen and shed my goats in winter.\\nI find that a bunch of wethers, with a lot of does, is a safeguard\\nagainst attacks from wolves.\\nI feed hay and straw in winter.\\nI think goats should not be herded with sheep.\\nI breed the first of November.\\nI have no black or off-colored kids.\\nI regard the Angora goat as being a very useful and valuable\\nanimal, not alone for their wool, but for their meat as well, and for\\nclearing land.\\n]\\\\Ir. \\\\A\\\\ D. Claggett, Salem, Oregon, says\\nT make fences out of barbed wire and boards.\\nI find that old goats will defend themselves against wolves, but\\nthey are bad on kids.\\nI do not shed, or pen, them at night.\\nI feed nothing but brush.\\nI estimate they cost me nothing to keep.\\nHave had some dysentery.\\nI dip with tobacco for lice.\\nI breed in November.\\nTwins only come from my grade goats.\\nI have a few yellow and blue kids.\\nIn small bands of goats the loss is trifling.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0415.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "414 Neiv Industry.\\nMessrs. Conklin Bros., Newville, California, says\\nIn fencing to enclose goats we use three seven-inch boards and\\none barbed wire. Woven wire is taking the lead and is being used in\\npreference to anything else.\\nWe run our flocks in lots of 800 or 900 head.\\nWe have found grown goats more capable of resisting dogs than\\nsheep are, but the kids are liable to be destroyed by them if away from\\nthe flock.\\nWe find a ready market in San Francisco for all the wether\\ngoats we wish to sell.\\nWe estimate the cost of keeping goats in our section at about\\n25 cents per head per year.\\nWe consider goats are a great advantage to run with other stock,\\nrather than a disadvantage.\\nWe begin breeding our goats November 20th.\\nWe think five per cent, should cover all losses.\\nAt the present time (July 15), we have our goats on the summit\\nof the coast range, at an altitude of 7,000 feet, where all vegetation is\\ngreen and growing, and the climate is very cool and water as cold as ice.\\nSnow is on the ground and the goats delight to wallow in it. This, we\\nthink, causes the mohair to grow earlier and faster, than in the warm\\nclimate of our winter range in the Saciamento valley. It seems that\\nnature tries to provide a coat to correspond with the climate.\\nMr. E. Iv. Maze, Upper Lake, California, says\\nI generally run 1,000 to 1,500 head of goats to a flock.\\nWe estimate cost of keeping them 20 cents per head per year.\\nWe think the goat is much more capable of resisting the attack\\nof dogs, or wild animals, than the sheep is.\\nWe begin breeding about November 1st.\\nMr. J. M. Wimmer, Millville, California, says\\nWe only have occasion to feed a little during the winter months,\\nwhich is generally our older goats.\\nI figure the cost of keeping 50 cents to 60 cents per year.\\nGoats sometimes get poisoned, but nearly always will recover\\nirom it.\\nOur kidding season begins the middle of April.\\nIf our goats are in good condition, we estimate on a loss of three\\n.per cent, to four per cent, per annum.\\nMr. F. G. Smith, Skaggs Springs, California, says\\nIfind ready sale for wether goats in San Francisco.\\nI only pen my goats during kidding time.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0416.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "Notes Practical Breeders.\\n415\\nI shear one time in January or February.\\nWe aim to have our kids come aftei March 15th.\\nWe have more twins some years than others.\\nHave never had one black kid in seven years.\\nOur percentage of loss is very small. Mainly old does.\\nFencing.^Many people have the idea that goats are very breechy,\\nbut it is not so. My first enclosure was a board fence, four and one-\\nhalf feet high, such as is seen along railroad lines; boards sixteen feet\\nlong, and posts eight feet apart, five boards to a panel. I used wire on\\none occasion and first put my posts twelve feet apart, but found that the\\ngoats would crawl through, so I placed a post in between the others\\nmaking them only six feet apart, which answered well. Picket fences\\nare largely used in California, made from redwood timber, split in small\\nsizes and driven in the ground, six to the yard. A common brush\\nfence, properly constructed, will turn goats.\\nKidding. I turn my goats out early in the morning and drive\\nthem back about 9 o clock, where they remain until 4 p. m., when they\\nare allowed to feed again until sundown. As most of the kids come\\nduring the time they are in the corral, we have very little trouble in\\npacking them to the corral. We have a specially prepared place for\\nthe kids inside of a rough building which consists of a row of stalls\\n3x3 feet, into which a doe and her kid are shut up for the night. If\\nthe kid has not suckled, it is assisted or forced to do so. This building\\nopens into a small pasture, as the does have little desire to leave their\\nkids for several days, they are turned into this pasture with their kids\\nand looked after morning and evening to see that they suck. After a\\nshort tirne the does are turned into the range and the kids are allowed to\\nrun in the pasture until they are two months old, when they are placed\\nin the flock with their mothers.\\nLast year I sent a carload of fat wethers to San Francisco, which\\nnetted me $2.40 each for the meat. They were all large, heavy-fleeced\\nanimals. I had arranged in advance with a butcher to handle them,\\nfor which service he received 50 cents per head.\\nI have heard of some shipments to San Francisco that did not net\\nthe shipper 75 cents per head, owing to the fact that no arrangement\\nhad been made about selling them.\\nMr. C. P. Bailey, San Jose, California, says\\nWe run our flocks in lots of 1,500 to 2,000 head.\\nHave found goats more capable of resisting wild animals than\\nsheep are.\\nWe sometimes feed kids alfalfa in winter.\\nWe estimate cost of keeping at 60 cents per head per year.\\nWe sometimes dip our goats for lice. Use black-leaf tobacco dip.\\nWe begin breeding October 1st to November 25tli.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0417.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "^/d A Nczv Industry.\\nX. Y. Z., Ono, California, says\\nWe run our goats in flocks of 300.\\nHave two large sheds connected with our corrals.\\nI lose quite a number from wild animals.\\nCost of iceeping 50 cents to $1.0(1 per head, according to cost\\nof labor.\\nHave had goats eleven years and never had any disease among\\nthem.\\nI keep cattle on same range with my goats and find they both\\nget along well together.\\nWe shear twice a year, as snow hangs in the wool in winter in great\\nballs if allowed to get long.\\nWe have kids come in April.\\nThe poorest wooled does have mostly twins.\\nHave a few red kids.\\nThis section of California is mountanous and every one has a\\nsmall flock of goats from twenty-five to 300 head.\\nThe last few years cayotes have been very destructive. Some\\npeople raise a dog with the kids and it herds them well when there are\\nonly a small number.\\nWhen we have a heavy crop of black oak acorns, I do not raise\\nover fifteen per cent, of my kids; the most of them die as soon as born,\\nor are born dead. I suppose it must be caused by the acorns, as I never\\nloose any, or have any trouble, except following a heavy crop of these\\nacorns. A few acorns will not affect them seriously.\\nButchers buy all our wethers in this country, and pay $1.50 to\\n$2.00 each for them. I deliver mine dressed, at the mines, near here,\\nand get 5 cents, to 6 cents, per pound, and get about 30 cents for my\\nskins, sheared.\\nI have never bought a pure bred Angora buck.* I buy or trade\\nfor one every second year, and get the best I can in this part of the\\ncountry.\\nMr. Wni. Richter, Ico, California, says:\\nWe find sale for wether goats anywhere in the State\\nStock goats sell for $-2;Oo to $3.00 per head.\\nThe altitude of our County is 1,000 feet above sea level.\\nWe herd our goats with a dog, and run them in flocks of 1,000 head.\\nThey herd them and bring them home every night, and keep wild\\nanimals from bothering them.\\n(*Foot note.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 If the reader will observe XYZ s report on shearing,\\nhe will see that he only receives two pounds from wethers, one and one-\\nhalf from does, and one pound from- kids, which is no doubt owing to the\\nneed of purer bucks.)", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0418.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "A Otcs Practical Breeders. _///\\nHave found goats more capable of defending themselves against\\ndogs than sheep.\\nWe estimate cost of keeping goats nothing.\\nWe begin breeding in October.\\nWe have a great many twin kids every other year.\\nWe figure our per cent, of loss nothing from death.\\nMr. Jas. H. Ditnison, Upper Lake, California, says\\nWe have only found a market for our wethers in late years. We\\nsell at San Francisco, now, without trouble.\\nI am decidedly in favor of importing new blood. That is, what is\\nneeded.\\nWe run them in flocks of 1,000 head.\\nWe find them more capable of protecting themselves from wild\\nanimals and dogs than sheep are.\\nI do not feed in winter but I think it will pay to do so.\\nI estimate cost of keeping 15 cents to 20 cents per head.\\nRegarding disease, goats sometimes get poisoned. They call it\\nblind staggers.\\nMr. Philo Ogden, Upper Lake, California, says j\\nWe find ready sale for our wethers at home markets.\\nOur altitude is 2,000 feet above sea level.\\nWe pasture our goats and use board and picket fencing.\\nWe estimate cost of keeping, per year, $1.00 per head.\\nWe begin kidding April 1st.\\nWe have about ten per cent, twins.\\nNo colored kids.\\nMr. Jacob Oaks, Paskenta, California, says\\nWe find market for our wether goats in small towns.\\nOur altitude is 1000 feet.\\nWe have known them to bunoh up and fight dogs. i\\nWe estimate cost of keeping, 15 cents per head per year.\\nWe begin breeding October 25.\\nWe have a great many twins and very often triplets.\\nI started in with only a few goats for meat purposes, and soon had\\nquite a flock of them which I let out on shares, as I have no brush land\\non my farm now.\\nE. R. Williams, Redding. Cal. says\\nAm in favor of starting a register and importing new blood\\nwherever we can get the best.\\nAnj ordinar^v close fence will hold goats.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0419.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "_fi8 A A ezi Industry.\\nI regard them an advantage to other stock, rather than a disad-\\nvantage when they are kept in the same pasture.\\nWe begin breeding in October.\\nSome of my neighbors are bothered with crooked kids. They\\nsay it is acorns. I think it comes from in-breeding.\\nI liave dogs trained to stay with my goats. It is a great success\\nwith small docks.\\nWe have but very few losses from death. Have lost some from\\neating buckeye and milk weed. I dose them with lard.\\nThere are quite a number of goat raisers in this section.\\nl\\\\[r. R. J. Linton, Ager, California, says\\nI butcher all my own wether goats and market them at Yreka.\\nThe altitude of our country is 800 feet.\\nWe run them in tlocks of 400.\\nWe find that goats are more capable of defending themselves from\\ndogs or wild animals than sheep are. They stand and look at them\\nwhen sheep will run away.\\nCost of keeping is a boy s wages. $10.00 per month.\\nI intend to practice dipping for lice though I never have done\\nso yet. I shall use tobacco stems.\\ne begin breeding November 1st.\\nHave very few black kids.\\nA. ^ioon, Ona. Cal.\\nWe sell our mutton goats at our home market.\\nPasture sometimes and herd sometimes.\\nOur fencing is made from pickets.\\nHave only about 500 head.\\nWe only feed clover hay in bad. snowy weather.\\nCost of keeping is very small.\\nBegin breeding November loth.\\nHave very few otT-colored kids.\\n]\\\\Jr. Jas. A\\\\ ilder, Paskenta. California, says\\ne only pen goats in winter time.\\nHave never lost a goat by wolves. The wild cats are very bad on\\nyoitng kids.\\nWe estimate cost of running goats. 25 cents to 35 cents, according\\nto how they are run.\\nWe begin breeding November 1st.\\nMr. T. T. (r)sorne, Lowrey, Tehama County, California, says\\nT have only been in the goat business six years. I commenced with\\n200 nannies. Mv goats are of the Julius Weyand stock. I have", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0420.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "Ah)fcs Practical Breeders. ^jp\\nsold 400 head, and still have 1,100 head. My range is better than it\\nhas ever been. Goats are good property now, and they are easily\\nhandled.\\nI have sheds 200 feet long for kidding. I have pens for does and\\nIcids along one side of my shed, about twenty inches high, so that\\nnannies can jump in to their kids. When the kid is large enough to\\njump out, I let him go with his mother. I find this easier than picketing\\nthem out with rope.\\nI raised 500 goats this spring.\\nMy range, before I got goats, I could not run twenty-five head\\nof cattle on; now I can run 150 head of cattle. Goats are the stock\\nfor brushy land; they clear the land and the grass takes its place.\\nMy goats shear four pounds a year. I shear twice a year. My fall\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2clip cleared me 27 cents, and my spring clip 2Qyo cents.\\nI take lots of interest in my goats. I think they are the stock for\\ncl poor man to raise. When I started in the goat business, 1 borrowed\\n$650.00 and paid ten per cent, interest on it; now I have paid off that\\nnote and bought 1,600 acres of land just off my goats. I got my range\\nfor 25 cents an acre, and wouldn t sell it today for $2.00 an acre.\\nMr. D. C. Taylor, Lake Valley, N. M., says\\nI think we have the best goat country in the world m the Black-\\nRange Mountains. Altitude 6,000 feet. Dry climate (only about six\\ninches rain, on an average per year, and nearly all this in July). Plenty\\nof evergreen brush, and plenty of range. Water is scarce, on which\\naccount a watered place commands a large free range. I only own\\nthree forty-acre tracts, and control 30,000 acres of range.\\nI had about 800 does this (1899) year and will raise about 783 kids,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0with one $10.00-a-month Mexican boy for herder.\\nI have my pens so arranged that two men can save all the kids\\nfrom 1,000 does with very little labor. It is all in knowing how.\\nI shear my dry goats twice a year; my breeding does only once.\\nMr. J. C. Hightower, Rnidosa, N. M., says\\nI sell my wethers at home without trouble.\\nI find this country well adapted to the goat business. Altitude is\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a06,500 feet.\\nI run 1,200 in a flock. I have seen as many as 3,000 head in\\none flock.\\nI estimate 40 cents as cost of keeping per year.\\nI breed about November 15th.\\nPercentage of loss from natural causes is small, probably two per\\ncent., but sometimes the loss is heavy after shearing, unless they are\\nprotected by sheds.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0421.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "420 A New Industry.\\nMr. A. D. Norcop, Separ, N. M., says:\\nThis is what might be called a semi-desert country. Brush is\\nscarce. We have sotol, corahanoo palmyra, or dagger, mesquite, grease\\nwood, etc., etc. Higher tip in the Burro Mountains we have what is\\nknown as mahogony oak. juniper, and other brush.\\nWe don t think it advisable to run goats with other stock in this\\ncountry. Our water is scarce, and I don t think horses, or cattle, like to\\ndrink at the same trough with goats. Besides this, the goats are\\noften e.ither killed or injured by the larger stock when they are watering\\nat the same time.\\nI have Mexican herders.\\nI sell our mutton at Silver City.\\nI have known of goats killing the cayote when the latter has\\nsneaked into their corral or pen.\\nI estimate cost of keeping goats here, 25 cents per head per annum.\\nI have never dipped for lice but intend to begin the practice as I\\nconsider it would be an advantage to the animal.\\nI do not have very many twin kids, and but a few off-colored kids\\nwhich I visually kill.\\nMr. E. VVeistrand, Cooiiey, N. M., says\\nI think we have the finest goat country in America.\\nI run 1,000 nannies in a flock.\\nI begin breeding in November.\\nHave no ofif-colored kids.\\nThe Onclerdonk Live Stock Co., Lamy, N. M., say:\\nOiir experience has been greater with the common (Mexican)\\ngoat than with the Angora; but we are of the opinion the latter class\\nare much better adapted to this climate than the former. They seem\\nto be better able to stand the cold weather; and, with no greater care,\\nwill take on more flesh than the common goat.\\nWe have purchased a range of 28,000 acres of land which we have\\nfenced, not so much to hold our goats as to prevent any of our neighbors\\nstock ranging on our property.\\nWe herd in bands of 1,500 to 1,000 head and have drilled wells,\\nat convenient distances (four to six miles apart), and have located at\\nthe wells corrals for working and kidding our goats.\\nWe have properly trained Collie dogs to assist our shepherds. They\\nseem to be very useful in gathering up any stray goats, and in herding\\nthe flock.\\nWe are greatly troubled with cayotes, and are looking for some kind\\nof dog that will attack them, or keep them ofT our range.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0422.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "Ahitcs Practical Breeders. zfji\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Regarding the acquiring of land in this country, the cost of it, etc.,\\nI can give you very little information outside of our own experience.\\nWe are pasturing on our own land. Of course, the Government land\\nis free grazing, and we suppose it can be accjuired by the usual laws of the\\nUnited States relating to that matter; probably at a cost of $1.50 an\\nacre and upwards.\\nThe cost of digging wells varies according to the situation. We\\nhave our own machine and employ drillers by the month, but previous\\nto this we contracted the work at $1.50 per foot for the first hundred feet,\\nand $2.00 per foot for the second hundred feet. We have some fine wells\\nthirty-five (35) feet deep, and some two hundred and thirty-five (235)\\nfeet deep, depending on the situation; as in some places the ground is\\nsoft and easily drilled and in other places it seems to be composed of\\nvolcanic rock and is extremely hard. I think, however, it would be\\nsafe to say that wells one hundred (100) feet deep would average $1.50\\nper foot.\\nI only pen my goats in winter.\\nMr. A. R. Tate, Wintersett, Iowa, says:\\nI feed rough hay, fodder,etc.\\nI, count the cost of keeping very little.\\njNIy goats rtni with cattle and seem to get along well with them.\\nT breed for April kids.\\nI have one pair of twins in about eight does. Only a few colored\\nkids\\nDr. T- R- Stancllev. Platteville, Iowa, savs\\nI have had no trouble to sell all my wether goats at any of our large\\nmarkets.\\nI do not think it necessary to import new blood. Think we have as\\ngood as we could get anywhere.\\nThe altitude of our country is 800 feet.\\nT use twenty-four-inch woven wire and two barbed wires above.\\nT only pen in cold, rainy weather.\\nI have had some kids killed by dogs, but never any old goats.\\nI feed goats about the same as sheep. The cost of keeping is about\\nthe same also.\\nI have never had a sick goat.\\nI use arsenic, one pound to sixteen gallons of water, for a dip to\\nkill lice.\\nI think a few goats are an advantage to other stock in same\\npasture.\\nT breed December 1st.\\nI have had very few twins; about one per cent, off-colors.\\nT have had no loss by death, to speak of.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0423.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "^22 A NcTU Industry.\\nMessrs. Morgan Morgan, Clay, Iowa, say\\nWe have no trouble in selling mutton goats in Chicago.\\nThe altitude of our country is 2,000 feet.\\nOur goat pasture is enclosed with a woven-wire base, twenty-six\\ninches high, and two barbed wires on top.\\nThey take good care to go into the shed when they want to,,\\nwithout any driving.\\nWe feed goats fodder, same as sheep.\\nWe estimate cost of keeping, 50 cents per head.\\nWe use a tobacco dip for lice.\\nWe breed in November.\\nMr. I. J. Booth, Cresco, Iowa, says\\nI feed clover and oats in winter.\\nSome of my goats have swelling of the throat, like bronchitis.\\nI use carbolic acid and water for a dip to kill lice.\\nI breed November 20tli.\\nMr. J. C. Morton, Indianola, Iowa, says\\nI use woven wire (Kitselman s).\\nI feed in winter, hay and a little corn.\\nCost of keeping is $1.00.\\nA few of mine have sore feet.\\nI breed in November.\\nHon. A. H. Edwards, Audubon, Iowa\\nI have found Angoras do very well in this section.\\nI place all my wethers in Chicago market without any difficulty.\\nI enclose my goat pasture with five wires.\\nI only shed them in winter.\\nI feed grain and hay in winter.\\nI dip in Cooper Dip for lice.\\nMr. S. S. McKibben, Earlham, Iowa, says\\nMy experience in breeding the Angora goat has been limited,\\nbut I have gone far enough to know that our country is admirably\\nadapted to them, and that they will produce a larger amount of mohair\\nof a smoother and better character, than in Texas, where I have\\nreceived nearly all my goats from.\\nI have sold goats to possibly 500 different parties, in lots vary-\\ning from a single animal, up to as many as 200; and I have not yet\\nheard of any dissatisfaction; but, upon the contrary, all are well pleased\\nwith them, and many of them intend to increase their holdings.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0424.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "A ofcs Practical Breeders. jjj\\nI breed in December so that I have my kids come at a time (Ma}\\nwhen vegetation is well started, and it gives me ample time to shear\\nin April before the kidding begins.\\nI feed shock corn to rough my goats through the colder months\\n(unless there are plenty of hazel nuts), and they have free run to a\\nstack of oat straw, or some other kind of roughness.\\nI think it is proper to let them go to water and salt whenever\\nthe} are so inclined.\\nMy experience has been that if the goats are brought into the\\nState of Iowa during the spring or summer months, they will do better\\nthan if brought here in the winter.\\nMy losses have been almost entirely confined to stock that I have\\nimported from Texas in cold weather.\\nMr. J. R- Barnette, Globe, Arizona, says\\nI find a local demand for mutton.\\nThe altitude of our section of country is 4,000 feet.\\nI loose herd my goats.\\nNever pen them except to work with them.\\nDo not shed any.\\nI only have about 900 head. 1.500 can be run in one flock easily,\\nand with greater profit of course.\\nI do not think there is much difference between sheep and goats\\nas far as wild animals are concerned. I have seen a little cayote scare\\na big flock of goats nearly to death.\\nI usually breed October 1st.\\nI have but few twins in my better grades of goats.\\nGoats are kept here strictly for .mohair.\\nMr. J. F. Holder, Payson, Arizona, says\\nI find sale for all my mutton goats at the local mining camps.\\nI run 3()0 to 1,000 in a flock.\\nI find wild animals troublesome at times.\\nI estimate cost of keeping, 45 cents per year.\\nI begin kidding, generally. May IsL.\\nI am in favor of importing new blood for stud flocks, and any\\nothers who want them, but if the average breeder would try to get the\\nbest bucks they can from our home stud flocks, instead of using any\\n$10.00 buck, because he looks well, and nearly as good as a Harris\\nand Baylor, or a Landrum buck, they would have much better blood\\nthan they now have, and the United States standard of mohair would\\ngo up rapidly.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0425.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "Ji.21^ A Nciv Industry.\\nI do not herd my goats, I just watch them a good distance off\\n(loose herd them). Goats are not like sheep, and have to be driven to\\nfeed and back to the ranch when night comes. The goat wants his\\nliberty and will stay fatter the year round, and produce more mohair,\\nif they are turned loose, and permitted to go where they prefer. If\\nyou give them plenty of fine salt, or sheep salt, they will come home\\nat night and lay in, and around, the corral, and leave next morning\\nwhen they get ready. Follow along after them and see that nothing\\nbothers them, but do not restrain them, and they will do better and\\nproduce you more mohair, and of a better ciuality.\\nI think black, or colored, kids are an indication of bad blood. I\\nhad several blue-backed kids last year, but as I am cutting out all the\\ntime, and breeding up at the same time, 1 have very few kids that\\nwere blue or red this year.\\nI select bucks on individual merit, and some on long breeding,\\nbut mostly on the grade and quality of the buck s offspring. I don t give\\na snap for the general appearance of a buck if his kids are above the\\naverage standard. I buy a buck for his ability to get kids one that\\nwill put mohair of a superior kind all over them.\\nMr. Ira Harper, Clifton, Arizona, says\\nT find my section well suited to the Angora.\\nOur altitude is 7,000 feet.\\nI don t herd but let them run loose. I only have about 300.\\nMy goats always run home when anything disturbs them on the\\nrange.\\nMy flock has only cost me plenty of salt.\\nI let my bucks run with my flock all year. I think November is\\nthe proper month to breed.\\nI have about twenty-five per cent, of kids.\\nI attribute my success to plenty of salt.\\nI have had wethers to come back home after they had been driven\\nten miles away, which is something a sheep has not sense enough\\nto do.\\nWm. Horn, Camp Verde, Arizona\\nI butcher ni} own goats (wethers) and sell them at home.\\nI think this section is a little too cold.\\nI herd my goats with dogs.\\nI have about 400 head.\\nI find them almost the same as sheep, as far as wild animals are\\nconcerned.\\nI feed alfalfa hay in winter.\\nMy expense is about 40 cents per year per head.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0426.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "Xofcs Practical Breeders. ^j 3\\nHave had some catarrh.\\nI kid in April, general!}\\nAbout five per cent, off-colored kids.\\nMr. C. D. Tuthill, TuthiU. [Minn., says\\nI am convinced that the Angora goat is one of the most profit-\\nable animals we can propagate.\\nI have demonstrated to my entire satisfaction that I can produce\\nmeat for my family and hired hands cheaper from goats than from\\nany other class of live stock, and I believe it to be the most healthful,\\nas well as tempting to the appetite.