{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3272", "width": "2216", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2SEE* -OTv\\nt?t\u00c2\u00ab a\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2feV\\n*u-o*\\n\u00c2\u00abbv*\\n%*^-V\u00c2\u00b0 V T %/^V\\nXs* :i\\n3SK- y**", "height": "3280", "width": "2247", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "~W\\nw\\nV\\nv, \u00e2\u0099\u00a6txt* \\\\a\\n_ v\\ny\\nhi?\\nv VHK-V V aK ^Vv\\nA^\\n^ek 0v /fi\\\\ /I\\n-^\\\\o* r\\nvW./ X 1", "height": "3273", "width": "2228", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS\\nIN\\nCivil Government\\nARRANGED FOR\\nINDIVIDUAL, CLUB, OR SOCIAL STUDY.\\nA thorough series of Questions and Answers\\non How the United States are Governed.\\nThe Functions, Powers and Limitations of the\\nNational, STATK. and Municipal Governments\\nAlso Questions on Important Subjects which\\nevery one should be able to answer.\\nBY\\nLILIAN COLE-BETHEL,\\nPublished by the Author,\\n738 East Long Street, Columbus, Ohio..", "height": "2992", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "THE LIBRARY OF\\nCONGRESS,\\nTwo Copies Received\\nMAR. 26 1901\\nCopyright entry\\n*r*S\u00c2\u00ab ^X* v N\u00c2\u00ab.\\n(o 06\\nCOPY B.\\nQ u t eJL\\nz\\nEntered, according to act of Congress, in the year\\n1898, by LILIAN COLE-BETHEL, in the office\\nof Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.\\nAll Bights Reserved.\\nREVISED EDITION,\\n1901.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThis manual has been arranged for busy people.\\nTo study the larger works on Civil Government and\\nquestions of the day, with many is impossible. Our\\nform and system of government should be familiar\\nto every citizen and to be able to answer intelligently\\nmany common, every-day questions, is an accomplish-\\nment to be coveted. These things I have sought to\\nelucidate in the following pages. Some special sub-\\njects which are attracting much attention at the pres-\\nent time have been considered of sufficient import-\\nance to introduce here, briefly, and in a way to cover\\nthe salient points and principles enunciated.\\nLILIAN COLE-BETHEL.\\nColumbus, Ohio.\\nMarch, 1898.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "DEDICATED TO\\nThe progressive women whom the author has met in\\nher Parliamentary Law Classes, whose thirst\\nfor further knowledge has prompted her\\nto bring out this little manual.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nNATIONAL GOVERNMENT.\\nPAGE\\nGovernment 1-2\\nColonial Government 2-4\\nThe States Government 4\\nHistory of Congress 5-9\\nLegislative Department 10-12\\nThe House of Representatives 12-25\\nThe Senate 26-29\\nThe Executive Department 30\\nThe President 30-32\\nThe Vice-President 33\\nThe Electoral College 33-38\\nMembers of the Cabinet 39\\nThe Secretary of State 39-40\\nThe Secretary of Treasury 40-43\\nThe Secretary of War 43\\nThe Secretary of Navy 43\\nThe Attorney-General 44\\nThe Secretary of the Interior 44\\nThe Post-Master General 44-45\\nSpecial Delivery Service 45-46\\nThe Secretary of Agriculture 46\\nMilitary and Naval Academies 47-48\\nDiplomatic Service 48-49\\nJudicial Department 50-54\\nCivil Service and Signal Service, 54-56\\nDistrict of Columbia 56-57\\nThe Territories, How Governed 58-61\\nNaturalization 61\\nLibrary of Congress 62\\nOur Flag 63-64\\nThe Liberty Bell 64-65\\nThe United States Seal 65-66\\n5", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "PAGE\\nLiberty Enlightening the World 66\\nDuty, Tax and Single Tax 67-70\\nCopyright 71\\nPatents 72\\nMoney 72-76\\nNational and State Banks 77-83\\nClearing House 84\\nDirect Legislation 85-88\\nThe Initiative and Referendum of Switzerland 88-91\\nPolitical Sayings 92-96\\nMiscellaneous Questions 97-117\\nNational Songs 1 18-119\\nState Names 120-123\\nOur Neighbor Governments 124\\nMexico 124-125\\nCanada 125-126\\nSTATE GOVERNMENTS.\\nEarly Government of Ohio 128-129\\nLegislative 130\\nHouse of Representatives 130-132\\nThe Senate 132-134\\nThe Executive Department 135\\nThe Governor 136-137\\nThe Secretary of State 137-138\\nThe Auditor of State 138\\nThe Treasurer of State 138-139\\nThe Attorney-General 139\\nThe Commissioner of Public Schools 140\\nThe Board of Public Works 140\\nMinor Executive Officers 141-142\\nThe Judiciary 143-145\\nThe Trial. 146-147\\nThe Supreme Court 147-149\\nThe Circuit Courts 149\\nThe Courts of Common Pleas 150\\nJustice of Peace and Municipal Courts 150-152\\nThe Militia 152-153", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PAGE\\nState Institutions 153\\nEducation 153-154\\nIncorporations 154\\nElections .155-158\\nRegistration of Voters 158\\nNotice of Election 159\\nThe Australian Ballot 159-163\\nThe County 163\\nThe County Commissioners 164\\nThe Treasurer 165\\nCounty Auditor 165\\nRecorder 166\\nCounty Surveyor 166\\nInfirmary Directors 167\\nCoroner 167-168\\nThe Sheriff 168\\nThe Clerk of Courts 169\\nThe Prosecuting Attorney 169-170\\nProbate Judge 170\\nTheiTownship 170\\nThe Township Trustees 171\\nThe Township Clerk 171\\nThe Township Treasurer 172\\nThe Assessor 172\\nThe Constable 1 72\\nThe Township Supervisor of Roads 173\\nMunicipal Corporations 173-174\\nThe Hamlet 174\\nThe Village 174\\nThe Village Council. 175\\nThe Village Mayor 175\\nThe Village Marshal 175\\nThe City 175-176\\nThe City Council 176\\nThe City Mayor 176\\nTheCityClerk 176\\nOther City Officers 176\\n7", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Know most of the rooms of thy native country before\\nthou goest over the threshold thereof. ^Fuller,", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2America is another word for opportunity.\\nEmerson,\\nCIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is government f\\nIt is the direction and control of human interests\\nand founded upon human rights.\\nName three distinct Junctions of government\\nThe legislative, executive and judicial.\\nDefine each.\\nThe legislative is to make laws.\\nThe executive is to carry the laws into effect.\\nThe judicial is to interpret and apply laws.\\nName three forms of government.\\nMonarchy, aristocracy and democracy.\\nDefine each.\\nA monarchy is a form of government in which\\nthe sovereign powers are in the hands of a single\\nperson. A limited monarchy is one in which the\\nroyal power is restricted by representative institu-\\ntions of some kind. An aristocracy is a govern-\\nment controlled by a few persons distinguished for\\nrank, wealth and knowledge. A democracy is a\\ngovernment in which the supreme power is in the\\nhands of the whole people and directly expressed\\nby them. A republic is a representative democracy\\nin which the sovereign power is exercised by re-\\npresentatives elected by the people. The United\\nStates and the respective states have this form of\\ngovernment.\\n2", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "2 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe term democracy is derived from what Greek\\nword?\\nDemos, meaning the people.\\nCOLONIAL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow were the colonies governed before the revo-\\nlutionary war\\nThey were subject to the government of Great\\nBritain and the power of the king.\\nWere all the colonies governed alike\\nEach colony had a separate and distinct govern-\\nment, but resembled the others in form.\\nHow were certain liberties given\\nBy the king granting them charters. In the char-\\ntered colonies the freemen elected the members\\n(representative) of the lower house in its legislative\\ndepartment.\\nThe powers of government were vested in whom f\\nA governor, a council and an assembly of repre-\\nsentatives.\\nHow was the governor appointed\\nBy the king or by such persons as had authority\\nfrom the king to appoint.\\nHow was the council appointed?\\nEither directly by the king or the privilege was\\ngranted the governor of the colony.\\nCould they make their own lavos\\nThey could make no law contrary to the laws of\\nEngland. They were granted the privilege of\\nmaking some laws.\\nWere all the colonies granted charters\\nIn most of the colonies the people had but little", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 3\\ncontrol over public affairs, and were at the mercy\\nof the governor.\\nWere the people discontented?\\nYes, for many reasons. In 1663 by act of par-\\nliament the colonies were compelled to buy all\\ntheir supplies in England also manufactories in\\nAmerica were prohibited.\\nDid this oppression continue\\nYes. In 1672 the colonies were compelled by\\nparliament to send their product of exchange from\\none colony to another by way of England and pay\\nduty, or if sent direct to pay duty in America.\\nWhat act was passed in parliament in 1J74 that\\ncaused such a disturbance in the Massachusetts\\ngovernment\\nThe so-called Regulation Act.\\nWhat were its provisions\\nThat the members of the council be appointed\\nby the Royal governor, and that they be paid by\\nthe crown. Also that the principal executive and\\njudicial officers be paid by the crown, and that\\ntown meetings be prohibited except for electing\\ntown officers. Other severe laws were passed at\\nthe same time.\\nWere these laws enforced?\\nMassachusetts being a chartered colony and\\nhaving enjoyed certain privileges, rebelled against\\nthe new order of things. Troops were sent from\\nEngland to aid in enforcing this act, and out of\\nthis political situation came the battles of Bunker\\nHill and Lexington.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "4 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat was the Stamp Act?\\nAn order that stamps bought of the British gov-\\nernment should be put on all legal documents,\\nnewspapers, pamphlets, etc.\\nWhat attitude did America have toward England\\nin regard to the heavy tax laid upon her\\nShe believed that taxation without representa-\\ntion was tyranny, and that no tax should be\\nimposed on them without their consent given\\ndirectly or by their representatives.\\nTo what did this taxation lead\\nTo the agitation of self-government, followed\\nby the famous Declaration of Rights, made in 1785.\\nThe feeling of bitterness was great and the agita-\\ntion for home rule continued, which led to the\\nRevolutionary war in 1775.\\nTHE STATES GOVERNMENT.\\nName the thirteen original colonies\\nVirginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New\\nYork, Connecticut, Maryland, Rhode Island,\\nDelaware, North Carolina, New Jersey, South Car-\\nolina, Pennsylvania, Georgia.\\nWhen did the colonies become states\\nThey had all except two organized as states and\\nadopted state constitutions before the constitution\\nof the United States was adopted.\\nWhat two remained under their former charter?\\nConnecticut until 1818, and Rhode Island until\\n1842.\\nWhat colony was the first to make a new state\\nconstitution f\\nNew Hampshire, in 1775.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Our Liberties we prize, our Bights we will maintain. 1\\nHISTORY OF CONGRESS.\\nWhen was the first Congress held?\\nThe first Colonial Congress, or representative\\nAssembly of America, met in New York, Oct. 7,\\n1765.\\nOf what was it composed?\\nDelegates from nine Colonies.\\nWhat was the purpose of this assembly\\nTo oppose the stamp act and the principle of\\ntaxation without representation.\\nWhen was the next Congress held?\\nIn 1774 in Philadelphia.\\nHow many Colonies were represented?\\nTwelve.\\nWhat was done at this Congress\\nThe well known Declaration of Rights was\\nagain drawn up and promulgated.\\nBy what name was the body known\\nThe Continental Congress.\\nWhen was the Declaration of Independence\\nadopted?\\nJuly 4th, 1776.\\nHow many states signed it\\nThirteen. New Hampshire, Massachusetts,\\nRhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "6 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nPennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland,Virginia, North\\nCarolina, South Carolina and Georgia.\\nHow many members signed?\\nFifty-six.\\nWho read the Declaration of Independence aloud\\nin the yard of Independence Hall\\nJohn Nixon, July 8th, 1776. The same day the\\nKing s arms over the door of the Supreme Court\\nroom in Independence Hall were torn down and\\nburned in the evening in the presence ot a great\\ncrowd of citizens.\\nTo what place did Congress remove its sittings\\ntoward the latter part of 1776\\nTo Baltimore.\\nWhat action was taken in 1777\\nArticles of Confederation were prepared, and\\nafter much discussion were passed.\\nWhen were they adopted?\\nIn Philadelphia, July 9th, 1778, and submitted\\nto the states.\\nWhat report came before Congress in 1785.\\nA committee of Congress made a report recom-\\nmending an alteration of the Articles of Confeder-\\nation.\\nDid Congress act in the matter\\nNo, but it was left to the State Legislatures to\\nproceed in the matter.\\nHow did the State Legislatures act\\nThe States finally agreed to have a delegated\\nconvention.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 7\\nWas Congress in favor of this\\nYes. In February. 1787, it adopted resolutions\\nin favor of a convention.\\nWhen did this convention meet\\nIn May, 1787.\\nHow many states were represented?\\nSeven.\\nWho was elected President of the convention f\\nGeorge Washington of Virginia.\\nWhat was the outcome of this convention f\\nThe Constitution of the United States was begun.\\nWas it finished then\\nNo, not until a convention of the States met\\nSeptember 17th, 1787.\\nHow many states were represented?\\nTwelve. Rhode Island held aloof.\\nHow many delegates signed the Constitution\\nThirty-nine.\\nAt the Constitutional Convention, how were the\\ndelegates appointed\\nBy the State Legislatures.\\nWho presented the Constitution to Congress\\nThe President of the Convention.\\nWhen did Congress direct the Constitution sent\\nto the States for ratification\\nSeptember 28th, 1787.\\nWas the Constitution ratified by the States by direct\\npopular vote\\nNo, it was ratified by delegated conventions.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "8 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat State was the first to ratify the Constitution?\\nDelaware, December 7th, 1787.\\nHoiv many states had ratified the Constitution before\\nthe first Congress was held under it\\nEleven. Rhode Island and North Carolina not\\nratifying until afterwards.\\nWhen was the new Congress held under the new\\nConstitution\\nMarch 4th, 1789.\\nWhere was it held\\nIn New York city.\\nHow many were present at the first Congress\\nSixty-five in the House and twenty-four in the\\nSenate.\\nUpon what basis were Representatives elected in i*j8j.\\nOne for every 30,000 inhabitants.\\nWhat states were represented in that Congress\\nAll but Rhode Island.\\nWhere was the next Congress held?\\nIn Philadelphia, 1790.\\nWhen did Congress move to Washington?\\nIn 1800.\\nWhy was Congress removed from New York?\\nBecause the agricultural members feared the\\ninfluence of surrounding commercial interests in\\nlegislation.\\nWhat was the objection to Congress continuing in\\nPhiladelphia.\\nBecause the Southern members were afraid of\\nthe Quaker influence in urging the abolition of\\nSlavery.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 9\\nHow can we amend the Constitution f\\nThe Constitution itself makes the provision, thus\\nThe Congress whenever two-thirds of both houses\\nshall deem it necessary shall propose an amend-\\nment to this constitution, or on the application of\\nthe Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states,\\nshall call a convention for proposing amendments,\\nwhich in either case shall be valid to all intents\\nand purposes, as part of this Constitution when\\nratified by the Legislature of two-thirds of the sev-\\neral states, or by conventions in two-thirds thereof,\\nas the one or the other mode of ratification may be\\nproposed by Congress.\\nHow many amendments have been made to our\\nNational Constitution\\nFifteen in all.\\nWere these ratified by the State Legislature or State\\nConventions\\nIn every case they were submitted by Congress\\nto the State Legislatures, for ratification.\\nName three divisions of the Constitution as pertaining\\nto government.\\nLegislative, Executive and Judicial.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "10 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nUnited we stand, divided we fall.\\nLEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.\\nWhat is the first section of the National Constitution t\\nAll legislative powers herein granted shall be\\nvested in a congress of the United States, which\\nshall consist of a Senate and a House of Repre-\\nsentatives.\\nWhy do we have the two houses of congress f\\nWe pattern after most of the English speaking\\ncountries having two houses. It is supposed to\\nbe a check upon hasty legislation, and the interests\\nof the people are thought to be protected since each\\nhouse scrutinizes the acts of the other.\\nCONGRESS.\\nHow many sessions does each congress hold?\\nTwo. The first cannot end until both houses\\nare ready to adjourn The second congress of the\\nsame session must adjourn March 4th, at noon.\\nWhat is the first session called f\\nThe Long Session. The second one, the\\nShort Session closing the congress.\\nWhen does Congress convene?\\nThe first Monday in December.\\nCan either house of Co)igress adjourn without the\\nconsent of the other\\nNot for more than three days at a time.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IX CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 11\\nIf both houses do not agree about the time of ad*\\njourning what is done\\nThe President of the United States can adjourn\\nthem to such a time as he may think proper.\\nWhat was the longest term of Congress ever held in\\nthe United States\\nThe fiftieth, from December 5th, 1 887, to October\\n20th, 1888.\\nWhat becomes of bills not passed at the expiration\\nof Congress\\nBills run from the long to the short session, but\\nat the expiration of the short session, March 4th,\\nall bills not passed, perish, as the session is fixed\\nby statute and can not be extended.\\nWhat are some of the powers of Congress t\\nThe Congress shall have power to levy and col-\\nlect taxes, duties, imposts, etc., to pay the debts of\\nthe United States\\nTo borrow money on public credit\\nTo regulate commerce\\nTo establish naturalization laws and laws govern-\\ning bankruptcy\\nTo coin money\\nTo promote science and useful arts\\nTo constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme\\nCourt\\nTo declare war To raise and support armies\\nTo provide and maintain a navy;\\nTo provide for organizing, arming and disciplin-\\ning the militia\\nTo exercise exclusive legislative action over such\\na district as shall contain the capitol of the United\\nStates", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "12 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nTo make all laws which shall be necessary for\\ncarrying into execution the foregoing powers and\\nall other powers vested by this Constitution in the\\nGovernment of the United States, or in any de-\\npartment, or officers thereof.\\nHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.\\nHow are the members of the House elected\\nBy the people, on the basis of the population,\\none for every 173,901 (in 1900).\\nWhat was the basis when the Constitution was adopted?\\nOne Representative for every 30,000, but each\\nstate was entitled to one Representative whether it\\nhad that number or not. Each state is still enti-\\ntled to u at least one member.\\nHow many members have we in our House of\\nRepresentatives?\\n357 (in 1900).\\nAre the members elected by the direct vote of the\\npeople\\nYes, each state elects one from each district in\\nthe state, and the election always takes place in\\nthe even years.\\nIf a state is entitled to more representatives by popu-\\nlation than it has districts, what is done\\nIf the State Legislature has not made the neces-\\nsary arrangements to redistrict a state that has\\nincreased in population, the additional numbers\\nare elected on a general ticket by the whole state,\\ncalled Representatives-at-large.\\nFor how long is a Representative elected?\\nFor two years.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 1\u00c2\u00a3\\nAt what age is a person eligible to the office of\\nrepresentative\\nTwenty-five years, and must be a citizen of the\\nUnited States seven years.\\nWhen does his term begin\\nThe fourth of March in the year for which he is\\nelected, but he does not take his seat until Decem-\\nber unless there is an extra session.\\nWhat salary does a U. S. Representative receive f\\n$5,000 per annum. The salary begins on the\\nfourth of March next succeeding the general election.\\nIs this all the compensation they get\\nNo, in addition they receive mileage at the rate\\nof twenty cents a mile in going to and returning\\nfrom each regular session, also an allowance of\\n$125 for postage and stationery.\\nHow are they paid?\\nFrom the National Treasury.\\nCONTESTED ELECTIONS.\\nHow are seats co?itested in the House\\nA person intending to contest an election of a\\nRepresentative, must, thirty days after election,\\ngive notice, in writing, to the member, whose seat\\nhe expects to contest, of his intention to contest\\nthe same.\\nWhat is the nature of the notice\\nIt must specify particularly the grounds upon\\nwhich he expects to contest.\\nWhere are the contested cases first heard?\\nUsually before the Committee on Elections and\\nthey report to the House, and action is taken there.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "14 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWho pays the expenses of these contestants\\nThe Government pays a sum not exceeding\\n#2,000.\\nIn case a vacancy occurs in the representation of any\\nstate, what is done\\nThe Governor calls a new election and the people\\nvote for a person to fill the vacancy.\\nORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSE.\\nWhat are the officers cliosen in the House\\nA speaker (who is always a member of the\\nHouse), clerk, sergeant-at-arms, door-keeper, post-\\nmaster and chaplain (these are not members of\\nthe House).\\nWho presides in the House\\nThe Speaker.\\nWho presides until he is elected\\nThe Clerk of the last session, who holds over.\\nWhat is the first thing done in organizing?\\nThe Clerk calls the House to order and then\\ncalls the roll.\\nDoes the Clerk know previously who the members are\\nYes, the law requires the Clerk to make a roll\\nof the members whose credentials show they have\\nbeen duly elected.\\nIn case of a vacancy in the office of clerk, or if he is\\nabsent or not able to discharge Ins duties in preparing\\nthe roll, who does it?\\nThe Sergeant-at-arms. If neither are present,\\nthen the Door-keeper performs the office.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 15\\nWhat vote elects\\nA majority if no one is elected on the first vote,\\nthey proceed until one receives a majority.\\nWhen elected what does the Clerk announce f\\nThat such a person is duly elected Speaker of\\nthe House of Representatives for the Congress.\\nThe Speaker is then conducted to the platform\\nand takes the oath of office.\\nWho administers this oath to the Speaker?\\nUsually the member who has been longest in\\ncontinuous service. After the Speaker has taken\\nthe oath, the members from each state are called\\nand the oath is administered to them by the Speaker.\\nWhat is the oath of office f\\nI, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that\\nI will support and defend the constitution of the\\nUnited States against all enemies, foreign and\\ndomestic that I will bear true faith and allegiance\\nto the same; that I take this obligation freely,\\nwithout any mental reservation or purpose of\\nevasion, and that I will well and faithfully dis-\\ncharge the duties of the office on which I am about\\nto enter, so help me God.\\nAfter the oath is administered, what is next done?\\nThe members then elect the Clerk, Sergeant-at-\\narms, Door-keeper, Postmaster and Chaplain, each\\ntaking an oath to support the Constitution of the\\nUnited States and to faithfully perform the duties\\nof his office.\\nHow are the Territories represe?ited in Congress\\nBy delegates. (See Territories.)", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "16 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe oath of office is administered to them fol-\\nlowing the Representatives and Officers\\nAfter both houses are organized, what is done\\nEach house instructs its Clerk (or secretary) to\\nnotify the other house that they have organized\\nand are ready for business. A joint committee\\nfrom both houses then waits upon the President\\nof the United States, informing him of the organi-\\nzation and their being ready to receive any com-\\nmunications.\\nFollowing the organization, how do the members\\nselect their seats\\nThey draw lots for them. u The Clerk places,\\nin a box, a number of small balls, which are num-\\nbered, equal to the number of members and\\ndelegates. At a certain hour, previously fixed by\\nthe House, these balls are drawn by a page, the\\nnumber announced and the member whose name\\ncorresponds to that number on the numbered\\nalphabetical list, previously prepared, shall ad-\\nvance and choose his seat for the term for which\\nhe is elected.\\nHow often does the House organize\\nOnly at the beginning of the first session of each\\nCongress, every two years. Almost the first order\\nof business after organizing is to adopt rules gov-\\nerning the House and fixing the hour for the daily\\nmeetings.\\nSpeaker. What are the duties and the privileges of\\nthe Speaker f\\nAt the hour fixed to open each day, he calls the\\nHouse to order, and if there is a quorum present,\\nhe calls for the journal of the last day s sittings", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEENMENT. 17\\nwhich is read and approved. He signs all acts,\\naddresses, joint resolutions, etc. He decides all\\nquestions subject to an appeal. Being a member,\\nhe can vote on all questions, his name being called\\nlast at the roll call. The Speaker has the privi-\\nlege of appointing the standing committees.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\n$8,000 a year.\\nName some of the leading committees.\\nCommittees on Appropriations, Commerce, Riv-\\ners and Harbors, Foreign Affairs, Ways and Means-,\\nBanking and Currency, Railroads and Courts,\\nManufactures, Patents, Education, Labor, Pensions,\\nClaims, Expenditures in the Departments, Enrolled\\nBills, Agriculture and Elections.\\nThe Speaker must also appoint from the dele-\\ngates, in addition to the committees already ap-\\npointed, a delegate on the following committees:\\nCoinage, Weights and Measures, Agriculture, Mil-\\nitary Affairs, Post Office, Post Roads, Public Lands,\\nIndian Affairs, Private Land Claims, Mines and\\nMining and two on Territories. The first one\\nnamed is chairman of the standing committees.\\nThe Speaker has the right to appoint the official\\nstenographer of the House and the stenographer\\nfor the committees. He also has the power to\\nremove them for sufficient cause. He has the\\nprivilege of appointing three regents of the Smith-\\nsonian Institute, three visitors to the Military\\nAcademy at West Point, three visitors to the Naval\\nAcademy at Annapolis, two directors of the Co-\\nlumbia Hospital for women, two directors for the\\nColumbia Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, and\\n3", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "18 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ntwo consulting trustees for the Reform School of\\nthe District of Columbia.\\nCongress provides that the Speaker shall set\\naside a portion of the West Gallery for the use of\\nthe President of the United States and the Cabinet,\\nthe Justices of the Supreme Court, Foreign Minis-\\nters and suites and the members of their families\\nalso, for persons admitted on the cards of members.\\nThe Southern half of the East Gallery is for the\\nmembers families.\\nClerk. A part of the duties of the Clerk has\\nalready been given in the organization of the House.\\nWhat are some of the requirements of the Clerk.\\nAfter he enters upon his duties he must give\\nbonds for $20,000.\\nThe salary of the officers and employes of the\\nHouse, as fixed by law, are paid by the Clerk by\\nwarrants on the U. S. Treasury. He must also\\nkeep an accurate account of all disbursements out\\nof the contingent fund of the House, moneys ex-\\npended, etc. He is also authorized to sign, during\\nthe recess of Congress, the certificates for the\\nmonthly compensation of members and delegates,\\nalso from the time a member is duly elected to the\\nopening of the first session.\\nThe Clerk of the House and Secretary of the\\nSenate must advertise once a week for four weeks\\nin some leading paper, or papers, published in the\\nDistrict of Columbia, for sealed proposals for sup-\\nplying both houses with necessary stationery.\\nThe Clerk gives a printed order for printing and\\nbinding, or for blank books for the House, subject\\nto the approval of the committee on accounts.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 19\\nThe Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the\\nSeriate are required to procure and file all reports\\nmade by each committee; these reports with all\\nsucceeding reports are bound and deposited in the\\nlibrary of each house.\\nHe furnishes to members a list of official reports.\\nHe makes or approves all contracts, bargains for\\nthe performance of any labor for the House, accord-\\ning to the law or order of the House. He reads\\nall messages and bills, and calls the roll of members\\nand keeps on file all papers belonging to the House.\\nHe keeps the library of the House, where all\\ncopies of printed documents of either House are\\nkept.\\nSergeant-at-Arms. What are the duties of the\\nSergeant- at- arms\\nHe is to assist the Speaker to keep order in the\\nHouse.\\nIs he required to give bonds\\nYes. After he is elected and has taken the oath\\nof office, he must give bonds with two or more\\nsecurities, to be approved by the first comptroller\\nof the Treasury, for the sum of $50,000, as disburs-\\ning officer of the United States.\\nCan a member of congress go as security 07t such a\\nbond\\nNo.\\nWith whom shall these bonds be deposited?\\nWith the first Comptroller of the Treasury.\\nHow are the members of the House paid?\\nOut of the United States Treasury, on an order\\ndrawn by the Sergeant-at-arms of the House. He", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "20 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nmust keep accurate account of the salaries and\\nmileage of the members and delegates and pay\\nthem as above stated.