{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3478", "width": "2115", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3308", "width": "2051", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3363", "width": "2046", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3184", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3363", "width": "2046", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3184", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3184", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "iUlillllllWlil\\nWfeiiP\\n^nilUlni i iiOiin\\n2\\nc\\no\\nt-", "height": "2055", "width": "3923", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "A\\n332\\nHISTORY\\nOF THE\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR,\\n1779 \u00e2\u0080\u00941783.\\nWITH\\nA DESCRIPTION AND ACCOUNT OF THAT GARRISON,\\nFROM THE EARLIEST PERIODS.\\nBY\\nr\\nJOHN DRINK WATER, Ti t -VV\u00c2\u00bb \u00e2\u0084\u00a2-rx e_*\\nI\\nCaptain in the late Seventy-second Regiment, or Royal Manchester Volunteers.\\nVolatile ferrum\\n1\\nSpargitur, arva nova Neptunia caede rubescunt.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nVino.\\nLONDON:\\nJOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.\\n1844.", "height": "3303", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "a ,tn Sf\\n4\\n4\\n4.\\n0\\nJ O\\nw\\nV", "height": "3303", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "THE KING\\nSir,\\nWhen I solicited the honour of being permitted to place under Your\\nMajesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s protection the following Work, I was not impressed with the idea,\\nthat the excellence of the composition, but that the importance of the subject,\\nmight in some degree entitle it to that distinction. The History of an Event\\nwhich reflects so much lustre on Your Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Arms, could not, I apprehended,\\nhowever feeble the execution, so properly appear under any other auspices.\\nThat Your Majesty may never be less faithfully served, nor less success\u00c2\u00ac\\nful against the enemies of Your Crown and People, is the sincere and fervent\\nwish of\\nYour Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nMuch obliged and most devoted\\nSubject and Servant,\\nJOHN DRINKWATER.\\n13th September, 1785.", "height": "3303", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.\\nThe following History (as I have presumed to call it) is compiled from\\nobservations daily noted down upon the spot, for my own satisfaction and\\nimprovement, assisted by the information and remarks of several respec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntable characters, who also were eye-witnesses of the transactions therein\\nrecorded.\\nDisappointed in my expectations of seeing this subject undertaken by an\\nabler pen, nothing less than a conviction that an accurate detail of this extra\u00c2\u00ac\\nordinary Siege might be useful, both in a military and historical view, could\\nhave induced me, at this late period, to publish.\\nIn the prosecution of this design, one principal difficulty has occurred.\\nThe work is addressed to two classes of Readers: those whose principal object\\nin the perusal of it was entertainment, I apprehended, might find the relation\\ntoo minute and circumstantial; and that, from the insertion of many particulars,\\nwhich those of the Military Profession would greatly blame an author for\\npresuming to curtail or omit.\\nWith the former, it is hoped that the necessary connection of some events\\n(which at first may appear trivial) with the great business of the History, will\\nbe some apology; and I have endeavoured to diversify the narrative, by such\\nAnecdotes and Observations as will occasionally relieve or awaken the attention.\\nTo the latter I shall not attempt any apology. The late Siege of Gibraltar\\nafforded many instances of very singular exertions in the Art of Attack and\\nDefence, the minutiae of which cannot be without their utility to those Officers\\nwho make a science of their profession; and they must be sensible, that without\\npointed exactness, this design could not have been accomplished. In short,\\nit must be remembered, that the History of this Siege is not that of a Month or\\nof a Year, but that it embraces a period of near Four Years, exhibiting a series\\nof operations perhaps unparalleled.\\nTo Major Vallotton, the Governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s first aide-de-camp, and Lieutenant\\nHolloway, Aide-de-Camp to the Chief Engineer, I have particular pleasure in\\nthis opportunity of returning thanks for the favour of many kind communica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions also to other Officers of Rank, whose names I have not their permission\\nto insert. I must also acknowledge having derived considerable assistance,\\nin the two introductory chapters, from the History of the Herculean Straits.\\nGreat additions have however been introduced; and I flatter myself upon the\\nwhole, that those Chapters will not prove an unacceptable part of the Work,\\nsince they will render it as complete a General History or Gibraltar as\\nmost readers will require.", "height": "3303", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "A HISTORY\\nOF\\nTHE SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\nCHAPTEK I.\\nGeneral History of Gibraltar, since it was first noticed\u00e2\u0080\u0094Fortified under the Saracen Empire_\\nReduction of the Fortress by Ferdinand of Castile\u00e2\u0080\u0094Retaken by the Moors\u00e2\u0080\u0094Finally\\nrecovered by the Christians\u00e2\u0080\u0094Taken by the English\u00e2\u0080\u0094Besieged by the Spaniards in 1705\\nafterwards in 1727\u00e2\u0080\u0094Succession of Governors to the present time.\\nGibraltar is situated in Andalusia,\\nthe most southern province of Spain.\\nThe Rock is seven miles in circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nference, forming a promontory three\\nmiles long; and is joined to the con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinent by an isthmus of low sand the\\nsouthern extremity lies in 36\u00c2\u00b0 2 30\\nN. lat., and in 5\u00c2\u00b0 15 W. long, from\\nthe meridian of London.\\nHistorians, from very early periods,\\nhave noticed Gibraltar, or Mons Calpe,\\nby a well-known mythological fiction,\\ndenominating it, and Mons Abyla, on\\nthe opposite coast of Africa, the Pil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlars of Hercules. It does not, however,\\nappear that the hill was ever inhabited\\nby the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, or\\nRomans, who, in the first ages of navi\u00c2\u00ac\\ngation, visited the bay, and built cities\\nin its neighbourhood; or that it ever\\nengaged the attention of those intrepid\\nand successful barbarians who so vio\u00c2\u00ac\\nlently subverted the Roman empire,\\nand established a new government in\\nSpain. The period when it began\\nto be remarked for the natural strength\\nof its situation, seems well ascertained\\nto be in the beginning of the eighth\\ncentury, when the Saracens (then be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncome a powerful nation in the east, and\\nalong the coast of Africa) invaded\\nSpain, and soon after made themselves\\nmasters of the whole country.\\nThe Gothic kingdom, which had\\nexisted in Spain for 300 years, was,\\nprevious to the invasion of the Sara\u00c2\u00ac\\ncens, distracted with intestine divi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions the nation in general were\\nbecome effeminate, totally neglecting\\nthe military discipline of their ances\u00c2\u00ac\\ntors; and their monarch Roderic, a\\nprofligate prince, not a little accele\u00c2\u00ac\\nrated their ruin by ravishing the\\ndaughter of Count Julian, a nobleman\\nof great wealth and influence, and\\ngovernor of Ceuta, in Africa. Count\\nJulian, to avenge the dishonour done\\nto his family, combined with other\\ndiscontented chiefs, who had long com\u00c2\u00ac\\nplained, and were ripe for a revolt.\\nThe tyrant was, however, too powerful\\nfor whatever opposition they alone\\ncould raise; the count, therefore, se\u00c2\u00ac\\ncretly retired with his family into\\nAfrica, and acquainting Mousa (the\\nSaracen governor of the western pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvinces) with the divided state of the\\nempire, promised, if he would attempt\\nto dethrone Roderic, to assist him with\\nhis own interest, and that of his friends.\\nMousa, cautious and prudent, com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunicated the project to his sovereign\\nthe Caliph A1 Walid Ebn Abdalmalic,\\nwho agreed to try the practicability\\nof it; and, to inspect more accurately\\nthe state of affairs, sent over a small\\ndetachment. 100 horse, and 400 foot,\\nwere accordingly embarked in the\\nyear 711, under the command of Tarif\\nEbn Zarca, attended by Count Julian,\\nB", "height": "3303", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "2\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[CHAP. I\\nand other Gothic noblemen: this small\\nforce soon passed the Herculean Straits,\\nand landed on the coast near the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsent town of Algeziras, where, finding\\nno opposition, and the country almost\\ndefenceless, the Saracen general ra\u00c2\u00ac\\nvaged the neighbouring towns, and\\nreturned laden with spoils, to report\\nthe success of his first expedition.\\nMousa, elated with the flattering\\nprospect, the following year assembled\\nan army of 12,000 men, and Tarif was\\nappointed to the chief command. Hav\u00c2\u00ac\\ning supplied himself with provisions\\nand stores, Tarif once more embarked\\non the rapid Strait, and landed on the\\nisthmus between Mons Calpe and the\\ncontinent. The object of this invasion\\nbeing of a more serious nature than\\nthat of the former, he determined to\\nsecure a communication with Africa,\\nby establishing a post on the coast;\\nand, duly estimating the strong na\u00c2\u00ac\\ntural situation of Mons Calpe, gave\\norders to erect a castle on the face\\nof the hill, which might answer the\\noriginal purpose, and also cover his\\nretreat, in case he should be unfortu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnate in his future operations. The\\nsuperior part of this once magnificent\\npile at present remains; and, from an\\ninscription discovered over the prin\u00c2\u00ac\\ncipal gate, before it was pulled down,\\nthe period of its being finished is ascer\u00c2\u00ac\\ntained to be about the year of our\\nLord 725.\\nTarif, leaving a garrison at the foot\\nof Mons Calpe (which was now called\\nby the Saracens, in compliment to their\\ngeneral, Gibel-Tarif, or the moun\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain of Tarif, and thence Gibraltar),\\nmarched into the country, and sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nprised many towns, amongst which\\nwas Heraclea, or Carteia, situated on\\nthe coast of the bay, about four miles\\ndistant from Gibel-Tarif.\\nKing Roderic, receiving intelligence\\nof Tariffs approach, assembled a nu\u00c2\u00ac\\nmerous body of troops to oppose his\\nprogress. Roth armies met, after se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral skirmishes, near Xeres, in Anda\u00c2\u00ac\\nlusia, and a bloody conflict ensued.\\nThe victory was for a long time doubt\u00c2\u00ac\\nful but the Gothic army being raw\\nand undisciplined, and part disaffected\\nand joining the Saracens, Tarif at\\nlength prevailed, and by this victory\\nwas soon in possession of the whole\\nkingdom.\\nThe Goths, or Spaniards as we will\\nnow call them, were driven by the\\nrapid conquests of the invaders into\\nthe provinces of Asturias, Biscay,\\nc., where, like the ancient Britons,\\nthey maintained a strenuous and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nspectable opposition. By degrees they\\nreassumed their former discipline and\\nvalour, while their conquerors declined\\ninto luxury and effeminacy: they made\\nseveral excursions from the moun\u00c2\u00ac\\ntains, recovering, after many obstinate\\nactions, great part of the northern pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvinces. This success encouraged them\\nto attempt the total rejection of the\\nArabic yoke. Measures were con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncerted among the chiefs, to act with\\nunion and with vigour. The infidels\\nwere attacked and routed in successive\\nengagements; and the kingdoms of\\nAsturias, Galicia, Leon, Navarre, and\\nCastile, erected under different mo-\\nnarchs.\\nGibraltar, during these transactions,\\nincreased in importance, though not in\\nan equal degree with the neighbouring\\ncity of Algeziras, which had been built,\\nposterior to Gibraltar, on the opposite\\nshore of the bay, and was then become\\na fortress of great magnificence and\\nstrength. This celebrated city seems\\ntotally to have obscured Gibraltar in\\nthe histories of those times, since very\\ntrifling mention is made of the latter\\ntill the beginning of the fourteenth\\ncentury, when we learn that Ferdinand,\\nking of Castile, in the course of his\\nconquests, first took it (with a small\\ndetachment) from the infidels.\\nGibraltar could not at this period be\\nvery strong, as it fell so easy a prey to\\nthe Christians, whose army had been,\\nand at that time was employed in the\\nsiege of Algeziras. It does not, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, appear that Ferdinand was equally\\nsuccessful in his operations against that\\ncity; for we find, in the year 1316, the\\nMoors of Grenada applying to the\\nemperor of Fez for succour: and, to\\nfacilitate their reception, Algeziras and\\nother cities on the coast were put into\\nthe hands of the Africans. We may\\ntherefore conclude that Ferdinand was", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "1333.]\\nSIEGE OP GIBRALTAR.\\n3\\nobliged to withdraw from before Alge\u00c2\u00ac\\nziras, and that he afterwards directed\\nhis force against the infidels in a more\\nvulnerable part, which induced them to\\napply for the assistance just mentioned.\\nGibraltar continued in the possession\\nof the Spaniards till 1333, when Abo\u00c2\u00ac\\nmelique, son of the Emperor of Fez,\\nwas dispatched with further assistance\\nto the Moorish king of Granada, and\\nlanding at Algeziras, immediately laid\\nsiege to Gibraltar, whilst the Grana\u00c2\u00ac\\ndians were making diversions else\u00c2\u00ac\\nwhere. Alonzo XL was then on the\\nthrone of Castile and intelligence was\\nimmediately sent to inform him of the\\ndescent of the Africans. He was, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, prevented from marching to the\\nrelief of Gibraltar by a rebellion in his\\nkingdom, and by the approach of Ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nhomet, king of Granada, towards his\\nfrontiers. Abomelique commenced his\\nattack on the castle with great judg\u00c2\u00ac\\nment and bravery, and the Spanish\\ngovernor Vasco Perez de Meyra de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfended it with equal obstinacy; but\\nPerez having embezzled the money\\nwhich was advanced to victual the\\ngarrison, the troops and inhabitants\\nsuffered great distress; and no prospect\\nof relief offering, he was compelled,\\nafter five months\u00e2\u0080\u0099 siege, to surrender.\\nAlonzo having quelled the rebellion,\\nand obliged Mahomet to retire, was\\nthen marching to the assistance of\\nPerez, and was advanced within a short\\ndistance of Gibraltar, when he was in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed of the capitulation. He was\\nresolved nevertheless to attempt its\\nrecovery before the Moors could vic\u00c2\u00ac\\ntual and repair it: he accordingly pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded on his route, and encamped\\nbefore the town five days after it had\\nsurrendered. Alonzo parted his army\\ninto three divisions; the main body\\noccupied the isthmus, the second he\\nsent by boats to the red sands, and the\\nthird climbed up the north of the hill\\nabove the town. Several serious at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntacks had been made on the castle,\\nwhen Mahomet, king of Granada, join\u00c2\u00ac\\ning Abomelique\u00e2\u0080\u0099s forces, their com\u00c2\u00ac\\nbined army encamped in the rear of\\nthe Spaniards, extending across the\\nisthmus from the bay to the Mediter\u00c2\u00ac\\nranean. This position hemmed in the\\nbesiegers, debarred them from foraging,\\nand cut off their communication with\\nthe country. Alonzo, though thus cri\u00c2\u00ac\\ntically situated, still maintained the\\nsiege; but at length, driven to great\\ndifficulties for want of provisions, and\\nhearing that some of his disaffected\\nsubjects, taking advantage of his ab\u00c2\u00ac\\nsence, were again in arms, he hear\u00c2\u00ac\\nkened to an accommodation, and was\\npermitted to retire with his army.\\nTo be thus disgracefully compelled\\nto raise the siege did not agree with\\nthe ambitious and impatient temper of\\nAlonzo: he secretly meditated a new\\nattack whenever an opportunity should\\noccur; and this intention was not a\\nlittle strengthened by his success in the\\nyear 1343-4, when Algeziras was taken,\\nafter a most memorable siege. In 1349\\nthe tumults and civil wars in Africa\\nafforded him the opportunity he waited\\nfor: great preparations were therefore\\nmade for this expedition, which was not\\nesteemed of inferior consequence to the\\npreceding siege of Algeziras, as the\\nMoors, since the loss of that city, had\\npaid great attention to the completion of\\nthe works, and to the rendering of the\\nplace considerably stronger by addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntional fortifications; the garrison was\\nalso numerous and well provided, and\\nof their choicest troops.\\nAlonzo encamped before Gibraltar in\\nthe beginning of 1349, and immediately\\nlaid waste the delightful groves, gar\u00c2\u00ac\\ndens, and houses of pleasure, which were\\nerected in its neighbourhood. The siege\\nwas commenced with great bravery,\\nand though the camp of the Castilians\\nwas much harassed by the flying squa\u00c2\u00ac\\ndrons of Granadian horse, yet the castle\\nin the course of several months was\\nalmost reduced to a capitulation. At\\nthis critical period a pestilential dis\u00c2\u00ac\\norder swept away numbers of the be\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiegers, and among the rest Alonzo,\\nwho died, much lamented, on the 26tb\\nof March, 1350; and the Spaniards\\nimmediately afterwards raised th\\nsiege.\\nThe descendants of Abomelique con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued in quiet possession of Gibraltar\\ntill 1410, when Jusaf III., king of Gra\u00c2\u00ac\\nnada, availing himself of the intestine\\ndivisions which prevailed among the\\nB 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "4\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. 1.\\nAfrican Moors, took possession of the\\nplace. The inhabitants, however, not\\nrelishing the government of their new\\nmasters, unanimously revolted the fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing year against the Granadian al\u00c2\u00ac\\ncaide, drove him with his garrison out\\nof the town, and wrote to the emperor\\nof Morocco, to be taken again under\\nhis protection. The emperor dis\u00c2\u00ac\\npatched his brother Sayd, with 1000\\nhorse and 2000 foot, to their assistance.\\nThe king of Granada, being informed\\nthat Sayd had garrisoned the castle,\\nmarched with an army, and sending his\\nfleet round to the bay, appeared before\\nthe place in 1411. Sayd advanced to\\nmeet him, but, being worsted in se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral skirmishes, was obliged to retreat\\nwithin the castle, and being closely be\u00c2\u00ac\\nsieged, and reduced to great distress\\nfor want of provisions, was at last com\u00c2\u00ac\\npelled to submit.\\nIn 1435, Henry de Guzman, Count\\nde Niebla, formed a design of attacking\\nGibraltar by land and sea; but, impru\u00c2\u00ac\\ndently skirmishing with the garrison,\\nfrom his galleys, before his son John de\\nGuzman arrived with the land forces,\\nhe was defeated, and forced to a preci\u00c2\u00ac\\npitate retreat; in which confusion he\\nhimself lost his life, and many of his\\nfollowers were killed and drowned.\\nIn 1462, a civil war breaking out in\\nGranada, great part of the garrison of\\nGibraltar was withdrawn, to assist one\\nof the competitors for the crown: the\\ngovernor of Tarifa had intelligence of\\nthis by a Moor, who had left the town,\\nand embraced the Christian faith. An\\narmy was accordingly assembled from\\nthe neighbouring garrisons, and Gi\u00c2\u00ac\\nbraltar was besieged. The inhabitants\\ndefended it with great resolution; but\\nfresh troops joining the besiegers, the\\ngarrison surrendered to John de Guz\u00c2\u00ac\\nman, Duke de Medina Sidonia (son of\\nthe unfortunate Count de Niebla), who,\\nhearing that the place was reduced to\\ngreat distress, hastened to the camp, and\\narrived just in time to be present when\\nthe Moors capitulated. From this pe\u00c2\u00ac\\nriod it has remained in the hands of the\\nChristians, after having been in the\\npossession of the Mahometans 748 years.\\nThe news of this conquest was so ac\u00c2\u00ac\\nceptable to Henry IV., of Castile and\\nLeon, that he added it to his royal titles,\\nand gave it for arms, Gules a castle,\\nproper, with a key pendent to the gate,\\nor (alluding to its being the key to the\\nMediterranean) which arms have ever\\nsince been continued. Pedro de Porras\\nwas appointed governor; but the suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding year King Henry made a jour\u00c2\u00ac\\nney to Gibraltar, and superseded him,\\ngiving the command to Don Bertrand\\nde la Cueva, Count Lederma, who\\nplaced the trust in the hands of Ste-\\nphano Villacreces: the Duke de Me\u00c2\u00ac\\ndina Sidonia, however, afterwards re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered and enjoyed it, till the reigD\\nof Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502,\\nwhen it was annexed to the crown.\\nIn the year 1540, Piali Hamet, one\\nof Barbarossa\u00e2\u0080\u0099s captains, surprised and\\npillaged Gibraltar, making prisoners\\nmany of the principal inhabitants but\\nbeing met on his return by some galleys\\nfrom Sicily, the corsairs were all killed\\nor taken, and the prisoners redeemed.\\nIn 1589, during the reign of Charles\\nV., the fortifications of the town were\\nmodernised and several additions made\\nby Daniel Speckel, the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nengineer; after which the place was\\nthought to be impregnable. From this\\ntime there appears a chasm in the his\u00c2\u00ac\\ntory of the garrison till the year 1704,\\nwhen Gibraltar was wrested (most\\nprobably for ever) from the dominion\\nof Spain, by the English, under Ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmiral Sir George Rooke. This officer\\nhad been sent into the Mediterranean,\\nwith a strong fleet, in the spring of\\n1704, to assist Charles, archduke of Aus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntria, in obtaining the crown of Spain;\\nbut, his instructions being limited, no\u00c2\u00ac\\nthing of importance was done. Sensi\u00c2\u00ac\\nble of the reflections that would fall on\\nhim, for being inactive with so pow\u00c2\u00ac\\nerful a fleet, he held a council of war,\\non the 17th of July, 1704, nearTetuan,\\nat which several schemes were pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed, particularly a second attack upon\\nCadiz, which however was thought im\u00c2\u00ac\\npracticable for want of a sufficient body\\nof land forces. At length it was re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsolved to make a sudden and vigorous\\nattempt on Gibraltar.\\nThe 21st of the same month, the fleet\\narrived in the bay; and 1800 men,\\nEnglish and Dutch, commanded by", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "1704.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\nb\\nthe Prince of Hesse d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Armstadt, were\\nlanded on the isthmus. The prince\\nthen summoned the garrison; but the\\ngovernor refusing to surrender, pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nparations were made for the attack.\\nBy daybreak on the 23rd, the ships\\nappointed to cannonade the town, under\\nAdmirals Byng and Vanderdussen,\\nwith those that were destined to batter\\nthe new mole, commanded by Captains\\nHicks and Jumper, were at their seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nral stations. The admiral made the\\nsignal to begin the cannonade, which\\nwas performed with great vivacity and\\neffect, so that the enemy, in five or six\\nhours, were driven from their guns,\\nespecially from the new mole head.\\nThe admiral, considering that by gain\u00c2\u00ac\\ning that fortification the town might\\nsooner be reduced, ordered Captain\\nWhitaker, with the armed boats, to\\npossess himself of it; but Captains\\nHicks and Jumper, who lay next the\\nmole, pushed ashore with their pin\u00c2\u00ac\\nnaces, before the rest came up; where\u00c2\u00ac\\nupon the Spaniards sprung a mine,\\nwhich blew up the fortifications, killed\\n2 lieutenants and 40 men, and wounded\\n60. The assailants nevertheless kept\\npossession of the work, and being joined\\nby Captain Whitaker, advanced and\\ntook a small redoubt,* half-way be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween the mole and the town. The\\nMarquis de Salines, who was governor,\\nbeing again summoned, thought proper\\nto capitulate: hostages were therefore\\nexchanged, and the Prince of Hesse,\\non the 24th of July, 1704, took posses\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion of the gates.\\nNotwithstanding the works were\\nvery strong, mounting 100 pieces of\\nordnance, well appointed with ammu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnition and stores; yet the garrison, at\\nmost, consisted of only 150 men, ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nclusive of the inhabitants. The mar\u00c2\u00ac\\nquis marched out with all the honours\\nof war, and the Spaniards who chose\\nto remain were allowed the same pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvileges they had enjoyed under King\\nCharles II. The loss of the English\\nin this attack was, 2 lieutenants, 1 mas\u00c2\u00ac\\nter, 57 sailors, killed; 1 captain, 7\\nlieutenants, 1 boatswain, 207 sailors,\\nwounded.\\nThe Prince of Hesse remained go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor and as many men as could well\\nbe spared from the fleet were left as a\\ngarrison. Sir George Rooke after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards sailed for Tetuan, to wood and\\nwater. This being performed, he\\nsteered up the Mediterranean, and on\\nthe 13th of August, off Malaga, engaged\\nthe French fleet, under the command\\nof Count de Toulouse. The action was\\nlong and warm; but many of the Eng\u00c2\u00ac\\nlish ships, having expended a great\\nquantity of ammunition in taking\\nGibraltar, were soon obliged to quit\\nthe line; which gave the enemy a\\ndecided superiority. The engagement\\nended in a drawn battle; and Sir\\nGeorge returned to Gibraltar, where\\nhe stayed eight days to refit; and\\nthen supplying the prince w r ith what\\nmen and provisions he could spare,\\nsailed thence on the 4th of September,\\nN.S., on his way home, leaving 18\\nmen-of-war under the command of Sir\\nJohn Leake, at Lisbon, to be in readi\u00c2\u00ac\\nness to succour the garrison, if there\\nshould be occasion.\\nThe courts of Madrid and Paris were\\ngreatly concerned at the loss of so im\u00c2\u00ac\\nportant a fortress as Gibraltar, and,\\nconsidering its recovery of the last con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequence to the cause, the Marquis de\\nVilladarias, a grandee of Spain, was\\nordered to besiege, and endeavour to\\nretake it. The Prince of Hesse, ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprised of their intentions, and being\\nfurther informed that they were to be\\nassisted by a naval force from Toulon,\\nsent advice to Sir John Leake, request\u00c2\u00ac\\ning assistance and supplies. Sir John\\nprepared for this duty; but in the mean\\ntime a fleet of French ships arrived,\\nand landed six battalions, which joined\\nthe Spanish army. After disembark\u00c2\u00ac\\ning their reinforcements, the French\\nsquadron proceeded to the westward,\\nleaving only six frigates in the bay.\\nOn the 11th of October, 1704, the\\nMarquis opened his trenches against\\nthe town; and soon afterwards Sir\\nJohn Leake arrived with 20 sail of\\nEnglish and Dutch ships: hearing,\\nhowever, that the enemy were prepar\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to attack him with a superior force,\\nhe thought it most eligible immediately\\nto retire and refit, that he might be in\\nThe present eiglit-gun battery.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "6\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. I.\\na better condition to supply and assist\\nthe garrison, in a second expedition, for\\nwhich he had very prudently directed\\npreparations to be made at Lisbon in\\nhis absence. On the 25th he again\\nput to sea; and on the 29th unexpect\u00c2\u00ac\\nedly entering the bay, surprised three\\nfrigates, a fire-ship, two English prizes,\\na tartan, and a store-ship. He then\\nlanded the reinforcements, and supplied\\nthe garrison with six months\u00e2\u0080\u0099 provisions\\nand ammunition, at the same time de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntaching on shore a body of 500 sailors\\nto assist in repairing the breaches which\\nhad been made by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire.\\nThe arrival of the admiral was very\\nopportune and critical; for that very\\nnight the marquis had resolved to at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntack the place by sea and land at five\\ndifferent points; for which purpose he\\nhad assembled 200 boats from Cadiz, c.\\nThough disappointed in their de\u00c2\u00ac\\nsigns. the Spaniards still entertained\\nhopes of taking the fortress; and sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nposing the troops would be less on their\\nguard while the fleet was in the bay,\\nthey formed the desperate scheme of\\nsurprising the garrison, though the\\nBritish admiral was before the town.\\nThe 31st of October, 500 volunteers\\ntook the sacrament, never to return till\\nthey had taken Gibraltar. This for\u00c2\u00ac\\nlorn party was conducted by a goat\u00c2\u00ac\\nherd to the south side of the rock, near\\nthe Cave-guard (at that time called the\\nPass of Locust-trees). Fortune, in the\\nbeginning, so far favoured the enter\u00c2\u00ac\\nprise, that they mounted the rock, and\\nlodged themselves unperceived the first\\nnight in St. Michael\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cave; the suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding night they scaled Charles the\\nFifth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s wall; surprised and put to\\ndeath the guard at the Signal-house\\nand at Middle-hill, where afterwards,\\nby ropes and ladders, they got up\\nseveral hundreds of the party who had\\nbeen ordered to sustain them; but\\nbeing discovered, a strong detachment\\nof grenadiers marched up immediately\\nfrom the town, and attacked them with\\nsuch spirit, that 160 of them were\\nkilled, or driven over the precipice, and\\na colonel and 30 officers, with the re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmainder, taken prisoners. These brave,\\nbut unfortunate adventurers, were to\\nhave been supported by a body of\\nFrench troops, and some feints were to\\nhave been made below to engage the\\nattention of the garrison; but the com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmanding officers disagreeing, they were\\nleft to their fortune.\\nSir John Leake was not idle whilst\\nhe remained in the bay, but was conti\u00c2\u00ac\\nnually alarming the enemy on their\\ncoasts. The 2 2nd of November he had\\ninformation, by one of his cruisers,\\nthat a strong squadron was fitting out\\nat Cadiz, which would be soon ready\\nfor sea; and receiving further intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence, that a convoy, fitted out from\\nLisbon for the relief of Gibraltar, was\\non its way, he prepared to join it off\\nLagos, in order to protect it past\\nCadiz; but was confined within the\\nStraits by a westerly wind. The\\nprince, in the mean time, redoubled his\\nexertions to prevent the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s de\u00c2\u00ac\\nsigns, who flattered themselves, that on\\nthe arrival of their fleet from Cadiz,\\nSir John would be obliged to retire,\\nand the garrison surrender to their\\nunited attacks. Their fire was con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued with additional vivacity, many\\ncannon in the place were dismounted,\\nand the works were materially injured\\nin different parts.\\nAffairs were in this situation, when\\npart of the long-wished-for succours\\narrived on the 7th of December; and\\ntwo days following, the remainder came\\nin with near 2000 men, with propor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntionable ammunition and provisions.\\nThey sailed from Lisbon under convoy\\nof four frigates, and thought them\u00c2\u00ac\\nselves safe on discovering, off Cape\\nSpartel, a fleet of men-of-war, under\\nEnglish and Dutch colours: expecting\\nto meet Sir John, with the combined\\nfleet, at the entrance of the Straits,\\nthey endeavoured to join them, but for\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunately were becalmed: they then\\nhoisted out their boats to tow the ships,\\nwhen, perceiving the men-of-war ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntend themselves in form of a half\\nmoon, in order to surround them,\\nthey began to suspect some deception,\\nand accordingly made a private signal,\\nwhich totally frustrated the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nmeasures, who were thereby discovered,\\nand, striking their false colours, endea\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoured to fall upon the transports; but\\nthese latter, being lighter vessels,", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "1705.]\\nSIEGE OJ GIBRALTAR.\\nescaped by their oars, and, night dom\u00c2\u00ac\\ning on, steered for the bay, withuhe\\nloss of only two transports. It w%s\\nnow thought no longer necessary to\\ndetain the fleet in the bay, or oif th\u00c2\u00a3\\ncoast; especially when Monsieur Prfin-\\ntis was so near, with a superior force.\\nSir John accordingly arrived at Lisbon\\nthe latter end of the year.\\nThe Spanish general being reinforced\\nwith a considerable body of infantry,\\nmade an attack, on the 11th of January,\\n1705, with 60 grenadiers on the works\\nat the extremity of the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines;\\nbut, two officers and several others\\nbeing killed, the rest retreated. This\\nrepulse did not, however, discourage\\nhim; for, early on the succeeding day,\\nthe attack was renewed by 500 or 600\\ngrenadiers, French and Walons, sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nported by 1000 Spaniards, under Lieu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntenant-General Tuy. Their disposition\\nwas to storm a breach which had been\\nmade in the round towers, at the ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntremity of the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, and another\\nin the intrenchment on the hill. The\\nretrenchment which covered the latter\\nbreach, with part of the intrenchment\\njoining the precipice of the rock, was\\ndefended at night by a captain, three\\nsubalterns, and 90 men; but it was\\ncustomary for the captain to withdraw,\\nwith two subalterns and 60 men, at\\ndaybreak. The round tower was de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfended by 180 men, commanded by a\\nlieutenant-colonel. The marquis, by\\ndeserters from the garrison, had ob\u00c2\u00ac\\ntained intelligence of the strength of\\nthese posts, and concerted his attack\\naccordingly. The detachment for the\\nupper breach mounted the rock at dead\\nof night, and concealed themselves in\\nthe clefts till the captain had with\u00c2\u00ac\\ndrawn. They then advanced to the\\npoint of the intrenchment, and, throw\u00c2\u00ac\\ning grenades on the subaltern and his\\nparty, obliged them to retreat. At the\\nsame time 300 men stormed the round\\ntower, where Lieutenant-Colonel Barr\\nmade a vigorous defence, though the\\nenemy having passed the breach above,\\nannoyed him on the flank with great\\nstones and grenades: observing, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, the Spaniards marching down to\\ncat off his retreat from the town, he\\nretired, and by getting over the para\u00c2\u00ac\\npet of the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, descended into\\nthe covered way, where the English\\nguards were posted. By this time the\\ngarrison was alarmed; all the regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments assembled at their proper posts;\\nand Captain Fisher endeavoured to\\nstop the progress of the enemy with 17\\nmen, but was repulsed and himself\\ntaken prisoner. Lieutenant Colonel\\nMoncal, at last, w ith 400 or 500 men,\\ncharged them with such bravery, that\\nthey were repulsed, and the tower was\\nretaken after it had been in their pos\u00c2\u00ac\\nsession upwards of an hour. Soon after\\nthis attack, six companies of Dutch\\ntroops, and 200 English soldiers, were\\nreceived by the garrison, with provi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions and stores.\\nThe Spaniards and French were still\\nobstinately bent on the recovery of\\nGibraltar. The Marquis de Villada-\\nrias was superseded by the Marshal\\nTesse, a French general; and Monsieur\\nPointis was directed to co-operate with\\nthe marshal in blocking up the port\\nwith a powerful fleet. The marshal\\njoined the army with four fresh bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntalions, besides eight companies which\\nhad been sent before. The ordnance,\\nwhich from constant use had been\\ngreatly injured, were totally exchanged;\\nand the works, as they then stood, were\\nput in the best repair.\\nThe English ministry had been in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s new arrange\u00c2\u00ac\\nments and, sensible of the importance\\nof Gibraltar, ordered a reinforcement,\\nunder Sir Thomas Dilkes and Sir John\\nHardy, to join Admiral Sir John Leake\\nat Lisbon. The junction being effected,\\nand his own fleet refitted, Sir John, on\\nthe 6th of March, sailed with 28 Eng\u00c2\u00ac\\nlish, 4 Dutch, and 8 Portuguese men-\\nof-w r ar, having on board two battalions.\\nHappily for the besieged, the incessant\\nrains about this period had retarded\\nthe marshal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s operations, and greatly\\ndistressed Monsieur Pointis, several of\\nwhose ships were forced from their\\nanchors by a strong westerly wind, and\\ndriven to the eastward. He, with the\\nremainder of his squadron, was quitting\\nthe bay, when the British admiral en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntered the Straits, and about half past\\nfive, on the morning of the 10th, was\\nalmost abreast of Cabrita Point. Sir", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "HISTORY (jj THE\\n[chap. I.\\nJohn Leake, discovering five sail mak\u00c2\u00ac\\ning out of the bay, and a gun fired at* \u00e2\u0096\u00a0reigned his government, and was sue-\\nr, Vw r^ol otipI KftO\u00e2\u0080\u0099^r Elliot: dur-\\nthem from the garrison, concluded that\\nthe town was safe, and immediately\\ngave chace. Three French ships of\\nthe line were taken, and Admiral Poin-\\ntis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ship and another run ashore and\\nburnt. Sir John afterwards looked\\ninto Malaga, where some of the ships\\nthat had been driven from the harbour\\nhad taken shelter; but, hearing the\\nreport of the guns, they had made the\\nbest of their way to Toulon. Sir John,\\nfinding the pursuit of them in vain,\\nreturned on the 19th to Gibraltar,\\nwhich was now so well supplied, that\\nMarshal Tesse withdrew his troops\\nfrom the trenches, and formed a block\u00c2\u00ac\\nade; drawing an intrenchment across\\nthe isthmus, to prevent the garrison\\nfrom ravaging the country.\\nIn the course of this siege, the enemy\\ndid not lose fewer than 10,000 men,\\nincluding those who died of sickness,\\nc. The garrison lost about 400.\\nThe Prince of Hesse remained in the\\nplace while the batteries were repaired:\\nhe made also some additions to the for\u00c2\u00ac\\ntifications, and left the garrison much\\nstronger than it was before the siege.\\nThe prince then joined the Archduke\\nCharles at Lisbon, where the combined\\nfleets of England and Holland were\\nassembled, to support that prince in\\nobtaining the crown of Spain.\\nAs the archduke was resolved to try\\nhis fortune with the Earl of Peter\u00c2\u00ac\\nborough, in Valencia and Catalonia,\\nthe Prince of Hesse was sent back to\\nGibraltar, to prepare part of the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson to embark, and soon after was fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowed by the fleet; upon whose arrival,\\nin August, 1705, the archduke was\\nreceived by the garrison as lawful\\nsovereign of Spain, and proclaimed by\\nthe title of Charles III. Having taken\\non board the English guards, and three\\nold regiments, leaving only two new\\nbattalions in the town (as there was no\\ndanger to be apprehended from the\\nenemy), they proceeded, on the 5th of\\nAugust, for Valencia. His Majesty\\nthen appointed Major-General Ramos,\\nwho had been present during the siege,\\ngovernor of Gibraltar; and sent with\\nhim about 400 men for its greater\\nGeneral Ramos afterwards\\n_[ed by Colonel Roger Elliot; dur\u00c2\u00ac\\ning jyhose government Gibraltar was\\nWdb a free port, by a special order\\nfrdki her Majesty Queen Anne.\\nThe following was the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nmanifesto on the occasion:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nBy the Hon. Roger Elliot, Colonel\\nof on\u00c2\u00bb of her Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiments of\\nfoot, and Governor of the city and gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison of Gibraltar.\\nWflereas her Majesty of Great Bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain, c. hath been graciously pleased, by\\nher warrant to me, dated 19 th February\\nlast, to confirm her former declarations\\nfor the freedom of this port, and to re\u00c2\u00ac\\ngulate and command me not to permit\\nany duty or imposition whatsoever to\\nbe laid or received for any ship or\\nvessel, or for any goods, wares, mer\u00c2\u00ac\\nchandise, or provisions, imported or\\nexported out of this port; but that the\\nsame be free and open for all ships and\\nvessels, goods, wares, merchandise, and\\nprovisions: these are to make known\\nand publish her said Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s royal\\nwill and pleasure; and all persons con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncerned are hereby strictly required to\\ntake notice thereof, not presuming to\\ndemand or receive any duty or imposi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion whatsoever for any ship or vessel,\\nor for any goods, wares, merchandise,\\nor provisions, as they will answer the\\ncontrary at their peril.\\nGiven at Gibraltar, April, 1706.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nColonel Congreve was commandant\\nbefore 1714. He was succeeded by\\nColonel Cotton. In 1720 Gibraltar\\nseems to have been threatened by the\\nSpaniards. Ceuta, a Spanish fortress\\nin Barbary, had then been besieged\\nmany years by the Moors; and a for\u00c2\u00ac\\nmidable force, commanded by the Mar\u00c2\u00ac\\nquis de Leda, was assembled in Gibral\u00c2\u00ac\\ntar Bay, under pretence of relieving it,\\nbut with a secret intention of first sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nprising Gibraltar; for which purpose\\nthey had procured scaling-ladders, c.\\nc. This armament was not fitted out\\nso secretly but that the British minis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntry had timely notice, and, suspecting\\nsome finesse, dispatched orders to Co\u00c2\u00ac\\nlonel Kane, governor of Minorca, im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately to embark a part of his gar-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "1727.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n9\\nrison, and repair to Gibraltar, under\\nconvoy of the fleet in the Mediterra\u00c2\u00ac\\nnean. On his arrival he found Gibral\u00c2\u00ac\\ntar in a very critical situation; the\\ngarrison consisting only of three weak\\nbattalions, commanded by Major He-\\ntherington, who, except Major Batte-\\nroux, was the only field-officer in the\\nplace. Many officers were absent, only\\nfourteen days\u00e2\u0080\u0099 provisions in the stores,\\nand many Spaniards in the town, with\\na fleet before its walls. Such was the\\nfeeble posture of affairs when he op\u00c2\u00ac\\nportunely arrived with 500 men, provi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions, and ammunition. The British\\ncommodore acted afterwards in so\\nspirited a manner, that the Marquis de\\nLeda was obliged to sail for Ceuta,\\nthough he continued of opinion that\\nthe garrison might have been taken by\\na general assault.\\nThis scheme proving abortive, Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar remained unmolested till the\\nlatter end of the year 1726, when the\\nSpaniards, who had kept a watchful\\neye on the garrison, assembled an\\narmy in the neighbourhood of Alge-\\nziras. On the 20th of January follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, they encamped on the plain below\\nSt. Roque, and began to erect a battery\\non the beach to protect their camp.\\nAdmiral Hopson was then at anchor in\\nthe bay, with a very formidable fleet;\\nbut, as he had not received any intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence of hostilities having commenced\\nbetween the courts of Great Britain and\\nMadrid, he was with reluctance com\u00c2\u00ac\\npelled to overlook the transporting of\\nprovisions, artillery, and ammunition\\nfrom Algeziras (where they had formed\\ntheir depots) to the camp. Brigadier\\nKane, who had been a second time or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered from Minorca to Gibraltar, lay\\nalso under similar embarrassments with\\nthe admiral. The operations of the\\nenemy, however, tending towards a\\ndirect attack upon the garrison, he\\nthought it prudent to order the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards out of the town, and forbid their\\ngalleys anchoring under his guns.\\nIt must be understood that Gibraltar\\nhad undergone considerable alterations\\nsince the siege of 1705: several works\\nhad been erected on the heights above\\nthe lines, which were distinguished by\\nthe name of Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries; the\\nPrince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines were also extended the\\nextremity of the rock; and an inunda\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion with a causeway was formed out\\nof the morass that was in front of the\\ngrand battery.\\nThe Count de Las Torres commanded\\nthe Spanish forces, amounting to near\\n20,000 men; and soon after his camp\\nwas formed, he advanced within reach\\nof the garrison. The brigadier there\u00c2\u00ac\\nupon dispatched a parley, to desire\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cThat he would withdraw from the\\nrange of his guns, otherwise he should\\ndo his utmost to force him.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The\\ncount answered, That, as the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson could command no more than they\\nhad power to maintain, he should obey\\nhis Catholic Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s orders, and en\u00c2\u00ac\\ncroach as far as he was able.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Not\u00c2\u00ac\\nwithstanding this insult, as war had\\nnot been formally declared, the bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngadier waived commencing hostilities,\\ntill the Spaniards, by their proceedings,\\nshould oblige him, in defence of his\\ncommand.