\\nSince I have been keeping goats, and eating their rich, juicy\\nmeat, I have a far greater regard for the good sense of Rebecca when\\nold Isaac was blind and wanted a savory dish. She did not select a\\nboned turkey, or stewed oysters, but a tender young kid. And the milk\\nof the goat is the healthiest known, and many invalids could be\\nnursed back to health; and the lives of many sickly children saved\\nby simply using goat s milk.\\nI had one grade Angora nanny (doe) that would give me three\\nquarts per daj This same doe not onh^ brought forth, but raised ten, kids\\nin five years.\\nI have pastured goats with horses, with sheep and hogs, and have\\nnever had anything but the best results. I do not believe there is a case\\non record where the goat has crossed with the sheep.\\nI use our mutton wethers at home.\\nJ have found this section most admirably adapted to raising the\\nAngora.\\nI fence with seven barbed wires, posts ten feet apart.\\nI only have about 100 head.\\nI feed wild hay and corn fodder in winter.\\nI begin breeding May 1st.\\nOccasionally an off-colored kid.\\ni\\\\Iy goats cost me less than $1.00 per head per year.\\nLoss from death is little or nothing.\\nAir. A. G. Wilcox, Hugo, Minn, says\\nWe use our muton goats at home.\\nI fence with woven wire.\\nI only shed them in bad weather.\\nMy flock consists of seventy-five.\\nI find my older goats more capable of resisting dogs, but the kids\\nabout the same as sheep.\\nI feed hay, corn fodder and oats in winter.\\nI estimate $1.00 per head the expense of keeping.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0427.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "426 A Nezv Industry.\\nI use Cooper s Dip for dipping lo kill lice.\\nI begin breeding in December.\\nAbout five per cent, twins.\\nOccasionally a reddish or yellow kid.\\nHave had no losses from death.\\nWhen I got goats first, we had fences that were all right for\\nsheep and pigs, but were no restraint to goats. They would go\\nthrough anything we had, and were a great nuisance. In the spring\\nI built a woven-wire fence (Lamb s) of the Page type, and that\\nheld them. No trouble since.\\nMr. E. Graves, Princeton, Minn., says\\nI purchased my first goats from Mr. C. D. Tuthill.\\nI have found this section very well suited to raising goats.\\nI feed only good hay in winter.\\nHave never known of any disease among them.\\nI begin breeding in January.\\nI would not farm without goats. I find that my jheep keep much\\nhealthier since I have had goats.\\nMr. A. Lippinctitt, Sheridan, Mo., says\\nI use woven wire for fencing.\\nI feed straw and corn fodder.\\nEstimate cost of keeping, 50 cents per head per year.\\nBegin breeding November 1st.\\nHave no off-colored kids.\\nHave had no deaths or disease.\\nMr. L. B. Dougherty, Liberty, Mo., says:\\nI only had fifty head of nannies. Kept them five years. Liked\\n1 hem, very well. Kept no account of shearing or other statistics. Made\\nnothing out of the venture, but could with proper care make them very\\nprofitable. Don t know any one in our covmtry who owns goats.\\nMr. W. J. Seever, St. Louis, Mo., Says\\nThe altitude of the section where I have goats is 900 feet.\\nI fence with seven barb wire.\\nOnly have to shed in bad weather.\\nI have found goats will invariably face a dog, and will generally\\nintimidate the brute with his boldness.\\nThey earn more than they cost to keep.\\nHave never heard of any disease.\\nI regard goats as being a great advantage to other stock in the\\nsame pasture.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0428.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "Notes Practical Bra dcrs.\\n4-V\\nReferring to mutton qualities, I frequently visit our stock yards-\\nand have noticed that fat Angora goats are snapped up very fast by the\\npackers, at prices higher than I care to pay for breeding purposes. I\\nhave seen fat wethers bring prices equal to sheep, and a few thin does.\\nmade but little difference in the sale.\\nMr. J. Glome Miles, Silver Bend, Mont., says\\nI have found Montana a fine goat country.\\nI have only about 350 head, which I pen every night, in winter and-\\nspring.\\nI find them very little trouble, and only feed them occjsionly in\\nwinter with wild hay.\\nThey are free from all diseases.\\nI dip them, when necessary, for lice, with lime and sulphur.\\nI begin breeding December 10th.\\nMr. S. S. Brannin, Marysville, Mont., says\\nThe altitude of our country is 5,000 feet, and is very finely suited,\\nto raising goats.\\nI herd my goats some, and let them run loose as well, at\\ntimes.\\nT pen in the winter and shed them too.\\nI only have about 700.\\nI breed November 1st.\\nAbout four-fifths of my does have twins.\\nNo off-colored.\\nMy losses seldom exceed two or three per cent,\\nMr. J. S. Harris, Oakley, Idaho, says\\nI do not sell any wethers.\\nOur country, I think, is too cold and blustery to raise goats to the\\nbest advantage. The cost is too great compared with milder climates,\\nand percentage of increase much less.\\nI herd my goats and feed alfalfa hay in the winter months.\\nI dip with Zenoleum, which I think is very good.\\nI begin breeding November loth.\\nThe increase here is about seventy-five per cent.\\nDeath rate is seldom over five per cent.\\nI rarely have twin kids, and very seldom any off-colored.\\nIf we are to import any new blood, I prefer that they should come\\nfrom Turke}\\nDr. Tuttle, Tacoma, Wash., says\\nI have not found this section very well adapted to raising goats.\\nI allow my goats to run loose, and have my bucks with them the\\nyear round.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0429.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "428 A New Industry.\\nI keep them in pasture in straight rail fence.\\nI only pen them in winter, and shed them in bad weather.\\nI feed only when weather is bad in the winter. Mostly hay, and oat\\nstraw.\\nThe cost of keeping hardly exceeds 25 cents per head.\\nI have had the scours attack some of my old does.\\nI do not dip for lice.\\nI think goats are objectionable with milch cows, but not with\\nhorses.\\nMy kids begin to come about March 1st.\\nName omitted, Biicoda, Wash., says\\nI find ready sale for my muttons to home butchers.\\nThe altitude here is 140 feet.\\nWe make our pasture fence out of lails and posts.\\nWe only pen during rainy season.\\nWe have never been bothered with dogs or wolves.\\nWe do not have to feed much in winter.\\nAside from pasture, 15 cents per head will cover expenses.\\nHave never dipped for lice, but intend to begin doing so.\\nMy cows and horses feed with them all right.\\nI breed middle of October.\\nAfter they are two years old, two-thirds of them have twins.\\nHave no off-colored kids.\\nHave only lost six old goats in eight years.\\nMr. Chris Niehson, Burhngton, Wyo., says\\nI find sale for wethers among my neighbors.\\nWe run 1,5(J0 in a flock, but they will do better in smaller\\nflocks.\\nThe old ones are less liable to destruction from wild animals than\\nthe kids.\\nI estimate 50 cents per year expense of keeping.\\nI have dipped with lime and sulphur for lice but it is not good.\\nI breed here middle of December.\\nHave a good many twins, but very few off-colored.\\nMy goats have been sent to Utah, where I formerly ranched\\nhtem, but I shall remain here.\\nMr. Jos. R. HambUn, Kaiiab, Utah, says\\nI have very poor sale for wethers.\\nMy place is excellent for goat raising. Altitude 4000 feet.\\nI herd my goats on account of wild animals.\\nI run 1,600 to 2,000 head in a flock.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0430.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "Notes Practical Breeders. ^2Q\\nI estimate cost, 30 cents per head per year.\\nWe begin kidding May 1st.\\nNearly all our yearlings have twins, but very few off-colors.\\nFrom my experience with the Angora, I have found them to be\\nvery intelligent and interesting animals. While they are very persistent\\nand contrary, it is very easy to control and handle them. They are\\nvery sensitive to wet, cold weather, yet they can endure a great deal.\\nAs to drouth, scarcity of water and heat, I believe the goat is\\nthe hardiest of all animals. The female is a very good mother, and\\nmost excellent multiplier, seldom having less than two; and, although\\na good suckler, will not care for more than one of them, unless proper\\ncare is taken. The kid is very stupid when young, and cannot stand\\nwet, cold weather. As it grows, however, it adapts itself to the climate\\nand becomes ciuite playful. They are very nice, but troublesome, pets.\\nThe coyote loves to catch them; the wild cat is even more fond of\\nthem, and these two animals cause much loss in young kids unless great\\ncare is taken.\\nI have found the most practical way of kidding is to stake or pen\\neach kid, or pair of kids, separately, for at least three weeks. If you\\npen, have it just about large enough for the mothers and kids, leaving a\\nlow place for the mother to jump in, or cut, and too high for the kid to\\njump out. If you stake the kids you should attach a string to the left, or\\nright, fore foot (string about two feet long), and tie fast to a peg\\ndriven down close to the surface of the ground. If you stake twins, the\\none by the right, and the other by the left fore leg. and stake them to\\nthe same pin. If there should be more than two, tie them all so that they\\nmay have free play, and yet be together.\\nThe old scientific theory of handling kids with gloved hands is\\nvery absurd, for we have learned by experience that you may carry a\\nkid a long distance, and the main thing is to have the mother (who\\nwill naturally follow the kid when you pick it up to carry it away) to\\nsmell of the kid, to be sure it is her own, and you will have no more\\ntrouble with her.\\n^Ir. R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kan., says\\nI have found our section of country very well adapted to raising\\nthe Angora.\\nThe altitude is 1,000 feet above sea level.\\nI fence with barbed wire, seven strands, five inches apart from\\nthe ground for four wires; and seven mches, nine inches, and twelve\\ninches, for the remaining three strands: posts ten feet apart, and stays\\nevery three feet. This makes a goat proof as well as a good stock fence\\ngenerally.\\nI pasture my goats always, and pen them every night.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0431.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "430 A Nezv Industry.\\nI ha\\\\e never had any trouble from either dogs or wolves. I put\\nbells on quite a number.\\nI feed corn fodder, hay and straw in winter.\\nI estimate cost of keeping, 35 cents to 45 cents per head per\\nryear.\\nHave never had any disease of any kind.\\nI have practiced dipping for lice, with arsenic.\\nI have my kids to come in April.\\nMr. J. K. Young, Woodward, Ok., says\\nI market my mutton goats in Kansas City.\\nThe altitude of our country is 3,000 feet.\\nI herd my goats on bunch grass, and scrub oak brush.\\nI only have to shed in spring and bad weather.\\nI run flocks of 1,000 to 1,500.\\nI feed only in severe storms, dry hay.\\nI estimate cost of keep, 25 cents.\\nI begin breeding December 1st.\\nAbout twenty-five per cent, twins. No ofif-colors.\\nMr. O. D. Hill, Kendalia, West Va., says\\nThe altitude of our country is 1.500 feet, and I have found it to be\\nvery well adapted to the Angora.\\nMy goats run loose, and I. seldom pen them.\\nIn winter I occasionly feed some corn, but only in bad weather.\\nI estimate cost of keeping, 50 cents per year or less.\\nHave never had any sickness.\\nI breed twice a year. Cannot say what the regular increase will\\nbe. but would estimate on 150 per cent., judging from the breeding\\nof my own goats.\\nMy kids are all pure white.\\nMr. Jas. A. Bill, Bill Hill P. O., Conn., says\\nI have found our state equally as well adapted to the Angora goat\\nas it is to sheep.\\nI only herd in winter, and pasture in summer.\\nI only pen in winter.\\nI have about seventy-five head. Tliey are much more capable of\\ndefending themselves from dogs than sheep are.\\n*Since the above report was made, Mr. Jas. A. Bill has died,\\nand his son, Mr. Kansas N. Bill, writes me under date of April 16th,\\nthat the industry is rapidly gaining in Connecticut, and that he has\\nsold every thing they had except twelve head of does.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0432.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "A ofcs Practical Breeders. ^jz\\nI feed in winter hay and grain, the same as sheep.\\nThe cost of keeping is about the same.\\nHave never known any disease.\\nI practice dipping for Hce and use a carboHc dip.\\nThey are in no way objectionable to other kinds of stock.\\nI breed early in May, and the increase is about on a par with that\\nin sheep.\\nI have a good many twins, but no colored kids.\\nThe percentage of loss is little or nothing, and ought to be none\\nat all.\\nCol. J. Wash. Watts, Montville, S. C, says:\\nI commenced breeding the Angora goat soon after they were\\nimported into this country in 1849. I found them to be well adapted\\nto this climate.\\nI usually kept them in pastures, but would sometimes herd them.\\nOur fencing was made of rail. I think wire is better.\\nI always penned them at night, and housed them in bad weather.\\nI never kept over 200 at one time.\\nI learned that the dog would not molest the goat near as much as\\nthey do sheep. An old goat will run after a dog.\\nI always fed cotton seed in winter.\\nMy estimate of the cost of keeping them was 50 cents per head\\nper year.\\nThey have never had any disease that I know of, but I heard of\\nsome having foot rot, and a few of them mange.\\nI always used tobacco for dipping to remove lice.\\nI sheared in April, and if left later, they would shed.\\nWould breed in August or September.\\nEighty to ninety per cent, was considered an average increase.\\nThe pure bred has twins very rarely, and no off-colored kids.\\nLoss from death was not more than two per cent.\\nMr. Lafayette Holt, Burlington, N. C, says:\\nI find ready sale for my surplus stock at home, where they are\\nslaughtered for mutton.\\nThe altitude of our country is 1,800 feet.\\nMy pasture fence is made from rails and wire.\\nI do not shed my goats except in bad weather.\\nOnly keep a small number.\\nI usually feed in winter, hay fodder, etc.\\nHave been bothered some with staggers.\\nI do not dip for lice.\\nI breed in September.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0433.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "^^2 A Nczc Iiidiisfry.\\nAn Angora buck will keep off dogs from a flock of sheep.\\nI believe any one who has a sickly child, and will put vip with the\\nodor from a buck goat, can make the child well and strong, by letting him\\nuse him as a plaything, hauling a little wagon, etc.\\nDr. M. Barrett, Maidens, Va., says\\nI have been raising the Angora for the past twenty years, and find\\nthem strong, hearty and prolific.\\nHave never lost any from disease, and I think they are just the\\nmeat we ought to raise.\\nThey are but very little trouble an J no expense, as they get their\\nown living if let loose on a farm.\\nThey frequently kid twice in a year.\\nI have never made use of their hair, except for padding, as it is\\na little coarse.\\nThey grow very large and usually get their growth at three\\nyears old.\\nI keep them chiefiy for home consumption, though I sell occasionly\\nat $2.00 for mutton. I think they will soon take the place of sheep for\\nmutton. My kids, at six months, dress thirty-live to forty-live pounds,\\ngiving a nice lot of tallow, superior to mutton, as it keeps in warmest\\nweather.\\nThe skins are pretty and useful for making robes and rugs. I\\nvalue goats more than sheep.\\nI have several goats now. seventeen years old, still fat and hearty.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0434.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "cn\\na\\na\\na\\ns\\nQ\\na\\nKev. D. S. Babb, Sonora.\\nR. S Wyatt, Sonora.\\nJohn Brown, Sonora.\\nH W. Galbraith, Montell\\nW. M. Landrum, Laguna.\\nJeff Pepper, hock Springs.\\nHenry Fink, Leon Springs.\\nJ. M. Arnold, Montell\\nC Dissler, Juno\\nJas. Pauers( n. Junction City.\\nDoughter Luitrell, Lipan.\\nVV. W Haupt, Kyle.\\nGeo W. Baylor. Montell.\\nB. L Crouch. Pearsall.\\nD. G. Avery, Marathon.\\nJ. v\\\\ Garrett, Mountain Home.\\nR. H. Lowry, Camp San Saba.\\nH. B. Marshall. Austin.\\nJ. D. Hunter, Junction City.\\nTom S. Evans. Exile\\nH. T. Fuchs, Tiger Mill.\\nW. R. McKee. Junction City\\nThos. H. Tongue, Hillsboro.\\nGeo. A. Houcl^, Eugene.\\nScott Obye, N. Yamhill\\nD. A. Walker, Carlton.\\nO. Dowell, Florence.\\nA. Blackburn, N Yamhill.\\nJ. M. Hassler Larwood.\\nJ H. Hawley, Monmouth.\\nFrank H Rogers, Gardiner.\\nOscar Tom, A ngora\\nMr. Masters, Cleveland.\\nJas McDonald, Morrison.\\na bsi\\nII\\nA. R. Tate, Winuersett.\\nJ. K. Standley, Platteville.\\nMorgan Morgan, Clay.\\nI. J. Booth, Cresco.\\nJ. C. Morton, Indianola.\\nA. H. Edwards, Audubon.\\nS. S. McKibben, Earlham.\\nOS\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ON\\noooooocooooooooooooooc\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2S8A\\nc\\no O O O C O\\n00\\nOS\\nc\\nfi\\nc o\\n01\\no\\no\\ns\\n:o o o o \u00e2\u0096\u00a0_ o\\nc\\nc\\ns\\n9 o5 s\\nocooo-o;;o;::::o::;;:;\\no o o o o\\no c\\no\\no\\noo loooo fooo :c :oo\\no o o o o c o\\no c o\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0S9A\\n3\\n!0\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ON\\noo:c.:oo;:oo:o;::::0:\\noooo ::::c:o: r\\no\\nS9A\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2;o:.o:::o:,::oo.:0:: o\\n:..oooo :oo\\n5 o\\np OS I \u00c2\u00a9OKI\\no\\n__\\n:i osiuoii\\no o\\no\\noiiiyooi\\n3\\n00I\u00c2\u00ae06\\n;oo :ooo :o :oo :ooooo\\no o o o o\\n08\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0aoiAVjj\\no o o\\noooooooo -ooo -o -ooooo\\no o o\\n5 o\\nTf\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a290TIO\\n.:::::::ooo:::0:0:;;\\nocooooooooococ\\nO O o o o o\\n-Y^\\nON\\nooo :oooo ;ooo ;o :o :oooo\\nooooooooooooco\\nc o c o\\nsaA\\no\\nM\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ON\\n000:000:0 o:.:ooooo:oo\\no o o o\\nc\\nS3 A\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2o- -oc-ooo\\n:o :ooooo :c\\nc o D\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ON\\noooooooooc ooooeooooooc\\noooooo :ooooocc\\nO C C o\\nS3A\\no\\nON\\ns.^A\\n......Q...OO\\nooo :ooooo :o :oc\\nO C C O O c\\nd\\nON\\n;oo :oooo :oooo :oooo\\no o\\nS9A\\noo::o::::o::\\no o\\nc\\no :oooo :oo -oc\\no\\n00\\nON\\nS9A\\no c o\\no\\n:cooocoooooooc\\nC C C 3 o\\nON\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a000:0:0:0;:\\no o o c\\no o o o\\nc o o\\nS9A\\noo :o :o :o :oo\\no o o o c\\no o\\no\\nc\\n=D\\nOM\\n:oooooooco\\no;oooo :oo\\nsaA\\no\\no o\\ncoco\\no o\\noooo c\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a\\nOM\\no\\no\\nz\\nc o\\no o o c -0\\nOo\\no o c o\\nS9A\\n:ooo;coo-o\\noooo:o :oo\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a20\\no,v\\nS3A\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ON\\nO D O\\n;o200oooooooc\\noooooooocio=ccio:occ ;o\\nc\u00c2\u00ab\\nc\\no\\n:::o;0:::;:::::;o\\nsaA\\nooo\\no\\no o\\no o\\nooooo\\no :o\\nc c 3\\nCO 1\\n(N\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0BOtJJV s\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\n-.Sasianx\\no o o\\no\\nO\\no c c\\no\\n:i\\nov\\no\\no\\no\\no\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2S9A\\nooooooooooooooo\\no o o o\\no o o o o\\no o o c 1\\nm\\nEH\\nX\\nc\\nc\\nC\\n1\\nC3\\no", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0435.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "a\\na\\nin\\n03\\nQ\\na\\nn\\nConklin Bios., NewviUe\\nE. L. Maze, UpperLake.\\nJ. M. Wimmer, Millviile.\\nF. U. Smith, Skaggs Springs.\\nCj. P. Bailey, San Jose.\\nX Y Z, Ono.\\nWm. Kiehter, Ico.\\n(U\\n.is!\\n^-\u00e2\u0096\u00a03\\nl-5p-|H-5\\nsi\\nc\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a\\nsec\\nC3\\na\\nCM\\n0)\\n1-5\\no\\nII\\ndo\\nta c\\nftO\\no\\nceo\\nO C3\\no d\\n6\\nE\\nQ.\\na\\nO\\nd\\nu\\no\\nw\\na\\nWJ\\n2\\n3 O O\\nHO S\\nw 1-\\n3o^\\nd H\\nd a\\nS o\\nmm\\nO\\n13\\nd\\nm^\\nIS\\no\\nM\\nm\\n1-5\\na\\no\\no\\nEh\\na\\nI\\nQ\\nC3\\n-a\\no\\no\\nd\\n4)\\na\\no\\na\\nCS\\n5.\\na\\nc\\n3\\nH\\nd\\no\\na\\na\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2c\\nO\\nas\\nON\\no\\nS9A\\no o o\\no\\no\\nX\\nOS\\nSI\\no\\nT\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2.5i 01\\no\\ni s\\no o\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\ny oi z\\nO O\\nooo\\no o\\nOOO:\\nO C\\no\\nt\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ON\\no o\\no\\no o\\nO\\no o\\no p\\no\\no\\no\\no z\\nsaA\\n50\\nOM\\no\\no\\nO O\\no\\no o o\\no o\\no\\no\\no\\nS8A\\no\\nooo\\no\\no\\nooo\\no\\no\\nO\\nn\\noei\u00c2\u00ae08i\\ni\\n0SI\u00c2\u00ae0U\\no\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a05 OU\u00c2\u00ae00I\\no\\no\\no\\n00l\u00c2\u00ae06\\nO\\no\\nO\\nO\\no o\\no\\no\\no\\nS^ 08\\no\\no\\no o\\nO O O\\no\\no\\no\\naoiM 1.\\no o\\nO O\\nO\\no o\\n90UO\\n:ooo :o -.oo\\no o\\no o\\nooo\\nc\\nO\\no\\no o\\no~\\nc\\nCO\\n2\\nON\\no;:ooo::oo;;o:\\no o c\\nOOOO\\no\\no\\no o\\no\\no\\nsaA\\nON\\noooo :ooooooooo\\noooo\\nooo.\\nooo\\no\\no\\nssA\\no\\no\\nON\\noooooooooooooo\\noooo\\nOOOO\\nooo\\no o\\no o\\no\\no\\n\u00c2\u00ab3A\\no\\nON\\noo :0 :0000000\\noooo\\no o o\\no\\no\\no\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0saA\\nooo\\no\\no\\no\\no\\n05\\nN\\n:::.:0::0:0:::\\nOO\\no\\no\\no\\n^--A\\n;oo :oo :o :oo\\no o\\no\\no o\\nO 0\\no\\no\\n00\\nN\\no\\no\\noo\\no\\ns- A\\noooo :000500 -O\\no o\\no\\no\\nO\\no o\\no\\no o\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2N\\no o\\no\\no\\nsaA\\nooo ;oc :ooooc\\noooo\\no o o\\no\\no 1\\no o\\nto\\nON\\nooo :oc :o :ooo\\nooo\\no\\no\\no\\no o\\no\\nsaA\\nooo\\no o\\nlO\\nON\\n3\\nooo\\no o\\nC\\nS3 A\\nooo :oo :o :ooo\\no o e\\no\\no c\\no\\no\\nTt\\nON\\no\\no\\nS4A\\noo ;OOOoOOOOOOO\\no o\\n2 O o\\nooo\\no o\\no o\\n1\\nCO\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0N\\n1\\nsaA\\noooo lOOOOOOOOO\\nooo\\noooo\\nooo\\no o\\no o\\no\\no o 1 c\\nN\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Rni.rjv -g\\no o\\no o\\n\\\\a\u00c2\u00ab|.iax\\noooo:o:o:::o::\\no o\\no\\no\\no\\n3\\no\\nON\\no\\nsaA\\noo ;oooooooo o\\no o o c\\noooo\\no\\no o\\n03\\nc\\n1\\n4\\ng\\nO\\na;\\n1)\\nfi\\na\\n3\\no\\na\\ni\\nd\\no\\n6\\n2\\n1\\nd\\no\\nc\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0l\\nhi\\nd\\na\\no", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0436.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "C3\\na\\nX\\nK\\nr\\nC\\nV\\no\\na\\nu\\nu\\ns\\nc\\nc\\nsi\\nO\\nC3\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a\\no\\no\\na\\n3\\nC\\nC\\no\\nir\\nQ\\nd\\n1-5\\nc\\nc\\nc\\nc\\nli:\\nV\\n9\\nc5\\n1\\no\\no\\n1\\nO\\n1\\no\\n1\\n1\\no\\no\\no\\no\\n1\\no\\no\\no\\nO 1 o\\no\\n1\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\no\\nJ-\\n3\\n1\\n3\\nn\\na\\n.5\\nc\\no\\nc\\n5\\ns.\\na\\nC\\nC\\n1\\ni\\nc\\na\\n3\\nJ\\n3\\n2\\nc\\ni\\n5\\n5\\nOG\\nel\\nCO\\nli 01\\nin\\n9\\np\\n?a eons\\nOSl@OoI\\nosi@oii\\n01l\u00c2\u00ae001\\nTf\\n6t\u00c2\u00a7)06\\n00\\nCO\\n08\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a090IMX\\naono\\nBoujv -S\\nCO i\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Aan-inj,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ON\\nCOCOCOW W CO t- \u00c2\u00bbC CO\\nco^\\nSSA\\n13\\nbe i- X) 1\\n3\\n^2\\nbote\\n3 g\\nH S\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a03 3\\n:S ^5\\n1^1 fd be 1\\n(-2 s a c 1\\ninter?\\nble to defen\\nsheep are?.\\nV\\nbled with di\\nble to run wi\\nSa\\nc3c;\\n4^.2\\nsi -u\\nw\\n%B\\n:3\\nt.\\nD O\\nC 3\\no\\nlis\\n0:0:\\nZ\\nO\\nD\\n2^\\nCI\\nC3 3\\nC\\n1\\nt-\\nc\\nfor them in w\\noats better a\\nanimals than\\noats in winte\\nver been trou\\npping for lice\\nIts objectlona\\n0^\\nd;S\\nni P\\nblack, yellow\\nur percentag\\nchin your Sta\\nC03\\niu^ fl u m ac d M ai ._ iy\\nt. -2 -3\\nea 0-;\\n3\\nOv\\n11\\n.S3.-.\\nu herd your\\nu run them 1\\nu pen them\\nu have shed\\nyou found\\ni^es from wil\\nu feed your\\nyour goats\\nu practice d\\nyou found gc\\nds of slock?\\nu shear you\\ndo you cons\\nu have man\\nu have man\\nhas been y\\nyear?.\\noats used m\\nd?\\nO4J c\\niii5ooooD--.OaiO uco*foo^2SBc\\n0^\\nH5^\\nCO\\ns\\n00 OS d ri CO\\n2:^\\n^S 2", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0437.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "If-Se A New Industry.\\nThe following letter from Mr. F. Garst, who was, for many\\nyears, a prominent breeder of Angora goats in New Mexico,\\nwill be of interest\\nCold Water: Kansas, May r2th, 1900.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black. Fort McKavett. Texas:\\nDear vSir: I have yours in regard to goats. I have been away\\nfor some time this spring, and this is the first chance I have had to write,\\nI will not undertake to answer your questions, but will make you a\\nsimple statement of what I did with a bunch of 500 goats in twelve\\nyears.\\nIn 1882, I bought 500 head of nannie goats of C. P. Bailey, of San\\nJose, Cal., and they were from seven-eights to thirty-one-thirty-seconds\\ngrade. I bought in February, and moved them to New Mexico in the\\nfall. I took them to the Sacramento Mountains, in Lincoln County\\n(now Otero County).\\nAfter running them twelve years, I had sold over $20,000.00 worth\\nof stufl from them (amongst the sales were 1,800 head of goats), and\\nat the end of twelve years. I had 6,000 head of goats left. I paid Bailey\\n$6.00 a head for the goats, and after running them a year, I had 700\\nhead, and they stood me at about $9.00 per head. I was under very\\ngreat expense in moving and getting located. My thoroughbreds, both\\nbucks and nannies, cost $100.00 per head; I don t recollect just how\\nmany I bought.\\nGoats will not jump over a fence, if they can jump on top of it, then\\nthey will go over. They are the best grubbers I know of, as they furnish\\nthemselves and an income besides.\\nMy goats were a secondary consideration with me, as I was run-\\nning a cattle ranch on the same range with them, and would at times have\\nto be away from home, so could not give them the attention I would have\\nliked to.\\nMaxwell, of Maxwell Land-Grant Farm, I think, took the first\\nAngora goats into New Mexico, as far as I know. This must have\\nbeen at least ten years or more before I went there. There must have\\nbeen about seventy head of them. Don t know what became of them.\\nA man by the name of Casas brought a good bunch from near\\nSan Jose, Cal., and located them on the Rio Grande, below Las Cruces.\\nThese came several years before mine. He did not do much good with\\nthem, and finally died, and Col. Rymerson, of Las Cruces, got them,\\nand moved them to the Organ Mountains, where they did better. Since\\nRymerson s death, I don t know what became of tlrem.\\nI can t tell you anything about goats in this State (Kansas), as I\\nnever have looked it up. My experience has been principally in New\\nMexico. Yours,\\nFRANK GARST.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0438.