\\nHow long does he hold his office\\nHe continues in office, the same as the Clerk,\\nuntil his successor is elected and qualified, unless\\notherwise removed.\\nDoes the Set geant-at- Arms do all this work?\\nNo, the law allows him as assistants, one deputy,\\none cashier, one paying teller, one bookkeeper, one\\nmessenger, one page, and one laborer. These are\\nall paid by the government.\\nThe Sergeant at- Arms of both Houses have the\\nright to appoint the capitol police under the call of\\nthe House.\\nWhat else is the Ser geant-at- Arms required\\nto do\\nIn the absence of a quorum, fifteen members\\nincluding the Speaker shall be authorized to com-\\npel the attendance of those absent, the doors shall\\nbe closed and the absentees noted, who by the\\norder of the majority shall be sent for and arrested,\\nwherever they may be found, by officers appointed\\nby the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the House shall de-\\ntermine upon what condition or fine they shall be\\ndischarged.\\nThe Door= Keeper. What are his duties\\nThe Door-Keeper sees that the rules are observed\\nrelating to the privileges of the Hall and is respon-\\nsible for the conduct of his employees. At the\\nbeginning and close of each session he must report\\nto the House an account of all furniture, books and\\npublic property in the various committee and other", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 21\\nrooms under his charge. This report is referred\\nto the committee on accounts and they hold him\\nliable for missing articles.\\nThe Postmaster. What are his duties\\nHe shall keep the postoffice in the Capitol for\\nthe convenience of the members, and is responsible\\nfor the safe delivery of their mail.\\nThe Postoffice is open every day in the year,\\nwhether Congress is in session or not, and the Post-\\nmaster must see to forwarding all mail, if not de-\\nlivered.\\nThe Chaplain attends the opening of each day s\\nsitting and opens the same with prayer.\\nThe Pages are elected by the House, usually on\\nthe recommendation of some member, and receive\\na salary of two dollars and a half per day.\\nCan a member of either house hold any other office\\nunder the United States at the same time\\nNo.\\nAre members exempt from arrest\\nMembers cannot be arrested except for treason,\\nfelony or breach of the peace, during their atten-\\ndance upon their respective houses, and in going\\nto and from the meetings of Congress.\\nWhat is the title given to a member of Congress\\nHonorable.\\nCan a person be a member of Congress and a Cabinet\\nofficer at the same time\\nNo nor can a Representative be appointed an\\nelector, or practice in the Court of Claims. A\\nmember of Congress cannot hold an office he has\\nhelped to create.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "22 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nA member cannot accept payment from a citizen\\nfor any service, except for legal services, and even\\nthen the law forbids him to accept pay for obtain-\\ning pensions.\\nAny member found guilty of accepting bribes\\nmay be expelled or fined or imprisoned. A mem-\\nber cannot make a public contract under penalty\\nof #3,000 fine.\\nIf a member resigns to whom does he give his\\nresignation f\\nTo the Governor of the State.\\nWhat provision does the constitution make about\\nmembers receiving titles\\nNo title of nobility shall be granted by the\\nUnited States, and no person holding any office of\\nprofit or trust under them shall without the consent\\nof Congress, accept of any present, emolument,\\noffice or title of any kind whatever from any King,\\nPrince or foreign State.\\nBach member and delegate is entitled to a clerk,\\nduring the sessions of Congress, who is paid out\\nof the contingent fund. The amount for clerk\\nhire must not exceed #100 a month.\\nAfter the organization and the committees ap-\\npointed, they then being ready for business, how is\\nit introduced\\nUsually by the presentation of bills.\\nWhat is a bill?\\nA form or draft of a law presented.\\nWhat is a preamble\\nIf there is a preamble, it is the introductory part\\nof the document, which states the intents and\\nreasons of the same.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 23\\nWhat is a memorial?\\nA representation of the facts presented to the\\nLegislature for some other body, usually accom-\\npanied by a petition.\\nHow is a bill headed?\\nThe style and title such as An act making ap-\\npropriations for the year ending July is used.\\nWhat else in the form of heading?\\nAlways, Be it enacted by the Senate and the\\nHouse of Representatives of the United States of\\nAmerica in Congress assembled\\nWhen is a bill voted on\\nIt can be referred to the proper committee after\\nthe first reading, amended at the second and voted\\non after the third. After the third reading the bill\\ncannot be amended but can be debated.\\nWhat is then done\\nThe vote is taken. If carried by a majority it\\npasses. Only after a bill is passed is the title\\nsubject to amendments and that without debate.\\nWhat is done with a bill after it passes\\nThe engrossed bill, certified to by the Clerk is\\nthen carried by the Clerk of the House to the Secre-\\ntary of the Senate, where the bill is presented with\\na message requesting concurrence.\\nIf the bill passes the Senate, what is then done\\nwith it?\\nIf it passes both houses, it is enrolled on parch-\\nment under the direction of the Clerk or Secretary\\nof the House in which it originated and is then\\nsigned by the Speaker of the House and President\\nof the Senate. It is then taken to the President at\\nthe Executive Mansion by the Clerk or some", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "24 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nmember of the enrolling committee to be signed.\\nThe date when presented is on the bill.\\nIf the President approves the bill, what does he do\\nHe writes the word approved on the bill and\\nit becomes a law. It is then deposited in the\\nstate department.\\nIf the President does not approve the measure, what\\ndoes he do\\nVetoes it. That is he returns the bill to the\\nHouse in which it originated and upon it he states\\nhis objections, and these objections must be entered\\nat length on its journal.\\nCan a bill ever become a law over the President s\\nveto\\nIt can be reconsidered and if two-thirds of the\\nmembers favor it and it is thus carried in both\\nhouses, it becomes a law even over the President s\\nveto\\nCan a bill become a law without the Presidents sig-\\nnature\\nYes. If a bill is presented to him and he does\\nnot sign and return it within ten days, (Sundays\\nexcepted) it becomes a law, the same as though he\\nhad signed it. The Wilson Tariff bill was not\\nsigned by the President (Cleveland) but became a\\nlaw.\\nIf Congress adjourned and the Pfesident has not\\nsigned or returned the bills presented to liim, what\\nbecomes of them?\\nThey fail to become a law. This has been\\ntermed a pocket veto.\\nWhat President first practiced the pocket veto\\nprivilege?\\nJackson in 1829.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIE GOVERNMENT. 25\\nWhat does the word veto mean?\\nIt is a latin word meaning I forbid.\\nIn zv hat house must bills for raising revenue ori-\\nginate?\\nIn the House of Representatives, but the\\nSenate may propose amendments.\\nWhich House can impeach f\\nThe House of Representatives has the sole\\npower of impeachment and the Senate sole power\\nto try impeachment.\\nWhat rules of order govern both Houses of Congress\\nJefferson s Manual. Outside of this each house\\nhas special rules of its own.\\nWho reads the President 1 s message?\\nThe Clerk.\\nWhat are the modes of voting in the House of\\nRepresentatives\\nBy viva voce vote, by teller vote, by ballot and\\nby the yeas and nays.\\nWhat is the teller vote\\nIf the chair in deciding a viva voce vote is\\ndoubted he asks the members to rise and be counted,\\nand if this is doubted he appoints two tellers.\\nThese tellers, or counters, are stationed in front of\\nthe Speaker s desk, and the voting members pass\\nbetween the tellers, and are counted and result\\nannounced to the Speaker.\\nWhat is the yea and nay vote\\nThe recorded vote. The Clerk calls the roll and\\neach voter is recorded yea or nay.\\nHow is the vote in the House of Commons taken\\nThe members go into the lobby, where they are\\ncounted.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nA man s love for his native land lies deeper than any\\nlogical expression among the pulses of the heart which vibrate\\nto the sanctities of home and to the thoughts which leap up\\nfrom his father s grave. 1 1\\nTHE SENATE.\\nName three functions of the Senate.\\nLegislative, executive and judicial.\\nWhat are the legislative functions\\nTo make laws with the house of representatives..\\nWhat are its executive functions\\nTo approve or disapprove the President s nomi-\\nnations of federal officers, such as judges, ministers,\\nand ambassadors also of treaties made by the\\nPresident.\\nWhat are its judicial functions\\nTo try cases of impeachment preferred by the-\\nhouse of representatives.\\nHow are the senators elected?\\nBy the state legislature for a term of six years..\\nThey are elected by a majority of both houses.\\nWho signs the senators certificates\\nThe governor, under the seal of the state, and\\nthe president of the senate. It is also signed by\\nthe secretary of state.\\nDo all the senators* terms expire at the same\\ntime f\\nNo. The constitution provides that one-third of\\nthe senators shall be elected every two years, and.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 2T\\nno state shall elect both of its senators at the same\\ntime.\\nIn case of vacancy how is the office filled\\nIf a vacancy occurs during the recess .of the\\nlegislature, the governor makes the appointment\\nuntil the legislature meets, and then it fills the\\nvacancy.\\nHow long does a senator appointed to fill a vacancy\\nhold his seat?\\nUntil the next session of the legislature elects\\na successor.\\nIf the state legislature fails to elect a senator,\\nhaving had an opportunity, can the governor fill\\nsuch vacancy?\\nNo.\\nAt what age is a person eligible to the office as\\nsenator?\\nThirty years, and must have been a citizen of\\nthe United States nine years.\\nHow many senators has each state?\\nTwo.\\nHow many senators in all have we?\\nNinety. (1900.)\\nWhen does a term begin?\\nOn the fourth of March, on the expiration of the\\nterm of his predecessor.\\nWhat salary does a senator receive?\\n$5,000 per annum. He also receives, for expenses,,\\nmileage at the rate of twenty cents a mile traveling\\nto and from congress and one hundred and twenty-", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "28 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nfive dollars for stationery, paid from the national\\ntreasury.\\nWho presides in the senate f\\nThe vice president of the United States, by\\nvirtue of his office, is president of the senate.\\nIf the Vice President is unable to preside, the\\nsenate chooses one of its members to be president\\npro tempore.\\nDoes the senate organize in the same manner as the\\nhouse\\nNot exactly. The senate chooses its new officers\\nat the beginning of the new congress such as\\nsecretary, clerks, sergeant-at-arms, pages, etc.\\nIf the Vice President is not present at the opening of\\nthe new congress who presides\\nThe secretary, until the president pro tempore is\\nelected.\\nIs the Vice President a member of the senate f\\nNo and he can only vote when the senate is\\nequally divided; when he gives the casting vote.\\nHas the president of the senate the same privilege as\\nspeaker of house in appointing committees\\nNo; as he is not a member of the senate, the\\ncommittees are elected by ballot by the members.\\nWho administers the oath of office to the senators?\\nThe president of the senate.\\nWhat is the oath?\\nThe same at that taken by the representatives.\\nWhat are the duties of the secretary of the senate?\\nSimilar to those of the clerk of the house as to\\nthe business brought before the senate.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 29\\nHow are senators paid?\\nBy the Secretary of the senate. The secretary,\\nas the disbursing officer of the senate, must, within\\nthirty days after election, give a bond to the\\nUnited States, with securities to be approved by\\nthe first comptroller of the treasury, for twenty\\nthousand dollars.\\nHow are bills passed in the senate?\\nThe routine business of the senate in presenting\\nand passing bills is similar to that of the house.\\nIs the previous question used in the senate?\\nNo, it is not used in the senate, but is it in the\\nhouse.\\nThe president of the senate appoints three sen-\\nators on the board of regents of the Smithsonian\\ninstitution also, other national institutions are\\nrepresented by senators.\\nWho presides over the senate in case the president of\\nthe United States is impeached f\\nThe chief justice of the supreme court of the\\nUnited States.\\nIt has been decided by the senate that two-thirds\\nof a quorum only were required to pass a bill over\\nthe President s veto, and not two-thirds of the\\nwhole senate.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nL Signs of nobleness, like stars, shall shine on all deserved.\\nMacbeth, 1:4.\\nEXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.\\nWho is the executive officer of the Federal Gov-\\nernment\\nArt. II of the Constitution reads The execu-\\ntive power shall be vested in a President of the\\nUnited States of America.\\nWho was our first President?\\nGeorge Washington, 1789.\\nWhat are the qualifications of a President?\\nHe must be thirty-five years of age, a native\\nborn citizen and a resident of the United States\\nfourteen years.\\nFor how long is he elected?\\nFour years is a term and he may be re-elected.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\n#50,000 a year.\\nHas this always been the salary of the President?\\nNo. In 1873 it was increased from #25,000 to\\n#50,000.\\nHow is the President elected?\\nBy the people through the electors. (See Elec-\\ntoral College.)\\nWhen does his term of office begin\\nOn the fourth of March following his election.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 31\\nWho administers the oath of office to the President\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2on inauguration day f\\nThe Chief Justice of the United States.\\nWhere does he give his inaugural address f\\nOn the eastern steps of the Capitol.\\nWhat is the oath f\\nI do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will\\nfaithfully execute the office of President of the\\nUnited States, and will, to the best of my ability,\\npreserve, protect, and defend the constitution of\\nthe United States.\\nAfter a bill has passed and becomes a law, what\\nis the duty of the President\\nHe shall take care that the law is faithfully\\nexecuted.\\nIn case the President dies or the office becomes\\nvacant, who becomes prestdentf\\nThe Vice-President fills the unexpired term.\\nHave both offices ever been vacant at the same time?\\nNo.\\nHow many Presidents have died while in office\\nFour Harrison, Taylor, Lincoln and Garfield.\\nName the order in which the office of President is\\nfilled if vacant by removal or death?\\nBy the Vice-President, and then by the Cabinet\\nofficers in the following order: Secretary of State,\\nTreasurer, Secretary of War, Attorney General,\\nPostmaster General, Secretary of the Navy, Sec-\\nretary of the Interior, Secretary of Agriculture.\\nWhat are some of the powers granted the President f\\nHe shall have power to nominate, and by and", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "32 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nwith the advice and consent of the senate shall\\nappoint ambassadors, other public ministers and\\nconsuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other\\nofficers of the United States whose appointments\\nare not otherwise provided for, and which shall be\\nestablished by law.\\nu He shall have power to fill all vacancies that\\nmay happen during the recess of the Senate by\\ngranting commissions, which shall expire at the\\nend of the next session.\\nThe President is commander-in-chief of the\\narmy and navy and the milita oi the several states\\nwhen called into national service.\\nHe has power to grant reprieves and pardon for\\noffences against the United States, except in cases\\nof impeachment, with the consent of the senate.\\nHe has power to make treaties with foreign\\ncountries with the consent of the senate.\\nHe has power to call extra sessions of Congress.\\nHe appoints all the Cabinet officers.\\nHe gives to Congress from time to time inform-\\nmation concerning the state of the Union. All\\norders, resolutions or acts passing both houses\\nmust be presented to the President, and he has the\\nprivilege of signing or not.\\nIn order that the President may be able to carry\\nout all laws passed in congress, he has the privilege\\nof appointing subordinate officers, the principal\\nones being called the cabinet officers.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 33\\nVICE PRESIDENT.\\nWho was our first Vice President\\nJohn Adams, 1789.\\nWhat are the qualifications of a Vice President\\nThe same as the President.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\n$8,000 a year.\\nWho administers the oath of office to the Vice\\nPresident f\\nThe retiring Vice President in the presence of\\ncongress, on March 4th. He takes the oath of\\noffice before the President is sworn.\\nWhat does the Vice President do as soon as he has\\ntaken the oath\\nAfter prayer by the chaplain he requests the\\nnew senators to come forward and take the oath of\\noffice.\\nHow many Vice Presidents have been called upon to\\nfinish out the presidential term?\\nFour.\\nWho were they?\\nJohn Tyler, 1841; Millard Fillmore, 1850;\\nAndrew Johnson, 1865 Chester A. Arthur, 1881.\\nTHE ELECTORAL COLLEGE.\\nAre the Presidents a?id Vice-Presidents elected by the\\ndirect vote of the people\\nNo.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "34\\nEASY LESSONS IN CIVIL. GOVERNMENT.\\nHow are they elected f\\nBy electors, elected by the people.\\nHow are these electors elected\\nIn every presidential election, or what is called\\npresidential election, each state elects as many\\nelectors as they have senators and representatives\\nin congress, and each elector has one vote. For\\ninstance, Ohio has twenty-one representatives\\nand two senators in congress, therefore is entitled\\nto twenty-three electors.\\nTo how many electors are the different States entitled?\\nAlabama 11 Nebraska 8\\nArkansas 8 Nevada 3\\nCalifornia 9\\nColorado 4\\nConnecticut 6\\nDelaware 8\\nFlorida 4\\nGeorgia 13\\nIdaho 3\\nIndiana 15\\nIllinois 24\\nIowa 13\\nKansas 10\\nKentucky 13\\nLouisiana 8\\nMaiue 6\\nMaryland 8\\nMassachusetts 15\\nMichigan 14\\nMinnesota 9\\nMississippi 9\\nMissouri 17\\nMontana 3\\nNew Hampshire 4\\nNew Jersey 10\\nNew York 36\\nNorth Carolina 11\\nSouth Carolina 9\\nNorth Dakota 3\\nSouth Dakota 4\\nOhio 23\\nOregon 4\\nPennsylvania 32\\nRhode Island 4\\nTennessee 12\\nTexas 15\\nUtah 3\\nVermont 4\\nVirginia 12\\nWashiugtou 4\\nWest Virginia 6\\nWisconsin 12\\nWyoming 3\\nIs the electorial college a permanent body\\nNo, they are elected every four years and serve\\nonly in the casting of their ballots for the President\\nand the Vice President,", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 35\\nWhen does this election take place\\nThe first Tuesday after the first Monday in No-\\nvember of every fourth year. This is the same in\\nall states.\\nCan a senator, representative or any person\\nholding a position in the general government, serve\\nas a presidential elector\\nNo.\\nWhere do the electors meet to cast their ballots\\nEach state s electors meet at their respective\\ncapitols.\\nWhen does this meeting take place\\nAlways in each state the second Monday in\\nJanuary, All of the electors meet at the same\\ntime.\\nWhat is their order of conducting the electoral\\ncollege f\\nThe college is organized, each elector takes the\\noath of office. The electors then vote for Presi-\\ndent and Vice President. These votes are counted\\nby tellers. When the vote has been counted\\nthree separate lists are made of all the persons\\nvoted for as President and Vice President and how\\nmany votes each received. These lists are sealed,\\nsigned and certified to by all the electors.\\nWhat becomes of these three lists f\\nOne is sent by mail, and one is sent by a special\\nmessenger to the president of the United States\\nSenate, and the third one is taken by a messenger\\nand deposited with the United States District\\nCourt Judge of the district in which the Electors\\nmeet.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "36 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow are the messengers elected\\nBy lot in the college.\\nAre the electors paid a salary\\nNo. But their expenses are paid by the state.\\nWhy are three copies made\\nIn order to preserve the record and to provide\\nagainst accident.\\nWhat if the copies should fail to reach the president\\nof the senate\\nThe secretary of the state is notified and he\\nsends a messenger to procure the copy deposited\\nwith the district judge.\\nWhen are these votes counted in congress\\nThe second Wednesday of February when the\\nmembers of both houses meet in the house of\\nrepresentatives at 1 p. m.\\nWho presides\\nThe president of the senate.\\nThe sealed envelopes are then opened by the\\npresident of the senate. As these are opened all\\nthe certificates and papers purporting to be certif-\\nicates pf the electoral votes are acted upon in\\nalphabetical order of the states, and are handed to\\nthe four tellers (two from each house), and read\\naloud. A list is made of the votes cast by each\\nstate and the result announced.\\nThe person voted Vor as President having the\\nhighest number of votes and a majority of all\\nvotes cast is elected.\\nThe Vice President is elected in the same way.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 37\\nSuppose no one received a majority of the votes\\ncast?\\nThere would be no election.\\nIn case of no election what would be done\\nThe house would then elect the President and\\nthe senate the Vice President.\\nWhy naturally would the house elect the President\\nand the senate the Vice President f\\nThe President represents the nation and elected\\nindirectly by the people, next to the electoral\\ncollege would be the representatives, who have\\nbeen elected directly by the people. As the Vice\\nPresident is the president of the senate, if there is\\nno election in the college the senate would natur-\\nally elect their own president.\\nHow does this election for President proceed?\\nThe house takes three persons who had received\\nthe highest number of votes in the electoral col-\\nlege and proceeds to ballot. The votes are taken\\nby states and the representation from each state\\nhas one vote. A quorum for this purpose consists\\nof a member or members each from two-thirds of\\nall the states.\\nWhat vote in the house would then elect\\nA majority of all the states.\\nWhat would be done if the house failed to elect\\nbefore the fourth of March\\nThe Vice President would act as President until\\none was elected.\\nHow many Presidents have been elected by the house\\nTwo. Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy\\nAdams.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "38 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nIn 1801 when the electoral votes were counted,\\nJefferson and Burr on the Republican ticket each\\nreceived 73 votes, a tie John Adams 65 and\\nCharles Pickney 65. As there was no election, the\\nelection was thrown into the house, which elected\\nThomas Jefferson.\\nIn 1825 the candidates in the electoral college\\nreceived Andrew Jackson ,99 John Quincy Adams,\\n84 William Crawford, 42 votes. There being no\\nelection the house elected John Quincy Adams,\\nalthough he did not receive the highest vote in the\\nelectoral college.\\nIs the electoral college the same today that it was\\nwhen the first President was elected?\\nNo. The electoral votes did not state whether\\nthe candidates named in them were candidates for\\nthe presidency or the vice presidency. Each\\nelector in the college wrote two names. In the\\nofficial count the candidate having the highest\\nnumber of votes, providing he had a majority of\\nall votes cast, would be declared President, and the\\ncandidate receiving the next highest was declared\\nVice President. This caused a good deal of dis-\\nsatisfaction so, in 1804 the 12th amendment was\\nmade to the constitution, which gives us our pres-\\nent system.\\nWhat Vice President was elected in the senate\\nRichard M. Johnson in 1837.\\nHow many electoral votes did Washington receive\\nSixty-nine.\\nHow many states voted for him\\nAll but New York, Rhode Island and North\\nCarolina.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIE GOVERNMENT. 39\\nMEMBERS OF THE CABINET.\\nWho appoints the Cabinet f\\nThe President, and the senate confirms.\\nName the departments and when established f\\nThe department of state, July 27, 1789.\\nThe department of war, August 7, 1789.\\nThe treasury department, September 2, 1789.\\nThe post-office department, May 8, 1794.\\nThe department of the navy, April 30, 1798.\\nThe department of the interior, March 3, 849.\\nThe department of justice first in 1789 then\\nJune 22, 1870.\\nThe department of agriculture, Feb. 12, 1889.\\nWhat is the salary of a cabinet officer\\n$8,000 a year. The cabinet officers are consid-\\nered an advisory board, and each stands at the\\nhead of a department.\\nThe Secretary of State. Who was the first secre-\\ntary of state\\nThomas Jefferson.\\nWhat are the duties of the secretary of state\\nHe has charge of foreign affairs, and is the only\\nofficer who has the authority to communicate with\\nother governments in the name of the president of\\nthe United States. He attends to the correspond-\\nence with the public ministers and consuls of the\\nUnited States, giving them instructions abroad\\nand takes a leading part in the negotiations ot\\ntreaties. He keeps the national archives, superin-\\ntends the publication of laws, treaties, presidential\\nmessages, etc., and the proclamation declaiming", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "40 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthe admission of new states into the union. He is\\nthe keeper of the great seal of the United States,\\nand affixes it to all official papers. He must keep\\ncongress informed as to the relations between\\nforeign countries and our own.\\nSecretary of the Treasury. Who was the first\\nsecretary of the treasury?\\nAlexander Hamilton.\\nWhat are the duties of the secretary f\\nHe looks after the financial interests of our\\ncountry, suggests plans for creating revenue, and\\nmaintaining the credit of the United States. He\\nsuperintends the collection of the revenue. He\\ngrants warrants for all money drawn from the\\ntreasury, in accordance with the appropriations\\nmade from time to time by congress.\\nHe superintends the coinage, engraving and\\nprinting of money, the national banks, the custom\\nhouse, coast survey and light house system, the\\nmarine hospitals and life saving service and is the\\nsupervising inspector general of steam boats.\\nHe also looks after and pays the interest on the\\nnational debt.\\nThough there are many in the Treasury depart-\\nment to carry out the work, such as Secretaries,\\nAuditors, a Registrar, a Comptroller, Clerk, etc.,\\nthe Secretary of the Treasury has a general super-\\nvision over it all.\\nThrough this department all money due the\\nGovernment is received.\\nThe treasurer has in charge the receiving and\\ndisbursement of all public moneys that are depos-\\nited in the treasury at Washington and the sub-", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 41\\ntreasuries at Boston, New York, Baltimore, Phila-\\ndelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco, St. Louis,\\nChicago, and Cincinnati also, the national bank\\nUnited States depositories is trustee for the bonds\\nheld to secure national bank circulation and public\\ndeposits in national banks, etc.\\nWhat are some of the duties of a registrar\\nHe keeps an account of all receipts and expendi-\\ntures of the Government except those belonging to\\nthe Postoffice department. He signs and issues\\nall bonds of the United States; his name is upon\\nbonds and United States notes his books at any\\ntime must show the financial condition of the gov-\\nernment.\\nWhat are some of the duties of the comptroller\\nof the treasury?\\nHe is required to give his decision upon the\\nvalidity of a payment to be made, to approve, dis-\\napprove or modify all decisions of the auditors.\\nThe comptroller passes upon the sufficiency of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0authorities to indorse drafts and receive and receipt\\nfor money from the government and upon the evi-\\ndence presented in application for duplicates of\\nlost or destroyed U. S. bonds, drafts, checks, etc.\\nThe comptroller of currency has charge of the\\nnational banking system, to see that the law is\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0complied with in organizing and carrying on na-\\ntional banks. He sees that national bank ac-\\ncounts are examined by agents and makes regular\\nreports.\\nHe has charge of printing bank notes and deliv-\\nering the same.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "42 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow many auditors in the treasury department\\nThe business of the entire Treasury department\\nis audited by six auditors.\\nWhat are the duties of the Director of the mint?\\nHe has the supervision of all mints and assay\\nofficers in the United States and receives for adjust-\\nment the accounts of the mints and assay offices,\\netc. He tests the weights and fineness of coins, etc.\\nWhat other departments of the treasury besides\\nthese already given?\\nA commissioner of internal revenue, who super-\\nintends the collection of duties and taxes levied by\\ncongress.\\nA solicitor of the treasury who looks after the\\nattempted frauds of the custom revenue. As law\\nofficer of the treasury department many matters\\nare referred to him under the customs, navigation,\\nbanking and registration laws.\\nWhat is the purpose of the bureau of printing\\nand engraving\\nIt is where engraving and printing designs for\\nthe government are made, such as United States\\nnotes, bonds and certificates, national bank notes,\\ninternal revenue and custom stamps, treasury\\ndrafts and checks, disbursing officers checks, li-\\ncences, commissions, patent and pension certifi-\\ncates, etc., etc.\\nWhat is the purpose of the bureau of statistics?