\\nIn the beginning of February, Bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngadier Clayton, the lieutenant-go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor, arrived with reinforcements,\\non board Sir Charles Wager\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fleet;\\nand a council of war was immediately\\nsummoned, but the result was a deter\u00c2\u00ac\\nmination not to fire upon the Spaniards.\\nThe 10 th of February, the enemy\\nbrought materials for batteries to the\\nold windmill, on the neutral ground;\\nupon which the lieutenant-governor\\nagain collected the sense of the admirals\\nand field-officers; when in the second\\ncouncil it was unanimously agreed that\\nthe Spanish general had made open war\\nin encroaching so far on the liberties of\\nthe garrison. This being their opi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnion, Brigadier Clayton sent a parley\\nto the count, to know the reason of his\\nbreaking ground: to which the count\\nreplied, that he was on his master\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nground, and was not answerable to any\\nother person for his conduct.\u00e2\u0080\u009d As this\\nanswer directly indicated the hostile\\nintentions of the Spaniards, the lieute\u00c2\u00ac\\nnant-governor, in the evening, with\u00c2\u00ac\\ndrew the out-guard, and the succeeding\\nday in the afternoon opened the old\\nmole and Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries on their\\nworkmen. They persisted, neverthe\u00c2\u00ac\\nless, in carrying on the work and at", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "10\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. I.\\nnight a large party marched down to\\nthe Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Tower, where they imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately broke ground, and began a\\ncommunication with their other work.\\nThis party were greatly annoyed in\\nmarching to their post, but were soon\\nunder cover of the rock, where the guns\\ncould not be depressed to bear upon\\nthem.\\nNumbers of the enemy deserted to\\nthe garrison, by whom, on the 17th, the\\nlieutenant-governor was informed that\\nthey were constructing a mine, in a\\ncave under Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, with an intention,\\nif possible, to blow up that battery.\\nThe engineers on this intelligence re-\\nconnoitered the cave; which, after\\nsome difficulty, they discovered, with a\\nsentry at the entrance; and a party was\\nimmediately stationed to annoy the\\ncommunication with musketry. On\\nthe morning of the 22nd, the count\\nopened on the garrison, with seventeen\\npieces of cannon, besides mortars. The\\nday following Brigadier Kane left the\\ngarrison, to detach a reinforcement from\\nMinorca. In the mean time Sir Charles\\nWager and Admiral Hopson, with the\\nfleet under their command, were con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly distressing the enemy, by inter\u00c2\u00ac\\ncepting their homeward-bound ships\\nand the prizes which were brought\\ninto the bay greatly benefited the be\u00c2\u00ac\\nsieged. The 3rd of March, the enemy\\nopened a new battery of 22 guns on the\\nold mole and town; and on the 8th,\\nanother of 15 guns, bearing also upon\\nthe old mole, which, it seems, proved a\\ntroublesome battery to the western flank\\nof their approaches.\\nThe lieutenant-governor continued a\\nconstant and well-directed fire from all\\nthe batteries that bore upon their works:\\nbut the ordnance in general being old\\nwere bursting daily on the batteries;\\nby which accidents the garrison expe\u00c2\u00ac\\nrienced more casualties than from all\\nthe fire of the enemy. The 27th, Col.\\nMiddleton\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiment arrived, also six\\ncompanies and a half of Col. Hay\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\nwith two engineers, a captain of artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery, and several bombardiers, gunners,\\nand matrosses, with 140 recruits for the\\nother regiments.\\nThe admirals, the 2nd of April,\\nformed the design of bombarding Alge-\\nziras, whence the enemy were con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly supplied with various articles\\nof ammunition; but the ships, after\\ngetting under way, were becalmed, and\\nobliged to come to anchor; after which\\nthe navy never gave themselves any\\nfurther concern about annoying them\\nin that quarter. On the 10th Colonel\\nCosby arrived in the Solebay, with\\n500 men, from Minorca; and two days\\nfollowing the admirals sailed to the\\nwestward, leaving Commodore Davies\\nbehind, with six men-of-war and the\\nsloops. Sir Charles did not return\\nduring the siege. The 16th, the lieu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntenant-governor ordered two serjeants,\\nwith ten men each, to advance from\\nthe spur-guard, under the rock, and\\nalong the causeway, and alarm the\\nenemy in the trenches; giving them\\ndirections to retire when they found\\ntheir guards sufficiently alarmed, when\\nhe intended to salute them with grape,\\nc. from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and the lines. These\\norders were executed, and the enemy\\ninstantly beat to arms; but the bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbardier appointed to give the signal to\\nthe batteries, firing too soon, the enemy\\nsaw through the design, and retired\\nwithout any considerable loss.\\nLord Portmore, the governor, ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived on the 21st, with a battalion of\\nguards, and another of the line; also\\nColonel Watson, of the artillery, with\\nseveral noblemen as volunteers. The\\n26 th the count opened a new battery\\nagainst Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and the extremity of\\nPrince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines. Their batteries now\\nmounted sixty cannon, besides mortars.\\nIn the beginning of May the garrison\\nhad intelligence that the enemy de\u00c2\u00ac\\nsigned an assault: precautions were\\naccordingly taken, and the guns on\\nthe lower defences loaded with grape.\\nThe Spaniards added still to their\\napproaches, and raised various com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunications to and from their advanced\\nbatteries. Towards the 16th and 20th\\ntheir firing abated, but their engineers\\nproceeded in advancing their trenches.\\nOn the 31st a vessel arrived with 375\\nbarrels of powder from Lisbon. June\\nthe 3rd the Solebay came in, with a\\nfurther supply of 980 barrels of pow\u00c2\u00ac\\nder and 500 thirteen-inch shells, from\\nMahon. The firing continued till the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "1760.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n11\\n12th, when about ten at night Colonel\\nFitzgerald, of the Irish brigade, beat\\na parley, and being admitted into the\\ngarrison, delivered letters to Lord\\nPortmore from the Dutch minister at\\nthe court of Madrid, with a copy of\\nthe preliminaries of a general peace;\\nwhereupon a suspension of arms took\\nplace and all hostilities ceased on both\\nsides.\\nThe garrison lost in the whole about\\n300 killed and wounded; and 70 can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnon, with 30 mortars, burst during\\nthe siege. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s casualties could\\nnever be ascertained. In killed, wound\u00c2\u00ac\\ned, c. it was computed they lost near\\n3000 men.\\nWhen Lord Portmore and the count\\nagreed to a cessation, the Spaniards of\\ncourse were compelled to forsake the\\nmine under Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s: their parties,\\nhowever, taking possession of it a\\nsecond time, his lordship considered it\\nas a breach of the articles of cessation,\\nand represented it accordingly. The\\ncount afterwards withdrew the works\\nwere dismantled and levelled, and the\\ntroops retreated to their different can\u00c2\u00ac\\ntonments.\\nThe Spaniards during this siege\\nnever made the least attempt to cut off\\nthe communication by sea; so that the\\ngarrison was regularly supplied with\\nprovisions and fascines from Barbary,\\nand had a regular correspondence with\\nEngland.\\nIn 1728 the Parliament of Great\\nBritain addressed his Majesty King\\nGeorge II., to take effectual care, in\\nthe treaty then pending, to preserve his\\nundoubted right to Gibraltar and the\\nisland of Minorca. Overtures had been\\nmade by his Majesty George I. to re\u00c2\u00ac\\nstore the former to Spain, if the parlia\u00c2\u00ac\\nment would have consented to such\\nrestitution; but the minister, finding an\\nopposition, declined proceeding in the\\nbusiness. In 1730 Lieut.-Gen. Sabine\\nwas governor of Gibraltar. The Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards during his government erected\\nthe forts and lines across the isthmus,\\nabout a mile from the garrison, which\\neffectually prevent any communication\\nwith the country, and, as we have ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nperienced, are of considerable advan\u00c2\u00ac\\ntage in case of a siege. The western\\nfort, called St. Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, entirely com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmands the best anchorage on the side\\nof the bay next the garrison. Lieut.-\\nGen. Columbine succeeded General\\nSabine, and he was succeeded by Lieut-\\nGen. Hargrave.\\nGeneral Bland was appointed go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor in 1749, at which time a general\\nrelief of troops took place. The esta\u00c2\u00ac\\nblishment at that period was four bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntalions of infantry and a company of\\nartillery. Lord George Beauclerk and\\nthe Hon. General Herbert were seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nrally commandants in the absence of\\nGeneral Bland; and in 1755 Lieut.-\\nGen. Fowkes was deputed governor.\\nLord Tyrawley succeeded him, in\\nwhose absence the Earl of Panmure\\nwas commandant. Earl Home was\\nafterwards governor, and died there in\\n1761. During the government of this\\nnobleman, about the year 1760, an in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncident occurred, which, as it alarmed\\nthe garrison very much at that time, is\\ndeserving of notice. Two British re\u00c2\u00ac\\ngiments had been a very considerable\\ntime on that station, and, from the con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinuance of the war, saw little prospect\\nof being relieved. Amongst these a\\nconspiracy was formed by some dis\u00c2\u00ac\\naffected persons to surprise, plunder,\\nand massacre their officers, and in short\\nall whom they judged to be averse to\\ntheir designs. After securing the money\\nwhich was intended for the payment of\\nthe troops, they meant to purchase for\\nthemselves a secure retreat, by surren\u00c2\u00ac\\ndering this so much wished-for fortress\\ninto the hands of Spain. The numbers\\nwho joined the conspirators were not\\nfewer than 730. An accidental quarrel\\nin a wine-house defeated this dange\u00c2\u00ac\\nrous project, and produced a discovery.\\nReed, a private in the seventh regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, was executed on the grand parade\\nas the ringleader; and ten others were\\ncondemned.\\nAfter the death of Lord Home,\\nColonel Tovey and Major-General\\nParslow were each commandants, till\\nthe Hon. Lieut.-Gen. Cornwallis was\\nappointed governor. During this ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nneral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s absence from the garrison.\\nColonel Irwin was commandant and\\non General Cornwallis leaving Gibral\u00c2\u00ac\\ntar a second time, Major-Gen. Boyd,", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "12\\nHISTORY OF THE [chap. i.\\nlieutenant-governor, commanded. In i\\nthis general\u00e2\u0080\u0099s government the garrison\\nwas considerably strengthened with\\nthree new bastions on the sea-line, and\\nadditional improvements at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward.\\nIn 1776 the Right Hon. General\\nGeorge Augustus Eliott was appointed\\ngovernor of that important fortress, and\\njoined his command in 1777.\\nIn 1787 General Eliott, who had\\nbeen honoured in 1783 with the Order\\nof the Bath for his glorious defence of\\nGibraltar, returned to England, and\\nMajor-General O\u00e2\u0080\u0099Hara was appointed\\ncommandant during his absence.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "1789.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n13\\nCHAPTER II.\\nDescription of the Rock, with the Fortifications and Town of Gibraltar\u00e2\u0080\u0094Remains of Moorish\\nArchitecture\u00e2\u0080\u0094Natural Curiosities\u00e2\u0080\u0094Climate\u00e2\u0080\u0094Vegetation\u00e2\u0080\u0094Fish; and whence supplied with\\nCattle, e.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Military establishment\u00e2\u0080\u0094Description of the Bay\u00e2\u0080\u0094Algeziras\u00e2\u0080\u0094Some accounts of\\nthe ancient City of Carteia\u00e2\u0080\u0094St. Roque\u00e2\u0080\u0094Conclusive Remarks.\\nAs the History which is to be the sub\u00c2\u00ac\\nject of the following pages wdll be\\nmore in detail than the preceding nar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrative, it may on some accounts be ne\u00c2\u00ac\\ncessary, and cannot on any, I flatter\\nmyself, be disagreeable, to present the\\nreader with a short description of this\\ncelebrated rock, and the fortifications\\nwhich have been erected for its de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfence.\\nThe promontory, or rock, at the foot\\nof which stands the town, is upwards of\\n1300 feet in height; projecting into the\\nsea several miles from the continent,\\nwith which it is connected by an isth\u00c2\u00ac\\nmus of low sand. This appearance\\nmakes it not improbable that Mons\\nCalpe in former ages has been totally\\nsurrounded by the sea. The north\\nfront of the peninsula, which presents\\nitself to the main land, is of various\\nheights. The breadth of the isthmus,\\nat the foot of the rock, is about 900\\nyards; but it grows considerably wider\\ntowards the country. Across this isth\u00c2\u00ac\\nmus (which, with Gibraltar and the\\nopposite coast, forms the bay) the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards have drawn a fortified line at\\nabout a mile\u00e2\u0080\u0099s distance from the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, extending 1700 yards, and em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbracing both shores: a fort of masonry\\nis erected at each extremity, mounting\\n23 or 24 guns each these forts are of\\ndifferent forms, and are called Fort St.\\nPhilip and Fort St. Barbara. The\\nformer of them commands the best and\\nthe usual anchoring place of our ship\u00c2\u00ac\\nping and small craft, and, by forming a\\ncross fire with Fort St. Barbara on the\\nneutral ground, prevents all communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncation between the garrison and the\\ncountry.\\nThe rock, as I have mentioned be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore, is upwards of 1300 feet perpendicu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar above the level of the sea; and is se\u00c2\u00ac\\nparated by a ridge from north to south,\\ndividing it into two unequal parts. The\\nwestern front or division is a gradual\\nslope, interspersed with precipices but\\nthe opposite side, looking to the Medi\u00c2\u00ac\\nterranean, and the north front facing\\nthe Spanish lines, are both naturally\\nvery steep, and totally inaccessible. It\\nis this peculiar circumstance which\\nforms the chief strength of Gibraltar.\\nThe town is built at the foot of the\\nnorth-west face of the hill, and is for\u00c2\u00ac\\ntified in an irregular manner. The\\ncommunication with it from the isth\u00c2\u00ac\\nmus is by a long narrow causeway\\n(serving as a dam to an inundation),\\nwhich is defended by a curtain, with\\ntwo bastions, mounting 26 pieces of\\ncannon, a dry ditch, covered way, and\\nglacis well mined. These, with the\\ncauseway, are warmly flanked by the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and Prince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines;\\nworks cut in the rock with immense\\nlabour, and scarped to be almost inac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncessible. Above the lines are the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and others at different\\nheights, until they crown the summit\\nof the rock, where several batteries are\\nerected for cannon and mortars. These\\nbatteries, the lowest of which is up\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards of 400 feet above the neutral\\nground, mount between 50 and 60\\npieces of heavy ordnance, and entirely\\ncommand the isthmus below. Exclu\u00c2\u00ac\\nsive of what are here mentioned, addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntional works of a singular nature were\\nprojected in 1782, which, with others in\\nthe lines, on a similar plan, that are\\n(1789) executing under the direction of", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "14\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. II.\\nMajor-General O\u00e2\u0080\u0099Hara, will render Gi\u00c2\u00ac\\nbraltar almost impregnable in that\\nquarter. The old mole, to the west of\\nthe grand battery, forms also a very\\nformidable flank, and, with the lines, a\\ncross-fire on the causeway and neutral\\nground. This battery has been found\\nso great an annoyance to the besiegers,\\nthat, by way of distinction, it has long\\nbeen known under the appellation of\\nthe Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Tongue. Indeed, the ord\u00c2\u00ac\\nnance in the lines, upon the grand bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, and the old mole, all together, ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nhibit so formidable an appearance to a\\nspectator on the causeway, that the en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrance into the garrison is called by the\\nSpaniards the Mouth of Fire.\\nFrom the grand battery, along the\\nsea-line, looking towards the bay, the\\ntown is defended by the North, Monta-\\nue\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,* Prince of Orange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and\\nouth bastions; the line-wall or cur\u00c2\u00ac\\ntains between which mount many can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnon and mortars. Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, Prince\\nof Orange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastions have\\nbeen erected lately. The latter is a\\nvery complete piece of fortification,\\ncommanding the bay from New to Old\\nmole heads, and mounting 12 thirty-\\ntwo pounders and four ten-inch howit\u00c2\u00ac\\nzers in front, 10 guns and howitzers\\non its flanks, and has casemates for 800\\nmen, with kitchens and ovens for cook\u00c2\u00ac\\ning. Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s is much smaller,\\nmounts only 12 pieces of cannon, but\\nhas a casemate for 200 men, communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncating with the Old mole. In 1782\\nthe engineers began a cavalier upon\\nthis bastion for 2 guns; but it was\\nnot finished till after the grand attack\\nin September. Another work of this\\nnature was likewise erected in the be\u00c2\u00ac\\nginning of the blockade, for 5 guns, on\\nthe north bastion of the grand battery.\\nThese bastions and the connecting cur\u00c2\u00ac\\ntains were so much injured in the last siege,\\nthat it was thought necessary to take them\\ndown, and strengthen this part of the town\\nfortifications by an extensive line of new\\nworks projecting to a considerable distance\\ninto the sea the foundations of which were\\nlaid in 1788. Many officers, however, doubt\\nwhether the substantial defences of Gibraltar\\nare improved by these alterations. Some ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nditions were likewise made in the same place\\nto the Grand battery and at Land Port, where\\nthey were more wanted.\\nThe town on the sea-line is not less\\nI protected by natural defences than by\\nfortifications. A shoal of sharp rocks\\nextends along the front far into the\\nbay, and prevents ships of large bur\u00c2\u00ac\\nthen from approaching very near the\\nwalls.\\nFrom the south bastion (which is\\nconsiderably higher than the rest of\\nthe works, in order to protect the town\\nfrom the eminences on the red sands)\\na curtain extends up the face of the\\nhill, and concludes, at an inaccessible\\nprecipice, the works of the town. In\\nthis curtain is the South-port gate,\\nbefore which, and the south bastion, is\\na dry ditch, with a covered way and\\nglacis. At the east end, on the de\u00c2\u00ac\\nclivity of the hill, above the gate, is a\\nlarge flat bastion connected with the\\ncurtain, and mounting 13 guns, bearing\\non the bay, c. This work is covered\\nby a demi-bastion that joins the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\ncipice. Above the precipice, an old\\nMoorish wall is continued to the ridge\\nof the rock in the front of which a cur\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain with loop-holes and redans (built\\nin the reign of the Emperor Charles V.,\\nand called after his name) extends to\\nthe top, effectually cutting off all com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunication in that quarter. Between\\nthe Moorish and Charles the Fifth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nwalls is the signal-house whence, on a\\nserene and clear day, the guard have an\\nunbounded view of the Mediterranean,\\nand can just observe a part of the At\u00c2\u00ac\\nlantic Ocean over the Spanish moun\u00c2\u00ac\\ntains. Signals formerly were made\\nat this post on the appearance of top\u00c2\u00ac\\nsail vessels from east and west; but\\nsoon after the commencement of the\\nlate war we discovered that the Spanish\\ncruisers were more frequently informed\\nof the approach of our friends by our\\nsignals than by their own. The sig\u00c2\u00ac\\nnals were therefore discontinued during\\nthe siege, but were resumed after the\\ngeneral peace of 1783.\\nThe above account comprehends a\\ngeneral description of the fortifications\\nof the town, avoiding too minute a de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntail of each work. I shall therefore\\nproceed in describing, in the same\\ngeneral manner, the works to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward.\\nFrom the south bastion a line-wall", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "1789.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n15\\nis continued along the beach to the\\nNew mole, where an irregular fort is\\nerected, mounting 26 guns. This line-\\nwall is divided by a small bastion of\\n8 guns; and in its rear is a retired\\nwork, called the Princess of Wales\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlines, in which are several strong bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries for the sea. Near the south\\nbastion, though without the town, is a\\nwharf called Ragged Staff, where the\\nsupplies for the garrison are usually\\nlanded, being convenient from its vi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncinity to the victualling-office and store\u00c2\u00ac\\nhouses in the town. The communica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion to this quay is by spiral wooden\\nstairs, and a drawbridge opening into\\nthe covered way; in front of which is a\\nsmall work of masonry mounting 2\\nguns. At the foot of the stairs is the\\nbasin, where shipping take in water.\\nTwo tanks are also appropriated to\\nthis purpose near the eight-gun bas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion.\\nWithin the New mole there is depth\\nof water sufficient for a ship of the\\nline to lie alongside the wharf and\\nheave down. At the mole head is a\\ncircular battery for heavy metal, joined\\nto the New mole fort by a strong wall,\\nfraised; having a banquette for mus\u00c2\u00ac\\nketry, with two embrasures opening\\ntowards the bay. This mole, with the\\nOld mole at Waterport, were built for\\nthe accommodation of trading vessels\\nthe former, however, is generally oc\u00c2\u00ac\\ncupied by men-of-war; and the latter,\\nnot having more than six feet at low\\nwater, only admits small craft to the\\nwharfs: merchantmen of large burthen\\nare obliged therefore to anchor about\\nhalf or three quarters of a mile from\\nWaterport, in seven or eight fathoms.\\nBut in time of war this anchorage is\\ncommanded by the Spanish forts they\\nare consequently, in case of a rupture\\nwith Spain, under the necessity of re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoving to the southward of the New\\nmole, where the ground is so rocky\\nand foul that they are often in immi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnent danger during the strong south\u00c2\u00ac\\nerly winds. From the New mole fort\\nto the north end of Rosia Bay, the rock\\nis difficult of access; nevertheless a\\nparapet is continued, and batteries are\\nerected, as situations dictate. The\\nworks at Rosia are strong, and flank\\neach other. They are close along\\nthe beach, which is low, and have a\\nretired battery of 8 guns in the rear.\\nThe rock continues to ascend from\\nthe south point of Rosia Bay, by Par\u00c2\u00ac\\nson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Lodge (behind which, upon an\\neminence, is a new battery en barbet\\non traversing carriages), to Camp-\\nguard, and Buena Vista; so called\\nfrom the beautiful prospect which is\\nthere presented to a spectator of the\\nbay and the neighbouring kingdoms of\\nBarbary and Spain. A line-wall is\\nraised, notwithstanding the rock being\\ninaccessible, with cannon at different\\ndistances. At Buena Vista there are\\nseveral guns en barbet, which have\\ngreat command; and the hill towards\\nEurope is slightly fortified, which\\ngives it the appearance, at a distance,\\nof an old castle repaired. The rock\\nthen descends by the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Bowling-\\ngreen, so named from the irregularity\\nof its surface, to Little Bay. At this\\npost, which is totally surrounded with\\nprecipices, there is a barbet batter}\u00e2\u0080\u0099,\\nflanking the works to the new mole:\\nthence the rock continues naturally\\nsteep for a considerable distance, when\\nthe line-wall and batteries recommence,\\nand extend in an irregular manner to\\nEuropa Point, the southern extremity\\nof the garrison, though not the southern\\npoint of Europe. The rock from this\\npoint is regularly perpendicular to\\nEuropa advance, where a few batteries,\\nand a post at the Cave-guard, terminate\\nthe works. The fortifications along\\nthe sea-line at Europa do not, however,\\nconstitute the principal strength of that\\npart of the garrison. The retired and\\ninaccessible lines of Windmill-hill have\\ngreat command, and, being situated\\nwithin musket-shot of the sea, are very\\nformidable, and of great consequence\\nin that quarter.\\nThe preceding description, it is\\nhoped, will be sufficiently explanatory.\\nThe new bastions on the sea-line were\\nplanned and executed by, and under the\\ndirection of the chief engineer, Major-\\nGeneral Sir William Green, Bart.\\nLieutenant-General Robert Boyd laid\\nthe foundation-stone of the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bas-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "16\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[_CHAP. II.\\ntion, in the absence of General Corn\u00c2\u00ac\\nwallis, the governor. The garrison\\nalso underwent considerable alterations\\nwhilst he commanded: W indmill-hill\\nwas fortified, and other changes were\\neffected at the southward. The im\u00c2\u00ac\\nprovements on the northern front were\\ncarried on under the direction of Ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nneral George Augustus Eliott since\\nhe was appointed to the government.\\nThe communication, or gallery leading\\nto St. George\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Hall, above Farring-\\ndon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery; Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s-lines battery,\\nand communication two works of the\\nsame nature, which extend under the\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s*), and in the\\nrock above Prince of Hesse\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion;\\nare all so singularly contrived, and\\nof so formidable a nature, that all\\ndirect attacks by land, henceforward,\\nmay be considered as quixotism and\\ninsanity.\\nBefore the interior part of the place\\nis described, it will not be improper to\\nconclude the description of its outer\\nworks, by inserting an abstract of the\\nguns, howitzers, and mortars mounted\\nupon the different batteries. The ori\u00c2\u00ac\\nginal, from which this was copied, was\\ntaken in the beginning of March, 1783.\\nCannon. Mortars. Howitzers.\\nPounders.\\nInch.\\nf\\n24\\n4\\n54\\nNature of Ordnance\\n32\\n18\\n12\\n9\\n6\\n13\\n10\\n8\\n4*\\nl\\n26\\n3\\n4\\nServiceable Ordnance, mounted\\n77\\n122\\n104\\n70\\n16\\n25\\n38\\n29\\n1\\n6\\n34\\nField Artillery\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n4\\n0\\n6\\n8\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nServiceable Ordnance, dismounted\\n0\\n27\\n9\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n15\\n0\\n2\\n7\\n31\\n77\\n149\\n113\\n74\\n16\\n31\\n61\\n29\\n3\\n13\\n65\\nInch.\\n10 8 5\\n19 9 0\\n0 0 4\\n0 0 0\\nTo 9 T\\nTotal serviceable in the\\nThe town of Gibraltar is built on a\\nbed of red sand, similar to those emi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnences without Southport, which ori\u00c2\u00ac\\nginally extended from Landport to the\\nfoot of the ascent to the south barracks.\\nThe buildings, before the town was\\ndestroyed in the late siege, were com\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed of different materials, principally\\nof tapia;f though, since the English\\nhave been in possession of Gibraltar,\\nmany have been built of the rock-\\nstone, plastered, and blue-washed on\\nthe outside, to break the powerful rays\\nof the sun, which otherwise would be\\ntoo glaring, and prejudicial to the eyes.\\nThe modern houses were in general\\ncovered with tiles; but the flat terraced\\nroofs remained in those erected by the\\nSpaniards, and in some, the mirandas\\nor towers, whence the inhabitants,\\nwithout removing from home, had a\\nbeautiful and extensive prospect of the\\nbay and neighbouring coasts.\\nThe gallery under the Queen s battery\\nhas been continued by General O\u00e2\u0080\u0099Hara, and\\nnow communicates with the Prince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines:\\nit is called the Union Gallery.\\nA cement consisting of mortar made of\\nsand, lime, and small pebbles, which being\\nwell tempered and wrought together in a frame,\\nacquires great strength and solidity.\\ngarrison. 663 pieces of artillery.\\nOf the buildings that are most de\u00c2\u00ac\\nserving notice, the old Moorish castle\\nis the most conspicuous. This antique\\nstructure is situated on the north-west\\nside of the hill, and originally con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisted of a triple wall, the outer in\u00c2\u00ac\\nclosure descending to the water\u00e2\u0080\u0099s edge\\nbut the lower parts have long since\\nbeen removed, and the grand battery\\nand Waterport fortifications erected on\\ntheir ruins; and the first, or upper\\nwall, would long ago have shared the\\nsame fate, had it not been found of\\nservice in covering the town from the\\nisthmus, in case of a siege. The walls\\nstanding at present form an oblong\\nsquare, ascending tjie hill, at the upper\\nangle of which is the principal tower,\\nwhere the governor or alcaide for\u00c2\u00ac\\nmerly resided. The ruins of a Moorish\\nmosque, or place of worship, can be\\ntraced within the walls; as also a\\nneat morisque court, and reservoir for\\nwater: but the latter cannot, without\\ngreat difficulty, be discovered by a\\nstranger. A large tower on the south\u00c2\u00ac\\neast wall has long been converted into\\na magazine for powder; and in dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nferent places quarters were fitted up,\\nbefore the late siege, for officers and", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "1789.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n17\\ntwo companies of soldiers. This castle\\nwas erected, as I have mentioned be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore, by the Saracens or Moors, on their\\nfirst invading Spain; and the present\\nvenerable remains are incontestable\\nproofs of its magnificence whilst it\\ncontinued in their possession.\\nThe other principal buildings are\\nthe convent, or governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s quarters;\\nthe lieutenant-governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s house, which\\nis a modern structure;- the admiralty\\nhouse, formerly a monastery of white\\nfriars; the soldiers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 barracks, victual\u00c2\u00ac\\nling-office, and store-house. Besides\\nthese, there are the Spanish church,\\nthe atarasana, or galley-house, and\\nsome other buildings, formerly of note,\\nbut now in ruins from the fire of the\\nSpaniards during the late siege,*\\nAt the southward are the South bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nracks and the Navy hospital. The\\nformer a stately building, delightfully\\nsituated, with a parade in front, and\\ntwo pavilions detached; the whole ca\u00c2\u00ac\\npable of quartering 1200 men, and\\nofficers proportionate. The latter a\\ncapacious pile, well adapted to the pur\u00c2\u00ac\\npose for which it was intended: it has\\nan area in the centre, with piazzas and\\na gallery above, by which the sick may\\nenjoy the sun, or shade, as they think\\nproper: there are apartments for 1000\\nmen, with pavilions at each wing for\\nthe accommodation and convenience of\\nthe surgeons and their attendants. This\\nhospital was originally erected for the\\nnavy, in case a British fleet should be\\nstationed in the Mediterranean; but, on\\nthe Spaniards bombarding the town in\\n1781, the governor removed into it the\\nsick of the garrison. At some distance,\\nin the front of the South barracks, are\\ntwo powder magazines, in which the\\nsupplies from England are usually de\u00c2\u00ac\\nposited, before they are distributed to\\nthe other magazines. These last were\\nthe chief, I might say almost the only\\nbuildings remaining on the rock after\\nthe late siege; and their preservation\\nwas owing to their being kept in con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstant repair by workmen purposely ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npointed for that duty.\\nSince the peace of 1783, the greatest part\\nof the town has been rebuilt, and (which is\\nmuch to be regretted) on the old foundations\\nand plan.\\nBeside the remains of Moorish ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nchitecture which have already been\\nmentioned, the following have been\\nesteemed not unworthy of notice.\\nWithin the town we find the galley-\\nhouse, and part of the Spanish church;\\nalso the bomb-house, adjoining the\\nline-wall: and at the southward, ruins\\nof Moorish buildings are discernible on\\nWindmill-hill, and at Europa. The\\nformer are situated on an eminence,\\nbut no antiquarian can determine to\\nwhat use they were appropriated: some\\nare of opinion they were burying-vaults\\nfor persons of rank; others suppose\\nthem a prison; whilst, in the garrison,\\nthe whole is generally known by the\\nname of the Inquisition. At Europa,\\nopposite the guard-house, may be traced\\nthe remains of a building erected by\\nthe Moors, but used by the Spaniards as\\na chapel, and called Nuestra Senora del\\nEuropa. Along the water\u00e2\u0080\u0099s edge, with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout the fortification, are also several\\nruins of Moorish walls; and towards\\nEuropa Advance is a Moorish bath,\\ncalled by the garrison the Nuns\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Well.\\nIt is sunk 8 feet deep in the rock,\\nis 72 feet long, and 42 feet broad, and\\nto preserve the water, has an arched\\nroof, supported by pillars. To the left\\nof this bath is a cave, under Windmill-\\nhill, known by the name of Beef-steak\\nCave, which was a common residence\\nfor many of the inhabitants during the\\nlate siege.\\nThe hill abounds in cavities, that\\nserve as receptacles for the rain. None,\\nhowever, is so singular and worthy of\\nnotice as St. Michael\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Cave, on the side\\nof the hill, in a line with the South\\nbarracks, about 1100 feet above the\\nlevel of the sea. At the entrance are\\nthe remains of a strong wall. The\\nmouth is only 5 feet wide; but on\\ndescending a slope of earth, it widens\\nconsiderably, and, with the assistance\\nof torches, the openings of several\\nsmaller caves are discovered. The\\nouter cave is about 200 feet long, and\\n90 broad. The top appears to be sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nported by pillars of vast magnitude,\\nformed by the perpetual droppings of\\npetrifying water, the whole bearing\\ngreat resemblance to the inside of a\\ngloomy Gothic cathedral.\\nc", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "18\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap, il\\nThe several gradations in the pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ngress of these petrifactions are easily\\ndiscovered. In some may be observed\\nsmall capitals, descending from the roof,\\nwhilst proportionable bases rise under\u00c2\u00ac\\nneath others again are formed of very\\nsmall diameter and a third class, im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmensely large, seem to support the roof\\nof this wonderful cavern. Visitors\\nare generally conducted to view this\\ncave; and numbers, with the assistance\\nof ropes and torches, have attempted\\nto explore the depth; however, after\\ndescending about 500 feet, they have\\nbeen obliged to return, by the gross\\nvapours which issued from beneath.\\nIt was in this cave that the Spaniards\\nconcealed themselves in the siege of\\n1727, when a party of them, unper\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived, got into the garrison, at the\\nCave-guard, near Europa Advance, but\\nafterwards failed in their enterprise.\\nThere are several other caves on dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nferent parts of the hill, in which the water\\npossesses the same petrifying qualities.\\nOne under Middle-hill, called Poco-\\nroca, was fitted up, previous to the\\nbombardment, for the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s re\u00c2\u00ac\\nception but was afterwards converted\\ninto a powder magazine, being very\\nconvenient for the batteries on ihe\\nheights.\\nAmongst the natural curiosities of\\nGibraltar, the petrified bones, found in\\nthe cavities of the rocks, have greatly\\nattracted the attention of the curious.\\nThese bones are not found in one par\u00c2\u00ac\\nticular part, but have been discovered\\nin various places at a considerable dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntance from each other. From the rocks\\nnear Rosia Bay (without the line-\\nwall) great quantities of this curious\\npetrifaction have been collected, and\\nsent home for the inspection of natu\u00c2\u00ac\\nralists. Some of the bones are of large\\ndiameter; and, being broken with the\\nrock, the marrow is easily to be dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinguished. Colonel James, in his\\ndescription of Gibraltar, mentions an\\nentire human skeleton being discovered\\nin the solid rock at the Prince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines;\\nwhich the miner blew to pieces: and\\nin the beginning of the late blockade,\\na party of miners, forming a cave at\\nUpper All\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Well, in the lines, produced\\nseveral bones that were petrified to the\\nrock, and appeared to have belonged\\nto a large bird: being present at the\\ntime, I procured several fragments;\\nbut in the bombardment of 1781 they\\nwere destroyed with other similar cu\u00c2\u00ac\\nriosities.\\nThe hill is remarkable for the number\\nof apes about its summit, which are said\\nnot to be found in any other part of\\nSpain. They breed in places inacces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsible to man, and frequently appear in\\nlarge droves with their young on their\\nbacks, on the western face of the hill.\\nIt is imagined they were originally\\nbrought from Barbary by the Moors, as\\na similar species inhabits Mons Abyla,\\nwhich, on that account, is generally\\ncalled Ape\u00e2\u0080\u0099s-hill. Red-legged par\u00c2\u00ac\\ntridges are often found in coveys;\\nwoodcocks and teal are sometimes seen,\\nand wild rabbits are caught about\\nEuropa and Windmill-hill. The gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison orders forbid officers to shoot on\\nthe western side of the rock; parties,\\nhowever, often go in boats round Eu\u00c2\u00ac\\nropa Point to kill wild pigeons, which\\nare numerous in the caves.\\nEagles and vultures annually visit\\nGibraltar from Barbary, in their way\\nto the interior parts of Spain. The\\nformer breed in the craggy parts of\\nthe rock, and, with the hawk, are often\\nseen towering round its summit. Mos-\\nchetoes are exceedingly troublesome\\ntowards the close of summer, and\\nlocusts are sometimes found. The\\nscorpion, centipes, and other venomous\\nreptiles, abound amongst the rocks and\\nold buildings and the harmless green\\nlizard and snake are frequently caught\\nby the soldiers, who, after drawing\\ntheir teeth, treat them with every\\nmark of fondness.\\nWith regard to the climate of Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar, the inhabitants breathe a tempe\u00c2\u00ac\\nrate and wholesome air for most part\\nof the year. The summer months of\\nJune, July, and August are excessively\\nwarm, with a perpetual serene and\\nclear sky: the heat is however allayed,\\nin a great measure, by a constant re\u00c2\u00ac\\nfreshing breeze from the sea, which\\nusually sets in about ten in the fore\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoon, continuing till almost sunset;\\nand, from its invigorating and agree\u00c2\u00ac\\nable coolness, is emphatically called", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "1790.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n19\\nthe Doctor. The cold in winter is not\\nso excessive as in the neighbouring\\nparts of the country. Snow falls but\\nseldom, and ice is a rarity; yet the\\nGranadian mountains in Spain, and the\\nlofty mountains in Africa, have snow\\nlying on them for several months.\\nHeavy rains, high winds, and most\\ntremendous thunder, with dreadfully\\nvivid lightning, are the attendants on\\nDecember and January. The rain\\nthen pours down in torrents from the\\nhill, and, descending with great rapi\u00c2\u00ac\\ndity, often chokes up the drains with\\nlarge stones and rubbish, and some\u00c2\u00ac\\ntimes does great injury to the works\\nbut these storms are never of long\\nduration the sky soon clears up; the\\nheavy clouds disperse; the cheering\\nsun appears, and sufficiently compen\u00c2\u00ac\\nsates for the horrors of the preceding\\nnight. It is during this season that\\nthe water that serves the garrison for\\nthe ensuing summer is collected. The\\naqueduct, which conducts it to the\\nfountain in the centre of the town, is\\nextremely well executed; and was con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstructed by a Jesuit, when the Spaniards\\nwere in possession of Gibraltar. It is\\nerected beneath the bank of sand, with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout South port, beginning to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of the eight-gun bastion, and,\\ncollecting the rain-water that filters\\nthrough the sand, conducts it to the\\nSouth port, and thence to the fountain.\\nThe water, thus strained and purified,\\nis remarkably clear and wholesome.\\nThe appearance of the Rock is barren\\nand forbidding, as few trees or shrubs,\\nexcepting palmettos, are to be seen on\\nthe face of the hill; yet it is not en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntirely destitute of vegetation; wild\\nherbs, of different kinds, spring up in\\nthe interstices of the rocks, when the\\nperiodical rains set in, and afford some\\ntrifling nourishment to the bullocks,\\nsheep, and goats that browse upon the\\nhill. The first rains generally fall in\\nSeptember or October, and continue at\\nintervals to refresh the garrison till\\nApril or May. When they cease, and\\nthe powerful rays of the sun have\\nwithered the little verdure that ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared on the hill, nothing offers to\\nthe eye but sharp uncouth rocks, and\\ndried palmetto bushes. The soil col\u00c2\u00ac\\nlected in the low ground is, however,\\nextremely rich and fertile, producing a\\nvariety of fruits and vegetables. Colo\u00c2\u00ac\\nnel James, in his elaborate history of\\nthe Herculean Straits, enumerates no\\nless than 300 different herbs which are\\nto be found on various parts of the\\nrock. Gibraltar consequently must be\\nan excellent field of amusement to a\\nbotanist.\\nThe garrison, before the blockade of\\n1779, was chiefly supplied with roots\\nand garden-stuff from the gardens on\\nthe neutral ground, which, being on a\\nflat, could almost constantly (even in\\nsummer) be kept in a state of vege\u00c2\u00ac\\ntation. The proprietors of these gar\u00c2\u00ac\\ndens were obliged to relinquish them\\nin 1779, when the Spaniards erected\\ntheir advanced works: from that period\\nGeneral Eliott encouraged cultivation\\nwithin his own limits by every possible\\nindulgence. Many plots at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward were enclosed with walls, the\\nground cleared of stones and rubbish,\\nand soil collected from other parts;\\nso that with assiduity and perseverance,\\nafter some time the produce during the\\nwinter season was so increased as to be\\nalmost equal to the consumption and\\nprobably, in the space of a few years,\\nthe garrison may be totally independent,\\nin this article, of any assistance from\\nthe neighbourhood.\\nGibraltar, being nearly surrounded\\nby the sea, is exceedingly well sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nplied with fish: the John-doree, tur\u00c2\u00ac\\nbot, sole, salmon, hake, rock-cod, mul\u00c2\u00ac\\nlet, and ranger, with great variety of\\nless note, are caught along the Spanish\\nshore, and in different parts of the bay.\\nMackerel are also taken in vast num\u00c2\u00ac\\nbers during the season, and shell-fish\\nare sometimes brought from the neigh\u00c2\u00ac\\nbouring parts. The Moors, in time of\\npeace, supply the garrison with ox-\\nbeef, mutton, veal, and poultry, on\\nmoderate terms; and from Spain they\\nprocure pork, which is remarkable for\\nits sweetness and flavour. Fruits of\\nall kinds, such as melons, oranges,\\ngreen figs, grapes, pomegranates, c.,\\nare brought in abundance from Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbary and Portugal: and the best .wines\\nare drank at very reasonable prices.\\nThe present military establishment\\nc 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "20\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. ir.\\nof Gibraltar (1st of January. 1790)\\nconsists of six companies of artillery,\\nnine regiments of the line, and a com\u00c2\u00ac\\npany of artificers, commanded by en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngineers; composing an army of up\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards of 4000 men, officers included.\\nBefore the late bombardment, the\\ntroops were quartered in the barracks\\nat the southward, and in quarters fitted\\nup out of the old Spanish buildings in\\ntown. The officers were distributed\\nin the same manner; but in case of re\u00c2\u00ac\\ninforcements, and that government\\nquarters were not sufficient for their\\naccommodation, billet-money was al\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowed in proportion to rank, and the\\nofficers hired lodgings from the inha\u00c2\u00ac\\nbitants.