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "N otcs Practical Breeders. _^^j\\nThe following- letter from Mr. W. G. Hughes, of Hastmgs,\\nTexas, who has been a ver} successful breeder of iVngoras for\\na number of years, will be instructive\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Hastings, Kendall Co., Texas, July 15, 1899.\\nCol. Wni. L. Black.\\nDear Sir In answer to your request for some notes on my system\\nni handling Angora goats. I would like as a preface to draw attention to\\nthe fact, that results, and the methods by Avhich individuals arrive at them,\\n.re \\\\-aluable only as abstract guides to others who intend to follow the\\nsame line of business; and, their problem if they are to profit by such\\nexperiences, is, to apply the ideas which they thus derive to their own\\nconditions and surroundings.\\nTo begin with: I bed my goats as much as posible on a hill-side,\\nhaving such a slope that a good hard rain effectually washes away the\\nmanure. I believe that this keeps the lice from bothering them to any\\nnoticeable extent, as lice seem to increase on them when they are corralled\\nevery night in dirty pens. I think that gcats should have access to water\\nat least once a day and that they should have salt where they can get it;\\nrock salt at the bedding ground is a convenient form in which to furnish\\nit.\\nIn the fall I put the billies with the nannies on October 15th, using\\ntwo or three billies to one hundred nannies. I do not consider it neces-\\nsary or judicious to leave them in more than five weeks, as this is suf-\\nficient to practically serve the whole flock, the first kids coming about\\nMarch 1.3th and the last about April l th. Any scattering ones that\\nwould come after them by continuing breeding, are usually more trouble\\nthan they are worth, as by stopping on April 18th, the whole nanny flock;\\nis ready to move to a different range about the middle of May, without\\nany impediment of kids that are too young to go all day with the others,\\nand moving to a new range is of great assistance to the goats, as during\\nkidding they have necessarily been herded somewhat closely around the\\nkidding camp.\\nAt the home pens I have a shed in the shape of a right angle with the\\npoint to the north; the shed is 300 feet long and twelve feet deep, and has\\na hay rack along the back, inside. It is very useful during a bad spell\\nof weather.\\nI leave the flock at one of the camps all winter, only returning for\\nbad weather and for handling them during shearing in spring and fall,\\nand for kidding in the spring.\\nIn this latitude it is safe to commence shearing the first suitable\\nday after March 1st provided you have shelter for the goats in case o\\ncold, wet weather, soon after shearing. I generally begin the first Mon-\\ndaj after ]\\\\Iarcli 1st and figure on getting through during the week and", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0439.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "Jf38 A Nezv Industry.\\nbefore r2th or 14th, by which time the first kids may be expected; and from\\nthe commencement of the spring shearing until the flock moves to a\\nnew range about May 15th, it is kept at the home pens where the shed is.\\nA good many kids are born during the night, but most are born between\\nabout 11 a. m. and 2 p. m., and I find that by getting the flock out in\\ngood time in the morning and having it return to the pen about 11 o clock\\nor soon after, that the bulk of the kids will be born after the flock re-\\nturns at that time, and before it goes out again at 2 p. m. I think this\\nis because getting a belly full of food during the morning hastens the\\nprocess of kidding. It is needless to say that having the kids born in\\nthe pen is much more convenient than having to pack them back from\\nthe range and except, for a few days, when the busiest part of the kidding\\nis in progress, there will not be born during the few hours of the after-\\nnoon feeding, more than the herder with an extra hand can conveniently\\nbring back to the pen. I do not stake out my kids, as I think it tends\\nto stunt their growth and it is liable to result in loss of many kids dur-\\ning the bad weather.\\nThe great secret in raising kids is to give the nanny sufficient oppor-\\ntunity to thoroughly know her own kid, without being confused and\\nrattled by other kids until she gets mixed up on the question of identity.\\nTo do this it is necessary to let her be undisturbed with her own kid for\\ntwenty-four hours before leaving it, eitner in a separate small pen, or\\na large pen with others in her condition, where there is a minimum of\\ndisturbing influences; while thus kept in, she should have access to\\nwater and a little hay. After she knows- her kid pretty well, she can go\\nout with the flock, but on return should be put in a pen with not over\\ntwenty-five other nannies and their kids until the kids are a week or ten\\ndays old, when, except in exceptional cases, she will know her own kid\\namong one hundred or so.\\nI divide them up every evening by lunning all the nannies that have\\nkids through a narrow chute with four cut gates at the middle of the\\nchute, two on each side. Each gate leads into a separate pen, and the\\nchute terminates in a large pen.\\nI know the pen into which to cut the goats, as these have a dif-\\nferent color for each pen painted on the base of the horns. When a\\npen is filled up and six to ten days old, it is turned into the large pen at\\nthe end of the chute, the nannies marked on the nose to designate the\\nchange, and new arrivals begin to fill up the small pen that is thus clear-\\ned. During the summer there is but little to watch for except wolves,\\nand worms in sores, until the fall shearing, which should be done early\\nenough to allow the hair on the goats to grow again sufficiently to serve\\nas a protection by the time cold weather may be expected.\\nI generally shear late in September, as if shorn earlier there is more\\ndanger from worms in shear cuts, and if shorn later, it tends to disturb", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0440.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "Ahics Practical Breeders.\\n439\\nthe general equality of the length of staple in the clips, which should be\\nas long as possible to obtain best results, but I do not consider it advis-\\nable to add to the length of one clip by taking it from another unless for\\nsome other reason. Shearing towards the end of September gets it well\\nout of the way and enables one to have pretty close track of such doctor-\\ning as is necessitated by shear cuts, before October 15, when the billies\\nare put in, and which was the season with which these suggestions\\ncommenced.\\nThe following- letter from Mr. J. C. P. McLendon, of Texas\\nwhose experience in breeding the Angora goat was of such an\\ninteresting nature, I am sure it will be read by many of the pres-\\nent breeders with a great deal of profit\\n^Dripping Springs, Hays Co., Texas, Sept. 21, 1899.\\nMr. Wm. L. Black, Ft. McKavett, Texas.\\nDear Sir I am in receipt of your circular letter, also of one handed\\nto me by A. L. Davis, Jr., of this place. I am not now in the Angora\\ngoat business. In 1876, I came in possession of fifty head of Mexican\\newes. I culled out twenty-four head of young, white, short-haired, ewes,\\nand one large, long-haired, white one. I then sent to Col. Peters of Geor-\\ngia, for a pair of pure Angora kids, buck and ewe. Bred the buck, by\\nline, to these, using a system of ear-marks to distinguish the different\\ngrades. Later, I sent to Col. Scott of Kentucky, for one buck and -four\\newes. Gave Peters $50 per head and Scott $40 per head. The buck\\nand one ewe from Scott were the best and only pure, perhaps, of the seven\\nhead I bought. I make this statement from looks, and the test of breed-\\ning. I do not intend censure to either Peters or Scott. They were both\\nhonest and conscientious breeders. I found it impossible to breed out\\nentirely the long, coarse hair in the progeny of the long-haired ewe\\nabove referred to. I sold all of these, with cullings of lower grades,\\nculling and selling every year.\\nThe largest clip from a single pure buck obtained was eight and a\\nhalf pounds: from a single ewe five and a half pounds; from grades eight\\npounds: from wethers four pounds; from ewes down to two and four\\npounds. Three-quarter grades would frequently shear two pounds for\\newes, four pounds for wethers from one to three years old. After three\\nyears for breeding ewes and four for wethers and bucks, the clips would\\nbegin to decrease in weight.\\nThe highest grades I reached was the eighth cross, 255-256. After\\nthe fourth cross, the grades, in appearance compared favorably in length\\nand weight of fleece with the pure-bred. The mohair on the grades,\\neven on half-breeds from smooth short-haired ewes, except in length,\\nwas equal in lustre and fineness, to the pure.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0441.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "JfJj.0 A New Industry.\\nMost of the grades from the Peters buck shed their mohair, btr.\\nfrom the Scott buck retained it after shearing, growing on like the woo\\non sheep. I had no disease among my goats except occasionally a case\\nof lung worms. Was troubled a good deal with goat lice. I believe dip-\\nping should be practiced after shearing, and a change of range and bed-\\nding ground every eight or ten weeks. I tried shearing one a year, and,\\nthen twice, in October and November, according to weather, and again in\\nspring. The two shearings gave better results. Used good shelter in\\nwet weather; fed hay, straw, and some cotton seed when needed. No\\nstock can compare with the goat to clean up brushy and weedy land.\\nThey eat very little grass if they can get weeds and brush. If not over-\\nstocked, they make the range better for cattle, horses and sheep.\\nI occasionally had a slight tinge of red from my crosses from the\\nPeters buck, in both graded and pure nannies. From my observation\\nin breeding I believe we have the foundation for improvement equal to\\nanything we are likely to import, unless it be from the Cape and I would\\nadvise all breeders to test any importations before breeding to a selected\\nflock that had been brought up to high standard by careful breeding.\\nAngoras, with me, would breed only once a year, like deer, and seldom\\nbrought but one kid. To improve a flock, one kid is enough. I sold\\nmy goats six years ago. Cause wolves and my inability to get careful\\nand trustworthy herders.\\nT have no records by me, but above gives you practically my ex-\\nperience in goat raising. Will add that to my taste, no better meat was\\never placed on table than a roast from a fat two or three year-old Angora\\nwether. I do not like the meat of the common goat.\\nRespectfully.\\nI. C. P. M LENDON.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0442.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXXI.\\nIS IT ADVISABLE TO STAHT A REGISTER FOR ANGORA GOATS?\\nThis question is by no means a new one. It has been\\nasked over and over again- and was seriously agitated upwards\\nof twenty years ago. Whenever it has been brought up, the\\nquestion has always been advanced What have we got to\\nregister? and after some discussion about the merits of certain\\nflocks of goats, the matter would be dropped. There can be\\nno doubt about our having many Angora goats in every way\\nworthy of being registered, but hardly any two breeders have\\nexactly the same type of animal, and this seems to have been\\nthe difficulty in the past. Each breeder appears to have had\\nhis own idea, as to a perfect Angora, and the result has been\\nthat no agreement could ever be reached as to what points\\nshould be used for a standard.\\nIn Turkey they know very little, and care much less, for\\nsuch a system and, the breeders in South Africa, seem to have\\nhad very much the same trouble as we have had.\\nWe have some flocks that were started from the original\\nDavis, or Peters, stock, which have become individualized\\nas the Scott, the Haupt. the Landrum, and the Divine\\ngoats.\\nThen we have the F*arish goats which originated from\\npure blooded stock from a direct importation from Turkey\\nand, later, we have the Harris goats, which were started\\nfrom an importation made by Mr. Harris himself, selected by\\nhim in person, who has kept them scrupulously free from any\\nforeign mixture ever since they landed in this country.\\nThe Conklin Bros., of California, claim to have started\\n;i flock from pure-bred goats, imported by INIr. Eutichedes in", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0443.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "A Nczv Iiidiisfry.\\n1870 and, there are doubtless other breeders who have pure-\\nbred goats that they can trace to one, or other, of the importa-\\ntions that have been made into the United States.\\nThere is no reason why a register should not be established\\nfor such animals as I have referred ,to but it would seem to be\\na difficult matter to embrace all of them under one common\\nregister unless they all have the same characteristices, which is\\ndoubtful.\\nWe can probably learn much upon this subject from our\\nneighbors in the sheep industry, who have passed through.,\\npractically, the same experience that we are just entering.\\nThe sheep industry was started about the beginning of the\\npresent century (1808) by Mr. Humphreys, our, then. Minister\\nto Spain, who brought home with him some two hundred head\\nof Spanish Merinos, resulting in the establishment of the world-\\nfamous breed of American Merinos and, from which, a\\nnumber of sub-breeds have sprung, such as the Dickinson\\nMerino, started by Mr. Wm. R. Dickinson, of Stubenville, O.\\nthe Black Top Spanish Merino, started by Mr. Wm. Berry,\\nof Washington, Pa.; and the Improved Black Top Merino.\\nall of which differ in some particular points, yet, date their origin\\nfrom the original Humphrey sheep.\\nMr. Wm. Jarvis, of Vermont, imported a lot into his\\nState, from which the celebrated Vermont Merino originated;\\ntogether with several other well known breeds such as the\\nStandard Delaine, the National Delaine, the Improved\\nDelaine, and many others which it is unnecessary to mention.\\nThe sheep referred to differ verv slightly from one another,\\nyet the breeders of each are jealous of the peculiar points they\\npossess, and maintain a distinct and separate association to make\\nproper rules and regulations to govern any matters of difiference\\nthat may arise from time to time, together with a register\\nthrough which every member of the association can record\\nhis individual sheep.\\nThe Davis, or Peters the Chenery, Diehl Brown,\\nEutichedes, and Harris importations of Angora goats oc-\\ncupy the same relative position in the goat industry, as the", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0444.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "Register for Angora Goafs. ^^-9\\nHumphrey and the Jarvis importations do to sheep; and\\nthe Scott, Haupt, Landrum and Parish goats the same\\nas the Dickson Merino, the Black Top Merino, and other\\nindividual breeds of sheep that have sprang out of one or other\\nof the original importations.\\nThe Hornless type, mentioned by Mr. S. S. McKibben,\\nof Earlham, Iowa, is very much on a par with the Dickinson\\nMerino, which is a hornless breed of sheep, and it is to be hoped\\nthe breeders of this type of goats will begin at once and estab-\\nlish an association of Hornless, or Polled Angora Goats,\\nthrough which they may be able to record their increase.\\nThe breeders of the Non-Shedding variety referred to\\nby Mr. J. C. P. McLendon, of Texas, certainly ought to try and\\npreserve it through a special register, as well as any other val-\\nua1)le types of Angora goats which may originate in the\\nfuture.\\n]\\\\Iany breeders believe it is necessary to make a new im-\\nportation from Asia Minor before we can begin an American\\nregister, because such a long time has elapsed since any of our\\nimportations were made. I his would seem to be wholly un-\\nnecessary, although I would be glad to see another importa-\\ntion made, provided we can improve on what we already have.\\nBut if we are to be governed by the written testimony of a num-\\nber of reliable Turkish authorities, we would not be able to\\nfind any purer-bred stock in Asia Minor if indeed as pure as\\nwe now have in our own country.\\nI am aware of the fact that the very essence of a register\\nof live stock is to enable a purchaser to trace the lineage of an\\nanimal through flocks of reliable breeders, to the original\\nimportation and this would be difficult, if not mpossible, to\\ndo with most of our present stock of goats. Are we then to be\\nforever barred from establishing a register for the fine goats\\nwe now have, simply because the breeders have been careless\\nabout starting a register\\nThe principle is, without doubt, a correct one, provided the\\nforeign stock has maintained a condition of purity but. in the\\npresent case, it seems to me it would be more in keeping with", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0445.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "Ji-I^lf. A New Industry.\\ncommon sense if the Turks were to start a register based upon\\nAmerican goats, than for the Americans to begin a register\\nfrom goats imported from Asia Minor.\\nAnd, with reference to South Africa, Mr. Schreiner says\\nIt is perhaps, impossible to say exactly how many Angora goats\\nhave been imported, but it is safe to say, in all, they number over 3000.\\nThey have come from numerous districts in Asia Minor, and are represen-\\ntative of the general run of Turkish goats. There has been no uniformity\\namong the goats imported; they can not be said to be representative\\nof any definite type, or types. Each a.nimal stands solely on its own in-\\ndividual merits, and not as the representative of any type. In the future\\nthere may be certain fixed varieties among Angora goats, as there are to-\\nday among Merino sheep, but, at present, no such varieties exist. Some\\nvery superior animals have been imported; but, Mr. Binns says, the very\\nbest have never left Turkey. A great many mongrels have also been im-\\nported, and Angoras are, today, as mixed at the Cape (except the best\\nstud flocks) as they are in Turkey. However, notwithstanding the fact\\nthat many thoroughly bad animals have been imported, so inferior as\\ncertainly to injure rather than improve even the average Cape flocks;\\nyet, owing to the suitability of the Cape climate and pasture to the Angora\\ngoat, and particularly to the superior intelligence of the Cape breeders\\nand their adoption of more modern, and scientific, methods of breeding,\\nthe ciuality of the best stud flocks has been raised to so high a standard\\nof excellence that Turkey would probably profit by obtaining new blood\\nfrom the Cape, for use in its very best flocks. On the other hand, con-\\nsidering the inferior type of farmers engaged in the industry in Turkey\\nand the primitive and unscientific methods of breedng in vogue there,\\nfurther importations to the Cape seem wholly inadvisable, unless under\\nthe auspices of the Angora Goat Breeders Association, and unless twc\\nof the very best judges in the Colony, go to Turkey to select the goats.\\nFailing this, the Cape industry will best advance without assistance from\\nTurkey. It but remains for the Cape farmer to have a clear conception\\nof what kind of fleece he desires his goats to produce, and then to work\\nunswervingly towards the realization of that conception. The breed\\nhere is in a most plastic state yet, but the leading breeders are gradually\\nand suiely, fixing it, and, what is more hopeful, gradually, bringing their\\ngoats towards uniformity to one type. (See Schreiner, p. 216-218.)\\nIt is to be hoped there will be found some way out of the\\ndifficulty, for it would certainly be very proper to have registers\\nfor all goats that have valuable characteristics, and have been\\nbred to points a sufficient length of time to thoroughly fix\\nthe same.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0446.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "Register for Angora Goafs. JfJ^o\\nBearing upon the question of importing goats from\\nTurkey, the following letter from the Hon. H. S. Jewett, United\\nStates Consul at Siras, Turkey, to Hon. Thos. H. Tongue,\\nmember of Congress from Oregon, who is personally interested\\nin Angora goats, and has taken a deep interest in the industry,\\nwill be interesting.\\nThe letter is taken from the Texas Stockman and Farmer,\\nof San Antonio, Texas and reads as follows\\nANGORA GOATS.\\nH. S. Jewett, United States Consul at Siras, Turkey, in a recent let-\\nter to Hon. Thos. H. Tongue, member of the House of Representatives.\\nWashington, D. C, anent the Angora goat industry, says: In further\\nanswer to your inquiries in regard to Angora goats for importation to\\nthe United States, I send you the following information obtained from\\nthe British Consul at Angora: The average price of a picked Angora he-\\ngoat of the best class is $17.66, and for a she-goat of the same character\\n$6.60. The best age for a he-goat is from two and one-half to three and\\none-half years old, and the expression picked goat means a goat ex-\\nclusively chosen from that age. The average price of the best class of he-\\ngoats without selection form age is about $15.40. In some cases, of\\ncourse, a particularly fine he-goat might go as far r.s 22 or $26.40, or the\\nproprietor might refuse to sell him at any price.\\nThe average annual yield of the best picked he-goat is nine and one-\\nhalf pounds, and of the same class of she-goats five and one-half pounds.\\nThe average yield of he-goats of the second class is about five and one-\\nhalf pounds and of the third class about four pounds. The best class\\nof mohair is not to be found at Angora itself, but at Ghereda and Kibris\\nin the district of Boli, province of Castamouii, and it is in that district\\nthat the most recent purchases for export have been made. The prices\\nabove quoted are for the goat as purchased on the spot and do not in-\\nclude commission, export and transportation charges. A certificate o\u00c2\u00a3\\nhealth is necessary or desirable for each goat before it is purchased. It\\nwould be entirely useless to purchase Angora goats from this country\\nunless an imperial permit for exportation had been previously obtained\\nat Constantinople. I think that perhaps such a permit could be obtained\\nmore easily and with less expense by some private native person than by\\nour minister or general Consul. The government might not wish to give\\na permit to an official representative. In any case to obtain a permit\\nrequires time and money. It is said to be a long and costly process.\\nIt is said that the Angora goat when transplanted requires a periodical\\ninfusion of new blood from the old stock to prevent degeneration. A\\nwork entitled, The Angora Goat, would no doubt give valuable informa-", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0447.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "JfJi.6 A Nezv Industry.\\ntion on this and other questions concerning this animal. Goats are sent\\nfrom this countiy to South Africa. George Kypelogion, a merchant\\nof respectable standing of Angora has acted as agent on behalf of George\\nGatheral, an Englishman, in the purchase of goats for export to South\\nAfrica.\\nIt might be well, perhaps, for breeders in a certain district\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0or county where really fine Angoras are being bred, to get\\ntogether and organize an association for the purpose of reg-\\nistering a standard-bred Angora, the points of which to be\\nagreed on by those interested.\\nBut it would seem to me hardly possible to ever expect to\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0combine all of our fine goats in a State, or in the United States,\\nunder a single State or National register.\\nSince the foregoing chapter was written, a meeting\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of Angora goat breeders was held in Kansas City, Mo., which\\nresulted in starting the American Angora Goat Breeders As-\\nsociation, of which\\nMr. T. H. Mastin, of Kansas City, was elected Presiaent,\\nMr. R. C. Johnston, of Lawrence, Kan., Vice-President,\\nMr. T. J. Eamen, Treasurer, and\\nMr. W. T. Mclntire, Secretary together with the following\\nJBoard of Directors\\nDr. J. R. vStandley, of Platteville, Iowa.\\nBenj. F. Elbert, of Des Moines, Iowa.\\nL. A. Allen, of Kansas City, Mo.\\nT. H. Mastin, of Kansas City, Mo.\\nW. H. Woodhef, of WoodHef, Kan.\\nRobt. C. Johnston, of Lawrence, Kan.\\nWm. L. Black, of Fort McKavett, Texas.\\nDr. J. R. Standley was elected Inspector and it is the\\nintention of the Association to inspect such flocks of goats as\\nclaim to be thoroughbred, whenever the owners of the same\\nexpress a desire to have their goats registered, when a certifi-\\ncate will be given to them for such as come within the standard\\nagreed upon.\\nIt is not the intention of the Association to deal with any\\npeculiar points beyond a well-formed animal, having a fleece", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0448.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "Register for Angora Goafs. 447\\nof pure mohair evenly distributed over the body, particularly\\non the chest and belly.\\nSuch points as shape of horns, character of fieece (whether\\nwavy or in ringlets), length of staple, weight of carcass, etc.,\\netc., are considered to be of minor importance and can only be\\ncontrolled by a special association, which is recognized as\\nbeing the only practical way to register fancy points. But\\npurity of blood is considered paramount to all others, and as\\nbeing to the best interests of all, that these should be registered,\\nin order to protect every one interested in this new industry\\nfrom the unscrupulous breeder, who will represent his stock-\\nas being pure, when he has no right to do so.\\nIn addition to this the Association, which is practically\\nnational in character, contemplates the general advancement\\nof the industry throughout the United States by the collection\\nof information, awarding of premiums for excellence of breed-\\ning, ect.. etc.\\nThe register is to be known as the American Angora\\nGoat Record, and is to be published annually, in book form,\\nfor free distribution.\\nThe revenue derived from fees for registration is to be used\\nfor the general good of the industry. The actual expenses of\\nthe Inspector, and Secretary, for labor performed, and for print-\\ning and stationery, etc., being the only expense that is to\\nbe paid out of the general fund, and the surplus to be disposed\\nof as the directors may deem proper.\\nA Combination Sale is to be held in October of each year\\nat Kansas City, which ^11 enable breeders to select breeding\\nsires for themselves, ana dispose of such stock as they may\\nhave no further use for.\\nOnly breeders of good reputation and standing can become\\nmembers of the Association.