\\nIt is where reports of trade and commerce of the\\ncountry are kept.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIE GOVERNMENT. 43\\nWhat do the scales on the seal of the U. S.\\nTreasury represent\\nThey represent justice, the key security and\\nthe rule exactness.\\nThe Secretary of War. Who was the first secre-\\ntary of war\\nHenry Knox of Kentucky.\\nWhat are the duties of the secretary of war\\nHe has charge of the military affairs of the\\ncountry; carries out the orders of the president\\nconcerning the military service has supervision of\\nall the estimates for appropriations for the expenses\\nof the department purchases army supplies and\\nattends to the transportation of armies.\\nHe, also, has supervision of the military academy\\nat West Point; also, the national cemeteries.\\nSecretary of the Navy. What are the duties of the\\nsecretary of navy\\nUnder the directions of the president of the\\nUnited States, he has general supervision of the\\nnavy department, such as constructing, manning\\nand equipping vessels of war.\\nHow many divisions in the department\\nThere are eight departments under the heads of\\nbureaus. Bureaus of yards and docks equipments\\nand recruiting navigation ordnance construction\\nand repair steam engineering provisions and\\nclothing; medicine and surgery.\\nThe naval observatory at Washington is under\\nthe direction of the secretary of the navy.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "44 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe Attorney General. What are the duties of the\\nattorney general\\nHe is the legal adviser and is at the head of the\\ndepartment of justice. He has the general super-\\nintendency of the United States attorneys and mar-\\nshals in all the judicial districts in the states and\\nterritories. He represents the United States in\\nall suits at law with the government; he gives his\\nadvice and opinion when asked by the head of any\\ndepartment or by the president. He examines\\ntitles to lands for the erection of public buildings,\\netc.\\nWho was the first attorney general under Washing-\\nton\\nEdmund Randolph of Virginia.\\nThe Secretary of the Interior. What are his duties?\\nHe has general supervision of public business\\nrelating to patents for inventions pensions and\\nbounty lands the public lands and surveys the\\nIndians education railroad geographical sur-\\nvey; the census the Hot Spring reservations in\\nArkansas; Yellow Stone national park in Wyoming;\\nand the Yosemite, Sequoia and General Grant\\nparks in California the distribution of appropri-\\nations for agricultural and mechanical policies in\\nthe states and territories, etc.\\nThe Post=Master General. Who was the first\\nPost-master general f\\nSamuel Osgood of Massachusetts, appointed in\\n1789.\\nWhat are the duties of the post-master general*\\nHe has full direction and management of the\\npost office department.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIIi GOVERNMENT. 45\\nWho appoints the four assistant post-master gen-\\nerals f\\nThe president with the consent of the senate.\\nThe post-master general appoints all other officers\\nand employes and all postmasters whose compen-\\nsations do not exceed $1,000. All others are ap-\\npointed by the president and senate. The secre-\\ntary controls the style of postage stamps and\\nenvelopes made by the government. Prescribes\\nthe rules and regulations for the entire postal\\nsystem.\\nWith the consent of the president the post-\\nmaster general makes postal treaties with foreign\\ngovernments.\\nWhat are some of the postal laws f\\nNo post office can be kept in a bar room. E very-\\nletter carrier must give bonds with security to be\\napproved by the post-master general for the safe\\ndelivery of mail. Letter carriers are approved by\\nthe post-master general upon the recommenda-\\ntions of the post-master. The post-master general\\nmay prescribe a uniform dress to be worn by letter\\ncarriers, and anyone wearing this uniform not con-\\nnected with the postal service is liable to a fine of\\nnot more than $100 or imprisonment of six months\\nor both.\\nSpecial Delivery Service. What are post roads\\nThey are thoroughfares by land or water over\\nwhich mail travels. Mails must go on the fastest\\ntrains. Railroads carry mail by weight so much\\nfor every hundred pounds. There are four classes\\nof mail. First class contains written matter.\\nSecond class periodical publications. Third class", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "46 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nmiscellaneous printed matter. Fourth class mer-\\nchandise. Postal cards cannot be issued by private\\nparties.\\nWhat are the mail rates\\nThe letter rate is two cents for every ounce or\\nfraction of an ounce. Periodicals, magazines, etc.,\\nare one cent a pound when sent from a registered\\npublishing house or news agency, otherwise they\\nare one cent for four ounces. Books are one cent\\nfor every two ounces or fraction of an ounce.\\nMerchandise is one cent an ounce, limited to four\\npound packages. Circulars and printed matter in\\nan unsealed envelope are one cent for two ounces.\\nSecretary of Agriculture. The secretary of agri-\\neulture has charge of what business\\nOf all public business pertaining to the agricul-\\ntural industry. He has supervision over all agri-\\ncultural experiment stations, that are supported\\nby the government. He superintends the gathering\\nand printing of all agricultural statistics and the\\ndistribution of valuable seeds, etc., for experiment\\nand improvement of production. The weather\\nbureau since 1891 has been under this department.\\nThe assistant secretary of agriculture and clerk of\\nthe weather bureau are appointed by the president.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 47\\nMILITARY AND NAVAL ACADEMIES.\\nWhen was the military academy established at West\\nPoint, N. V.\\nIn 1802, by an act of congress.\\nHow many students are allowed there\\nThe present corps of cadets is one from each\\ncongressional district, one from the District of\\nColumbia, and ten from the United States at large.\\nHow are they appointed\\nBy the president.\\nAt what age can a young man enter the academy t\\nHe must be between the ages of seventeen and\\ntwenty-two, and must pledge himself, with the\\nconsent of his parents, to serve eight years.\\nHow is this academy supported?\\nBy the government. Each cadet is allowed his\\nentire expenses of clothing, etc. The allowance\\nsince 1876 has been $540.00 a year.\\nName the rank of army officers.\\nMajor-general, brigadier-general, colonel, lieu-\\ntenant-colonel, major, captain, regimental adju-\\ntant, regimental quarter-master, 1st lieutenant,\\n2nd lieutenant, chaplain.\\nWhere is our naval academy established?\\nAt Annapolis, Md. It was established in 1845\\nby Hon. George Bancroft, secretary of the navy.\\nHow old must candidates for admission be f\\nThey must be between fifteen and eighteen\\nyears of age. They remain in the institution for", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "48 EASY LESSONS IN OIVIE GOVERNMENT.\\nfour years before they are examined for admission\\ninto the navy as midshipmen.\\nName the rank of the navy officers.\\nAdmiral, rear-admiral, commodore, captain,\\ncommander, lieutenant-commander, lieutenant,\\nmaster, ensign.\\nDIPLOMATIC SERVICE.\\nWho has charge of the diplomatic service of the\\nUnited States f\\nThe secretary of state.\\nHow are our interests represented in foreign countries\\nBy ambassadors, envoys extraordinary, ministers\\nplenipotentiary, ministers resident, consuls-gen-\\neral, consuls and commercial agents.\\nHow are they appointed?\\nBy the president.\\nWhat is meant by ambassador?\\nAn ambassador is a diplomatic agent of the\\nhighest rank, employed to represent officially a\\nsovereign nation at a foreign court.\\nWhat countries are represented by United States\\nambassadors\\nGreat Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico\\nand Russia.\\nWhat are envoys extraordinary and ministers\\nplenipotentiary\\nIn diplomacy that is the full title of ministers\\nof the second grade resident in a foreign country,\\nnext in dignity to an ambassador. They act as\\nthe agents for communication and the transaction\\nof business between the two governments.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 49\\nWhat country sent the first diplomatic representative\\nto this country f\\nFrance in 1778.\\nThe whole consular service is the great factor\\nin looking after our entire foreign affairs. We\\nhave more than twelve hundred persons connected\\nwith our government, located in the important\\ncities and towns of the world.\\nIn how many countries are we represented f\\nForty-three.\\nHow many countries ate represented in this country f\\nThirty-nine.\\nHow are they supported?\\nBy a salary paid by the country sending them.\\nHow are they recognized in the country to which they\\nare sent?\\nThey are known by their credentials. These\\ncredentials of foreign ministers are presented to\\nthe secretary of state and examined.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "50 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nJUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.\\nWhat is meant by the judicial department\\nThe constitution says: The judicial power of\\nthe United States shall be vested in one supreme\\ncourt, and in such inferior courts as the congress\\nmay from time to time, ordain or establish.\\nHow are the federal courts divided f\\nInto three classes.\\nThe supreme court, the circuit court, and the\\ndistrict court.\\nWhen was the first supreme court held\\nIn 1790 in New York.\\nHow many members of the supreme court\\nNine. Each judge is also presiding judge of a\\ncircuit court.\\nHow many in the original supreme court\\nSix.\\nHow are they appointed?\\nBy the president and confirmed by the senate.\\nHow long do the judges of both the supreme and\\ncircuit courts hold office f\\nFor life or during good behavior. The judges\\nof the federal courts can only be removed by im-\\npeachment and conviction by the senate.\\nIf a judge has attained the age of seventy-five\\nyears and has served two consecutive years, he may\\nretire on full pay.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 51\\nWhat salary do the judges of the supreme court\\nreceive\\n#10,500 for the chief justice and the associate\\njudges $10,000, each, per year.\\nWhat are the powers of the supreme court f\\nSee Constitution.\\nWhen does the supreme court meet f\\nAt Washington in the capitol in a chamber\\nformerly occupied by the senate. The session\\nconvenes the second Monday in October and con-\\ntinues until July of every year. The justices all\\nwear black gowns and are the only public officers\\nwho use any official dress.\\nHow many constitute a quorum to render a court de-\\ncision\\nSix.\\nIn any case given to the supreme court of the United\\nStates, is the decision final?\\nYes. Every case is discussed by the whole body\\ntwice, once to get the opinion of the majority,\\nand then to take final action.\\nHow many circuit courts have we\\nNine. Each presiding judge is assisted by\\nspecial circuit judges. These courts are held\\nannually. We have now seventy-two district\\ncourts, nine circuit courts, nine appellate courts,\\nthe court of the District of Columbia, territorial\\ncourts, the court of claims, and consular courts.\\nHow are the district courts, circuit courts and courts\\nof appeals regulated?\\nBy congress. These courts are established to\\nrelieve the supreme court.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "52 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat states are classed together in the nine circuit\\ncourts\\nThe first judicial circuit: the districts of Maine,\\nNew Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island\\nJustice Grey.\\nThe second judicial circuit the districts of Ver-\\nmont, New York, Connecticut Justice Peckham.\\nThe third judicial circuit the districts of New\\nJersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Justice Shiras.\\nThe fourth judicial circuit the districts of\\nMaryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Caro-\\nlina, South Carolina Chief Justice Fuller.\\nThe fifth judicial circuit The districts of\\nGeorgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,\\nTexas Justice White.\\nThe sixth judicial circuit: The districts of Ohio,\\nMichigan, Kentucky, Tennessee Justice Harlan.\\nThe seventh judicial circuit The districts of\\nIndiana, Illinois, Wisconsin Justice Brown.\\nThe eighth judicial circuit The districts of\\nMinnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyom-\\ning, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado,\\nUtah, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Indian Territory\\nJustice Brewer.\\nThe ninth judicial circuit The districts of Cali-\\nfornia, Montana, Washington, Oregon, Nevada\\nJustice McKenna.\\nThe circuit courts sit in the several districts of\\neach circuit, successively and the law requires that\\neach justice of the supreme court shall sit in each\\ndistrict of his circuit at least once in every two\\nyears.\\nAre there other circuit judges appoitited?\\nYes, two or more for each circuit.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "EASY EESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 53\\nAt what salary f\\n$6,000 each.\\nWho, by virtue of his office, is presiding judge of the\\ncircuit court f\\nOne of the justices of the supreme court.\\nThe circuit court may be held by the circuit\\njudge alone, or by the supreme court circuit judge\\nalone, or by both together, or by either sitting\\nalone with the district judge of the district court.\\nWhat are the district courts\\nThey are the third and lowest of the federal\\ncourts.\\nHow many judicial districts have wef\\nSeventy-two. Each state is entitled to at least\\none district.\\nHow many district judges are there?\\nSixty-three. Some of the judges must preside\\nover two districts.\\nEach district also has its district attorney.\\nWhat are the duties of the district attorney f\\nTo prosecute offenders against federal laws and\\nto conduct civil cases in which the government is\\neither defendant or plaintiff.\\nThe district attorney is the United States law\\nofficer for that district.\\nThe court of claims meets in Washington and\\ndecides what claims against the United States\\nshould be paid.\\nWhat salary do the judges of the court of claims re-\\nceive\\n#4,500 a year each.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "64 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat salary do the district judges receive\\n$5,000 each.\\nHow are the United States commissioners appointed?\\nBy the circuit judges.\\nBach of the seventy-two districts have a district\\nmarshal and a district attorney.\\nHow are these appointed\\nBy the president.\\nWhat power has the United States marshal\\nHe is the executive officer of the circuit and dis-\\ntrict courts and stands in a similar relation to these\\nthat a sheriff does to a county.\\nWhen was the circuit court of appeals established f\\nIn 1891.\\nWhat are consular courts\\nThey are courts in some cases held by American\\nconsuls in foreign countries. Usually these cases\\nare troubles arising in commercial transactions and\\nare often decided by this court.\\nCIVIL SERVICE.\\nWhat do we mean by civil service\\nThat all efficient appointed officers should be\\nretained in service, regardless of politics, during\\ngood behavior.\\nWhat does our civil service include\\nAll government employes except military and\\nnaval officers. It is generally applied to appointed\\nofficers and employes in the executive branch of\\nthe government and not to the legislature or ju-\\ndiciary departments.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 55\\nWho was the first president to depart from the\\nprinciples of early civil service?\\nJefferson, when the spoils system was intro-\\nduced. The evil of it continued until 1865 when\\na bill was introduced to reform the civil service.\\nIn 1871 an act was passed giving the president\\nauthority to make rules for admission into the\\ncivil service.\\nWhat was then done\\nA civil service commission was appointed with\\nGeorge William Curtis at its head.\\nWhat were its duties\\nTo introduce tests of fitness of applicants.\\nHow long did this continue\\nUntil 1873, when congress discontinued the\\nappropriation for this commission.\\nWhat bill pertaining to civil service reform passed in\\n18839\\nThe Pendleton act, introduced by Senator\\nPendleton of Ohio.\\nWhat did this act provide\\nIt provided for a civil service commission of\\nthree representing both parties, which should pro-\\nvide competitive examinations for entrance into\\nsuch classes of the civil service as the president\\ndesignates.\\nDo all applicants for government positions in all the\\ndepartments have to be examined?\\nYes, except as stated above, and if they pass a\\nwritten examination, they are listed and from this\\nlist of persons thus qualified the appointments are\\nmade.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "56 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat important departments come under civil service\\nThe department service, the fpostoffice service,\\nthe government printing service^and internal rev-\\nenue service.\\nCan a person in the civil service become a mem-\\nber of congress at the same time\\nNo.\\nTHE SIGNAL SERVICE.\\nWhat are the uses of the signal service?\\nThis service is based on the science of meteor-\\nology and those engaged in it are largely occupied\\nwith the study of weather changes, and the laws\\nof storms, their origin and progress.\\nWhen was the signal service i?istitttted\\nAt the beginning of the civil war, and was first\\nused solely for military purposes.\\nHow is it still conducted f\\nBy the war department. It now estimates the\\nweather probabilities based on scientific observa-\\ntions, and daily reports are published all over the\\ncountry.\\nDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.\\nHow is the District of Columbia governed?\\nCongress has exclusive control of the District.\\nThe civil government of the District is vested in\\nthree commissioners, two of whom are appointed\\nby the president with the consent of the senate for\\nthree years, the third is an officer of the army\\nbelonging to the engineer s corps, detailed by the", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 57\\npresident for this service. The duties of these\\ncommissioners are the same as those usually per-\\nformed by the mayors and boards of aldermen.\\nHow are the expenses met f\\nThe expenses of the District Government are\\nequally divided between the United States congress\\nand the property owners of the District.\\nCan the people of the District vote f\\nNo. Not in the District.\\nTo what states did the District of Columbia\\nformerly belong f\\nMaryland and Virginia.\\nHow large was the original District\\nOne hundred square miles.\\nHow tafge is it now t\\nLess than seventy.\\nWhen did congress move to Washington f\\nIn 1800.\\nHas the District, at any time, been represented in\\ncongress\\nYes, by a delegate.\\nWhen did the District have a territorial form of\\ngovernment t\\nIn 1871 the president and senate appointed a\\ngovernor and a council, and the people elected a\\nhouse of delegates and a delegate to congress.\\nDid this prove a success f\\nNo; it was abolished in 1874.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "58 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nTERRITORIES.\\nHave all the states in the Union once been\\nterritories f\\nAll except the thirteen original states.\\nHow many classes of territories have we now\\nTwo, organized and unorganized.\\nWhat is the form of government in an organized\\nterritory\\nAn organized territory has a governor, judges,,\\nsecretary of territory and attorney. All appointed\\nby the president and confirmed by the senate.\\nFor how long are they appointed\\nFor a term of four years.\\nHow are they paid\\nFrom the national treasury.\\nOf what does the government of a territory con-\\nsist f\\nOf legislative, executive and judicial branches.\\nHow is the legislative divided?\\nInto two houses, called the council and house of\\nrepresentatives.\\nHow are the members of the legislature elected?\\nBy the qualified electors in the districts of the\\nterritory.\\nCan the territories make their ozvn laivs\\nLaws passing their legislature are subject to the\\napproval of congress.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 59\\nHow is an organized territory represented in congress f\\nA territory having 5,000 male inhabitants is en-\\ntitled to a delegate to congress.\\nWhat are the privileges of a delegate\\nHe can debate motions but cannot vote. He can\\nbe appointed on committees.\\nHow is he elected f\\nThe territorial delegate is elected by the vote\\nwithin the territory.\\nDo territories elect electors and have an electorial col-\\nlege to vote for president f\\nNo, they have nothing to do with electing the\\npresident or vice-president.\\nHow are the territories divided f\\nInto three judicial districts. Each territory has\\na supreme court and three district courts; also,\\nthere are justices courts.\\nHow many organized territories have we now f\\n(ipoo)\\nFour. Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico and\\nHawaii.\\nHow many delegates in congress\\nFour.\\nHow can a territory become a state\\nThe first act of the territory is to petition con-\\ngress through their delegate for admission into the\\nUnion.\\nWhat is done with the petition\\nCongress refers it to the committee on territories.\\nThe committee presents a bill which if passed de-\\nfines the boundaries and decides on the name of", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "60 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthe state, and also gives the territory the power to\\nelect delegates to the convention to prepare a con-\\nstitution for the state.\\nWhat are the special requirements in this act of\\ncongress\\nThat the constitution for the new state must be\\nrepublican in form, and it must be in harmony\\nwith the constitution of the United States and\\ndeclaration of independence.\\nHow are the delegates to this convention elected?\\nBy the voters.\\nWhat do they do\\nFrame a constitution.\\nWhat is then done with this proposed constitution t\\nIt is submitted to the electors of the territory to\\nbe voted on.\\nWhat is next done\\nIf the constitution is adopted by a majority of\\nelectors, the governor of the territory sends a copy\\nof the adopted constitution to the president ot the\\nUnited States, and if he finds that it complies with\\nthe requirements made by congress he issues a\\nproclamation declaring the territory admitted as a\\nstate into the union. The people of the state then\\nelect the officers.\\nWhat is an unorganized territory f\\nAn unorganized territory is subject only to the\\nlaws of congress.\\nWhat territory belongs to this class f\\nThe Indian territory.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 61\\nHow is Alaska governed?\\nAlaska is governed entirely by congress with a\\ngovernor appointed by the president and senate.\\nAlaska has no legislature.\\nNATURALIZATION.\\nHow many years must a foreigner remain in\\nthis country before he can take out naturalization\\npapers and become a citizen f\\nHe must reside in the United States five years,\\nand one year in the state or territory where he\\nasks for admission to citizenship.\\nWhat must he do two years before he is admitted to\\ncitizenship\\nHe must renounce allegiance to any foreign\\nprince or state.\\nCan foreigners vote at state elections before they take\\nout their naturalization papers\\nThat is governed by the laws of the states. In\\nmore than one-third cf the states the election fran-\\nchise is granted foreigners, before they are natural-\\nized, by declaring their intention of becoming\\nAmerican citizens.\\nIf naturalized citizens go abroad are they stilt\\nprotected by the United States f\\nYes: the statutes of the United States say that\\nall naturalized citizens of the United States while\\nin foreign countries are entitled to and shall receive\\nfrom this government the same protection of per-\\nson and property which is accorded to native-born\\ncitizens.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "62 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nWhere is the largest library building in the world f\\nThe library of congress at Washington, which\\nhas a capacity of five million volumes. This is\\nconsidered the most gorgeous building in America.\\nWhen was the library of congress established?\\nBy an act of congress in 1800.\\nWhen was it destroyed?\\nWhen the British burned the capitol in 1814.\\nIt was re-established by congress in the same year\\nin the central capitol building.\\nWhen was it again partially destroyed by fire\\nIn 1851.\\nWhat act was passed in 1824.\\nAn act to appropriate five thousand dollars an-\\nnually for the purchase of library books.\\nWhat did the present library cost f\\n#5,700,000.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 63\\nOUR FLAG.\\nFlag of the free hearts hope and home\\nBy angel hands to valor given\\nThy stars have lit the welkin dome,\\nAnd all thy hues were born in heaven.\\nForever float that standard sheet\\nWhere breathes the foe but falls before us,\\nWith freedom s soil beneath our feet\\nAnd freedom s banner streaming o er us\\nJoseph Rodman Drake.\\nWhen was our American flag adopted by the conti-\\nnental congress\\nJune 14th, 1777.\\nWhat decree was issued in this congress\\nThat the flag of the United States be thirteen\\nstripes, alternate red and white that the union be\\nthirteen stars, white on a blue field, representing\\na new constellation.\\nDuring the early days of the revolution what flag\\nwas used?\\nVarious designs were made and used. The flag\\nused by the Americans at the battle of Bunker\\nHill was called the New England Flag. This\\nwas a blue ground with the red cross of St. George\\nin the corner and in the upper staff corner a green\\npine tree. Different flags were designed and used\\nuntil 1775, when congress appointed a committee\\nto make a design for a union flag.\\nWho was on this committee\\nDr. Franklin, who suggested they visit General\\nWashington to get his opinion on a design.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "64 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEBNMENT.\\nA design was finally submitted to the committee,\\nthe committee submitted it to Mrs. Betsey Ross,\\nwho was a seamstress. She made suggestions for\\nthe present flag and made the first American flag\\nwith stars and stripes.\\nWhat act was passed April, 1818, pertaining to this\\nflag?\\nThat the number of stripes be limited to thirteen\\nand the number of stars increase with the number\\nof states that is, a new star was to be added on\\nthe fourth of July next succeeding the admission\\nof any new state.\\nWho is supposed to have first unfurled the national\\nflag?\\nPaul Jones on the Ranger (a naval vessel), on\\nthe day congress passed the resolution to adopt it\\nas the national flag.\\nIs the flag always displayed on the capitol building\\nwhile congress is in session\\nYes.\\nLIBERTY BELL.\\nWhat is the liberty bell?\\nIt is the bell that announced the Declaration of\\nIndependence in 1776.\\nWhere was this bell cast f\\nOriginally in London in 1752 and recast in\\nPhiladelphia in 1753, and hung in the Pennsyl-\\nvania state house, afterwards known as Independ-\\nence Hall.\\nWhat is inscribed on the bell\\nProclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto\\nall the inhabitants thereof.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 65\\nWhen was it cracked?\\nJuly 8th, 1835, while being tolled in memory of\\nChief Justice Marshall.\\nWhat became of this bell?\\nIt is still kept in Independence Hall in Philadel-\\nphia.\\nA new bell was made to take the place of the\\nold one in 1828.\\nWhen was another bell made and called the new\\nliberty bell?\\nIn 1892. It was made from various pieces and\\nkinds of money and metal presented by the people\\nof the United States for the purpose. It was ex-\\nhibited and dedicated at the World s Fair in 1893.\\nTHE GREAT SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES.\\nWhen was the United States seal adopted?\\nIn 1782\u00e2\u0080\u0094 June 20th.\\nWho designed the seal?\\nOn July 4th, 1776, congress appointed Benja-\\nmin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson\\na committee to prepare a device for the seal.\\nAfter several designs were submitted the present\\none was adopted.\\nWhat does the seal represent?\\nIt represents a spread eagle, the emblem of\\nstrength, wearing on its breast an escutcheon of\\nthirteen stripes, alternate red and white like the\\nnational flag. In its right talon the eagle holds\\nan olive branch, the emblem of peace, and in its\\nleft talon are thirteen arrows representing the\\n6", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "66 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthirteen states. In its beak is a scroll with the\\nmotto E Pluribus Unum, meaning ll many in\\none, many states, one nation. Over the head is\\na golden light breaking through a cloud and sur-\\nrounding thirteen stars, forming a constellation on\\na blue ground. On the reverse is an unfinished\\npyramid, representing the unfinished republic, also\\nits strength and duration. Above the pyramid is\\nan eye, denoting the all-seeing eye of Providence,\\nand over this are the words Annuit Coeptis\\nw God favors the undertaking. On the base of\\nthe pyramid is the Roman date of 1776, and below\\nthe pyramid are the words, Novus ordo sec-\\ntorum A new order of the age. The latter\\nwas for a pendant seal, not now used. The re-\\ncumbent seal, the obverse above described, being\\nalways used.\\nLIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD.\\nWhere is the statue of Liberty enlightening the\\nworld placed?\\nIn the harbor of the city of New York.\\nWhen did we get it\\nIt was given to the people of the United States\\nby the people of France in 1876.\\nThis statue is typical of the friendship of two\\npowerful nations.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIIi GOVERNMENT. 67\\nDUTY, TAX, SINGLE TAX, ETC.\\nWhat is tax\\nTax is a charge made by the government against\\nthe people or property for the support of the gov-\\nernment.\\nWhat is duty f\\nDuty is a charge laid on articles taken out of or\\nbrought into a country.\\nWhat is import duty\\nA tax levied on goods brought into a country.\\nWhat is an excise tax\\nA tax levied on manufactured articles within a\\ncountry.\\nA schedule of duties placed by the government\\non goods either exported or imported. Tariffs are\\ndenned as tariff for revenue and tariff for protec-\\ntion. Our tariff is a duty charged for placing on\\nthe American market, goods of foreign manufac-\\nture.