\\nThe regiments, on their arrival in\\nthe garrison, are entitled to salt pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvisions from the stores, in the follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning proportion.* One ration for each\\nserjeant, corporal, drummer, and pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvate, consisting of 7 lbs. of bread, de\u00c2\u00ac\\nlivered twice a week, beef 2 lbs. 8 oz.,\\npork 1 lb., butter 10 oz., peas half a\\ngallon, and groats 3 pints every com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmissioned and warrant officer, under a\\ncaptain, receives two rations, a captain\\nthree, a major and lieutenant-colonel\\nfour, a colonel six. In times of pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nfound peace, officers generally receive\\na compensation in money for their pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvisions, or dispose of them to the Jews,\\nof whom there are great numbers in\\nthe garrison, who are always ready to\\npurchase, or take them in barter. The\\ntroops are paid in currency, which, let\\nthe exchange of the garrison be above\\nor below par, never varies to the non\u00c2\u00ac\\ncommissioned and privates. A serjeant\\nreceives weekly, as full garrison pay,\\none dollar, six reals, equal to ninepence\\nsterling, per diem; a corporal, and\\ndrummer, one dollar, one real, and five\\nquartils, in sterling about sixpence\\nper diem; and a private, seven reals,\\nor fourpence half-penny sterling per\\ndiem. Officers receive their subsistence\\naccording to the currency thirty-six\\npence per dollar is par. During the late\\nThe garrison of Gibraltar is now put on\\nthe sante footing as all other British garrisons\\nabroad, in respect to rations of provisions as\\nwell as rates of pay.\\nbombardment, the exchange, for a con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable time, was as high as forty-\\ntwo pence, by which those gentlemen\\nwho were under the necessity of draw\u00c2\u00ac\\ning for their pay, lost sixpence in every\\nthree shillings; and it seldom was\\nlower than forty pence whilst the siege\\ncontinued. The coins current in Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar are those used in Spain. All\\naccounts are kept in dollars, reals, and\\nquartils the two former, like the pound\\nsterling, are imaginary; the latter is\\na copper coin.\\nThe bay of Gibraltar, formed by\\nthe headlands of Cabrita and Europa\\npoints, is commodious, and seems in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended by nature to command the\\nStraits there are opportunities, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, when a fleet may pass unobserved\\nby the garrison; for such is the im\u00c2\u00ac\\npenetrable thickness of the mists,\\nwhich usually prevail during the east\u00c2\u00ac\\nerly winds, that many ships have baf\u00c2\u00ac\\nfled the vigilance of the cruisers, and\\ngone through unnoticed; the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nwesterly winds, particularly at the\\nequinox, are also often attended with\\nsuch thick and rainy weather, that ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels have passed through and got into\\nthe bay without being seen.\\nSince Gibraltar has been in the pos\u00c2\u00ac\\nsession of the English, the Spaniards\\nhave erected, in different parts of the\\nbay, several batteries and forts for the\\nprotection of their small craft in war,\\nand to prevent their coast from being\\nannoyed. At Cabrita, which is a bold\\nrocky point, are a barbet battery and\\nwatch-tower, whence, during the block\u00c2\u00ac\\nade, signals of flags by day, and lights\\nat night, were made to inform the\\nSpanish cruisers at Algeziras, c. of\\nthe approach of any vessel towards the\\nbay. These watch-towers are distri\u00c2\u00ac\\nbuted, at short distances, along the\\ncoast for a considerable extent, to alarm\\nthe country, in case of a visit from the\\nAlgerines, or when any other extraor\u00c2\u00ac\\ndinary circumstance happens. To the\\nnorthward of Cabrita are two others,\\nwith a fort at the northernmost tower,\\nwhich is called San Garcia: the point\\non which the latter are erected pro\u00c2\u00ac\\njects, with a long reef of dangerous\\nshoals and rocks, considerably into the\\nbay. The town and island of Algezi-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n21\\n1790.]\\nras, with their batteries, then appear\\nin view.\\nAlgeziras lies opposite to Gibraltar,\\nabout 5^ miles across the bay; and,\\nsince the late siege, has greatly in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreased in consequence and wealth.\\nThe town was built and fortified by\\nthe Saracens about the year 714, two\\nyears after their establishment at Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar. It is remarkable for being the\\nplace where those invaders first disem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarked, when they so rapidly over\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned the Gothic empire in Spain;\\nand, as well as Gibraltar, was erected\\nto preserve a communication with\\nAfrica. Whilst the Moors maintained\\ntheir conquests, it consequently became\\na city of great importance and strength.\\nWe find, during the successive wars\\nwhich took place between the Moors\\nand the Spaniards, Algeziras was fre\u00c2\u00ac\\nquently besieged by the kings of Cas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntile and, when Gibraltar so easily fell\\ninto the hands of the Christians in\\n1310, this city resisted all their efforts.\\nAt length, after a most obstinate siege\\nin 1344, Algeziras was compelled to\\nsurrender to the victorious arms of\\nAlonzo XI. The siege continued\\ntwenty months, and most of the potent\u00c2\u00ac\\nates in Europe interested themselves in\\nthe event, by sending succours to the\\nChristian besiegers. The English un\u00c2\u00ac\\nder the Duke of Lancaster, the Earls\\nof Derby, Leicester, Salisbury, and\\nLincoln, particularly distinguished\\nthemselves by their gallantry and\\nconduct during this memorable con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntest. It is worthy of remark, that\\ncannon are said to have been first made\\nuse of in this siege, by the Moors\\nagainst the assailants and the English,\\nprofiting by the knowledge gained on\\nthis occasion, afterwards used them at\\nthe glorious battle of Cressy. The\\nSpaniards continued masters of the\\ntown till 1369, when the Moors of\\nGranada surprised the city but being\\nunable to retain it, they demolished the\\nworks, and carried away the inhabit\u00c2\u00ac\\nants captive.\\nWhilst the Moors kept possession of\\nGibraltar, which was now in its turn\\nbecome a city of importance, the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards never attempted to rebuild Alge\u00c2\u00ac\\nziras and still less did they esteem it\\nan object worthy their attention, after\\nGibraltar fell into their hands. The\\ntown, therefore, remained in ruins and\\ndesolate, excepting a few fishermen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nhuts, till the Spaniards, in the begin\u00c2\u00ac\\nning of the eighteenth century, thought\\nproper, after the final cession of Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar to Great Britain, to repeople and\\nsecure it by a few batteries towards the\\nsea, which also might occasionally pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ntect their cruisers in time of war.\\nSince that period, from the constant\\nintercourse and trade which subsisted\\nbetween it and Gibraltar before the\\nwar of 1779, Algeziras is become a\\ntown of some consequence and wealth\\nand, as a writer has justly expressed,\\nlike a phcenix, has risen out of its\\nown ashes, after being for ages in\\nruins.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThe New Town is built to the north\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of the old city (whose venerable\\nruins still remain), and is defended to\\nthe southward by a battery of 9 or\\n10 guns, erected on an island some dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntance from the shore. To the north\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of the town is another battery of\\n6 guns, and a little farther, on an emi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnence, one of 22, which was raised by\\nAdmiral Barcelo, when he was appre\u00c2\u00ac\\nhensive of an attack from Sir George\\nRodney in 1780. Between the island\\nand the town, small craft find tolerable\\nshelter; but ships of war, or of large\\nburthen, anchor to the northward.\\nThe lands round the town are much\\ncultivated, and, with the shipping,\\nform, in the spring, a pleasantly va\u00c2\u00ac\\nriegated and beautiful prospect to a\\nspectator at Gibraltar. A detachment\\nor regiment of infantry is constantly\\non duty here, who, with those of the\\nSpanish lines and neighbourhood, are\\nunder the orders of the commandant\\nat St. Roque.\\nTo the northward of Algeziras are\\nthe rivers Palmones and Guadaranque\\nthe former is the broader and deeper\\nof the two, and was the principal re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntreat of the Spanish gun and mortar\\nboats, when they wanted repairs, after\\nbombarding the garrison. Admiral\\nBarcelo in this river also prepared\\nthe fire-ships he sent over in June,\\n1780. On the east banks of the Gua\u00c2\u00ac\\ndaranque, near Rocadillo Point, where", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "22\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. II*\\nthere is a small fort or tower, are the\\nvenerable ruins of the once famous\\ncity of Carteia. This celebrated place,\\nscarcely a stone of which is now left to\\ninform posterity where it stood, is re\u00c2\u00ac\\nported to have been built by the Phoe\u00c2\u00ac\\nnicians, in the first ages of navigation,\\nwhen those adventurers visited the ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntreme parts of the then known world.\\nHistorians mention it under the names\\nof Carteia, Heraclia, and Calpe Carteia.\\nWhen the Carthaginians became a\\npowerful nation, and aimed at the sove\u00c2\u00ac\\nreignty of Spain, Carteia maintained\\nits independence for some time, till\\nHannibal, according to Livy, stormed\\nthe city, and demolished most of its\\nworks. When Scipio obliged the Car\u00c2\u00ac\\nthaginians to quit Spain, Carteia was a\\nplace of little importance; but the\\nRomans finding it a convenient station\\nfor their navy, the city was increased\\nwith a Roman colony, and once more\\nbegan to rise into splendour and mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnificence. After the memorable battle\\nof Munda, Cneius Pompey fled to Car\u00c2\u00ac\\nteia, but, being pursued, was obliged\\nto leave it precipitately. As the Roman\\nempire declined, so did Carteia; and\\nprobably, soon after the irruption of the\\nGoths and Vandals, it became almost\\ndesolate and waste. On the invasion\\nof Spain by the Saracens, that nation\\nundoubtedly dismantled the buildings\\nof this famous city for materials to\\nerect Gibraltar and Algeziras. The\\nremains of a quay are still visible, with\\nsome few ruins of public buildings, ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nparently Roman; and the country\\npeasants, in tilling the ground, often\\nfind various antique coins, which curi\u00c2\u00ac\\nous antiquarians have not thought un\u00c2\u00ac\\nworthy of a place in their cabinets.\\nHalf-way between the Guadaranque\\nand the garrison is another fort and\\ntower, called Point Mala, or Negro\\nPoint, to the northward of which is the\\ninland village of St. Roque. This is\\na small insignificant town, though de\u00c2\u00ac\\nlightfully situated, at about five miles\\ndistance from Gibraltar. It was built\\nby the Spaniards, in the beginning of the\\neighteenth century, when the garrison\\nof Gibraltar surrendered to Sir George\\nRooke. The Spanish commandant of\\nthe Lines generally makes it his resi\u00c2\u00ac\\ndence and during the siege under\\nthe Duke de Crillon, the Count d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Ar\u00c2\u00ac\\ntois and the Duke de Bourbon had\\napartments in the town. Previous to\\nthe war of 1779 it was often frequented\\nby the officers from Gibraltar; and in\\nthe spring and summer seasons British\\nfamilies resided there for several\\nmonths, some for the benefit of their\\nhealth, others for pleasure. The com\u00c2\u00ac\\nbined army, during the late siege, en\u00c2\u00ac\\ncamped on the plains below St. Roque,\\nand landed all their ordnance and\\nmilitary stores a little to the westward\\nof Point Mala, near the Orange-grove.\\nI cannot help remarking in this place,\\nthat, among the evils of the late siege,\\nthe garrison have to regret the inter\u00c2\u00ac\\nruption of that friendly intercourse\\nwhich before subsisted between them\\nand the neighbourhood, and which is\\nnow prohibited by the Spanish govern\u00c2\u00ac\\nment When the communication was\\nfree and unlimited (except in point of\\nintroducing a contraband traffic in\\nSpain), the most friendly intimacy sub\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisted between the British military and\\nthe Spaniards resident in the adjacent\\nvillages. Parties were reciprocally vi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiting each other, and the officers con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly making excursions into the\\ncountry. These excursions, with others\\nto the coast of Barbary (which in the\\nseason superabounds with various spe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncies of game), were pleasing relaxations\\nfrom the duties of the garrison, and\\nrendered Gibraltar as eligible a station\\nas any to which a soldier could be or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered.\\nOn the whole, whether we consider\\nGibraltar as commanding the entrance\\nof the Mediterranean, and consequently\\nas capable of controlling the commerce\\nof the Europeans with the Levant; or\\nwhether we consider it as almost im\u00c2\u00ac\\npregnable by nature, and consequently\\nas most susceptible of the improvements\\nof art, its situation is, perhaps, more\\nsingular and curious than that of any\\nfortress in the world. These circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstances, and the degree of consequence\\nwhich it confers on its possessor, in the\\nopinion of the Barbary states, have not\\nfailed to excite the attention and alarm\\nthe interests of most maritime nations\\nin Europe; and, with the multitude at", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "1790.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n23\\nleast, it has always been an object of\\npolitical importance. Politicians, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, there have been, of no inferior\\nrank, who have thought very differently\\nof its value and utility. On this deli\u00c2\u00ac\\ncate subject I will frankly confess my\\ninability to decide. I shall, therefore,\\nwithout further apology, leave these\\nspeculations to men of more leisure and\\nexperience, and proceed to matters bet\u00c2\u00ac\\nter adapted to my capacity and infor\u00c2\u00ac\\nmation.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "24\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. III.\\nCHAPTER III.\\nCommencement of the War in 1779 between Great Britain and Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0094State of the Garrison\\nof Gibraltar at that period\u00e2\u0080\u0094Ambiguous conduct of the Spaniards\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy encamp before\\nthe Garrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Form a Blockade\u00e2\u0080\u0094Many Inhabitants leave the Place\u00e2\u0080\u0094Motions of the Enemy\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Erect additional Batteries in their Lines\u00e2\u0080\u0094Fired upon from the Garrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Continue their\\nOperations\u00e2\u0080\u0094Loss of the Peace and Plenty Privateer\u00e2\u0080\u0094Provisions extremely scarce in the\\nGarrison- Spirited behaviour of the Buck Cutter Privateer\u00e2\u0080\u0094Description of the Straits\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nFidelity of a Moor\u00e2\u0080\u0094Great Distress in the Garrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Relieved by some fortunate Occurrences\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Arrival of Sir George Rodney and the British Fleet\u00e2\u0080\u0094Tetuan\u00e2\u0080\u0094Anecdote of Prince Wil\u00c2\u00ac\\nliam Henry\u00e2\u0080\u0094Ceuta\u00e2\u0080\u0094Departure of the Fleet.\\nAlthough the Spaniards had been\\nthrice defeated in their attempts to re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncover Gibraltar, they continued to view\\nthat garrison with a jealous eye, deter\u00c2\u00ac\\nmined, if we may judge from their late\\nconduct, to seize the first eligible op\u00c2\u00ac\\nportunity of wresting it, if possible,\\nfrom the dominion of Great Britain.\\nThe war of 1762 was too unexpected\\non the part of Spain, and conducted\\nwith too great success by the British\\nminister, to admit of such an enterprise\\nas the siege of Gibraltar. The period\\nwas not, however, far distant when the\\ncontest between Great Britain and her\\ncolonies seemed to promise as favour\u00c2\u00ac\\nable an opportunity as their warmest\\nwishes could have anticipated; parti-\\nlarly when, in addition to the civil war,\\nthey found hostilities taking place be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween Great Britain and France. The\\nclose of the year 1777, when the news of\\nthe convention of Saratoga first arrived\\nin Europe, was the period which they\\nembraced to introduce themselves into\\nthe dispute. Hostilities had then been\\ncarried on for near six months between\\nGreat Britain and France: Spain there\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore judged the opportunity favourable\\nto offer her mediation, proposing such\\nan arrangement as she must be assured\\nwould not be agreeable to the principal\\nbelligerent powers. Great Britain had\\nno sooner refused her acquiescence than\\nthe court of Madrid espoused the part\\nof France; and, on the 16th of June,\\n1779, the Spanish ambassador, the Mar\u00c2\u00ac\\nquis d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Almodovar, presented to the\\ncourt of London his hostile manifesto.\\nThe principal design of the court of\\nMadrid, in entering into this war, was\\nevidently the recovery of Gibraltar.\\nBefore any reply was given by the\\nBritish ministry to their proposals for\\na pacification, overtures had been pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvately made to the Emperor of Mo\u00c2\u00ac\\nrocco to farm the ports of Tetuan, Tan\u00c2\u00ac\\ngier, and Larache, by which means\\nGibraltar might be cut off from its\\nprincipal supplies. This conduct seemed\\nto argue a confidence that her terms in\\nthe mediation would be refused; and\\nthe considerable depots of military\\nstores which were collected in her arse\u00c2\u00ac\\nnals undoubtedly pointed out that the\\nsiege of that garrison was her first and\\nimmediate object. On the 21st of June,\\n1779, the communication between Spain\\nand Gibraltar was closed, by an order\\nfrom Madrid.\\nTwo days previous to this event Ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nneral Eliott, the governor, accompanied\\nby many field-officers of the garrison,\\npaid a visit to General Mendoza, the\\ncommandant of the Spanish lines, to\\ncongratulate him on his promotion.\\nTheir reception at St. Roque was far\\nfrom agreeable; and it was remarked\\nthat the Spanish general appeared em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarrassed during their stay,which might\\nproceed from his knowledge of what\\nwas to follow. The visit was short,\\nand the governor had scarcely returned\\nto the garrison when Mr. Logie, his", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "1779.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n25\\nMajesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s consul in Barbary, arrived\\nfrom Tangier, in a Swedish frigate,\\nwith certain intelligence of the intended\\nrupture between Great Britain and\\nSpain. Mr. Logie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s information pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded from a Swedish brig, which on\\nher passage to Tangier had fallen in\\nwith the French fleet, of about 28 sail\\nof the line, off Cape Finisterre, when\\nthe master being ordered on board the\\nAdmiral, M. d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Orvilliers, he learned\\nthat they had been cruising for some\\ntime in that latitude, expecting the junc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the Spanish fleet from Cadiz.\\nFrom the amicable assurances held out\\nby the Spaniards, we could not persuade\\nourselves in the garrison that a rupture\\nwas so near; but the mail from the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison being refused on the 21st of June,\\nand being acquainted at the same time\\nthat the intercourse between Gibraltar\\nand the neighbourhood was no longer\\nto be permitted, we had sufficient con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfirmation of Mr. Logie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s intelligence.\\nWe afterwards learned that the courier\\nwho brought from Madrid the order to\\nshut up the communication, had been\\ndetained by accidents on the road;\\notherwise it was not impossible that he\\nmight have arrived during General\\nEliott\u00e2\u0080\u0099s visit at St. Roque.\\nAs the fortress of Gibraltar after this\\nevent became a little world of itself, it\\nmay not be unacceptable to commence\\nthe history of the siege with a state of\\nthe troops in garrison at that period,\\nand the commanding officers of the dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nferent corps.\\nGeneral G. A. Eliott, Governor.\\nLieutenant-General R. Boyd, Lieutenant-Governor.\\nMajor-General de la Motte, commanding the Hanoverian Brigade.\\nRank\\nOff.\\nStaff.\\ns.\\nD.\\nFile.\\nArtillery\\n25\\n0\\n17\\n15\\n428\\nCol. Godwin, Command, of Artill,\\n12th Regiment\\n26\\n3\\n29\\n22\\n519\\nLieut.-Col. Trigge.\\n39th\\n25\\n4\\n29\\n22\\n506\\nMajor Kellet.\\n56th\\n23\\n4\\n30\\n22\\n508\\nMajor Fancourt.\\n58th\\n25\\n3\\n29\\n22\\n526\\nLieut.-Col. Cochrane.\\n72nd, or R. M. V.\\n29\\n4\\n47\\n22\\n944\\nLieut.-Col. Gledstanes.\\n1 g j Hardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n16\\n13\\n42\\n14\\n367\\nLieut.-Col. Hugo.\\ng.S Keden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n15\\n12\\n42\\n14\\n361\\nLieut.-Col. Dachenhausen.\\nDe la Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n17\\n16\\n42\\n14\\n367\\nLieut.-Col. Sclippergill.\\nEngineers, with a Com\\npany of Artificers j\\n8\\n0\\n6\\n2\\n106\\nColonel Green, Chief Engineer.\\nTotal\\n209\\n59\\n313\\n169\\n4632-\\n-making an army of 5382 men.\\nOn the communication being closed,\\na council of war was immediately sum\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoned, to advise concerning the mea\u00c2\u00ac\\nsures to be pursued on the occasion.\\nPreparations had been privately made\\nfor the defence of the garrison, when\\nintelligence was first received of the\\nprobability of a war. The objects,\\ntherefore, at this time to be considered\\nwere, how to procure constant supplies\\nof provisions from Barbary, and in\\nwhat manner the correspondence be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween England and Gibraltar was to\\nbe conducted. Mr. Logie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s presence\\nin Barbary was very essential to both\\nthese points: he consequently returned\\nto Tangier on the 22nd, having con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncerted with the governor proper sig\u00c2\u00ac\\nnals, by which he might communicate\\nintelligence across the Straits. Admiral\\nDuff\u00e2\u0080\u0099 also, on the 22nd, removed the\\nmen-of-war under his command from\\ntheir usual anchorage, off Waterport\\n(where they were liable to be annoyed\\nby the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s forts), to the southward,\\noff the New mole. His force at that\\ntime consisted of the Panther, of 60\\nguns, Captain Harvey, on board of\\nwhich was the flag; three frigates, two\\nof which were on a cruise and a sloop\\nof war.\\nIt is natural to suppose that the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison were not a little alarmed at this\\nunexpected procedure of the Spaniards.\\nThe northern guards were reinforced,\\nand the pickets cautioned to be alert,\\nin case of alarm. Landport barriers\\nwere shut, and an artillery officer or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered to Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries, to observe\\nthe movements of the enemy, and pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ntect the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s-tower guard, which\\nwas ordered to be very circumspect\\nand vigilant.\\nWhilst the friendly intercourse sub-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "26\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[CHAP. III.\\nsisted between the garrison and the\\nneighbourhood, several British families\\nand officers had permission to reside at\\nSt. Roque, Los Varios, and other small\\nvillages a few miles distant; but imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately on the communication being\\nclosed, General Mendoza sent them\\nperemptory orders to remove; and the\\ntime limited for their departure was so\\nshort, that some of them were obliged\\nto leave most of their effects behind.\\nThose officers whose curiosity had led\\nthem into the interior parts of the\\ncountry were positively refused liberty\\nto return to the garrison; they were\\ntherefore conducted to Cadiz, and had\\npassports granted them to leave the\\nkingdom by other routes. Col. Ross\\nand Capt. Vignoles of the 39th, with\\nCapt. Lefanue of the 56th, neverthe\u00c2\u00ac\\nless contrived to join their corps, by\\nassuming disguises, and risking the\\npassage in a row-boat from Faro (a\\nport in Portugal) to Gibraltar: others\\nalso attempted, but unfortunately were\\nintercepted in their voyage.\\nThe Childers sloop of war, on the\\n24th, brought in two prizes from the\\nwest, one of which (an American)\\nCapt. Peacock captured in the midst of\\nthe Spanish fleet, then at sea. The\\nconduct of the Spaniards on this occa\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion was extremely ambiguous. Every\\ncircumstance that fell under our own\\nimmediate observation convinced us\\nthat they now intended hostilities\\nagainst Great Britain; and from Mr.\\nLogie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s intelligence we had every cause\\nto think that this fleet was out to join\\nthe French admiral. Their permitting\\nour cruisers, therefore, to capture a\\nfriend (as they might then call the\\nAmericans), under the protection of\\ntheir fleet, we must either consider as\\na finesse, or suppose that they had not\\nreceived orders to act offensively. The\\nChilders left two of our frigates watch\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the motions of the Spanish fleet.\\nIt was somewhat singular that a Mr.\\nSuase (an American major, who had\\nbeen prisoner in the garrison a little\\ntime before, along with others of his\\ncountrymen, but had made his escape),\\nand two deserters from Gibraltar,\\nshould be recognised through their dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nguises, on board the American prize.\\nThe major was remanded to his old\\nconfinement in the Navy Hospital, and\\nthe latter were punished according to\\ntheir deserts.\\nThough the motions of the enemy\\ndid not indicate any immediate design\\nof attacking the garrison, and the clos\u00c2\u00ac\\ning of the communication might be\\nonly in consequence of hostilities hav\u00c2\u00ac\\ning commenced between Great Britain\\nand Spain, yet our intelligence, and\\ntheir late deceitful conduct, gave us\\ngreat reason to suppose that they in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended some attempt on Gibraltar.\\nDepots of earth, c. were therefore\\ncollected in various places; empty hogs\u00c2\u00ac\\nheads and casks were bought from the\\ninhabitants, for the purpose of filling\\nthem with earth, to strengthen and re\u00c2\u00ac\\npair the fortifications; and other pre\u00c2\u00ac\\ncautions were taken for the defence of\\nthe place. On the other hand, the\\nenemy employed what troops they had\\nthen on duty, in the lines and neigh\u00c2\u00ac\\nbourhood, in drawing down cannon\\nfrom St. Roque, c. to animate the\\nforts (in which few ordnance were\\nmounted during the peace), and in ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nranging matters to strengthen and sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nport their posts.\\nIn the beginning of July, the Enter\u00c2\u00ac\\nprise frigate, Sir Thomas Rich, Bart.,\\nreturned with a fleet of small craft,\\nladen with live-stock and fruit, from\\nTangier; in consequence of which,\\nfourteen days\u00e2\u0080\u0099 fresh provisions were is\u00c2\u00ac\\nsued to the troops. The engineers\\ncontinued preparing materials in their\\ndepartments, towards completing the\\nworks of the garrison; for which pur\u00c2\u00ac\\npose strong parties from the line were\\ngranted them daily, under the com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmand of overseers. About 300 Jews\\nand Genoese were also employed in\\nlevelling heaps of sand, near the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\ndens, on the neutral ground, in order\\nthat, if the enemy should approach,\\nthey might not receive any protection\\nand cover from our lower batteries.\\nThe pickets of the garrison were\\nready, on the grand parade, to sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nport these parties in case they had\\nbeen molested but though they\\nwere at work within half musket-\\nshot of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s advanced guards\\nin the Micquelet huts, yet not the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "1779.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n27\\nleast attempt was made to disturb\\nthem.\\nOn the 3rd of July a detachment of\\nabout 180 men from the British line\\nwas ordered to join the artillery, to be\\ntaught the practice of the great guns.\\nThe artillery in garrison were only\\nfive companies; a number not ade\u00c2\u00ac\\nquate to the different duties in case\\nof a siege: this reinforcement was\\ntherefore added, and proved after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards of great service in that depart\u00c2\u00ac\\nment. Three English sailors came in\\nan open boat, on the 4th, from Cadiz,\\nand brought intelligence that an em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbargo was laid on all English vessels\\nin that port. In the evening we ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved the Spaniards relieve the guards\\nin their lines.\\nThe Spaniards, in time of peace,\\nalways stationed a regiment of cavalry\\nat St. Roque, with another regiment\\nor detachment of infantry at Alge-\\nziras; parties from which did duty at\\ntheir lines; and no additional body of\\ntroops, or ships of war, had yet ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared near the garrison. On the 5th,\\nhowever, in the afternoon, a Spanish\\nsquadron of two seventy-fours, five\\nfrigates, and other vessels, to the num\u00c2\u00ac\\nber of eleven, hove in sight from the\\nwest, and lay-to some time off the\\ngarrison. Whilst they remained in\\nthis situation, the governor thought it\\nprudent to make some new disposition\\nof the ordnance at the southward, and\\nto caution the regiments in the South\\nbarracks, the 12th and 72nd, to be alert.\\nThe captain of Europa guard, who,\\nbefore, usually joined at retreat-beat\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, was also ordered to his command.\\nIn the afternoon three privateer cut\u00c2\u00ac\\nters arrived from the westward. A\\nschooner, under Portuguese colours,\\nstood across from the enemy to recon\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoitre the first that came in, and on\\nher return was fired upon from Eu\u00c2\u00ac\\nropa batteries, which was the first\\nhostile shot from the garrison. The\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s squadron, in the evening, drove\\nto the eastward; and at night the En\u00c2\u00ac\\nterprise frigate arrived from Tetuan\\nwith Mr. Logie the consul. In the\\ninterval of this gentleman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s departure\\nfrom the garrison, a ship of the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s had arrived at Gibraltar to be\\nrepaired; but Admiral Duff being\\nbackward in granting the stores, the\\ngovernor thought proper to send for\\nMr. Logie to explain to the admiral\\nthe necessity there was of complying\\nwith the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s request. To re\u00c2\u00ac\\nfuse such trifling assistance at that\\nimportant time, he considered might\\nbe productive of serious consequences\\nto the garrison. The Enterprise fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngate accordingly sailed to Tetuan to\\nbring over the consul. About sunset,\\nthe evening of the 5th, the frigate\\nleft Tetuan to return, and was disco\u00c2\u00ac\\nvered by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s squadron, part\\nof which immediately gave chase.\\nSir Thomas Rich, however, from Ids\\nsuperior knowledge of the tides,\\nescaped, though the wind was con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrary. When he arrived within view\\nof the garrison, not making the con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncerted night-signals for fear of being\\ndiscovered by the pursuers, the officer\\nat Europa saluted him with several\\nshot, but fortunately they did not take\\neffect.\\nThe following day, the 6th of July,\\na packet was received from England,\\nby way of Lisbon and Faro, informing\\nthe governor that hostilities had com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmenced between Great Britain and\\nSpain. A proclamation in consequence\\nwas published in the evening for cap\u00c2\u00ac\\nturing all Spanish vessels, c., and\\nletters of marque were granted for\\nthat purpose to the privateers in the\\nbay. Early on the morning of the\\n8th, a soldier of Reden\u00e2\u0080\u0099/s deserted from\\nthe Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s-tower guard, and some\\ntime afterwards was followed by a\\nserjeant of the 39th, who was one of the\\noverseers attending the inhabitants em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed beyond the gardens. In the\\nevening General Mendoza, with seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nral officers, advanced from the lines\\nas far as the Micquelet huts, and, after\\nreconnoitring about an hour, returned.\\nThe Spanish commodore continued\\ncruising in our neighbourhood till the\\n8th, when he stood under an easy sail\\nfor the westward. Before they quitted\\nthe Mediterranean they brought-to\\na Portuguese schooner, bound from\\nTetuan to the garrison, and made very\\nearnest inquiries concerning the state\\nof our provisions. The 9th, the Ame-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "28\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. III.\\nrican prisoners, detained at this time in\\nthe garrison, were distributed amongst\\nthe privateers; and the following day,\\nin company with the Childers sloop\\nof war, they brought in four small\\nprizes.\\nAdmiral Duff having received in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntelligence that a large fleet of small\\nvessels was to sail from Malaga with\\nwine and provisions for the Spanish\\ngrand fleet, the Childers was ordered,\\non the 11th, to cruise to the eastward,\\nand give information, by signal, when\\nthey appeared, with the strength of their\\nconvoy. Whilst she was on the look\u00c2\u00ac\\nout, her boat gave chase to a settee,\\nand was fired at from Fort St. Barbara,\\nwhich was the first hostile shot from\\nthe enemy. About eleven o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock the\\nsignals were made of the expected Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnish convoy being in sight, and soon\\nafter, of their force. Our admiral,\\nhowever, only cautioned the navy to\\nbe ready, and went to Windmill-hill\\nto reconnoitre them personally. About\\nfour in the afternoon the convoy, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisting of about 60 sail of different\\nburthens, under charge of five xe-\\nbeques, from 20 to 30 guns each, were\\nabreast of Europa Point. The priva\u00c2\u00ac\\nteers which had accompanied the Chil\u00c2\u00ac\\nders in the morning, were then towing\\nin a prize taken from the midst of their\\nfleet; and they, as well as the Chil\u00c2\u00ac\\nders, kept up a smart running fire on\\nthe Spanish commodore; which was\\nseconded at the same time from the\\ngarrison batteries at Europa Point and\\nEuropa Advance. The Panther (the\\nadmiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ship, with the flag on board)\\nand the Enterprise were still at an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchor; but at sunset Sir Thomas Rich\\nhad permission to slip, and the Panther\\nsoon after got under way. On the\\nappearance of the frigate the enemy\\nwere confused, and instantly steered\\nfor Ceuta. The Childers and priva\u00c2\u00ac\\nteers pursued, followed by the frigate,\\nand soon after by the Panther. Night\\nwas now advancing apace, and in a\\nshort time we lost sight of the ships.\\nA few broadsides now and then gave\\nus hopes that our friends had come\\nup with them; and we could not help\\nflattering ourselves, from the inferior\\nforce of the convoy, that daylight\\nI would exhibit the majority of them in\\nour possession. In the morning, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, we discovered the admiral stand\u00c2\u00ac\\ning towards the bay with five or six\\nsmall prizes, and not one other of the\\nenemy in sight: whence we con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncluded that they had worked back to\\ntheir own coast, or escaped through\\nthe Straits in the night whilst our\\nships were off Ceuta. We afterwards\\nlearned that the squadron which ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared on the 5th was sent to convoy\\nthis valuable fleet past Gibraltar, lest\\nthe British admiral should intercept\\nthem, and prevent their grand fleet\\nfrom receiving these much wanted\\nsupplies; but the convoy being by\\nsome unforeseen delays detained, the\\nSpanish commodore quitted the station\\non the 8th.\\nTwo line-of-battle ships were ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved cruising behind the rock on the\\n13th, and at night they went into Ceuta.\\nThe 16th the enemy blocked up the\\nport with a squadron of men-of-war,\\nconsisting of two seventy-fours, two\\nfrigates, five xebeques, and a number\\nof galleys, half-galleys, and armed set\u00c2\u00ac\\ntees they anchored in the bay, off\\nAlgeziras, and being judiciously ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nranged, and keeping a vigilant look\u00c2\u00ac\\nout, the garrison became closely block\u00c2\u00ac\\naded. This was the first motion of\\nthe enemy that discovered any direct\\nintentions of distressing or attacking\\nGibraltar. At night Waterport guard\\nwas reinforced with a captain and ten\\nprivates. Till the 18th of this month\\nnothing material occurred, when a\\nsmall convoy of settees, c. arrived at\\nthe Orange-grove, laden with military\\nstores, which the enemy began soon\\nafterwards to disembark.\\nMr. Logie having prevailed on the\\nadmiral to grant the stores necessary\\nfor repairing the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ship, and\\nhis presence in Barbary being abso\u00c2\u00ac\\nlutely necessary, as well to procure pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvisions as to conduct the correspondence\\nbetween Great Britain and the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, he returned on the 19th, on\\nboard a Moorish row-galley, which had\\narrived from the emperor with dis\u00c2\u00ac\\npatches relative to the ship under re\u00c2\u00ac\\npair. The galley was interrupted in\\nher return by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers, and", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "1779.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n29\\ndetained from seven in the morning\\ntill five in the afternoon, when she\\nwas permitted to proceed to Tangier.\\nDuring the embargo Mr. Logie was\\nconcealed in a small scuttle, down the\\nrun of the galley, having previously\\nmade up the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s dispatches, and\\nconcerted signals, in a loaf, which was\\nentrusted to a Moor, to be delivered at\\nMr. Logie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s house in Tangier, in case\\nhe himself should be discovered, with\\nan order for the Moor to receive a gra\u00c2\u00ac\\ntuity if he delivered it safe.\\nEarly in the morning of the 20th a\\nPortuguese boat arrived with fowls and\\ncharcoal from Tangier. Another, at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempting to come in, was taken by a\\nhalf-galley, and carried to Algeziras.\\nSixty pounds of fresh beef were de\u00c2\u00ac\\nlivered the same day to each regiment\\nfor the use of the officers the artillery\\nand engineers received in proportion,\\nand the navy were included in this dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntribution. The following day orders\\nwere issued for the troops to mount\\nguard with their hair unpowdered; a\\ncircumstance trifling in appearance, but\\nwhich our situation afterwards proved\\nto be of great importance, and which\\nevinced our governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s great attention\\nand prudent foresight in the manage\u00c2\u00ac\\nment of the stores.\\nSo superior a naval force as the\\nenemy now had in our neighbourhood\\nalarmed Admiral Duff, who was ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprehensive that they would make some\\nattempts on the king\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ships. Signals\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2were therefore agreed upon between\\nthe fleet and the garrison, that in case\\nthe enemy should make an attack in\\nthe night, the latter might afford the\\nships every assistance and protection.\\nThree lights in a triangle were fixed\\nupon by the navy, to distinguish them\\nfrom the enemy. The 22nd the navy\\nmanned their boats, and captured a\\nsettee, within a short distance of the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s xebeques: she proved of little\\nvalue, but the exploit reflected great\\ncredit on the party employed. The\\nsame day arrived a boat with cattle,\\nc. from Tangier. In the course of\\nthe 22nd several officers, attended by a\\nparty of men, were observed tracing\\nout ground on the plain below St.\\nRoque, apparently for a camp; and it\\nwas remarked that the Micquelets in\\nthe advanced huts on the neutral ground\\nwere relieved by regular troops. These\\nMicquelets are of the same description\\nwith our revenue officers, and were\\nstationed to prevent the smuggling of\\ntobacco from the garrison into Spain.\\nA Portuguese boat, with letters, ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived early in the morning of the 24th;\\nalso a schooner with charcoal and fruit\\nfrom Tangier. Between 200 and 300\\nmen landed the same day at the Orange-\\ngrove, with an intention, as we con\u00c2\u00ac\\njectured, of taking charge of the stores\\nwhich the enemy were disembarking\\nthere. The 25th they pitched a tent on\\nthe plain for the working party em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed in clearing the ground. I\\nshould have mentioned, that on the\\n12th a Hanoverian soldier deserted,\\nand this day two of the same brigade\\nfollowed his example. The enemy, on\\nthe 26th, began to form a camp on the\\nplain below St. Roque, about half a\\nmile from Point Mala, and three miles\\nfrom the garrison. Fifty tents were\\npitched, and. a detachment of cavalry\\nand infantry soon after took possession.\\nThe same day the Illerim, a Swedish\\nfrigate, which had been in the bay\\nsome weeks before, arrived, though\\nopposed by the enemy. The Swedish\\ncaptain politely brought-to on their\\nfiring a gun; but being told he must\\nnot anchor under the walls of the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, he resumed his course, telling\\nthem he must go to Gibraltar, and they\\nshould not prevent him. Some shots\\nwere exchanged, but none took effect.\\nThe Spanish camp being daily re\u00c2\u00ac\\ninforced with additional regiments of\\ncavalry and infantry, and large parties\\nbeing still employed in landing ord\u00c2\u00ac\\nnance and military stores at Point\\nMala, the governor thought proper, on\\nthe 29th, to establish the following\\nstaff officers, namely, Captains, Val-\\nlotton, of the 56th regiment\u00e2\u0080\u0094Patterson,\\nof the artillery\u00e2\u0080\u0094Forch, of the 12th\\nregiment, and Eveleigh, of the en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngineers, to be aides-de-camp to himself,\\nas commander-in-chief; Captain Wil\u00c2\u00ac\\nson and Lieutenant Buckeridge, of the\\n39th regiment, aides-de-camp to Lieu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntenant-Gen. Boyd; Lieutenant Wein-\\nzey, of the Hanoverian Brigade, aide-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "30\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. hi.\\nde-camp to Major-Gen. de la Motte;\\nMajor Hardy, of the 56th regiment,\\nquartermaster-general; Captain Hors-\\nburgh, of the 39th regiment, who was\\ntown-major, adjutant-general; Captain\\nBurke, of the 58th regiment, town-\\nmajor and Lieutenant S. Wood, of the\\n56th regiment, assistant town-major.\\nAt the same time all the horsfes, except\\nthose belonging to field and staff-offi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncers, were ordered to be turned out of\\nthe garrison, unless the owners, on in\u00c2\u00ac\\nspection, had 1000 lbs. of feed for each\\nhorse; and, to enforce the latter order\\nby example, the governor directed that\\none of his own horses should be shot.\\nIn the afternoon of the 30th, one of\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s xebeques manned her\\nyards, and fired a salute. Immediately\\nafterwards we observed she had hoisted\\na flag at the mizen top-mast head,\\ninstead of a broad pendant; from which\\nceremony we concluded that the naval\\ncommandant had been promoted, or\\nthat he was superseded by an admiral.\\nIn the beginning of August, the\\ncorps in garrison were ordered to give\\nin returns of their best marksmen, and\\nalso of those men who had ever been\\nemployed in making fascines. Those\\nofficers unmarried, or without families,\\nwho drew double rations for two com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmissions, were ordered at the same\\ntime to draw rations only for one com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmission. Two Dutchmen came in on\\nthe 2nd, unperceived by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncruisers, laden with rice and dried\\nfruits: the rice, and a part of the fruit,\\nthe governor purchased, for the use of\\nthe troops. The enemy s camp by this\\ntime was considerably increased, and\\nwe numbered 26 cannon behind the\\nfort at Point Mala.\\nA Venetian arrived on the 5tli,\\nthough fired at by the enemy. She\\n(with the Dutchmen) remained no\\nlonger than was necessary to take on\\nboard some of the inhabitants, who, ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprehensive that the garrison would be\\nbesieged, thought it eligible to seek an\\nasylum in time. Indeed about this\\ntime scarcely a boat or vessel left the\\nport without being crowded with Jews\\nor Genoese, who preferred a residence\\nin Barbary, or Portugal, to remaining\\nin Gibraltar, where the necessaries of\\nlife became every day more scarce.