\\nThe officers are to consist of a President, Vice-President,\\nSecretary, Treasurer and Inspector, wdio are to be elected\\nannually.\\nThe affairs of the Association are to be governed by a\\nBoard of Directors, not to exceed thirteen, who are to be\\nselected from among members annually.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0449.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "JiJ^.8 A Nezv Industry.\\nThere is no doubt such an Association will be of incalcul-\\nable benefit, and it is hoped that all the breeders will become\\nmembers of it. Most of the present officers are comparatively\\nnew in the industry, but are men of high standing. Mr. Mastin\\nis a capitalist and a large land owner, who has learned of the\\ngreat value of the Angora goat, and is the owner of quite a\\nnumber of them at this time.\\nMr. R. C. Johnston is proprietor of the electric light\\nand gas plant in Lawrence, Kan., and is also a new beginner,\\nMr. T. J. Eamen, the treasurer, and Mr. W. T. Mclntire,\\nthe Secretary, are both members of the well known Kansas City\\nLive Stock Commission Co., of which Mr. L. A. Allen, one of\\nthe directors, is Vice-President.\\nMr. Benj. F. Elbert, of Des Moines, Iowa, is a retired\\nbanker and a large land owner.\\nThese gentlemen have no object in view, beyond the devel-\\nopment of an industry which they believe possesses great merit,\\nand are prepared to withdraw from the management of the\\nAssociation whenever the members see proper to elect their\\nsuccessors. Upon one of my recent visits to Kansas Cityi\\nseveral of them that I had the pleasure of meeting, expressed\\nthe hope that the next meeting would be attended by a large\\nnumber of representative breeders throughout the United States,\\nand that many of them would bring their best stock to the\\ncombination sale, which is their intention to have immed-\\niately after the meeting.\\nIt is expected that the combination sale will result in\\ngreat benefit, as well as profit, to many of the breeders who\\nattend them. Oftentimes a breeder may want to change\\nthe sire of his flock but does not know where he can re-\\nplace him. Or, he may be in search of an animal possessing\\ncertain characteristics, either in form or fleece.\\nIt has been related of Mr. Robt. Bakeweh, to whose genius\\nis due the wonderful change that was made in the cattle of\\nEngland during the latter part of the Eighteenth Century, and\\nwho was the immediate founder of the now famous breed of\\nLeicester sheep, that he has been known to search years for", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0450.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "Register for Angora Goats. 4W\\nan animal possessing certain points that he was wanting to use\\nin his experiments. Such a condition need never confront\\nthe American breeders of the Angora goat if they wih take\\nadvantage of the plan now proposed, to concentrate the various\\ntypes of Angora goats under one roof, annually.\\nIt is w^ell kown that the selection of the best of each gen-\\neration, and mating them, has been the means of bringing all\\nof our other fine classes of live stock up to the high standard\\nof excellence they now enjoy, and it is therefore to be hoped\\nthat all breeders in the United States who are ambitious of\\nseeing the Angora goat superior to all others in the world,\\nwill unite with the American Angora Goat Breeders Associa-\\ntion, and join hands with the Board of Directors in their elTorts\\nto make it such.\\nIt is not the intention of the Directors to force any of the\\nmeasures they have adopted unless they meet with the unquali-\\nfied approval of a majority of the breeders who may become\\nmembers of the Association. The most of them realize they\\nhave much to learn concerning the Angora goat, which is a com-\\nparatively new animal to them, and for this reason they earnestly\\ndesire the hearty co-operation of all the old and progressive\\nbreeders in their efforts to advance and promote this young\\nbut promising industry.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0451.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0452.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "Appendix.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0453.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0454.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "A PaL per on\\nthe\\nCashmere Goat\\nof Asia.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0455.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "ffliilii:\\nO S\\n^3\\nm\\nS\\no", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0456.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "CASHMERE GOAT.\\nThere has always been so much doubt as to the true\\ncharacter of the goats that Dr. Davis, of South Carohna, first\\nimported into the United States, many claiming they were of\\nthe Cashmere breed and not Angora. I have thought it\\nmight be at least interesting, if not of some practical value, to\\nthe present breeders of the Angora goat to make some special\\nreference to the Cashmere goat itself.\\nDr. Davis always maintained that\\nThe Cashmere, Persian, Angora, and Circassian^ goats are all one\\nand the same animal, changed in some respects by altitude, though but\\nlittle by latitude.\\nMr. D. J. Browne, an able writer on agricultural subjects\\ntook exceptions to the claim that Dr. Davis had made, and\\nwrote the following article, which appears in the report of the\\nDepartment of Agriculture for 3 85T, page 56.\\nAir. Browne says\\nThe Cashmere and Thibet goat are the same. The regions called\\nCashmere, and Thibet, adjoin each other, and the western portion of the\\nlatter, which is called little Thibet, is included in the dominions of the\\n[Maharaja of Cashmere. This goat is found also in the country of the\\nKirghiz, in Central Asia, at the bend of the LTral, north of the Caspian\\nSea. It is of the size of the domestic varieties most common in Europe,\\nand the United States, and is covered with long, Hat, and falling silky\\nhair beneath which there is, in winter, a delicate greyish wool which\\nconstitutes the fabric of the costly Cashmere sha%yls of commerce.\\nOnly three ounces of this wool are, on the average, obtained from each\\ngoat. The Angora is of a silvery white, with long and silky hair of\\none sort only. Dr. Davis is therefore, obviously misled in supposing\\nthat the four varieties of goats named by him are identical. See Pat\\nOff. Report, 1857, p. 56.\\nIt will be observed that ^^Ir. Browne claims that the Cash-\\nmere only produces three ounces of under-wool, or down\\nwhile Dr. Davis says the goats he had, produced one pound.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0457.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "4^6 Appendix.\\nAnd Mr. S. Holmes Pegler, a well-known authority on the\\nAngora goat, and author of Advantages of Goat Keeping,\\nstates that the Cashmere yields one-half pound or eight ounces.\\nThe following description of the Cashmere goat is by Mr,\\nPegler, and was taken from the Encyclopedia Britannica\\nThis animal has a delicate head, with semi-pendulous ears, which are\\nboth long and wide. The hair varies in length and is coarse and of dif-\\nferent colours, according to the individual. Tire horns are very erect,\\nand sometimes slightly spiral, inclining inwards, and to such an extent\\nin some cases as to cross. The coat is composed, as in the Angora, of\\ntwo materials: but in this breed it is the undercoat that partakes of the\\nnature of wool and is valued as an article of commerce. This under-\\ngrowth, which is of a uniform greyish-white tint, whatever the colour\\nof the hair may be, is beautifully soft and silky, and of a fluffy description\\nresembling down. It makes its appearance in the autumn, and continues\\nto grow until the following spring, when, if not removed, it falls off natur-\\nally: its collection then commences, occupying from eight to ten days.\\nThe animal undergoes during that time a process of combing by which all\\nthe wool and a portion of the hair, which of necessity comes with it, is\\nremoved. The latter is afterwards carefully separated, when the fleece,\\nin a good specimen, weighs about half a pound, being worth between\\nhalf to three quarters of a rupee. It is sold by the turruk of twelve\\npounds. This is the material of which the far-farned and costly shawls\\nare made, which at one time had such a demand that, it is stated 16,000\\nlooms were kept in constant work at Cashmere, in their manufacture.\\nThose goats having a short, neat head, very long, thin ears, a delicate\\nskin, small bones, and a long heavy coat are, for this purpose, deemed\\nthe best. There are several varieties possessing this valuable cjuality.\\nbut those of Cashmere, Thibet, and Mongolia, are the most esteemed.\\nAbout the year 1816, a small herd of Cashmeres was introduced into\\nFrance with a view to acclimatize and breed them for tne sake of their\\nwool, but the enterprise failed. A few were purchased and brought\\nover to England by Mr. C. T. Tower, who, by careful treatment, so far\\nsucceeded with them that, in course of time he had a shawl made from\\ntheir fleece, which turned out to be ot good quality. At the death of the\\nowner, some years later, the herd, which had then deteriorated through\\nin-breeding, was presented to the Queen, and placed in Windsor Park.\\nSee Ency. Brit., Vol. X, 709.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0458.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "TIic Casluncrc Goat. ^^y\\nAbout thirty years ago an eminent breeder of sheep in\\nAustralia, Sir Samuel Wilson, imported from India, at an\\nexpense of \u00c2\u00a3300, sterling (about $1,500.00 in American money),\\na pair of Cashmere goats for the purpose of experimenting\\nwith the breeding of them in that climate. His experience was\\nnot any more satisfactory with these than it had been with a\\nlot of Angoras that he had brought in about the same time\\nfrom Asia Minor, and was not followed up many years.\\nIn 1873, this gentleman wrote a pamphlet giving some very\\ninteresting facts about Angora goats in Australia, from which\\nthe following extract is taken touching the Cashmere breed:\\nThe late Prince Albert had a small flock of the pure Cashmere,\\ngoats at Windsor. With the enlightened foresight, for v/hich he was dis-\\ntinguished, he was always in the van whenever any good work could be\\ndone for the benefit of agriculture, or the increase of the prosperity of\\nthe people of England. Desiring to have some fabrics manufactured trom\\nthe fleece of his Cashmere flock, a ciuantity of the wool, and hair, as it is\\nshorn from the goats, was sent to a large manufacturer, i ne separation\\nof the wool from the hair being, at that time, from the imperfection of the\\nm.achinery in use, a very diificult operation, a great number of ladies\\nassisted tlie manufacturer by taking small portions of the iieece an^.\\npicking by hand, the wool from the hair. Such was the enthusiasm\\ncaused by the experiment that over a thousand persons of all grades and\\nconditions, were engaged in the work. Each person so employed re-\\nceived as remuneration an elegantly engraved certificate, stating that the\\nholder had assisted in bringing to a successful result the exepriment of\\nHis Royal Highness in the manufacture of Cashmere goats wool. Some\\nbrocades and two beautiful shawls were produced by Messrs. Haley, the\\nmanufacturers, and the hair was also made into a coarse fabric which\\nwas shown in contrast with the finer textures.\\nNotwithstanding the success of this experiment and the high nature\\nof the requisite textures made from Cashmere wool, I am far from think-\\ning the Cashmere goat of equal value, in an economic point of view to the\\nAngora. The immense amount of labor required to free the Cashmere\\nwool fron*! the coarse hairs, and the very small quantity of wool produced\\nb} each animal, are dfificulties that are not to be surmounted.\\nIt was the opinion of Sir Samuel Wilson that the amount\\nof fine wool on the Cashmere could, by proper breeding, be\\nver}- largely increased, and he refers to an experiment in this", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0459.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "458 Appendix.\\nregard that was made by a M. Pollounau in 1818, with some\\nCashmeres that had been imported into France by Baron\\nTernaiix, a few years before\\nThe object of the experiment, he says, was to produce an animal\\nwith the wool, or down, more abundant than in the Cashmere race and\\nwith the hairy coat more silky, and finer. The experiment with the\\nfirst cross, with an Angora goat, increased the length of the under fleece,\\nor down, fully twice the length it was on the Cachmere, and it was the\\nopinion of Baron Ternaux that the fleece of the cross between the two\\nbreeds, in consecjuence of its special qualities, would have produced\\nfabrics superior to the most beautiful of those hitherto introduced.\\nMr D. J. Browne also makes some reference to this matter\\nin the letter I have jtist quoted from referring to Dr. Davis,\\nalthough the name of M. Pollounau is not spelled exactly the\\nsame as above, there is very little doubt but that they are in-\\ntended to mean the same person.\\nMr. Browne says\\nThere is some evidence of the importation of both the Thibet, and\\nthe Angora goat, into France at different times. It is well known\\nthat in 1819 a ]\\\\Ions Jaubert brought some 400 or 500 Thibet goats from\\nthe Kirghiz Territory to France having started from the former country\\nwith 1300. Those which survived the journey were received at Marseilles\\nby a Mons Tessier, and by him placed in various situations in France.\\nA doubt was at one time expressed as to the purity of the breed of these\\ngoats, but no good reason was advanced as to the basis of such a doubt.\\nTheir fleece did not prove abundant enough for profit, however, until\\nJ 823, when a Mons Polonceau caused a cross to be made between the\\nThibet, or Cashmere and Angora goat with great success insomuch that,\\ninstead of three, thirty ounces of down was obtained from each of several\\nof the cross-breeds; and, it is added, of a superior quality, being of a\\nfiner and longer staple, while the animals themselves were quite hardy\\nand more docile. In 1824 some of the Thibet goats were conveyed from\\nFrance to the county of Essex, in England, by a Mr. Towers, but thei\\nnumber was not regarded as sufficient, nor is there any record of the\\nresult. (See Pat. Of\u00c2\u00a5. Report, 1855, p. 55.)\\nIt is to be regretted that there is no further record of this\\ninteresting experiment in France, but it is of great value to know\\nthat such a marked improvement in the Cashmere was made\\nin the short time the experiment lasted.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0460.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "The Cashmere Goaf. _/5P\\nIn this connection I would call the readers attention to the\\nexperiment of Dr. J. B. Davis, of South Carolina, with the\\ngoats he had imported into this country in 1849. In a com-\\nmunication to the Patent Office in 1853, Dr. Davis says:\\nIn the third cross upon the Cashmere, we may expect a valuable\\nexperiment by changing the fine under-wool, or down, into a conjoint\\nand uniform covering of wool. See Pat. Ofif. Report, 1853, p. 21.\\nSir Samuel Wilson was of the opinion that\\nBy selection the wool might be increased by slow degrees, and the\\nkinky hairs lessened until a wool-bearing animal, with a fleece finer than\\nthe finest Merino wool, and as free from kinky hairs, of its early progeni-\\ntors, as is the champion Merino at Skipton, or Mudgee (where the bes*.\\nspecimens of the Merino in the world are to be seen) frbm the hairy\\nmantle of its ovine ancestor, the Argali, of the Caucasus. Possibly the\\nresult might sooner be reached by a cross of the Angora producing a va-\\nriety of intermediate forms, and making the breed more plastic, and\\nlessening the force of heredity, giving more scope for selection. Oi\\ncross-breeding, however, I am not an admirer, and think the desired\\nend is to be attained in a more satisfactory way by a long course of selec-\\ntion carried out in an intelligent manner, and with a fixed purpose kept\\nconstantly in view. Have we no skilful breeder in Australia who will\\nundertake this task and beciueth it to his children if incomplete in his\\nlifetime?\\nIt will be reiueiubered that some of the early (18. )5-56)\\nbreeders of the Davis goats in Tennessee claimed to have\\nproduced a fleece ranging from three pounds to seven, which\\nthey sold at six dollars, to eight dollars and fifty cents, per p.ound\\nto the manufacturers of shawls in Paiseley, Scotland, (see Chap-\\nter XVIII.) In view of the experiments referred to in the fore-\\ngoing extracts the opinion is forced upon me that, possibly the\\nTennessee breeders had a strain of blood (which we know came\\ndirect from the hands of Dr. Davis in South Carolina) practically\\nthe same as mentioned by Mons PoUounau of France, only of a\\nmuch higher type, which in subsequent years they lost by inad-\\nvertently mixing their pure goats with the common blood of our\\ncountry, and finally resulting in a complete change in the charac-\\nter of the fleece.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0461.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "460 Appendix.\\nIt would indeed be very interesting if the suggestion made\\nby Sir Samuel Wilson could be carried out in practice by some\\nAmerican breeder; and, in the absence of the pure Cashmere\\nit is not unlikely that one of our native Rocky Mountain goats\\nv/ould make an excellent substitute.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0462.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "A Patper\\non the\\nRocky Movintain Goat\\nof the\\nUnited Sta.tes.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0463.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0464.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "KOCKY MOUNTAIN GOAT.\\nThe following description is given of the Rocky Mountain\\ngoat, Copra Americana, by the late Prof. Spencer F; Baird. an\\nAmerican naturalist, who was connected with the Smithsonian\\nInstitute of the L nited States for some time prior to his death,\\nwhich took place in 1S8T.\\nThis beautiful animal is frequently confounded with the big horn\\nor mountain sheep, from which it differs in many important characteris-\\ntics. It is of the size of the domestic sheep, and bears no inconsiderable\\nresemblance to the Merino breed in the way in which the fleece hangs\\ndown on the sides. The body, neck, and head, resemble those of the\\ncommon goat. The horns are small, awl-shaped, and pointed, and nearly\\nerect, with but a slight curvature backwards. Both horns and hoofs\\nare black. The animal is entirely white with the exception iust named.\\nThe body is covered with long, straight hair, considerably coarser than\\nthe wool of the sheep, but softer than that of the common goat. Ihis\\nhair is abundant on the shoulders, neck, back, and thighs; a considerable\\ntuft of it, attached to the chin, forms a beard. There is likewise much\\nof it on the chest and lower part of the throat. The tail is short, and,\\nthough clothed with long hair, is almost concealed by that which covers\\nthe rump. Under the hair of the body, there is a close coat of frne,\\nwhite wool. The hair on the face and legs is short, the fetlocks short,\\nand, with the hoofs, perpendicular. The small posterior hoofs do not\\ntouch the ground.\\nTo the agriculturist and manufacturer, the mountain goat affords a\\npromise of importance which we may well hope to see realized. No wild\\nspecies can compare with it in the excellence of its fleece, which, even in\\nits original state, is as fine as that of the celebrated Cashmere goat. Care-\\nful management, under domestication, would, no doubt, increase this\\ncharacter to an extraordinary degree. Hence, it is not remarkable that\\nattention should have been directed to this species with a view to its cul-\\ntivation. The Highland Society, at one time, made an effort to intro-\\nduce this animal into Scotland, where it was supposed it would thrive.\\nOwing, however, to the inaccessibility of its nature, it was found impossi-\\nble to obtain specimens. At the present time, such might perhaps be\\nprocured through the agency of the American Fur Company, to one\\nof whose posts. Fort Benton, on the Upper Missouri, above .he falls,\\nskins arc occasionallv brought.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0465.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "Ji,6Jf Appendix.\\nA competent wool-grower in Scotland, to whom the subject was re-\\nferred, reported that the wool which forms the chief covering of the skin\\nis fully an inch and a half long, and of the finest quality. It is unlike\\nthe fleece of the common sheep, which contains a variety of different\\nkinds of wool, suitable to the fabrication of articles very dissimilar in\\ntheir nature, and requires much care to distribute them in their proper\\norder. The fleece under consideration is wholly fine. That on the fore\\npart of the skin has all the apparent qualities of wool; that on the back\\npart, very much resembles cotton. The whole fleece, is much mixed\\nwith hairs, and on those parts where the hairs are long and pendant\\nthere is almost no wool.\\nThe mountain goat inhabits the loftiest peaks of the Rocky mountain\\nrange, seldom coming down to the plains. They frequent the steepest\\nprecipices, and have much of the habit of the common goat. The species\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0is common on those high lands of the Rocky Mountains whence flow the\\nfour great rivers, the McKenzie, the Columbia, the Missouri and the Nel-\\nson, each one emptying into a different ocean. Their range is between\\nthe parallels of 40o and 64\u00c2\u00b0. The only point within the United States\\nwhere they are well known is about Ft. Benton, whence we have seen a\\nsingle hunter s skin. No animal is less known to our naturalists, there\\nbeing not a single preserved specimen, to the best of our knowledge,\\nin any museum within the United States. Travellers who speak of the\\nmountain goat, sometimes refer to the big-horn, the female of which\\nhas horns much like those of a goat. (See U. S. Pat. Off. Report, 1851,\\np. 120.\\nIn my chapter on Science in Breeding, Etc. (XV^Iil), I have\\ncopied a letter from Mr. S. S. Brannin of Marysville, Montana, a\\nbreeder of Angora goats, who had hunted and killed one of the\\nRocky Mountain goats, and his description of it is quite interest-\\ning.\\nThere is very little doubt but that a cross of this animal\\nwith the Ang^ora would be valuable.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0466.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "A Patper on\\nthe\\nLlamaL and Alpaca.\\nof\\nPeru, S. A.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0467.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "5=^\\n3\\n3 o\\ngig\\no \u00c2\u00b0o^\\ntalc s", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0468.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "LLAMA AND ALPACA.\\nConsidering the fact that it was through the fleece of the\\nllama and alpaca that the Angora goat was first brought into\\nprominence, it will not be out of place, perhaps, to make some\\nreference to this very peculiar, but valuable, class of animals\\nwhich are almost exclusively confined, at the present time, to\\nPeru, in South America.\\nThe following paper was contributed to our Agricultural\\nDepartment in 1857, by Mr. D. J. Browne, from whose writings\\nI have already quoted in connection with the Cashmere goat\\nTheir Geographical Distribution, Organization, Food, Habits\\nand Probable Adaption to Certain Regions of the United States.\\nOn the lofty Cordilleras of the Andes, in South America, considera-\\nbly below the line of perpetual snow, from Chili nearly .to the equator,\\nthere abound at least three kinds of animals known under the names\\nof Guanaco, or Llama; Pace, or Alpaca; and the Vicuna; the latter\\nof which, according to the classification of Cuvier, is merely a variety\\nof the llama. This also agrees with the opinion of Inca Garcilaso de la\\nVega, who says, in the year 1811, that the domestic animals of the Pe-\\nruvians are of two kinds the greater and the smaller which they as\\na common name, call llama, that is cattle or sheep. The larger kind\\nthey call huanacu-llama, on account of the resemblance it bears to the\\nwild animal known in Peru by the name of huanacu, from which it differs\\nonly in color; for the domestic llamas are to be met with as various in\\ntheir colors as horses; but the wild llamas are uniformly of a chestnut\\ncolor. The larger kind bears a great similitude to a camel, except that\\nit is deficient in the hump upon its back, and is not so large. The small\\nkind they call paco-llama, which is only reared for its flesh and wool.\\nThe vicunas are not verj^ unlike goats in their appearance, except that\\nthey have no horns, are larger, and are of a leonine color, or more rud-\\ndy. They live in the highest mountains and groves, and particularly\\nlove those cold regions of solitude, which the Peruvians designate by the\\ncommon name of punas; neither are they annoyed by frost and snow,\\nbut are rather created by them. They go in flocks, and run most\\nswiftly; and such is their timidity that, at the sight of man or wild beasts.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0469.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "46S AppcndiA\\nthey instantly hurry into inaccessible retreats, and thereby elude their\\npursuers. There were formerly a great number of these animals here,\\nbut they are now becoming much more rare in consequence of the pro-\\nmiscuous license of hunting them. Their wool is very fine, resembling\\nsilk or the fur of the beaver, and the natives deservedly hold it in high es-\\ntimation; for, besides other properties, it is also said to resist heat and\\nimpart coolness to the wearer.\\nThe llama (Auchenia glama) ordinarily, is from four to five feet\\nin height, of a light-brown on the back and sides, and under the belly\\nuniformly white. Sometimes, however, it is dun, grey, or even inclining\\nto purple, and very seldom parti-colored or black. The hair is long,\\nof a texture between silk and wool, but not curled.\\nThe alpaca, (Auchenia Alpaca) is smaller than the llama; its usual\\nheight being only four feet. It appears more corpulent, however, owing\\nto its possessing a much longer and more profuse clothing of hair,\\nwhich sometimes, is from eight to twelve inches in length on the sides,\\n-rump, and breast. The lleece of an old individual is represented to weigh\\ntwenty or thirty pounds. It partakes of various colors, often being parti-\\ncolored, but more frequently white than the other species.