\\nWhat is a protective tariff r\\nA tariff on articles which are imported from\\nabroad and which are also produced in this coun-\\ntry, that the American manufacturer with higher\\nrates of wages and interest to pay than his foreign\\ncompetitor, may, nevertheless compete with him\\nin the American market.\\nWhat is meant by tariff for revenue only\\nIt means a tariff that provides revenue for the\\ngovernment without intentionally giving protec-\\ntion to domestic industries.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "68 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL, GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is free trade 1\\nFree trade is that theory whose purpose is to\\nsecure by import duties, money to pay government\\nexpenses by the least possible interference of ex-\\nchange. In such a case the duties are mainly\\nlaid on articles not produced in this country, and\\nwhich therefore can not materially effect natural\\nprices for most articles.\\nWhat is an income tax\\nA tax imposed on all incomes over a certain\\nsum per annum.\\nWhat is revenue\\nIt is the annual income of a country derived\\nfrom taxation, customs, (excise or other sources,)\\nand appropriated to the payment of the national\\nexpense. The revenue of the United States is\\nderived from the customs, internal revenue, direct\\ntax, public lands and other sources.\\nWhat are customs\\nDuties coming from taxes on importations.\\nWhat is internal revenue\\nRevenue coming from taxes on spirits and fer-\\nmented liquors, tobacco and the products manu-\\nfactured from it, revenue stamps on leases, insur-\\nances, bank checks, telegrams, patent medicines\\nand all other things where the government requires\\na revenue stamp affixed.\\nWhat is direct tax\\nDirect tax is upon the person or estate of a\\ncitizen, such as houses, lands, moneys, etc.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nSINGLE TAX FROH A SINGLE TAXER S STANDPOINT.\\nWhat is the single tax\\nIt is a moral and fiscal form promulgated by\\nHenry George.\\nWhat is its fundamental principle\\nThe self evident truth that all men are created\\nequal, and are endowed by their Creator with cer-\\ntain inalienable rights.\\nWhat are these rights f\\nThe equal right to the use and enjoyment of\\nwhat God has created and what is gained by the\\ngeneral growth and improvement of the community\\nof which they are a part.\\nHow is it proposed to enforce these rights\\nNo one should be permitted to hold natural\\nopportunities without a fair return to all for any\\nspecial privilege thus accorded him, and that value\\nwhich the growth and improvement of the com-\\nmunity attaches to land should be taken for the\\nuse of the community that each is entitled to all\\nhis labor produces therefore no tax should be\\nlevied on the products of labor.\\nHow should taxes be levied!\\nBy raising all public revenues for national,\\nstate, county and municipal purposes by a single\\ntax upon land values, irrespective of improve-\\nments, and all the obligations of all forms of direct\\nand indirect taxation.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "70 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL. GOVERNMENT.\\nHow should the single tax be instituted\\nBy the simple and easy way of abolishing, one\\nafter another, all other taxes now levied and com-\\nmensurately increasing the tax on land values, un-\\ntil we draw upon that one source for all expenses\\nof government.\\nHow would this affect the ownership of land!\\nIt would not disturb existing titles, but, would\\nmake the holding of land unprofitable to the mere\\nowner, and profitable only to the user. Thus mak-\\ning speculation in land impossible.\\nWhat is the position of single taxes on monopolies\\nsuch as telegraph tines y railroads, water and gas\\nsupplies, etc!\\nSuch business as requires a grant from the peo-\\nple for its operation becomes a proper social func-\\ntion which should be controlled and managed by\\nand for the whole people concerned through their\\nproper government, local, state or national, as\\nmay be.\\nHow would the single tax affect agricultural dis-\\ntricts\\nIt would take the weight of taxation of the agri-\\ncultural districts where land has a little or no value\\nirrespective of improvements and put it on towns\\nand cities where bare land rises to a value of mil-\\nlions of dollars per acre.\\nFor further information read the works of Henry\\nGeorge and National Taxation, by Thomas G.\\nShearman.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEBNMENT. 71\\nCOPYRIGHTS.\\nWhat is a copyright f\\nThe exclusive right to print and dispose of copies\\nof an intellectual production.\\nThe authors of books, maps, engravings, pic-\\ntures, etc. may obtain the exclusive right to print\\nand sell the same for a period of twenty-eight\\nyears. The copyright may be renewed for fourteen\\nyears longer.\\nHow may a copyright be obtained f\\nTwo copies must be deposited with the librarian\\nof congress at Washington, D. C, and the legal\\nfee of fifty cents for recording. The certificate is\\nalso fifty cents.\\nCan copyrights be granted on trade marks\\nNo; but if protection for names and labels is\\ndesired they must be registered at the Patent office,\\nwith a fee of six dollars for labels and twenty-five\\ndollars for trade marks.\\nWhat, special act was passed in congress in 1891 f\\nGranting the privilege of copyright to foreigners\\nof nations whose governments gave American citi-\\nzens the same privilege.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "72 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nPATENTS.\\nWhat do we mean by patents\\nGiving the inventor the exclusive right of mak-\\ning and selling his inventions.\\nWhere are they secured?\\nApplications of patents are made to the commis-\\nsioner of patents, at Washington, D. C.\\nFor how long do they run\\nFor seventeen years they may then be renewed\\nby an improvement in the invention.\\nMONEY.\\nWhat is money\\nAny thing that serves as a common medium of\\nexchange and measure of value.\\nWho alone has authority to coin money?\\nCongress.\\nWhat is currency\\nAny medium of exchange that is current, whether\\nit be coin, paper or commodities. It is however\\ncommonly applied in this country to paper money.\\nHow many kinds of paper money in this country\\nFour Treasury notes, national bank notes,\\ngold certificates and silver certificates.\\nWhat are treasury notes\\nUnited States bills issued on the credit of the\\ngovernment. These notes are legal tender at", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "EASY EESSONS IN CIVIE GOVERNMENT. 73\\ntheir face value for all debts public and private,\\n-except duties on imports and interest on the pub-\\nlic debt.\\nWhat are national bank notes\\nThey are notes issued by the national banks and\\nguaranteed by the government, the banks deposit-\\ning United States bonds as security.\\nThese notes are legal tender in payment of taxes\\nand dues to the government and for all dues from\\nthe United States to the individual, except, they\\nare not legal tender for import duties, interest on\\nthe public debt or between individuals.\\nWhat are gold and silver certificates\\nThey are notes issued by the government\\nagainst deposits of gold and silver coin or bullion\\nand may -be exchanged for such on demand.\\nWhat are the corns f\\nGold, silver, nickel and copper.\\nWhat is a legal tender, in payment of all debts\\npublic and private under all circumstances and con-\\nditions\\nGold coin.\\nWhat money was used previous to the Revolution-\\nary war?\\nMostly foreign. Principally, English coins and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Spanish mill dollars also, some paper money\\nissued by the assemblies of the different colonies,\\nand based on the credit of the colony issuing.\\nWhen were our mints for coining established?\\nIn 1792 by act of congress. Many experiments\\nwere made in coinage, but nothing actually estab-\\nlished until 1794.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "74 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhere was the first mint established?\\nIn Philadelphia.\\nWhere are our mints for coining money now located?\\nAt Philadelphia, San Francisco, New Orleans\\nand Carson City.\\nWhere are our assay offices t\\nNew York Charlotte, North Carolina Boise\\nCity, Idaho; and Denver, Colorado.\\nWhen was silver first coined in the United States\\nIn 1792. Gold was coined the following year.\\nWhat is bimetallism\\nIt is a name given to a monetary system in\\nwhich both gold and silver are on precisely the\\nsame footing as regards mintage and legal tender.\\nWhat is monometallism\\nThe doctrine that only one metal should be nsed\\nas a standard of value.\\nWhat is meant by the gold standard\\nIt means that gold is made the legal measure of\\nall moneys and values.\\nWhat is meant by free coinage of silver\\nIt means the coinage into money of silver bul-\\nlion by any one presenting the same at the United\\nStates mint for that purpose.\\nWhat is the present ratio of gold and silver\\n16 to 1.\\nWhat is meant by coinage of gold and silver 16 to if\\nIt means that a silver dollar shall contain six-\\nteen times the weight of silver that a gold dollar\\ncontains of gold.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 75\\nWhen was the first greenback issued f\\nIn 1862.\\nWhat is fiat money\\nAny currency whether paper or metal that is\\nplaced in circulation and maintained as legal ten-\\nder by command of the government.\\nWhen was fiat money first issued in this country T\\nFiat money in small amounts was issued by\\nPennsylvania and other colonies long before the\\nrevolutionary war. This money was suppressed\\nby the English crown.\\nDuring the revolutionary war the continental\\ncongress issued fiat money of different denomina-\\ntions, but the congress having no power to levy\\ntaxes and being obliged to furnish resources, is-\\nsued large amounts which the colonial govern-\\nment could not redeem and they became worth-\\nless in 1780. The English government counter-\\nfeited them by the millions. Without this fiat\\nmoney the continental army would have failed and\\nindependence not have been achieved.\\nWhat can be done with greenbacks that are\\nburned\\nThe charred and blackened remains are sent to\\nthe treasury for replacement. The indentification\\nof these bills so burned is in the hands of an ex-\\npert woman in the comptroller s office.\\nWhat can be done with mutilated paper money\\nWhen the paper money becomes dirty and torn\\nand it is presented to the United States treasury\\nnew notes may be exchanged for them.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "76 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat becomes of the old money\\nEvery working day one million dollars are de-\\nstroyed after a proper record has been made of the\\nold bills. They are placed in large chests and car-\\nried to the basement of the treasury building and\\nat 2 p. m. each day three officials meet, one repre-\\nsenting the secretary of the treasury, one of the\\ntreasurer of the United States, and the third the\\ncomptroller of currency. Each bank whose\\nmoney is to be destroyed is required to have a\\nrepresentative present to see that the money is\\nproperly disposed of. These old bills are then\\nput in a hopper with a large revolving cylinder\\ncontaining steam and chemicals, which converts\\nthe paper into a soft pulp which, afterwards is\\nsold.\\nWhat are government bonds\\nThey are bonds issued by the government as\\nevidence of indebtedness for money it has bor-\\nrowed or for obligations it has assumed.\\nThe weight of a gold dollar is 25.8 grains.\\nAmount of fine gold is 23.22 grains and the re-\\nmainder is copper alloy. The gold dollar is the\\nunit and standard of value although the actual\\ncoinage of the $1.00 gold piece was discontinued in\\n1890. The weight of a silver dollar is 412^\\ngrains of this 371 J^ grains is fine silver and 41\\ngrains copper alloy. Standard bullion contains\\n900 parts of pure gold and 100 parts copper alloy.\\nThe coining value of an ounce of pure gold is\\n$20.67183, and the coinage value of an ounce of\\nstandard gold is $18.60465. The coining value in\\nstandard silver dollars of an ounce of pure silver is\\n$1.2929, and the coining value of an ounce of\\nstandard silver is $1.1636.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 77\\nBANKS.\\nWhat is a bank?\\nAn institution for negotiating credits, for dis-\\ncounting notes, for issue of paper money and a\\nplace for deposit of valuables.\\nWhat is banking\\nTrading in and with money such as buying,\\nselling, exchanging and dealing in credit.\\nWhat are the officers of a bank called?\\nBankers.\\nWhat is the oldest bank on record?\\nThe bank of Venice, established 1171.\\nWhat bank is the most important one in the\\nworld?\\nThe bank of England.\\nWhen was it established\\nIt was proposed by William Paterson. A bill\\nwas passed by the government, and a charter\\ngranted April, 1694, for eleven years.\\nWhen were banks first established in the United\\nStates\\nThe first bank chartered in the United States\\nwas the bank of North America in 1781. This\\nbank had a ten year charter and was located in\\nPhiladelphia.\\nWho was the founder of this bank\\nRobert Morris.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "78 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhen was the first United States bank chartered 1\\nIn 1790 Alexander Hamilton, then secretary of\\nthe treasury, recommended in his report the estab-\\nlishing of the bank of the United States. His\\nplan was adopted bv congress and a charter granted\\nin 1791 with a capital of $10,000,000. This bank\\nissued no bills under ten dollars.\\nWho may conduct banks\\nCapitalists may unite under the laws of the\\nUnited States and form a national banking asso-\\nciation or a number under a state law and or-\\nganize a state bank or one person or company\\nmay conduct an individual or private bank.\\nWhat is a private bank\\nA private bank is one conducted by an individ-\\nual, or company, without a charter, and hence un-\\nder less restriction than a state or national bank.\\nIf banks are organized under state laws what are\\nthey required to do\\nThey are bound by the law and subject to in-\\nspection. They must also pay a tax of ten per\\ncent on the amount of money used in their busi-\\nness, and, if they issue promises to pay, a coin\\nreserve must be kept to pay them.\\nWhen were national banks established\\nThey were authorized in 1863 and established in\\n1864.\\nWhat is meant by a national bank\\nA national bank is not owned or conducted by\\nthe government, but it authorizes its creation and\\nprescribes its mode of doing business. All national\\nbanks come under the same law in every state, are", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CTVIE GOVERNMENT. 79\\nsubject to the same inspection, and use the same\\nblanks in making returns to the treasury depart-\\nment at Washington.\\nHow are national banks organized?\\nUnder the national law, a banking association\\nmay be formed by five or more persons, who must\\nspecify in their articles of association the general\\nobject of thus uniting. They must make out their\\norganization certificate.\\nFirst. The name of the organization.\\nSecond. Place of business.\\nThird. The amount of its stock and the number\\nof shares into which it is divided.\\nFourth. The names and residences of the share\\nholders and the number of shares held by each.\\nFifth. A declaration that the certificate is made\\nto enable them to avail themselves of the advan-\\ntage of this title.\\nWhat is done with these organization certificates\\nThey must be signed by the persons uniting to\\nform the association and be acknowledged before a\\njudge of some court of record or notary public and\\ntogether with the acknowledgement by the seal of\\nsaid court, must be sent to the comptroller of cur-\\nrency to be filed and preserved in his office.\\nWhat is the capital stock required?\\nNo association can be organized with a less cap-\\nital than one hundred thousand dollars under this\\ntitle, except, that banks with a capital of not less\\nthan fifty thousand dollars, may, with the approval\\nof the treasury, be organized in any place where\\nthe population does not exceed six thousand in-", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "80 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nhabitants. No association can be organized in a\\ncity, the population of which exceeds fifty thous-\\nand persons, with not less than two hundred thous-\\nand dollars.\\nIf a national bank is organized in a small place\\nwith capital stock of fifty thousand dollars, can it\\ncontinue with that stock if the town increases to more\\nthan six thousand people?\\nYes.\\nWhat are the corporate powers of a national bank\\nassociation f\\nAfter incorporation it has power\\nFirst. To adopt and use a corporate seal.\\nSecond. To do business for the period of\\ntwenty years from its organization unless it is\\nsooner dissolved according to the provisions of its\\narticles of association, or by the act of its share-\\nholders owning two-thirds of its stock, or unless\\nits franchise becomes forfeited by some violation\\nof law.\\nThird. To make contracts.\\nFourth. To sue and be sued.\\nFifth. To elect or appoint a board of directors\\nand this board in turn appoints the president, vice-\\npresident, cashier and other officers.\\nSixth. To prescribe, by its board of directors,\\nby-laws not inconsistent with law, regulate the\\nmanner in which its stock shall be transferred, etc.\\nSeventh. To exercise by its board of directors\\nor duly authorized agents, subject to law, all such\\nincidental powers as are necessary to carry on the\\nbanking business.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 81\\nHow ts the capital stock divided?\\nThe capital stock, of each association, is divided\\ninto shares of one hundred dollars each and it is to\\nbe deemed as personal property.\\nCan these shares be transferred?\\nYes; by vote of the association in such a manner\\nas may be prescribed in the by-laws of the organi-\\nzation. Bach person becoming a shareholder by\\nsuch transfers will, in proportion to his shares,\\nsucceed to all rights and liberties of the prior\\nholder of such shares.\\nHow many directors must each national banking\\nassociation have\\nThey must have not less than five directors, who\\nare elected by the share holders at a meeting held\\nany time before the association is authorized by\\nthe comptroller of currency to commence business.\\nThe directors hold office for one year and until\\ntheir successors are elected and qualified. From\\nthe board of directors one is chosen its president.\\nBach director is entitled to one vote for each share\\nof stock held by him. Shareholders may vote by\\nproxies, duly authorized in writing. No share-\\nholder whose liability is passed and unpaid is\\nallowed to vote. Bach director is required to take\\nan oath of office, and this is filed with the comp-\\ntroller of currency.\\nMust directors be citizens of the United States\\nBvery director must, during his whole term of\\nservice, be a citizen of the United States, and at\\nleast three-fourths of the directors must have re-\\nsided in the state or territory or district, in which", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "82 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthe association is located, for at least one year\\nimmediately preceding the election, and must\\nreside therein during their continuance in office.\\nHow many shares must each director own\\nEach and every director must own in his own\\nright at least ten shares of capital stock of the\\nassociation in which he is a director. Any director\\nwho has ceased to be owner of ten shares of stock,\\nor who becomes in any other manner disqualified,\\nmust thereby vacate his place.\\nWhen must the capital stock be paid in\\nAt least fifty per centum of the capital stock of\\nevery association must be paid in before it can be\\nauthorized to commence business; and the re-\\nmainder of the capital must be paid in installments\\nof at least ten per centum each on the whole\\namount of the capital, as frequently as one install-\\nment at the end of each succeeding month from\\nthe time it shall be authorized by the comptroller\\nof the currency to commence business, and the\\npayment of each installment must be certified to\\nthe comptroller under oath by the president or\\ncashier of the organization.\\nAfter all the provisions required by law have been\\ncomplied with, what does the comptroller do f\\nHe grants the association a certificate under his\\nhand and official seal, authorizing them to com-\\nmence business.\\nWhat is then done by the association\\nThey must have their certificate published in\\nnewspapers printed in the city or county where the\\nassociation is located, for at least sixty days next", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 83\\nafter the issuing thereof. They are then ready to\\nbegin business.\\nWhere do the profits of bankers come from f\\nFrom the interest on the government bonds de-\\nposited by the association with the United States\\ntreasurer, and from discounts in negotiating loans,\\netc. Also, the excess of the interest he receives\\nfrom those indebted to him over the interest he\\nallows to those who have deposited money or paper\\nwith him.\\nHow may money be paid out f\\nBy checks or drafts.\\nWhat are bank notes t\\nBank notes are obligations issued by a bank to\\npay a certain specified sum to the bearer on de-\\nmand.\\nAi e national bank notes taken everywhere in the\\nUnited States\\nYes because they are protected by the govern-\\nment bond deposited with the treasurer of the\\nUnited States.\\nHow is the clerical work done in banks\\nBy cashiers, bookkeepers and tellers.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "84 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nCLEARING HOUSE.\\nWhat is a clearing house\\nAn establishment where the process of clearing\\nor settling accounts is carried on.\\nWhen was the first clearing house for bankers estab-\\nlished\\nIt was established in London in 1775. It was\\nused as a place where clerks of banks of that city\\nwould meet daily to exchange with one another\\nthe checks drawn upon, and bills payable at their\\nrespective houses.\\nWhen was the first bank clearing house established in\\nthe United States\\n1853, in New York City.\\nWhat becomes\\\\of a check Follow a check from the\\ntime you pay dtbill with it until it is returned to you.\\nThe person receiving it may in turn pay it over\\nto some one else, they themselves endorsing it on\\nthe back or it may be by them turned over to\\nthe bank to be deposited to his account. If it is\\na check on the same bank as deposited it is\\nsimply held there until your bank book is balanced,\\nwhen it is returned to you, together with other\\nchecks you have issued.\\nIf it is presented to the bank arid cashed and the\\ncheck belongs to some other bank, what becomes of it?\\nEvery check is stamped with the number of the\\nbank which is sending it to the clearing house.\\nAt a certain hour all the checks are taken by a\\nclerk and these checks are exchanged and balances\\nmade. These checks are taken back to their re-\\nspective banks and finally returned to the depositor.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 85\\nDIRECT LEGISLATION.\\nWhere is the germ of a perfect government to be\\nfound?\\nIn the authority of the people.\\nWhat is claimed in regard to the ballot in the United\\nStates by those who believe in direct legislatio7t\\nThat it has ceased to be an expression of the\\nwill of the people.\\nHow is it claimed the will of the people can be\\nrestored\\nBy the establishment of a pure democracy.\\nWhat is meant by direct legislation\\nA pure democracy. It is for the people to vote\\nfor laws instead of voting for representatives and\\ndelegate to them the full power of making the\\nlaws.\\nWhat is the referendum\\nIt is the right of the people to pass upon all\\nlaws, and by a majority vote accept or reject them.\\nWhat is the initiative\\nIt is the right of a citizen, or citizens, under cer-\\ntain necessary restrictions, to initiate any needed\\nlegislation.\\nWhat is the imperative mandate\\nIt is the right of the people to remove any public\\nofficer, without regard for the length of time for\\nwhich he may have been elected, who has proved\\nunfaithful.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "86 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is claimed as to present methods of legislation\\nThat they are cumbrous, inefficient and easily\\nabused.\\nWhat is the method proposed\\nMore direct legislation, this being guaranteed by\\nthe spirit and words of the declaration of indepen-\\ndence. More definitely this method is defined as\\nthe referendum, the initiative, and the imperative\\nmandate.\\nWhat about the results f\\nLegislative bodies would become simply com-\\nmittees of the people to attend routine business and\\nconsider measures, which must be submitted to\\nthe people before final enactment into law. No\\nlegislation, except such as the majority of the\\npeople approve can become law. The standard of\\ncitizenship would be raised, and the corrupt lobby\\nwould disappear from the halls of legislation.\\nWhen a question is once settled right it cannot be\\nundone by a change of legislators, or of a political\\nparty for party purposes. Promises made the\\npeople by a successful candidate would have to be\\nfulfilled, and all questions would be discussed on\\ntheir merits.\\nWhen would the initiative be used?\\nOnly when the representatives (the committees)\\nof the people failed to see or do their duty.\\nWould a change in the method of voting take place f\\nNot necessarily. But some think it would be\\ngreat economy for the post office department, with\\na small increase of the force, to collect the vote of\\nthe people. The secret ballot and strict registra-", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 87\\ntion laws would no longer be required. The ex-\\npense of making laws would be reduced, and time\\nfor consideration of all measures would be given.\\nHow would the initiative be used f\\nA convention of about three hundred voters would\\nbe held, and the proposed law or governmental\\npolicy formulated and signed by at least five per cent\\nof the voters in the territory represented. The\\ndocument would then be deposited with the clerk\\nof city or county, who transmits a copy to the\\npresident. It is then caused to be printed and\\ncopies sent to every postofrlce, half of the expense\\nto be borne by the initiative convention and half\\nby the government. This would prevent voters\\nresorting to the initiative unless urgent necessity\\narose. When the post master receives the docu-\\nment he displays it on a bulletin, and eveiy voter\\nshowing his electoral card will be allowed to record\\nhis vote in a book kept for that purpose at the\\npost office. The post master transmits the votes\\nto the county clerk, the clerk to the governor and\\nthe governor to the speaker of the house. If the\\ntotal from all the states reaches the per cent of\\nsigners, the house will frame a measure in accord-\\nance with the petition and submit it to the people\\nat the annual referendary ballot.\\nHow would the referendum be conducted\\nCongress would fix a day for the annual referen-\\ndary vote a day four or six months after the\\nadjournment of congress. All bills and questions\\nwould be properly printed for distribution to the\\npost offices. If the people desire they can vote on\\nthem. If they should be satisfied with them they", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "88 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ncan approve and if dissatisfied they can veto. It\\nis claimed the United States senate might be abol-\\nished and legislatures would be unnecessary, as a\\ncommittee would be sufficient. Great economy is\\npromised in every department of government and\\nthe saving of millions of dollars.\\nSWITZERLAND\\nAs an Example of the Initiative and Referendum.\\nWhat is one of the oldest republics of the world\\nSwitzerland.\\nHow long has it been a republic\\nFor over five hundred years.\\nOf what was it composed\\nOf independent cantons, each of which had its\\nlaws, a simple republic within itself, and, except\\nin times of war, they had but little communication\\nbetween them. There was no strong central gov-\\nernment. In more recent years great changes\\nhave taken place. Revolutions sprung up in the\\ncantons, a new general constitution was adopted\\nin 1848 modeled somewhat after that of the United\\nStates. All the monarchies protested against the\\nSwiss constitution and predicted dire failure. The\\nconstitution was again amended in 1874, so as to\\ngive strength of union and yet maintain more\\ndirect legislation on the part of the people. It is\\nthe purest democracy in the world among civilized\\nnations.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 89\\nHow many cantons in the Swiss republic f\\nTwenty-two.\\nWhat is the total population\\n3,000,000.\\nHow many languages are spoken in the parliament\\n*at Bern\\nThree German, French and Italian. A mo-\\ntion made in German is quickly repeated in\\nFrench and Italian before discussion or a vote is\\ntaken. Most ot the Swiss parliamentarians under-\\nstand the three languages, and many of them\\nEnglish. A trained statesman who can serve the\\npeople well is apt to be retained at his post.\\nTo whom are the laws submitted for approval after\\nadoption in the diet?\\nTo the people.\\nWho holds the final veto power f\\nThe people.\\nHow do the people of Switzerland use the initiative\\nIf thirty thousand citizens, or eight cantons,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2demand it by petition, any act of their parliament\\nmust be submitted to a vote of the whole people.\\nHow is the president elected?\\nBy parliament.\\nHow is the governing council elected t\\nThis council corresponds to our president s cabi-\\nnet and is composed of seven men selected by\\nparliament from among its own members. A\\npolitical accident could not become a president\\nor a member of the council.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "90 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat salary does the president and members of\\nparliament receive f\\nThe president receives $2,000.00 and the mem-\\nbers 1,000.00.\\nFor how long is the president elected\\nFor one year.\\nWho appoints the members of the supreme court T\\nParliament.