\\nEarly on the 6th came in a Portuguese\\nschooner, from Tangier, with 44 bul\u00c2\u00ac\\nlocks, 27 sheep, and a few fowls; and\\ntwo days following, another arrived\\nwith onions, fruit, and eggs: the latter\\nbrought letters for the governor, but\\nno news from England. From this\\nday nothing material occurred till the\\n10th, when the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers cap\u00c2\u00ac\\ntured a boat belonging to the garrison.\\nAs affairs began to wear a more se\u00c2\u00ac\\nrious aspect, a general activity reigned\\nthroughout the garrison, promoted not\\na little by the example of the governor,\\nwho was usually present when the\\nworkmen paraded at dawn of day. The\\nengineers were busily employed in put\u00c2\u00ac\\nting the works at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s in the best\\nrepair, and in erecting new batteries on\\nthe heights of the north front. A con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable extent of ground above the\\ntown was cleared and levelled, to en\u00c2\u00ac\\ncamp the different regiments, in case\\nthe enemy should fire upon the town.\\nParties were likewise detached to col\u00c2\u00ac\\nlect shrubs, c., from the face of the\\nhill, for fascines; and the artillery\\nwere daily engaged in completing the\\nexpense magazines with powder, rang\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the different ordnance, and pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nparing everything for immediate use\\nin their department. The navy were\\nnot less diligent. A new battery for\\n22 guns was begun in the Navy Yard,\\nas a resource in case the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ope\u00c2\u00ac\\nrations should make it necessary to lay\\nup the ships; and the stores were re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved from the New mole to the\\nNavy hospital.\\nTowards the middle of August, the\\nmotions of the enemy were no longer\\nmysterious; every succeeding day con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfirmed us in the opinion that their\\nobject was to distress the garrison as\\nmuch as possible. The blockade be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncame more strict and severe, their army\\nwas in force before the place, and their\\npresent plan seemed to be to reduce\\nGibraltar by famine. Our stock of\\nprovisions, they concluded, was small;\\nand their squadron under Admiral\\nBarcelo, who commanded in the bay,\\ncould prevent succours being thrown in\\nby neutral vessels; whilst their grand\\nfleet, united with that of France, would", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "1779.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n31\\nbe superior to any which Great Britain\\ncould equip, in her then critical situa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. This scheme, every circumstance\\nconsidered, was specious; and, had not\\nthe garrison fortunately received a sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nply of provisions, c., in April, 1779,\\nthe troops undoubtedly would have\\nbeen reduced to the greatest distress,\\nand the place might probably have\\nbeen in imminent danger, before the\\nministry could dispatch a fleet to its\\nrelief. The situation of the garrison\\nwas becoming every day more interest\u00c2\u00ac\\ning: only forty head of cattle were\\nnow in the place; and from the vigi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlance of the enemy, there was little\\nprospect of constant supplies from Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbary two bullocks were ordered,\\ntherefore, to be killed daily for the use\\nof the sick. The inhabitants had been\\nwarned in time to provide against the\\ncalamities which now impended: the\\nstanding orders of the garrison speci\u00c2\u00ac\\nfied, that every inhabitant, even in time\\nof peace, should have in store six\\nmonths\u00e2\u0080\u0099 provisions; yet by far the\\ngreater number had neglected this pre\u00c2\u00ac\\ncaution. These unfortunate people, as\\nthey could not expect to be supplied\\nfrom the garrison stores, were in ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nneral compelled to seek subsistence by\\nquitting the place; some, however,\\nwere induced to weather out the storm\\nby the property they had in the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson, which was probably their all, and\\nwhich they could not remove with\\nthemselves. Those of this description,\\non application, obtained leave to erect\\nwooden huts and sheds at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward, above the Navy Hospital, whi\u00c2\u00ac\\nther they began to remove their valu\u00c2\u00ac\\nable effects, c., that they might be se\u00c2\u00ac\\ncure from the annoyance of the enemy,\\nin case the town should be bombarded.\\nFifteen or sixteen covered carts, on\\nthe 15th, arrived at the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp,\\nand unloaded timber, planks, c., at\\ntheir laboratory tents. They continued\\nlauding stores on the beach, which em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed a great number of carts to con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvey them to their depots; and at night\\nwe generally observed a number of\\nlights, and frequently heard a noise like\\nthat of men employed on some labo\u00c2\u00ac\\nrious duty: this might proceed from\\ndragging cannon, as we observed, on\\nthe 17th, they had animated all the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbrasures in Fort St. Philip.\\nEarly on the 17th, the enemy at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempted to cut out a polacre, which was\\nanchored off the Old mole; but retired\\non a gun being fired at them from the\\ngarrison. The small craft, after this\\ncircumstance, removed to the New\\nmole, as the men-of-war had done some\\ntime before. The 18th, in the morn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, two parties of workmen came from\\nthe camp, and were employed at Forts\\nSt. Philip and St. Barbara: covered\\ncarts continued constantly going from\\nPoint Mala to the laboratory tents, sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed to be laden with shot. The fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing morning a Spaniard came in an\\nopen boat to Waterport, with onions\\nand fruit, having a pass for Ceuta: he\\nwas examined by the quartermaster-\\ngeneral, and allowed to sell his cargo\\nand purchase tobacco, but was not per\u00c2\u00ac\\nmitted to land: at night he was ordered\\nto return, which he did about eight\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock. He informed us the camp con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisted of between 5000 and 6000 men,\\nwhich were to be immediately com\u00c2\u00ac\\npleted to 15,000. The 20th, the enemy\\nformed a new camp, to the left of the\\nstone quarry, under the Queen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nChair we imagined it to be intended\\nfor the Catalonian troops, as they are\\nusually encamped separate from the\\nrest of the Spanish forces. The same\\nday our marksmen were embodied into\\na company of two non-commissioned\\nofficers and 64 men; and the command\\nwas given to Lieutenant Burleigh, of\\nthe 39 th regiment.\\nThe enemy, on the 21st, had more\\nmen than usual employed in making\\nfascines: they likewise were very busy\\nin piling shot, and had a party at work\\nin the covered way of Fort St. Philip.\\nA number of carts daily brought shot\\n(as we imagined) to the lines, particu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlarly to Fort St. Barbara. The 23rd,\\nthe corps of engineers were formed\\ninto three divisions, and several officers\\nof the line appointed to join them as\\nassistant engineers and overseers. The\\nsame day some experiments were made\\nwith red-hot shot: this practice was\\ncontinued on the 25th, when some car\u00c2\u00ac\\ncasses were also thrown, and much\\napproved. The 27th, we observed a", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "32\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. nr.\\nfascine-work begun upon the glacis,\\nnorth of Fort St. Philip, which after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards proved to be a mortar battery.\\nA great number of carts continued to\\nbe employed in the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, and\\nvast quantities of stores were constantly\\nlanding beyond Point Mala. In the\\ncourse of the 30th, the Childers and\\nan armed schooner attempted to cut off\\ntwo half-galleys becalmed in the bay;\\nbut the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s xebeques, getting under\\nway, obliged them to desist. At night\\nupwards of 80 covered carts came down\\nto the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines.\\nFrom the time the enemy first ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared encamped before the garrison,\\ntroops had been continually joining\\nthem from all quarters. Their camp\\nconsisted of two lines (independent of\\nthe Catalonians), extending from Point\\nMala, in an oblique direction, into the\\ncountry, towards the Queen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nChair. The streets were in a direction\\nnearly parallel to the bottom of the\\nbay. The guards in their lines and\\nadvanced posts were, as the camp in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreased, proportionably reinforced; but\\nno act of hostility had yet taken place\\nin that quarter, though the governor\\ncontinued the garrison-guard at the\\nDevil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s-tower. Their forts were re\u00c2\u00ac\\npaired and put in the best order of de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfence. Laboratory tents for the artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery were pitched in front of their\\ncamp, and magazines erected for mili\u00c2\u00ac\\ntary stores, which were frequently\\nbrought by fleets of small craft, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoyed by men-of-war from Cadiz, Ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nlaga, and other ports in the neighbour\u00c2\u00ac\\nhood.\\nOn the 5th of September a soldier\\nof Hardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s deserted from a work\u00c2\u00ac\\ning party employed in scarping the\\nrock, under the lines. He was fired\\nupon from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, but got off. Be\u00c2\u00ac\\nsides the party engaged in rendering\\nthe lines inaccessible, our engineers\\nwere daily strengthening them with\\npalisades, c. Traverses were also\\nerected along the covered way, grand\\nbattery, and line-wall above Water-\\nport, where a strong boom of masts\\nwas laid, from Old mole head to the\\nfoot of Landport glacis. About this\\ntime the regiments began to practise\\ngrenade exercise. The day on which\\nthe Hanoverian deserted, a Moorish\\ngalley came over from Algeziras,\\nwhere she had been detained ten\\ndays. The crew reported that the\\nSpanish camp was very sickly. It is\\nsupposed this vessel came to order\\nhome the ship which had been some\\ntime repairing in the New mole, as the\\nfollowing day both of them left the\\ngarrison for Tangier: a xebeque, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, speaking them off Cabrita Point,\\nthe Moors were conducted to the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnish admiral.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s workmen in the lines\\nappeared at this time to be about 500.\\nThey were principally engaged in fill\u00c2\u00ac\\ning up with sand the north part of the\\nditch of Fort St. Philip, completing\\nthe mortar battery before mentioned,\\nand raising the crest of the glacis of\\ntheir lines in different places. From\\nthe noise often heard during the night,\\nand the number of lights seen, we\\njudged that they worked without in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermission. Two waggons, drawn each\\nby 12 mules or horses, arrived at the\\nlines on the 8th, which we conjectured\\nbrought fixed ammunition. The 11th,\\nwe observed that they had begun several\\nfascine-works on the crest of their lines,\\napparently for mortar batteries; and\\nhad raised several traverses for the\\nprotection of their guard-houses. Wag\u00c2\u00ac\\ngons and carts continued bringing\\nfascines and other materials to the lines\\nfrom the camp. The same day, a row\u00c2\u00ac\\nboat, fitted out by the Jews, brought\\nin a Dutch dogger laden with wheat:\\na very valuable supply in our situ\u00c2\u00ac\\nation.\\nThe operations of the enemy now\\nbegan to engage our attention. They\\nhad been permitted to pass and repass\\nunmolested for some time; but the\\ngovernor did not think it prudent to\\nallow them to proceed any longer with\\nimpunity. A council of war was con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequently summoned on the 11th, to\\nconfer on the measures to be pursued.\\nThe council consisted of the following\\nofficers:\u00e2\u0080\u0094The governor, the lieutenant-\\ngovernor, Vice-admiral Duff, Major-\\ngeneral de la Motte; Colonels Ross,\\nGreen, and Godwin; with Sir Thomas\\nRich, Bart. In the evening it was re\u00c2\u00ac\\nported that their opinion was not to", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "1779.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n33\\nopen on the enemy whilst they conti\u00c2\u00ac\\nnued within their lines: but this rumour\\nwas only propagated to deceive the\\ngarrison for on the succeeding morn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, being Sunday the 12th of Septem\u00c2\u00ac\\nber, the artillery officers were ordered\\nto the batteries on the heights; and the\\nDevil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Tower guard being withdrawn,\\nthe governor opened on the enemy\\nfrom Green s Lodge (a battery made\\nsince the blockade commenced), Wil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlis s and Queen Charlotte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries.\\nTheir advanced guards in the Micque-\\nlet huts, and in the stone guard-houses,\\nwere in a short time compelled to re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntire, and the workmen assembled in\\nthe lines obliged to disperse. The co\u00c2\u00ac\\nvered waggons returned to the camp\\nwithout depositing their ladings; and\\nso general a panic seized the enemy at\\nthis unexpected attack, that their ca\u00c2\u00ac\\nvalry galloped off towards the camp,\\nand for some hours scarce a person\\nwas to be seen within the range of our\\nguns. The forts were too distant to be\\nmaterially damaged; and the gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s intention being only to disturb\\ntheir workmen, the firing after a few\\nhours slackened, and a shot was only\\ndischarged as the enemy presented\\nthemselves. A brass gun in the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s) run with eight\\nrounds.\\nThe mortar batteries that had been\\ndiscovered in the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, some\\nfew days previous to our firing, had\\ncaused no small alarm amongst the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nhabitants those, therefore,who had huts\\nin Hardy Town, at the southward, im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately removed their most valuable\\neffects, fully convinced that the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards at night would return the fire.\\nThat the duty of the batteries might\\nhe performed with spirit, in case the\\nenemy persisted in carrying on their\\nworks, a captain, 3 subalterns, and\\n52 men of the artillery, were ordered\\nto take in charge Green\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Lodge,\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and other batteries on the\\nheights. The firing was continued the\\nsubsequent days, as circumstances di\u00c2\u00ac\\nrected. The 16th, our artillery made\\nthree attempts to reach the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlaboratory tents, or artillery park (as\\nhenceforward they will be called), from\\na sea-mortar at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. The first and\\nsecond shell burst immediately on\\nleaving the mortar the third went its\\nrange, but fell a little short of the\\nfascine park. The artillery at this pe\u00c2\u00ac\\nriod used the old shells, the fuses of\\nwhich were in general faulty; and\\nthis was the cause that the experiment\\ndid not answer on the first and second\\ntrials. We observed, the same day,\\nthat the Spaniards had pitched some\\nadditional tents a little beyond Point\\nMala they also began to erect a pier,\\nor wharf, for the convenience of land\u00c2\u00ac\\ning their stores and supplies.\\nWhilst the governor kept a watchful\\neye on the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s operations, mo\u00c2\u00ac\\nlesting their workmen as much as\\npossible from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, proper precau\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions were taken in the town to ren\u00c2\u00ac\\nder a bombardment less distressing,\\nin case they retaliated, which, indeed,\\ntheir preparations gave us reason\\nto think would not be long deferred.\\nThe pavement of the streets, in the\\nnorth part of the town, was ploughed\\nup; the towers of the most conspicu\u00c2\u00ac\\nous buildings were taken down, and\\ntraverses raised in different places, to\\nrender the communications more se\u00c2\u00ac\\ncure. The enemy appeared to bear\\nour fire very patiently in their lines\\ntheir parties continued working on the\\nmortar batteries; the stone sentry-\\nboxes were pulled down, and the\\nguard-houses unroofed; a boyau, or\\ncovered way, was likewise begun, to\\nmake a safe communication from the\\nlines to their camp.\\nOur firing was still continued; but\\ntheir parties were at too considerable a\\ndistance (being near a mile) to be mate\u00c2\u00ac\\nrially annoyed by our shot; and the\\nworks being surrounded with sand, the\\nlarge shells sunk so deep that the\\nsplinters seldom rose to the surface.\\nAn experiment was therefore recom\u00c2\u00ac\\nmended by Captain (now Major) Mer-\\ncier, of the 39th regiment, namely, to\\nfire out of guns 5^-inch shells, with short\\nfuses; which were tried on the 25th, and\\nfound to answer extremely well. These\\nsmall shells, according to Captain\\nMercier\u00e2\u0080\u0099s method, were thrown with\\nsuch precision, and the fuses cut by\\ncalculation with such exactness, that;\\nthe shell often burst over their heads,", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "34\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap, hi.\\nand wounded them before they could\\nget under cover. This mode of an\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoyance was eligible on several other\\naccounts: less powder was used, and\\nthe enemy were more seriously mo\u00c2\u00ac\\nlested; the former was an advantage\\nof no small consequence, since it en\u00c2\u00ac\\nabled the governor to reserve, at this\\nperiod, what might be probably ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npended to the greater benefit of the\\nservice on a future occasion. It will\\nalso account for the extraordinary\\nnumber of shells which were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharged from the garrison.\\nIn the afternoon of the 26th a sol\u00c2\u00ac\\ndier of the 72nd regiment deserted\\nfrom a working party out at Landport.\\nHe took refuge behind one of the Mic-\\nquelet huts, and, notwithstanding our\\nendeavours to dislodge him, remained\\nthere till night, when it is imagined he\\nproceeded to the lines. Our firing was\\nnow very trifling. The enemy con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued making additions to their boyau\\nand the works in the lines; but the\\nlatter were chiefly done in the night.\\nIndeed, since our firing, their operations\\nwithin our reach had been principally\\ncarried on during the night, at which\\ntime, or very late in the evening, they\\nalso relieved their guards.\\nIn the beginning of October, the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s army, according to our intel\u00c2\u00ac\\nligence, consisted of sixteen battalions\\nof infantry, and twelve squadrons of\\nhorse, which, if the regiments were com\u00c2\u00ac\\nplete, would amount to about 14,000\\nmen. Lieutenant-General Don Mar\u00c2\u00ac\\ntin Alvarez de Sota Mayor was com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmander-in-chief. We continued our\\nfire, varying as objects presented them\u00c2\u00ac\\nselves.\\nThe great command we had over\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s operations from Green\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nLodge, induced the engineers to mount\\nstill higher, and endeavour to erect\\na battery on the summit of the north\u00c2\u00ac\\nern front of the rock: a place there\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore was levelled, and a road for\\nwheeled carriages begun at Middle-\\nhill. The 4th, a soldier of the 58th\\nattempted to desert from Middle-hill\\nThe enemy, we were informed, attempted\\nthis practice, but never could bring it to per\u00c2\u00ac\\nfection.\\nguard, but was dashed to pieces in\\nhis descent. The artillery were too\\nimpatient to have a gun mounted on\\nthe summit of the rock, to wait till the\\nnew road was finished: they accord\u00c2\u00ac\\ningly determined to drag a twenty-four\\npounder up the steep craggy face of\\nthe rock and in a few days, with great\\ndifficulty and prodigious exertions,\\nthey were so successful as to get it to\\nthe top. The 9th, a party of the navy\\nattempted to cut off two Spanish pola-\\ncres, becalmed between Algeziras and\\ntheir camp. Our seamen spiritedly\\nboarded one, and were on their return\\nwith the other, when two galleys from\\nPoint Mala gave chase, maintaining a\\nsmart and well-directed fire as they\\nadvanced, and gained so considerably\\non the prizes that the captors were re\u00c2\u00ac\\nluctantly obliged to quit them, and\\nbetake themselves to their boats. The\\nChilders sloop-of-war was ordered out\\nto protect them, and fortunately was in\\ntime to stop the progress of the galleys.\\nThe tiller of one of our barges was\\ncarried away by a shot, but no other\\ndamage was received.\\nThe platform on the summit of the\\nrock was completed on the 12th; and,\\nthe gun being mounted, the succeeding\\nday we saluted the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s forts with a\\nfew rounds of shot and shells. This gun\\nwas mounted on a traversing carriage,\\nand was distinguished by the name of\\nthe Rock Gun. From that post we had\\nnearly a bird\u00e2\u0080\u0099s-eye view of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlines, and, with the assistance of glasses,\\ncould distinctly observe every operation\\nin their camp. In the afternoon of the\\n16th a servant of Mr. Davies (the agent-\\nvictualler of the garrison), under pre\u00c2\u00ac\\ntence of looking for a strayed goat,\\nobtained leave to pass Landport bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrier, and immediately went over to the\\nenemy. The desertion of this man\\ngave us some concern, as probably, to\\nensure a favourable reception, he might\\nhave taken with him some memoran\u00c2\u00ac\\ndums of the state of our provisions.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parties had not been\\nremarkably active in the beginning of\\nthe month; but about the 17th and\\n18th, their workmen in the lines were\\nmore numerous than usual, which\\nproduced a more animated fire from", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "1 79.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n35\\noar batteries. As our artillery by this\\ntime were accustomed to fire from\\nheights, the small shells did consider\u00c2\u00ac\\nable execution amongst their workmen,\\nmany of whom we observed were car\u00c2\u00ac\\nried off. On the evening of the 19th,\\nthe governor was at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, to see an\\nexperiment of a light ball, invented by\\nLieutenant Whitham, of the artillery.\\nIt was made of lead, and, when filled\\nwith composition, weighed 14 lbs. 10 oz.\\nThis ball, with 4 lbs. of powder, was\\nfired at six degrees of elevation, out of\\na thirty-two pounder, upon the glacis\\nof their lines it burnt well; and the\\nexperiment would have been repeated,\\nhad not a thick fog suddenly arisen.\\nThe governor was at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s the suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding morning, to see a second; when,\\nthe fog being totally dispersed, the\\nlight ball answered his expectation.\\nThe enemy, during the night, had been\\nuncommonly noisy; but when the light\\nballs were fired, no parties were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered at work. Nevertheless, at day\u00c2\u00ac\\nbreak, to our great surprise we observed\\n.35 embrasures opened in their lines,\\nforming three batteries; two of 14 each,\\nbearing on our lines and Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and\\none of 7, apparently for the town and\\nWaterport. They were cut through\\nthe parapet of their glacis, and situated\\nbetween the barrier of the lines and\\nFort St. Philip. The embrasures were\\nall masked, and many of the merlons\\nwere in an unfinished state: the gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor ordered the artillery to direct their\\nfire on these works, and on the seven-\\ngun battery in particular, where they\\nhad a party finishing what was left im\u00c2\u00ac\\nperfect in the night.* In the afternoon,\\na Venetian was brought-to by a gun\\nfrom Europa, and came in: two gal\u00c2\u00ac\\nleys attempted to cut her off, but in\\nvain.\\nOur workmen now became exceed\u00c2\u00ac\\ningly diligent; new communications\\nand works were raised in the lines,\\nwhich were reinforced at night, with a\\nsubaltern and 43 men the alarm-posts\\nof the regiments were also changed,\\nFrom the distance of these batteries, we\\ndid not imagine they would ever materially\\ninjure the garrison: but the cannonade and\\nbombardment of 1781 convinced us of our\\nerror.\\nand other arrangements took place. On\\nthe night of the 20th, we imagined,\\nfrom the noise in the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, that\\ntheir carpenters were platforming the\\nnew batteries, the merlons of which\\nthey had cased and capped with fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncines. Their boyau now extended from\\nthe fascine park, almost to the barrier\\nof the lines. The 23rd, a prize settee,\\nladen with rice, was sent in from the\\neastward: she was taken by a privateer\\nbelonging to Mr. Anderson, of the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, the captain of which thought the\\ncargo would be useful to the inhabit\u00c2\u00ac\\nants and indeed this supply was truly\\nseasonable. No vessel or boat had ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived for six weeks (excepting the Ve\u00c2\u00ac\\nnetian, on the 20th instant), and every\\narticle in the garrison began to sell at\\na most exorbitant price: this trifling\\naddition of provisions was therefore\\nwell received by the miserable Jews\\nand Genoese, though the rice sold for\\n21 dollars 6 reals per cwt., which, at\\n40 d. sterling the dollar, is 3/. 12s. 6 d.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s artillery, on the 26th,\\ndecamped from their old ground, before\\nthe right wing of their front line, and\\ntook post near the Catalonians, where\\nthey were reinforced with a detach\u00c2\u00ac\\nment that had lately joined. The follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning night, the Dutch dogger, which had\\nbrought us the supply of wheat some\\nweeks before, sailed for Malaga: she\\ntook 73 Genoese and Spanish passen\u00c2\u00ac\\ngers. The next day our artillery got\\nup to Middle-hill two twenty-four\\npounders, to be in readiness for a new\\nbattery, which was erecting below\\nthe rock gun. Another twenty-four-\\npounder was taken to the same place,\\non the morning of the 25th. Our firing\\nstill continued, as the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parties\\nwere daily bringing down timber and\\nother materials for their new batteries.\\nThe 30th, an English privateer,\\ncalled the Peace and Plenty, 18 six\\npounders,-M Kenzie master, at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempting to get in from the eastward,\\nran ashore half-way between Fort Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbara and the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Tower. Some of\\nthe crew came on shore on the neutral\\nground; the remainder, with the mas\u00c2\u00ac\\nter, were brought off by the admiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nboats and on the night of the 31st,\\nshe was burnt. As there was some-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "36\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. III.\\nthing extraordinary and unaccountable\\nin the circumstances attending the loss\\nof this vessel, I cannot resist the temp\u00c2\u00ac\\ntation of relating them more at large.\\nIn the morning she was bearing down\\nunder a fine sail and leading wind,\\nfor Europa advanced guard, as two\\nxebeques were cruising off Europa\\nPoint. One of the xebeques, about\\nnine, got within shot of her: a few\\nrounds were exchanged, and the priva\u00c2\u00ac\\nteer was apparently resolved to fight\\nher way in; but on a sudden she al\u00c2\u00ac\\ntered her course, and ran ashore under\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s guns, about 400 or 500\\nyards from the garrison. The boatswain\\nwas killed, and several others wounded\\nfrom the fort, before our boats arrived\\nto their relief.\\nTowards the conclusion of the month,\\nthe small-pox was discovered in the\\ngarrison, amongst the Jews. The go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor, apprehensive that it might\\nspread amongst the troops, and be at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended with dangerous consequences,\\nordered those who had never been\\naffected with that disorder, to be quai-\\ntered at the southward till the infection\\nshould disappear; and every precaution\\nwas taken to prevent its communicating.\\nIn the evening of the 31st, the new bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery below the rock gun was finished:\\nit mounted four twenty-four pounders,\\nand was called the Royal battery.\\nNovember was not introduced by\\nany remarkable event. The fire from\\nour batteries was variable, as their\\nworkmen were employed. Consider\u00c2\u00ac\\nable deposits of fascines, with planks\\nand pieces of timber, were formed in\\nthe Spanish lines; and other parts of\\ntheir glacis were raised with fascines\\nand sand for additional mortar bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries. The 3rd, the enemy began to\\nform merlons at Fort Tonara, on the\\neastern shore, which, joined with the\\ncircumstances of their erecting two fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncine batteries on the beach, between\\nFort St. Philip and Point Mala, and\\none near the magazine at the Orange\\ngrove, gave us reason to suppose that\\nthey expected a fleet in their neighbour\u00c2\u00ac\\nhood. Few workmen were at this time\\nto be seen in their lines: a party was\\ntrimming up the boyau and numbers\\nwere employed about the landing-place\\nin disembarking stores; which ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared to be their chief employment.\\nProvisions of every kind were now\\nbecoming very scarce and exorbitantly\\ndear in the garrison; mutton 3s. and\\n3s. 6d. per pound; veal 4s., pork 2s. and\\n2s. 6d., a pig\u00e2\u0080\u0099s head 19s., ducks from\\n14s. to 18s. a couple; and a goose a\\nguinea. Fish was equally high, and\\nvegetables were with difficulty to be got\\nfor any money; but bread, the great\\nessential of life and health, was the ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nticle most wanted. It was about this\\nperiod, that the governor made trial\\nwhat quantity of rice would suffice\\na single person for twenty-four hours,\\nand actually lived himself eight days\\non four ounces of rice per day. Gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nral Eliott was remarkable for an abste\u00c2\u00ac\\nmious mode of living, seldom tasting\\nanything but vegetables, simple pud\u00c2\u00ac\\ndings, and water; and yet was very\\nhale, and used constant exercise: but\\nthe small portion just mentioned would\\nbe far from sufficient for a working\\nman kept continually employed, and in\\na climate where the heat necessarily\\ndemands very refreshing nourishment\\nto support nature under fatigue.\\nTwo deserters came in, with their\\narms, on the night of the 11th. They\\nbelonged to the Walon guards, a corps\\nin the Spanish service, composed prin\u00c2\u00ac\\ncipally, if not entirely, of foreigners.\\nThe following morning they were con\u00c2\u00ac\\nducted to Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, whence they had a\\nview of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works, which they\\ndescribed to the governor. The Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnish army were under arms on the 12th,\\nin the front of their camp, and were\\ndismissed by corps as the general\\npassed.\\nThe 14th, arrived the Buck cutter\\nprivateer, Captain Fagg, carrying 24\\n9-pounders. The abilities and bravery\\nof a British sailor were so eminently\\nconspicuous in the captain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s conduct\\nprevious to his arrival, that even our\\nenemies could not help bestowing on\\nhim the encomiums to which his merit\\nentitled him. About eight in the morn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the privateer was discovered in\\nthe Gut, with a westerly breeze. The\\nusual signal for seeing an enemy was\\nmade by the Spaniards at Cabrita\\nPoint; and Admiral. Barcelo, with a", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "1779.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n37\\nship of the line, one of 50 guns, a fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngate of 40, two xebeques, a settee of\\n14 guns, with half-galleys, c. c. to\\nthe number of 21, got under way to in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntercept her. On the first alarm a\\nxebeque at anchor off Cabrita had\\nweighed, and stood out into the Straits:\\nthe cutter nevertheless continued her\\ncourse; but observing the whole Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnish squadron turning the Point, she\\nsuddenly tacked, and stood towards the\\nBarbary shore: the xebeques, frigate,\\nand lighter vessels pursued, but were\\ncarried down to leeward by the irresis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntible rapidity of the current, whilst the\\ncutter in a great degree maintained her\\nstation. As it may appear very extra\u00c2\u00ac\\nordinary to readers unacquainted with\\nnautical affairs, that the privateer\\nshould not be equally affected by the\\ncurrent, it may be necessary to inform\\nthem, that a cutter, or any vessel rigged\\nin the same manner, from the forma.-\\ntion of her sails can go some points\\nnearer the wind than a square-rigged\\nvessel; which advantage, on this occa\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion, enabled Captain Fagg to turn\\nbetter to windward, by stemming the\\ncurrent, whilst the Spaniards, by oppos\u00c2\u00ac\\ning their broadsides, were carried away\\nto the eastward. But to resume the\\nnarrative Barcelo, who had his flag\\non board the 74, was the last in the\\nchase, and, perceiving his squadron\\ndriving to leeward, prudently returned\\nto the Point, to be in readiness to inter\u00c2\u00ac\\ncept her in the bay. The 50-gun ship\\nalso laid her head to the current, and\\nkeeping that position, drove very little\\nin comparison with her friends. Affairs\\nwere thus situated when Captain Fagg,\\npersuaded that the danger was over,\\nboldly steered for the garrison. The\\n50-gun ship endeavoured to cut her off\\nfrom the eastward, but was compelled\\nto retire by our batteries at Europa:\\nand Barcelo got under way to inter\u00c2\u00ac\\ncept her from Cabrita Point; but find\u00c2\u00ac\\ning his efforts ineffectual, he was\\nobliged to haul his wind, and giving\\nher two irregular broadsides, of grape\\nand round, followed his unsuccessful\\nsquadron to the eastward. The cutter\\ninsultingly returned the Spanish ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire with her stern-chase, and\\nsoon after anchored under our guns.\\nI The expectations of the troops and\\nJ inhabitants, who were spectators of the\\naction, had been raised to the highest\\npitch: few doubted but she was a king\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nvessel; and as no intelligence had been\\nreceived from England for many weeks,\\ntheir flattering fancies painted her the\\nmessenger of good news; probably the\\nforerunner of a fleet to their relief.\\nBut what was their despondency and dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nappointment, when they were informed\\nthat she Ivas only a privateer, had been\\na considerable time at sea, and put in\\nfor provisions Though our condition\\nin the victualling-office became weekly\\nmore and more serious, yet the gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor generously promised Captain Fagg\\nassistance. What indeed could be re\u00c2\u00ac\\nfused to a man by whose boldness and\\nskilful manoeuvres the port was once\\nmore open, and the bay and Straits\\nagain under the command of a British\\nadmiral Only two or three half\u00c2\u00ac\\ngalleys returned to Cabrita Point; the\\nrest of their squadron were driven far\\nto leeward of the rock.\\nAssuming the liberty of a short di\u00c2\u00ac\\ngression in this place, it may be neces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsary to inform the reader of the extent\\nand breadth of the Straits of Gibraltar,\\nand acquaint him at the same time\\nwith the opinions of different writers\\nconcerning the perpetual current that\\nsets into the Mediterranean Sea, from\\nthe great Atlantic Ocean, which has so\\nlong engaged the attention of many\\ncelebrated natural philosophers.\\nThe Straits of Gibraltar (formerly\\nknown by the name of the Herculean\\nStraits) are about twelve leagues in ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntent, from Cape Spartel to Ceuta Point,\\non the African coast, and from Cape\\nTrafalgar to Europa Point, on the\\ncoast of Spain. At the western en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrance, they are in breadth about eight\\nleagues, but diminish considerably\\nabout the middle, opposite Tarifa (a\\nsmall fishing-town on the Spanish\\ncoast, originally a place of great con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequence and strength), though they\\nwiden again between Gibraltar and\\nCeuta, where they are about five\\nleagues broad.\\nPhilosophers, who have communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncated their sentiments on the extraor\u00c2\u00ac\\ndinary phenomenon of a constant cur-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "38\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. III.\\nrent, differ widely in accounting for\\nthe disposition of that continual influx\\nof waters, which, it is natural to sup\u00c2\u00ac\\npose, would, without some consumption\\nor return, soon overflow the bounda\u00c2\u00ac\\nries of the Mediterranean Sea. The\\ningenious Dr. Halley was of opinion,\\nthat this perpetual supply of water\\nfrom the vast Atlantic Ocean was in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended by nature to recruit what was\\ndaily exhaled in vapour: others again\\nthink, the waters that roll in with the\\ncentre current are returned, by two\\ncounter-streams, along the African and\\nSpanish shores. That there are two\\ncounter-streams is without doubt; but\\ntheir rapidity and breadth bear little\\nproportion to the principal current. A\\nthird class suppose a counter-current\\nbeneath, and of equal strength with the\\nupper stream; and this opinion appears\\nconfirmed by a circumstance related by\\nColonel James, in his description of\\nthe Herculean Straits, of a Dutch ship\\nbeing sunk in action by a French pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvateer off Tarifa, which some time\\nafterwards was cast up near Tangier,\\nfour leagues to the westward of the\\nplace where she disappeared, and\\ndirectly against the upper current.\\nThis hypothesis receives also addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntional support from the repeated disap\u00c2\u00ac\\npointments which have been experi\u00c2\u00ac\\nenced by many naval officers, in at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempting to sound the depth of the\\nStraits with the longest lines: for the\\nopposition between the currents might\\ncarry the line in such directions as\\nto defeat the intention of this experi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment\\nThese facts seem strongly to indicate\\na recurrency to the westward; which,\\nthough it may riot be so rapid as the\\nupper stream, yet, with the assistance\\nof the currents along the Spanish and\\nBarbary shores, and the necessary ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nhalations, may account for the Mediter\u00c2\u00ac\\nranean Sea never increasing by the\\nconstant supply received from the At\u00c2\u00ac\\nlantic Ocean. The rapidity of the su\u00c2\u00ac\\nperior current renders the passage from\\nthe Mediterranean to the westward\\nvery precarious and uncertain, as ships\\nnever can stem the stream without a\\nbrisk Levanter, or easterly wind. Ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels, therefore, are often detained l\\nweeks and sometimes months, waiting\\nfor a favourable breeze; in which case\\nthey find a comfortable berth in the\\nbay of Gibraltar.\u00e2\u0080\u0094To return to my\\nnarrative.\\nTwo frigates, on the night of the\\n14th, joined the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s small craft in\\nthe bay, from the west. It was thought\\nfrom some preparations that were made\\non board our men-of-war the succeed\u00c2\u00ac\\ning evening, that Admiral Duff in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended an attempt to cut out or destroy\\nthese ships a council was held in the\\nnavy, and the practicability of such an en\u00c2\u00ac\\nterprise debated; but nothing was done.\\nThe bay being again open, the night\\nof the 19th a Moorish settee came in,\\nwith 39 bullocks and a few sheep: the\\nformer were so weak and poor, that\\nmany of them died on the beach as\\nsoon as they were landed: they were,\\nhowever, a most acceptable supply.\\nThe patron informed us that a vessel\\nhad sailed the preceding night for the\\ngarrison, with 40 bullocks, 50 sheep,\\nand 30 goats; which we imagined was\\ntaken by the galleys at the Point. The\\nfollowing day, a Swede stood in for the\\ngarrison, with a signal at her fore-top\u00c2\u00ac\\ngallant mast-head, by which she was\\nknown to be laden with provisions, and\\nconsigned to an inhabitant. Off the\\nPoint she was boarded by a row-boat,\\nand conducted immediately to Alge-\\nziras. The 23rd the governor pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nportioned the fuel to the officers. This\\narticle was now become scarce and\\nimportant. The coals in the garrison\\nwere few: what fuel, therefore, was is\u00c2\u00ac\\nsued at this period, was wood from ships\\nbought by government, and broken up\\nfor that purpose, but which had so\\nstrongly imbibed the salt water, that it\\nwas with the utmost difficulty we could\\nmake it take fire.\\nA small boat arrived on the 24th,\\nwith a packet from Mr. Logie: this\\npacket was landed at Mogadore in\\nSouth Barbary, by the Fortune sloop-\\nof-war, Captain Squires. If I rightly\\nrecollect, it was upon this occasion that\\nthe following successful stratagem was\\neffected, through the fidelity of a Moor\\nentrusted by Mr. Logie to carry the\\ndispatches to that part of the coast,\\nl whence, to prevent interception, he", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "1779.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n39\\nthought it prudent to send them to\\nGibraltar. The Spaniards, acquainted\\nwith the importance of these dispatches,\\nwished to prevent them coming to our\\nhands; and accordingly offered 1000\\ncobs (about 225/. sterling) to the Moor,\\nto induce him to betray his trust, and\\npretend he had been robbed on his way\\nto the coast. The faithful Moor im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately acquainted the consul with\\nthe offer, who directed him to promise\\nthat he would comply. In the interval\\nMr. Logie prepared false dispatches,\\nin ciphers, signed and dated them\\nfrom St. James\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and affixed a seal\\nfrom the cover of a letter from Lord\\nHillsborough to himself: these were\\ninclosed in the usual form, and directed\\nto General Eliott. The Moor re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived part of the bribe, and delivered\\nup the fictitious packet: Mr. Logie on\\nhis return appeared much distressed by\\nthe accident, and the next evening sent\\nthe real dispatches to Gibraltar.\\nThe wind veering round to the\\nsouthward, on the 26th Admiral Bar-\\ncelo returned from Ceuta to his old\\nanchorage off Algeziras, and the port\\nagain became closely blockaded. A\\ndeserter came in, on the morning of\\nthe 30th, from the lines; he belonged\\nto the Walon guards; and about five in\\nthe afternoon, another Walon deserted\\nto us. They fired several muskets at\\nthe latter, and he turned about and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned the shot: three horsemen then\\npursued him, but were driven back by\\nour artillery. After the first gun-fire,\\ntwo more came in of the same corps.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s operations continued to\\nbe confined to the completion of their\\nbatteries, and the finishing of their\\nboyau. In their camp we observed\\nthem busily employed in erecting huts\\nfor the accommodation of their troops\\nagainst the winter rains, which now\\nhad begun to set in. On the other\\nhand, the governor made every neces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsary addition to the works. Waterport\\ncovered way was doubly palisaded, and\\na battery for three guns erected on the\\nprojecting quay; a work of masonry, to\\nmount two guns, was built at Ragged-\\nstaff and traverses of casks and earth\\nwere raised on the different roads, on\\nthe north front, to secure the commu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnications. Some improvements were\\nalso made in the batteries and works\\nat Europa.\\nDecember commenced with the cap\u00c2\u00ac\\nture of a Genoese polacre, becalmed off\\nEurcpa. Our sailors found about 220/.\\nin money on board, with some letters,\\nfrom which we learned that the enemy\\nsustained some loss in the lines from\\nour fire. The 4th, the enemy beat a\\nparley, and sent in a mule (belonging\\nto Colonel Green, the chief engineer)\\nwhich had strayed to their lines; an\\ninstance of politeness which we did not\\nexpect. The 8th, another deserter\\ncame in; he was pursued, but we pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ntected him. The subsequent day we\\nobserved several men about the west\u00c2\u00ac\\nern and eastern advanced stone guard\u00c2\u00ac\\nhouses, which we imagined were posted\\nthere to prevent desertion. Our artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery endeavoured to dislodge them with\\nround shot, but did not succeed. The\\n10th, the enemy fired several rounds,\\nfrom Fort St. Philip, at our fishing-\\nboats in the bay. Four soldiers of\\nDe la Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiment, quartered on\\nWindmill-hill, attempted, on the 13th,\\nto desert: search was however imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately made for them, and two were\\nretaken. Those who escaped were\\nsupposed to have got down by a rope-\\nladder, left by the party employed in\\ncutting brush-wood for fascines. The\\nnext day another of the enemy endea\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoured to come over to us, but, being\\npursued by two horsemen, was cut\\ndown and secured. One of the horses\\nbelonging to the pursuers was killed\\nby our fire, and the rider much bfuised\\nwith the fall. The succeeding day\\nthis unfortunate man was executed on\\na new gallows, erected near their artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery park, and the body, according to\\ncustom, hung till sunset.