\\nThe most frequent breeds are said to come from the central pro-\\nvinces; and here it may not be irrelevant to observe that there are two\\nvarieties of alpaca, differing in size, figure and fleece. The breed called\\ncoyas is the most diminutive, and is esteemed for the smallness of bone\\nand symmetry of form. It is chiefly confined to the Cusco range of moun-\\ntains, more particularly to that part of it intervening between the ancient\\ncity of the Incas and Haumanga. It is thought to be a remnant of the\\nold royal flocks, or those once owned by the priests of the sun, who are\\nrepresented as having the choicest breeds. That territory was, besides the\\nprincipal theatre of agricultural operations, the seat of power, and the\\ncentre of Peruvian civilization.\\nThe Peruvians dry the flesh of the llama as well as that of the alpaca,\\nwhich they are very fond of eating.\\nThe order to which the genus Auchenia belongs, offers to the eye\\nof the naturalist but a very small anatomical difference of conformation\\nfrom that containing the camel, properly so called. The feet are not,\\nlike those of that quadruped, entirely padded with an elastic sole, but the\\ntwo toes are separated, each having strong, horny nails, or hoofs, nearly\\nresembling the talons of a bird, with a thick cushion, or pad beneath.\\nThese animals are also dissimilar in the formation and arrangement\\nof their teeth, having on each side of the upper jaw one canine tooth more\\nthan the camel, but are deficient in a second canine tooth in the lower\\njaw. Their incisors project fully half an inch from the muzzle-bone, so\\nas to meet the pad fitted above, by which means, and with the aid of\\nthe tongue and cleft lip, they are not only enabled to draw together and", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0470.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "The Llama and Alpaca. ^dp\\nclip short grass upon the ground, but also, with their long necks, pointed\\nmuzzles, and the oblique posture which the head can assume, to collect\\nherbage growing on the hedges, and in the interstices of rocks seven feet\\nhigh, as well as the tops of hedges and tall shrubs. Their teeth are, at\\nthe same time, so strong and interlock in such a manner that they easily\\ncrush and masticate vegetable substances too hard and tough for ordi-\\nnary cattle. The absence of the hump and of the callosity on the breast,\\nalso constitute striking points of difference between these animals and\\nthe camel. The llama, however, has a conformation resembling the\\ncamel s hump, being provided with an excess of nutritive matter, which\\nlies in a thick bed of fat under the skin, and is absorbed as a compensation\\nfor an occasional want of food. Some of these animals, as in the camel,\\nhave collosities on the knees of the fore-legs, and, like them, kneel down\\nin the same manner. Their stomachs and those of the camel, in some\\nrespects, are similarly organized. That of the llama, accordmg to Sir\\nRverard Home, has a portion of it, as it w^^e, intended to resemble the\\nreservoirs for water in the camel; but these have no depth, being only\\nsuperficial cells, and have no muscular apparatus to close their mouths\\nand allow the solid food to pass into the fourth cavity, or digesting stom-\\nach, without going into these cells. But the stomachs of these quad-\\nrupeds certainly must have some kind of internal mechanism for retain-\\ning water or secreting a liquid substance; for it has been remarked,\\nalong the flanks of some parts of the Andes ,that they live far above any\\nlakes or streams, and abstain from drink s. great portion of the year; and\\nfurther, it has been observed, that in a state of domestication, they never\\nmanifest any desire to drink so long as they can obtain an abundance of\\nsucculent herbage. From the peculiar organization both of the camel\\nand the llama, we are led to infer that each is evidently fitted by nature\\nfor the endurance of great hardships and privations the one amidst\\nthe sands of the desert, under a burning sun; the other on the wastes\\nof some of the loftiest mountains of the globe, with a region of perpetual\\nsnow above. The slight variations of their conformation, such as that of\\nthe foot, are modifications of nature which befit them for their respective\\nabodes. A habitation amongst the rocks would be mechanically impossi-\\nble for the dromedary, whilst the burning plains would be as little suited\\nto the paco.\\nThe llama, in its natural habitat on the Andes, at an elevation of\\nfrom 8,000 to 12,000 feet above the level of the sea, far above any lakes\\nor streams, feeds through choice, on a sort of rushy grass, or reed, called\\nichu, which grows in abundance where it is said these animals are never\\nknown to drink so long as a sufficiency of green, succulent herbage can\\nbe ob;a ned. They also derive subsistence from the mosses and lichens\\nwhich fr-.nge the rocks among their native haunts, or by browsing upon\\ntender shvubs. They adapt themselves to almost any soil or situation,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0471.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "4yo Appendix.\\nprovided the heat is not oppressive or prolonged, and the air is pure,\\npossessing a hardiness of constitution admirably well adapted to the\\nnature of their birth-place, where, during half the year, snow and hail\\nincessantly fall; whilst in the higher regions, nearly every night during\\nsummer, the mercury sinks below the freezing point, and the peaks are\\nperpetually covered with accumulations of ice or snow. It is astonishing\\nthat the temperature of the air on mountains so peculiarly situated and\\nexposed to the full glare of the vertical sun, should be so much chilled\\nas almost to present the desolate aspect of the Arctic regions; and yet\\nsuch are the tracts upon which the vicuna and the guanaco abound and\\nrun wild, far above the abode of man, and are hunted for their flesh and\\nskins. It is remarkable, however, that they do not inhabit Quito, Santa\\nFe, Caracas, etc., although the climate of the mountains of those parts\\nis similar to that of High Peru.\\nThe comparatively small size of these animals, as well as the vege-\\ntable forms by which they are surrounded, clearly indicates that the cli-\\nmate of the Andes is not favorable either to animal or vegetable growth.\\nIt has also been remarked, that there the human species is subject to\\nthe same law; man decreasing in bulk and stature in proportion as he\\ndwells near the mountain summits. In Peru, the winter sets in towards\\nJune, and is severely felt on the highlands, where the snow remains upon\\nthe ground six, and in some places, eight months in the year. As soon\\nas the narrow and green strip of land bordering on the Pacific is passed\\nthe traveller begins to ascend the slopes; and when he attains the first\\ntable-land, observes a complete change in the climate and the appearance\\nof vegetation. Except in the yungas, or hollows, where an alluvial\\nsoil has been collected, and where the Indian plants his sugar-cane,\\nbanana, and esculent roots, the country wears a naked and barren aspect.\\nThe female llama and alpaca go with young eleven or twelve\\n.months, and rarely produce more than one at a birth. They are weaned\\nwhen half a year old, but are not put at work before they have com-\\npleted the third year. They begin to bear when two years old.\\nThe llama and alpaca, as well as the alpaca and vicuna, can be in-\\nduced to breed together, and of the former imion there are frequent in-\\nstances to be met with in Europe as well as in Peru. From this alliance,\\na beautiful hybrid results, if possible, finer to the eye than either parenv,\\nand also more easily trained to work, but, like the mule, it does not\\nprocreate.\\nFrom the sterility of this hybridous race, it would follow that the al-\\npaca is a distinct variety of the llama tribe, differing as much from its\\nallied species as the horse does from the ass; and, consequently, that the\\ntwo domestic animals of the Peruvians were not brought to their present\\nAccording to investigations made by Dr. J. L. Hayes, only seven\\nmonths is the period of gestation. See Hayes, p. 149.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0472.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "TJic Llama and Alpaca. 411\\nstate by means of crossing. Their inter-mixture is a modern expedient\\nby the .Spaniards. It is a rule of the vital economy, that life only springs\\nfrom life, and every being is consequently endowed with the property of\\ngenerating an offspring, inheriting a nature similar to its own. When\\nthe species Ya.ry, this rule ceases to act; whence, although possessing a\\nstrong physiological resemblance in many important points in their\\norganization, there must necessarily be some material difference between\\nthe llama and alpaca in the functons of generation, which it is more than\\npresumable equally extends to the wild species, and that difference\\nproduces an irregularity at variance with Nature s laws, constituting an\\nessential condition of life. It appears from the report of M. Bory de\\nSaint Vincent, a distinguished natiiralist, who accomanpied the French\\narmy into Spain, under Marshal Soult that he observed in the Zoologi-\\ncal Garden of Don Francisco de Theran, at SanLucar dc Barrameda,\\nin Andalusia, three alpa-vigonias (the cross between the vicuna and\\nalpaca), the fleeces of which were much longer, and six times heavier\\nthan those of any other variety. The Spaniards were proud of this\\nacquisition, thinking that they had obtained a new race of wool-bearing\\nanimals, calculated to people their hills and repair the loss sustained\\nthrough the decline in their Merino flocks. By the experiment of cross-\\ning, however, they defeated the very object they had in view, as the\\nanimals gradually died off, without leaving any offspring-, and in the\\ncourse of a few years there was scarcely one individual to be found\\nin the kingdom.\\nThe Peruvians are careful not to overload either of these animals,\\nthe burden of which is generally about 100 pounds, though for a short\\ndistance, on good roads, they occasionaly carry twelve or fifteen pounds\\nmore. They are usually docile and willing to perform their task, if\\ngently treated, but, if provoked, they express their anger by turning\\nback their ears and spitting into the face of their offender, even if\\nhe be three of four yards off. Their food is never prepared for them,\\nbut when unemployed, they are suffered to graze on their native mount-\\nains, often pasturing in company with the wild species; but they are\\nso much accustomed, and apparently attached to mankind, that they\\nnever exchange servitude for freedom. Those animals which have been\\nbrought to Europe and the United States appeared to thrive well for\\na time on the same sorts of food as eaten by cattle and sheep, but the\\ninferior kinds of browse, grass or hay, with a due proportion of\\npotatoes, carrots or other succulent roots were preferred by them to\\nrich pastures and farinaceous grains. Too liberal an allowance of\\nnutritious and stimulating food to an animal extremely abstemious\\ncannot, therefore, be regarded other than injurious. Its peculiarly\\nformed stomach is not adapted to dry, hard food, the best proof of\\nwhich is its habitual abstinence from drink. In Puru, the llama is\\nsometimes treated with maize or millet, in their green, soft, silky stage.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0473.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "472 Appendix.\\nIn regard to the diseases of these animals, it has frequently been\\nremarked that when they are taken down to the lowland towns, and\\nare there kept for much length of time, they perspire freely, as soon\\nas the hot weather comes on, and, if neglected, a scurf, or rash, forms\\non the skin. In their new character, the coat, of course, is carefully\\npreserved as being ornamental; but, if it is shorn off, and the animal is\\nbathed in the cool part of the day, befoie the system has been heated\\nby exercise, or the natufal warmth of the climate, the sufferer invariably\\nrecovers in a short time. This cooling remedy, it has been observed,\\nthe animals themselves naturally seek; for. when taken down to the\\nheated atmosphere of the plains, should this rash break out. both these\\nanimals instinctively go in search of n refreshing stream, not for the\\npurpose of drinking, as has been erroneously supposed, but for bath-\\ning, and thereby preserving their health.\\nFor a period of nearly forty years the subject of introducing these\\nquadrupeds into this country has been agitated, and several attempts\\nhave been made to engraft them into our husbandry. As well known\\ninstances of this, it may be recollected that the late Col. Skinner pub-\\nlished an extended notice of these animals in the American Farmer\\nin Baltimore, advocating their adoption, in 1821; the American Agri-\\ncultural Association, of the City of New York, raised a fund by sub-\\nscription for their introduction in 1816. A present of several of them was\\nmade by the Peruvian Government to the Hon. Daniel Webster, when\\nSecretary of State; and the early part of the past winter, a car of llamas\\nand alpacas were shipped to Baltimore, on speculation, from, Guya-\\nquil. But. owing to the apparent inadaptability of these animals to the\\nclimate and elevation of the Atlantic and Gulf States, all the experiments\\nhitherto made proved futile. To succeed, then, as a last resort, we have\\nonly to direct our attention to those vast elevated tracts known -tmder\\nthe name of the Great Plains, at the east of the Rocky Mountains,\\nand lying, principally, between longitude twenty degrees, and thirty\\ndegrees west from Washington, extending from Texas to the Arctic\\nSea. The plains contain but little timber, or woods, and individual\\ntrees are rare. They mostly have a gentle slope from the west to the\\neast, though, in some instances, gracefully undulating, clad with thick,\\nnutritious grasses, and teeming with animal life. The soil, though\\ncompact, is a fine calcareous mould. The climate is comparatively\\nrainless, storms being rare, except during the melting of the snows\\non the mountain crests, which swells the rivers, like the Nile, to irri-\\ngate, rather to drain the neighboring tracts. The herbage, which is\\nperennial, edible, and nutritious throughout the year, is peculiarly\\nadapted to the dryness of the soil, and the temperature of the air. It\\nconsists, principally, of the Gramma, or Buffalo, grass, and covers", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0474.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "The Llama and Alpaca. 77j\\nthe ground an inch in height, having the appearance of a dehcate moss.\\nDuring the mehing of the snows, in the immense mountain masses\\nbeyond the Great Plains, the rivers yield a copious evaporation in\\ntheir long and sinuous courses; storm-clouds gather on the summits,\\nroll down the mountain flanks, and discharge themselves in vernal\\nshowers. In this temporary prevalence of moist atmosphere, these\\ndelicate grasses grow, seed in the root, and are cured into hay upon the\\nground by the returning drought. It is in this longitudinal belt of\\neternal pasture that the llama and alpaca would thrive, if at all, in any\\npart of our domains, where infinite herds of aboriginal cattle, the bulTalo,\\nthe elk, the antelope, and wild horses abound, as well as the mountain\\nsheep, the white and black tailed deer, and innumerable smaller game.\\nThey could be imported from Peru to a number of a few hundreds,\\nby the way of the Gulf of California and the Gila, and presented as a\\ntoken of friendship to the immense population of nomadic Indians,\\nor their chiefs, by whom they should be protected under the prohib-\\nitory laws.\\nCould these animals be sulifered to remain unmolested for ten oi\\ntwenty years, if successful, they would probabl}^ increase to thousands.\\nand even millions, ever after, while immense profits would result from\\ntheir flesh, skins, and Wool, besides using them as beasts of burden, in\\nplaces inaccessible to the camel or the mule. (Agtl. Dept. Report,\\n1857.)\\nDr. John L. Hayes added a very interesting account of\\nThe Alpaca and Its Congeners. in an appendix to his work\\non the Angora goat in 1882. This able writer had evidently\\ninvestigated very closely into the experiments that had been\\nmade in different parts of the world, in trying to acclimate this\\nanimal in other countries, and, notwithstanding there had been\\nno really successful result, he was strongly in favor of our gov-\\nernment making another attempt to localize them in the United\\nStates.\\nThe following are his remarks upon Experiments in Ac-\\nclimation\\nAs these pages are intended, in a large part,, for agricultural read-\\ners, to whom the possibility of acquiring new domestic animals is of\\nspecial interest, they will, naturally, inquire as to the success hitherto\\nattained in acclimating these animals, and especiall}^ the alpaca, the\\nmost desirable acquisition, out of Puru.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0475.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "Jf7Jt Appendix.\\nThe immortal Buffon said, of the dom.estic species in question,\\nin 1765, I conceive that these animals would be an excellent acquisi-\\ntion for Europe, and would produce more real good than all the gold\\nof the New World. A French naturalist, hardly less celebrated, and\\nthe highest authority on acclimation that has ever lived, Isadore Geof-\\nfroy Saint Hilaire, said in 1848, When an attempt shall be made upon\\na well chosen point on the Alps, or the Pyrenees, the success is as\\nassured as that of any new enterprise can be. With all the influence\\nof these great names, and the numerous efiforts which they have\\nprompted, the attempts to secure the alpaca or llama in Europe as per-\\nmanent acquisitions have been hitherto fruitless, although the partial\\nsuccess, upon the whole, furnishes strong grounds for believing that\\nfurther attempts should not be abandoned.\\nI will just recount the experience in England, obviously a most\\nunfavorable country on account of its moist climate. The first alpaca\\nseen in England was in 1809. The Duchess of York had four or five\\nalpaca pets; but they gave no increase. In 1817, Mr. Burnett, of Burks,\\nimported two alpacas, and from this stock reared fifteen young. The\\nEarl of Derby, who had a passion for the acclimation of animals,\\nentered into the enterprise of raising alpacas with great spirit, and in\\n1841 wrote: I certainly know of nothing likely to prevent the propaga-\\ntion of the animals in this country. It is said that he afterwards changed\\nhis opinion. The alpacas of the Earl of Derby eventually came into\\nthe hands of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Titus Salt, who devoted) much\\nattention to their culture. He finally arrived at the conclusion that\\nwhile the alpacas could endure the most intense cold, they would be\\nunable to withstand the humidity of the climate of England. Further\\nattempts to acclimate the alpaca in England seem to have been thence\\nforth abandoned.\\n.An English author, Wdliam Walton, who published a book on\\nthe alpaca in 1811, said that there was i!0 obstacle to the acquisition of\\nthe alpaca by France on the Alps and the Pyrenees, except the incapaciay\\nof Frenchmen. While the results in France certainly do not refute\\nMr. Walton s reproach, they evince no lack of zeal. But although\\nBufTon, in his extreme old age, declared I persist in believing that it\\nwould be as possible as it would be useful to naturalize these three\\nspecies of the animals of Puru, nothing was done in this direction until\\nthe commencement of this century, when the Empress Josephine\\nrevived the idea of BufTon. In 1804 she obtained orders from the King\\nof Spain for the transmission to France of a flock of the three then\\nl^nown species of these animals from his kingdom of Peru. Thirty-\\nfive animals were embarked from Buenos Ayres. On the voyage they\\ndid well until the provision of potatoes gave out, when twenty-seven\\ndied. The survivors were landed in Spain, but, on account of the wars,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0476.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "Tlic Llama and Alpaca. _/73\\nnever reached France. Subsequently, at a period not mentioned, Wil-\\nliam II, King of Holland, obtained a certain number of alpacas and\\nllamas, which he established in one of his parks. Notwtihstanding the\\nlow and humid locality, they multiplied to such an extent that the flock\\nreached the number of thirty head. In 1849, the French Minister of\\nAgriculture purchashed this flock, consisting of eighteen llamas and\\ntwelve alpacas, which arrived in good health; but, instead of bemg\\ncarried to the mountains, they were placed at Versailles, and all died.\\nIn 1857, the Imperial Society of Acclimation of France, engaged the\\nservices of a M. Roehn, an enthusiast in the project of naturalizing\\nthese animals, and familiar with them in their native country, who. after\\nsurmounting fatigue and difficulties impossible to describe, landed at\\nBordeaux thirty-three alpacas, nine llamas, and one vicuna, which were\\nthe only remains of some hundreds with which he started from Peru.\\nThe last record of this flock, made in 1861, is that those which survived,\\nunfortunately a small number, are now distributed in different suitable\\nlocalities, and are in a good state.\\nAn enterprise, which lor some time promised very brilliant results,\\nwas undertaken about 185:2, by Mr. Charles Ledger, an Englishman\\n(whose observations I have before frequently referred to), who had been\\nemployed in purchasing alpaca wools in Puru for English houses. In-\\nduced by the promise of a premium of \u00c2\u00a310,000, made by the Colony of\\nNew South Wales, for the introduction of a flock of Alpacas, he devoted\\nsix years of inexpressible toil and difficulty to this enterprise. His\\ndifficulties were greatly, enhanced by the necessity of removing the ani-\\nmals clandestinely, their exportation being prohibited by the Peruvian\\ngovernment. Starting from the interior in February, 1858, with 415\\nhead of llamas, alpacas, and vicunas, he arrived at the port of Caldera,\\nin May, with 322 animals. Thence embarking for Sidney in New South\\nWales, he arrived at that port in September with 260 head in excellent\\ncondition. The flock, immediately on its arrival, was driven to an eleva-\\nted locality, the district of Mammera. 260 miles from Sydney, a point\\npreviously selected by Mr. Ledger. He writes to a friend soon alter\\ntheir arrival. The animals are admirably recovered, in spite of the heat\\nof the season, and the privations of the voyage. The next report we\\nhave of the alpacas is a letter from Mr. Edward Wilson, a distinguished\\npropagator of acclimation in Australia, published in the Times in 1862.\\nHe says, The alpacas of Slv. Ledger have rapidly multiplied. They are\\nexempt from every malady, and appear to accommodate themselves bet-\\nter to the indigenous plants than to the clover and lucerne and other\\ncultivated plants first given to them. The propagation of the alpaca\\nin Australia is only a question of time. It is really sad, in view of the\\nsubsequent results which I am compelled to state, to see the extrava-\\ngant hopes that this intrepid enthusiast built upon his enterprise. He", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0477.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "4 /6 Appcidix.\\ndeclared that the descendants from his animals alone would be suffici-\\nently numerous before fifty years to supply an exportation of wool\\nof the value of fifteen million pounds sterling.\\nThe final report we have of this enterprise, from which so much\\nwas hoped, is in 1878, and is as follows:\\nAt first the experiment of Mr. Ledger presented most encourag-\\ning prospects; the herds contirmed healthy, and increased in numbers;\\nbut gradually the subtle influences of the loss of their native mountain\\nclimate became apparent, the creatures drooped, their numbers dwindled\\nand for the present the undertaking must be regraded as a complete\\nfailure.*\\nSome of the alpacas brought from Peru by M. Roehn in 1849,\\nwere landed in New York. I have no information as to their further\\ndestination or ultimate fate. S;e Hayes, p. 159-lt) 2.\\nIn the Report of the Hon. Frederick Watts for 1875, our\\nthen Commissioner of Agriculture, I find the following\\nIn the latter part of IST.j, correspondence was had between the Com\\nmissioner, and Hon. Francis Thomas, late minister to Peru (since de-\\nceased) concerning a small flock of alpacas which that gentleman had\\nimported from Peru and placed on his farm at Frankville, AUeghaney\\nCounty, Maryland. In a letter of October 8, 1875, Mr. Thomas, in-\\nclosing a sample of the wool of four months growth, remarked The\\nfiber of a fleece of twelve months growth often exceeds fifteen inches\\nin length, and the fleeces average from seven pounds to ten pounds j\\nin weight. The animals live to an age of twenty, twenty-five and some-\\ntimes thirty years; are too large, and bold, to be worried by dogs.\\nand are very docile, and tractable. I think you will concur with me in\\nthe opinion that this experiment which I am conducting is well worth\\nthe expense which I have incurred, especially when we consider the\\npublic benefit which would accrue in case of my success. The illustra-\\ntions here given are photographs of several of my flock.\\nAttempts have been made at various times in this country, in\\nEurope, and in Australia, to introduce the alpaca, but generally, without\\nprofitable results. Various causes have contributed to the failure of\\nthese efTorts. Sometimes the confinement on shipboard, during a long\\nvoyage, has nearly destroyed the stock. Again the animals, when\\nbrought to their destined abode, have been placed on luxuriant clover\\npasture, or other feed, so much richer than the coarse herbage of their\\nnative regions that disease has fastened on the whole flock.\\n^Encyclopaedia Britannica, art. Alpaca, ed. of 1878.\\nj-Dr. Hayes says: The adult llama furnishes an annual fleece of\\nfrom twelve to fourteen pounds and exceptionally of twenty. (See\\nHayes, p. 1-50.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0478.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "The Llama and Alpaca. ^/^yy\\nThe alpaca is indigenous in the mountain regions of Peru, and\\nthrives in the highest inhabited districts of the Andes, where the cold\\nis more severe than in most parts of the United States. Accustomed\\nto the viccisitudes of such regions, and inured to cold, damp,\\nhunger, and thirst, it is especially adapted to bleak hill districts. Yet,\\nit is said to do well in most localities where the air is pure, the heat not\\noppressive, and water, for bathing, readily accessible. The latter is\\nstated to be indispensable to the health of the animal, which, when de-\\nprived of this requisite, soon becomes fevered, and infected with scab.