\\nWhat relation to parliament does the president\\nand council sustain\\nThey are members of one branch or the other of\\nparliament.\\nHow are the members of parliament elected\\nThe lower house is chosen by the people, and\\nthe constitution provides that the senators may be\\nchosen by the people or by the legislatures.\\nFor how long are they chosen\\nThey are chosen for three years.\\nHow often does parliament meet?\\nYearly, or it may meet oftener if one-fourth of\\nthe members of the upper house command it.\\nThere are no secret sessions in this parliament.\\nWhat is the power of the people in legislation f\\nThey may reject any or all bills adopted by\\nparliament.\\nWho owns the railroads and telegraph lines in\\nSwitzerland\\nThe government.\\nWhat is a peculiar characteristic of this law\\nmaking f\\nImportant laws are often several years in process", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "EASY EESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 91\\nof enactment, but when made the laws must be\\nobeyed. The statute books are not burdened with\\nmany useless or neglected laws.\\nWhat advantage is claimed for the referendum and\\nveto power in the hands of the people?\\nA copy of the law to be voted on is placed in the\\nhands of each voter and he must examine and pass\\nupon it. No voter can plead ignorance of the law.\\nSwitzerland is the first country to practice direct\\nlegislation.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "92 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nPOLITICAL SAYINGS.\\nWhat great man said, u Pd rather be right than\\npresident of the United States f\\nHenry Clay.\\nUnder what circumstances\\nHe had introduced a bill in congress in 1833 to\\nreduce the then existing duties in order to favor\\nthe agricultural states. Some of the southern\\nstates opposed this measure, and when told he\\nwould lose his chances for the presidency he made\\nthe above statement.\\nWho said, was born an American, I live an Ameri-\\ncan, I shall die an American t\\nDaniel Webster, in a speech delivered July 17,\\n1850.\\nWho said, I am not a Virginian, I am an Ameri-\\ncan?\\nPatrick Henry, in the first continental congress.\\nWhat general said, I propose to fight it out on this\\nline if it takes all summer\\nGeneral Grant to the secretary of war.\\nWhat president said, u To be prepared for war, is\\none of the most effectual means of preserving peace V\\nGeorge Washington.\\nWhat pesident in his second inaugural address said,\\nu with malice toward none, with charity for all?\\nAbraham Lincoln.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 9S\\nWho was commonly known and called the Father\\nof the constitution\\nJames Madison.\\nWhy was he called that?\\nBecause he was the author of the resolution\\nthat led to the invitation for the convention of\\n1787, issued by the Virginia legislature.\\nWhere do we find these words, u First in war, first\\nin peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen?\\nIn a resolution passed in the house of represen-\\ntatives on the death of George Washington.\\nWhat striking utterance did Benjamin Franklin\\nmake after the passage of the stamp act\\nHe said The Americans must light the lamps\\nof industry and economy.\\nIn giving instructions to our ministers abroad as to\\nwhat our foreign policy should be, who said, Ask\\nnothing but what is right, submit to nothing wrong f f\\nAndrew Jackson.\\nWho said, We must all hang together or we shall\\nall hang separately\\nBenjamin Franklin when signing the declaration\\nof independence.\\nWho was called the expounder of the constitution f n\\nDaniel Webster.\\nWho said, government of the people, by the people,\\nand for the people shall not perish from the earth v\\nAbraham Lincoln in his famous Gettysburg ad-\\ndress.\\nWhat president said, a pound of pluck, is worth a\\nton of luck\\nJames A. Garfield.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "D4 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWho was called the Cincinnatus of the west v\\nGeorge Washington.\\nWhat great American orator said, give me liberty\\nor give me death f\\nPatrick Henry in a speech before the Virginia\\nconvention in 1775 in favor of a resolution That\\nthe colony be immediately put in a state of de-\\nfense. In the closing of his remarks he said,\\nIs life so dear, or peace so sweet as to be pur-\\nchased at the price of chains and slavery Forbid\\nit, Almighty God I know not what course others\\nmay take, but as for me, give me liberty or give\\nme death?\\nWhat was said by James A. Garfield the morning\\nafter Lincoln was assassinated?\\nGod reigns and the government at Washing-\\nton still lives.\\nOn what occasion did he say it f\\nIn a brief speech, when a crowd were about to\\nattack a newspaper which had violently opposed\\nLincoln. Garfield appeared in the midst and in a\\nspeech before the crowd said: Fellow citizens\\nClouds and darkness are round about him. His\\npavilion is dark waters and thick clouds of skies.\\nJustice and judgment are the establishment of his\\nthrone. Mercy and truth shall go before his face.\\nFellow citizens God reigns, and the government\\nat Washington still lives.\\nWho was styled Old Public Functionary t y\\nJames Buchanan.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 95\\nWho said of Alexander Hamilton that He smote\\nthe rock of the national resources and abundant\\nstreams of revenue gushed forth\\nDaniel Webster.\\nWhose cabinet was known as the kitchen cab-\\ninet?\\nAndrew Jackson s.\\nWho said Millions for defense, but not a cent for\\ntribute?\\nCharles C. Pinckney.\\nWho received the famous l X Y Z dispatches?\\nJohn Adams.\\nAt the continental congress who said, I am not\\nworth purchasing, but such as I am, the king of\\nGreat Britain is not rich enough to do it\\nJoseph Reed, a member of the congress, when\\noffered a large sum of money to use his influence\\nto restore the colonies to Great Britain.\\nWho was known as the master of elegance?\\nEdward Everett.\\nWho was the author of the expression they see\\nnothing wrong in the rule that to the victors belong the\\nspoils?\\nWilliam h. Marcy in 1832, in speaking of the\\nremoval from office of those who had been ap-\\npointed under the previous administrations.\\nWhat president announced in his last annual message\\nthe country was without a national bank and without\\na permanent national debt\\nMartin Van Buren. He was president from 1837\\nto 1841.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "96 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWho said he touched the dead corpse of public\\ncredit and it sprung upon its feet?\\nDaniel Webster, of Alexander Hamilton\\nWhence came the motto Americans must rule\\nAmerica\\nFrom the know nothings.\\nWhom did Bancroft call the u wis est civilian of them\\nall?\\nJames Madison.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 97\\nMISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS.\\nWhat college first admitted women\\nOberlin, at Oberlin, Ohio.\\nWho was the first woman to be elected president of a\\ncollege in America f\\nFrances E. Willard, who was made president of\\nthe Kvanston college for women in Febuary, 1871.\\nWhen were envelopes first used f\\n1839.\\nHow long have postage stamps been used\\nIn England since 1840. In the United States\\nsince 1847.\\nWhen was printing introduced in America\\nIn 1539, in the City of Mexico, and in Cambridge,\\nMass., in 1639. It was first known in China in the\\nsixth century.\\nWhen was the first public school established in the\\nUnited States\\nIn 1635, in Boston.\\nWhere did our present public system originate\\nIn New England, 1649, by law of the colony.\\nWhat was the first territory admitted as a state with\\nwoman s suffrage at the time of its admission\\nWyoming.\\nHow long have women voted tn Wyoming f\\nSince 1869.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "$8 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat state first elected women representatives to its\\nstate legislature?\\nColorado, in 1894.\\nWhat state elected the first woman state senator t\\nUtah, 1896. Mrs. Martha Hughes Cannon.\\nWhat state elected the first woman presidential elector f\\nWyoming, 1896.\\nWho was it f\\nMrs. Sarah Malloy.\\nWhen did free delivery of mail matter by carriers\\nfirst take effect?\\nJuly 1st, 1863.\\nWhen was the Si reply postal card issued?\\nIn 1892.\\nAre stamped envelopes, if misdirected, ever redeem-\\nable?\\nYes, upon application to the postoffice depart-\\nment.\\nWhat woman s face has ever adorned United States\\npaper money\\nThe face of Martha Washington.\\nWhat is bullion\\nUncoined gold and silver bars.\\nWhat is the Monroe doctrine t\\nIt is the doctrine in American politics of non-\\nintervention of European powers in matters relat-\\ning to American continents, and is opposed to any\\nextension of territory on the part of such powers\\nupon this continent.\\nWhat is meant by the term a dark horse\\nIt is the term applied to the successful nominee", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 99\\nof a party who was little known at the time of the\\nnomination, or one whose nomination was not\\ngenerally expected.\\nTo whom was it first applied?\\nTo James K. Polk.\\nWhen was the first bank of the United States char-\\ntered?\\nBy congress in 1791. It was opened for the\\ntransaction of business in Carpenter s hall, at\\nPhiladelphia, in December of the same year.\\nHow may war be declared?\\nOnly by a bill passing both houses of congress\\nand signed by the president. The senate may\\nmake a treaty of peace.\\nHow did a Uncle Sam originate\\nThe nickname of Uncle Sam as applied to\\nthe United States government, is said to originate\\nwith Samuel Wilson, commonly called Uncle\\nSam, a government inspector of beef and pork, at\\nTroy, N. Y., in 1812. A contractor, Elbert Ander-\\nson, purchased a quantity of provisions. The\\nbarrels came marked E. A. Anderson s initials\\nU. S. (United States.) Wilson s workmen\\nnot being familiar with the latter initials, inquired\\nwhat they meant, and one fellow answered, I\\ndon t know, unless they mean Uncle Sam.\\nWho is known as the bewildered congressman?\\nJames E. Cobb of Alabama, who, while deliver-\\ning an address in congress, having been diverted\\nfrom the order of his remarks, said Mr. Speaker,\\nwhere am I at?\\nLore.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "100 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat are the great naval powers of the world\\nGreat Britian stands pre-eminently first as the\\nmost important, France, Russia, United States,\\nGermany, Italy and Japan.\\nWhat is a congressman-at-large?\\nOne elected by the voters of a whole state, in-\\nstead of a single district, which is done when the\\nexisting apportionment by districts does not pro-\\nvide lor all the representatives to which the state\\nis entitled.\\nWho is speaker of the house of lords in Engla?id f\\nThe Lord Chancellor.\\nHow is the speaker of the house of commons in\\nEngland chosen\\nBy the house, subject to the approval of the\\ncrown.\\nWhat is the difference between the English and\\nAmerican enacting clause of a bill?\\nThe English enacting clause reads, Be it en-\\nacted by the queen s most excellent majesty, by\\nand with the consent of the lords, spiritual and\\ntemporal, and the commons, and by the authority\\nof the same. The American enacting clause Be\\nit enacted by the senate and house of representa-\\ntives of the United States of America, in congress\\nassembled.\\nWhen was the first recorded TJianksgiving day?\\nIn 1631 in the Massachusetts Bay colony.\\nWho appointed the first national Thanksgiving\\nday?\\nPresident Washington, for November, 1789.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL, GOVERNMENT. 101\\nWhen was the Tammany society of New York\\norganized 1\\nIn 1789 by William Mooney, an upholsterer, and\\nnamed after St. Tammany, a noted Delaware chief,\\nof whom it is said he loved u liberty more than life.\\nWhen was E Phiribus Unum first used as a\\nmotto\\nIt first appeared on coins in New Jersey in 1786,\\nwhen copper coins were issued in the state, and\\nwas suggested by Franklin, John Adams and\\nJefferson as a motto of the United States, and as a\\ndesign for the great seal.\\nTo whom and when was the first medical diploma\\ngranted to a wojnen\\nTo Mrs. Elizabeth Blackwell, Geneva, N. Y. in\\n1849.\\nWhen was letter postage reduced to two cents f\\nIn 1883.\\nWhen were copyright and patent laws first en-\\nacted in this country\\nIn 1784 in South Carolina. Such a general law\\npassed congress in 1790.\\nWhen and where was the first mint established in the\\nEnglish- American colonies\\nIn Boston, 1652.\\nWhat special stamp privilege was granted Washing\\nton for life\\nThat of receiving his letters free of postage,\\nwhich courtesy has subsequently been granted to\\nevery president and ex-president and their widows.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "102 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhen was the white house built f\\nThe corner stone was laid in 1792, and first oc-\\ncupied by President Adams in 1800. It was burn-\\ned by the British in 1814, and restored in 1817.\\nWhen was decoration day established\\nIt is claimed to have been established in 1863,\\nwhile some claim 1862.\\nWhat state is called the mother of presidents\\nVirginia, and it is also called the mother of\\nstates, and it was the first state settled of the thir-\\nteen states that formed the union.\\nWho was the author of the expression a the\\nalmighty dollar t\\nWashington Irving wrote it as a satire on the\\nAmerican love for gain.\\nWhich is the oldest college in America f\\nHarvard college. It was established in 1636.\\nWho was known as Alexander, the copper-\\nsmith\\nAlexander Hamilton, by those who were dissat-\\nisfied with the copper cent coined in 1793.\\nTo whom were these words applied, a all quiet\\nalong the Potomac\\nTo Gen. McClellan, when his army, fully equip-\\nped, remained so long inactive in 1861.\\nWhen was arbor day v inaugurated?\\nIn 1865, by the state board of education of Con-\\nnecticut.\\nWho were known as carpet-baggers? 1\\nThe term was applied to the northerners who\\nwent south after the war for political purposes\\nwithout intending to permanently settle.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 103\\nWhen did a copperheads as an epithet, originate?\\nIt was the name given to northern sympathizers\\nwith the south during the civil war.\\nWhat is the Mason and Dixon line\\nThe line which separates Pennsylvania and\\nMaryland. It was practically the line which sep-\\narated the free from the slave states in the east.\\nWho was known as the mill boy of the sluices n\\nHenry Clay.\\nWhat is known as the cradle of liberty\\nFaneuil hall, Boston.\\nWhat is known as the dollar of our dads v\\nIt is a nickname for the silver dollar.\\nWho was known as the u noblest Roman of them\\nall?\\nAllen G. Thurman.\\nWho was known as old hickory?\\nAndrew Jackson.\\nWho was commonly called l old man eloquent\\nJohn Quincy Adams.\\nTo whom was old rough and ready applied?\\nGen. Zachary Taylor.\\nWho was called old saddle bags? n\\nJoseph McDonald, of Indiana.\\nWhen was the first woman s club organized in Ger-\\nmany\\nJanuary, 1897, in Berlin.\\nWho was the first woman novelist\\nFrances Burney (Madam D Arbley).", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "104 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is known as the liberty tree\\nThe tree on which Andrew Oliver was hung in\\neffigy in 1765, because he had agreed to become\\ndistributor of stamps under the famous stamp act,\\nwhich passed that year.\\nWhen was the first library established in Amer-\\nica f\\nIn 1638, at Harvard college the first public\\nlibrary in New York City in 1700.\\nWhat was the last piece of country bought by the\\nUnited States from a foreign power f\\nAlaska; bought from Russia March, 1867, for\\n$7,200,000 in gold.\\nWhen was the first steamboat invented\\nIn 1807 by Robert Fulton, and called the\\nsteamer Clermont.\\nWhat is meant by a Plymouth rock?\\nThe place where our Puritan fathers first\\nstepped on land in this country.\\nWhere is this place\\nAt Plymouth, Mass.\\nWhen was the first newspaper printed in Amer-\\nica\\nIn 1704, The Boston News, published at Bos-\\nton, Mass.\\nWho wrote the Declaration of Independence!\\nThomas Jefferson.\\nWho were the committee to draft the Declaration\\nof Independence\\nThomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert Living-\\nston, Benjamin Franklin and Roger Sherman.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 105\\nWhat closed the revolutionary war\\nThe surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Oc-\\ntober 19, 1781.\\nTo whom did Cornzvalhs surreiider\\nTo General Washington.\\nWhen was the treaty of peace signed?\\nSeptember 3, 1783, at Paris, France.\\nWhat state was admitted into the union first after\\nour independence\\nVermont, 1791.\\nGive the year of their death and place our presi-\\ndents are buried.\\nGeorge Washington died December 14, 1799,\\nburied at Mt. Vernon, Va. The funeral oration\\nwas given by Gen. Henry Lee. John Adams died\\nJuly 4, 1826. Buried at Braintree (now called\\nQuincy) near Boston, Mass. Thomas Jefferson\\ndied July 4, 1826, buried at Monticello, Va. James\\nMadison died June, 28, 1836. Buried at Montpel-\\nier, Va. James Monroe died July 4, 1831. Buried\\nat Richmond, Va. John Quincy Adams died Feb-\\nruary 23, 1848. Buried at Quincy, Mass. Andrew\\nJackson died June 8, 1845. Buried at Hermitage,\\nnear Nashville, Tenn. Martin Van Buren died\\nJuly 24, 1862. Buried at Kinderhook, N. Y.\\nWilliam Henry Harrison died April 4, 1841,\\nBuried fifteen miles west of Cincinnati, O. John\\nTyler died January 17, 1862. Buried at Holly-\\nwood, Richmond, Va. James K. Polk died 1849.\\nBuried at Nashville, Tenn. Zachary Taylor died\\nJuly 9, 1850. Buried near Louisville, Ky. Mil-\\nlard Fillmore died March 8, 1874. Buried near", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "106 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nBuffalo, N. Y. Franklin Pierce died October 8,\\n1869. Buried at Minot cemetery, N. H. James\\nBuchanan died June 1, 1868. Buried at Lancaster,\\nPa. Abraham Lincoln was assassinated April 14,\\n1865, at Ford s theatre, Washington City, by John\\nWilkes Booth. The president is buried at Spring-\\nfield, 111. Andrew Johnson died July 31, 1875.\\nBuried at Greenville, Tenn. Ulysses S. Grant\\ndied July 23, 1885. Buried at Riverside park,\\nN. Y. Rutherford B. Hayes died January 17, 1893.\\nBuried at Fremont, O. James A. Garfield was\\nshot by Chailes Guiteau at the depot in Washing-\\nton, D. C, July 2, 1881 and died September 19,\\n1881. He is buried at Cleveland, O. Chester\\nAllen Arthur died Nov. 18, 1886. Buried at New\\nYork City,\\nWhat tzvo presidents of the United States died on the\\nsame day just fifty years after the signing of the decla-\\nration of independence\\nJohn Adams and Thomas Jefferson both died\\nJuly 4, 1826.\\nWhat is known as the famous Charter Oak\\nWhen Connecticut was asked by Sir Edmund\\nAndras to give up her charter, the document was\\ntaken away and hid in the hollow of an oak tree,\\nand ever since it has been called the Charter\\nOak.\\nWho founded our Smithsonian institute at Washing-\\nton, D. C.\\nJames Smithson, an Englishman, left a legacy\\nto the United States u for the dissemination of\\nknowledge among men.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. ]07\\nWhen did the government establish this institu-\\ntion\\nIn 1845. It is now a very valuable museum.\\nWhen was the census first taken in the United States t\\nIn 1790.\\nWhat was the population then f\\n3,929,214.\\nDo the members of the British Parliament receive\\nany salary f\\nNo.\\nWho was always known as the Bachelor presi-\\ndent of the United States\\nJames Buchanan and Grover Cleveland were\\nthe only bachelor presidents we have had. Cleve-\\nland married before his term of office expired.\\nWhen was the ballot granted the negro in the\\nUnited States\\nCongress proposed the XV amendment of the\\nconstitution to the state legislatures Feb. 27, 1869,\\nand by March, 1870, was ratified by thirty of the\\nstates, which gave the vote regardless of color.\\nWhat is known as the original package decision?\\nIn the prohibition states the sale of intoxicating\\nliquors was allowed only for mechanical or medi-\\ncinal purposes. In April, 1890, the supreme court\\ndecided that such laws were unconstitutional, so\\nfar as they applied to the sale by an importer in\\noriginal packages of liquors manufactured in and\\nbrought from any other state.\\nWhat was the congress of the three Americas?\\nIn October, 1889, representatives of the leading", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "108 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ngovernments of Central and South America, to-\\ngether with the republic of Mexico, met represen-\\ntatives chosen by the United States in a congress\\nheld in Washington, D. C.\\nBy what name is it known\\nBy the name of the Pan-American Congress.\\nWhat was the object of this congress\\nTo bring about a closer union of Americans, for\\nthe purpose of trade and mutual advantage.\\nHow many countries were represented in this congress\\nEighteen. The total number of representatives\\nwere sixty-six.\\nWhat did the delegates do while here\\nThey visited the principal commercial and man-\\nufacturing cities in the United States. After doing\\nthis they returned to Washington and spent the\\nrest of the winter and part of 1890 in discussion\\nof business.\\nHow many officers and employes are engaged in\\nthe civil service department\\nNearly 200,000.\\nIn Great Britain which house has the power of\\nimpeachment\\nThe house of commons, and the power of trial\\nis with the house of lords.\\nWhen the president of the United States is im-\\npeached, why does the chief justice preside\\nBecause the vice president is interested in the\\ntrial. Should the president be convicted, the vice\\npresident would succeed to the office of president.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 10\\nCan cabinet officers in this country also be members\\nof congress?\\nNo, they cannot hold both positions at the same\\ntime. In Great Britain the cabinet officers may\\nalso hold seats in parliament.\\nWhat is the difference betwee7i the veto power of\\nthe sovereign of Great Britain and the president of\\nthe United States\\nIn the United States the president may veto a\\nbill, but it may still pass in congress over his veto\\nby a two-thirds vote of both houses. In Great\\nBritian the sovereign has an absolute veto power,\\nbut it has not been used since 1707 during the\\nreign of Queen Ann.\\nWho presides in the senate when the vice-president\\nbecomes pre side fit of the United States\\nThe senate chooses one of their own members\\npresident pro tempore. He receives the same\\nsalary as the vice-president did. Election to this\\noffice of course does not make him vice-president\\nof the United States\\nWhy are the qualifications for vice-president the\\nsame as for president?\\nBecause he becomes president in case of a va-\\ncancy. The speaker pro tempore takes the vice-\\npresident s place in the senate, and the secretary\\nof state stands next to the president.\\nHow many presidents of the United States have\\nbeen re-elected?\\nBight Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Mon-\\nroe,. Jackson, Lincoln, Grant and McKinley.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "110 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow many times has the office of president been\\nvacant\\nFour times, and all by death. William Henry\\nHarrison, 1841. General Zachary Taylor, 1850.\\nAbraham Lincoln, 1865. James A. Garfield, 1881.\\nThe office of president and vice-president has\\nnever been vacant at the same time.\\nIs it necessary for a candidate to receive a majority\\npopular vote to elect him president of the United\\nStates?\\nNo, a candidate ma} be in the minority when\\nthe vote of the people is taken, yet he may have a\\nmajority of the electoral votes.\\nHow many minority presidents have been elected?\\nTen, John Quincy Adams, Polk, Taylor, Buch-\\nanan, Lincoln (one time), Hayes, Garfield, Har-\\nrison, Cleveland (two times).\\nIs the president always inaugurated on the j.th of\\nMarch?\\nNo. If the 4th comes on Sunday he is inaugu-\\nrated on the 5th.\\nWhat presidents were not inaugurated on March\\n4th\\nWashington, April 30th, 1789. James Monroe,\\nsecond term, March 5th, 1821. John Tyler, April\\n6th, 1841. Zachary Taylor, March 5th, 1849.\\nMillard Fillmore, July 10th, 1850. Andrew John-\\nson, April 15th, 1865. Rutherford B. Hayes,\\nMarch 5th, 1877.\\nIf the president of the United States should be ab-\\nsent from the country would the office be vacant\\nThis has never occurred, so has always re-\\nmained a disputed question.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Ill\\nIf a vacancy occurs in the house of representatives\\nhow is it filled\\nThe governor calls for a new election and the\\npeople vote for someone to fill the vacancy.\\nHow many vice presidents have died while in\\noffice\\nSix. George Clinton, of New York, April 20,\\n1812. Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, Novem\\nber 22, 1814. William R. King, of Alabama\\nApril 18, 1853. Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts\\nNovember 22, 1875. Thomas Hendricks, of Indi\\nana, November 25, 1885. Garret A. Hobart, of\\nNew Jersey, November 21, 1899.\\nWhen was slavery abolished in the District of Col-\\numbia\\nBy act of congress April 10, 1862, and in the\\nterritories June 19, of the same year.\\nWhen did the president of the United States issue\\na proclamation that all slaves should be free\\nJanuary 1, 1863. The resolution for the aboli-\\ntion of slavery was passed by two-thirds of the\\nSenate April 8, 1864. The resolution did not pass\\nthe house until January, 1865, and was then\\ntransmitted to the states. After the required\\nnumber of states had ratified the amendment it\\nwas announced December 18, 1865.\\nUnder the United States laws has any person\\never been convicted of treason\\nNo. The two most famous cases tried were\\nAaron Burr and Jefferson Davis.\\nWhat is a bill of attainer\\nA legislative measure inflicting punishment\\nwithout a trial in court.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "112 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is an ex post facto law f\\nA law that places punishment upon an act that\\nwas not punishable when committed.\\nWhat is a writ of habeas corpus\\nIt is a guarantee of personal liberty against un-\\njust imprisonment by officers.\\nWhen was the treaty of peace between Spain and\\nthe United States signed!\\nIn Paris, France, December 10, 1898.\\nHow many states have been admitted into the\\nunion since the adoption of the constitution\\nThirty-two. Vermont, the first, in 1791 Utah,\\nthe last, in 1896.\\nWhen zvas our postal money system established in\\nthe United States\\nIn 1864.\\nWhen was the first seminary for women in this\\ncountry established f\\nAt Mount Holyoke, Mass., by Mary Lyon, in\\n1836.\\nWhat magnificent gift went from America to the\\nFrench government in the year ipoo\\nThe equestrian statue of Gen. Lafayette.\\nWhat did it cost and by whom was it given f\\nThe entire cost was over #250,000. Of this sum\\nthe largest part was made up by penny subscrip-\\ntions of the American school children from almost\\nevery state in the union. This statue was unveiled\\nin Paris July 4, 1900.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL, GOVERNMENT. 113\\nGive a list of the presidents of the United States\\nand their term of office.\\nGeorge Washington, Va., 1789-1797, two terms.\\nJohn Adams, Mass., 1797-1801, one term.\\nThomas Jefferson, Va., 1801-1809, two terms.\\nJames Madison, Va., 1809-1817, two terms.\\nJames Monroe, Va 1817-1825, two terms.\\nJohn Qnincy Adams, Mass., 1825-1829, one term.\\nAndrew Jackson, Tenn., 1829-1837, two terms.\\nMartin Van Buren, N. Y., 1837-1841, one term.\\nWm. H. Harrison, Ohio, 1841, one month.\\nJohn Tyler, Va., 1841-1845, 3 yrs, 11 mos.\\nJames K. Polk, Tenn., 1845-1849, one term.\\nZachary Taylor, La., 1849-1850, 1 yr, 4 mos.\\nMillard Fillmore, N. Y., 1850-1853, 2 yrs, 8 mos.\\nFranklin Pierce, N. H., 1853-1857, one term.\\nJames Buchanan, Penn., 1857-1861, one term.\\nAbraham Lincoln, 111., 1861-1865, 4 yrs, 1 mo.\\nAndrew Johnson, Tenn., 1865-1869, 3 yrs, 11 mos.\\nUlysses S. Grant, 111., 1869-1877, two terms.\\nRutherford B. Hayes, Ohio, 1877-1881, one term.\\nJames A. Garfield, Ohio, 1881, 6 mos, 15 days.\\nChester A. Arthur, N. Y., 1881-1885, 3 years, 5\\nmos, 15 days.\\nGrover Cleveland, N. Y., 1885-1889, first term.\\nBenjamin Harrison, Ind., 1889-1893, one term.\\nGrover Cleveland, N. Y., 1893-1897, second\\nterm.\\nWilliam McKinley, Ohio, 1897, re-elected in 1901.\\nGive a list of the vice presidents and when elected.\\nJohn Adams, elected 1789 and 1797.\\nThomas Jefferson, elected 1797.\\nAaron Burr, elected 1801.\\n9", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "114 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nGeorge Clinton, elected 1805 and 1809.\\nEldridge Gerry, elected 1813.\\nDaniel D. Tompkins, elected 1817 and 1821.\\nJohn C. Calhoun, elected 1825 and 1829.\\nMartin Van Buren, elected 1833.\\nRichard M. Johnson, elected 1837.\\nJohn Tyler, elected 1841.\\nGeorge M. Dallas, elected 1845.\\nMillard Fillmore, elected 1849.\\nWilliam R. King, elected 1853.\\nJohn C. Breckenridge, elected 1857.\\nHannibal Hamlin, elected 1861.\\nAndrew Johnson, elected 1865.\\nSchuyler Colfax, elected 1869.\\nHenry Wilson, elected 1873.\\nWilliam A. Wheeler, elected 1877.\\nChester A. Arthur, elected 1881.\\nThomas A. Hendricks, elected 1885.\\nLevi P. Morton, elected 1889.\\nAdlai E. Stevenson, elected 1893.\\nGarret Hobart, elected 1897.\\nTheodore Roosevelt, elected 1901.\\nWhat was the first permanent English colony in\\nAmerica f\\nJamestown, Virginia.\\nWhen was it settled t\\nIt was settled on May 13th, 1607.\\nWhy was it called Jamestown f\\nIn honor of James 1st, of England.\\nFor whom was Virginia named\\nFor Elizabeth, the virgin queen of England.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEBNMENT. 115\\nWhat can be said of the growth of Virginia in 1619?\\nThe people numbered 4000, and had settled in\\neleven distinct places called boroughs, believing\\nthat it would not be a long time when they would\\ngrow to be as many towns.\\nWhat form of government was adopted by the people\\nA representative government. Governor Yeard-\\nly was instructed to issue writs for the election of\\na general assembly. Accordingly, two representa-\\ntives, called burgesses, were chosen by each\\nborough to represent them in the assembly, which\\nmet in the choir of the little church at Jamestown,\\nJuly 30th, 1619. The little church was afterwards\\nknown as the house of burgesses. This was\\nthe first legislative body ever assembled in Amer-\\nica.