\\nThe governor, on the 19th, ordered\\nthat no guns should be fired from the\\ngarrison at the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shipping, if\\nthe distance required more than 6\u00c2\u00b0 ele\u00c2\u00ac\\nvation except when ships were chas\u00c2\u00ac\\ning or engaged. On the 20th, the\\nBuck, having refitted, sailed on a cruise\\nto the eastward. We were afterwards\\ninformed that she unfortunately fell in\\nwith a French frigate, which, after a\\nfew broadsides, captured the Buck;", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "40\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. in.\\nbut before she could be got into port,\\nshe sunk from the damage received in\\nthe action. On the night of the 26th,\\nwe had a most violent storm of rain,\\nwith dreadful thunder and lightning.\\nThe succeeding morning a vast quan\u00c2\u00ac\\ntity of wood, cork, c. was floating\\nunder our walls: the rain had washed\\nit from the banks of the Palmones and\\nGuadaranque, and it was wafted by the\\nwind over to our side of the bay. Fuel\\nhad long been a scarce article: this\\nsupply was therefore considered as a\\nmiraculous interference of Providence\\nin our favour.\\nThe enemy, the 27th, fired four guns\\nfrom Fort St. Philip one of the shot\\nstruck the extremity of Prince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines.\\nWhether these were fired to frighten\\nour fishermen, who were dragging their\\nnets near the farther gardens, with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout Landport, or only as an experi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, we could not say, as they imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately ceased on our returning the\\nfire from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. The day following,\\ncame in three deserters; and the same\\nmorning the Fly packet-boat arrived\\nfrom Tangier, with 40 goats, fowls and\\neggs, but no mail this cargo, though\\ntrifling, was highly acceptable. The\\ndeserters informed us that the enemy\\nwere almost overflowed in their lines,\\nfrom the late excessive rains: in some\\nplaces, particularly near the new bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries, the water was two and three\\nfeet deep; and their efforts to drain it\\noff had hitherto been ineffectual. The\\n28th, a soldier of Hardeuberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s deserted\\ndown the back of the rock.\\nJanuary, 1780, did not commence\\nwith any very interesting events. A\\nsquadron of men-of-war passed through\\nto the west on the 2nd it being hazy,\\nwe could not distinguish of what nation\\nthey were; but many thought them\\nSpaniards from Carthagena. On the\\nevening of the 5th, a fire broke out in\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, which, we after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards learned, destroyed four officers\u00e2\u0080\u0099\\nmarquees, and six or seven huts. The\\nfollowing day, after gun-fire, two Wa-\\nlons deserted to us: they brought infor\u00c2\u00ac\\nmation that upwards of forty mortars\\nwere mounted in the lines, and that all\\ntheir batteries were completed with\\ncannon.\\nA Neapolitan polacre was luckily\\ndriven under our guns on the 8th, and\\nobliged to come in. On board we found\\nabout 6000 bushels of barley, a cargo\\n(circumstanced as we were) of inesti\u00c2\u00ac\\nmable value. The bakers had long been\\nlimited to the quantity of bread daily to\\nbe issued to the inhabitants, and sen\u00c2\u00ac\\ntries were placed at the wickets -where\\nit was delivered, to prevent confusion\\nand riot. The strongest, nevertheless,\\nhad the advantage; so that numbers of\\nwomen, children, and infirm persons\\nreturned to their miserable habitations,\\nfrequently without tasting, for some\\ndays, that chief, and perhaps necessary\\nsupport of life. The inhabitants were\\nnot the only sufferers in this scene of\\ndistress; many officers and soldiers had\\nfamilies to support out of the pittance\\nreceived from the victualling office.\\nA soldier, with his wife and three\\nchildren, would inevitably have been\\nstarved to death, had not the generous\\ncontribution of his corps relieved his\\nfamily. One woman actually died\\nthrough want; and many were so en\u00c2\u00ac\\nfeebled that it was not without great\\nattention they recovered. Thistles,\\ndandelion, wild leeks, c. were for\\nsome time the daily nourishment of\\nnumbers. Few supplies arriving from\\nBarbary, and there appearing little\\nprospect of relief from England, famine\\nbegan to present itself with its attendant\\nhorrors. Had there b^en a glimmer\u00c2\u00ac\\ning hope of assistance from home, it\\nwould have enabled many to support\\nthemselves under this accumulation of\\ndistress; but, alas we seemed entirely\\nabandoned to our fortune.\\nNot only bread, but every article\\nnecessary to the support of life, was\\nhard to be procured, and only to be\\npurchased at exorbitant prices. Veal,\\nmutton, and beef sold from 2s. 6 d. to\\n4s. per pound; fresh pork, from 2s.\\nto 3s.; salt beef and pork, Is. 3d.\\nper pound; fowls, 18s. per couple;\\nducks, 21s.: firewood, 5s. per cwt;\\na pint of milk and water, Is. 3d. Ve\u00c2\u00ac\\ngetables. were extremely scarce: a\\nsmall cabbage cost Is. 6 d., and a small\\nbunch of the outward leaves sold for\\n5 d. Irish butter, 2s. 6 d. per pound;\\neggs, 6d. each; and candles, 2s. 6d. per", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n41\\npound. The best fish was most exor\u00c2\u00ac\\nbitantly dear, considering on what\\nterms the garrison had been formerly\\nsupplied. It is natural to suppose, from\\nthe rock being almost surrounded with\\nthe sea, that we should have a constant\\nresource in this article. The contrary\\nwas, however, the case: our fishermen\\nwere foreigners, and being under no\\nregulation, they exacted, by degrees,\\nmost extravagant sums for what some\\nmonths before we should have refused\\nwith disgust.\\nThis extreme scarcity of provisions,\\nit may well be imagined, could not fail\\nto exercise the invention of individuals.\\nA singular mode of hatching chickens\\nwas about this time successfully prac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntised by the Hanoverians; and, as it\\nmay be acceptable to some readers,\\nthe process, as communicated by a\\nfriend, is here inserted. The eggs\\nwere placed, with some cotton, wool,\\nor other warm substance, in a tin case\\nof such construction as to be heated\\neither by a lamp or hot water; and, by\\na proper attention to the temperature\\nof heat, the eggs were commonly\\nhatched in the usual time of a hen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nsitting. A capon (however strange it\\nmay appear) was then taught to rear\\nthem. To reconcile him to this trust,\\nthe feathers were plucked from his\\nbreast and belly; he was then gently\\nscourged with a bunch of nettles, and\\nplaced upon the young hatch, whose\\ndowny warmth afforded such comfort\\nto the bared and smarting parts, that\\nhe, from that period, reared them up\\nwith the care and tenderness of a\\nmother.\\nEarly in the morning of the 10th, a\\nsquadron of ships was seen to the east,\\nwhich had passed through in the night;\\nfive were of the line, and one under\\njury-masts supposed to be Count d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Es-\\ntaing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fleet from the West Indies. The\\nsame day a soldier of the 58th regiment\\nwas executed for stealing: he was the\\nfirst man who had suffered since Gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nral Eliott had been governor. The day\\nfollowing, the enemy fired, from Fort\\nSt. Barbara, on a clergyman perform\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the last office over the corpse of a\\nsoldier of the 72nd regiment, at the\\nburial ground near the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nmeadow. The party immediately re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntired, though not before they had de\u00c2\u00ac\\nposited their charge. As this conduct\\nconvinced us that the enemy would not\\npermit us to bury our dead without\\nthe garrison, a part of the red sands\\nbehind the Princess of Wales\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines\\nwas appropriated to that purpose.\\nThe 12th, they surprised us again\\nwith ten shot from Fort St. Philip;\\nseveral came into town, and did some\\ntrifling damage amongst the buildings.\\nThe inhabitants, whose alarms had not\\ntotally subsided since the middle of\\nSeptember, when the governor opened\\nupon the enemy, were now perfectly\\nconvinced they meant to return our\\nfire; and accordingly began, on the\\nfirst report of their guns, to remove\\nthemselves to the southward. Some in\\nthe greatest confusion endeavoured to\\nsecure their valuables in town; but the\\nfiring ceasing, the fugitives, before\\nnight, summoned up sufficient courage\\nto return. A woman, passing near one\\nof the houses, was slightly hurt. It\\nwas singular that a female should be\\nthe first person wounded by the enemy\\nat this remarkable siege. In the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the commanding officers had orders\\nto inform their corps that the governor\\nwas under the necessity of curtailing\\nthe weekly allowance of provisions.\\nDisagreeable as this intelligence was,\\nand particulai\u00e2\u0080\u0099ly when we consider the\\ndistress which many experienced even\\nwith the full allowance, the men re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived it without the smallest appear\u00c2\u00ac\\nance of discontent. Convinced of the\\nnecessity, they acquiesced with cheer\u00c2\u00ac\\nfulness indeed, to do them justice, in\\nall the vicissitudes of this trying period\\nthe garrison submitted, without mur\u00c2\u00ac\\nmuring, to every necessary regulation,\\nhowever unpleasing. It was fortunate\\nfor many that this short allowance of\\nprovisions did not continue long: nay,\\nit remained a doubt with some whether,\\nat the time, the governor was not ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprised of a relief being near, and did\\nnot enact this regulation solely to make\\ntrial of the disposition of his troops. If\\nso, how satisfactory a circumstance\\nmust it have been to find the army\\nunder his command accord with so\\nmuch good humour to what might be", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "42\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. III.\\nconsidered as a real hardship, however\\nindispensable!\\nAdmiral Duff, on the 13th, gave\\norders to the men-of-war and armed\\nvessels to be prepared, in case a convoy\\nwas near, to afford every protection to\\nany straggling ships that might attempt\\nthe port before the main body arrived.\\nThis caution confirmed us in the opi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnion of a convoy being expected; and\\na general joy was diffused throughout\\nthe garrison at the flattering, though\\nprobably distant prospect. Two days\\nafter, a brig, which with other vessels\\nseemed to be going through to the east,\\nsuddenly altered her course, and, not\u00c2\u00ac\\nwithstanding she was opposed by the\\nenemy, anchored under our walls. A\\nship with the British flag, entering the\\nbay, was so uncommon a sight that\\nalmost the whole garrison were assem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbled at the southward to welcome her\\nin; but words are insufficient to describe\\ntheir transports on being informed that\\nshe was one of a large convoy which\\nhad sailed the latter end of the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding month for our relief. The dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntressed Jews, and other inhabitants,\\nwere frantic with joy; and the repeated\\nhuzzas from all quarters for some time\\nprevented further inquiries. We after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards learned that she had parted com\u00c2\u00ac\\npany with the convoy in the Bay of\\nBiscay, and off Cadiz had discovered\\nnine sail of large ships, which the\\nmaster concluded were Spaniards sta\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned there to oppose their entrance.\\nThe latter part of their information\\ngave us much uneasiness. The enemy,\\nwe concluded, would have good intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence of the force of the British con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoy. If, therefore, any opposition was\\nintended, a superior squadron would\\nconsequently be stationed at the en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrance of the Straits. These reflections\\ndamped, in a great degree, the plea\u00c2\u00ac\\nsure we before experienced, and made\\nus apprehensive that the relief was not\\nso near as we at first expected. The\\nprospect of it had, however, a very vi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsible effect on the price of provisions,\\nwhich immediately fell more than two-\\nthirds.\\nSince it was probable that straggling\\nships might attempt the port before the\\nbody of the convoy approached, the\\nChilders sloop-of-war and armed ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels were ordered to cruise in the bay\\nto protect them from the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s small-\\ncraft. Previous to the arrival of the\\nbrig, a soldier of the 58th regiment\\ndeserted from a party employed behind\\nthe rock in gathering shrubs, c. for\\nfascines. The 16 th, a Walon deserted\\nto us, by whom we were informed that\\nthe enemy had everything prepared in\\ntheir lines to bombard the town. At an\u00c2\u00ac\\nother time we should have been greatly\\nalarmed at this intelligence; but our\\nthoughts were too much engaged with\\nthe pleasing though uncertain hopes\\nof relief to reflect on the consequences\\nof a bombardment. In the evening\\nour apprehensions concerning the con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoy were totally dispelled by the ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrival of a brig laden with flour, which\\ncommunicated the joyful news that\\non the 8th of January Admiral Sir\\nGeorge Brydges Rodney had captured,\\noff the coast of Portugal, a Spanish\\n64-gun ship, five of 32 and 28 guns,\\nwith fifteen merchantmen, belonging to\\nthe Caracca Company, going from Bil-\\nboa to Cadiz; and that, with a fleet of\\ntwenty-one sail of the line and a large\\nconvoy of merchant-ships and trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nports, he was proceeding to our relief.\\nEvery idea of opposition at this infor\u00c2\u00ac\\nmation immediately vanished and we\\nanticipated the flattering prospect of\\nseeing the British flag once more tri\u00c2\u00ac\\numphantly displayed in the Mediterra\u00c2\u00ac\\nnean.\\nThe weather on the 17th was very\\nhazy; but clearing up the succeeding day,\\none of the prizes arrived without any op\u00c2\u00ac\\nposition from the enemy. The midship\u00c2\u00ac\\nman who brought her in informed us,\\nthat when he parted with the fleet on\\nthe 16th, Sir George was engaged with\\na Spanish squadron off Cape St. Mary\u00e2\u0080\u0099s;\\nand that, just before they lost sight of\\nthem, a ship of the line blew up but\\nhe was at too great a distance to dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinguish whether she was friend or foe.\\nIn the evening one of the armed Ca\u00c2\u00ac\\nracca prizes came in, but no further\\nparticulars of the engagement could be\\nlearned. Our anxiety concerning the\\nevent of the action was, however, re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved a few hours afterwards by the\\nappearance of the convoy itself off Eu-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n43\\nropa. The wind, at that critical time,\\nunfortunately failed them; and the vi\u00c2\u00ac\\nvid flashes of lightning, by which we\\nhad discovered the fleet at the first, only\\nserved to exhibit them to us driving\\nwith the current to the eastward of the\\nrock. The Apollo frigate, Captain Pow-\\nnall, with one or two merchantmen,\\nnevertheless got in about eleven and\\nby the former the governor and garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson were acquainted with the agreeable\\ntidings of a complete victory over the\\nSpanish admiral, who, with three others\\nof his squadron, was taken one was\\nrun ashore, another blown up in the\\nengagement, and the rest dispersed.\\nWe now found that the plan for re\u00c2\u00ac\\nlieving Gibraltar had been conducted\\nat home with such secrecy and pru\u00c2\u00ac\\ndence that the enemy never suspected\\nthat Sir George meant to convoy the\\ntransports to the Straits with so strong\\na fleet. By their intelligence from\\nBrest, they understood he was to sepa\u00c2\u00ac\\nrate in a certain latitude, and proceed\\nwith the main body of the men-of-war\\nto the West Indies. Thus deceived,\\nthey concluded that the transports with\\ntheir convoy would fall an easy prey\\nto their squadron, which consisted of\\neleven men-of-war, all chosen ships\\nfrom their grand fleet.\\nAt daybreak, on the morning of the\\n19th, the enemy unmasked one of their\\n14-gun batteries. The guns, with those\\nin the fort, were all elevated, and\\nthe lines reinforced with two regiments\\nof infantry. The governor, notwith\u00c2\u00ac\\nstanding these appearances, ordered a\\nroyal salute to be fired at six o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock\\nfrom Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. The Panther man-of-\\nwar was decorated, and also fired a\\nsalute on account of this victory. About\\nseven the Edgar arrived, with the Phoe\u00c2\u00ac\\nnix prize of 80 guns, having on board\\nthe Spanish admiral, Don Juan de\\nLangara y Huarte. This ship had lost\\nher mizen and main top-masts, but\\nseemed little injured in the hull. The\\nadmiral, who was wounded in the en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngagement, was conducted on shore in\\nfile evening to lodgings in town, and\\nhad every attention and compliment\\npaid him which were due to his rank.\\nAt night, Admiral Digby, in the\\nPrince George, worked round Europa\\nwith eleven or twelve ships; but Sir\\nGeorge remained with the crippled\\nprizes, and with the main body of the\\nfleet, off Marbella, a Spanish town,\\nformerly of note, sixteen leagues to the\\neastward of Gibraltar.\\nThe 20th, being the anniversary of\\nthe King of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s birthday, Admiral\\nBarcelo\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ships were decorated accord\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to custom. When the colours were\\nstruck in the evening, the flag-ship,\\nwith her consort of 50 guns, was hauled\\nclose in land and the next day a large\\nparty began to erect a battery on the\\nshore for their protection; being ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprehensive, probably, of an attack from\\nthe British fleet. The night of the\\n21st, the enemy unmasked the other\\nbatteries in the lines, which again\\ncaused a general disturbance amongst\\nthe inhabitants. Everything seemed\\nnow prepared to fire upon the town.\\nThe convoy continued beating up but\\nthe prizes were so damaged in their\\nrigging that they could not be expected\\nto make the bay till the w ind veered\\nround to the east. Early on the 22nd,\\nseveral men-of-war, in coming into the\\nbay, were carried down under the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries near Point Mala, which\\noccasioned a general alarm in their\\ncamp. Drums beat to arms, and their\\nartillery opened in an instant. The\\nboats of the fleet, however, were or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered to their assistance, and the ships\\nwere towed back without receiving\\nmuch damage. One man was killed\\nand two wounded on board the Ter\u00c2\u00ac\\nrible all of them Spanish prisoners.\\nSir George, on his arrival off the\\ncoast of Barbary, had sent intelligence\\nto Mr. Logie to prepare supplies for the\\ngarrison. Three vessels therefore sailed\\nin the course of the 22nd for Tetuan to\\nbring over what was at hand. The\\nconsul had provided cattle, fascines,\\npickets, c. in readiness for the ships\\nwhen they arrived but, to his surprise,\\nthe ships sent in the hurry of business,\\nunder convoy of the Bedford, were\\ntransports fitted up for the reception of\\ntroops, with many weeks\u00e2\u0080\u0099 provisions on\\nboard and before the berths could be\\nremoved to admit the supplies, the\\nwind came easterly, and the ships were\\nobliged to return without them. This", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "44\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[CHAP. III.\\noversight was of great detriment to the\\ngarrison, as at this period we might\\nhave procured fresh provisions, which\\nwith economy would have served for\\nsome months. The garrison vessels\\nwere afterwards sent for these articles;\\nbut after Sir George Rodney\u00e2\u0080\u0099s depar\u00c2\u00ac\\nture, most of them were detained by\\nthe vigilance of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers.\\nWe learned by the Childers, on the\\n23rd, that Sir George was at anchor,\\nwith the prizes, in Tetuan Road; and\\nwaited only a favourable wind to join\\nthe remainder of the fleet in the bay.\\nAs the town of Tetuan has frequently\\nbeen mentioned in the preceding pages,\\nand probably will as often occur in the\\ncourse of the subsequent, the reader\\nwill perhaps not be displeased to find\\nin this place a short description of it.\\nTetuan is a very ancient town in Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbary, situated to the south-east of Ceuta,\\nabout six miles from the sea, on a river\\nwhich meanders beautifully through a\\npleasant country but which has a bar\\nat the entrance, that renders it unnavi-\\ngable for large ships. Small vessels\\nget up about two miles, as far as Mar-\\nteen, which is the quay and port of\\nTetuan. The town is walled round\\nwith square towers at different dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntances to flank the curtains. It is\\nbuilt on the gentle slope of a hill; and\\nthe houses being white, with flat roofs,\\nhave the appearance at a distance of an\\nencampment. The buildings are so\\ncontrived that a person may go from\\none end of the town to the other with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout descending into the streets, and in\\nthis manner their women, by occupying\\nthe upper stories, visit each other with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout being exposed to the sight of the\\nmale sex in the streets below.\\nThe town has a manufactory, and\\ncarries on a considerable trade, princi\u00c2\u00ac\\npally in barter; the road is, however,\\nso exposed towards the east, that ships\\ncannot remain there during the Levant\\nwinds. The Moors exchange cattle,\\npoultry, and fruit for other articles;\\nand when there is a truce between the\\npowers, supply several parts of Spain\\nwith provisions. The oranges of Te-\\ntuan are esteemed the largest and best\\nflavoured of any in that part of the globe.\\nThe enemy, we imagined, were not\\na little alarmed by the casual appear\u00c2\u00ac\\nance of our ships on the morning of the\\n22nd, as, for several days after, they\\nwere busy in removing cannon from\\ntheir artillery park to the different bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries along the coast. At Algeziras\\nthe top-masts and yards of the men-of-\\nwar were struck, and the ships hauled\\nas close in land, under the protection\\nof the new battery, as the depth of\\nwater would admit. Several Spanish\\nofficers were now permitted to return\\non their parole to Spain. The 24th,\\nthe Childers sailed back to Tetuan;\\nand soon after arrived a British letter\\nof marque from Newfoundland, laden\\nwith salt-fish.\\nWhilst the fleet remained in the bay\\nthe governor and garrison were often\\nhonoured with the presence of the\\nroyal midshipman, Prince William\\nHenry and when that youthful hero,\\non his return, laid his early laurels at\\nthe feet of his royal father, he pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsented, at the same time, a plan of the\\ngarrison, in the relief of which he had\\nmade his first naval essay. In that\\nplan were delineated the improvements\\nwhich the place had undergone, and\\nthe new batteries erected on the heights\\nsince the commencement of the blockade.\\nThe mention of his royal highness\\nbrings to my recollection an anecdote\\nof him, which occurred whilst the fleet\\nwas in the bay. The Spanish admiral,\\nDon Juan Langara, one morning visited\\nAdmiral Digby, to whose charge the\\nprince was entrusted, and Don Langara\\nwas of course introduced to his royal\\nhighness. During the conference be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween the admirals, Prince William\\nretired; and when it was intimated\\nthat Don Juan wished to return, his\\nroyal highness appeared in his charac\u00c2\u00ac\\nter of midshipman, and respectfully\\ninformed the admiral that the boat was\\nready. The Spaniard, astonished to see\\nthe son of a monarch acting as a petty\\nofficer, immediately exclaimed, \u00e2\u0080\u009cWell\\ndoes Great Britain merit the empire of\\nthe sea, when the humblest stations in\\nher navy are supported by princes of\\nthe blood.\u00e2\u0080\u009d f\\nHis late Majesty, King William IV.\\nIn consequence of learning that doubts", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n45\\nThree of the enemy, on the 25th,\\ndeserted to the garrison; a fourth, at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempting to desert, was retaken, and\\nanother was shot by the pursuers within\\nmusket-sliot of our lines. We tired\\nfrom Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s at the horsemen who fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowed them, and wounded two of their\\nhorses. The deserters said it was re\u00c2\u00ac\\nported that the enemy intended bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarding the town the succeeding day.\\nFor several preceding months we had\\nreason, from their operations, to think\\nsuch an event not improbable. Seven\\nor eight mortar batteries had been dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntributed along their lines, in which,\\naccording to our intelligence, were up\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards of forty mortars; these, with\\nthe cannon bearing on the garrison\\nfrom their gun batteries, amounted in\\nall to upwards of 100 pieces of ordnance.\\nThey, therefore, were not unprepared\\nfor such service but whether the cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstance of the Spanish admiral and\\nofficers being lodged in the town might\\nnot at that time in some degree influence\\ntheir conduct, or whether they were\\noverawed by the strong naval force\\nin their neighbourhood, they deferred\\nthe bombardment to a more distant\\nperiod.\\nSir George arrived in the Sandwich\\nfrom Tetuan on the 25th; and the fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing day the prizes and remaining\\nmen-of-war were all at anchor in the\\nbay. A council of war was immedi\u00c2\u00ac\\nately held on the admiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s arrival;\\nbut the subject of their debates was not\\nmade public. Late in the evening of\\nthe same day a Newfoundland vessel\\nwith fish, coming in, approached so\\nhad been expressed respecting the authenticity\\nof this anecdote, the author wrote, in 1835, to\\nSir Herbert Taylor, then private secretary to\\nthe King, and received from him the following\\nreply\\nMy dear Colonel,\u00e2\u0080\u0094I have taken the earli\u00c2\u00ac\\nest opportunity of submitting to the King the\\nmemorandum you left with me at St. James\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nPalace respecting the passage at page 90\\nof [p. 44 of the present edition] your valuable\\nand interesting work, the History of the Siege\\nof Gibraltar,\u00e2\u0080\u0099 to which it refers; and I have\\nnow the pleasure to acquaint you, by com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmand of his Majesty, that the anecdote there\\ngiven is correctly stated in every respect, and\\ntherefore that any alteration of it which may\\nhave been suggested is uncalled for.\\nWindsor Castle, 24th March, lo35.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nclose to the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s coast, that our\\nguard-boats were obliged to bring her\\nto her proper berth.\\nThe Fortune sloop carried over to\\nPoint Mala, on the 26th, the Spanish\\nwounded prisoners Admiral Langara,\\nwith his suite, still remained in Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar. Admiral Sir George Brydges\\nRodney landed on the 27th at Ragged\\nStaff, and, after visiting the Spanish\\nadmiral, dined with the governor.\\nPrince William, with Admiral Digby,\\nc., likewise dined at the convent.\\nThe same day the governor ordered\\nthose soldiers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 wives and children who\\nwere not provided with twelve months\u00e2\u0080\u0099\\nprovisions to prepare to leave the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison with the fleet; 250 lbs. of flour,\\nor 360 lbs. of biscuit, was stated as suf\u00c2\u00ac\\nficient for one person. By this regu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlation many useless hands were sent\\nhome, which would have been a vast\\nburthen on the garrison, circumstanced\\nas we afterwards were. The evening\\nof the 28th the Childers sailed for\\nEngland with despatches from the ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmiral but meeting with a gale of\\nwind at west, she was compelled to\\nreturn, after losing her fore-yard and\\nthrowing four guns overboard. At\\nnight came in a deserter from the\\nWalon guards.\\nAbout noon, on the 29th, a large\\nship appeared from the westward: on\\ndoubling Cabrita Point she was dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered to be an enemy. Signals were\\ninstantly made for the Edgar and two\\nfrigates to attack her. In the mean\\ntime the Spaniard seemed greatly con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfused, but at last worked close in land,\\nbetween two barbet batteries at the\\nPoint. Several broadsides were ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nchanged between her and the Edgar,\\nwhilst the frigates attacked the batte\u00c2\u00ac\\nries. They were, however, after some\\ntime recalled, the admiral being appre\u00c2\u00ac\\nhensive that they might sustain greater\\ndamage from the land than the object\\nin action would excuse. The same\\nday the second battalion of the 73rd\\nregiment, or Lord M\u00e2\u0080\u0098Leod\u00e2\u0080\u0099s High\u00c2\u00ac\\nlanders, commanded by Lieutenant-\\nColonel George M\u00e2\u0080\u0098Kenzie, disembarked\\nfrom on board the fleet at the New\\nMole, and took possession of the case\u00c2\u00ac\\nmates in the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, c. This", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "46\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. hi.\\nregiment was intended for Minorca;\\nbut General Eliott thought proper, with\\nthe advice of the admirals, c., to de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain them. Their strength at this time\\nwas 30 officers, 6 staff officers, 50 Ser\u00c2\u00ac\\njeants, 22 drummers, and 944 rank and\\nfile an excellent reinforcement in our\\nsituation, since the scurvy had already\\nbegun to appear among us. Colonels\\nPicton and Mawhood, with many other\\nofficers, joined their corps also by this\\nfleet. On the night of the 29th, came\\nin three more Walons. The Minorca\\nconvoy sailed on the 31st, under the\\nMarlborough, Invincible, c. The\\nwind changing to the east in the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the Childers made another at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempt to pass the Straits; which she\\neffected, and carried home dispatches\\ngiving authentic accounts of the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding victory.\\nSir George, when he captured the\\nCaracca fleet, judged that the cargoes\\nof several would be useful to the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison he therefore brought with him\\nwhat ships he thought would be ser\u00c2\u00ac\\nviceable, and landed their freights\\nalong with the supplies which govern\u00c2\u00ac\\nment had sent out. A great number\\nof guns of heavy metal, and some hun\u00c2\u00ac\\ndred barrels of powder, were also pur\u00c2\u00ac\\nchased from the Spanish prizes by the\\ngovernor, notwithstanding he had re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived a large supply of the latter by\\nthe convoy. The artillery (whose con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstant practice it was to try the strength\\nof powder on the batteries) afterwards\\ncompared the quality and strength of\\nthe British and Spanish powder, and\\nfound the former greatly superior.\\nIn the beginning of February, the\\nwind from the S. W. blew a strong\\ngale, which, from the foulness of the\\nanchorage off Rosia Bay, c., involved\\nthe fleet in great distress. Some of\\nthem were in very imminent danger of\\nbeing forced upon the rocks, particu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlarly one of the Spanish prizes, which,\\nwithout doubt, would have experienced\\nthat fate, if seasonable assistance had\\nnot been sent her, and the wind had\\nnot abated. The 3rd, Admiral Barcelo\\nagain hoisted his flag and ensign, hav\u00c2\u00ac\\ning secured his ships by a strong boom,\\nand completed the battery on the land,\\nwhich mounted 22 guns. Merlons Were\\nalso added to the fort on the island,\\nwhich before was en barbet.\\nThree deserters came in on the 5th:\\nthey were immediately sent on board\\nthe fleet, where the others had been\\nordered the preceding day, to take\\ntheir passage for England. These men\\ngave dismal accounts of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nsufferings in camp, where universal\\ndiscontent prevailed on account of the\\ngreat scarcity and dearness of provi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions. We little doubted the truth of\\nthis intelligence: the neighbourhood\\nof their camp, from our own knowledge\\nof the country, was not capable of sub\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisting so large an army; consequently\\nthey were obliged to be supplied with\\nprovisions, c. from places at a dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntance, and these resources since Admiral\\nRodney\u00e2\u0080\u0099s arrival had been cut off. Our\\ncruisers, in truth, not only obstructed\\nthese supplies, but also prevented the\\ngarrison of Ceuta from receiving the\\nrefreshments from Spain which their\\nsituation made necessary; and our in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntelligence from Barbary mentioned that\\nthat garrison was in a similar, if not\\nworse condition than their opposite\\nfriends. If Sir George, therefore, had\\ncontinued some time longer in the\\nMediterranean, our enemies probably\\nwould have been reduced to greater\\ndifficulties than we ourselves had expe\u00c2\u00ac\\nrienced.\\nAs the fortress of Ceuta is in some\\ndegree connected with the subject of\\nthe present narrative, it may not be\\nimproper to relieve the reader\u00e2\u0080\u0099s atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion by a brief description of it. The\\ntown of Ceuta is situated on the coast\\nof Barbary, about 15 miles to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of Gibraltar. Iu the oera of the\\nRomans it was a town of some note,\\nbut on the decline of that empire fell,\\nlike others, to the dominion of the\\nGoths and Moors. Ceuta remained in\\nthe possession of the latter till the year\\n1414, when John I., King of Portugal,\\nwith a formidable force, surprised and\\ntook it. The Moors afterwards made\\nmany attempts to recover it, but in\\nvain; and ever since, it has remained\\nin the possession of the Christians.\\nUpon the demise of Henry of Portu\u00c2\u00ac\\ngal, in 1578, that crown was seized\\nupon by the Spaniards; Ceuta const*-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n47\\nquently became a Spanish garrison:\\nand when the Portuguese revolted, un\u00c2\u00ac\\nder John, Duke of Braganza, in 1640,\\nand again established themselves into a\\ndistinct kingdom, Ceuta did not, with\\nthe rest of the empire, return to its na\u00c2\u00ac\\ntural allegiance, but continued in the\\nhands of the Spaniards, by whom it has\\nbeen held ever since.\\nBeing a promontory projecting into\\nthe sea, the situation of Ceuta is not\\nmuch different from that of Gibraltar.\\nThe town, which is built on the neck\\nof land that joins it to the continent,\\nis strongly fortified in the modern man\u00c2\u00ac\\nner. The suburbs are at some distance,\\nin order to be more out of reach of the\\nshells, in case of an attack from the\\nland; and they extend to the foot of a\\nmountain, at the extremity of the pen\u00c2\u00ac\\ninsula, on which are erected a watch-\\ntower and castle, surrounded with a\\nfortified wall, about a league in cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumference. The fortifications are kept\\nin good repair by slaves, who are sen\u00c2\u00ac\\ntenced to this punishment from the\\ndifferent prisons in Spain; and a strong\\ngarrison is kept in the fortress, to pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nvent a surprise from the Moors, who,\\nlike the Spaniards with respect to Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar, have a watchful eye over it.\\nThe city is regularly furnished with\\nprovisions from the opposite ports in\\nSpain; and being destitute of water,\\nwhich was formerly conducted by an\\naqueduct from the neighbourhood, is\\nsupplied with that article from Este-\\npona, a small Spanish fishing town\\nabout nine leagues to the eastward of\\nGibraltar.\\nAnother deserter came in on the 10th\\nof February. The day following, the\\ninvalids and women embarked on board\\nthe fleet. By the 12th the supplies\\nwere all landed, and the rigging of the\\nSpanish prizes being repaired, the fleet\\nprepared to return. The same day a\\nflag of truce brought over some English\\nprisoners: one of them, the master of\\na merchantman, which had been taken\\nin her voyage to the garrison, informed\\nus that the boom at Algeziras was a\\ntwenty-two-inch cable-rope, buoyed up\\nby casks, to prevent our sending fire\u00c2\u00ac\\nships among their shipping.\\nThe Spanish admiral having regu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlated with Sir George Rodney every\u00c2\u00ac\\nthing concerning the exchange and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nlease of prisoners, was permitted on the\\n13th to return upon his parole into\\nSpain. He was conducted with part of\\nhis suite, in the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s carriage, to\\nthe Spanish lines, where he was re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived by his friends, and with them\\nproceeded on to the camp. The suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding day, the remainder of the\\nSpanish officers were taken by the For\u00c2\u00ac\\ntune sloop, and landed at the Orange-\\ngrove. Lieutenant Williams, of the\\nnavy (who, after taking possession of\\none of the Spanish prizes in the action\\noff St. Mary\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, was obliged to run her\\nashore near Cadiz, and surrender him\u00c2\u00ac\\nself prisoner), returned with another\\nofficer, on board the sloop, to the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson. The liberal and polite behaviour\\nof the navy and the governor to Don\\nLangara and his countrymen made a\\nsensible and lasting impression on their\\nminds, and was confessedly of great\\nadvantage to the English prisoners in\\nSpain; particularly to those taken in\\nour neighbourhood, who ever after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards were treated with great atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion and humanity.\\nIn the evening of the 13th, the Bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ntish fleet got under way, excepting the\\nEdgar and the Panther ships of the\\nline, the Enterprise and Porcupine fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngates, w hich were left behind, as great\\npart of their crews had been removed\\nto man the prizes. The enemy, on their\\nappearing in motion, immediately gave\\nthe alarm, which was communicated by\\nsignals from their towers along the\\ncoasts towards Cadiz. At dusk few of\\nour ships were in sight from the upper\\npart of the hill.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "48\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nThe Spaniards renew the Blockade\u00e2\u0080\u0094Attempt to Burn our Shipping by Nine Fire-Ships, but\\nmiscarry\u00e2\u0080\u0094Gun Boats\u00e2\u0080\u0094Garrison again distressed\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy effectually cut off the Supplies\\nfrom Barbarv\u00e2\u0080\u0094Break Ground in advance from their lines\u00e2\u0080\u0094Scurvy very prevalent\u00e2\u0080\u0094Greatly\\nrelieved by the use of Lemons\u00e2\u0080\u0094Mode of using this Vegetable Acid\u00e2\u0080\u0094Garrison obtain a few\\nsupplies from Minorca\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy retarded in their operations\u00e2\u0080\u0094Spirited action between the\\nEnemy and an English Polacre\u00e2\u0080\u0094Garrison obliged to quit the Gardens on the neutral ground\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Tangier\u00e2\u0080\u0094Speedwell Cutter arrives after a spirited.engagement\u00e2\u0080\u0094A Spy discovered\u00e2\u0080\u0094Mr.\\nLogie, the British Consul in Barbary, expelled the Emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s dominions\u00e2\u0080\u0094Cruel treatment\\nwhich he and the other British subjects experienced\u00e2\u0080\u0094Cause of this event\u00e2\u0080\u0094A Memorial\\nfrom the Officers of the Garrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Great distress of the Troops\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Kite cutter, Captain\\nTrollop, arrives with intelligence that the British fleet is at the entrance of the Straits.\\nThe garrison might now be considered\\nin a very perfect state of defence. The\\nscurvy indeed had begun to affect\\nmany, and threatened to become more\\ngeneral; but we flattered ourselves\\nthat the enemy would give up their in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntention of starving us to a surrender,\\nand, by relaxing in their vigilance at\\nsea, might afford us an opportunity of\\nreceiving constant supplies of those\\narticles most essential to health. Our\\nstores and magazines were full; a re\u00c2\u00ac\\ninforcement had joined the garrison;\\nand new spirits were infused into the\\ntroops, since they were convinced, from\\nthe powerful force sent to their relief,\\nthat they were not forgotten in the\\nmultiplicity of objects which necessarily\\nengaged the attention of our friends at\\nhome.\\nAdmiral Duff having returned on\\nboard the fleet to England, the com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmand of the squadron that remained in\\nthe bay consequently devolved on\\nCaptain Eliott of the Edgar, who, on\\nthe 14th of February, hoisted his broad\\npendant as commodore.\\nThe 16th of the same month, Admiral\\nBarcelo removed the boom at Algeziras,\\nand warped out to his former anchor\u00c2\u00ac\\nage, immediately detaching his small\\ncraft to Cabrita Point, to intercept any\\nships that might attempt coming in.\\nIn the afternoon, the enemy executed\\ntwo men in camp, who, it was ima\u00c2\u00ac\\ngined, had been retaken in attempting\\nto desert: their bodies were not cut\\ndown until the 20th. This punishment\\nseemed, however, to have little effect;\\nfor at night three others came in,\\nhaving swum round Fort Barbara. The\\nmultitude of deserters from the Spanish\\nlines during the whole of the siege, is\\none of the circumstances least capable\\nof a satisfactory explanation. What\\ncould these unhappy men expect in a\\nconfined and blockaded garrison, and\\neven at a time when they could not fail\\nto be acquainted with the distress and\\ndifficulties under which we laboured\\nThe very act of escaping was attended\\nwith innumerable dangers; and, should\\nthe garrison afterwards fall into the\\nhands of the enemy, they were certain\\nto meet with the severest punishment.\\nThere is, however, a kind of heroism\\nin the passions; disgust, or resentment,\\nwill prompt men to overlook dangers\\nand difficulties, which, in the line of\\ntheir duty, would be esteemed insur\u00c2\u00ac\\nmountable.\\nA Venetian came in from the west,\\non the 21st; she spoke the British\\nfleet all well to the west of Cape St.\\nVincent. The subsequent day, a Dutch\\nprize, laden with flour, was sent in by\\nthe Maidstone privateer, which arrived\\nherself on the 23rd. Several other\\nvessels came in during the intermediate\\ntime to the 27th; when a Spanish", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n49\\nsquadron of four line-of-battle ships,\\ntwo frigates, and a xebeque, joined\\nAdmiral Barcelo from the west, and\\nagain blocked up the port. From\\nthe patched and disorderly appearance\\nof their sails and rigging, it was con\u00c2\u00ac\\njectured that they were fitted up in\\nhaste, and solely for the duty of the\\nblockade: it gave us however some\\nuneasiness to find them again likely to\\nadopt their former system.\\nAt daybreak, on the preceding day,\\nwe discovered a vessel at anchor off\\nWaterport, which we fired upon, sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nposing her to be a Spaniard: she im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately sent her boat to Ragged\\nStaff, and informed us that she was of\\nNaples, and bound to London; that she\\nhad touched at Minorca, and had on\\nboard two English discharged soldiers,\\nand two women passengers. The boat\\nreturned, and soon after went on shore\\nat Fort St. Philip, where it remained\\nabout half an hour. In the evening\\nthe enemy fired a shot at the vessel;\\nupon which she sent her boat a second\\ntime ashore: we answered the shot\\nfrom Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s; nevertheless at night\\nshe went over unperceived to Alge-\\nziras.\\nIn the beginning of March, three\\nregiments decamped from the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\narmy, and took different routes. On\\nthe night of the 2nd, two Genoese\\nsailors, who had formerly belonged to\\na privateer of the garrison, came over\\nto us in a small boat from Algeziras.\\nThe following day a Spanish convoy\\nunder a commodore arrived in the bay,\\nfrom the west. The governor, on the\\n11th, ordered the garrison to be\\nvictualled monthly (bread excepted)\\nin the following proportion: for a sol\u00c2\u00ac\\ndier, each first and third week, 1 lb. of\\npork, 2^ lbs. of salt fish, which had\\nbeen purchased from the Newfound\u00c2\u00ac\\nland ship; 2 pints of peas; 1 lb. of\\nflour; lb. of raisins; 1 lb. of rice;\\n5 oz. of butter; l\u00c2\u00a3 pint of oatmeal.\\nSecond and fourth week, 1 lb. of beef;\\n2 lbs. of fish; 2 pints of peas; 1 lb. of\\nrice 5 oz. of butter 1^ lb. of wheat;\\nlb. of raisins. The salt cod being\\nindifferent of its kind, and the soldiers\\nnot having proper vegetables to dress\\nwith it, proved very pernicious. This\\narticle continued to be delivered for\\nnear seven months; and undoubtedly,\\nin a great degree, promoted that dread\u00c2\u00ac\\nful disorder, the scurvy, which, before\\nSir George Rodney arrived, had made\\nits appearance, and afterwards became\\nvery general and fatal. The governor,\\nhowever, in this new distribution, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsidered the hospital, whose proportion\\nof salt meat was less, and more nourish\u00c2\u00ac\\ning articles issued instead.