\\nWhile the introduction of the alpaca into this country still remains\\na matter of experiment, there is no known reason why such experiment\\nshould not be successful, when properly conducted, in localities afford-\\ning some approximation to the native conditions of the animal. Not\\nto mention many elevated situations in the Atlantic, Northern, and Cen-\\ntral States, the regions lying along the Rocky Mountain ranges have\\nbeen indicated as presenting good opportunities for such trials. See\\nAgtl. Dept. Report, 1875, p. 437.\\nIt appears to me there are many places in the United States\\nwhere the llama and alpaca, could be made to thrive equally as\\nwell as in their native country, and in view of the remarkable\\nsuccess that has attended the introduction of the Angora goat\\nin our country, notwithstanding the many failures in other conti-\\nnents, it would certainly seem to justify the appropriation of a\\nfew thousand dollars upon the part of our government in mak-\\ning an experiment that is likely to result in so much general\\ngood. It is hardly reasonable to expect individuals to take this\\nrisk in the face of so many apparent failures in other countries.\\nIt is not known, in fact, that the experiment of the Hon. Francis\\nThomas was a failure or not. This gentleman seems to have\\ndied soon after he brought the stock from Peru, and placed\\nthem on his farm in Maryland. It is more than likely his heirs\\nwere not in sympathy with him in the enterprise and paid little,\\nor no attention, to the animals after his death and permitted\\nthem to die for want of proper attention. The same fate might\\nhave followed our experiment with the Angola goat. Dr. J.\\nB. Davis of South Carolina, brought over from Turkey the first\\nof these in 1849. and died not many years after. If he had not\\nsucceeded in placing them in the hands of a gentleman of the\\npublic spirit and enterprise of Col. Richard Peters of Georg::.,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0479.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "478 Appendix.\\nwe would not today be enjoying the fruits from our Angora\\nGoat Industry. Col. Peters practically founded this industry\\nat the risk of a considerable sum of money in an early day when\\nwe could hardly expect our government to take part in any such\\nmatter; but, in this day and time it is unreasonable to expect in-\\ndividuals to risk their capital in an enterprise that is calculated\\nto be of national benefit, which the successful introduction of\\nthe Alpaca would certainly result in.\\nAn experiment of this nature can be carried out with reas-\\nonable assurance of success, and it is to be hoped that Congress\\nwill be generous enough to make the necessary appropriation\\nto import, say one hundred females with a sufficient number of\\nmales and distribute them either in the hands of individuals in\\nour Rocky Mountain districts, where they are more than likely\\nto thrive, or divide them up in several parcels and place them\\nin charge of the Experimental Stations in such States as may\\nseem best.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0480.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "A Pamper orv\\nthe\\nIbex\\nof Asi^L", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0481.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "PLATE XLIII.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0482.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "THE IBEX.\\nIt is claimed by some naturalists that the Angora goat\\noriginated from a cross between the Ibex and Domestic\\nGoat, an opinion however that appears to have very little sup-\\nport beyond the fact that the animal is ([uite common in Asia,\\nand if taken when young can be easily tamed.\\nAccording to Tschudi\\nYoung tamed Ibexes were frequently driven to the mountains, along\\nwith the goats in whose company they would afterwards voluntarily\\nreturn. Even wild specimens have been known to stray among the\\nherds of goats although, strange to say, they at all times shun the society\\nof the chamois.\\nThis, together with the fact that the two animals grow\\nbeards. and the horns are somewhat of the same nature,\\nwould seem to constitute the only ground for such an opinion.\\nIn order that the reader can form his own judgment upon this\\nsubject, (although I do not regard it as being of any material\\nimportance). I have taken the following description of the animal\\nfrom the Encyclopedia Britannica, together with the accompany-\\ning illustration as shown in plate XLIII.\\nIbex is the common name of several closely allied species of\\nruminant mammals, belonging to the genus capra, or goats, inhabit-\\ning the loftiest regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The European\\nibex, or steinboc, capra ibex, abounded during the middle ages among\\nmountain ranges of Germany, Switzerland, and the Ural, but has since\\ndisappeared from the greater part of this area, being now ?lmost wholly\\nconfined to the Alps, which separate Valais from Piedmont, and to the\\nlofty peaks of Savoy, where its continued existence is mainly due to the\\naction of protective game laws. The Ibex is a handsome animal meas-\\nuring about four and a half feet in length, and two and a half feet high;\\nits skin is covered in summer W ith a short fur of an ashy grey colour, and\\nin winter with much longer yellowish-brown hair, concealing a dense\\nfur beneath. A short beard is present in the male in winter, but, as\\nit disappears altogether in spring, Darwin regards this appendage as\\nrudimentary. The horns, especially in the male, form a striking feat-\\nure; rising from the crest of the skull, they bend gradually backwards,", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0483.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "^82 Appendix.\\nattaining a length, in old specimens of about two feet; they are thick\\nand flat, and have the anterior face ridged with knotty transverse bands.\\nIn the female, the horns never exceed half a foot in length, and are much\\nless rugose than in the male. The front legs are somewhat shorter than\\nthose behind, which enables the Ibex to ascend the mountain slopes\\nwith more facility than it can descend, while its hoofs, according to\\nTschudi, are as hard as steel, rough underneath, and when walking\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0over a flat surface, capable of being spread out. These, together with\\nits powerful sinews, enable it to take prodigious leaps, to balance itself\\non the smallest foothold, and to scale almost perpendicular rocks. The\\nIbex lives habitually at a greater height than the chamois, or any other\\nof the Alpine mammals, its vertical limit being the line of perpetual\\nsnow. There it rests in sunny nooks during the day, descending at\\nnight to the highest woods to graze, and retiring at sunrise to its snowy\\nfastnesses. This return journey forms the Ibex hunter s opportunity.\\nTo get within gunshot the huntsman has usually to approach from\\nabove; accordingly, he ascends to the limit of perpetual snow, and there\\npasses the night among the daily haunts of the Ibex, lying in wait\\nfrom early dawn for its return. The Ibexes are gregarious, feeding in\\nherds of ten to fifteen individuals; the old males, however, generally\\nlive apart from, and usually at greater elevations than, the females and\\nyoung. They are said to give out a sharp whistling sound, not unlike\\nthat of the chamois, but, when greatly irritated, or frightened, they make\\na peculiar snorting noise. The period of gestation in the female is\\nninety days, after which she produces, usually at the end of June, a\\nsingle young one, which is able at once to follow its mother. These,\\nwhen caught young, and fed on goat s milk can, it is said, be readily\\nlamed; and, in the sixteenth century, young tamed Ibexes were, accord-\\ning to Tschudi, frequently driven to the mountains along with the goats,\\nin whose company they would afterwards voluntarily return. Even\\nwild specimens have thus been known to stray among the herds of goats,\\nalthough, strange to say, they at all times shun the society of the cha-\\nmois. The Ibex was formerly hunted largely for its flesh and skin;\\nbut, although the latter, owing to its scarcity, now commands a high\\nprice, the difficulty arising from the operation of the game laws, and\\nabove all the difficulty and danger, inseparable from the sport, have\\nreduced the number of hunters, to a few hardy mountaineers, who find\\nin the pursuit of the Ibex, the keenest enjoyment of life. For weeks,\\nthe sportsman will follow a track across fields of ice, along narrow\\nledges, over precipices, and across chasms, nearly frozen to death at\\nnight, and often with little more than a crust of bread for sustenance,\\nyet considering himself more than repaid by the sight, at last, of his\\nprey grazing within range of his rifle. Its flesh is said to resemble mut-\\nton, but has a flavour of game. Ency. Brit. Vol. XII, p. 605.", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0484.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "For mulaL\\nfor Dressirvg the Arvgora.\\nGoQLt Skin", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0485.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0486.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "Index", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0487.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0488.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "INDEX\\nPAGE\\nAbortion in Angora does 381\\nAbrams. J. V.. reference to, by Col. W. W. Haupt 76\\nAcorns, reference to 2SG, 38j!, 389, 416\\nAge of Angora goats 67, 432\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094How to tell 37-2\\nAiken, Hon. D. Wyatt, reference to 243\\nAlabama, reference to Angora goat industry in 96\\nAlbany Times, extract from concerning Davis goats 202\\nAlder brush, reference to 359, 366\\nAllen, Col. Richard, letter from concernmg early Davis goats.... 19?\\nAllen, L. A., reference to 446, 448\\nAllshorn, Dr. Adolph H., reference to goat s milk 289\\nAlpaca, first manufacture of in England 122\\nImported into England 123\\nExtent of production in Peru 123\\nAlpaca, and Llama, description of 467\\nReference to introduction of, into United States 472\\nExperiments in acclimating 473, 474, 475\\nFleece of 476\\nAge of 476\\nAmbler, Dr. D. C, first to introduce Angoras into New York 69\\nAmerican Angora Goat Breeders Association, reference to 446\\nAmerican Angora goat record, reference to 447\\nAmerican Farmer, reference to concerning Llamas and Alpacas. 472\\nAmerican Institute, report of concerning Davis goats 191\\nAngora, and Cashmere, goats, experiments in crossing 458\\nOpinion of Sir Samuel Wilson on crossing 459\\nReference to 187, 19 1\\nAngora, Col. Richard Peters decides on name of the Davis goats 198\\nAngora goat, when, where, and how, did it originate 25\\nFirst mention of\\nDr. Hayes opinion as to introduction in Asia Minor -i\\nJno. S. Harris opinion as to origin 29\\nAngora goat, distribution of, into other countries 34\\nReference to, by M. Tournefort 34\\nReference to, by M. de la Tour d Aigues 34\\nIntroduction of into Spain and France 34\\nEmbargo placed on exportation of. from Turkey 36", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0489.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "iv. Index.\\nPAGE\\nIn Canada 39\\nEarly variety, character of 41, 91, 187\\nImportations of, into the United States 48\\nAncient custom of bathing them in wine 91\\nEars, character of 91\\nNumber of, in different States 104\\nImpossible to sell in large numbers, for slaughter 114\\nFeeding of, for market 155\\nPure-bred variety extinct 178\\nIn Turkey nearly all are cross-breeds 178\\nDifference in 181\\nDr. John Bachnlan s reference to 196\\nPure-breeds, opinions as to what point it has 213, 214, 215\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Age of, how to tell 372\\nMilking ciualities 281\\nDifference between it, and sheep, as to meat 375\\nSkins, how to dress with the hair on 485\\nEstimate of the value of in Turkey 445\\nEstimate of shearing capacity in Turkey 445\\nAngora skins, tariff on 166\\nHow they are graded in market 147\\nHow to prepare them for market 147\\nAngora lace trimming, reference to 127\\nAngora, province of, description of 31\\nAngora venison, as a salable product 154\\nAnd mutton, compared, as to value 151, i55, 156\\nDifferent from common goat meat 158\\nArizona, reference to Angora industry in 93\\nNotes of breeders in 434\\nReference to territory 302\\nArkansas, reference to Angora industry in 96\\nArlington Mills, reference to, by Dr. Hayes 128\\nArmstrong, J. D., reference to 371\\nArnold, Brothers, one of the early breeders in Texas 76\\n.A-rnold goats, reference to 332\\nArnold, J. M. statment of, concerning his Angora goats 316\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 404, 433\\nRemarks of, concerning non-shedding Angoras 226\\nArsenic, as a remedy for lice on goats 383\\nAsh brush, reference to 360\\nAsiatic goats, reference to by Dr. Jno. Bachman 196, 197\\nSkins of, reference to 16\u00c2\u00a3\\nAsiatic mange, reference to 378\\nAsia Minor, reference to, by Jno. S. Harris 91", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0490.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "Index. V.\\nPAGE.\\nAtlanta Constitution, extract from conccrninr; Davis goats.. 60\\nExtract from -255\\nAustria, reference to Angora goat industry in 110\\nIntroduction of the Llama, and Alpaca into 475\\nBabb, Rev. D. S., one of the early Texas breeders 76\\nStatements from, concerning his Angora goats 316-\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 40-2, 433\\nBabb, goats, reference to 319\\nBachelder, Hon. N. J., letter from concerning land in New Hampshire 296\\nReference to Angora goat industry, in New Hampshire 95\\nBachman, Dr. John, opinion about Angora meat 155\\nReport of, on Davis goats 195, 196\\nExtract from writings of 232, 240\\nBailey, C. P., importations made by, from South Africa.... 51, 84\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 331\\nReference to mohair grown by 332\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 415, 434\\nBailey, goats, reference to 320;, 327, 328, 332, 335, 339, 340. 436\\nBailey, Hon. J. W., reference to abandoned-farms in Maine 295\\nBaird, Prof. Spencer F., description of Rocky Mountain goat 463\\nBakewell, Robt., reference to. 448\\nBarnes, Almont, concerning available pasturage in United States.... 302.\\nReference to bulletin concerning, goats 108\\nBarnette, J. R., statement from, concerning his Angoras 339\\nNotes from on practical breeding 423, 434\\nBarnes, reference to clearing with goats 351\\nBarrett, Dr. M., experience in breeding in Virginia 66\\nBass-wood, reference to clearing, with goats 356\\nBaylor, Geo. W., remarks on non-shedding Angoras, etc 228\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to Col. W. D. Parish 78\\nStatement from, concerning his Harris Baylor goats 310^\\nAssociates with Jno. S. Harris. 92\\ni Reference to transfer of goats rfrom Idaho, by Jno. S. Harris. 339\\nNotes from on practical breeding. 406, 433\\nBeard of Angora goat, reference to 214, 260\\nBelon Father, first mention of the Angora goat 26\\nBell, Hon. C. J., letter from concerning Angot;as in Vermont 95\\nConcerning lands in Vermont.-. 296\\nBells, number of, to use on a f\\\\ock-.-\u00c2\u00bbQ ..-r?. 392\\nAdvantage of .y{\u00e2\u0080\u009e\u00e2\u0080\u009e,. 392\\nReference to 430\\nBerry, Wm., reference to sheep industry. 442\\nBevington, Dr., of Iowa, reference to 101", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0491.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "vi. Index.\\nPAGE\\nBible, references in 263, 264, 266\\n5 Testimony concerning the goat, and, hair of 25, 117\\nBilly, reference to use of term 263, 264, 265\\nBill, James A., statement from, concerning his Angoras 344\\nConcerning Angora goats in Cormecticut 96\\nReference to clearing brushy land 370\\n-Notes from on practical breeding 430, 435\\nBinns H. O., observations on cross-breeding in Turkey 177\\n^On diiTerent types of Angora goats 181\\nOn original type of the Angora goat 187\\nOpinion of, as to pure-bred Angoras 213\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 232, 265\\nBlack, Mrs. N. P., reference to the transfer of the Peters goats. 62\\nBlackburn, A., reference to clearing brush with goats 360\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 411, 433\\nGoats raised by, commended 324\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 324\\nBlack Hickory, reference to clearing with goats 356\\nBlood, controlling influence of, in developing 186\\nBoer goa.t, subject to scab in South Africa 378\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 179\\nBokara, goats of, described by Jno. S. Harris 28\\nBooth, I. J., reference to clearing brush land 356\\nNotes from on practical breeding 422, 433\\nBoston, reference to Angora goats in 47\\nBoulier, M., observations on cross-breeding 253\\nReference to losses of pure-blooded stock in Turkey 216\\nReference to terms applied to goats 265\\nBox-wood, reference to clearing with goats 366\\nBoyden, Jno. A., one of the early breeders in North Carolina 193\\nBranding, reference to the practice of 399\\nBrannin, S. S., reference to 304, 464\\nReference to climate of Montana 93\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 339\\nNotes from on practical breeding 427, 434\\nLfetter from, concerning Rocky Mountain goat 241\\nBrandt, M., description of Cashmere goat 27\\nI Description of a pure-bred Angora 213\\nBradford, England, erection of A-Iohair mills in 123\\nBrahmin bull, imported by Dr Davis 206\\nBreeding, original Angora goats only bred one kid 42\\nObservations on, by Col. J. Wash Watts 54\\nObservations on, by Col. Richard Peters 64\\nNotes from practical breeders 403 to 435", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0492.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "Index. vii.\\nPA( B\\nTable showing results of -269\\nPeriod, reference to 388\\nOn the open range 391\\nNumber of days customary 391\\nSeasons for different sections 402 to 437\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094By hand 388\\nBri ish Columbia, adaptabil ty of, in i aisiny Au^oias 40\\nBritish Goat Society, reference to 288\\nBroadbent, Sir Wm., observations of, about milk 289\\nBromley, Mr. of Utah, reference to 340\\nBrown, John, reference to Col. W. D. Parish 78\\nRemarks of concerning- non-shedding Angora 226\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 315\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 402, 433\\nBrown, D. J., remarks of concerning- Cashmere goats 455\\nReference to crossing the Cashmere and Angora 458\\nDescription of the Llama, and Alpaca lo7\\nBrush, serious nature of 20\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to clearing,.. 98, 101, J 02, 351, 355, 356, 359, 360,\\n361, 362, 365, 366, 367\\nReference to the cost of clearing 352\\nReference to number of goats required 355, 350. 360\\nEqual to peaches and cream, to a goat 21\\nOpinion of Dr. Dayis, relative to the South 22\\nObservations about, by Col. Robt. W. Scott 64\\nGoats commonly used to clear, in Oregon 84\\nReference to, in Illinois 94\\nBruner, T. K., reference to industry in North Carolina 93\\nBuck, C. M., reference to 343\\nBuck. reference to the term 263, 265\\nBucks, how to decide on. opinions of breeders 222\\nReference to selecting 227, 228, 248\\nEssential features in 249, 259\\nCheap, reference to 260\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Cost of -260, 269, 272\\nProper number for breeding 271, 272. 388, 391\\nReference to bre ;ding season 388\\nWhen to remove buck-kids from flock 388\\nHow to manage, in breeding 388\\nKeeping of, after season of breedmg 391\\nBuck-brush, reference to clearing 347, 351, 355, 367\\nBuck-eye, reference to clearing 365\\nBurdette-Coutts, Baroness, reference to 288\\nBurr-oak, reference to clearing 348\\nButter, from goat s milk 284", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0493.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "viii. Index.\\nPAGE\\nCalifornia, notes from breeders in 434\\nReference to first importation of Ang oras into 79\\nCamp-rustler, reference to 393\\nCamping outfit for shepherds 272\\nCanada, adaptabih.tv of, to the Angora goat 39\\nCanada, J. H., reference to 347\\nCanada thistle, reference to clearing with goats 347\\nCannon s dip, as a remedy for screw worms 379\\nCantrell, Ari, introduction of Angoras into Oregon 84\\nReference to 327\\nCape Colony, first introduction of Angoras, into 35\\nPlaces export duty on Angora goats 105\\nReference to increase in mohair product 246\\nCarbolic dips, for lice on Angoras 383\\nCarcass of Angora, difference in size of. 212, 217\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 241, 259\\nCarding Mohair, what constitutes 142\\nCare and management of Angoras, chapter on 384\\nCarolina, North, reference to Angora industry in 93\\nCarolina, South, Dr. Davis opinion of Mohair grown in 46\\nFirst to handle the Angora in the United States 52\\nCartledge, E, reference to 294\\nCashmere goat, reference to by Dr. Hayes 27\\nReference to by Jno. S. Harris 86\\nReference to by several committees 192\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Weight of fur produced 198, 202\\nIn possession of J. C. Hightower 198\\nLetter from Col. Richard Allen, relative to 199\\nExtracts from newspapers relating to 199, 201\\nExchanged by Dr. Davis with Earl of Derby 206\\nA paper on 455\\n^Description of by D. J. Browne 455\\nDescripton of by S. Holmes Pegler 456\\n^Dr. Davis opinion on 455\\nCashmere, wool, reference to manufacture of in England 457\\nOpinion of Sir Samuel Wilson on 457\\nExperiments in crossing with Angora 458\\nDr. Davis experiments in crossing 459\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Great value of 199, 201, 202, 203, 204\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094How gathered 199, 202, 207\\nCashmere, or Angora 187, 197\\nCashmere shawls, reference to manufacture of 125\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Cashmsre and Thibet wool 181, 196\\nCastrating, when, and how, it should be done 399\\nCattle and sheep, receipt of for 33 years in Chicago 158", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0494.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "Index. ix.\\nPAGE\\nCoyote, reference to 39!)\\nCedar brush, reference to clearing 366\\nCensus of Angora goats, in the United States 103\\nLetter from H. M. Williamson, concerning 105\\nLetter from Wm. R. Payne, concerning 103\\nChamberlain, T. L., reference to 343\\nChapparell, black, reference to clearing o. i\\nCheap bucks, reference to 260\\nCheese, reference to -84\\nChew, R. B., reference to 299\\nChenery, Winthrop W., experience with Angoras in Massachusetts.. 70\\nChenery goats, reference to 331, 442\\nCherry, brush, reference to clearing 356, 360, 361\\nChicago Live Stock Commission Co., letter from 156\\nChicago meat packers unwilling to buy Angoras 114\\nChilton, Jos. R., committee report on Davis goats 191\\nChinese goat skin rugs 168\\nChute for cutting out goats, how to make 393\\nSystem used by W. G. Hughes 435\\nCircassian goat, reference to 455\\nCitus, small, reference to clearing 361\\nClaggett, W. D., observations on clearing brush 361\\nStatement from concerning his Angoras 323\\nNotes from, on practical breeding ^13, 433\\nClaridges Farmer, extract from 300\\nClaridge, R. R., reference to 76\\nClearing brush land, reference to 351, 355-6, 359 to 362, 36o to 367\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Estimate of cost of 352, 359, 367, 368, 269\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Number of goats required 355, 356, 359. 360, 361, 366, 371\\nLength of time required 361, 362, 365\\nCleveland, Hon. Grover, removes tariff on Mohair 162\\nClimate of United States, adaptibility of, to the Angora goat 47\\nClimatic influence on goats 182, 185, 191, 381\\nClipping machines, reference to 395\\nCoarse Mohair, what constitutes 142\\nCoast Mohair Association, reference to 323\\nCockle-burr, reference to clearing 371\\nColorado, reference to 94, 294, 302\\nColored ^Mohair, reference to 396\\nColored kids, reference to by practical breeders 403 to 435\\nColored Angoras in Turkey, reference to 178\\nCombing Mohair, what constitutes 141\\nCombination sale of Angora goats, reference to. 447\\nAdvantages of the system 448\\nCommercial features of the industry T. 133", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0495.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "X. Index.\\nPAGE\\nCommittee reports on Davis goats 191, 192, 193\\nConolly, Capt., description of manner of manufacturing Alohair.... US\\nReference to 232\\nConklin Bros., letter from 223\\nStatement from conoeining- theii- Angoras 3:8\\nReference to 328, 331, 442\\ni\\\\otes from, on practical oreeding 414, 434\\nReference to clearing brush land 362\\nConnecticut, reference to Angoras in 96\\nReference to area adapted to Angoras in 297\\nNotes from breeders in 135\\nConstantinople merchants, try to prevent export of Angora gor.cs.. 37\\nConsumption, reference to disease 28!)\\nCooper s dip, recommended for lice on Angoras 383\\nReference to by breeders 422, 4:J{i\\nCountry Gentleman, extract from in 185G l!-9\\nExtract from concerning importation of Price Maurice 50\\nCorn, as a feed for fattening Angoras 375\\nCorrals, when necessary 392\\nHow to construct 393\\nHow much to feed 375\\nCost of bucks, reference to 260\\nCost of keeping Angoras, opinions from breeders 403 to 435\\nCotton seed meal, and hulls, as a fattening feed 374\\nHow much to feed 375\\nCrab-apple brush, reference to clearing -.351, 367\\nCronch, Col. B. L., letter from 320\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 228\\nReference to clearing brush land 371\\nNotes from on practical breeding -06, 433\\nReference to tariff on goats, and Mohair 406\\nCross-breeding, extract from Schreiner on 16\\nObservations of Col. J. Wash Watts on 54\\nIn Asia Minor, encouraged by demand for Mohair 123\\nDr. J. B. Davis first experiments 177\\nCol. Richard Peters expedience with 177\\nIn Turkey 178\\nIn oouth Africa 179, ld7\\nDr. Davis later experience 188\\nReport of Dr. Jno. Bachman on 195\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Opinion of Col. Robt. W. Scott on 207\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Opinion of Col. W. W. Haupt on 211\\nStatement concerning, by M. TchihatchefT 216\\nCross-breeding, chapter on 2^3\\nReference to, by Dr. Hayes 245", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0496.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "Index. xi.