\\nHow many presidents has Virginia given to the\\nnation f\\nfFive. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,\\nJames Madison, James Monroe and John Tyler.\\nHow many presidents have come from Ohio\\nOhio has had five. William Harrison, Ruther-\\nford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield and William\\nMcKinley, two terms.\\nWhat college was founded in Virginia in 1602\\nWilliams and Mary s.\\nWhen was Yale college founded\\nIn 1701, in New Haven, Conn.\\nWhen and by whom was our first postal service\\nestablished?\\nIn 1754, by Benj. Franklin.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "116 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is meant by the u Boston tea party\\nThe colonists, indignant at the duty placed on\\ntea, by England, one night while the tea ship was\\nin the harbor, boarded the same and poured the\\ntea in the bay.\\nWhat was the beginning of the revolutionary war\\nThe British troops fired on the Americans at\\nLexington, April 19, 1775.\\nWho said we have met the enemy and they are\\nours v\\nOliver H. Perry, after winning a decided victory\\nsent this word to General Harrison.\\nWhen was telegraphy invented?\\nBy Prof. Morse in 1844. The first line was\\nbetween Washington and Baltimore.\\nWhat was the cause of the election of Hayes\\nIn some of the contested southern states the\\nrepublicans claimed fraudulent counting on the\\npart of the democrats. The democrats denied the\\naccusation, which caused the contested election.\\nIt was finally agreed by congress that a commis-\\nsion be formed of five judges of the supreme court,\\nfive senators and five representatives to hear the\\nevidence and decide. The decision was rendered\\non the second of March (two days before the in-\\nauguration should take place) in favor of Hayes,\\nthe vote in the electoral college standing, Hayes\\n185, and Tilden 184. In the commission there\\nwere 8 republicans and 7 democrats. Hayes was\\nelected by one majority of electoral vote.\\nWhat is the present population of the United States\\n76,295,220 as furnished by the census bureau,", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 117\\n1900. This includes the population of the\\nHawaiian islands, which is 154,001.\\nWhen were the Hawaiian islands annexed to the\\nUnited States\\nBy act of congress approved July 7, 1898, which\\ntook effect in Hawaii Aug. 12, 1898. By act of\\ncongress April 30, 1900, provision was made for a\\nterritorial government. Mr. Sanford B. Dole,\\nformerly president of the provincial government,\\nwas made governor, June 14, 1900.\\nHow is Porto Rico governed\\nBy act of congress, April 12, 1900, a form of gov-\\nernment similar to the territories was established\\nwith a governor as chief executive, house of dele-\\ngates, commissioners, etc., Proto Rico s interest is\\nrepresented in the United States by a commissioner.\\nFrom how many states have presidents been elected?\\nTen Virginia, Massachusetts, New York, Ten-\\nnessee, Ohio, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Pennsyl-\\nvania, Indiana, Illinois.\\nWhat president was elected by every electoral vote\\nbut one\\nJames Monroe, in 1820.\\nWhat is the United States congress of ipoi\\nThe fifty-seventh.\\nWhat is reciprocity\\nIt is free interchange or equality of commercial\\nprivileges between the the subjects of different\\ngovernments, in each other s ports, with respect to\\nshipping and trading of merchandise to the extent\\nestablished by treaty.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "118 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nFAMILIAR NATIONAL S0N05.\\nWho wrote the hymn u My Country, tis of Thee?\\nDr. Samuel F. Smith, February, 1832.\\nWho wrote the Battle Hymn of the Republic\\nMrs. Julia Ward Howe, December, 1861.\\nWho wrote Marching through Georgia?\\nHenry C. Work, in 1865.\\nWho wrote Hail Columbia?\\nJoseph Hopkinson, in 1798.\\nWho wrote The Star Spangled Banner?\\nFrancis Scott Key, in 1814.\\nWho wrote All Quiet Along the Potomac?\\nEthelinda Eliot Beers, in 1861.\\nWho wrote u Yankee Doodle?\\nThis is disputed, as it is claimed by many nations.\\nWho wrote Tenting on the Old Camp Ground 7\\nWalter Kittridge, in 1862.\\nWho wrote Home y Szveet Home?\\nJohn Howard Payne. He wrote this hymn while\\na wonderer and living in poverty in 1823.\\nWho wrote u Maryland, My Maryland?\\nJames R. Randall, in 1861.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "EASY EESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 119\\nWho I wrote u We are Coming, Father Abraham^\\nThree Hundred Thousand Strong V\\nThe words were written by John Greenleaf\\nWhittier during the war, after Lincoln had issued\\na call for three thousand more men. A. B. Irving\\nset the words to music, and it was sung for the\\nfirst time in Defiance, Ohio, where it was received\\nwith great enthusiasm.\\nWho wrote the three popular war songs, Just Before\\nthe Battle Mother The Battle Cry of Freedom\\nand Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are Marching V\\nMr. Geo. T. Root, Chicago, 111.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "120 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nLiberty and union one and inseparable, now and forever.\\nSTATE NAMES.\\nWhat is the origin of the names of the different states\\nThe names of the Atlantic states are of European\\norigin with the exception of Massachusetts and\\nConnecticut. Most of the other states are of Indian\\nderivation. California and Colorado are taken from\\nthe Spanish.\\nAlabama from the Greek Indian, meaning here\\nwe rest.\\nArkansas is taken from the French arc, a bow,\\nand the Indian word Kansas, smoky waters,\\nmeaning a bow of smoky waters. It is called\\nthe bear state.\\nCalifornia means hot furnace, and on account\\nof the gold is called the Golden State.\\nColorado is from the Spanish and means red, or\\ncolored. The name was first given to the Colorado\\nriver on account of the reddish tint of the water.\\nIt is called the centennial state.\\nConnecticut, from the Indian Quonek-ta-cat,\\nmeaning long river. It is called nutmeg state,\\nthe land of steady habits, or the free stone\\nstate.\\nDelaware was named in honor of Lord De la\\nWar. It is called the diamond state and\\nblue hen state.\\nFlorida means feast of flowers, and is called\\nthe peninsular state.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 121\\nGeorgia, so-called after George II of England,\\nand is known as the empire state of the south.\\nIllinois is from the Indian, meaning A tribe of\\nmen, or manly, and is called the prairie or\\nsucker state.\\nIndiana, named from the Indians, and is called\\nthe hoosier state.\\nIowa, an Indian name, means the sleepy ones.\\nIt is styled the hawk-eye state.\\nKansas, from the Indians, means, smoky\\nwater. It is called the garden of the west.\\nKentucky signifies dark and bloody ground.\\nIt is called the corn cracker state.\\nLouisiana, named after Louis XIV of France, is\\nknown as the u Creole state or pelican state.\\nMaine, was originally called mayneland. It\\nis termed the pine tree state.\\nMaryland was named in honor of Henrietta\\nMaria, Queen of Charles I of England.\\nMassachusetts is from the Massachusetts tribe of\\nIndians, meaning blue hills. It is called the\\nold bay state.\\nMichigan means the lake country and is call-\\ned wolverine state.\\nMinnesota gets its name from the Minnesota\\nRiver, the Indian meaning sky-tinted water.\\nIt is called the gopher state.\\nMississippi, from the river, the Indian Miche\\nSepe, meaning father of waters. It is called\\nthe u bayou state.\\nMissouri, Indian name for river, means muddy\\nwater. It is known as the Pennsylvania of the\\nwest.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "122 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nNebraska from the Indian, means water valley\\nor shallow river.\\nNevada, from the Spanish, means white as\\nsnow, or snow clad. It is called the sage hen\\nstate.\\nNew Hampshire, named by George Mason\\nwhose home was formerly in Hampshire Co., Eng-\\nland. It is called the granite state.\\nNew Jersey was named in honor of Sir George\\nCarterel, one the governors of the Island of Jersey\\nin the British Channel. It is called Jersey blue.\\nNew York was named in honor of the Duke of\\nYork, brother of Charles II. It is called the\\nexcelsior state and the empire state.\\nNorth Carolina, named in honor of Charles II.\\nIt is called the old north state, the tar state,\\nand the turpentine state.\\nOhio, from the Seneca Indians, O hee yuh,\\nmeans beautiful river, and is called the buck-\\neye state.\\nOregon is from the Spanish which means river\\nof the west.\\nPennsylvania means Penn s woods named in\\nhonor of Admiral Penn, father of William Penn.\\nIt is called the keystone state.\\nRhode Island. Authorities differ as to its origin,\\nbut an order was given in 1664 which decreed that\\nthe island of Newport should be named the isle\\nof Rhodes or Rhode Island. The name afterwards\\nextended to the whole state, It is nicknamed\\nlittle Rhody.\\nSouth Carolina, named in honor of King Charles\\nII and is called the palmetto state.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 123\\nTennessee, from the Indian, meaning river of\\nthe big bend, and is called the big bend state.\\nTexas is from the Aztec, meaning north coun-\\ntry. Some hold that Texas is Spanish and means\\n4 friends. It is called the lone star state.\\nVermont, from the French for green mountains,\\nu vert mont, and is called the green mountain\\nstate.\\nVirginia, named in honor of Elizabeth, the\\nvirgin queen of England. It is called the moth-\\ner of states and also the old dominion.\\nWest Virginia formed from the western part of\\nthe old state of Virginia, nicknamed the pan\\nhandle state.\\nWisconsin from Ouisconsin, is the French form\\nof an Indian word which means a wild rushing\\nriver. It is called the badger state.\\nDakota is an Indian word meaning allies.\\nMontana means mountainous.\\nWashington, named after our first president.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "124 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nOUR NEIGHBORING GOVERNMENTS.\\nHEXICAN GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is the form of the Mexican government?\\nThe government of Mexico is modeled after that\\nof the United States.\\nHow is its government divided?\\nInto three great governmental branches.\\nWhat are theyt\\nTheir national departments, the judiciary and\\nthe state governments.\\nIs the management of these departments the same f\\nIt is substantially the same in all.\\nHow is the national government divided\\nLegislative, executive and judicial.\\nHow is the republic of Mexico divided?\\nInto twenty-seven states. The territory of\\nlower California and the federal district.\\nWhat constitutes their national law-making body t\\nThe federal congress (or house) and a federal\\nsenate.\\nHow many members in the senate\\nFifty-two elected by the states in the state legis-\\nlature on the plurality vote.\\nHow many members in the lozver house f\\n227. They are elected by the people on the\\nbasis of the population, one for every 80,000 or a\\nmajor fraction.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 125\\nHow is the president of Mexico elected?\\nBy the people for a term of four years.\\nWho is vice president?\\nThe chief justice is ex-officio vice president.\\nWhat is the capitol?\\nThe city of Mexico, both of the federal districts\\nand the republic.\\nHow is the supreme judiciary chosen\\nBy popular vote for the term of four years.\\nWhat language is spoken f\\nThe Spanish.\\nCANADIAN GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is the form of the Canadian government\\nThe form of government is similar to that of\\ntheir mother country. The constitution is mod-\\neled after the British.\\nHow is the sovereign represented in the dominion\\nBy a governor-general, appointed by the crown.\\nHow long does he hold office\\nDuring the pleasure of the crown. The consti-\\ntution provides for the appointment of a council to\\naid and advise with the governor-general.\\nWhat is this body called f\\nThe queen s privy council. The members repre-\\nsent the majority of the house of commons.\\nWhat constitutes the legislative powers?\\nThey are vested in a senate and house of com-\\nmons.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "126 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow are the senators appointed\\nBy the governor-general for life. A senator\\nmust be thirty years of age and own real and per-\\nsonal property to the amount of four thousand dol-\\nlars above all debts and liabilities.\\nHow many members in the senate\\nThere are 80.\\nHow many members in the house of commons\\nThere are 215. They are elected for a term of\\nfive years.\\nWJiere does the Canadian parliament meet?\\nAt Ottawa.\\nIn the Canadian parliament there are so many\\nFrenchmen that all bills and motions are read in\\nFrench as well as in English.\\nHow is Canada divided?\\nInto seven provinces; Ontario, Quebec, Nova\\nScotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, British Colum-\\nbia, Prince Edwards Island, and its northwest ter-\\nritories.\\nHow are these provinces governed\\nThe governor-general appoints a lieutenant-gov-\\nernor for each province. He holds office during\\nthe pleasure of the governor-general, unless ap-\\npointed after the commencement of the first session\\nof parliament in which case he cannot be removed\\nunder five years without a good reason.\\nDoes a province have a legislature\\nEach province has its own legislature.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 127\\nSTATE GOVERNMENTS.\\nIt is impossible for us to give here the form of\\ngovernments of all the states in detail. All the\\nstate constitutions are similar, and all must be\\nrepublican in form and in harmony with the\\nnational constitution. The difference between the\\nnational and state governments, is, the national\\ngovernment deals with national and exterior affairs,\\nand the state government deals with state, and\\nmunicipal and interior affairs. Each state has a\\ngovernor and state legislature. The duty of the\\ngovernor of the state is similar to that of the pres-\\nident of the United States but his power is limited\\nto the state. The legislature of the states are\\nalmost exactly the same as the national legislature,\\nhaving two houses, and officered the same. The\\nstate governments have the three departments the\\nsame as the national the executive, the legislative\\nand the judicial. James A. Garfield said in speak-\\ning of state governments u It will not be denied\\nthat the state government touches the citizen and\\nhis interests twenty times where the national\\ngovernment touches him once.\\nWe have selected the state of Ohio as an example\\nof our state governments.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "128 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nOHIO.\\nHow did Ohio receive its name f\\nFrom the Indians calling the river that forms\\nthe southeastern boundary O-hee-yuh, which\\nmeans beautiful river.\\nWhen was Ohio admitted into the union\\n^November 29, 1802.\\nWhat was the form of government previous to the\\nadmission\\nIt was a territory under the control of congress.\\nCongress appointed a governor and three judges,\\nwho composed the highest court in the territory.\\nWhere was the first settlement under the authority of\\ncongress f\\nAt Marietta, April, 1788.\\nWhom did congress appoint governor of the territory\\nin ij8j\\nGeneral Arthur St. Clair.\\nWhen was the first territorial legislature chosen f\\nIn 1799. The population had increased so they\\nwere entitled to a legislature.\\nHow was the legislature secured?\\nThe electors elected the members of the house,\\nand these members gave ten names to the president\\nof the United States, and he selected five members\\nas the legislative council.\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Several histories gives the date of the admission February 19, 1803, the time\\nit passed congress, while others give the date November 29, 1802, the day of the\\nadjournment of the convention. The latter date is the date given in the con-\\ngressional record.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 129\\nDid the laws passing the legislature at this time have\\nto be approved by the governor?\\nYes.\\nWas the territory represented in congress\\nYes by a delegate elected by the people.\\nWhen was the constitutional convention called to ask\\nfor admission f\\nIn 1802.\\nWhere did the first general assembly meet?\\nAt Chillicothe, January 11, 1803.\\nWhere did it move to in 1810\\nTo Zanesville.\\nWhen did it move to Columbus\\nIn 1816.\\nWhat is the present capitol of Ohio f\\nColumbus.\\nWhen was the present state house completed?\\nIn 1856. It covers about four and one-half acres\\nof ground.\\nWho was the first governor of Ohio f\\nEdward Tiffin.\\nName the three divisions of the constitution pertaining\\nto our state government\\nLegislative, executive and judicial.\\n10", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "130 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nLEGISLATIVE.\\nWhat does article II in the state constitution provide\\nThe legislative power of this state shall be\\nvested in a general assembly, which shall consist\\nof a senate and house of representatives.\\nThe House of Representatives. How are the mem-\\nbers of the house electedf\\nBy the people.\\nHow is the state divided f\\nInto eighty-eight counties.\\nHow is the basis of representation determi7ied\\nEvery ten years the population of the state is\\ndivided by one hundred, and each county is en-\\ntitled to representative for each ratio. If a county\\nhas a population equaled to one-half the ratio, it\\nis entitled to one representative.\\nWhat is done with the counties where the population\\nis less than one- half the 1 atio\\nIt is placed in a representative district with one\\nof the adjoining counties having the smallest pop-\\nulation.\\nWhen are the members of the house electedf\\nAt the general state election, which is held the\\nfirst Tuesday after the first Monday in November.\\nFor how long a term are the representatives elected f\\nFor two years.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CTVIIi GOVERNMENT. 131\\nHow often are these elections held?\\nEvery two years (the odd numbered years, as\\n1895, 1897, etc.)\\nDoes our legislature meet every year?\\nNo: every two years, unless there are special\\nsessions cabled by the governor.\\nWhen does the legislature convene t\\nThe first Monday of January, at ten A. M., in the\\neven numbered years.\\nHow many members are there in the house f\\nOne hundred and ten in 1900.\\nWhat salary is paid our representatives f\\nSix hundred dollars a year, and twelve cents\\nper mile for traveling expenses.\\nOrganization of the House Who calls the house to\\norder\\nThe secretary of state or the auditor of state.\\nAfter calling the house to order what ts done f\\nThe house then proceeds to elect one of its own\\nmembers as presiding officer.\\nWhat is he called\\nThe speaker of the house.\\nBesides electing the speaker, who else is elected!\\nA speaker pro tempore.\\nIs he a member of the house\\nYes.\\nWhat officers are elected\\nA chief clerk, a messenger clerk, an engrossing\\nclerk, an enrolling clerk, a sergeant-at-arms, three\\nassistant sergeants-at-arms, and pages.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "132 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nAre these members of the house\\nNo.\\nWhat are the duties of those elected\\nTheir duties are- similar to those of same offices\\nin the house of congress.\\nHow are the committees in the house obtained\\nThey are appointed by the speaker.\\nCan the speaker vote on all questions\\nBeing a member of the house he can do so. He\\nalso signs all bills passed. After a bill has passed\\nboth houses, and has been signed by both presiding\\nofficers a copy is sent to the secretary of state to\\nbe preserved. The presenting and passing of bills\\nin the Ohio legislature is similar to that in con-\\ngress. (See congress.)\\nWho fixes the ratio of representation\\nA board consisting of the governor, auditor and\\nsecretary of state.\\nWhat is the basis upon which our representatives are\\nelected\\nThe ratio as fixed in 1891 is one representative\\nfor every 36,724.\\nWhich house has the sole right to institute impeach-\\nments\\nThe house of representatives.\\nThe Senate. How many senatorial districts have\\nwe?\\nThirty-three. Each district has one or more\\ncounties.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 133\\nHow is the ratio of representation in the senate\\nknown\\nThe ratio is ascertained by dividing the popula-\\ntion of the state by thirty-five. As counted in 1891\\nit was 104,924; so, for this ratio the district is en-\\ntitled to a senator.\\nIf a senatorial district has not this full ratio, what is\\ndone\\nThe district is entitled to one senator, if it has\\nthree-fourths this number of inhabitants.\\nWhat is done with districts in which the ratio falls\\nbelow the required ratio\\nIt is attached to the adjoining district which has\\nthe smallest population.\\nHow many senators have we f\\nThirty one (1900.)\\nFor long is a senator elected?\\nFor two years.\\nHow is he elected?\\nBy the electors of the district he represents. He\\nmust have been a resident of the district for at\\nleast one year.\\nWhat salary do senators receive\\nSix hundred dollars per year, and twelve cents\\nper mile for traveling expenses.\\nWho presides in the senate t\\nThe lieutenant governor, by virtue of his office,\\nis president of the senate. He opens the sen-\\nate the first Monday of January at ten o clock a.\\nm., and after appointing a clerk pro tempore the\\nroll of the senatorial districts is called, after which", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "134 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nthe senators presents their credentials of election,\\nand take the oath of office.\\nWhat is then done\\nA speaker pro tempore is elected from among\\nthe senators, who will preside in the absence of\\nthe president.\\nWhat other officials are elected f\\nA chief clerk, a journal clerk, a messenger clerk,\\nan engrossing clerk, an enrolling clerk, a recording\\nclerk, a sergeant-at-arms and four assistant ser-\\ngeants-at-arms.\\nHow are the standing committees obtained\\nThey are elected by the senate.\\nCan the president of the senate vote\\nNot being a member he can vote only when\\nthere is a tie.\\nDoes the president sign all bills passed in both\\nhouses\\nYes.\\nHow are bills headed?\\nBe it enacted by the general assembly of the\\nstate of Ohio. A bill can be passed only by a\\nmajority of all members elected to each house.\\nFor duties of the clerks, pages, committees, etc.,\\npresenting and passage of bills, see congress, page\\n14, as they are similar.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CTVIE GOVERNMENT. 135\\nTHE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.\\nWhat provision does the constitution make for the\\nexecutive department of the state\\nThat, the executive department shall consist\\nof governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state,\\nauditor of state and an attorney general, who shall\\nbe elected on the first Tuesday after the first Mon-\\nday of November by the electors of the state, and\\nat the places of voting for members of the general\\nassembly.\\nWhat other offices, whose incumbents are elected\\nby the people, have been created by the general as-\\nsembly\\nThe offices of commissioner of common schools,\\nmembers of the board of public works and the food\\nand dairy commission, There are other offices in\\nthe state, but they are appointive.\\nWhen do the officers mentioned in the constitution\\nenter upon their official duties f\\nThe second Monday in January after their elec-\\ntion.\\nFor how long are they elected?\\nFor a term of two years, except the auditor, who\\nserves for four years. The governor, lieutenant\\ngovernor, auditor, treasurer and attorney general\\nare chosen in the odd-numbered years, and the\\nsecretary of state in the even-numbered years.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "136 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe Governor. The constitution says the su-\\npreme executive power of the state shall be vested\\nin the governor.\\nHow is he elected\\nBy the electors of the state.\\nFor how long a time is he elected?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat salary does he receive f\\nBight thousand dollars.\\nWhat are his powers and duties f\\nHis duties are to see that the laws are faithfully\\nexecuted. He shall communicate at every ses-\\nsion by message to the general assembly the con-\\ndition of the state and recommend such measures\\nas he shall deem expedient. He can call extra\\nsessions of the general assembly on extraordinary\\noccasions. He is commander-in-chief of the mili-\\ntary and naval forces of the state, except when\\nthey are called into the service of the United\\nStates. He commissions all officers of the militia\\nand appoints his own staff. He has the power,\\nafter conviction, to grant reprieves, commutations\\nand pardons for all crimes and offenses, except\\ntreason, and in cases of impeachment. He can\\nonly grant pardons after the board of pardons have\\nreported on the case. He can adjourn the general\\nassembly, if both houses disagree upon an adjourn-\\nment. He is the custodian of the seal of the state\\nand affixes it to all grants and commissions issued\\nin the name of the state, and all other documents\\nas required by law. A general record of all official\\nacts, proceedings and appointments are kept in the\\ngovernor s office.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 137\\nIn case of vacancies in the offices of auditor, treas-\\nurer, secretary of state or attorney general^ how is\\nthe office filled t\\nBy appointment from the governor.\\nHas the governor the veto power\\nNo Ohio is one of the four states in which the\\ngovernor is not vested with this power.\\nWhat are the other three states\\nRhode Island, Delaware and North Carolina.\\nIf the governor s office is vacant, or he is unable to\\nperform his duties, who fills the office\\nThe lieutenant governor.\\nWhat salary does the lieutenant governor receive?\\nEight hundred dollars per year.\\nThe Secretary of State. For how long is the secre-\\ntary of state chosen\\nFor two years.\\nWhat bond must he give f\\n#100,000.\\nWhat are his duties\\nHe is the custodian of the official copies of all\\nlaws and resolutions that have been passed by the\\nlegislature, and of all reports of the executive and\\n-judicial departments. He, also, must see that cor-\\nrect copies are prepared for publication, and he\\ndistributes them as provided by law. All statis-\\ntics collected and reported by township assessors,\\nschool directors and prosecuting attorneys are kept\\nby him and from these he publishes, annually, the\\nstatistics concerning the public and business inter-\\nests of the state. He, also, provides the seals of", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "138 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\noffice which the governor, judges and all other offi-\\ncers are required by law to use. He is the state\\nsealer of weights and measures. All articles of in-\\ncorporation for associations and societies must be\\nfiled in his office. He provides these forms of in-\\ncorporation. He is supervisor of elections, and\\nfurnishes to each county and voting district in the\\nstate, ballots to be used in state elections, and after\\nthe elections he publishes the returns. All com-\\nmissions issued by the governor are signed by him.\\nHe purchases and distributes all official stationery\\nfor the use of state officers and members of the leg-\\nislature.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\n#4,000 per year.\\nThe Auditor of State. For how long a time is the\\nauditor of state chosen f\\nFor four years.\\nWhat bond is he required to give t\\n#20,000.\\nWhat are Ms duties f\\nHe is the bookkeeper of the state. He must\\nkeep a full account of all financial transactions of\\nthe state government. Money can only be paid\\nout of the state treasury by an order from him.\\nHe must examine the condition of the state treas-\\nury quarterly and report to the governor.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\n$3,000 per year.\\nThe Treasurer of State. For how long a time is\\nthe treasurer of the state chosen\\nFor two years.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 139\\nWhat is he required to do before entering upon his\\nofficial duties\\nTo give a bond acceptable to the governor in\\nthe sum of $600,000. He receives and pays out\\nthe money for the state upon orders issued by the\\nauditor of state. He publishes monthly statements\\nof the condition of the treasury and makes annual\\nreports of all money received and paid out.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\n$3,000 per year.\\nThe Attorney General. For how long a time is the\\nattorney general elected\\nFor two years.\\nWhat bond must he give\\n$5,000.\\nWhat are his duties t\\nHe is the legal adviser of all the executive offi-\\ncers of the state, and of the directors of the state\\npublic institutions and of the questions submitted\\nto the state legislature. He is also the prosecut-\\ning attorney of all the counties. That is, he pro-\\nsecutes cases in the supreme court in which the\\nstate is a party. He represents the state in the\\nlower courts when required to do so by the gover-\\nnor. When required by the governor, state legis-\\nlature or other proper authority, he brings suit\\nagainst state officers for not doing their duty.\\nWhat salary does he receive t\\nHis salary is $1,500, and fees amounting to about\\n$1,500.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "140 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe Commissioner of Public Schools. For how\\nlong a time is the commissioner of public schools\\nelected?\\nFor a term of three years.\\nWhat bond does he give\\n$5,000.\\nWhen does he enter upon his official duties t\\nThe second Monday in July following his elec-\\ntion.\\nWhat are his duties t\\nHe is required by law to visit annually each ju-\\ndicial district in the state, and confer with boards\\nof education, encourage teachers institutes, counsel\\nteachers, visit schools, etc., etc. He represents to\\nthe legislature the condition and needs of the com-\\nmon schools of the state.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\n$2,000 per year and traveling expenses.