\\nNotwithstanding the repeated assur\u00c2\u00ac\\nances from the Spaniards, that the\\nEnglish prisoners in our neighbour\u00c2\u00ac\\nhood should be exchanged for those\\ntaken with Admiral Langara, none\\nwere yet sent in agreeably to that\\nadmiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s promise: Commodore Eliott\\nwas therefore under the necessity of\\nmaking a formal demand, and to en\u00c2\u00ac\\nforce it told them, if they did not com\u00c2\u00ac\\nply, he should expect the Spanish ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmiral would return with the officers\\nthen upon their parole. This con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvinced them the commodore was no\\nlonger to be trifled with; accordingly,\\non the 12th, about 390 British seamen\\nwere received on board the Fortune\\nsloop, and distributed amongst the\\nmen-of-war, whose crews, as I have\\nmentioned before, were sent to man\\nthe Spanish prizes. The same day a\\nMoorish sloop came in from Malaga,\\nand brought intelligence that the enemy\\nhad fitted up several fire-ships in the\\nbay. In the evening three of the 72nd\\nabsented themselves from their corps;\\nsearch was made the succeeding day,\\nand two of them were discovered asleep\\nin a cave, behind the Sugar-Loaf Point.\\nThey had cut up their working-dresses\\ninto shreds, which were tied together\\nto favour their descent down the rock;\\nand it is imagined the following night\\nthey would have repeated their attempt\\nto get off. One of these men was after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards executed, but the other was par\u00c2\u00ac\\ndoned.\\nThe Fly packet arrived the 14th,\\nwith an English mail. In the after\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoon the Maidstone came in, with a\\nsettee prize, which the captain had cut\\nout of Malaga road. A privateer,\\ncalled the Alert, beat in from the west\\non the 15th, notwithstanding an east\u00c2\u00ac\\nerly wind. A prize following her was\\nE", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "50\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. rv.\\ntaken off Cabrita Point. The 17th, the\\nenemy sent in 41 British seamen, who\\nwere distributed as before.\\nThe enemy at this time were not\\nparticularly employed. Some new ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrangements were made in their artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery park; and in their camp they\\nwere busy, collecting brush-wood for\\nfascines, which caused various conjec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntures in the garrison concerning their\\nfuture operations. A salute and feu-\\nde-joie were fired in their camp on the\\n19th, supposed to be occasioned by the\\nbirth of a son to the princess of Astu\u00c2\u00ac\\nrias. The night of the 23rd, the Alert\\nsailed with dispatches for England;\\nand on the 29th we received from the\\nenemy more English prisoners. In\\nthe course of the month the garrison\\nlost four men by desertion.\\nApril was not remarkable for any\\nevents of moment. On the 2nd, the\\nPorcupine frigate, Sir Charles Knowles,\\nBart., sailed to the eastward on a cruise.\\nThe 5th, arrived the Fly packet: she\\nreported that a merchantman, bound to\\nthe garrison, had been obliged by a\\nnorth wind, when she was almost ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived in the bay, to pass to the east\u00c2\u00ac\\nward, and put into Tetuan, where she\\nwaited a favourable opportunity to re\u00c2\u00ac\\nnew her attempt. The Fortune sloop,\\non the 6th, took over to the enemy\\n300 Spaniards, who had been confined\\nas prisoners for some time in our Navy\\nhospital. She returned with nine Bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ntish, and two days after took over 280\\nprisoners. The night of the 12th a\\nsloop, with two settees, came in from\\nTangier the former brought a packet\\nfrom Mr. Logie and the latter, cattle,\\nand other acceptable articles. The\\nfollowing day we observed the enemy\\nforming a bridge of pontons across\\nthe mouth of the river Guadaranque.\\nAt night, the Hyena frigate, Captain\\nThompson, arrived in thirteen days\\nfrom England. She was chased by the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers, and fired at, but re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived very little damage. The 20th,\\nthe Edgar, Commodore Eliott, and\\nthe Hyena, with a privateer, sailed to\\nthe west, notwithstanding the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nsuperiority in the bay. Admiral Bar-\\ncelo seemed to suspect their intention;\\nfor instantly on their appearing under\\nsail, he made a signal for his squadron\\nto pursue. The Edgar and her consort\\nwere, however, out of sight before the\\nSpaniards got abreast of Cabrita Point.\\nTowards the conclusion of the month,\\nthe enemy were more active in their\\ncamp, and sometimes in the lines; to\\nwhich place they brought down a great\\nquantity of fascines. They were chiefly\\nemployed in raising the boyau, and\\nmaking repairs, which were, however,\\nso trifling, that our artillery did not\\ndisturb them. Besides the arrivals al\u00c2\u00ac\\nready noted, we received supplies by\\ntwo or three boats from the Barbary\\ncoast; and in the course of the month,\\nthree deserters came over from the\\nenemy, one of whom swam to Land-\\nport from Tesse\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, about half\u00c2\u00ac\\nway between Fort Philip and Point\\nMala.\\nMay was not less barren of interest\u00c2\u00ac\\ning occurrences than the preceding\\nmonth. Several deserters attempted\\nto get in, but some were so unfortunate\\nas to be overtaken by their pursuers.\\nThese wretches were generally exe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuted the succeeding day, but the ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nample did not deter others from simi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar attempts.\\nThe 4th, the Fly returned with\\nfowls, leather, and fruit. Two days\\nfollowing, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s army were un\u00c2\u00ac\\nder arms in two divisions, and per\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed a sham engagement. One di\u00c2\u00ac\\nvision took post on the eminence above\\nthe stone quarry, under the Queen of\\nSpain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Chair, and was attacked by the\\nother from below. After a smart can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade, and brisk discharge of mus\u00c2\u00ac\\nketry, the party above gave way; but\\nthe night prevented our observing the\\nconclusion. The succeeding day, the\\nFortune received from a Spanish flag\\nof truce 47 prisoners, very few of\\nwhom were British. At night small\\narms were discharged on the neutral\\nground, supposed to be at some desert\u00c2\u00ac\\ners who were coming off. One Walon\\nreached the barrier, and informed us\\nthat several of his comrades agreed to\\nfollow him. The 10th, two men were\\nexecuted in the Spanish camp proba\u00c2\u00ac\\nbly, the same who were retaken.\\nAnother deserter, belonging to the\\nregiment of Estremadura, came in on", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n51\\nthe 11th, and was remarkable for be\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the first native of Spain who de\u00c2\u00ac\\nserted. The Spanish infantry in gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nral is raised upon a local establishment.\\nEach district is required, by an ancient\\nlaw called the Quinta, to furnish a cer\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain proportion of troops; and the men\\nare enrolled for about seven or eight\\nyears\u00e2\u0080\u0099 service, after which time they\\nare permitted to return to their re\u00c2\u00ac\\nspective provinces; and as the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards are all strongly attached to their\\nnative spot, desertion is consequently\\nless common with them than with any\\nother troops. Most of the men who\\ndeserted to us, came from those regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments in their service which are com\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed of foreigners.\\nA Swede was brought-to from Eu-\\nropa, the 15th, and obliged to come in.\\nWe were much disappointed in her\\nlading, which was salt. We had a\\nfew days before received some supplies\\nfrom Tangier; and on the 18th two\\nboats arrived from Tetuan, with fowls\\nand oil: the latter reported that the\\nFly packet, which had left us on the\\n11th, was driven ashore on the Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbary coast by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers,\\nwho, after the crew had quitted her,\\ntook possession. We were much con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncerned at this intelligence; for the\\nFly was a fast sailer, and had been\\nvery fortunate in frequently passing in\\nand out unobserved. The 20th, came\\nin a Moorish sloop from Malaga, with\\nbutter, raisins, and leather: the latter\\narticle was much wanted; indeed, so\\nscarce was it become in the garrison,\\nthat several officers, and most of the\\nmen, had been necessitated to wear\\nshoes made of canvas, with soles of\\nspun-yarn.\\nA letter of marque arrived on the\\n25th from Leghorn, with wine, oil, and\\nother articles a very valuable cargo\\nto the garrison. On the 30th the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s army were again under arms.\\nTheir manoeuvres on that day were the\\nattack and defence of a convoy. Their\\nparties, as in the last month, continued\\narranging the ordnance in their artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery park, and bringing down to the\\nlines materials for the repair of their\\nworks. Our artillery, however, took\\nlittle notice of them.\\nIn the beginning of June we received\\nsome seasonable supplies by the arrival\\nof three boats from Tetuan and one\\nfrom Tangier. By the latter we had\\nintelligence that the Fox packet, from\\nFaro, and a sloop, were at that place\\nwaiting an opportunity to get in; and\\nby this, or one of the former ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels, Mr. Logie gave information that\\nthe enemy had prepared several fire\u00c2\u00ac\\nships to burn our shipping in the bay.\\nTwo months before, he had intimated\\nto Commodore Eliott that the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards had five fire-ships in readiness\\nfor immediate use; and that they had\\nonce made an attempt to send them\\nover, but the wind failed. Repeating\\nthe intelligence, therefore, at this time,\\nwas peculiarly fortunate, as the next\\nnight they attempted to put in exe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncution their design. The same day, a\\nSpanish ship of the line sailed from\\nAlgeziras to the eastward.\\nOur naval force at this period con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisted of the Panther, of 60 guns, Cap\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain Harvey (who, since Commodore\\nEliott\u00e2\u0080\u0099s departure, commanded in the\\nMediterranean); the Enterprise fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngate, Captain Lesley; two armed ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels commanded by lieutenants, with\\nseveral armed ordnance transports, and\\nother ships belonging to merchants.\\nOn the morning of the 7th, a little\\nafter midnight, the Enterprise, which\\nwas anchored to the northward off the\\nNew mole head, discovered several\\nsail approaching her from the opposite\\nside of the bay: they were hailed, but,\\nbefore satisfactory answers could be\\nreceived, several fireworks and inflam\u00c2\u00ac\\nmable substances were thrown on\\nboard, and six fire-ships suddenly ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared in the form of a crescent, bear\u00c2\u00ac\\ning down upon her and the ordnance-\\nships in the New mole. Captain Les\u00c2\u00ac\\nley, with immediate presence of mind,\\ninstantly fired three guns to alarm his\\nfriends, and, cutting his cable, drove\\ncloser in shore. The Panther and\\nshipping, on the appearance of the\\nenemy, immediately commenced a\\nbrisk cannonade to retard their pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ngress; and, manning their boats, the\\nofficers and seamen, with their usual\\nintrepidity, grappled the ships; and,\\nnotwithstanding the fierceness of the\\nE 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "52\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\nflames, towed them, clear of our ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels, under the walls, where they were\\nafterwards extinguished. Beside these\\nsix, which were intended for the New\\nmole, three others were lighted and\\ndirected towards the Panther, at an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchor off Buena Vista; but one was\\ntowed off by the boats, and the other\\ntwo were at so great a distance that\\nthey drove out to sea to the eastward.\\nThe garrison was as early alarmed\\nas the navy. The drums beat to arms\\nthe guards were all upon their defence;\\nand the pickets, with the different re\u00c2\u00ac\\ngiments, assembled at their posts, and\\ncontinued under arms till daybreak.\\nThe artillery from the batteries se\u00c2\u00ac\\nconded the fire from the ships; but\\nthe darkness of the night prevented\\nany certain knowledge of the effect.\\nThe wind, which was favourable for\\ntheir purpose in the beginning of the\\nnight, fortunately grew still when they\\nwere most in need of it. The largest\\nof them, nevertheless, which was of the\\nsize of a large Indiaman, or 50-gun\\nship, would certainly have got into\\nthe New mole amongst the ordnance-\\ntransports, had not a few bar-shot, from\\na 32-pounder at the Mole head, turned\\nher round, and then the current carried\\nher into Rosia bay.\\nThe navy on this occasion cannot be\\ntoo highly commended for their cou\u00c2\u00ac\\nrage, conduct, and alertness. Their\\nintrepidity overcame every obstacle;\\nand though three of the ships were\\nlinked with chains and strong cables,\\nand every precaution was taken to ren\u00c2\u00ac\\nder them successful, yet, with uncom\u00c2\u00ac\\nmon resolution and activity, the British\\nseamen separated the vessels, and towed\\nthem ashore with no other injury to\\nthemselves than a few burns and\\nbruises. The design altogether, to do\\njustice to the ingenuity of Don Barcelo,\\nwas well projected, and his squadron\\njudiciously stationed at the entrance of\\nthe bay to intercept our men-of-war in\\ncase they had attempted to escape from\\nthe fire-ships. We afterwards were in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed that Admiral Barcelo proposed\\nto Don Alvarez to draw off our atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion from the southward by opening\\nhis land batteries on the town. With\u00c2\u00ac\\nout doubt such a proceeding would\\nhave diverted the attention of the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison in some measure from the ship\u00c2\u00ac\\nping but as the navy had the prin\u00c2\u00ac\\ncipal, nay, I may say, the sole honour\\nof opposing the fire-ships, their endea\u00c2\u00ac\\nvours would not have been less strenu\u00c2\u00ac\\nous, nor of course less successful.\\nThe hulls of the fire-ships were soon\\nafter broken up and sold to the inhabit\u00c2\u00ac\\nants for fuel, and proved a most season\u00c2\u00ac\\nable relief. Firing was become a more\\nimportant article than before, which\\nmay appear very extraordinary to the\\nreader, when he looks back to the short\\ntime which had elapsed since the de\u00c2\u00ac\\nparture of Sir George Rodney\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fleet:\\nbut it is necessary to inform him that\\nthe colliers intended for the garrison\\nwere too late in coming round from\\nthe Downs to join at Spithead\u00e2\u0080\u0094Sir\\nGeorge Rodney therefore sailed with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout them.\\nThe morning of the 8th, arrived the\\nFox packet, and another vessel from\\nFaro; and in the course of the 10th\\nand 12th, four boats came in from Te-\\ntuan and Tangier with various cargoes.\\nThe patrons reported it was current at\\nTangier that we killed 14 or 15 men\\nin the attack of the fire-ships, and that\\nthe Spaniards had several more fire\u00c2\u00ac\\nships ready in the bay, with which it\\nwas not improbable they might make a\\nsecond attempt. Our navy were con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequently very vigilant, and kept a\\ngood look-out. For some weeks past\\nwe had been remarkably successful in\\nreceiving these small and very accept\u00c2\u00ac\\nable supplies. Their cruisers, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, now began to be more alert, and\\nappeared to be stationed with better\\njudgment. On the 15th, a boat was\\ntaken coming in, but her consort es\u00c2\u00ac\\ncaped; and on the 20th, another ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived from Tangier, which brought\\nintelligence that a large ship, with\\ncoals and butter, bound to the garrison,\\nwas captured by the Spaniards two\\ndays before under the guns of Tangier.\\nThe 24th, several broadsides were ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nchanged between four of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nships, passing to Algeziras, and our\\nshipping and batteries at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward. Some few shot came ashore,\\nbut no particular damage was re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived. The Enterprise had 18 sail-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n53\\nors burnt by the explosion of some\\npowder.\\nEarly on the 27th, four Spanish gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats, with a xebeque and two galleys,\\napproached under cover of the night\\nand fired upon the Panther. A brisk\\ndischarge was however returned, and\\nthey soon retired. One shot struck the\\nsouth pavilion, and three were fired\\nthrough the Panther. This mode of an\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoyance the enemy afterwards greatly\\nimproved upon. These boats were\\nstrongly built, but ill finished: they\\nhad a small mast inclining forward\\nfrom the centre of the boat, almost\\nover the bow, upon which was hoisted\\na latine yard and sail, which, at an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchor, served as an awning to the men\\non board. They rowed astonishingly\\nswift, and each carried a 26-pounder in\\nthe bow. We never had a good oppor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunity of making any satisfactory ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nservations on them, but judged from\\ntheir appearance that they were about\\n70 feet long and 20 broad.\\nIn the beginning of July, the Pan\u00c2\u00ac\\nther man-of-war receiving upwards of\\n100 English prisoners from the enemy,\\nCaptain Harvey sailed for England.\\nSome alterations and additions took\\nplace the same day in the garrison de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntail. The 4th, the Fortune brought\\nover more British prisoners. We\\nhad received some supplies in the\\ncourse of a few days by two Moorish\\nboats, and they were followed on the\\n11th of July by one from Tangier,\\nwhich informed us of a fleet having\\nbeen seen off that coast, and that two\\nboats had been taken coming into the\\nbay. The fleet here mentioned was\\nthe combined fleet of France and Spain,\\nwhich soon after captured our out\u00c2\u00ac\\nward-bound East and West India fleets,\\nand carried the greater part of them\\ninto Cadiz one of the heaviest blows\\nwhich British commerce had ever\\nsustained.\\nThe recent attempt of the enemy to\\nburn the shipping and store-houses at\\nthe southward, added to the intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence which the governor had received\\nof the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fleet being off Cadiz,\\ncaused him to direct particular atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion towards that quarter of the garrison.\\nBatteries for heavy metal were made\\non the rock above Parson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Lodge, at\\nRosia; and directions were given for\\nthe New Mole to be cleared of shipping,\\nthat the ordnance might have more\\nliberty to play. Other alterations also\\ntook place in that neighbourhood.\\nEarly on the morning of the 17tb, five\\ngun-boats and four galleys fired upon\\nthe Enterprise and shipping in the New\\nMole. One of the frigate\u00e2\u0080\u0099s forecastle\\nguns was dismounted, and her fore-stay\\ncut: some shots came also on shore.\\nDuring the remainder of the month,\\nour firing, which had been continued\\nat intervals, was brisker on their par\u00c2\u00ac\\nties, who were principally employed in\\nforming considerable depots of fascines,\\ncasks, and timber, in the lines, and in\\ncollecting brush-wood from the coun\u00c2\u00ac\\ntry they were likewise very busy in\\ndisembarking stores which had lately\\narrived. Several empty transport-ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels, in the course of this month, left\\nthe garrison for England. A man of\\nthe 58th regiment deserted to the\\nenemy: one also came in from the\\nlines.\\nIn August few incidents occurred on\\neither side. Our provisions began to\\nbe bad, and extremely offensive. The\\nfew supplies we now received, were\\nrather luxuries than substantial: wine,\\nsugar, oil, honey, onions, and articles of\\nthe like kind, composed chiefly the\\ncargoes of those craft which arrived.\\nSugar was risen to 2s. 6d. per pound,\\nand everything else sold in proportion.\\nAbout 10 in the forenoon of the 3rd,\\na settee, coming in from the west, was\\nchased by the enemy, and taken into\\nAlgeziras. We imagined it was the\\nFox packet, which we then anxiously\\nexpected with an English mail; and\\nour conjectures afterwards were con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfirmed. The 10th, we observed the\\nenemy laying a bridge of boats across\\nthe river Palmones. Two days fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing, a brig was boarded almost\\nunder our guns, and conducted to Al\u00c2\u00ac\\ngeziras. It was thought to be the same\\nof which we had intelligence some\\ntime before, and which was laden with\\na variety of articles much wanted: her\\ncapture was therefore greatly lamented.\\nThe night of the 15th, six sailors de\u00c2\u00ac\\nserted in a boat from the New mole.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "54\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\nThe succeeding day, the Fortune sloop\\nreceived from the enemy 64 prisoners.\\nEnsign Bradshaw, of the 56th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, and several who were passengers\\nin the brig taken on the 12 th, were of\\nthe number. At night, five more\\nsailors who were rowing guard, went\\nover to the enemy. In the night of\\nthe 25 th, a Minorquin boat came in\\nwith wine, tea, and sugar, in eight\\ndays. The 27th and 29th, a soldier\\nand four sailors deserted to the enemy.\\nIt was imagined the sailors forced\\nwith them the midshipman who com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmanded the boat. Colonel Mawhood,\\nof the 72nd regiment, died on the 29th.\\nA small boat arrived from Barbary\\non the 30th, with information that the\\nMoors permitted the Spaniards to cap\u00c2\u00ac\\nture every English vessel which took\\nrefuge under the protection of their\\nguns; that the Spaniards would not\\nallow any boats to leave the bay of\\nTangier, and only waited for orders\\nfrom Admiral Barcelo to burn and\\ndestroy what remained. This intel\u00c2\u00ac\\nligence very sensibly affected us. To\\nbe cut off from what we had always\\nconsidered our domestic market, was a\\nstroke we little expected. We waited,\\nhowever, more authentic proofs of this\\nextraordinary conduct, before we could\\nimplicitly believe the defection of those\\nwhom during the present contest we\\nhad considered as our firm friends.\\nSeptember was as barren with respect\\nto material incidents as the preceding\\nmonths. The enemy finished their\\nponton bridge over the river Palmones\\non the 2nd. About a week afterwards,\\ntwo soldiers of the 56th deserted. On\\nthe 23rd, a flag of truce brought over\\nthe midshipman carried off by the\\nsailors who deserted the latter end of\\nAugust. The 29th, a deserter came\\nin, in the habit of a peasant: he spoke\\nseveral languages fluently, and said he\\nhad been a serjeant in their service.\\nSome suspicions arising, he was charged\\nto remain with part of the 58th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment at Windmill-hill. The follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning day we remarked, that the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nguards in the lines, at the hour of\\nrelieving, amounted to about 300 in\u00c2\u00ac\\nfantry, and 70 artillery, besides ca\u00c2\u00ac\\nvalry.\\nThe situation of the garrison by this\\ntime was again become very interest\u00c2\u00ac\\ning. The blockade was, if possible,\\nfuore strict and vigilant than before.\\nChains of small cruisers were stationed\\nacross the Straits, at the entrance of\\nthe bay, and on every side of the rock;\\nand the late disagreeable intelligence\\nfrom Tangier seemed now confirmed,\\nby our never having heard from that\\nquarter during the month. The little\\nassistance we therefore received, came\\nfrom Minorca; but the supplies from\\nthat place were so trifling, and sold at\\nsuch enormous prices, that few were\\nable to purchase them. We had not\\nbeen favoured with a cargo of cattle for\\na long period, and the scurvy began to\\ngain considerable ascendancy over the\\nefforts of our surgeons. Our distresses,\\nin short, promised to be more acute\\nand fatal than those we had already\\nexperienced.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s operations on the land\\nside had been for many months so\\nunimportant, as scarcely to merit our\\nattention. However, on the morning\\nof the 1st of October, we observed they\\nhad raised an epaulment, about 600\\nor 700 yards advanced from their lines.\\nThe preceding night, our out-guards\\nhad been alarmed with an unusual\\nnoise on the neutral ground, like that\\nof men at work: several large fires\\nalso appeared, and some attempts were\\nmade to burn our advanced barriers\\nwith devils, and other combustibles,\\nwhich were soon thrown off without\\ntaking effect; and notice was given to\\nthe Lines, Landport, and other guards.\\nThis alarm, however, was not general\\nin the garrison. As the morning ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced, the noise ceased; and we dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered that they had set fire to the\\nfishermen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s huts in the gardens: but\\nwhen the day permitted us to examine\\nfurther, we observed the above-men\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned work.\\nThe epaulment was about 30 yards\\nin extent, of a simple construction,\\ncomposed of chandeliers, fascines, and\\na few sand-bags; and was erected near\\nthe windmill or tower on the neu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntral ground, distant about 1100 yards\\nfrom our grand battery. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nguns were elevated, and batteries man-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n55\\nned; which, with other preparations\\nin the lines, seemed to argue that they\\nexpected we should fire, and were de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermined to oppose it. These appear\u00c2\u00ac\\nances, probably, induced the governor\\nnot to take any particular notice of\\ntheir work in the day: but at night,\\norders were sent to throw a few light\\nballs, to discover if they were making\\nany addition. The inhabitants imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately took the alarm, upon being told\\nthat the enemy had thrown up an ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced work, and that their batteries\\nwere manned; and at night very few\\nremained at the north end of the town.\\nIt now seemed evident the enemy\\nhad determined on a more serious\\nattack, in case the second blockade\\nwas unsuccessful: but we were at a loss\\nto imagine what motives could influ\u00c2\u00ac\\nence them to act so opposite to the\\nestablished mode of approaching a be\u00c2\u00ac\\nsieged garrison, by erecting a work so\\ndistant, and which had no connexion\\nwith their established lines.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries continued to\\nbe manned till the 2nd; and in the\\nafternoon of that day, Don Alvarez,\\naccompanied by an officer, supposed to\\nbe the Count d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Estaing, who was ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npected in the Spanish camp when the\\nlast deserter came in, visited the lines.\\nThey remained three-quarters of an\\nhour at Fort St. Barbara, viewing the\\nrock with glasses. On their return\\nthey were saluted from Point Mala;\\nand as they passed the front line of\\nthe camp, the regiments turned out\\nwithout arms. On the night of the\\n3rd, a smart engagement was heard off\\nCabrita Point, supposed to be between\\nsome vessel attempting to come in, and\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers; and the next\\nmorning a sloop with English colours\\nreversed was observed at Algeziras.\\nEarly on the 4th, our advanced\\nguards discovered the enemy endea\u00c2\u00ac\\nvouring, a second time, to fix fire-fag-\\ngots on our barriers. A smart dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharge of musketry was immediately\\ndirected from these posts, and from the\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines; on which they retired.\\nAt daybreak we observed they had\\ncarried away vast quantities of vege\u00c2\u00ac\\ntables from the gardens, and trampled\\nothers under foot: but little, if any, ad\u00c2\u00ac\\ndition was made to the epaulment. A\\nparley came in on the 5th; and soon\\nafter, the Fortune sloop received up\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards of 40 British prisoners, many of\\nwhom had been taken going from the\\ngarrison. In the evening of the 6th,\\nthe Spanish general came to the lines,\\nat the head of the relieving guards.\\nSoon after he arrived, the guns were\\nagain elevated, and every preparation\\nmade, as if they had resolved to open\\non the garrison. The 8th, the town-\\nmajor, Captain Burke, went out with\\na parley, intending to proceed to the\\ntower, the place appointed by custom\\nfor the officers to give and receive\\ncommunications. When he got abreast\\nof the new work, the sentries by mo\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions informed him he must not ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvance. He pointed to the tower; but\\nthey continued inflexible on his turn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning round however to return, one of\\nthem came up with his arms, and pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded with him to the tower, whilst\\nanother ran to acquaint the officer in\\nthe lines. The messenger after some\\ntime came back, and both remained ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nparently as a guard over Major Burke,\\ntill the officer arrived; when, deliver\u00c2\u00ac\\ning his packet, the major returned to\\nthe garrison.\\nThe enemy did not appear very\\nanxious to complete the epaulment;\\ntheir parties were employed in raising\\nand finishing the merlons of the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries in the lines, raising the merlons\\nof Fort St. Philip with fascines, and\\nerecting a new battery near the guard\u00c2\u00ac\\nhouse on the beach. The 11th, a small\\nsettee arrived from Minorca: the\\npatron informing us that two others\\nwere standing for the rock, the navy-\\nmanned their boats to assist them, in\\ncase the enemy opposed their entrance;\\nbut on getting round Europa Point, no\\nsuch vessels appeared. A Dutch con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoy was however passing: the boats\\ntherefore boldly advanced, and boarded\\na dogger which had got, during the\\nfog, pretty near the rock. She was a\\nDane from Malaga, laden with lemons\\nand oranges, which the governor im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately purchased, and distributed\\nto the garrison.\\nFew articles ever arrived more sea\u00c2\u00ac\\nsonably than this cargo of fruit. The", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "56\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\nscurvy had made dreadful ravages in\\nour hospitals, and more were daily con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfined: many, however, unwilling to\\nyield to the first attacks, persevered in\\ntheir duty to its more advanced stages.\\nIt was therefore not uncommon, at this\\nperiod, to see men, who some months\\nbefore were hale, and equal to any\\nfatigue, supporting themselves to their\\nposts upon crutches, and even with\\nthat assistance scarcely able to move\\nalong. The most fatal consequences,\\nin short, to the garrison, were to be ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprehended from this terrible disorder,\\nwhen this Dane was happily directed\\nto our relief. The lemons were im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately administered to the sick, who\\ndevoured them with the greatest avi\u00c2\u00ac\\ndity. The salutary effects were al\u00c2\u00ac\\nmost instantaneous in a few days,\\nmen who had been considered as irre\u00c2\u00ac\\ncoverable, left their beds to congratu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlate their comrades on the prospect of\\nonce more becoming useful to their\\ncountry.\\nMr. Cairncross of the 73rd regiment,\\na surgeon of great eminence, who was\\npresent at this time and the remaining\\npart of the siege, has favoured me with\\nthe following information relative to\\nthe scurvy, and the mode of using this\\nvegetable acid; which, with his per\u00c2\u00ac\\nmission, I insert for the benefit of those\\nwho may hereafter be under similar\\ncircumstances:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cThe scurvy which attacked the\\ngarrison of Gibraltar, differed in no\\nrespect from that disease usually con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntracted by sailors in long voyages and\\nof which the immediate cause seemed\\nto be the subsisting for a length of time\\nupon salted provisions only, without a\\nsufficient quantity of vegetables, or\\nother acescent foods. The circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstance related in the voyage of that\\ncelebrated circumnavigator, the late\\nLord Anson, of consolidated fractures\\ndisuniting, and the callosity of the bone\\nbeing perfectly dissolved, occurred fre\u00c2\u00ac\\nquently in our hospitals: and old sores\\nand wounds opened anew from the na\u00c2\u00ac\\nture of the disorder.\\nVarious antiscorbutics were used\\nwithout success, such as acid of vitriol,\\nsour crout, extract of malt, essence of\\nspruce, c., but the only specific was\\nfresh lemons and oranges, given libe\u00c2\u00ac\\nrally or when they could not be pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ncured, the preserved juice in such quan\u00c2\u00ac\\ntities, from one to four ounces per diem,\\nas the patient could bear. Whilst the\\nlemons were sound, from one to three\\nwere administered each day as circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstances directed. The juice given to\\nthose in the most malignant state, was\\nsometimes diluted with sugar, wine, or\\nspirits; but the convalescents took it\\nwithout dilution. Women and chil\u00c2\u00ac\\ndren were equally affected; nor were\\nthe officers exempted from this alarm\u00c2\u00ac\\ning distemper. It became almost gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nral at the commencement of the winter\\nseason, owing to the cold and mois\u00c2\u00ac\\nture and in the beginning of spring,\\nwhen vegetables were scarce.\\nThe juice was preserved by adding\\nto 60 gallons of expressed liquor about\\nfive or ten gallons of brandy, which\\nkept it in so wholesome a state, that se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral casks were opened in good condi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion at the close of the siege. The old\\njuice was not however so speedily effi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncacious as the fruit, though by perse\u00c2\u00ac\\nvering longer in its use, it seldom\\nfailed.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThe same day that the dogger was\\nbrought in, a parley came from Don\\nAlvarez, to inform the governor that\\nall intercourse or correspondence be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntwixt them, in future, was to be con\u00c2\u00ac\\nducted by flags of truce in the bay;\\nwhich regulation continued till the\\npeace was notified in 1783. The 14th,\\ntwo gun-boats, from the Orange-grove,\\nranged along the front of the garrison,\\nand drove in our fishing-boats and on\\nthe 16th they again ranged off the\\nMackerel bank, and forced our fisher\u00c2\u00ac\\nmen to retire. We did not much ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprove of this conduct, as the boats, by\\nthis means, were prevented from bring\u00c2\u00ac\\ning any fish to our market. The\\nenemy continued, however, this practice\\nat intervals for some time.\\nThe 21st, the gun-boats fired upon\\nthe Enterprise and town. Captain\\nLesley, not choosing to remain the\\nobject of their fire, withdrew the fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngate into the New mole; where the\\nnavy, under the direction of the en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngineers, had begun to lay a boom of\\nmasts from the New mole head to the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n57\\nwatering-tank. This boom, though it\\nwas considered a difficult operation on\\naccount of the swell of the sea, was\\nsoon completed.\\nIt was not till the night of the 21st,\\nthat the enemy threw sand in the front\\nof their epaulment, to cover it against\\nour fire-balls and carcasses; and on the\\n26th they lengthened it to the west\\nabout 30 yards, and strengthened it in\\nfront with sand. The night of the\\n28th they erected two large traverses in\\nthe rear for magazines. It now pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsented a very compact appearance;\\nwhence we concluded that it was in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended for a mortar battery.\\nThough it was generally imagined\\nin England that the garrison had been\\namply provided with every article and\\nnecessary of life, when Sir George\\nRodney arrived with the transports and\\nrelief from England, our wants, in\\nreality, were far from being supplied.\\nIn the articles of ammunition and salt\\nprovisions, the garrison had probably\\nas much as they required but of fresh\\nprovisions, wine, spirits, sugar, c., we\\nbegan to find a great scarcity; and the\\nprice of what remained was conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquently much enhanced. The assist\u00c2\u00ac\\nance we received formerly from Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbary had now been suspended for se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral months; the enemy seemed de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermined to prevent our deriving sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nport from the element that almost sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrounded us; and their cruisers were\\ntoo numerous and vigilant to allow us\\nto expect anything from the west.\\nThus situated, the garrison turned\\ntheir eyes on the island of Minorca,\\nwhence we had already received some\\nvery acceptable supplies, and whose\\nsituation, from the great scope of sea\\nroom, afforded a flattering probability\\nof the boats being oftener able to es\u00c2\u00ac\\ncape the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers. The pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nductions of that island are various\\nand those articles which it did not\\nafford, could be purchased from the\\nprizes that were daily carried thither\\nby the privateers. Several garrison\\nboats were therefore sent to Minorca,\\nsome of which returned, in the course\\nof October, laden with the wine of that\\nisland, sugar (an article become ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nceedingly scarce), and cheese; with\\nsometimes a few live-stock. These\\narticles were all sold by auction, ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncording to a regulation established by\\nthe governor; and, though they seldom\\nwere purchased by the lower ranks,\\nyet afforded upon the whole a partial\\nrelief to the garrison.\\nThe 30th, we observed that the\\nenemy had posted an officer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s guard in\\nthe Mill battery, which was the name\\nwe gave to the new work. Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion was therefore opened on it in\\nthe evening, and, by forming a cross\u00c2\u00ac\\nfire with the batteries on the heights,\\nconsiderably annoyed them, and much\\nretarded their operations. The same\\nnight two soldiers of the 56th and 72nd\\ndeserted from Upper All\u00e2\u0080\u0099s-well, in file\\nlines: they were sentries at the same\\npost, and got down by means of a rope;\\nbut previous to their descent, had the\\nprecaution to wet the priming of their\\nfirelocks. We also lost another man by\\ndesertion in the course of the month.\\nThe governor, in the beginning of\\nNovember, made an arrangement of\\nthe troops, that in case the enemy bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarded the garrison, each regiment\\nmight know the quarters and stations\\nwhich they were to take up. The 1st\\nof the month was rather unpropitious\\nto us: an English snow was taken to\\nthe east of the rock: at night a soldier\\nof the 56th regiment deserted during a\\nheavy shower of rain; and the follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning evening two others, of the 12th and\\n56th, attempted to get off by swimming\\nround the Old mole head; but a few\\ndays afterwards the body of the former\\nwas washed ashore near the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion; we therefore concluded his\\ncomrade had shared the same fate. In\\nthe evening of the 7th a smart cannon\u00c2\u00ac\\nade was heard in the Straits: after it\\nhad continued for some time a sudden\\nflash appeared, and a report was heard,\\nlike the blowing-up of powder. The\\nnext morning we observed that the\\nenemy had captured an English vessel,\\nand were at that time towing in a gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboat, which accounted for the firing\\nand explosion.\\nOur fire, about the. 7th and 8th, be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncame more animated; yet the enemy\\nalmost every night made some interior\\nadditions. We had observed for several", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "53\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\npreceding mornings deep ruts in the\\nsand, leading from the principal barrier\\nto the Mill battery; which led us to\\nimagine that they brought at night\\nheavy timber and other materials from\\ntheir depots in the lines. The artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery were therefore ordered to direct a\\nricochetting fire of small shells along\\nthis track. In the evening of the 10th\\na large party, followed by a number of\\ncarts and mules, laden with different\\nmaterials, advanced along the beach\\nfrom the sally-port of the ditch of Fort\\nSt. Philip to the Mill battery. They\\nwere perceived by the artillery at\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s before they had proceeded half\u00c2\u00ac\\nway; and a brisk fire was directed\\ntowards their route, which threw the\\nmules into confusion, and obliged some\\nto return, after having left their bur\u00c2\u00ac\\nthens on the beach. The batteries being\\nreinforced, the firing was continued\\nwith great vivacity the whole night.\\nThe subsequent evening our artillery\\nwere prepared, and immediately on the\\nparty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s appearing, saluted them with a\\nwarm discharge of shot and shells,\\nwhich seemed to have greater effect\\nthan the fire of the preceding evening.\\nThis circumstance convinced us of the\\neffect of the ricochetting fire from the\\nlower batteries, along the track from\\nthe barrier: but the enemy were not so\\nsoon driven from the new track as from\\nthe former; and continued, notwith\u00c2\u00ac\\nstanding our fire (which must have\\nkilled and wounded many of them), to\\nbring materials in this exposed manner\\ntill a line of communication was finished\\nfrom the lines.\\nAn English armed polacre, called\\nthe Young Sabine, arrived on the 12th,\\nafter a spirited engagement in the bay\\nwith several armed vessels and three\\ngun-boats. The enemy attempted to\\nboard her, but were as often repulsed\\nby musketry: at length she beat them\\noff, and anchored under our guns. Her\\ncargo was cheese, hams, and potatoes;\\nthe latter of which sold at forty-three\\ndollars per cwt., which, according to\\nforty-two pence per dollar (the ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nchange at that time), are equal to\\n7 l. lt)s. 6d. sterling. Other articles sold\\nin proportion. In the afternoon a\\nMinorquin settee arrived with the usual\\ncargo; a Spanish gun-boat boarded her\\non her passage; but the patron show\u00c2\u00ac\\ning papers from Majorca to the camp,\\nthe Spaniard took no further notice\\nthan keeping her company as a convoy.\\nThe Minorquin afterwards seized a\\nconvenient opportunity, and slipped in.\\nIn the course of the 14th a Minor\u00c2\u00ac\\nquin tartan, bound for the garrison, was\\ntaken by the enemy; the crew however\\nquitted her, and got ashore. The enemy\\nthe same day mounted twelve guns en\\nbarhet, in the battery near the guard\u00c2\u00ac\\nhouse, in the vicinity of Fort St. Philip,\\nwhich we had supposed was intended\\nfor mortars; and about a week after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards they erected merlons to this\\nwork, admitting the embrasures to open\\nupon the garrison. This was called by\\nthe garrison the Black battery; and\\nthough the most distant work erected\\nagainst Gibraltar, was found in the\\nsubsequent bombardment and siege to\\nbe one of the most annoying to the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, as its line of fire enfiladed the\\nTown Line wall and main street, which\\nwere during the siege the principal\\ncommunications with the northern part\\nof the fortress.\\nTwo nights following, the gun-boats,\\nwhich were now increased in number,\\nfired upon the town and shipping.\\nThree, that directed their fire on the\\nformer, were stationed off the Old mole\\nhead, and threw several shots into the\\ntown. Several men were wounded in\\nthe Enterprise frigate.\\nThe night of the 17th the enemy\\nthrew up two places d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes for mus\u00c2\u00ac\\nketry on the flanks of the Mill bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery the parapets formed semicircles\\njoining the battery, but afterwards ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended in an oblique direction towards\\nthe lines. These additions appeared\\nvery slight, being only a row of casks\\nor gabions, strengthened with half\u00c2\u00ac\\nchandeliers, and sand in front; covered\\non the top with sand-bags. The 18th\\nwe were visited again by the gun-boats;\\nin returning their cannonade one of the\\nthirty-two pounders ou the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion burst, killed an artilleryman on\\nthe spot, and wounded three others.\\nThe man who fired the gun escaped,\\nbut was a little scorched with the\\npowder.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "1780.