\\nPAGE\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 246, 247, 240, 254\\nIn Turkey, reference to 253\\nCulling out old goats, reference to 390\\nCumberbatch, H. A., description of Province of Angora 31\\nCummings, Dr., reference to 328\\nCurrie, Sir Philip, permit granted, to export Angoras 8G\\nDakota, North, reference to Angora goat industry in 93\\nSouth, reference to Angora goat industry in 93\\nReference to 3( I2\\nDavenport, Col. B., introduces Angoras in Virginia 60\\nDavis, Dr. J. B., opinion concerning brush land in the South 22\\nFirst to import Cashmere Goats to the United States 34\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Portrait of 44\\nBiographical sketch of _ 45\\nOpinion concerning stock best adapted to the South 46\\nOpinion concerning raising or Mohair in the United States... 46\\nSale of pure-breeds to Col. Richard Peters 47\\nFirst experiment with crossing on common goats 52, 177\\nConcerning improvement in Cashmere goats 187\\nReference to Cashmere goats 455, 459\\nDavis, Col. Zimmerman, letter from 46\\nLetter concerning the Davis goats leo\\nDavis goats, reference to 313, 343, 442, 459\\nReports on, by committees 191, 192, 195\\nNot from Angora 2()(\u00c2\u00bb, 2(13\\nMicroscopic examination of fleece of 200\\nTestimony of his daughter as to character of 205\\nDavis Cashmere goats, reference to 197, 199\\nDarwin, Prof. Charles, on origin of goats 29\\nExtract from concerning breeding, etc 236. 239\\nDeMoville, John A., reference to 300\\nDerby, Earl of, introduction of Angora goats into England 34\\nExchange made with Dr. J. B. Davis for Cashmeres 206\\nDevine, J. P., reference to by Col. W. W. Haupt 71)\\nObservations of respecting climate of Texas 77\\nDevine goats, reference to 319, 320, 343. 442\\nDiehl, Hon. Israel H., concerning climate of the United States.... 47\\nReference to importation of Angoras in 1870 49\\nReference to early breeders in the United States 67\\nDescription of spinning Alohair in Turkey 118\\nReference to the manufacture of Mohair 124\\nCommissioned to visit Asia Minor 124\\nReference to different types of Angoras 181", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0497.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "xii. Index.\\nPAGE\\nOpinion of as to pure-bred Angoras 215\\nReference to 235\\nReference to training and working goats 281\\nReference to millving goats 281\\nReference to cheese, and butter, from goats 284\\nDiehl and Brown, importation of 48, 235\\nReference to character of goats imported 49\\nDiehl and Brown, goats, reference to 442\\nDipping Angora goats, reference to 374, 382, 383\\nOpinions of breeders, on 402 to 435\\nDipping vat, where to locate, and how to construct 393\\nDips, kinds recommended 383\\nDiseased cows condemned in Illinois 288\\nDiseases, freedom from in Angora goats 195, 367, 355\\nExperience of Chas. S. Brown in New York 69\\nChapter on 376\\nMr. Tyson s experience 115\\nReported in Oregon 380\\nDr. M. Barrett s experience 67\\nDr. With3 combe s opinion 380\\nDr. McLeani s opinion 881\\nExperience of practical breeders 402 to 435\\nDissler, C, notes from on practical breeding 405, 433\\nDocking, reference to 399\\nDodge, J. R., reference to importation by Price Maurice 50\\nDoes, how to select 248\\nWhen to cull out of breeding flock 390\\nThat do not own their kids, how to manage 397\\nDoe kids, when to begin breeding 388\\nDoe, reference to term 263, 265\\nDogs, reference to 195. 200, 355, 387, 403. 416, 420\\nNot advisable to permit all herders to use 392\\nRaised by a doe very useful 392, 418\\nExperience of Wm. Richter with 416\\nExperience of E. R. Williams, with 418\\nDogwood brush, reference to clearing 355, 366\\nDoughter Luttrell, remarks on non-shedding Angoras 227\\nStatement from concerning their Angora goats 320\\nNotes from on practical breeding 405, 433\\nDougherty, L. B., experience with Angoras 426\\nDowell, O., statement from concerning his Angoras 323\\nReference to clearing vip brush 359\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 410, 433\\nDressendorfer, George, reference to 343", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0498.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "Iiidc.v. xiii.\\nPAGE\\nDunison. James H., statement from concerning his goats 328\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 417, 434\\nDye, Hon. Franklin, concerning land in New Jersey 298\\nEamen, T. F., reference to 446, 448\\nEarly. J. B.. reference to 339\\nAssociates with Jno. S. Harris 92\\nEars of the Angora, referred to by J. S. Harris 91\\nRemarks on by Mr. Schreiner 187\\nRemarks on by Dr. Jno. Bachman 196\\nReference to style of 259\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 213, 214, 215, 216, 259\\nEastern Province Herald, extract from 36\\nEdwards, Hon. A. H., letter from concerning brush clearing 348\\nNotes from on practical breeding 422, 433\\nElberst. B. F., reference to 102, 446, 448\\nElder brush, reference to clearing 355, 360, 361\\nElder ash, reference to clearing 366\\nElliott, W. H., committee report, on Davis goats 191\\nElm brush, reference to clearing 356\\nEmnott, Jno. M.. reference to 138\\nEngland, first introduction of x^ngoras into 34\\nEutichedes, A., importation of Angoras into the United States 49\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 323, 328\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 378, 422\\nEvans. J. B., reference to Angoras owned bj^ 180\\nEvans, Tom S.. remarks concerning non-shedding Angoras 227\\nStatement from concerning his Angoras 320\\nNotes from on practical breeding 408, 433\\nEwe, reference to term as applied to goats 263, 265\\nExaminer. of Gallatin, Tenn., extract from 203\\nExpense of keeping goats 2G9, 272, 273\\nExperiments in acclimating the Llama end Alpaca 473\\nExportation of Angoras prohibited in Turkey 36\\nFailure of industry in ^Missouri, reference to 68\\nFarms abandoned, reference to 295, 296\\nFarr Alpaca Co., reference to 128\\nFaure, Sir P., opposes Cape Colony export duty 108\\nFeatherstone. R.. reference to Angoras bred by 180\\nFeeding Angora goats, reference to by E. R. Johns 155\\nFor market 374. 375\\nDuring the winter 389\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to by practical breeders 402 to 435", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0499.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "xiv. Index.\\nPAGE\\ndeeding milch goats, reference to 280\\nFences, reference to by Col. Robt. W. Scott 64\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 351, 368, 387\\nReference to. b} practical breeders 4U 2 to 435\\nKorn brush, reference to clearing 360, 361, 36\\nFibre of mohair, difference in 180\\nFiji Islands, first introduction into 35\\nFink Co., reference to im.portation from South Africa 51\\nFink, Henry, statement from about his Angoras 319\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 404 to 433\\nFink goats, reference to 320\\nFir brush, reference to clearing 359\\nFinnegan, John Co., reference to 138\\nFiske, L. S. Co., reference to 138\\nFleeces, weight of original goats imported by Harris 91\\nAverage weight of in different States 104\\nClassification of in different States 104\\nDifference in Turkey 187\\nDifference in South Africa 187\\nValue of early American 192\\nReference to by Dr. John Bachman 197\\nOf Cashmere goat, weight of 200, 202\\nOf pure Angoras, opinions on 213, 216\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 229, 230, 256\\nOf breeding sire 259\\nWeight of, reference to 267\\nFlesh of Angoras, superior to mutton 195\\nFlint Sargent, importation into California 83\\nt locks, size of in Oregon 84\\nProper number of goats for 390\\nMixed, objection to 390\\nReference to sizes, by practical breeders 402 to 435\\nFood, influence of, in developing animals 186\\nFoot-rot, reference to 379\\nRemedy for 379\\nReference to by Wm. M. Landrum 403\\nReference to by Jno. M. Arnold 404\\nForeman, C. W., reference to 328\\nFormula for dressing Angora skins 485\\nFoster R. C, concerning Davis Cashmere goats 199\\nFox ears, reference to 259\\nFrance, first introduction of Angoras .into 34\\nFranz, Henry, reference to 3-^3", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0500.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "Index. XV.\\nPAGE\\nFuclis. H. T.. statement from about his Angoras 319\\nNotes from on practical breedisg 408, 433\\nOpinion concerning non-shedding Angoras 225\\nFull-blood Angoras, reference to 212\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Use of, injured the industry at the start 110\\nFull-blood vs. pure-bred 248, 248, 2,50, 251, 254, 255, 256\\nFulmer, F. S., experience in Virginia 66\\nFurs, made out of goat skins 148\\nFur, from Cashmere goat, how gathered 199, 202, 207\\nGalbraith. FI. W., statement from about his Angoras 319\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 403, 433\\nGarrett, J. W., statement from, about his Angoras 320\\nNotes from on practical breeding 407, 433\\nGarnett, L. G., reference to 85\\nGarrard. W. C., reference to Angoras in Illinois 94\\nGarst, Frank, reference to 85, 320, 343\\nLetter from giving his experience with Angoras 436\\nGarvin, Hon. J. B., letter from concerning land in West Virginia.. 299\\nGatherall, Garvin, on climatic influence in Turkey 182\\nGatherall. George, letter concerning shipment to South Africa in 1895 36\\nReference to 446\\nReference to cross-breeding in Turkey 253\\nGeorgia, reference to Angoras in 47\\nSecond State to handle Angora goats 55\\nReference to area in adapted to goats 303\\nGeredah Angoras, imported by Col. Richard Peters 49\\nGestation, period of, in Angora goats 388\\nGoats, Bible testimony concerning 25\\nTrained to work 281\\nGreek authors testimony concerning 26\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Tariff on 165\\nGoe, General J. S., experience in Pennsylvania 69\\nGohl, Hon. T. S., letter from about land in Connecticut 297\\nGoodrich, Charles J., committee report on Davis goats 192\\nGordan, C, F., reference to Angoras n Fiji Islands 35\\nGrades of ]\\\\Iohair, reference to 141\\nShould be made standard 141, 163\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094In Turkey 142\\nGrading up Angoras, experience of J. C. P. McLendon 435\\nGrady, Hon. Henry W., interview with Col. Peters 61\\nGraves, E.. notes from on practical breedmg. 426, 434\\nGray Gilmore, importation of Angoras into California 83\\nGreasewood brush, reference to clearing 366", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0501.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "xvi. Index.\\nPAGE\\nGreen (W. W.) goats, reference to 3 28\\nGrubs, reference to cleaning 348\\nGuadalupe Island, reference to, by Dr. Hayes 38\\nReference to raising goats on 38, 230\\nGunzer Bros., reference to goats of 340\\nHair of the goat, Bible testimony, concerning 25\\nGreek Authors, testimony concerning 26\\nHair of the Angora, will not mix with common goat hair 174\\nHair, red camels, reference to 191\\nHair, two kinds on one Angora 191, 198, 207, 208\\nOpinions of breeders about 222\\nMicroscopic examination of 201\\nQur\\\\y, indication of purity 213, 214\\nHall, Wm.. purchases Butterfield Son s Angoras 89\\nHamilton, James R., letter concerning feeding Angoras 374\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 428, 435\\nHamilton, Hon. John, letter from about lands in Pennsylvania.... 297\\nHamilton, Jamess R., letter concerning feeding Angoras 374\\nHand-breedmg, reference to 388\\nHard-hack brush, reference to cleaning 366\\nHardy, Col. Wm., introduces Angora goats into Arizona 93\\nHarland, Wm., reference to 328\\nHarper, Ira, statement about his Angoras 339\\nNotes from on practical breeding 424, 434\\nHarris. John S., opinion as to origin of Angoras 29\\nAccount of journey into Caubmere 28\\nReference to sample of 22-inch Mohair 39\\nReference to Diehl Brown importaton 49\\nReference to exports of Angoras from Turkey 78\\nBiographical sketch of 86\\nReference to non-shedding Angoras 230\\nConcerning Idaho as a goat country 302\\nStatement from concerning his Angoras 339\\nNotes from on practical breeding 427, 434\\nHarris, goats, reference to 310, 331, 332, 442\\nHarris Baylor goats, reference to 319, 423\\nHarris Hall, importation of 49, 83\\nHassler, J. M., statement about his Angoras 327\\nNotes from on practical breeding 411, 433\\nHatcher, Wm., reference to feeding Angoras 382\\nHaupt, Col. W. W., biographical sketch of 71\\nLetter referring to cross-breeding 211\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 228", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0502.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "Iiidcs.\\nPAGE\\nReference to cross-breeds 254, 255\\nLetter from concerning W. G. Hughes goats 313\\nNotes from on practical breeding 405, 438\\nHaupt goats, reference to 316, 442\\nHawley, J. H., reference to clearing land 360\\nStatement from about his Angoras 323\\nNotes from on practical breeding 412, 433\\nHayes, Dr. J. L., opinion concerning introduction of Angoras into\\nAsia Minor 27\\nOpinion of, concerning Cashmeres 27\\nOpinion why the industry did not succeed in the United States 109\\nReference to Angoras in Australia 110\\nReference to manufacture of Mohair 121\\nReference to the applicaton of Mohair 126\\nReference to the application of skins for rugs 127\\nReference to pure-bred Angoras 213\\nExtract from book of 244\\nReference to cross-breeding 255\\nReference to the Alpaca and its congeners 473\\nHazel brush, reference to clearing. .351, 355, 356, 359, 360, 361, 365, 368\\nHead, Dr. James M., reference to goat raised by 203\\nHead of the Angora goat, opinions about 213, 214, 215, 216\\nHeever, Hon. Van den, supports export duty in South Africa 107\\nHenderson, Col., first importation to Cape Colony 35\\nHerding goats, cost of 269, 273\\nOpinions from practical breeders 402 to 435\\nLoose, reference to 392\\nHow it should be done 391\\nHerder s outfit, reference to 272, 394\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Rations 272, 394\\nHermans, E. J., letter concerning land in Washington 301\\nHickory brush, reference to clearing 355, 356, 367\\nBlack, reference to clearing 356\\nHightower, J. C, statement from about his Angoras 332\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 229, 230\\nNotes from on practical breeding 419, 434\\nReference to Angoras with two coats of hair 198\\nHill, O. D., reference to 300\\nStatement from about his Angoras 344\\nNotes from on practical breeding 430, 435\\nReference to clearing brush 370\\nHill, Albert J., letter from concerning British Columbia 40\\nHoag, Capt. J. ^Murray, letter from 102\\nReference to clearing brush land 355", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0503.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "xviii. Index.\\nPAGE\\nHockley, Mr., opposes export duty in South Africa 108\\nHoerle, G. A., reference to importation by Fink Co 51\\nReference to Angoras with two kinds of hair 208\\nOpinion of, as to point of a pure-breed 215\\nReference to non-shedding Angoras 224\\nHogs, in same pasture with goats 387\\nHolder, J. F., statement about his Angoras 339\\nNotes from concerning practical breeding 423, 434\\nHottins, S. B., certificate of merit about Dr. Standley mohair 161\\nHolt, Lafayette, referring to Angoras in North Carolina 93\\nStatement about his Angora goats 344\\nReference to clearing brush land 369\\nNotes from on practical breeding 431, 435\\nHooker, John L., reference to 343\\nHorn, C. S., reference to clearing brush land 369\\nReference to Angoras in Illinois 94\\nHorn, Wm., statement about his Angora goats 339\\n--Notes from on practical breeding 424, 434\\nHorns of Angoras 187, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 259, 291\\nHornless Angoras, concerning buck imported 49\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to by S. S. McKibben 102\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 216, 221-3, 225-8, 231-3, 336\\nHouck, Geo. A., concerning industry in Oregon 84\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 228\\nStatement from, about his Angoras 327\\nReference to clearing land 3(jO\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 409, 433\\nHouck goats, reference to 323\\nHughes, W. G., concerning advantages in Tennessee iVsJ^*^*^\\nStatement from, about his Angora Wr^^^\\nLetter from, on practical breeding 437\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angora 226\\nHughes goats, reference to 327\\nHull, John, reference to 328\\nHumphrey, Wm., reference to sheep industry 442\\nHunter, J. D., Notes from on practical breeding 408, 433\\nHutchins Co., reference to 138\\nIbex, a description of 481\\nIdaho, reference to 86, 294, 302\\nIllinois, reference to Angoras in 47\\nReference to industry now 94\\nImporting Angora goats how it may be done 445\\nOpinons of breeders on 402 to 435", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0504.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "Index. xix.\\nPAGE\\nImportations of Angora goats into the United States 48, 49, 51\\nImportations from South Africa SI\\nIncidental, or by-products of Angora goats 276\\nIncrease, estimate in breeding, by Sir Sam s Wilson 112\\nIncrease, percentage of, opinions of breeders 4U2 to 435\\nIn-breeding, reference to 259\\nIndiana, reference to Angora goats in 95\\nIndian Territory, notes from breeders in 435\\nIndustry in Angora, why it has been so backward 109\\nDr. Hayes opinion why it has not grown 109\\nIndex 489\\nIowa State fair, the system of, commended 18\\nIowa, reference to Angoras in, by Hon. I. H. Diehl 18\\nNotes from breeders in 433\\nReference to industry at the present time 96\\nIvy, and laurel, injurious to Angoras 55\\nJames History of Worsted Manufacture, extract from 122\\nJapan clover, observations of Col. J. Wash Watts 54\\nJarvis, William, reference to sheep industry 442\\nJastremski, Hon. Leon, letter from, about Louisiana 301\\nJaubert, Mons., concerning Cashmere goats in France 458\\nJewett, Hon. Wm. J., concerning Angoras in Turkey 445\\nJohns, A, L.. letter from, about Angoras in stock yards 155\\nJohnson, O. O., reference to Angoras in North Dakota 93\\nJohnson, R. C, reference to Angoras in Kansas 94\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 340\\nReference to clearing brush land 366\\nReference to fattening Angoras for market 375\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 429, 435\\nConnection with Angora Goat Breeders Asssociation 446, 448\\nJohnson, R. P., committee report on Davis goats 192\\nJohnson, Cuthbert W., reference to milking 284\\nKansas, reference to Angoras in 47, 94\\nNotes from breeders in 435\\nKemp, reference to 211, 227, 229, 230, 248, 250, 256\\nKentucky, reference to Angoras in 47\\nKennedy, John, letter from, concerning non-shedding Angoras 231\\nKennedy, Chas. F., letter from, about Angoras in Indiana 95\\nKids, two at a birth due to crossing 187\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to, by Dr. John Bachman 196\\nThat do not shed first hair 222\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Number at a birth 388\\nWhen they should come 388", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0505.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "XX. Index.\\nPAGE\\nReference to weaning 390\\nReference to marking with paint 397\\nTwins, how to manage 397\\nReference to staking 397, 4 29\\nReference to penning 397, 4 29\\nWhen to be allowed to go with flock 397\\nEstimate of increase of, by breeders 402 to 435\\nCrooked and deformed 41(3, 418\\nKid, reference to term 263, 265\\nKid Skin, reference to 276\\nKidding season, reference to 384\\nHogs should be removed from pasture 387\\nHow to regulate work during 396\\nReference to, by Col. Robt. W. Scott 64\\nOriginal Angora, only had one 42\\nKitching Bicknell, reference to 138, 338\\nKnapp, B. S., reference to 343\\nivoiner, Hon. Geo. W., letter from concerning land in Virginia 299\\nKurd goat, Peglar s description of 26\\nReference to, by M. Boulier 253, 254\\nCrossing with the Angora 42, 178\\nKypelogion, George, reference to 446\\nLace Trimming, reference to 279\\nLamp mats, reference to 279\\nLandrum, Wm. M., reference to Guadalupe Island 38\\nShears an Angora having 22-inch mohair 39\\nReference to Chenery importations 48\\nReference to Diehl Brown importation 49\\n^Reference to A. Eutichides importation 49\\nReference to importation of Geredah goats 49\\nReference to Harris Hall importation 49\\nBiographical sketch of 79\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 227\\nReference to 230, 232\\nReference to hornless Angoras 233\\nReference to Asiatc scab 378\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 316\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 403, 433\\nLandrum goats, reference to 316, 319, 320, 324, 332, 339, 423, 442\\nLandrum Butterfield, reference to 327\\nLandrum Rodgers, reference to 327\\nLaurel, mountain, reference to 360, 365, 366\\nLaurel, poison, reference to 369\\nLaurel and Ivy, reference to 55", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0506.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "Index. xxi.\\nPAGE\\nLea. Overton, reference to 300\\nLeafe. R. B., first introduction of Angoras on Fiji Islands 35\\nLee. Dr. R. J., reference to goat s milk 290\\nLee, C. C, opposition to export duty in South Africa 106\\nReference to Angora goat owned by 181\\nLedger, Charles, reference to Llama and Alpaca 47o\\nLice, on Angoras, reference to 374, 382\\nDippng for, opinions of breeders 402 to 435\\nLime and Sulphur, reference to 378, 383\\nLinde, J. C. Co.. reference to 138\\nLinton, R. J., statement from, about his Angoras 332\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 1:18, 134\\nLippincut. A., statement from, about his Angoras 843\\nReference to clearing brush 367\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 426, 434\\nLlama shawls, reference to 127\\nLlama and Alpaca, description of 467\\nLobo, reference to 399\\nLondon wool market, reference to 153\\nLop ears, reference to 259\\nLosses, reference to 268\\nEstimates of by practical breeders 402 to 435\\nLouisiana, reference to Angora goats in 96\\nReference to lands in 301\\nLowry, R. H., one of the early breeders in Texas 76\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 228\\nStatement about his Angora goats 319\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 407, 433\\nLuckie, W. F., reference to non-shedding bucks 224\\nLung sickness, reference to 376\\nMaasdorp, Hon. G. H., opposes export duty in South Africa .106, 107\\nMadrone saplings, reference to 365\\nMaine, reference to Angoras in 95\\nNumber of mohair mills in 130\\nReference to area in. suitable for Angoras 295, 303\\nMaltese goats, reference to 243, 247, 255, 436\\nMange, reference to 378\\nManufacture of mohair, in Asia Minor 117\\nDescribed by Hon. Israel H. Diehl 118\\nReference to, by Dr. J. L. Hayes 121\\nReference to, in England 121\\nIn the United States 1-3\\nIn the Unted States, encouraged by Hon. Isaac Newton 124\\nApplication of products 1-*^", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0507.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "xxii. Index.\\nPAGE\\nManure, reference to 286, 355\\nManzanita brush, reference to 365\\nMapes, James J., committee report on Davis goats 192\\nMaple, brush, reference to 365, 366\\nFine, reference to 359, 361\\nMarket, concentrating on one 151\\nMarking kids, with paint 397\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094How done 399\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094To tell age of 399\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094To tell sex of 399\\nMarshall, H. B., reference to non-shedding Angoras 228\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 407, 433\\nMaryland, refererbce to Angora goats in 47\\nReference to Angora goats in, by Hon. Geo. A. Porter 69\\nReference to lands adapted to goats in 299\\nMassachusetts, reference to Angoras in 47\\nExperience in, by W. W. Chenery 70\\nExtract from newspaper concerning abandoned farms in 70\\nNumber of mohair mills in 130\\nReference to lands, suitable for Angoras 297\\nMasters, Mr., statement from, about his Angoras 324\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 412, 433\\nMasters. Rev. C. B., reference to 324\\nMastin. T. H., reference to 446, 448\\nMatchings, reference to 143\\nMaugher, M., letter concerning Jno. S. Harris 90\\nMaurice, Price, reference to importations by 50\\nMaxwell land grant farm, reference to 85, 436\\nMaze, E., statement from, about his Angoras 331\\nNotes from on practical breeding 414, 433\\nReference to clearing brush 362\\nMeat of the Angora, opinion of Dr. Barrett 67\\nSuperior to Mutton 1-54\\nOpinion of Dr. Jno. Bachman 155\\nReport of committee on 195\\nReference to 276\\nEstimated value of 272\\nMesquite tree, reference to 370, 371\\nMexican goats, reference to 230, 243, 247, 268, 271\\nMichigan, reference to Angoras in 47\\nReference to industry at present 94\\nMidland News and Karoo Farmer, extract from lOfi\\nMilk of goats, reference to, by Col. J. Wash. Watts 55\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Great benefit of, with children 289, 290", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0508.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "Index. XJiiii.\\nPAGE\\nAnalysis of 285\\nMilking qualites -281, 284, 287. 288, 425\\nMiles, T. Glome, introduces Angoras into Montana 93\\nStatement from, about his \\\\ngoras 339\\nNotes from, on practical breeding .427. 434\\nMiller Sibley, reference to clearing brush 369\\nMinnesota, reference to Angoras in 47. 93, 368\\nNotes from Breeders in 434\\nMissouri, notes from breeders in 434\\nReference to Angoras in 47\\nFailure of industry in, cause of 68\\nPresent condition of industry in 68\\nINIississippi, reference to Angoras in 96\\nMohair, amount consumed in the world 138\\nAdvantages of United States climate in producing 139\\nEstimated amount of, required by railroads for seats 140\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094How it is graded 14 141\\nNecessity for a national standard grade 141\\nHow to determine value of 143\\nHow manipulated by manufacturer 128, 143\\nAmount of noilage in Turkish 143\\nAmount of noilage in United States 143\\nVery coarse, used for dolls hair, wigs, etc 143\\nPrices of, in England since 1856 144\\nPlow to j)repare for market 145\\nOverproduction of 160\\nTarifif on 161\\nSpinning capacity of, compared with wool 164\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Difference in 180, 181, 187\\nLength of, can be increased by breeding 174\\nClimatic influence on 182. 185, 191\\nGrowing districts in Asia jMinor, table 183\\nDifference in lengths of 212, 214, 215\\nDifference in color 212\\nFirst shipment from Gape Golony 36\\nSuperiority of American 4^\\nCertificate of merit concerning Iowa mohair 101\\nAmount produced in diff ercnt States 104\\nManufacture of, in Asia Minor 117\\nNot allowed to be exported from Asia ]\\\\Iinor 117\\nWhen first shipped into England 121\\nHow the product was encouraged in Turkey 123\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Products oi 126\\nGreat durability of products 1-\u00c2\u00b0", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0509.