\\nThe Board of Public Works. How many mem-\\nbers constitute the board of public works\\nThere are three. One is elected every year, and\\nthey serve for a term of three years.\\nWhat great enterpise has been accomplished\\nthrough this board?\\nTwo great canals have been built. One from\\nCleveland to Portsmouth, and one from Toledo to\\nCincinnati. These canals are under their super-\\nvision. They fix the toll rates and appoint toll\\ncollectors and lock tenders. The chief engineer\\nis appointed by the governor.\\nWhat bond is required of each member\\n$30,000.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIE GOVERNMENT. 141\\nJlinor Executive Officers. There are a great\\nmany minor officers and boards, appointed by the\\ngovernor, with the consent of the senate, such as a\\nboard of pardons, consisting of four members;\\nboard of school examiners, five members, serving\\nfive years state board of agriculture, twelve mem-\\nbers, and serving two years. Of agricultural ex-\\nperiment stations there are three members, serving\\nthree years, and of the forestry bureau there are\\nthree members, serving six years. The commis-\\nsioner of labor statistics serves two years. The\\nboard of state charities is composed* of the gover-\\nnor and seven other members appointed by him,\\nto serve three years. A commissioner of railroads\\nand telegraphs, serving two years; canal commis-\\nsioners, serving two years a board of pharmacy, five\\nmembers, serving eight years; a state geologist\\ncommissioners of public printing, the secretary of\\nstate, the auditor of state and the attorney general\\ncommissioners of sinking fund are also the secretary\\nof state, the auditor of state and attorney general a\\nboard of arbitration, three members, serving three\\nyears a board of dental examiners, five members,\\nserving three years a free employment bureau, five\\nsuperintendents, serving two years inspector of\\nmines, one chief inspector, serving four years, and\\nseven assistant inspectors, serving three years; in-\\nspector of work shops and factories, one chief in-\\nspector,serving four years,and eleven district inspec-\\ntors, serving three years supervisor of public print-\\ning and binding, two years state library, the gover-\\nnor, secretary of state and the state librarian the\\nstate librarian, serving two years; live stock commis-\\nsioners, three members, serving three years. The", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "142 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ndairy food commissioner, since 1891, has been an\\nelective instead of an appointive office elected for\\ntwo years. The superintendent of insurance and\\ninspector of buildings and loan associations serves\\nthree years inspector of oils, two state inspectors,\\nserving two years, and thirty deputies, serving\\ntwo years state board of veterinary examiners,\\nthree members, serving six years meteorological\\nbureau, three members. (Some of the members of\\nthese department executives of the state are ex-\\nofficio members).\\nHow are our state institutions controlled t\\nBy a state board of control.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVEBNMENT. 143\\nTHE JUDICIARY,\\nWhat is meant by the judiciary department\\nThe constitution says: The judicial power of\\nthe state shall be vested in a supreme court, circuit\\ncourts, courts of common pleas, courts of probate,\\njustices of the peace and such other courts, inferior\\nto the supreme court, as the general assembly may\\nfrom time to time establish.\\nWhat is the duty of the legislative department\\nTo make laws, and it is the duty of the judiciary\\nto interpret them and to declare what is and what is\\nnot constitutional law. And in order to have this\\ndone the judicial department consists of a system\\nof courts.\\nWhat is a court\\nIt is an organized tribunal established to admin-\\nister the laws for the people. These courts are\\ncomposed of one or more judges.\\nHow are the cases brought for trial?\\nBy attorneys. The clerks of the courts must\\nrecord the acts and decisions.\\nWhat is a case before the court called?\\nA suit or law suit. They are either civil or\\ncriminal.\\nThe court proper is composed of how many classes\\nof judges\\nTwo the judge and jury.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "144 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL, GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat is a jury?\\nA number of men secured according to law to\\ninquire into and to determine the facts concerning\\na case submitted to them, and to render a decision\\nupon the evidence stated. When a case is heard\\nbefore a jury, the court, or judge, states to the jury\\nthe law relating to the case. This is called charg-\\ning the jury. The jury then is to find a verdict in\\nharmony with the facts and law.\\nWhat classes of jury have we\\nThe grand jury and the petit jury.\\nWhat is a civil case\\nA suit brought to recover a debt, damages or to\\nsecure civil rights. Civil cases are brought by the\\ninjured person or persons.\\nWhat is a criminal suit\\nA criminal suit is brought to convict a person\\nof crime. In criminal cases the suit is brought in\\nby the state, represented by officers chosen, the\\nofficers being the grand jurors and the prosecuting\\nattorney.\\nHow are juries secured?\\nThe statutes declare that at the first term of\\neach year the common pleas court of each county\\nshall determine the number of persons necessary\\nto be selected from each county annually to serve\\nas petit jurors and grand jurors in the various\\ncourts of the county.\\nWho appoints the number determined upon among\\nthe township and city wards\\nThe clerk of the court.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIE GOVERNMENT. 145\\nWhen is the appointment of these persons made\\nOn election day the township trustees and city\\ncouncilmen select the required number of persons,\\nand the selections are reported to the clerk ot the\\ncourt.\\nWhat is then done\\nThe clerk writes the names on separate pieces\\nof paper and drops them into a box provided for\\nthat purpose. The number in the box is always\\nin excess of the number of jurors required.\\nWhen are the names drawn out f\\nAt a certain time before each term of court\\nthe clerk opens and draws from the box, in the\\npresence of the sheriff, twenty-seven names.\\nHow are these to be divided?\\nFifteen for grand jurors and twelve for petit\\njurors.\\nWho summons the persons thus selected\\nThe sheriff.\\nAt the beginning of the trial the parties, through\\ntheir attorneys, may question the jurors thus se-\\nlected, and if any objections are found they are\\nexcused and the sheriff summons some by-stander\\nto take his place.\\nWhat compensation do jurors and witnesses re-\\nceive t\\nJurors in common pleas courts receive $2.00 per\\nday. Witnesses receive one dollar per day and\\nfive cents per mile each way. If there is a jury in\\nthe justice of the peace court trial they are paid\\nseventy-five cents per day each, and the witnesses\\nare paid fifty cents per day.\\n11", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "146 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe Trial. What is the party bringing the suit\\ncalled?\\nThe plaintiff.\\nThe patty against whom the suit is brought is called\\nwhat\\nThe defendant.\\nWho presents the case to the court\\nThe attorneys employed by both parties, unless\\nit is a case where the state is the plaintiff, such as\\ncriminal cases. Then the prosecuting attorney\\nrepresents the interests of the state.\\nDescribe a trial by jury.\\nThe statutes provide as follows A jury is se-\\ncured and sworn in. Then the plaintiff states his\\nclaim and briefly states the evidence by which he\\nexpects to sustain it. The defendant then briefly\\nstates his defense and the evidence he expects to\\noffer in support of it. Witnesses of the plaintiff\\nare sworn in and examined by the counsel for the\\nplaintiff, after which they may be cross-examined\\nby the counsel of the defendant. The counsel of\\nthe defendant presents his witnesses, each one is\\nexamined, then both the plaintiff and the defend-\\nant presents to the jury arguments in favor of their\\nside of the question, and the judge of the court\\ninstructs the jurors, after interpreting the law as\\napplied to the case, and the jurors retire.\\nThe jurors must be kept together in some con-\\nvenient place under the charge of an officer, until\\nthey agree upon a verdict, or are discharged by\\nthe court, subject to the discretion of the court to\\npermit them to separate temporarily at meals.\\nThe officer having them in charge shall not suffer", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 147\\nany communication to be made to them or make\\nany himself except to ask them if they have\\nagreed upon their verdict, unless order of the\\ncourt.\\nWhat is done if the jury disagrees\\nThe judge dismisses the case and it stands as if\\nit had not been tried.\\nIf they agree and a verdict is returned, what is done f\\nThe verdict is reduced to writing and signed by\\nthe foreman the jurors are then taken to the court\\nroom, their names called by the clerk, and the ver-\\ndict rendered by the foreman, then the clerk reads\\nthe verdict to the jury and inquires whether it is\\ntheir verdict. If it is a civil case the judge orders\\nthe sheriff to enforce the verdict. If it is a crimi-\\nnal case the judge pronounces sentences against\\nthe accused and directs the sheriff to carry it into\\neffect.\\nWhat is the highest court in the state\\nThe supreme court.\\nHow many judges has it\\nSix, one elected each year, and who serves a\\nterm of six years.\\nWhen does their term begin\\nIn February next after their election.\\nWho is the chief justice\\nEach year the judge whose term of office has\\nmost nearly expired becomes the chief justice of\\nthe state.\\nWhat is the salary of the judges of the supreme\\ncourt\\n$4, 000 a year.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "148 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhen does the term of the supreme court open\\nIn January, beginning the Tuesday after the\\nfirst Monday.\\nWhere is it held\\nIn Columbus.\\nWhat number is necessary to render a decision\\nA majority.\\nHow is the clerk of the supreme court elected?\\nBy the people of the state, for a term of three\\nyears.\\nWhat is done if a case is brought from a lower court\\nand the supreme court is evenly divided\\nThe decision of the lower court is regarded as\\nfinal.\\nWhat is meant by the jurisdiction of the supreme\\ncourt\\nIt means that it has power to hear and examine\\ncases. It is both original and appellate.\\nWhat is meant by original\\nThat a case or suit must begin in that court.\\nWhat is meant by appellate jurisdiction\\nWhen a case is carried up from a lower to a\\nhigher court, for the sake of having the decision of\\nthe lower court re-examined.\\nDoes the supreme court have a jury\\nNo and no new evidence as to the facts in the\\ncase is admitted. The supreme court either\\naffirms the decision of the lower court, modifies or\\nreverses it, or sends the case back to be tried again.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 149\\nIs the decision of the state supreme court final\\nYes except where the constitution and laws of\\nthe United States are involved. In such cases an\\nappeal may be taken to the United States supreme\\ncourt.\\nAre all decisions published?\\nYes the court has a reporter who prepares the\\ndecisions for publication.\\nThe Circuit Court. How is the state divided?\\nThe counties of the state are grouped into eight\\njudicial circuits, with one circuit court in each.\\nHow many judges in each circuit?\\nThree one elected biennially for a term of six\\nyears. They are elected by the voters. The\\ncircuit courts have both appellate and original\\njurisdiction. The main work of the circuit court\\nis the rehearing of the cases on appeals or errors\\nfrom the next lower court.\\nHoiv many terms of court are held a year?\\nThere must be two terms of court held every\\nyear in each county.\\nHow are the terms fixed?\\nThe third Tuesday of September the circuit\\njudges meet at Columbus and fix the time for the\\ncourt to meet in each county, and the clerks of the\\ncourts are thus informed. This order is recorded\\nand published in the newspapers.\\nWhat salaries do these judges receive?\\n#4,000 a year.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "150 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe Courts of Common Pleas. How many com-\\nmon pleas districts are there in the state\\nThe state is divided into ten common pleas dis-\\ntricts, and if they contain three or more counties\\nthey are divided into three sub-divisions each.\\nHow are the jndges elected\\nBy the sub-districts, the number being fixed by\\nlaw.\\nHow long do they serve t\\nFor a term of five years.\\nHas this court original and appellate jurisdiction!\\nYes a great many cases of importance begin\\nhere, and cases are appealed from lower courts to\\nthis.\\nHow many terms are held each year?\\nThere must be at least three sessions held in\\neach county every year.\\nWhat salaries do these judges receive\\n$2,500 a year each, except where the legislature\\nauthorizes an extra salary in some districts where\\nthe work is very heavy. The extra salaries are\\npaid by the county. In Hamilton county the\\njudges receive $6,000 and in Cuyahoga county\\n$5,000.\\nThe Justice of the Peace and the flunicipal\\nCourts. How are justices of the peace elected?\\nBy the electors in the township in which they\\nlive. The state is divided into townships and\\neach township has one or more justices of the\\npeace.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 151\\nWhat authority has a justice of the peace f\\nTo try civil cases involving small amounts. He\\ncan cause the arrest of persons suspected of com-\\nmitting crime, and if guilty either have them sent\\nto jail or put under bond for their appearance in\\nthe next term of the court of common pleas.\\nWhat is the lowest of all the courts\\nThat which is held by the justice of the peace.\\nHe tries many cases of petty offenses.\\nHas the justice of the peace any authority outside of\\nthe township in which he is elected?\\nNo.\\nFor hozv long a term are justices of the peace electedt\\nThree years.\\nWhat courts besides these are held in cities and vil-\\nlages?\\nMayor s or police courts, where persons are tried\\nfor petty offenses.\\nWhat provision does the constitution make for pro-\\nbate courts\\nThe constitution says: The probate court shall\\nhave jurisdiction in probate and testamentary mat-\\nters, the appointment of administrators and guar-\\ndians, the settlement of the accounts of executors,\\nadministrators and guardians, and such jurisdic-\\ntion in habeas corpus, and the issuing of marriage\\nlicenses, and for sale of land by executors, admin-\\nistrators and guardians, and such other jurisdic-\\ntion, in any county or counties, as may be pro-\\nvided by law.\\nHow many probate courts have we in the state\\nEighty-eight. One in each county.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "152 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow many probate judges have we\\nEighty-eight. One for each county. They are\\nelected for a term of three years.\\nWhat special act passed the state legislature in\\nMarch, 1896?\\nAn act creating for Cuyahoga county a court of\\ninsolvency, with a judge elected for five years, and\\nwho receives the same salary as the probate judge\\nof the county, $5,000.\\nThe Militia. What is the state militia\\nIt is a military organization of the state.\\nWhat provision does the constitution make per-\\ntaining to the militia\\nThat all white male citizens, residents of this\\nstate, being eighteen years of age, and under the\\nage of forty-five years, shall be enrolled in the\\nmilitia, and perform military duty, in such man-\\nner, not incompatible with the constitution and\\nlaws of the United States, as may be prescribed by\\nlaw.\\nWhat does the above statute mean\\nThat although all persons are enrolled, they are\\nonly liable to be pressed into service in case of\\nwar.\\nHave we an organized militia in the state\\nYes; the Ohio national guards, composed of vol-\\nunteers of military age, enlisting for five years.\\nWho are exempt from this law\\nIdiots, lunatics, convicts and persons whose\\nreligious faith prevent them from going to war or\\ncarrying arms.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 153\\nWho is commander of the state military forces\\nThe governor, except when they are called out\\nin the United States service.\\nWhat appointments for the militia are made by\\nthe governor t\\nThe adjutant general, quartermaster-general and\\nsuch other officers as are provided for by law.\\nWho is the chief of the governors staff?\\nThe adjutant general.\\nState Institutions. What of the state institutions t\\nOhio has a great many state institutions, such as\\neducational, penal, reformatory and institutions\\nfor the unfortunate.\\nHow are these institutions supported f\\nBy the state.\\nHow are the appointments of these institutions\\nmade\\nBy the trustees, and confirmed by the governor.\\nEducation. What provision does the state consti-\\ntution make for our public schools\\nIt says The general assembly shall make\\nsuch provision by taxation and otherwise, as, with\\nthe income arising from the school trust fund, will\\nsecure a thorough and effective system of common\\nschools throughout the state but no religious or\\nother sect, or sects, shall ever have any exclusive\\nright to, and control of, any part of the school\\nfunds of the state.\\nHow is the state divided t\\nInto small school districts, so that all may have\\nthe advantage of the free public schools.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "154 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHow is the money raised to support our public\\nschools t\\nBy tax, mostly.\\nWho is the official head of the public schools of the\\nstate\\nThe state commissioner of common schools.\\nWhen was, the law passed granting woman suffrage\\nin school elections\\nIn 1894.\\nIncorporations. What is meant by incorporations t\\nIt means the binding together, or uniting in one\\nbody.\\nWhat are the first steps to incorporate\\nThe statutes say Any number of persons, not\\nless than five/a majority of whom are citizens of\\nthis state, desiring to become incorporated, shall\\nsubscribe and acknowledge, before an officer au-\\nthorized to take acknowledgments of deeds, articles\\nof incorporation, the form of which shall be pre-\\nscribed by the secretary of state.\\nWhat must these articles contain if for profit?\\nFirst, the name of the corporation second,\\nwhere the corporation is to be located third, the\\npurpose of said corporation, and the number of\\nshares into which the stock is divided.\\nIf it is for non-profit what do the articles contain\\nFirst, the name of the association second,\\nwhere located or place of principal business,\\ntogether with the names and residences of the\\nprincipal officers third, the purpose of the incor-\\nporation.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 155\\nWhat is then done\\nA charter is issued to the persons named in the\\napplication for the incorporation.\\nElections. What is meant by an elector\\nEvery male citizen of the United States of the\\nage of twenty-one years and women when they\\nvote.\\nHow long must they be residents of the state\\nOne year, and thirty days in county and in the\\ntownship, village or ward, twenty days.\\nWho are prohibited by the constitution from voting t\\nPersons convicted of bribery, perjury, crime\\nalso idiots and insane people.\\nCan women vote in Ohio\\nOnly on the school question.\\nHow are the candidates for office nominated\\nBy the political parties at nominating conven-\\ntions, and at the primaries.\\nWhat are primaries f\\nBy primaries is meant the meetings of the\\nmembers of a political party in a district or pre-\\ncinct to nominate candidates for office or to elect\\ndelegates to a convention. The law prescribes\\nhow the primaries shall be held and the commit-\\ntees of the party fixes the dates.\\nWhat is a nominating convention\\nA convention of chosen delegates to nominate\\ncandidates.\\nHow are candidates chosen?\\nSometimes in primaries and sometimes in con-\\nventions. County officers are chosen usually at a", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "156 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ndelegated convention delegates chosen in pri-\\nmaries in the township and in city wards.\\nHow are the state officers chosen f\\nBy a delegated convention composed of dele-\\ngates chosen from the counties.\\nHow are the state senators nominated\\nBy senatorial district conventions composed of\\ndelegates.\\nHow is the president and vice-president of the United\\nStates nominated f\\nBy a nominating convention of delegates from\\nthe states.\\nTo how many delegates is each state entitled in a\\nnational convention\\nTo twice as many delegates as it has members\\nin congress. Ohio is entitled to forty-six dele-\\ngates.\\nHow are the delegates elected?\\nFour are elected at the state convention and are\\ncalled delegates-at-large, and the others are elected\\nby the congressional conventions in the state.\\nAre the territories represented in national conven-\\ntions\\nUsually two or more are admitted from each\\nterritory.\\nWho is at the head of the elections in the state\\nThe state supervisor of elections.\\nWho is this?\\nBy virtue of his office the secretary of state.\\nHe controls all elections except for school directors\\nand road supervisors.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL. GOVERNMENT. 157\\nWho appoints the county board of deputy state super-\\nvisors f\\nThe state supervisor of elections appoints for\\neach county four members as the board of elec-\\ntions. They are appointed on or before the first\\nMonday of August, two biennially and for a term\\nof four years.\\nWhen do these deputy supervisors meet and organize\\nThey meet at the county commissioners office\\nat least thirty days before the November election,\\nand choose one of the members for clerk and one\\nfor president.\\nWhat are the duties of these deputies f\\nThey must appoint, annually, judges and clerks\\nof elections for every voting precinct. The law\\nrequires that they shall advertise and let the\\nprinting of ballots, cards of instruction and other\\nrequired books and papers to be printed by the\\ncounty. They see that each precinct is provided\\nwith ballots, also poll books, tallysheets and other\\nrequired books and papers belonging to each\\npolling place. They must, also, see that suitable\\npolling places are provided for the voters accord-\\ning to law.\\nCan a person who is a candidate serve as a judge or\\nclerk of elections f\\nNo.\\nHow many officers are required at each election pre-\\ncinct?\\nThe board of deputy state supervisors, at least\\nten days before the election, appoints for each\\nprecinct four judges and two clerks, (except in", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "158 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\ncities where the voters must register where they\\nare appointed by the city board of elections.)\\nThere cannot be more than two judges and one\\nclerk belonging to the same political party.\\nDo all judges and clerks have to take the oath of\\noffice?\\nYes.\\nCan a judge or clerk challenge a voter as to his right\\nto vote\\nYes.\\nWhat are the duties of the judges and clerks?\\nThey, on the day of election, receive and count\\nthe ballots and send in the returns.\\nWhat compensation do these judges receive?\\nFor meeting the county board, receiving the\\nballots, blanks, and papers to hold an election, the\\npresiding judge receives two dollars, and, also, five\\ncents per mile traveling to and from the county\\nseat; and those carrying in the returns receive the\\nsame. The judges and clerks of elections receive\\nthree dollars for each day. For compensation\\nof judges and clerks in cities of the first and sec-\\nond class see revised statutes.\\nRegistration of Voters. What is required of cities\\nof the first and second class?\\nThe electors must register annually before the\\nNovember election.\\nHow is this done?\\nThe board of elections appoint two of the judges\\nof each precinct of different parties, and on certain\\ndays electors must register to be entitled to vote.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIIi GOVERNMENT. 159\\nNotice of Election. What is required of the sher-\\niff of each county before election?\\nFifteen days before the November election he\\nissues a proclamation throughout the county, of\\nthe time, and place of holding the election and\\nofficers to be voted for.\\nHow is this done?\\nHe is required to post copies of his proclamation\\nat the polling places and publish it in the news-\\npaper.\\nHow are municipal elections announced?\\nIn a similar way only by the mayor instead of\\nthe sheriff.\\nHow are the township elections announced?\\nBy the trustees, the constable posting the no-\\ntices in the polling places.\\nWhen is the state and county election day for electing\\nmembers of congress, the president, and all state and\\ncounty officers?\\nThe first Tuesday after the first Monday in No-\\nvember.\\nWhen are the township and municipal officers elected^.\\nThe first Monday in April.\\nAustralian Ballot. What is our present system of\\nvoting f\\nThe Australian and is known to us as the Austra-\\nlian Ballot. It was first used in Australia in 1857.\\nWhen was it first used in this coimtry\\nIn 1888 it was used in St. Louis, Mo., and in\\nsome places in Massachusetts.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "160 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nHave all the states adopted this system of voting f\\nNearly all.\\nWhat advantage has the present system over the\\nold way of voting\\nNow every voter can deposit a secret ballot and\\nhe avoids intimidation.\\nAt what hour on election day are the polls declared\\nopen?\\nAt 5:30 a. m. (standard time) the presiding judge\\nof election declares the polls open and at 5:30 p. m.\\nthey are closed except in Cincinnati where they\\nare closed at 4 p. m.\\nHow are the voting places arranged?\\nThe law requires the room in which the elec-\\ntion is to be held to be divided into two parts by a\\nrailing. One place for the election officers and the\\nballot box and the other is made into closets called\\nvoting booths.\\nWhat is the first thing an elector does upon enter-\\ning the voting place\\nHe gives his name and address to the officer\\nand if his name is on the register s or assessor s\\nbook he is given an official ballot.\\nWhat is on the ballot?\\nThe names of the candidates of all the different\\nparties. These are arranged in separate columns.\\nNo ballots but those prepared and provided by\\nlaw can be used.\\nWhat does the elector do next\\nHe retires to one of the voting booths and, in\\nprivate, prepares his ballot.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "EASY EESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 161\\nCan two persons occupy the same booth at the\\nsame timet\\nNo.\\nHow long is he allowed to prepare his ballot\\nFive minutes.\\nWith what must all marks be made\\nWith a black lead pencil.\\nIf the elector spoils the first ballot what ca?i he do f\\nSecure others, one at a time, until he has had\\nthree.\\nWhat becomes of the soiled ballots\\nThey are delivered to the officers and immedi-\\nately destroyed.\\nIf the elector is imable to mark his own ballot what\\ncan he do\\nAsk for assistance. Then two judges of differ-\\nent political parties help him mark it or mark it\\nfor him.\\nIf the elector wants to vote i( a straigJit ticket, {that\\nis for every candidate of his political party,) how does\\nhe mark his ballot?\\nHe makes a cross (x) within the circle at the\\nhead of the column containing the names of all the\\ncandidates of his party.\\nIf he wishes to vote a u mixed ticket or for only a\\npart of the ticket how does he mark Ids ballot f\\nHe makes a cross (x) opposite the names of the\\ncandidates for whom he wishes to vote.\\n12", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "162 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nIf the elector wishes to vote for any person whose\\nname does not appear on the ticket can he do so f\\nYes, by filling in the blank space which is left\\non the ticket for that purpose.\\nWhat then is done with the ballots\\nBefore leaving the booth the elector folds his\\nballot so as not to display the marks thereon. The\\nballot is then given to one of the election officers\\nwho detaches the secondary stub bearing the elec-\\ntor s registered number or name, and deposits the\\nballot in the ballot box. The secondary stubs are\\npreserved until the polls are closed and then they\\nare destroyed, before the ballot box is opened, to-\\ngether with the unused ballots.\\nWhat is next done?\\nThe judges and clerks must then certify on the\\npoll books the number of electors entered and\\nvoted. The presiding judge then proclaims in a\\nloud voice outside the polling room the number of\\nvotes so shown on the poll books.\\nWhat is then done\\nIf it is a registered precinct they are checked off\\non the duplicate registers. The ballot box is then\\nopened and all the ballots are first counted by the\\njudges.\\nWhat is done if there are more ballots in the box\\nthan the number entered in the poll-books\\nOne of the judges, with his back to the ballot\\nbox, and without seeing, draws out and destroys\\nthe number equal to the excess.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "EASY EESSOXS IX CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 163\\nHow are the ballots counted?\\nOne of the judges takes the ballots from the box,\\none at a time and reads aloud, while the ballot is\\nin his hand, all the names on the ballot. He then\\nhands it to the other judges for inspection.\\nWho keeps the tally sheet?\\nThe clerks.\\nAfter all ballots have been counted what is done\\nThe tally-sheets are signed by the judges and\\nclerks and returns are made to the proper officers\\nas required by law.\\nWhat is done with the ballots after they have been\\ncounted\\nThey are burned by the judges.\\nThe County. How is the state of Ohio divided\\nInto sub-divisions, called counties.\\nHow many comities have we\\nEighty-eight.\\nWhat is the county seat of a county\\nIt is where the court house is located and the\\nimportant official business of the county is trans-\\nacted.\\nWhat are the county officers\\nCommissioners, auditor, treasurer, recorder, sur-\\nveyor, infirmary directors, clerk of courts, sheriff,\\ncoroner, prosecuting attorney and probate judge.