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n59\\nA great number of mules were\\nemployed on the 22nd, bringing for\u00c2\u00ac\\nward casks, chandeliers, and other ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nterials, from the camp. The night of\\nthe 23rd the enemy began an approach\\nfrom the lines to the Mill battery: it\\nconsisted of fascines, with sand banked\\nup in front, and commenced near the\\nwest angle of the western fourteen-gun\\nbattery, extending about 120 feet to\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards the advanced guard-house in\\nfront of Fort St. Philip; the following\\nnight, notwithstanding our fire, they\\nlengthened it about 100 feet, with chan\u00c2\u00ac\\ndeliers placed in a trench and filled\\nwith fascines. The enemy endea\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoured to draw our attention from this\\nquarter by another salute from the\\ngun-boats, but in vain. As it was not\\nimprobable that the gun-boats were\\ndirected in their firing by the lights\\nin the houses along the line-wall,\\nand those looking towards the bay\\norders were issued \u00e2\u0080\u009cthat no lights\\nin future should appear in any house,\\nbarrack, or guard-house, towards the\\nbay, after seven o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock in the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nWe had hitherto derived occasional\\nassistance from the gardens on the neu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntral ground, though vast quantities of\\nvegetables had been removed from\\nthence by the enemy. On the 25th,\\nhowever, they determined to expel our\\npeople altogether from the gardens;\\nwhich in the course of a few days they\\naccomplished, notwithstanding the\\nmarksmen under Lieutenant Burleigh\\nwere stationed at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and in the\\nlines, in order to prevent them.\\nFrom this period, our resources in\\nrespect to vegetables depended entirely\\nupon our own attention to cultivation;\\nwhich, happily for the garrison, was\\ncrowned with tolerable success, espe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncially during the winter months, at\\nwhich time the produce was increased\\nto be almost equal to the consumption.\\nThe supplies from the gardens had in\u00c2\u00ac\\ndeed begun to fail for some time be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore, and we soon had little reason to\\nregret their loss. We had, besides,\\nthe additional satisfaction of reflecting\\nthat the enemy were now cut off from\\na channel through which it was not\\nimprobable they had been informed of\\nevery occurrence which happened in\\nthe garrison.\\nThe 26th, a Frenchman, one of the\\ncrew of the Young Sabine, deserted in\\na boat to the enemy. The night of the\\n27th, the Danish dogger, which brought\\nus the cargo of lemons, sailed, and the\\nnext morning we observed her at an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchor off Algeziras. By the 29th, the\\nenemy had finished the second branch\\nof the line of approach, and begun the\\nreturn for the third towards the west\u00c2\u00ac\\nern beach. Our fire, as they advanced,\\nbecame more spirited than ever, and\\nmust have been severely felt by the\\nenemy in this exposed duty. The 30th\\nwas only distinguished by the arrival\\nof a polacre from Algiers with soap,\\noil, wine, and candles\u00e2\u0080\u0094a very valuable\\ncargo.\\nDecember was introduced with bad\\nweather. The 1st, arrived the Angli-\\ncana privateer from Smyrna, and, two\\nnights after, she continued her voyage\\ntowards England. Lieutenant Gage,\\nof the Enterprise, went home passenger\\nwith dispatches. The 2nd was parti\u00c2\u00ac\\ncularly stormy, with thunder and\\nlightning, which happily did not con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinue long, or the works of the garrison\\nmight have materially suffered. The\\nrain poured down with such violence\\nfrom the heights, forcing with it vast\\nquantities of rubbish, stones, and loose\\nearth, that the streets leading from the\\nhill were instantly choked up, and\\nconsiderable damage was done to the\\nbuildings. The enemy, notwithstand\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the storm, completed their third\\nbranch, and raised the return towards\\nthe east. Though the storm did not\\nretard their finishing what they had\\nbegun in the evening, yet the chande\u00c2\u00ac\\nliers were very much sunk in many\\nplaces, which employed their parties\\nfive or six of the following evenings to\\nrepair. They also made some alter\u00c2\u00ac\\nations in the direction of the second\\nbranch, and repaired the batteries in the\\nlines. A brig arrived from Leghorn\\non the ICth, also three settees from\\nMinorca.\\nFrom the 10th, the enemy added\\nevery night so considerably to the\\nfourth branch of the approach, that on\\nthe 14th at night they joined the ex-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "60\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\ntremity of the eastern place d armes;\\nand two nights following, began a fifth\\nbranch, which on the 19th was ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended to the east flank of the Mill\\nbattery. Their operations had not\\nbeen wholly confined to completing\\nthis line of communication; a mortar\\nbattery for the sea was erected to the\\nnorth of Fort St. Barbara, and large\\nand small traverses were raised within\\nboth forts to protect their men from our\\nupper batteries.\\nAbout noon on the 17th, a cannon\u00c2\u00ac\\nade was heard towards the west. A\\ncloud of smoke was observed near\\nTangier, and we afterwards learned\\nthat the Moors were firing a salute on\\naccount of the arrival of their emperor.\\nThree hundred and ninety rounds were\\nnumbered, and it was repeated the next\\nday. The reader will probably recol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlect that the garrison of Tangier is to\\nus an object of some curiosity, as hav\u00c2\u00ac\\ning formerly been in the possession of\\nthe English. It was ceded by the Por\u00c2\u00ac\\ntuguese (who had been masters of it\\nfor some time) to King Charles II. as\\npart of the dowry of the Princess Ca\u00c2\u00ac\\ntharine of Portugal, and remained un\u00c2\u00ac\\nder the English dominion till 1684,\\nwhen, the nation refusing to pay the\\nheavy expense attending its mainte\u00c2\u00ac\\nnance against the repeated attacks of the\\nMoors, the fortifications were blown\\nup and the garrison ordered to aban\u00c2\u00ac\\ndon the town. The Moors, after the\\nplace was deserted, returned, and\\nit has ever since continued in their\\npossession. When the English were\\nmasters of Tangier, the works on the\\nland side were considered as almost\\nimpregnable and, for the accommoda\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of shipping, a mole of consider\u00c2\u00ac\\nable extent was advanced into the sea.\\nThe present town is built at the bot\u00c2\u00ac\\ntom of a bay, on the side of a hill over\u00c2\u00ac\\nlooking the sea. The Moors have, in\\nsome measure, repaired the moles, and\\nendeavoured to restore the city to its\\nformer importance; but their efforts go\\nslowly on towards accomplishing that\\nwork. Tangier was the residence of a\\nBritish consul, and, in conjunction with\\nTetuan, in times of peace, supplies\\nGibraltar, Cadiz, Lisbon, and other\\nports on the coasts of Spain and Portu\u00c2\u00ac\\ngal with fowls, beef, mutton, and fruit.\\nIt was about this time the scene of\\nsome interesting transactions which\\nwill shortly be related.\\nThe enemy, on the 20th, began to\\nerect small traverses in the rear of\\ntheir approach. On the 21st, the\\nSpeedwell cutter, Lieutenant Gibson,\\narrived with government dispatches,\\nafter a warm engagement with the\\nenemy off Ceuta, in which the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards attempted to board the cutter,\\nbut were repulsed. Lieutenant Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nson was dangerously wounded in the\\naction, which was the only casualty on\\nboard. The 23rd, arrived a privateer\\nbrig, called the Hannah, Captain Ven\u00c2\u00ac\\nture, last from Lisbon. She brought\\nsome excellent supplies; and the day\\nfollowing, two other vessels from Li\u00c2\u00ac\\nverpool got in with variety of provi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions. The cargoes of these ships\\nwere sold by auction for 300 per cent\\nprofit.\\nIt was about this period, some let\u00c2\u00ac\\nters of a curious tenor were discovered\\nin the possession of the deserter who\\ncame in on the 29th of September, in\\nthe dress of a peasant, and said he was\\na serjeant. They were directed to\\nColonel Nugent, of the Hibernian\\ncorps, in the Spanish service and the\\npurport of them was\u00e2\u0080\u0094\u00e2\u0080\u009c that Europa\\nwas the most eligible place to attack\\nthe garrison; acknowledging having\\nreceived several sums of money, and\\nconcluding with expressing his fears\\nlest he should be discovered; therefore\\ndesired the colonel would concert some\\nmeasures for his escape.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The man\\nwas immediately ordered into close\\nconfinement, and remained a prisoner\\nfor some time, till, an opportunity offer\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, he was sent away from the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson. We were afterwards informed\\nby other deserters that he was sent in\\nas a spy, and liberally rewarded for\\nthis hazardous service.\\nThe enemy, having completed their\\napproach to the Mill battery, were\\nemployed in dressing the communica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion and raising fascine traverses in\\nthe rear for their greater protection.\\nThe 26th and following nights, their\\ncarpenters braced with head-rails the\\nchandeliers, which, owing to the late", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n61\\nrains, had given way in several places.\\nThey were so very noisy in this duty\\nas to induce a brisk fire from our bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries. The 30th, a settee, going from\\nAlgeziras to the eastward, was becalmed\\noff Europa, and was boarded and\\nbrought in by our boats. Many pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvate letters were found on board, which\\nmentioned the considerable loss the\\nenemy had sustained from our fire.\\nThere were also a quantity of clothes,\\nand some money. The next day a\\nsettee got in from Minorca.\\nOur carpenters, in the beginning of\\nJanuary, were very busy in erecting\\nstages and temporary cranes in Camp\\nand Rosia bays, and upon the Line\\nwall, above the Navy yard; which led\\nus to imagine that the governor had\\nreceived intelligence by the Speedwell,\\nthat a convoy might soon be expected.\\nThe reason for erecting these machines\\nso far to the south, and at such a dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntance from the garrison store-houses,\\nwas the apprehension of being annoyed\\nin disembarking the provisions at Rag\u00c2\u00ac\\nged Staff, c., from the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced battery, which was now finished,\\nand reported to mount eight 13-inch\\nmortars. These precautions will ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npear to be very prudent and essential,\\nwhen the reader, on a farther perusal,\\nis informed of the range and effect of\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire. Some alterations\\nwere also made in the works at the\\nNew mole.\\nThe 11th, a Spanish flag of truce,\\nwith two Moorish galleys, came over\\nfrom the Orange-grove, having on\\nboard Consul Logie, his lady, and all\\nthe British subjects who had been resi\u00c2\u00ac\\ndent in Barbary. We had long com\u00c2\u00ac\\nplained of a neglect in that quarter,\\nbut were now convinced, to our sorrow,\\nthat such accusations were premature\\nand ungenerous. The mercenary and\\navaricious disposition of the emperor\\nhad been bribed by the Spanish minis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntry with a present of 100,000 cobs\\n(about 7500/. sterling), and a promise\\nof the same sum annually, with the re\u00c2\u00ac\\ndemption of 100 African prisoners, on\\ncondition that he should deliver up, for\\na certain period, the ports of Tangier\\nand Tetuan, and banish from his do\u00c2\u00ac\\nminions the consul and subjects of\\nGreat Britain. Besides the present of\\nmoney, and the redemption of 100 pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nsoners, the emperor had permission to\\nimport from Spain grain, which was\\nso remarkably scarce in Barbary, that\\na famine was apprehended. Without\\nthis circumstance to urge as a palliative\\nfor entering into a treaty with this\\navowed and natural enemy, the emperor\\nwould, probably, have found it a diffi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncult task to persuade his subjects to de\u00c2\u00ac\\nsert their old allies.\\nAs this defection of the Moorish mo\u00c2\u00ac\\nnarch was of much importance to the\\ngarrison, and was in itself an object\\nnot undeserving political remark, I\\nshall subjoin a short relation of some\\ntransactions previous to this event; with\\nan account of the injurious treatment\\nwhich Mr. Logie and the British sub\u00c2\u00ac\\njects experienced before they quitted\\nthat country.\\nI had formerly occasion to mention,\\nthat in the early part of 1779, overtures\\nwere made by the Spaniards to the\\nMoors, to farm the ports of Tangier,\\nTetuan, and Larache. Of this General\\nEliott received immediate information,\\nby a confidential message from the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nperor of Morocco. It did not appear\\nthat the emperor, in this instance, was\\nactuated by any other impulse than\\nfriendship. But since, by refusing to\\naccede to their offers, he might subject\\nhis coasts to be insulted, it would of\\nconsequence be prudent to arm his\\ncruisers, in order to enable him to act\\non the defensive: he therefore re\u00c2\u00ac\\nquested that the English would supply\\nhim with naval stores for three new\\nvessels which he had lately built, the\\nvalue of which, on calculation, did not\\namount to fifteen hundred pounds.\\nSuch apparent disinterestedness, and\\nso modest a demand, had a proper ef\u00c2\u00ac\\nfect with the governor, who, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsidering the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s alliance of the\\nfirst consequence to the welfare of\\nthe garrison, recommended to go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernment to double the quantity of\\nstores, that they might secure his\\nfriendship. Ministers at home, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, did not consider his alliance in\\nthe same light with the governor and\\nconsul, as Sir George Rodney arrived\\nthe January following without stores,", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "62\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\nor as much as an answer: and the\\nSpaniards (having then declared war)\\nincreasing in their proposals, the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nperor, after repeated applications to Mr.\\nLogie, to know when he might expect\\nthe supplies he had given him to un\u00c2\u00ac\\nderstand were coming from England,\\nat length, by degrees, permitted the\\nSpaniards to capture all British vessels\\nunder the protection of his guns. The\\nconsul remonstrated against such pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceedings, but in vain: the answer ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nnerally received was, that the Spaniards\\nhad the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s leave; and if they\\nchose to take him from his own house,\\nthe emperor would not oppose them.\\nThese indignities Mr. Logie was ne\u00c2\u00ac\\ncessitated to overlook. He found the\\nSpanish influence daily gaining ground:\\nhe had therefore no alternative, but\\ntacitly to submit to the evils of his situ\u00c2\u00ac\\nation. He contrived, nevertheless, to ac\u00c2\u00ac\\nquaint General Eliott with this change\\nin their affairs.\\nThough there appeared little pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nspect of doing further service to the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison of Gibraltar by remaining in Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbary, Mr. Logie still continued to re\u00c2\u00ac\\nside at Tangier. The natives were\\npartial to the English, and personally\\nattached to him; and these circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstances he imagined might probably be\\nimproved to some advantage.\\nThus matters pi\u00e2\u0080\u0099oceeded till the be\u00c2\u00ac\\nginning of October, 1780, when a\\nparty of the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s black troops,\\nwhich were quartered in the neigh\u00c2\u00ac\\nbourhood of Tangier, came to Mr.\\nLogie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s house, and, being introduced,\\ninformed him they had orders from\\ntheir master to abuse and insult him in\\nthe grossest manner; which they im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately put in execution, by spitting\\nin his face, seizing him by the collar,\\nand threatening to stab him with their\\ndaggers.\\nTwo days after this transaction, Mr.\\nLogie was ordered to attend the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nperor near Sallee. The 13th, he began\\nhis journey, guarded by one of the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s chamberlains, and a party of\\nhorse. They arrived at the camp on\\nthe 20th; and the same evening Mr.\\nLogie was ordered into the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\npresence. After various questions re\u00c2\u00ac\\nlative to Gibraltar, to which such an\u00c2\u00ac\\nswers were given as were least likely\\nto please, the emperor addressed him\u00c2\u00ac\\nself to his troops, and a great mob that\\nwere assembled on the occasion, saying,\\nthe English were an avaricious,\\nproud, and headstrong people; they al\u00c2\u00ac\\nways attacked the head: but when\\npeople came to beg, they ought to crawl\\nup by the feet. He had however de\u00c2\u00ac\\nprived them of every benefit they for\u00c2\u00ac\\nmerly derived from his countrycon\u00c2\u00ac\\ncluding with ordering the consul to be\\ntaken to Sallee. Mr. Logie objected to\\nthis mandate, informing the emperor\\nhe was ready to attend his camp; but\\nthat his sovereign\u00e2\u0080\u0099s service did not per\u00c2\u00ac\\nmit his trifling away his time in visit\u00c2\u00ac\\ning towns.\\nThe emperor, after this interview,\\nseemed to relax in his severity to the\\nconsul; allowing him to return to\\nTangier, and consoling him with the\\npromise that the British subjects should\\nnot be molested by the Spaniards. The\\n26th of October, Mr. Logie arrived at\\nTangier, and found the emperor had\\nnot deceived him.\\nAffairs remained quiet till the 26th\\nof November, when an order came to\\nfit up all the British boats, at the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s expense, as he was determined\\nto send the English away satisfied. The\\nconsul however anticipated his inten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion, by getting them completed him\u00c2\u00ac\\nself by the succeeding evening. The\\nnight of the 28th, the Spaniards, in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed of the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s resolution, sent\\na party on shore to burn the boats.\\nThey were discovered by the guards,\\nand confined; but in consideration of a\\nsum of money, they were the next day\\nliberated. Two days following, the\\nconsuls attended to hear the emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\norders, which were brought by two of\\nhis secretaries: they expressed, that\\nthe emperor had sold the port of Tan\u00c2\u00ac\\ngier to the king of Spain; in conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquence of which, every Christian, ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ncept of that nation, was to quit the\\ntown and bay; awarding slavery as\\nthe punishment of those who remained\\nafter the 1st of January, 1781.\\nMr. Logie was no sooner acquainted\\nwith this order, than he departed for\\nthe emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, then near Tetuan,\\nin order to represent the impossibility", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n63\\nof removing their property on so short\\na notice. He arrived on the 2nd of\\nDecember, but could not procure an\\naudience. The 4th, he had intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence from Tangier, that a second\\norder had compelled the British sub\u00c2\u00ac\\njects instantly to remove to Marteen.\\nMr. Logie made several attempts to\\nhave this cruel order reversed, but in\\nvain. He at length procured a friend\\nto mention this delicate point to the\\nemperor, who apparently relented, say\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the English should have permis\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion to remain twenty days to collect\\ntheir effects; and so far flattered them,\\nas to make them believe they were not\\nto be removed till the British fleet ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived, if it might be expected soon.\\nMr. Logie was however afterwards con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvinced, that the emperor at this time\\nwas informed his orders had been exe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuted, as the British subjects, amount\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to 109, arrived at Marteen, a few\\nmiles from Tetuan, the subsequent\\nevening; having been forced to aban\u00c2\u00ac\\ndon their vessels, houses, and all their\\nproperty; and compelled to submit to\\nthe greatest imposition, for the use of\\ncamels and mules, to remove their bed\u00c2\u00ac\\nding and wearing-apparel. The value\\nof the effects left behind, Mr. Logie\\ncomputed to amount to upwards of\\nsixty thousand pounds.\\nThe heavy expense attending their\\nremoval from Tangier, with their stay at\\nMarteen, to their arrival at Gibraltar,\\nMr. Logie was obliged to disburse; the\\nemperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s order on the 26th of No\u00c2\u00ac\\nvember having so much imposed upon\\nthem, that they had laid out what\\nmoney they were possessed of, in pur\u00c2\u00ac\\nchasing such articles as they judged\\nwould be useful at Gibraltar, imagin\u00c2\u00ac\\ning they were to be conducted imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately to that garrison.\\nThe emperor removed on the 17th of\\nDecember to Tangier; whence he\\nusually sent, once or twice every week,\\nsome insulting message to the consul,\\ncharging the English with having\\ncheated his ambassador, and being in\u00c2\u00ac\\ndebted to him several thousand cobs\\nfor maintaining the garrison of Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar; with others equally false and\\nabusive.\\nMr. Logie, on the 26th of December\\nwas informed that the emperor had\\ngiven up all the British subjects as pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nsoners to the Spaniards, and that the\\nsucceeding day they were to be re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved to Algeziras. Being assured of\\nthe truth of this intelligence by one of\\nthe emperor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s servants, he burnt all his\\npublic papers, to prevent their falling\\ninto the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s hands. The 28th, the\\nconsul embarked with Mrs. Logie (who\\nhad attended him through all these\\ntroubles), and about twenty more, on\\nboard a schooner, without being allowed\\ntime to take in any refreshment for\\ntheir voyage. Others, under similar\\ncircumstances, were put on board other\\nvessels. They were guarded by two\\nSpanish cruisers, and for the first night\\nput into Ceuta bay the next morning\\nthey proceeded across the Straits, and\\nabout noon anchored off the Orange-\\ngrove, but soon after were ordered by\\nAdmiral Barcelo to moor at the en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrance of the river Palmones. Here\\nthe consul was detained till the 11th of\\nJanuary following, by which time an\\nanswer arrived from Madrid concern\u00c2\u00ac\\ning their future destination.\\nDuring this period, no offer was\\nmade to supply them with provisions\\nor necessaries, though the Moors were\\npermitted to purchase whatever they\\nwanted. Mr. Logie therefore applied\\nto the French Charge d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Affaires at\\nAlgeziras, who very generously dis\u00c2\u00ac\\npatched such articles as he judged\\nwould be most acceptable. The 11th,\\nthey were conducted to Gibraltar.\\nThe removal, or rather expulsion, of\\nthe British subjects from Barbary, was\\nattended with other unfortunate conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquences besides depriving us of provi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions our connexion with Portugal\\nbecame afterwards more precarious;\\nand the governor was cut off from a\\nsource of information, by which he was\\nacquainted with the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s operations\\nboth in camp and at Cadiz. Mr. Logie\\nhad always contrived to procure pretty\\ncertain intelligence of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s mo\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions, by those Moors who were in his\\ninterest; for, the Spaniards allowing\\nthem to bring various articles to the\\narmy before Gibraltar, and the fleet at\\nCadiz, and Mr. Logie lending them\\nmoney to carry on this advantageous", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "64\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. iy.\\ntrade, they faithfully communicated to\\nhim whatever came to their know\u00c2\u00ac\\nledge. The last information Mr. Logie\\nhimself was the bearer of to the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor, which was, that the enemy had\\na great number of fire-ships in the\\nrivers, ready for immediate use.\\nThe 16 th of January, a brig came\\nin from Madeira, in four days, with 70\\nbutts of wine. The master had left\\nLondon with a cargo to exchange at\\nMadeira; but a violent gale of wind\\nhad driven him to sea with his cargo\\nincomplete, and half his crew ashore.\\nThe same day, the Moorish vessels\\nwhich brought over Consul Logie re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned to Algeziras. Two days follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the Tartar privateer arrived with\\nvarious articles from England: she\\nbrought his majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s manifesto for com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmencing hostilities against the Dutch.\\nOn the 19th, some experiments were\\nmade at Algeziras, from two new\\nSpanish boats, with mortars on board.\\nWe had some time before learned that\\nthey were preparing such vessels, and\\nthat they intended soon to try them\\nagainst the garrison. Their construc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion was upon a plan similar to that of\\nthe gun-boats: the mortars were fixed\\nin a solid bed of timber, in the centre\\nof the boat; and the only apparent dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinction was, that they had long prows,\\nand braced their yards more athwart\\nthe boat when they fired.\\nThe 21st, the serjeant commanding\\none of our out-guards deserted to the\\nenemy: he went towards the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nTower, and once stopped, as if unde\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermined to proceed or not. He be\u00c2\u00ac\\nlonged to the 56th regiment, and left a\\nwife and family behind: he had always\\nbeen esteemed of good character, and\\nwas much confided in by his officers.\\nSome pecuniary matters were supposed\\nto be the reason of his deserting. This\\nwas the fourth man which we had lost\\nin this way within the course of a\\nmonth. The 28th, a ship arrived from\\nLeghorn with various articles. In her\\npassage she picked up at sea the long\u00c2\u00ac\\nboat of the Brilliant frigate, Captain\\nCurtis, which we had been anxiously\\nexpecting for some time with dis\u00c2\u00ac\\npatches from England. On the 25th\\nand 27th, three of Hardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngade had deserted; and this day a rope\\nwas found near the signal-house, by\\nwhich we imagined the last two of\\nthem had escaped. The 29th and\\n30th, two or three settees arrived, from\\naloft, with the produce of Minorca.\\nBy them we were informed that the\\nBrilliant was got safe into Mahon, hav\u00c2\u00ac\\ning been chased through the straits\\nby the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers in the night.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s working parties had\\nfor several weeks been less numerous\\ntheir occupation was principally con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfined to repairing the damages done\\nby the weather; securing themselves\\nagainst the effects of our firing, by\\nsplinter-proofs and traverses; and col\u00c2\u00ac\\nlecting depots of different materials, in\\nvarious parts of their lines. Their ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced patroles frequently approached\\nvery near our out-posts, but seldom\\nwaited a second discharge from the\\nsentries. On our side, the engineers\\nwere indefatigable in putting every\u00c2\u00ac\\nthing in the best state of defence. The\\nenemy, it must be confessed, dealt\\nopenly in warning us, so long before\u00c2\u00ac\\nhand, of their intentions; and the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor was exceedingly active and\\ndiligent in preparing against whatever\\ncircumstances might occur.\\nThe 1st of February we found, be\u00c2\u00ac\\nhind the rock, the bodies of two de\u00c2\u00ac\\nserters, who, in attempting to escape\\nfrom the garrison, had been dashed to\\npieces. One of them was a man o* the\\n56th, who was missing the day preced\u00c2\u00ac\\ning; the other a serjeant of the 73rd,\\nwho had deserted some months before.\\nThe 3rd, we observed the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nartillery examining the ordnance in\\ntheir lines. The morning of the 8th,\\na deserter from a Catalonian regiment\\ncame in, and reported that the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy posted every night a chain of sen\u00c2\u00ac\\ntries along the skirts of the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nmeadow, which were constantly vi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsited by patroles of cavalry, to keep\\nthem alert; and that a captain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s guard,\\nbesides artillery, mounted in the St.\\nCarlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, as they called the ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced work. He said the camp was\\nwell supplied with provisions, c., but\\nthat the men were sickly, and numbers\\nof them deserted.\\nIt was about this period that the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n65\\nofficers in Gibraltar presented a memo\u00c2\u00ac\\nrial, through the commanding officers\\nof the different regiments, to the gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor, requesting his Excellency, as he\\nmust be convinced of the truth of the\\ncontents, to support it with his approba\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion and interest.\\nThe memorial stated, That the\\nofficers of his Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s several regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments of foot, serving under his Excel\u00c2\u00ac\\nlency\u00e2\u0080\u0099s command, had been necessarily\\nexposed to a great variety of inconve\u00c2\u00ac\\nniences since the commencement of the\\nblockade, independent of the additional\\nduties which they had been required to\\ndischarge: that in particular their pay,\\nwhich constituted their chief, if not\\ntheir sole support, had, at different\\ntimes, suffered a great diminution by\\nthe exorbitant rate of exchange;\\nwhich they stated to have fluctuated,\\nduring a certain period, between 40\\nand 42 pence per dollar, Gibraltar cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrency that every article of clothing,\\nand still more, those essential to life\\nand health, were so advanced in price,\\nthat, with the strictest economy, their\\npay was totally inadequate to the ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npenses absolutely indispensable in their\\npresent situation a situation which,\\nthey apprehended,precluded them, in a\\ngreat measure, from participating with\\nthe officers at home in the extensive\\npromotions which had of late taken\\nplace in the army. They therefore\\nappealed to the paternal feelings, the\\njustice, and the humanity of his Excel\u00c2\u00ac\\nlency trusting that through his recom\u00c2\u00ac\\nmendation and intercession, such assist\u00c2\u00ac\\nance and protection might be granted\\nthem, as their situation and services\\ndeserved: concluding with a request,\\nthat his Excellency would be pleased\\nto lay their prayer, with all humility\\non their part, at his Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s feet.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThis memorial was seconded by an\u00c2\u00ac\\nother of a similar import; but no offi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncial answer was received to either.\\nIt must be confessed, that under\\nthese circumstances, the situation of\\nthe officers was by no means flattering.\\nWhatever obstacles might be in the way\\nof their promotion, they could not help\\nfeeling the peculiar hardship of their\\nsituation nor was the inactive and te\u00c2\u00ac\\ndious service of a blockaded garrison\\nat all calculated to divert their minds,\\nor to soothe them into an acquiescence\\nwith their fortune. They reflected,\\nwith no very agreeable sensations, upon\\nthe preferment which had been libe\u00c2\u00ac\\nrally bestowed upon young officers in\\nEngland; while many subalterns in\\nGibraltar had ten or twelve years, or\\nupwards, of strict duty and services to\\nplead. Nay, the situation of some of\\nthem was peculiarly discouraging: for\\ntheir friends had repeatedly offered to\\nraise companies to secure their rank;\\nbut of such consequence was the safety\\nof Gibraltar esteemed by the ministry,\\nthat orders were sent to forbid any\\nofficers leaving the garrison, unless re\u00c2\u00ac\\nplaced by others from England. It is\\nbut justice to them, however, to observe,\\nthat they in general submitted to the\\nevils of their situation without murmur\\nor repining; and that, preferring their\\ncountry\u00e2\u0080\u0099s good to every partial consi\u00c2\u00ac\\nderation, they never publicly testified\\ntheir discontent, except in the two re\u00c2\u00ac\\nspectful memorials which they pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsented to their governor.\\nA privateer, on the 9th of February,\\narrived from Mahon she ran through\\nten cruisers, besides six gun-boats, and\\nwas chased by a xebeque, but escaped\\nthem all. The 17th, she continued her\\ncourse for England. Mr. Logie, who\\ncarried home dispatches was a pas\u00c2\u00ac\\nsenger, with several others. The 19th\\nand 20th, arrived two polacre ships\\nfrom the eastward.\\nOur supplies from the eastward were\\nnow pretty regular, and the boats and\\nvessels in general very successful in\\ntheir voyages. When the reader con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiders the variety of difficulties and\\ndangers attending this intercourse, he\\ncannot but admire the perseverance of\\nthese foreigners. Their vessels were\\ngenerally of light burthen, and open,\\nexcepting a small scuttle abaft, which,\\nwith the other parts of the vessel, was\\nusually filled with part of their cargo.\\nTheir passage was seldom performed\\nin less than five days; and sometimes\\nit exceeded ten, and fourteen. Their\\ncourse was all the way along the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s coast: and even when arrived\\nwithin sight of the port, the danger\\nwas greater than before, from the num-\\nF", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "66\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. IV.\\nher and vigilance of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s crui\u00c2\u00ac\\nsers the horrors of a Spanish gaol\\nstared them in the face, with the chance\\nof losing probably their all. One cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstance indeed was in their favour;\\ntheir vessels, in the rigging, resembled\\nthose of the enemy. To the chance of\\ndeceiving them they were nevertheless\\nunwilling entirely to trust: it was their\\ncustom therefore to make the rock, if\\npossible, about sunset; then strike sail,\\nand lie-to, and at night push for the\\nbay. By manoeuvring in this manner\\nthey frequently arrived safe; and in\\nthat case, it must be confessed, they\\nwere amply recompensed.\\nThe 26th, the regiments in garrison\\nbegan to be reviewed: after the review,\\neach regiment marched to its alarm-\\npost, and discharged several rounds of\\nparapet firing. The 28th, a brig under\\nGenoese colours came over from Alge-\\nziras the crew reported, they had in\u00c2\u00ac\\njured their mast, and put into Alge-\\nziras for another, but that the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards had ill-treated them; they there\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore came over to remedy their loss.\\nTo this story the governor did not give\\nimplicit credit: a guard of a subaltern\\nand twelve men was sent on board;\\nand after being for some time detained,\\nher cargo, which was fruit, was sold,\\nand the vessel was sent away.\\nThe want of bread in the beginning\\nof March began again to be severely\\nfelt: many families had not tasted any\\nfor several days. The poor soldiers,\\nand still more the inhabitants, whose\\nfinances would not allow them to pur\u00c2\u00ac\\nchase articles from the Minorquin ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels (the cargoes of which, by the way,\\nwere chiefly luxuries), were in intoler\u00c2\u00ac\\nable distress. Biscuit-crumbs sold for\\n10c?. and Is. per lb. The allowance of\\nthe troops was also curtailed, and many\\nPortuguese fishermen left the garrison\\nfor want of this article. Towards the\\nconclusion of the month, the invalids\\nof the garrison embarked on board the\\nEnterprise frigate, and St. Fermin\\narmed ship. The 27th the former, with\\nthe Fortune sloop, sailed for Minorca\\nand the St. Fermin was to have accom\u00c2\u00ac\\npanied them, but in getting out of the\\nNew mole some accident befel her, by\\nwhich she was detained. In the course\\nof the month several small craft arrived\\nfrom Minorca: and we lost two men by\\ndesertion.\\nThe beginning of April the Spanish\\nadmiral called in all his cruisers, and\\nsome movements took place in their\\ndisposition, which seemed to indicate\\nthe expectation of a superior force.\\nThe 2nd we observed their artillery\\narranging the mortars in the Mill bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, which confirmed us in the con\u00c2\u00ac\\njecture.- The succeeding day a British\\ncutter, called the Resolution, arrived\\nwith rum, coals, and sugar, in twenty-\\nnine days, from Plymouth. The master\\ninformed us that he left a fleet, which\\nwas coming to our relief, at anchor in\\nTorbay. Our joy at this news was\\ngreater, if possible, than when we were\\ntold of our former relief. The exigen\u00c2\u00ac\\ncies of the garrison since Admiral Rod\u00c2\u00ac\\nney\u00e2\u0080\u0099s departure had been as severe, if not\\nmore so than before. Since the soldier,\\nfor himself, only received weekly 5\u00c2\u00a3 lbs.\\nof bread, 13 oz. of salt beef, 18 oz. of\\npork, both of them almost in a state of\\nputrescence; 2 oz. of butter, which\\nwas little better than rancid congealed\\noil; 12 oz. of raisins, J a pint of peas,\\n1 pint of Spanish beans, 1 pint of wheat,\\nwhich they ground into flour for pud\u00c2\u00ac\\ndings 4 oz. of rice, and of a pint of\\noil: what then must be the sufferings\\nof those who had a family of small\\nchildren to support out of this pittance\\nor what must be the distress of the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nhabitants, who had no assistance from\\nthe stores!\\nThe night of the 3rd the St. Fermin,\\nwith the Brilliant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tender, which had\\nbeen forced by a gale of wind to put\\ninto Gibraltar, sailed for Mahon; two\\nxebeques immediately gave chase, and,\\nwe afterwards learned, captured the\\nformer.\\nIt being observed that the enemy had\\nstationed at Cabrita Point (though at\\nsome distance from the land) a sloop\\nand two light brigs, supposed to be fire\u00c2\u00ac\\nships, the captains of the privateers in\\nthe bay proposed cutting out the sloop,\\nand burning the other vessels. The\\nplan was mentioned to the governor by\\nan officer of the garrison, who had per\u00c2\u00ac\\nmission to take with him a party of\\nvolunteers from the different corps, and", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n67\\njoin in the expedition. About eleven\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock on the night of the 4th they\\nproceeded in four boats. When they\\nset out the night was very favourable\\nfor the enterprise; but before they\\nreached the vessels the moon suddenly\\n.shone forth, and they reluctantly re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned. Whether the Spaniards dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered the boats or not, is a matter of\\ndoubt; it is probable they did, as the\\nnext morning four gun-boats joined\\nthem from Algeziras, and the sloop re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved farther to the southward.\\nThe enemy, on the 5th, scaled several\\nof their ordnance in the batteries round\\nthe bay; two frigates were also placed\\nin front of eight vessels, supposed to be\\nfire-ships: these motions convinced us\\nthat the enemy were aware of the fleet\\nwhich was expected. The evening of\\nthe 7th the Eagle privateer, of fourteen\\nS ms, arrived in fourteen days from\\nlasgow: a xebeque, a sloop of four\u00c2\u00ac\\nteen guns, a galliot, and eleven gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats, engaged her in the bay; but by\\nwarm fighting and good seamanship\\nshe escaped. The captain informed us\\nthat the fleet had sailed, and he was\\nmuch surprised in not finding them\\narrived. The following day the Spanish\\ngeneral visited the lines and advanced\\nworks. The 9th only two xebeques and\\nthe gun-boats were at Algeziras, the\\nrest of their cruisers having left the\\nstation. The 11th a felucca came round\\nCabrita with oars and with a press of sail:\\nimmediately upon entering the bay she\\nmade a signal, which was answered at\\nAlgeziras by an English ensign at the\\nmain-top-gallant mast-head. Soon after\\na boat went over to Ceuta, and the\\nxebeque which was stationed at the\\npoint was called in with the gun-boats.\\nIn the evening many signals were made\\nfrom the west; and about midnight\\narrived the Kite cutter, Captain Trol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlop, with the joyful news that the con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoy was at the entrance of the Straits,\\nunder charge of Admiral Darby, with\\nthe British grand fleet.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "68\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap.\\nCHAPTER Y.\\nAdmiral Darby relieves Gibraltar\u00e2\u0080\u0094Spaniards bombard the town\u00e2\u0080\u0094Soldiers guilty of irre*\\ngularities\u00e2\u0080\u0094Town frequently on fire, and greatly injured\u00e2\u0080\u0094Gun and mortar boats very\\ntroublesome to the Navy\u00e2\u0080\u0094Admiral Darby returns to England\u00e2\u0080\u0094Captain Curtis arrives\\nwith a convoy of victuallers\u00e2\u0080\u0094Town in ruins\u00e2\u0080\u0094Gun-boats renew their attacks on the Gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison: fatal effects\u00e2\u0080\u0094Inhabitants much alarmed by their attacks\u00e2\u0080\u0094One of the Enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nmagazines blown up\u00e2\u0080\u0094General Eliott adopts a mode of annoying the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, and\\nconstructs Prames to oppose the gun-boats\u00e2\u0080\u0094Bombardment abates\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Helena sloop-of-\\nwar arrives, after a warm action with the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0094Singular system of firing, from the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0094Melancholy fate of a matross\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy make additions to their works\u00e2\u0080\u0094Firing\\nincreases on both sides\u00e2\u0080\u0094Death of Major Burke\u00e2\u0080\u0094Gallant behaviour of a working party\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nA conspiracy discovered in the Navy\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy, by their operations, demonstrate their in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntention of besieging the Garrison in form\u00e2\u0080\u0094Ineffectual attempt to destroy their batteries\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSeveral cutters taken\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy finish their batteries\u00e2\u0080\u0094General Eliott projects a sally, which\\nproves successful.\\nAt daybreak, on the 12th of April,\\nthe much-expected fleet, under the\\ncommand of Admiral Darby, was in\\nsight from our signal-house, but was\\nnot discernible from below, being ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nscured by a thick mist in the Gut. As\\nthe sun, however, became more power\u00c2\u00ac\\nful, the fog gradually rose, like the\\ncurtain of a vast theatre, discovering to\\nthe anxious garrison one of the most\\nbeautiful and pleasing scenes it is pos\u00c2\u00ac\\nsible to conceive. The convoy, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisting of near a hundred vessels, were\\nin a compact body, led by several men-\\nof-war: their sails just enough filled\\nfor steerage, whilst the majority of the\\nline-of-battle ships lay-to under the\\nBarbara shore, having orders not to\\nenter the bay lest the enemy should\\nmolest them with their fire-ships. The\\necstasies of the inhabitants at this grand\\nand exhilarating sight are not to be de\u00c2\u00ac\\nscribed. Their expressions of joy far\\nexceeded their former exultations. But,\\nalas! they little dreamed of the tre\u00c2\u00ac\\nmendous blow that impended, which\\nwas to annihilate their property, and\\nreduce many of them to indigence and\\nbeggary.\\nAs the convoy approached the bay,\\n15 gun-boats advanced from Algeziras,\\nand forming in regular order under\\nthe batteries at Cabrita Point, began a\\nsmart cannonade on the nearest ships,\\nseconded by the gun and mortar bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries on the land. A line-of-battle\\nship and two frigates, however, soon\\nobliged them to a precipitate retreat;\\nand, continuing to pursue them, the\\ncrews of several deserted their boats,\\nand took refuge amongst the rocks.\\nHad our ships advanced at this critical\\njuncture and manned their boats, the\\nwhole might probably have been de\u00c2\u00ac\\nstroyed, and the garrison by that means\\nbeen rid of those disagreeable visitors\\nwhich afterwards so harassed and an\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoyed us; but the frigates, having dis\u00c2\u00ac\\npersed them, thought no more of the\\nbum-boats, as some naval officers con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntemptuously called them, and left them\\nto be repossessed by the fugitives.\\nThe enemy, on the land side, were\\nfar from being idle spectators of this\\nrelief. On the first intimation of Ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmiral Darby\u00e2\u0080\u0099s approach, preparations,\\nit is imagined, were made in the lines,\\nand a reinforcement of artillery ordered\\ndown from the camp; as at daybreak,\\nbefore the fleet was well in sight, we\\nremarked that their cannon were ele\u00c2\u00ac\\nvated, and the spunges and rammers\\nreared against the merlons. These,\\nwith other appearances, indicated an\\nintention of opening on the garrison.