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "Indeix\\nPAGE\\nAmount consumed in the United States 130, 131\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Imports into the United States from 1890 to 1894 130\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Where to sell 136, 138\\nValue of, governed by fashions 136, 139\\nTable of imports into England 137\\nEstimate of yield from 1,500 Angoras in ten years 269\\nHow to sack for market 396\\nGreasy, or oily, remarks on by W. G. Hughes 226\\nMost salable length 259\\nReference to market value of 272\\nIn Turkey, what districts produce the best 434\\nMontana, reference to 93, 294, 304\\nRange of, supposed to develop large frames 192\\nMontana Stockman and Farmer, extract from 304\\nMontgomery, Ward Co., reference to catalogue of 168\\nMoon, A., statement from about his Angoras 331\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 418, 434\\nMoore, Chas. T., reference to 343\\nMorgan Morgan, statement about their Angoras 336\\nReference to clearing brush land 356\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 422, 433\\nMorton, T. C.. statement from, about his Angoras 336\\nReference to clearing brush 102, 356\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 422, 433\\nMoses, reference to 263\\nMosenthall, A. Co.. last importation into South Africa 38\\nMothers, how to manage a poor one 397\\nMountain Laurel, reference to 360, 365, 366\\nMufifs, reference to 279\\nMullin, reference to 356\\nMurphy, T. A., reference to 343\\nMutton, growing demand for 157\\nTable of receipts at Chicago 157\\nCompared with cattle 157\\nMcCorkle, Mr., reference to 340\\nMcDonald, James, statement from, about his Angoras 324\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 228\\nReference to clearing brush 361\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 413, 433\\nMcDougall s dip, reference to 411\\nMclntire, W. T., reference to 446, 448\\nMcKee, Wm. R., statement about his Angoras 314\\nReference to clearing land 371\\nNotes from on practical breeding 408, 433", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0510.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "Index\\nPAGE\\nMcKeen, B. Walker, letter from, about land in Maine 295\\nLetter from, about Angoras in Maine 95\\nMcKinley, Hon. Wm., restores tarifif on mohair 162\\nINIcKibben, S. S.. reference to Angoras in Iowa 102\\nReference to hornless Angoras 102, 235, 443\\nStatement from, about his Angoraa 336\\nReference to clearing brush 355\\nReference to clearing farm of 348\\nExperience in feeding Angoras 375\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094On effects of climate 381\\nNotes on practical breeding 422, 433\\n^IrLendon. J. C. P., concerning non-shedding Angoras 222\\nLetter from, concerning breeding 439\\nJNIcLean. Dr.. opinion as to cause of death in many cases 381\\nNanny. reference to term as applied to goats 263, 264, 265\\nNebraska, reference to Angoras in 93\\nNettle, reference to 362\\nNevada, estimated number of Angoras n 85\\nNew Hampshire, reference to Angoras in 95\\nReference to lands in 296\\nNew Jersey, number of mohair mdls in 130\\nReference to lands in, suited to goats 298\\nNev, ^lexico. reference to 294, 302, 305\\nEirst Angoras introduced into 85\\nNewton, Hon. Isaac, reference to breeding Angoras in United States, 124\\nReference to manufacture of mohair in United States 125\\nReference to manufacture of Cashmere wool 125\\nNewspaper extracts concerning Davis goats. 191\\nNew York, reference to Angora goats in 47\\nFirst Angoras introduced 69\\nExperience in, of Chas. S. Brown 69\\nNumber of mohair mills in 130\\nState fair committee report on Davis goats 191\\nReference to lands in. suited to goats 298\\nNillson. Chris., statement about his Angoras 340\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 428, 434\\nNoila.ge. reference to 143\\nNon-shedding Angoras 20o, 217. 218, 221, 223, 225-31, 443\\nOn Guadulupe Island 39\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Letter from J. C. P. McLendon 223\\nLetter from Conklin Bros 223\\nW. F. Luckie, experience 224\\nGeo. A. Hoerle, experience with 224", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0511.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "xxvi. Index.\\nPAGE\\nNorcup, A. D., statement about his Angoras 335\\nNotes from, on practical breeding .420, 434\\nNorth. S. N. D., reference to 130\\nNotes from practical breeders 401 to 435\\nOak brush, reference to 356, 359, 360, 361, 368\\nOak, black, reference to clearing 365\\nOak, poison, reference to 360\\nOak, pin, reference to clearing 365\\nOak, live, reference to 370, 371\\nOak, shin, reference to 370, 371\\nOaks, Jacob, statement about his Angoras 331\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 417, 434\\nQbye, Scott, statement about his Angoras 323\\nReference to clearing brush land 361\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 410, 438\\nOfif-colored goats, reference to 209. 211, 212\\nOgden. Philo, statement about his Angoras 328\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 417, 434\\nOhio, reference to Angora goats in 47\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Remarks of S. S. Williams 69\\nOklahoma, reference to Angoras in 94\\nOnderdonk, Chas. S., letter from 85\\nOnderdonk Live Stock Co., reference to 85\\nStatement from, about their goats 335\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 420\\nOregon, when the Angora was first introduced 84\\nClimate adapted to growing mohair 84\\nAngoras largely used for clearing land 84\\nAngora Goat Breeders Association, officers of 85\\nMohair clip of, opinion of H. M. Williamson 105\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 294, 302, 360\\nNotes from breeders in 433\\nOregon Agriculturist and Rural Northwest, extract from. .106, 295, 380\\nOsage Orange hedge, reference to 64, 351\\nOsborne, J. J., notes from, on practical breeding 418\\nOutfit for shepherd 272\\nOutram, Benj., reference to manufacture of Alpaca 122\\nOverproduction, is there danger of 159\\nOzark Mountains, reference to 367\\nPage s woven-wire fence, reference to 368\\nPaine, Brig. -Gen. A. E.. opinion on Cashmere wool 08\\nPaine, Hon. Thos. H., reference to lands in Tennessee 300", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0512.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "Index. xxvii.\\nPaiseley, Scotland, Cashmere wool exported to 192, 200. 203, 459\\nPalmer, James B., reference to 344\\nParish, Col. W. D., purchase of t\\\\\\\\ o imported Angoras 49\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to, by Col. W. W. Haupt 76\\nReference to, by Geo. W. Baylor 78\\nMade no direct importations from Turkey 78\\nHis first Angoras referred to by Jno. S. Brown 78\\nAs a factor in building up industry in Texas 78\\nParish goats, reference to 216. 314, 315, 316, 319, 443\\nPastures, how to manage goats in 384\\nPasturing goats with other stock, reference to 387\\nPatterson, James, notes from, on practical breeding 405, 433\\nPauls, G., reference to 343\\nPayne, Wm. R., letter concerning census of Angoras 103\\nReference to mohair grown in the United States 105\\nProminent factor in mohair trade 138\\nExtract from circular of 208\\nPeach trees, reference to 369\\nPeglar, S. H., description of Kurd goat 26\\nOpinion of, as to pure-bred Angoras 213\\nReference to 289\\nDescription of Cashmere .goat 456\\nPennsylvania, reference to Angoras in 47\\nExperience of Gen. J. S. Goe in 69\\nExperience of Dr. F. F. Robinson 69\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Letter from Miller Sibley 69\\nNumber of mohair mills in 130\\nReference to lands in, for goat raising 297\\nPenning goats, reference to, by practical breeders 402 to 435\\nPens, for kidding, reference to 397\\nPepper, Jeff, statement from, about his Angoras 315\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 404 to 435\\nPepper, B. F., reference to 371\\nPepperwood brush, reference to 365, 366\\nPersian goats, reference to 455\\nPets, reference to 280\\nPeters, Col. Richard, goats, reference to 229\\nExtract from writings of 249\\nReference to breeding grade bucks 250\\nReference to terms applied to goats 265\\nReference to 344, 477\\nFather of Angora goat industry 20\\nPurchases the Davis goats 47", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0513.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "xxviii. Index.\\nPAGE\\nImportation of Angoras 49\\nBiographical sketch of 55\\nObservations in breeding and handling fil, 63\\nReference to, by Dr. Hayes 110\\nExperience with cross-breeding 177\\nPremium awarded to 192\\nOpinion as to breed of the Davis goats 197, 198\\nOpinion about shedding mohair 218\\nPeters goats, reference to, by Dr. Jno. Bachman 195\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 316, 319, 336, 343, 439, 442\\nPhiladelphia Ledger, extract from about Davis goats 202\\nPhillips, Jos., reference to 300\\nPiles, reference to 381\\nRemedy for 381\\nPlace, Mr. W. H., observations about milk 286\\nPlaster, Dr. P. C, observations about Angora 95\\nPlush, amount required by railroads 140\\nPlum brush, reference to 351\\nPleuro-pneumonia, epidemic in Cape Colony 376\\nPoison Ivy, reference to 365, 370\\nPoison Oak, reference to 365\\nPoison laurel, reference to 369, 370\\nPoisoning of goats, reference to 382\\nRemedy for 382\\nPolled Angora goats 225 to 228, 231 to 233\\nPollonau, Mons, reference ro 458\\nPollonceau, Mons, reference to 458\\nPoor, H. v., reference to plush used by lailroads 140\\nPorter, Hon. Geo. A., reference to Angoras 69\\nPoverty in winter, reference to 380\\nPractical parts of the industry 171\\nPrices of mohair in England since 1856 144\\nPresbyterian Herald, extract from 202\\nProducts from mohair 126\\nFrom mohair that are standard 131\\nProfits on 1,500 Mexican does 269\\nProfits on 1,500 Angora does 270\\nProvince of Angora, description of 31\\nPuppy raised by a goat very useful 392\\nPure-bred vs. full-blood 248, 249, 250, 251, 254, 255\\nPushm, or fur, from Cashmeres 29\\nQuatrefages, 31. de, reference to 245, 250", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0514.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "Index\\nPAGE\\nRandall, Dr., reference to 245\\nRange for goats, reference to 293, 294\\nNumber of acres required for handling 389\\nHow to handle on the open 389\\nRam, reference to term as applied to goats 263, 265\\nRations for shepherds, cost of 272\\nRattle-snake bites, reference to 382\\nRemedy for 382\\nRebeka, reference to 263\\nRedwood, reference to 362\\nRegister for Angora goats, opinion of breeders 402 to 435\\nChapter on 442\\nRegistration qualifications 447\\nRegnault, Mons., analysis of milk 285\\nRegsby, John, reference to 343\\nRennick, James, committee report on Davis goats 191\\nRex, John, reference to goats owned by 180\\nRhode Island, number of mohair mills in 130\\nRichter, Wm., notes from, on practical breeding 416, 434\\nRippey, J. R., letter from, concerning Missouri 68, 113\\nKocky Mountain goats, reference to 188, 241\\nDescription of 463\\nRodgers, James M., reference to 83\\nRogers, Frank H., reference to 293, 294\\nRemarks on clearing brush 360\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 412, 433\\nRugs, made from Angora goat skins 150\\nMade from Chinese goat skins 168\\nIllustration of 277\\nNatural shaped 279\\nRuepple, Charles, reference to 343\\nRuime, R. H., reference to 343\\nRusk, Hon. J. INI., reference to 151, 152, 157\\nRymerson, Col., reference to 436\\nSacking mohair, how it is done 396\\nSaddle pockets, reference to 279\\nSaddle girths, reference to 28G\\nSaddle blankets, reference to 280\\nSallall, reference to 360\\nSalmon berry brush, reference to 360\\nSalt, Sir Titus, first importation of Angoras into England 34\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Co-operates in building up South African industry 35\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Benefits resulting from his enterprise 121", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0515.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "XXX. Index.\\nPAGE\\nFirst experiment with Alpaca 122\\nErection of mohair inills in Bradford 123\\nSalt, reference to the use of 384, 889\\nSargent Bros., reference to 339\\nScab, reference to 376, 378\\nAsiatic, reference to 378\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Remedy for 378\\nSchreiner, S. C, extract from, concerning crossing 16\\nExtract from, concerning early Angoras 41\\nExtract from, concerning Australia 50\\nOn effects of crossing vith the common goat 187\\nExtract from, concerning hornless goats 232\\nRemarks on pleuro-pn eumonia 376\\nConcerning cross-breeding in Turkey 253, 254\\nRemarks on scab, in Cape Colony 378\\nReference to terms applied to Angora goats 265\\nRemarks on South African Angor s 444\\nSchaffer, Dr. Geo. L-, microscopic examination of hair 200\\nScott, Col. Robt. W., observations of, on the Angora goat 64\\nReference to, by Dr. Hayes 110\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Description of Angora with two coats of hair 207\\nAbout shedding of mohair 218\\nReference to full-bloods 255\\nReference to kemp 256\\nReference to terms applied to Angoras 265\\nScott goats, reference to 319, 336, 439, 442\\nScours, reference to 380\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Remedy for 380\\nScrew-worm, reference to 379\\n^Remedy for 379\\nSeever, Wm. J., reference to industry in Missouri 68\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 343\\nReference to clearing weeds _. 367\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 426, 434\\nSelecting does 248\\nShearing, observations of J. P. Devine in 1877 77\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Goats 145\\nImportance of shearing machines 145\\nCapacity, reference to 260, 271\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 271, 384\\nHow regulated as to season 394\\nTwice a year, reference to 395, 402 to 435\\nGangs of Texas, system of 395\\nMachine, reference to 395", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0516.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "Index. xxxi.\\nPAGE\\nCapacity of best Angoras in Turkey 445\\nLosses sustained by want of shelter, during 396\\nSheds, how to construct 396\\nSheds, reference to 375. 384, 390\\nPortable, reference to 390\\nFor shearing, reference to 396\\nSheddnig goats, reference to, by breeders 402 to 435\\nShedding of mohair, reference to 218\\nAt different seasons of the year 222\\nSheep, reference to 224\\nSheep, receipts of, in Chicago for thirty-three years 158\\nSheep, and Angoras, will not interbreed 387\\nShelley, Dr. Chas. Edward, reference to goats milk 290\\nShelter, necessity for. at times 384, 390\\nEconomy in building 384\\nOpinions of breeders on 402 to 435\\nShepherd s outfit, cost of 272\\nRations, cost of 272\\nDogs, not always advisable to use 392\\nShin oak. reference to 370, 371\\nShivland Thomas import Angoras into California 83\\nSires. Selection of 248\\nSkins, description of Asiatic goat 28\\nReference to, by Dr. M. Barrett 67\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Used for rugs 127\\nAngora, how to prepare for market 147\\nHow they are graded 147\\nTurkish, value of 147\\nCape of Good Hope, value of 147\\nAmerican value of 147\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094From the kid 147\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Tariff on 166, 167\\nLargely used by furriers 148\\nFormula for dressing 485\\nAsiatic goats 169\\nSligo Furnace Co., reference to 343\\nSmith. C. D., letter concerning Michigan 94\\nSolomon, reference to 264\\nSomerville. Lord, reference to 173\\nSore feet, reference to 380\\nSouth Carolina, first to handle Angoras 52\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Letter from Col. J. Wash. Watts 53\\nSouth Africa, tax on exporting Angoras 106\\nCompared w ith the United States 115\\nImports of mohair from 137, 138", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0517.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "xxxii. Index.\\nPAGE\\nSouth African breeders, reference to buying bucks 260\\nSouthern Central Agricuhural Association, report of committee.. 195\\nSouthern Farmer, letter to, from Col. W. W. Haupt 211\\nExtract from 255\\nSouthgate, Bishop, reference to 205\\nSpain, first introduction of Angoras into 34\\nSmith, F. G., reference to clearing brush 362\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 414, 434\\nSpofiford, Dr. F. A., reference to Dakota 93\\nSpinning of mohair explained 129\\nStandley, Dr. J. R., statement about his Angoras 336\\nCredit due, for introducing goats as brush cleaners 20\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to 336, 343, 348, 355\\nPurchase of the Peters goats 62\\nPaper from, on clearing brush 351\\nReference to clearing brush 96\\nReference to dipping for lice 383\\nBiographical sketch of 96\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 421, 433\\nCertificate of merit concerning mohair 101\\nIn connection with American Angora Goat Breeders Ass n. 446\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 229\\nStandley goats, reference to 336, 343\\nStandard grades for mohair 141, 15S\\nStaking kids, how it was done 397\\nSterne, Laurence, quotation from 394\\nStewart, D. C, Sons, reference to 324\\nStewart, Henry, extract from 240\\nStump, Hon. J. B., reference to 85\\nStiles, Hon. W. H., reference to 50, 243\\nStockman and Farmer, extract from 445\\nStockwell, Hon. J. W., letter about Massachusetts 297\\nSumac brush, reference to 355, 367, 370, 371\\nSulphur and lime 378, 383\\nSweet, Maj. W. E., reference to Asiatic scab 378\\nSumner Cashmere Co., experience of 68\\nSumner (Tenn.) Flag, extract from 203\\nTable showing increase of Angoras, by Sir Sam l Wilson 112\\nOf mohair growing districts in Turkey 183\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Of profits on 1,500 Mexican does 269\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Of profits on 1,500 Angora does 270\\nReferring to shearing capacity of Angoras in United States, 308, 309\\nTabulated list of replies from breeders 433, 434, 435", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0518.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "Index.\\nXXXlll.\\nPAGE\\nTanning the Angora goat skin 485\\nTape-worm, remedy for 379\\nTariff on Angoras, exported from Cape Colony lOG, 1G4\\nEmbargo on exporting from Turkey 36, 164\\nReference to. as a means of encouraging the American industry, 131\\nOn mohair at present time 161\\nGeneral purpose of 163\\nOn live goats 16-5\\nOn goat skins 166\\nOn goat skins, who are benefitted now 168\\nOn Mexican goats and mohair, referred to by B. L. Crouch. 406\\nTate. A. R.. reference to cleaning brush land 356\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 4 21, 433\\nTattooing, reference to 399\\nTaylor, D. C. reference to 85\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angoras 22\u00c2\u00a3i\\nStatement from, concerning his Angoras 33 2\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 419, 434\\nTchihatcheff, M., reference to cross-breeding in Turkey 216\\nTeeth of the Angora goat 372\\nTennessee, obsers ations on breeding in, by Col. R. Williamson 68\\nOpinion of Brig.-Gen. E. A. Paine 68\\nReference to Angoras in, by Hon. I. H. Diehl 47, 68\\nReference to area for goat raising 300\\nOpinion of W. G. Hughes as to advantages of 300\\nTernaux. Baron, reference to crossing the Cashmer and Angora 458\\nTerms to be applied to Angoras 263\\nTerrell, Mr., reference to 344\\nTessier, Mons., concerning Cashmere goats in France 458\\nTexas, reference to Angoras in, by Hon. I. H. Diehl 47\\nNotes from breeders in 433\\nEstimated number of goats in 79\\nTexas, West, advantages of, for goat raising 293\\nRental of lands 293\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Cost of landfe in 293\\nHow to acquire lands in 294\\nReference to brush land in 37(1\\nTexas Stockman and Farmer, extract from 445\\nThibet goat, reference to 188, 196, 197, 202, 203, 205, 206, 455\\nThistle, Canada, reference to 347. 361, 368\\nThistles, reference to 356, 361, 362, 366\\nThimbleberry brush, reference to 360\\nThomas Cook, prominence in English mohair trade 13i)\\nThomas, Hon. Frances, concerning Alpacas 476", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0519.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "xxxiv. Index.\\nPAGE\\nThompson, John R., reference to 230\\nTWtik, reference to 117,\\nTobacco and corrosive sublimate as a remedy for scab 378, 383\\nTom, Oscar, remarks on non-shedding Angoras 229\\nTom goats, reference to 323\\nTom, Oscar, statement about his Angora goats 324\\nReference to clearing brush land 362\\nNotes from, on practical breeding -ti2, 433\\nTongue, Hon. Thos. H., reference to clearing brush 359\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 409, 433\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Letter to. from Hon. H. S. Jev ett 445\\nToothless Angoras, reference to 373\\nTop, reference to 143\\nTour de Aignes, M. de la, reference to 34, 244, 247\\nTournefort, M., report to French king about Angoras 34\\nTower, C. M., reference to Cashmere goats 456, 458\\nTrapping wild animals 400\\nTschudi, reference to the Ibex 481\\nTurkey, imports of mohair from, into England 137, 138\\nTurkeyberry brush, reference to 351\\nTuberculosis, reference to 289\\nTuft in forehead, reference to 259\\nTurkish system of grading mohair 142\\nAngora goat skns, value of 147\\nAngora goat skins, how prepared 147\\nTuthill, C. D., introduces first Angoras into Minnesota 93\\nReference to clearing brush land 368\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 425, 434\\nTuttle, Dr., statement concerning his Angoras 340\\nReference to clearing brush land 366\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 427, 434\\nTwin kids, reference to by breeders 402 to 435\\nTyson, Mr., on feeding Angora goats 155\\nOf Blair, Neb., on feeding Angoras 375\\nUnited States, first introduction of Angoras 34, 45\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Product of mohair in 104, 138\\nAdvantages of climate 138\\nAgricultural Society report on Davis goats 192\\nNumber of Angora goals in 104\\nUtah, reference to Angoras in 92\\nReference to 302\\nNotes from breeders in 435\\nUtrecht velvet, number of men employed in making 126\\nLargely used for United States railroad cars 128", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0520.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "Index. XXXV.\\nPAGE\\nValue of mohair, how lo determine 143\\nVan Hosear, D. H., reference to 344\\nVat, for dipping Angoras, how to construct 393\\nVenison, Angora, opinon concerning 35\\nAs a salable product 154\\nOpinion of Dr. John Bachman 155\\nSuperiority over common goat 158\\nReference to term applied to meat 266\\nVermont, reference to Angoras in 95\\nReference to area for goat raising 296\\nVirginia, first Angoras introduced into 66\\nReference of Dr. Hayes to Col. Herman Haupt 66\\nObservations of F. S. Fulmer 66\\nObservations of Dr. M Barnett 66\\nReference to area in, for goat raising 299\\nWakeley s dip, reference to 411\\nWalker, John, reference to breeding in Missouri 68, 113\\nWalker, D. A., statement about his Angoras 324\\nRemarks on non-shedding Angorj.s 229\\nReference to clearing brush 360\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 410, 433\\nWalnut, reference to goats clearing 367\\nWashington, reference to Angoras in 92\\nReference to area for goats in 301, 302\\nWater, influence of in developing animals 186\\nVery necessary for goats 389\\nWater Oxen imported by Dr. Davis 206\\nWatts, Col. J. Wash., reference to importation of Mr. Stiles 50\\nLetter from, concerning Angora industry 53\\nReference to milch goats 287\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to Maltese goats 243, 244\\nReference to clearing brush 369\\nReference to breeding grade bucks 250\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 431, 435\\nWatts, Hon. Frederick, reference to A-pacas 476\\nWatts, John D., reference to 369\\nWattles, reference to 260\\nWeeds, removal of, by Angoras 352, 355, 356, 367, 368\\nWeekly American Banner, of Yazoo, Miss., extract from 201\\nWeiting, Hon. Chas. A., letter concerning land in New York 298\\nWeistrand, E., statement about his Angoras 332\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 420, 434\\nWells, cost of digging, in New Mexico 421", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0521.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "xxxvi. Index.\\nPAGE\\nWest Virginia, reference to SOO\\nWether goats, experience of breeders in selling 402 to 435\\nWether, term applied to Angoras 265\\nWethers, hard to sell in large numbers 114\\nWhite, Mrs. H. K., letter concerning Dr. Davis 45\\nLetter concerning Davis goats 198, 204\\nWhitefire brush, reference to 366\\nWheat screenngs, as a feed for goats 374\\nWeinaud, Mr., advocates export duty in South Africa 108\\nWilcox, A. G., reference to clearing brush 368\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 425, 434\\nWild animals, reference to 399\\nHow to poison 400\\nReference to, by breeders 404 to 435\\nWild cat, reference to 387, 399\\nWilder, James, remarks on non-shedding Angoras 229\\n^Statement from, about his Angoras 328\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 418, 434\\nWild goat, reference to 241\\nWilliams, E. R., reference to clearing trush 362\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 418, 434\\nWilliams, S. S., remarks about Cashmere goats Q9\\nReference to goats owned by 206\\nWilliamson, H. M., letter from about census of Angoras 105\\nWilliamson, Col. R., observations on breeding 68\\nWilliamson, Adams Co. goats described 199\\nWilson, Hon. John, interest m.anifested in Angora industry 108\\nWilson, Sir Samuel, reference to Australia Ill\\nEstimate of increase in Australia 112\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Reference to Cashmere goats 457\\nOpinion concerning improvement 459\\nWimmer, J. M., statement about his Angoras 331\\nNotes on practical breeding 414, 434\\nWinter feeding, observatons of Col. Scott 64\\nWitch hazel brush, reference to 351\\nWithycombe, Dr., opinion on reported disease 380\\nWolf, reference to 387, 399\\nWood, C. B., reference to 344\\nWoodward, N., statement about his Angcras 323\\nReference to clearing brush 359\\nNotes on practical breeding 413, 433\\nWoodlief, W. H., reference to 446\\nWool, system of selling criticised 152\\nWorms in Angoras 379", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0522.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "Index. xxxvii.-\\nPAGE-\\nScrew 379\\nTape 3(9\\nRemedy for tapeworm 379\\nWoven-wire fencing 351, 368, 387\\nWyatt, Robt. H., statement about his Angoras 319\\nNotes from, on practical breeding 402, 433\\nWyoming, reference to Angoras in 92\\nReference to 294-\\nNotes from breeders in 434\\nYarn, mohair, chief use of 129\\nYoung, Brigham, introduces Angoras into Utah 92\\nYoung, J. K., notes from, on practical breeding 430, 435\\nZinoleum dip, reference to 427\\nZwart Ruggens Association opposes export tax in South Africa 106", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0523.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0524.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0525.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0526.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0527.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "2003", "jp2-path": "newindustryorrai01blac_0528.jp2"}}