\\nWhen does the election of these officers take place\\nThe constitution says County officers shall be\\nelected on the first Tuesday after the first Monday\\nin November by the electors of each county in", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "164 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nsuch manntr, and for such term, not exceeding\\nthree years, as may be provided by law.\\nWhen these officers are elected, what are they\\nrequired to do\\nTo take the oath of office and give bond.\\nWho gives them a certificate of election\\nThe governor.\\nThe County Commissioners. How many commis-\\nsioners has each county\\nThree one member being chosen each year,\\nand the term of office is for three years.\\nHow often are they required to meet\\nOnce in three months at the county seat.\\nWhat are their duties}\\nTo look after the condition of our roads and\\nditches and build and repair bridges. They have\\nsupervision of county property. They are required\\nto furnish and maintain a court house, a jail, an\\ninfirmary, and furnish offices for the county offi-\\ncers. They must let the contracts for the erection\\nof county buildings, furnishings, repairs, etc. It\\nis their duty to make the levy of taxes for the\\nsupport of the county.\\nWhat salaries do county commissioners receive?\\nIn most counties they receive $3.00 per day for\\nworking days, but in some counties there is a\\nfixed annual salary.\\nWho is the secretary of the board t\\nThe county auditor.\\nWhat bond are the commissioners required to give?\\nNot less than $5,000.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 165\\nThe Treasurer. How is the treasurer elected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of two years.\\nWhat are his duties\\nHe collects all taxes and pays out the money\\nfrom the county treasury. If tax payers do not\\npay their taxes he causes the property to be ad-\\nvertised and sold at public sale for same. He\\nmust keep his accounts open to the inspection of\\nthe commissioners.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\nIt is not the same in all counties, audit depends\\nupon the amount of taxes collected, as he gets a\\npercentage.\\nWhat bond must he give f\\nThis is directed by the county commissioners.\\nThe County Auditor. How is the county auditor\\nelected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of three years.\\nWhat are his duties t\\nHe is the bookkeeper of the county, and must\\nkeep the account of all money received and paid\\nout by the county treasurer. Money can only be\\npaid out of the treasury by warrants issued by the\\nauditor. He must make a list of all taxable prop-\\nerty in the county, as furnished by the assessors.\\nHe must furnish county treasurers duplicate tax\\nlists. By virtue of his office he is the county sealer\\nof weights and measures. The auditor and\\ntreasurer must make settlements twice a year.\\nWhat bond does he give\\nNot less than #5,000.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "166 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe Recorder. How is the recorder elected\\nBy electors of the county, for a term of three\\nyears.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe must keep the official copies of all legal\\npapers pertaining to the transfer of houses and\\nlands. He records mortgages, looks after the titles\\nof land, and when land is sold the deeds are re-\\ncorded by him at the county seat.\\nDoes he receive a stated salary\\nNo he is paid by those transacting business\\nwith him, who have papers recorded.\\nWhat bond is he required to give\\n$2,500.\\nThe County Surveyor. How is the county sur-\\nveyor elected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of three years.\\nWhat are his duties\\nHe must make all surveys of lands when the\\nboundaries are disputed in court, unless the parties\\nor court agree upon someone else. He must\\nsurvey all lands that are sold for taxes. County\\nroads, ditches and bridges, etc., are surveyed by\\nhim.\\nWhat bond is he required to give\\nTwo thousand dollars, with two or more secur-\\nities to the satisfaction of the county commission-\\ners.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\nHe receives as salary whatever is ordered by the\\ncounty commissioners for his work.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 167\\nThe Infirmary Directors. How are the infirmary\\ndirectors elected?\\nIn counties where they have infirmaries, or\\ncounty poor houses supported by the county, the\\nelectors of the county elect three directors, one\\neach year, to serve a term of three years.\\nWhat are the duties of these directors\\nTo look after the general management of the\\ninfirmary. To appoint a superintendent and fix\\nhis salary. They usually admit paupers to the\\ninfirmary upon information of the trustees of the\\ntownship. The directors make the rules that\\ngovern the institution. They must make semi-\\nannual reports to the county commissioners.\\nWhat salary do they receive\\nTwo dollars and fifty cents for every day devot-\\ned to official work.\\nWhat bond do they give f\\nNot less than \u00c2\u00a32,000, nor more than \u00c2\u00a330,000.\\nThe Coroner. How ts the coroner elected?\\nBy the electors, for a term of two years.\\nWhat are his ditties\\nWhen the body of a person whose death is sup-\\nposed to have been caused by violence, is found in\\nthe county, it is reported to the coroner, and he\\nmust hold an inquest, or examination, for the\\npurpose of finding out how the person met with\\ndeath. He has the power to issue subpoenas for\\nwitnesses, if necessary. If he finds that death\\nwas caused by another person he can cause such\\nperson to be placed under arrest and brought to\\ntrial.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "168 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\nWith the exception of a few counties, which are\\nprovided for by special act, the coroner does not\\nreceive a fixed salary, but is paid certain fees. In\\ncounties containing a city of the second or third\\ngrade of the first class, he is paid, in lieu of fees,\\ntwo thousand dollars a year.\\nWhat bond does he give f\\nNot less than $5,000, nor more than $50,000.\\nThe sum is fixed by the county commissioners.\\nThe Sheriff. For how long is the sheriff elected t\\nFor two years.\\nWhat are his duties f\\nAs he is the ministerial officer of the courts, he\\nor a deputy must attend the court of common\\npleas and circuit courts. He must preserve the\\npublic peace and cause the arrest of all offenders\\nagainst it, and cause them to be brought to trial.\\nHe serves all subpoenas issued to witness, except\\nthose issued by justices of the peace. He has\\ncharge of prisoners on trial and of the witnesses,\\nand summons jurors. He has charge of the county\\njail and prisoners. He must always serve notice\\nor issue a printed proclamation of all general elec-\\ntions. He must conduct the sale of property when\\nit has been ordered to be sold for debts.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\nHe has no stated salary, but is paid by fees for\\nthe various duties he must perform, or the amount\\nof business done.\\nWhat bond must he give?\\nNot less than $5,000, nor more than $50,000,\\nwhich is fixed by the county commissioners.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 169\\nThe Clerk of the Courts. For how long is the clerk\\nof the courts elected?\\nFor a term of three years.\\nWhat are his duties?\\nHe must act as clerk of the court of common\\npleas, and the circuit court of the county.\\nThe clerk must enter all orders, decrees, judg-\\nments and proceedings of the courts, and must\\nmake a complete record of every case tried in both\\nof the courts. He has power as clerk to administer\\noaths and take and certify affidavits, and deposi-\\ntions, and acknowlegements of deeds and mortga-\\nges. He must make an annual report to the sec-\\nretary of state of Uie cases tried in the courts.\\nWhat salary does he receive f\\nHe is paid by fees for the various kinds of work\\ndone.\\nThe Prosecuting Attorney. For how long is the\\nprosecuting attorney elected?\\nFor three years.\\nWhat are his duties\\nAs prosecuting attorney he must prosecute, on\\nbehalf of the state, in any of the courts of the\\ncounty (except the justice s courts) all suits, mat-\\nters and controversies, as directed by law. He\\nmust prepare in legal form the official bonds for\\ncounty officers and see that they are properly\\nsigned. He is also the legal adviser of all county\\nofficers, and he must make an annual report to the\\nstate attorney-general of all crimes prosecuted in\\nthe county.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "170 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nWhat bond is he required to give\\nNot less than a thousand dollars, the sum to be\\nfixed by the courts.\\nWhat salary does he receive\\nIt is not the same in all counties.\\nThe Probate Judge. For how long is the probate\\njudge elected?\\nFor three years.\\nWhat are his duties\\nTo transact the business of the probate court.\\n(See probate court.)\\nWhat salary does he receive\\nThis depends upon the work done by him in\\nthe county. He receives fees.\\nThe Township. How are the counties of Ohio di-\\nvided?\\nInto townships. Each township is a corporate\\nbody and can sue and be sued in the courts in the\\nperson of its officers. It can also receive, hold and\\ndispose of real or personal property, borrow money\\nfor the use of the township, and taxes may be\\nlevied on the township for the expenses of the\\nsame.\\nWho are the officers of the township\\nThey are the trustees, clerk, treasurer, justices\\nof the peace, constables, assessors and road super-\\nvisors.\\nWhe?i are these township officers elected?\\nThe first Monday of April of each year.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IX CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 171\\nThe Trustees. For how long are the trustees\\nelected?\\nThere are three trustees in each township, elect-\\ned for three years.\\nWhat are their duties\\nThey transact the official business of the town-\\nship. They represent the township in suits at\\nlaw they look after public property, determine\\nthe amount of money necessary for the expenses\\nof the township and levy an annual tax for the\\nsame. They look after the paupers they may\\norder new roads and ditches made they have\\ncharge of the township s cemeteries they must\\nprovide town halls and a public library, if the\\nelectors of the township, by vote, order it.\\nWhat compensation do they receive\\nThey are paid a fixed sum for each day they\\nwork for the township.\\nThe Clerk. For how long is the township clerk\\nelected?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat are his duties\\nHe must keep a record of all the proceedings of\\nthe board of trustees. He keeps a record with\\ndescription of roads and ditches. All the records,,\\nbooks, and papers of the township are kept by him.\\nHe keeps an account of all official debts, receipts\\nand expenditures of the trustees. He places on\\nfile all chattel mortgages given in the township.\\nHe is also the clerk of the township school dis-\\ntrict.\\nWhat salary does he receive?\\nA fee for the amount of work done.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "172 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nThe Treasurer. For how long is the township\\ntreasurer elected?\\nFor two years.\\nWhat are his duties\\nHe is the custodian of the township funds. The\\nmoney belonging to the township from taxes col-\\nlected by the county treasurer are turned over to\\nthe township treasurer.\\nHow can he pay out money f\\nOnly on orders drawn by the trustees and coun-\\ntersigned by the clerk. He is also treasurer of the\\ntownship school district.\\nWhat salary does lie receive\\nHe is allowed two per cent on all money paid\\nout by him.\\nThe Assessor. For how long is the assessor elected?\\nHe is elected for one year.\\nWhat are his duties\\nHe must list the value of all personal property\\nin the township subject to taxation. This list must\\nbe forwarded to the county auditor, and each per-\\nson s taxes are made out for the year. He collects\\nfacts concerning agriculture, manufactures, and\\nother industrial interests also business statistics.\\nWhat compensation does he receive\\nHe is paid two dollars for each day s work.\\nThe Constable.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For how long is the constable\\nelected?\\nFor three years.\\nWhat are his duties\\nTo preserve peace in the township and arrest\\nall violators of the law. He may be called upon", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "EASY LESSONS IX CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 17ft\\nto serve warrants and subpoena witnesses for\\ncounty courts. He must preserve order at the\\npolling places on election days.\\nThe Supervisor of Roads. For how long are the\\nsupervisors of roads elected?\\nFor one year.\\nWhat are their duties\\nThe trustees of the township divide the town-\\nship into road districts, and a supervisor is elected\\nfor each district. His duties are to open all public\\nroads and highways and keep the same in repair\\nin his district, as ordered by the trustees.\\nHow is the money raised for taking care of our\\nroads\\nBy taxation. Every male between twenty-one\\nand fifty-five years of age is responsible for two\\ndays work annually on the roads, at the rate of\\none dollar and fifty cents per day. All of this\\nwork is under the direction of the supervisor of\\nthe district.\\nflunicipal Corporations. What are the different\\nforms of municipal corporations f\\nThey are the city, village and hamlet.\\nHow are municipal corporations formed f\\nThey are organized under the general state laws\\nwhich make provision for their form of govern-\\nment and power.\\nWhat advantage is it to a community to incorporate t\\nIt has the advantage of local government.\\nHow may a community incorporate\\nThe inhabitants wishing to incorporate draft a\\npetition, signed by not less than thirty electors,", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "174 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nresiding within the proposed corporate limit, and\\nthe petition is presented to the board of commis-\\nsioners then the petition has a hearing at the\\nregular meeting. If, after due consideration, and\\nnotice having been given, there is no reason why\\nit should not be granted, the commissioners allow\\nthe corporation to organize. The corporation\\npapers, giving name, etc., are recorded, and the\\ntime for the first election of officers is fixed by the\\nagent of the petitioners.\\nHamlet. What is a hamlet?\\nA hamlet is a municipal corporation with less\\nthan two hundred population. After being incor-\\nporated they have certain rights of governing\\nthemselves, such as the right of municipal gas,\\nelectric lights, sidewalks, sewers, railways, etc.,\\nwhich may be granted or not by vote of the people.\\nWhat are the officers of a hamlet?\\nThree trustees, a treasurer, a clerk, a marshal\\nand a supervisor of roads. The duties of these\\nofficers are nearly the same as the officers in the\\ntownship. The principal authority of a hamlet is\\nin the board of trustees. When a hamlet has\\ngrown to more than two hundred they can be in-\\ncorporated as a village by vote of the electors.\\nVillage. What is a village?\\nA municipal corporation with a population more\\nthan two hundred and less than five thousand, and\\nwhich has a form of organization to govern them-\\nselves in municipal affairs.\\nIn whom is the legislative power vested?\\nIn a council elected by the electors.\\nWho are the executive officers\\nA mayor, a clerk, a treasurer and a marshal.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "EASY EESS0XS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 175\\nThe Council. What are the duties of the council?\\nTo look after the property, finances, and general\\nwelfare and progress of the village such as water\\nworks, sewers, fire protection, etc.\\nWho is president of the council f\\nThe mayor,\\nWho is the chief executive officer f\\nThe mayor.\\nWhat are his duties f\\nIt is his duty to see that peace and order prevail\\nin the corporation, to enforce the ordinances, to\\nappoint officers not elected. He must hold court,\\nknown as mayor s court, and he has power to try\\ncases.\\nThe riarshal. What office does a marshal hold in\\na village?\\nHe is the chief police, and his duties are similar\\nto those of the chief of police in cities or the sheriff\\nin the county.\\nCity. What is a city t\\nWhen a village has grown in population to five\\nthousand or more, by vote of the electors it may\\nbecome a city.\\nHow are cities divided!\\nInto two classes, and these classes are divided\\ninto grades, and are based upon the population.\\nAs the law provides for each grade in the city gov-\\nernment, and they differ in different cities in Ohio,\\nwe will give but a general outline. Cities are di-\\nvided into wards, and in most cases the wards are\\ndivided into precincts.\\nWhat are the officers of a city\\nThe legislative officers are the city councilmen.\\nThe executive officers are a mayor, a marshal, (or", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "176 EASY LESSONS IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT.\\nchief of police), a solicitor, a street commissioner\\nand a treasurer. These are elected by the people.\\nThe city council elects its own secretary, who is\\ncalled the city clerk.\\nThe City Council. What are its duties\\nThe duties are similar to the council in a vil-\\nlage, but more extensive. In some cities ordin-\\nances for the expenditure of money granting a\\nfranchise, are submitted to the mayor for approval.\\nIf vetoed it may pass the council by a vote of two-\\nthirds of the members present. The city council\\nelects its own president.\\nThe riayor. The duties of the mayor have been\\ndescribed in the village government, except he is\\nnot the president of the council, and in some cities\\nhe has the veto power also, if there is a police\\njudge there is no mayor s court.\\nThe Clerk. How is the city clerk elected 1\\nBy the council, as the secretary.\\nWhat are hts duties\\nTo attend the meetings of the council, to keep a\\nrecord of all proceedings and of the ordinances\\npassed, and to publish the same. He is the cus-\\ntodian of the records, papers, books, laws, and\\nordinances of the city.\\nThe Other City Officers. The treasurer, some-\\ntimes called comptroller, or auditor, is the book-\\nkeeper for the city. The solicitor or prosecuting\\nattorney is the legal adviser of the city. Cities\\nare divided into departments, such as finance, law,\\npublic safety and public improvements. Of each\\nof these departments the mayor appoints a di-\\nrector. These directors have full charge of their\\ndepartments.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "AWARDED A GOLD MEDAL AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION, 1900.\\nONE\\nCENT\\nEACH,\\n.C$\\nFor 25 or more.\\nW^J^^y\\nOn paper\\n5Y 2 by 8 inches\\nSEND\\nTWO\\nCENT\\nSTAMP\\nFOR\\nCATALOG\\nThe Perry Pictures.\\nBEWARE OF IMITATIONS.\\nThe Perry Pictures, Extra Size.\\nFh e cents each for 5 or nore. On paper 10 x 12 inches. Send 50\\ncents for these ten. Call them set 61,\\nAngelus,\\nBy the River,\\nQueen Louise,\\nAurora, St. Cecilia,\\nOxen Going to Work, Madonna, Ferruzzi.\\nPictures in Colors.\\nTwo cents each. No orders for pictures in colors for less than 25\\ncents. The Perry Magazine, monthly except July and August. $1.00 per\\nyear Beautifully illustrated.\\nThe Perry Pictures Company,\\nBoston=New York, Box 30, flalden, flass.\\nW. C. Bryant,\\nLongfellow,\\nMadonna f e Chair\\n13", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "Mrt %and fiecfa.\\nEdited by Susan N. Carter, Cooper Union, New\\nYork.\\nSketching from Nature.\\nBy Thomas Rowbotham.\\nLandscape Painting in Oil Colors.\\nBy W. Williams.\\nFlower Painting.\\nBy Wm. Duffleld.\\nFigure Drawing.\\nBy C. H. Weigall.\\nWater-Color Painting.\\nBy Aaron Pauley.\\nThe Human Figure\\nBy H.Warren, Pres. of London Inst, of Painters.\\nSketching in Water-Colors.\\nBy Thomas Hatton.\\nDrawing in Black and White, Charcoal, Crayon,\\nPencil, Pen and Ink.\\nBy S. N. Carter.\\nCOMPLETE SET OF 8 to one address for $1.00.\\nThe volumes are brought out with great\\nneatness of typographical execution, and cannot\\nfail to command the attention of students.\\nN. Y. Tribune.\\nWe can, from personal knowledge, recom-\\nmend them as excellent hand-books for amateurs. 1\\nChristian Union.\\nThe rules and principles they lay down are\\nsafe and practical guides to the student. N. E.\\nJournal of Education.\\nEDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING CO.,\\nNo. 50 Bromfleld St., Boston, Mass.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "BOOKS of thb HOUR\\nWhich Every Person Should Read.\\nMemories of the Crusade. \u00e2\u0080\u0094By Mother Stewart.\\nPrice, cloth $1.50\\nMorocco $2.50\\nA wonderful book by a wonderful woman.\\nThe Crusade in Great Britain. \u00e2\u0080\u0094By Mother Stewart.\\nCloth $1.00\\nThese two books should be read by everybody. Ad-\\ndress, Mother Stewart, Springfield, Ohio.\\nA Paradise Valley Girl. By Susanna M. D. Fry.\\nPrice $1.25\\nA charming story, especially interesting to mothers\\nand daughters. Address, Mrs. Susanna M. D. Fry,\\nEvans ton, Illinois.\\nDay Dreams. \u00e2\u0080\u0094By Ida Eckert-Lawrence.\\nPrice $1.25\\nNo library complete without this book of poems. Ad-\\ndress, Mrs. Ida Eckert-Lawrence, 1608 Monroe St.,\\nToledo, Ohio.\\nThe World Through a Woman s Eyes.\\nA book of Travels, by Jessie A. Ackerman.\\nPrice, cloth, 50 illustrations 75c\\nPaper, 50 illustrations 25c\\nAddress, Mr. R. E. Chambers, Westgrove, Penna.\\n\u00c2\u00ab*A Slaveholder s Daughter. -By Belle Kearney.\\nPrice... $1.00\\nEvery woman, North and South, should read this most\\ninteresting book by this bright Southern woman. Ad-\\ndress, Abbey Press, publishers, 114 Fifth Avenue, New\\nYork.\\nPrice $1.00", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a7^^\u00c2\u00bb^\u00c2\u00bb2\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb-\u00c2\u00bb^S\u00c2\u00bbg\\nEighty Years and Hore.\\nBeing the Reminiscences of Elizabeth Cady Stan-\\nton. Complete in one volume. 12 mo, 47; pp.\\nCloth, eleven portraits. Price $2.00. Address,\\nEuropean Publishing Co., 68 Broad St., New York.\\nSix of Them. \u00e2\u0080\u0094By Sarah M. Perkins.\\nPrice SI. 00\\nA thrilling temperance story, and should be\\nplaced in every home in America.\\nAddress, Mrs. 8. M. Perkins, 121 Adelbert St.,\\nCleveland, Ohio.\\nBAS RELIEF OF\\nFRANCES E. WILLARD\\nDone in plates on a 1% inch plaque\\nA Beautiful Work of Art\\nOF THE\\nGreatest Woman of the Age\\nThe work is exquisite and the likeness fin.\\nu Its chaste white beauty is indeed a fitting repre-\\nsentation of her character.\\nOught to be in every White Ribboner s home.\\nUpon the recipt of $1 00 it will be eenl (expenses g\\nprepaid) to any place in the Tinted States, by Miss\\nMiss E. L. Bailey, 200 E.Hanover St., Trenton, 2\\nN. J.\\nA good Christmas or birthday present.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "lOOl\\nQuestions\\nand Answers.\\nREVISED EDITIONS.\\nPrice, 50 cents per volume.\\nEleven volumes as follows\\nU. S. History, Revised General History,\\nGeography, Revised Revised\\nGrammar, Revised Physiology and Hygiene,\\nArithmetic, Revised Revised\\nTheory and Practice Reading and Ortho=\\nTeaching, Revised graphy, Revised\\nBotany, New Nat. Philosophy, New\\nText Examples Arithmetic, New.\\nAs every teacher knows the inestimable value\\nof these handy books, we will not dilate on their\\nmerits except to mention the interesting fact that\\n80,000 volumes have already been sold.\\nPRICE, BOUND IN CLOTH, EACH 50c.\\nAny six assorted for .$2.50, post paid.\\nAny eight assorted for $3.25, post paid.\\nThe entire set of eleven for $4.25, post paid.\\nTHE BURROWS BROS. COMPANY,\\nPublishers, Booksellers and Stationers,\\nCleveland, Ohio.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "Madonna and her Babe,\\nHinged by a bowery, flowery angel brood.\\nLilies and vestments and white faces sweet. 1\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Browning.\\nFamous Madonnas\\nAN ILLUSTRATED PARLOR TALK BY\\nEVA flARIE WEILER.\\nA genuine treat Miss Weiler is a charming girl, a talented\\nartist and a fine elocutionist. Cincinnati Times Star.\\nSo deep and soulful were her words, that it was impossible to\\nlisten to her without feeling hoUer and better for it Connersville\\n(Ind.^ News.\\nHer talk was enhanced by a rare and choice collection of copies of\\nthe famous Madonnas. Sidney (O.) Gazette.\\nA charming talk. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune.\\nFrom first to last she held her audience spell-bound. Hamilton\\n(O.) Daily Republican.\\nThis exquisite lecture is particularly an appro-\\npriate feature for women s clubs or church enter-\\ntainments. Miss Weiler is young, magnetic, grace-\\nful, eloquent, and full of her subject. She never\\nfails to score a complete success.\\nAddress all letters to her agent,\\nLILLIAN E. TAYLOR,\\nLinden Terrace, Hamilton, Ohio.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "ART.\\nMR. JULES DIEUDONNE,\\nOF WASHINGTON, D. C.\\nProfessor at the Royal Academy of Belgium.\\nGraduate of the Brussels Academy\\nof Fine Arts.\\nMr. Dieudonne s works received distinction\\nat the Triennial Exposition at Brussels, where\\nhe was a successful competitor for prizes offer-\\ned for oil paintings, etchings, etc.\\nCEILING SUBJECTS and\\nWALL DECORATIONS in oil or water colors.\\nDesigns furnished upon application.\\nTHE FIGURE, LANDSCAPE, FLOWERS,\\nANIMALS, and STILL LIFE applied to\\ninterior decorations. Decorations in various\\nmediums from original composition\\nAlbum of series of Landscapes of American\\nscenes and Historical costumes painted from\\nnature in water colors. Careful attention given\\nto illustrating stories, books and magazines.\\nMr. Dieudonne will teach the art in some col-\\nlege or university. For any information concerning\\npictures, art decorations and tuition, address\\nMR. JULES A. DIEUDONNE.\\n720 Seventeenth St., N.W. Washington, D. C.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "Framed Pictures for\\nStudents Rooms.\\nArtistic but Inexpensive\\nGoods a Specialty.\\nAlso Picture Framing and\\nPhoto Mounting to order.\\nCARBONS, CARBONETTES,\\nPLATINOTYPES.\\n20,000 Subjects in Stock....\\n....Send 15 Cents for Catalogues.\\nSOULE PHOTOGRAPH CO.\\n338 Washington St., BOSTON, MASS.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "DO YOU OWN-\\nA Compendium\\nand Question Book\\nOF PARLIAMENTARY LAW?\\nIt is just what every person needs in the busy\\nmoments of a public meeting. It is arranged for\\nall societies. It is a ready reference manual pre-\\npared in the form of questions and answers. It is\\nthe cream of all the larger manuals. No member\\nof a society is thoroughly equipped without this\\nwork. This instructive little book has met with a\\nhearty reception far beyond our most sanguine ex-\\npectations. Already the sales have reached\\nthirty thousand copies. Price, leather, red edges,\\n40 cents. Leatherette, 25 cents. Published by the\\nauthor, LILIAN COLE-BETHEL,\\n738 E. Long St., Columbus, Ohio.", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "9arliamentari{\\nBrills.\\nBY MRS. LILIAN COLE-BETHEL.\\nNotice to all societies: Recognizing the import-\\nance of familiarty with the rules of usage, I have\\nset apart a portion of my time for giving parlia-\\nmentary drills. My experience in drill work be-\\nfore audiences from New York to San Francisco\\nenables me to say, any one taking my full course\\nof lessons can easily learn to master the entire sub-\\nject. The course consists of five lessons with illus-\\ntrations and practical tests. Send for testimonials\\nand terms to\\nULIAN COLE-BETHEL,\\n738 E. Long St., Columbus, Ohio,", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "American Genealogical\\n^Historical Association\\nBOX 345. STATION G,\\nWASHINGTON, D. C.\\nThree thousand books in its own library.\\nAccess to National Library of Congress, the\\nlargest on the Continent, and an immense\\nstore house of historical and ancestral records\\nof anteal generations in this country, an ad-\\nvantage genealogists elsewhere do not\\npossess, the value of which we make mutual\\nwith you. We prepare genealogies, trace an-\\ncestry, investigate arcs, paint in heraldic col-\\nors, readily and economically search wills,\\ndeeds, marriage and parish records in all\\nStates. We especially know whereabouts of\\nexisting recoi ds. W e have one of the largest\\nGenealogical Indexes in America.\\nIf you have not traced your ancestry,\\nyou ve yet a f acinatmg and laudable interest\\nin store. Additional references for those who\\nhave much data. Biographies written.\\nService in all wars investigated.\\nColonial Wars. French Ind. War.\\nRevo. War, 1775-83. Briiish War, 1812-14.\\nIndian War, 1836. Patriot War, 1838.\\nMexican War, 1845. Civil War, 1861.\\nMilitary records of the Revolutionary War\\nand wars anteal thereto in possession of the\\ngovernment were destroyed at the burning of\\nthe Capital, Washington, D. C, by the Brit-\\nish in 1814. There are many original fragmen-\\ntary records of these wars existing in private\\npossession for which we constantly bid. We\\nhave exclusive access to the large private\\ncollection of old war records, unt arthed in\\n189t7, which sold for a large sum. If you have\\nfailed to find or identify your ancestor, your\\nmain chance may be\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is likely\u00e2\u0080\u0094 with us.\\nPedigree CSiarts.\\n(1) Concise, simple, can be extended indefi-\\nnitely. This for direct line only. 10c; three 25c\\n(2) Very elaborate blank especially ruled, lar-\\ngest published. So arranged to suit any con-\\ndition. For dire ^t line and all collaterals for\\n8 generations, 1071 separate lines for names.\\nConsidered only j ractical blank for direct and\\ncollaterals published. Unequaled in simplic-\\nity of design and unlimited in adaptation.\\nEntirely new. PRICE 50 CENTS. Free corre-\\nspondence invited. Enclose stamp for reply", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "C 18 4", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2979", "width": "1681", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "astfr-%\\nA\\n5- *7!\\nS\\nw\\nV\\nb? V s WB\\n\\\\wm: r*+\\n.V.. *cv\\nV", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "i */r\\\\ \u00c2\u00a3^r\\nW\\nO, A\\nr\\n%3 -f*\\nr \\\\W/%w\\\\A OOP\\nI*", "height": "2943", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n027 272 756 9\\nran*\\nini jipnuiii\\nmm\\naim\\nUS\\nHm\\nI", "height": "3272", "width": "2216", "jp2-path": "easylessonsinci00beth_0208.jp2"}}