\\nOur private letters had, fcr some", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n69\\ntime before, mentioned that the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards proposed to bombard Gibraltar,\\nif the garrison was a second time\\nrelieved; but the truth of this intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence was doubted, it being conceived\\nthat no beneficial consequences could\\narise to them from such a cruel pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding. We, however, overlooked the\\npredominant characteristic of the na\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion, which, particularly in this in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstance, seems to have influenced them\\nmore than any other motive, and even to\\nhave carried them beyond that line of\\nprudence and caution, which in military\\naffairs ought to be strictly attended to.\\nAbout three-quarters past ten o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock,\\nthe van of the convoy came to an\\nanchor off the New mole and Rosia\\nbay; and, as if this were the signal for\\nthe enemy to open, a smart fire imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately commenced from Fort St.\\nPhilip, followed by all the batteries\\nwhich bore upon the garrison. The\\nnumber of ordnance bearing on the\\nplace was as follows :\u00e2\u0080\u0094The King s, or\\nBlack battery (mounting 14 guns), 12\\nbearing on the garrison; Fort St.\\nPhilip (27 guns), 11 bearing on the\\ngarrison; Infanta\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, of 7 guns;\\nPrince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and Princess\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries, of 14\\nguns each; Fort St. Barbara (23 guns),\\n6 bearing on the garrison; these, with\\nabout 50 mortars, distributed along\\ntheir lines, and in St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery,\\namount to 114 pieces of artillery; all\\nof heavy metal, being twenty-six\\npounders, and thirteen-inch mortars.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade was instantly\\nreturned from the garrison; but our\\nartillery had orders to disregard their\\nlines, and notice only the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, which consequently soon\\nslackened its fire. The miserable and\\nterrified inhabitants, who just before\\nwere congratulating each other on the\\narrival of the fleet, now changed their\\nexultation to sorrow, and flocked, old\\nand young, men, women, and children,\\nin the greatest confusion, to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward, leaving their property, unse\u00c2\u00ac\\ncured, to the mercy of the soldiers.\\nThe shells from the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery\\nwere directed towards the New mole;\\nthe convoy, however, had been warned\\nnot to anchor within the range of their\\nfire; the shipping, therefore, were not\\nin the least molested. A settee was\\nsunk near the watering-tank, and num\u00c2\u00ac\\nbers of shells fell on the Red sands, and\\nin the neighbourhood of Southport,\\nwhich added no little to the alarm of\\nthe fugitives from town. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nother batteries were chiefly directed to\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, the lines, and particularly the\\nground upon which the troops were\\nintended to have been encamped. Be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween one and two o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock their firing\\nabated, and in a short time ceased.\\nOf this favourable cessation the inha\u00c2\u00ac\\nbitants availed themselves, to secure\\nsuch valuable property as could be ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npeditiously removed; but the heavier\\narticles, which the avaricious and hard\u00c2\u00ac\\nhearted hucksters had kept concealed\\nin their stores, to bring forth in small\\nquantities when the prices suited, were\\nall destroyed in the course of the bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbardment.\\nAbout five o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, the batteries of\\nthe enemy again opened, and the firing\\ncontinued, without intermission, the\\nremainder of the day and the succeed\u00c2\u00ac\\ning night. It did not, however, in\u00c2\u00ac\\nterrupt the disembarkation of the sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nplies. Five hundred men, with a pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nportion of officers, were ordered for\\nthat duty; they were afterwards con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderably augmented, and such was the\\nlabour and diligence of the garrison,\\nthat the stores were landed, with the\\nassistance of the navy, in nine or ten\\ndays. Our casualties, on the 12th, were\\nbut few; Lieutenant Boag, of the artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery, was wounded, also several non\u00c2\u00ac\\ncommissioned officers and privates.\\nThe bombardment was continued the\\n13th, and several soldiers were killed\\nand wounded in their quarters. In the\\ncourse of the day, 150 men were or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered to remove ammunition to the\\nmagazines on the hill, and an additional\\nnumber to join the party employed in\\nlanding the supplies. The 14th, the\\ngun and mortar boats fired upon the\\nshipping, but were soon obliged to\\nretire. Several barges attended, having\\nofficers in them, who seemed to give\\ndirections how to point their cannon\\nOur batteries ceased firing this day,\\nbut the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ordnance were kept\\ngoing with great vivacity. They ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared to have got the exact range of", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "70\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\nthe heights; even the Royal battery\\ndid not escape their shells. Ensign\\nMartin of the 39th regiment was\\nslightly wounded with splinters of\\nstones. No arrangement for placing\\nthe troops under shelter was yet known;\\nand the former distribution, given out\\nin November, was totally overthrown\\nby the extensive range of the enemy s\\nfire. Officers, however, whose quarters\\nwere damaged, received marquees from\\nthe public stores, to encamp at the\\nsouthward; and the distressed inhabit\u00c2\u00ac\\nants were accommodated with tents.\\nIt being remarked that the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nfire considerably abated about noon,\\nthe governor ordered the town-guards\\nto assemble at twelve o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock; by\\nwhich regulation less danger was ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nprehended in relieving the men on\\nduty. The night pickets were like\u00c2\u00ac\\nwise ordered to occupy the casemates\\nunder the Grand battery, that they\\nmight be at hand to reinforce the\\nnorthern guards, in case of alarm.\\nThe total strength of the pickets, at\\nthis period, was 2 captains, 9 subal\u00c2\u00ac\\nterns, 9 serjeants, 9 drummers, and\\n391 rank and file. The cause of the\\ncessation in the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire at noon,\\narose from a custom, pretty general in\\nSpain, and common, I believe, in most\\nwarm climates, that of indulging them\u00c2\u00ac\\nselves with a meridian nap. This\\nluxury the Spaniards could not refuse\\nthemselves, even in war; and it was\\ninvariably attended to during their\\nfuture operations against Gibraltar.*\\nVice-Admiral Darby with the ships\\nof war continued cruising in sight of\\nthe rock: the service however re\u00c2\u00ac\\nquiring dispatch in landing the sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nplies, he detached Rear-Admiral Sir\\nJohn Lockart Ross to superintend that\\nduty in the bay; and the garrison\\nfatigue party was augmented to up\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards of a thousand men, besides\\nThis will not appear so extraordinary\\nwhen the reader is informed that, during the\\ninsurrection of Madrid, in 1766, the insur\u00c2\u00ac\\ngents, as mentioned by Major Dalrymple, in\\nhis Travels through Spain,\u00e2\u0080\u009d regularly in\u00c2\u00ac\\ndulged themselves with their siesta, and then\\nreturned to their different places of rendez\u00c2\u00ac\\nvous. Their antagonists did the same so that\\nthere seemed to be a sleepy convention, for a\\nfew hours, every day, between the govern\u00c2\u00ac\\nment and the mob.\\nofficers. The evening of the 14th the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shells were very profusely dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntributed some that did not burst we\\nexamined, and on drawing the fuse,\\nfound inflammable matter mixed with\\nthe powder: these combustibles set fire\\nto a wine-house in the green-market,\\nnear the Spanish church, and before the\\nfire could be extinguished, four or five\\nhouses were burnt to the ground. De\u00c2\u00ac\\ntachments from the regiments and\\nguards in town were immediately or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered to quench the flames; but the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade became so brisk,\\nthat great confusion ensued. From\\nthis moment we may date the com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmencement of the irregularities into\\nwhich, through resentment and intoxi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncation, the soldiers were betrayed.\\nSome died of immediate intoxication,\\nand several were with difficulty re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered, by oils and tobacco water,\\nfrom a dangerous state of ebriety.\\nThough riot and violence are most\\ncontrary to that spirit of regular dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncipline which should always prevail in\\nmilitary affairs, something may yet be\\nurged in extenuation of the conduct of\\nthe troops, which has been so much\\nthe subject of reprehension amongst\\nthe people interested. The extreme\\ndistress to which the soldiers had been\\nreduced by the mercenary conduct of\\nthe hucksters and liquor-dealers, in\\nhoarding, or rather concealing their\\nstocks, to enhance the price of what\\nwas exposed for sale, raised amongst\\nthe troops (when they discovered the\\ngreat quantities of various articles in\\nthe private stores) a spirit of revenge.\\nThe first and second days they con\u00c2\u00ac\\nducted themselves with great pro\u00c2\u00ac\\npriety; but on the eve of the third\\nday, their discipline was overpowered\\nby their inebriation, and from that in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstant, regardless of punishment, or the\\nentreaties of their officers, they were\\nguilty of many and great excesses.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shells soon forced open\\nthe secret recesses of the merchants,\\nand the soldiers instantly availed them\u00c2\u00ac\\nselves of the opportunity to seize upon\\nthe liquors, which they conveyed to\\nhaunts of their own. Here, in parties,\\nthey barricaded their quarters against\\nall opposers, and, insensible of their", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n71\\ndanger, regaled themselves with the\\nspoils. Several skirmishes occurred\\namongst them, which, if not seasonably\\nput a stop to by the interference of\\nofficers, might have ended in serious\\nconsequences.\\nIt did not appear through all their\\nintemperance that these irregularities\\narose from any cause so much as a\\nspirit of revenge against the merchants.\\nA great quantity of liquor, c., was\\nwantonly destroyed; and, in some\\ncases, incredible profusion prevailed.\\nAmong other instances of caprice and\\nextravagance, I recollect seeing a party\\nof soldiers roast a pig by a fire made of\\ncinnamon. The offenders were at first\\nconfined and reprimanded, which the\\ngovernor judged would have a greater\\neffect than punishment; but on their\\nrelapsing a second time into the like\\ndisorders, he was convinced his lenity\\nwas disregarded, and he was therefore\\ncompelled to use more rigorous mea\u00c2\u00ac\\nsures.\\nI have thought proper to digress a\\nlittle upon this subject, not in justifica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the soldiers, but to acquaint the\\nworld with the truth, as some who\\nhave related the occurrences of this\\nperiod to their friends, have omitted\\ndoing the garrison the justice to annex\\nthe account of their former hardships.\\nBesides, had the troops been in the\\nhighest degree abstemious, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nfire would soon have destroyed what\\nwas only the sooner consumed by their\\nextravagance for the inhabitants were\\ntoo much alarmed for the safety of their\\nown persons, to attend to the security\\nof their effects.\\nI forgot to mention in its place that,\\nprevious to the bombardment, orders\\nhad been given for removing the sick\\nin town, when the firing commenced:\\non the 13th, therefore, the men were\\nconveyed to the naval hospital at the\\nsouthward.\\nThe 15th the bombardment was con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued with greater vivacity. Not con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntent with discharging their ordnance\\nregularly, they saluted us almost every\\ninstant with a volley of eight or ten\\ncannon, besides mortars. Our batteries\\nremained silent, and the guns at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nwere drawn behind the merlons, to\\nsecure them against the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shot.\\nIt was observed they directed a great\\nnumber of shells towards the Working\\nparade, and about the Victualling-office.\\nIn the morning the gun-boats again\\nattacked the ships of war and trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nports, and the navy returned a smart\\nfire. About noon, Lieut. Budworth of\\nthe 72nd regiment, and Surgeon Ches-\\nholme of the 56th, were wounded by\\na splinter of a shell at the door of a\\nnorthern casemate in the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion.\\nThe former was dangerously scalped,\\nand the latter had one foot taken off, and\\nthe other leg broken, besides a wound in\\nthe knee. The troops in town, in the\\nafternoon began to encamp at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward, and to be regularly distributed\\namongst the casemates in town. The\\nfollowing was the arrangement. To\\nthe Hanoverians were allotted the\\nbomb-proofs under the grand battery,\\noccupied by the pickets, which in con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequence removed to Landport gate\u00c2\u00ac\\nway and Prince of Hesse\u00e2\u0080\u0099s casemate.\\nThe 12th, 39th, and 56th regiments\\nwere ordered to possess Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncasemate with the Galley-house and\\nWaterport gateway: those who could\\nnot be accommodated in these quarters,\\nencamped above the South barracks\\nand Navy hospital, on the declivity of\\nthe hill: the 72nd regiment totally\\nwithdrew into the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, and\\nthe 58th and 73rd regiments remained\\nin the South barracks: the artillery\\nand engineers were disposed of on the\\nsame plan. Several days elapsed before\\nthe troops were properly settled. The\\nground on which they encamped was\\nvery steep and rugged: it was neces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsary therefore to level it into terraces,\\nfor the men to pitch their tents. The\\nregimental stores were also to be re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved, and other duties of a similar\\nnature executed, before the troops could\\nbe considered as properly established.\\nThe gun-boats attacked the shipping\\non the 16th, and endeavoured to molest\\nthe parties employed in landing the\\nprovisions; but a line-of-battle ship\\nand two frigates soon obliged them to\\nretire. In the course of the day the\\nwomen and children who had taken\\nrefuge with their husbands and friends\\nin the casemates in town, were ordered", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\n72\\nto remove and encamp at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward. Though this order, from mo\u00c2\u00ac\\ntives of humanity, was not strictly en\u00c2\u00ac\\nforced, yet it greatly relieved the men,\\nand in a measure removed our appre\u00c2\u00ac\\nhensions of some infectious disorder\\nbeing generated from their crowded\\nand confined situation in the bomb\u00c2\u00ac\\nproof casemates. The officers were\\nunder the necessity of participating\\nwith the men in these unpleasant ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncommodations their presence, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, produced this beneficial conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquence, that they often prevented the\\nmen from indulging in those excesses,\\ninto which otherwise they undoubtedly\\nwould have entered. The same day\\nthe Queens lines, Main, New mole,\\nand Rosia guards, were ordered to be\\ncaptain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s guards.\\nThe enemy on the 17th first reached\\nthe rock gun with shot from the seven-\\ngun battery. Colonels Ross, Green,\\nand Picton were appointed the same\\nday to rank as brigadiers; and Captain\\nWilson of the 72nd regiment, Lieute\u00c2\u00ac\\nnant Holloway of the engineers, and\\nCaptain Picton of the 12th regiment,\\nwere appointed their brigade-majors.\\nTwo field-officers, with a captain from\\neach regiment, and one subaltern for\\nevery fifty men, were ordered also to\\nsuperintend the disembarkation of pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvisions. In the afternoon the shells of\\nthe besiegers set fire to the stores in\\nthe Spanish church. Parties were in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly detached from the main guard,\\n72nd regiment, and other corps in town,\\nto remove the provisions. The lieu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntenant-governor with his aides-de-camp\\nwas present, encouraging the men to\\nperform this duty with expedition. The\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire at this time was remark\u00c2\u00ac\\nably spirited; nevertheless, the greater\\npart was saved by the activity of the\\nparties. Many casks of flour were\\nbrought into the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, and\\npiled as temporary traverses before the\\ndoors of the southern casemates, in\\nwhich several persons had been killed\\nand wounded in bed. These traverses,\\nhowever, did not continue long; for\\nthe men, when the spoils in the town\\nbecame scarce, considered those barrels\\nwhich the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shot had pierced as\\nlawful prizes. The contents were soon\\nscooped out and fried into pancakes,\\na dish which they were very expert iu\\ncooking; and the upper casks, wanting\\nsupport from below, gave way, and the\\nwhole came to the ground. Though\\nthe flour by this means was in a great\\nmeasure lost to government, yet the\\nnumber of accidents which these tra\u00c2\u00ac\\nverses prevented, greatly overbalanced\\nthe value of the article. Traverses of\\nanother nature were afterwards erected\\nin their room.\\nThe gun-boats, on the 18th, fired\\nagain upon the shipping and men-of-\\nwar cruising in the bay. The Minerva\\nand Monsieur frigates had several men\\ndangerously wounded; and the Non\u00c2\u00ac\\nsuch had her mast crippled. The navy,\\nafter this attack, no longer considered\\nthese boats in the same despicable light\\nas on their first entrance into the bay.\\nIn the course of the day a shell fell\\nthrough the arch of the Galley-house,\\nwhere part of the 39th and some of the\\n12 th regiments were quartered; it\\nkilled two and wounded four privates.\\nIn consequence of this unexpected\\ncasualty the troops removed thence,\\nand joined their regiments at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward.\\nOur batteries, especially at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\nby this time exhibited a very disor\u00c2\u00ac\\nderly and ruinous appearance. The\\nordnance had been withdrawn when the\\nartillery ceased to fire: but the merlons\\nwere now considerably damaged, and\\nsome of the cannon dismounted and\\ninjured. The lines were also nearly\\nchoked up with loose stones and rub\u00c2\u00ac\\nbish, brought down by the shot from\\nthe rock above; the traverses along\\nthe line wall were greatly injured;\\nand the town, particularly at the north\u00c2\u00ac\\nward, approached every day toward\\ncomplete demolition. The engineers,\\nhowever, were ordered to prepare ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nterials for repairing the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s; and parties of work\u00c2\u00ac\\nmen were employed in carrying up\\nfrom below sand-bags and other requi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsites for that purpose. New traverses\\nwere likewise begun along the differ\u00c2\u00ac\\nent communications, higher, stronger,\\nand at shorter distances than the old\\nones.\\nThe gun-boats renewed their attack.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n73\\nthe 19th, on the shipping, but were\\nsoon obliged to retreat. In the course\\nof the day the terrace storehouse was\\nset on fire. The camp-equipage of the\\ngarrison being in an adjacent house,\\nparties from the regiments in town\\nwere ordered to remove them with the\\ngreatest expedition. The men gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nrally received some gratuity from the\\ngovernor for these hazardous duties.\\nThe following day, the supplies being\\nlanded, the fleet in the evening pre\u00c2\u00ac\\npared to return to the westward. Be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore they weighed, their good friends\\nthe gun-boats gave them a parting\\nsalute, and did some damage. By six\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock the whole were under way.\\nMany merchantmen, freighted with\\nmerchandise and articles much wanted\\nin the garrison, returned with their\\ncargoes the merchants refusing to\\ntake them on account of the bombard\u00c2\u00ac\\nment. Great numbers of the inhabit\u00c2\u00ac\\nants and officers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 families likewise\\nembraced this opportunity of leaving\\nthe garrison.\\nThe impatience of the British admi\\nral to disembark the supplies, that he\\nmight not lose the opportunity of the\\neasterly wind to return from the Medi\u00c2\u00ac\\nterranean, had prevented the garrison\\nfrom unloading the colliers that had\\narrived with the fleet: these ships were\\ntherefore scuttled in the New mole to\\nbe discharged at leisure. The ordnance\\ntransports were also ordered within the\\nboom for the same purpose. In the\\ncourse of the 20th, the Victualling-\\noffice was on fire for a short time; and\\nat night the town was on fire in four\\ndifferent places; but the public stores\\nbeing safe, no attempts were made to\\nextinguish the flames.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade and bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbardment continued still very brisk.\\nThe 21st, forty-two rounds were num\u00c2\u00ac\\nbered in two minutes, between six and\\neight o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock. The garrison flag-staff\\non the Grand battery was so much in\u00c2\u00ac\\njured by their fire, that the upper part\\nwas obliged to be cut off; and the\\ncolours, or rather the glorious remains,\\nwere nailed to the stump. The even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning of the 22nd, the combustible mat\u00c2\u00ac\\nter in their shells setting fire to some\\nfascines at Waterport, Lieut. Cunning\u00c2\u00ac\\nham, of the 39th regiment, was Wounded\\nin extinguishing them. The fate of\\nthis young gentleman may be con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsidered as extraordinary. On examin\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the wound, which was in the head,\\nit appeared so trifling that the surgeon\\njudged his skull unhurt; and his seem\u00c2\u00ac\\ning recovery confirmed the opinion.\\nSomething more than a fortnight elapsed\\nwhen he complained of a pain in his\\nhead: he immediately took to his bed,\\nand in a short time expired. After his\\ndecease a considerable counter-fracture\\nwas discovered, with a quantity of ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntra vasated blood encircling the brain.\\nThe gun and mortar boats, on the\\n23rd, fired upon our parties ranging\\nthe provisions at the southward. 260\\nshot and 40 shells were discharged,\\nseveral of which fell about the camp\\nand powder-magazines. The wife of a\\nsoldier of the 58th regiment was killed\\nbehind the South barracks, and seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nral men wounded. The bombardment\\nfrom the lines was now in some de\u00c2\u00ac\\ngree abated, in consequence of their\\nbatteries being shaken and injured by\\ntheir own constant cannonade. We\\nobserved during this day a number of\\nmules, with carts, bringing materials\\nto the line to repair them. Our ar\u00c2\u00ac\\ntillery at night annoyed them with a\\nfew rounds from the batteries above\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nThe 24th, a shell fell at the door\\nof a casemate, under the south flank of\\nthe King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, and wounded four\\nmen within the bomb-proof. This case\u00c2\u00ac\\nmate had been appropriated as a pow\u00c2\u00ac\\nder magazine for the bastion, and the\\npowder had only been removed to the\\nopposite casemate a few days previous\\nto this accident. In the afternoon a\\nsoldier of the 12th regiment deserted\\nfrom Landport guard, in consequence\\nof which the town guards were ordered\\nto assemble the subsequent day at two\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock p. m. The enemy, however,\\nnot increasing their fire as was ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npected, the guards afterwards mounted\\nat the usual time.\\nThe garrison orders of the 26th ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npressed, that any soldier, convicted of\\nbeing drunk or asleep upon his post, or\\nfound marauding, should be immedi\u00c2\u00ac\\nately executed. These measures ri-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "74\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\ngorous as they may appear, were be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncome absolutely necessary, and, in\\nreality, had been too long deferred.\\nThe soldiei\u00e2\u0080\u0099s were now arrived at so\\nhigh a pitch of licentiousness, that no\\nrespect was paid to their officers, and\\nscarcely obedience to them even when\\non duty. Such behaviour, if not curbed\\nin time, too commonly induces very\\nserious consequences. At the same\\ntime that this order was issued, the\\nregiments quartered at the southward\\nwere commanded, in case of alarm, to\\nassemble in two lines on the Red sands,\\nthe British in front, and the Hano\u00c2\u00ac\\nverian brigade in the rear. The troops\\nin town had their stations likewise\\nallotted them.\\nIn the afternoon of the 27th, a con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoy of 20 victuallers, under charge of\\n4 frigates and the Fortune sloop, ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived in thirteen days from Minorca.\\nIt now appeared that the governor did\\nnot entirely depend on receiving suc\u00c2\u00ac\\ncours from England, but thought it\\nprudent to obtain supplies from other\\nquarters, lest any accident should pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nvent the British fleet arriving in time\\nto his relief. Thus determined to pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvide against fortuitous events, he had\\nsecretly ordered provisions to be pur\u00c2\u00ac\\nchased from the prizes taken in the\\nMediterranean, and carried into Port\\nMahon, and shipped on board vessels\\nthat were hired for that purpose. Cap\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain Curtis, of the Brilliant frigate, had\\nthe charge of this valuable convoy;\\nand the success attending the enterprise\\ndemonstrates with what secrecy it had\\nbeen conducted. They were ignorant\\nof Admiral Darby having been in the\\nMediterranean, and were agreeably sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nprised to find from the enemy no oppo\u00c2\u00ac\\nsition to their entrance.\\nThe provisions thrown in by the\\nBritish admiral were not yet stored;\\nnor had they any further protection\\nagainst the weather than a covering of\\ncanvas, formed from the sails of the\\ncolliers that were run ashore in the\\nNew mole. Under these unavoidable\\ncircumstances, it was peculiarly unfor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunate that the rains at this period\\nshould be unusually heavy, and of\\nlong continuance. The troops also\\nwere very material sufferers from this\\ninclemency of the weather. The rain,\\nthat poured down in torrents from the\\nface of the hill, soon broke down the\\nloose banks of earth raised to cover\\ntheir tents, which, being pitched on\\nthe declivity of the hill, were swept\\naway by the force of the stream; and\\nthus the fatigued soldier, who scarcely\\nwas one night out of three in bed, was\\nfrequently exposed at midnight to a\\ndeluge of rain. These misfortunes,\\nhowever, taught them to provide against\\nsuch future accidents; and in a few\\nmonths, after some labour and atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion, their quarters were more comfort\u00c2\u00ac\\nable and secure.\\ni The remainder of the month was\\nremarkable for excessive rains, at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended with most dreadful thunder and\\nlightning, which, during the night, in\\naddition to the fire from the enemy,\\nhad an awful and tremendous effect.\\nThe bombardment continued warm and\\nwell supported; but the enemy did not\\nappear to have any particular object.\\nIn the early part of the day they in\\ngeneral fired pretty smartly: about\\nnoon their batteries slackened, and\\nfrom twelve till two o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock almost\\ntotally ceased: after two they recom\u00c2\u00ac\\nmenced, and persevered till the suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding meridian. During the night\\nthey directed their fire principally to\\nthe heights and lines, as probably they\\nhad information, by the last deserter,\\nthat we employed, every night, parties\\nto clear and repair those works.\\nThe morning of the 30th we dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered the gun and mortar boats ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproaching the garrison: they took their\\nstations off the town to avoid the fire\\nfrom the frigates, and varied very little\\nfrom their former attacks. Five shot\\nlanded on Windmill-hill, which was es\u00c2\u00ac\\nteemed a remarkably long range. We\\nreturned a brisk and well-directed fire;\\nand they retired. It was remarked that\\nthe land batteries were in a measure\\nsilent during their stay. In the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning a Hanoverian, with some others,\\nwas detected marauding in a store: the\\nparty was given in charge to a sentry,\\nbut the former attempted to escape the\\nsentry called to him to stop, otherwise\\nhe would fire and on his not comply\u00c2\u00ac\\ning with the order, the sentry shot him", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n75\\ndead on the spot. A general return of I\\ncasualties, c. for every month, is in\u00c2\u00ac\\nserted at the conclusion.\\nEarly on the 2nd of May, two set\u00c2\u00ac\\ntees arrived from Algiers, laden with\\nsheep, wine, and brandy. The enemy\\nnow seemed to have given up the idea\\nof blockading us to a surrender. No\\ncruisers had been observed out since\\nthe departure of Admiral Darby. In\\nthe evening a shell from the garrison\\nfell upon the eastern traverse, in the\\nSt. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, under which was\\ntheir magazine, and, communicating\\nwith the powder, blew it up. The\\nexplosion was not loud; but the da\u00c2\u00ac\\nmage was so very considerable that\\nthe ordnance were silent for several\\ndays. Our artillery annoyed the enemy\\ngreatly during their confusion, though\\nthey kept up a brisk discharge from\\nthe lines, at the rate of 250 rounds an\\nhour. The day following, Lieut. Wil-\\nlington, of the artillery, was wounded\\nat Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. The 5th, a soldier of the\\n58th regiment was executed on the\\nGrand parade, at the door of the store\\nwhere he was detected plundering.\\nHis body hung till sunset, as an ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nample to other offenders.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade and bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbardment continued to be wide and\\nscattered, apparently having no par\u00c2\u00ac\\nticular object. Shells were yet la\u00c2\u00ac\\nvishly expended; and, what was very\\nsingular, many of those which fell\\nblind, contained, on examination, a\\nvast quantity of sand mixed with the\\npowder. We could not otherwise ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncount for this unusual circumstance,\\nthan by supposing the powder was\\nstolen by their people in the labora\u00c2\u00ac\\ntories. Other shells still scattered, on\\ntheir explosion, combustible matter,\\nwhich, setting fire to the loose timber\\nand wood dispersed amongst the ruins\\nof the town, greatly endangered the\\nking\u00e2\u0080\u0099s stores and magazines. This in\u00c2\u00ac\\nduced the governor, on the 6th, to\\npublish a placard, signifying to the\\ninhabitants that such materials of this\\nnature as were not removed out of the\\nreach of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire, would be\\nconverted to the king\u00e2\u0080\u0099s use. The\\nmorning of the 7th, the gun and mor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntar boats fired upon the town and the\\nNew mole: they stayed about an hour,\\nand then retired. We returned up\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards of 400 rounds with great vi\u00c2\u00ac\\nvacity, which greatly displeased the\\ngovernor: There would be no end,\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nhe said, of expending ammunition if\\nwe fired every time they came, and\\nwhile they were at so great a distance:\\nin future\u00e2\u0080\u009d he ordered \u00e2\u0080\u009cno notice to\\nbe taken of the gun-boats, unless they\\napproached within the distance of\\ngrape.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The 8th, Captain Fowlis, of\\nthe 73rd, was wounded in the lines.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire was now more\\nregular: we no longer experienced\\nthe sudden fits that had induced them\\nto discharge a whole battery at a\\nvolley: it amounted about this time,\\nupon an average, to 1500 rounds in the\\ntwenty-four hours. The 9th, Lieut.\\nLowe, of the 12th regiment, a superin\u00c2\u00ac\\ntendent of the working-parties, lost\\nhis leg by a shot, on the slope of the\\nhill under the castle. He saw the\\nshot before the fatal effect, but was\\nfascinated to the spot. This sudden\\narrest of the faculties was not uncom\u00c2\u00ac\\nmon: several instances occurred to\\nmj r own observation, where men to\u00c2\u00ac\\ntally free have had their senses so\\nengaged by a shell in its descent* that,\\nthough sensible of their danger, even\\nso far as to cry for assistance, they\\nhave been immediately fixed to the\\nplace. But what is more remarkable,\\nthese men have so instantaneously re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered themselves on its fall to the\\nground, as to remove to a place of\\nsafety before the shell burst. The\\ngun and mortar boats repeated their\\nvisit on the 11th, but fired from so\\nrespectful a distance that scarcely a\\nshot came ashore. Our batteries were\\nmanned; nevertheless, not a gun was\\nreturned. Lieutenant Thornton, of the\\n12th regiment, was wounded the same\\nday with splinters of stones, thrown up\\nby a shot which grazed betwixt his\\nlegs.\\nThe buildings in town at this time\\nexhibited a most dreadful picture of\\nthe effects of so animated a bombard\u00c2\u00ac\\nment. Scarcely a house, north of the\\nGrand parade, was tenantable; all of\\nthem were deserted. Some few, near\\nSouthport, continued to be inhabited", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "76\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap V.\\nby soldiers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 families; but in general\\nthe floors and roofs were destroyed,\\nand the walls only were left standing.\\nThe governor and lieutenant-governor,\\nhowever, maintained their quarters,\\nhaving parties constantly employed in\\nrepairing the damage. Both had bomb-\\nproofs and the former afterwards had\\na large tent pitched on a rising situ\u00c2\u00ac\\nation south of the Red sands, where,\\nwith his suite, he generally remained\\nduring the day, returning at night to\\ntown; but the lieutenant-governor con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly resided in town, having accom\u00c2\u00ac\\nmodations in the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion.\\nThe evening of the 12th, the gun and\\nmortar boats fired upon the garrison\\nfrom off the Old mole, seconded by a\\nvery warm fire from their land bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries. Several shells from the former\\nranged as high as the Signal house,\\nand some fell over the rock. They dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharged 180 shot and 46 shells, and\\nthen retired, throwing up the usual\\nsignal of a rocket from each boat\\nThough our batteries were manned,\\nthe garrison remained silent. About\\nthe 13th, and for a few succeeding\\ndays, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shells were directed\\nfor an unusual long range. One fell on\\nthe forecastle of a collier in the New\\nmole, and pierced both decks, but did\\nnot burst. Two fell amongst the pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvisions on the New mole parade, and\\nanother in the middle yard of the\\nSouth barracks; a splinter of the latter\\nflew to the Navy hospital. The 14th,\\na shell fell into the Small armoury,\\nnear Southport, but fortunately did\\nlittle injury. The 17th, the Jews\u00e2\u0080\u0099 syn\u00c2\u00ac\\nagogue and other buildings were burnt\\ndown. The following day, a shell from\\nour upper batteries blew up the guard-\\nroom in the place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes of Fort Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbara. Our engineers were at this time\\nemployed every night in clearing the\\nworks, filling up shell-holes, and re\u00c2\u00ac\\npairing the glacis and traverses at\\nWaterport. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire at this\\nperiod seldom exceeded a thousand\\nrounds in the course of 24 hours: their\\nbatteries were much shaken with the\\nfiring, and parties were constantly\\nbringing supplies of ammunition to the\\nlines, and different materials for the\\nrepair of their works.\\nAn attempt was made by the navy,\\non the 19th, to cut off a polacre be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncalmed near Europa Point; but, a\\nbreeze springing up, she escaped. The\\ngun-boats soon after came out, appa\u00c2\u00ac\\nrently with an intention of avenging\\nthis affront; but, the wind freshening,\\nthey returned. The cannonade from\\nthe enemy was now principally directed\\nat our upper batteries. The rock gun,\\nmounted on the summit of the northern\\nfront, was become as warm, if not\\nwarmer, than any other battery; and\\nscarcely a day passed without some\\ncasualties at that post. The gun and\\nmortar boats, early in the morning of\\nthe 20th, repeated their attack on the\\ngarrison and shipping. They were\\narranged in two divisions, those to the\\nnorthward directing their fire towards\\nthe King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion and Southport, but\\nmost of their shells broke on the face\\nof the rock; whilst the southward divi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion annoyed the shipping and camp.\\nTheir usual signal for retiring was\\nmade about a quarter past three o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock.\\nOn this occasion we returned a few shots\\nfrom the town batteries.\\nAt the commencement of the bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbardment, the out-guards of Bay-side\\nand Lower Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s had been with\u00c2\u00ac\\ndrawn from those barriers, and an\\nofficer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s guard stationed every night in\\nthe Fleche, a work erected near the\\nInundation at the foot of Landport\\nglacis. On the morning of the 21st,\\nthe sentries at this post observed a man\\nadvancing, with great circumspection,\\nalong the causeway: instead of answer\u00c2\u00ac\\ning when challenged, he immediately\\ndropped. Lieut. Wetham, of the 58th\\nregiment, the officer on duty, suspect\u00c2\u00ac\\ning he came to reconnoitre, instantly,\\nwith the serjeant, went out to seize\\nhim; but the man rising, he pursued,\\nand was within a very short distance\\nof securing him, when he fell into a\\nshell-hole near Bay-side, and the man\\nescaped. It was imagined that curio\u00c2\u00ac\\nsity had prompted him to make trial of\\nthe alertness of our sentries. His hat,\\nwhich fell off in his retreat, his firelock\\nwith bayonet, and pouch filled with 29\\nrounds of ammunition, were hung on\\nthe palisades of the barrier, and were\\nafterwards brought in.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n77\\nEarly on the morning of the 22nd, a\\nsplinter of a shell, which fell and burst\\non the Church battery, ranged upwards\\nof 200 yards, and cutting the leaden\\napron of the morning-gun on the South\\nbastion, fired it off. This singular cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstance, happening some hours be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore daybreak, not a little surprised\\nthose who heard the report, and were\\nignorant of the cause. Our fire was\\nnow increased to about 150 rounds\\nin the 24 hours, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parties\\nbeing engaged in repairing the lines\\nof approach. Their cannonade, on the\\ncontrary, was i*educed, upon an average,\\nto 650 rounds.\\nThe night of the 23rd, the gun and\\nmortar boats renewed their attack upon\\nthe camp, which, in its consequences,\\nwas more dreadful than any we had\\nhitherto experienced. The silence ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved by the garrison during their\\npreceding visits emboldened them, on\\nthis occasion, to advance so near that\\nwe could distinctly hear their officers\\ngive orders to the men, who frequently\\ncried out to us, in Spanish, to \u00e2\u0080\u009ctake\\ncare.\u00e2\u0080\u009d During the first and second\\nrounds, the shells fell over Windmill-\\nhill into the sea; but this mistake they\\nsoon rectified, and the attack became\\nexcessively smart. Two shells fell\\nwithin the Hospital-wall, and a shot\\npassed through the roof of one of the\\npavilions. A shell fell in a house in\\nHardy-town, and killed Mr. Israel, a\\nvery respectable Jew, with Mrs. Tour-\\nale, a female relation, and his clerk.\\nAnother, from the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery,\\nfell into a house near South-shed, in\\nwhich were fifteen or sixteen persons:\\nthe shell burst, but all escaped, except\\na child whose mother had experienced\\na similar fate some time before. A sol\u00c2\u00ac\\ndier of the 72nd regiment was killed in\\nhis bed by a shot; and a Jew butcher\\nwas equally unfortunate. In all, seven\\nwere killed, and twelve or thirteen\\nwounded. The silence of the garrison,\\nwhen the destructive effects of this\\nattack were publicly known, caused\\ngreat secret discontent amongst the\\nsoldiers; and such representations were\\nmade to the governor, that he ordered\\nthe artillery to return their fire when\\nthey repeated their visit.\\nThe evening of the 27th, the engi\u00c2\u00ac\\nneers, with a strong party, repaired the\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s). The new\\nmerlons were raised with sand-bags on\\nthe base of the old ones, and the whole\\nwas completed before morning gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nfire. The following day, a squadron\\nof Russian men-of-war passed through\\nthe Straits to the west. Whilst they\\nremained in sight, the enemy increased\\ntheir fire upon the garrison. The same\\nday arrived the General Murray pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvateer and a polacre from Minorca,\\nwith wine, brandy, lemons, and salt;\\nand in the evening, the Enterprise fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngate, with 17 ordnance-ships and trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nports, sailed for England. The enemy\\ndiscovered them before they quitted\\nthe bay, and repeated their signals to\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards Cadiz. The garrison flag-staff,\\non the Grand battery, was now so mu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntilated, and the flag so much torn by\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shot, that it became neces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsary to erect a new one, which was\\ndone the night of the 28th; and it\\nserved to engage the attention of the\\nenemy in the succeeding day\u00e2\u0080\u0099s firing.\\nThe morning of the 29th, two British\\nfrigates, the Flora and Crescent, which\\nhad conveyed the Minorca ordnance-\\nships to Mahon, appeared from the east.\\nCapt.Peere Williams, in the former, stood\\ntowards the bay; and being informed\\nby Capt. Curtis that the Enterprise had\\nsailed the preceding evening, put about\\nand followed his consort, the Crescent,\\nwhich was then chasing two vessels,\\napparently Dutchmen, under the Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbary shore; and soon aftei they disap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared, we heard a cannonade to the\\nwest, which most likely proceeded\\nfrom the ensuing engagement, as we\\nafterwards learned that the ships chased\\nwere Dutch frigates.* At noon the\\nsame day, two artificers were executed\\nat the White Convent in Irish Town\\nfor marauding; and the following day,\\none of the 58th suffered for the same\\nCaptain Williams, in this action, took his\\nopponent; but the Crescent, from some un\u00c2\u00ac\\nfortunate accidents, was compelled to sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrender to her adversary. The Crescent was,\\nhowever, retaken by the Flora; but being\\ngreatly damaged, both she and the Flora\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nprize afterwards fell a prey to some French\\ncruisers.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "78\\nHISTORY OF THE\\noffence. The 31st, in the evening, a\\nship under Ragusan colours, attempt\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to get round Europa Point to pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceed to Algeziras, was driven under\\nour guns, and obliged to come in. She\\nwas laden with wheat and barley, bound\\nfrom Barcelona to Cadiz; and her cargo\\nwas condemned as a lawful prize.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bombardment was con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderably abated towards the close of\\nthe month. Their objects for some\\ntime were the upper batteries, and par\u00c2\u00ac\\nticularly the Royal battery, whence\\nthey were greatly incommoded. They\\noften attempted to reach Landport and\\nthe lines with heavy grape from the\\nadvanced mortars, but it seldom ranged\\nfarther than the Inundation. Our\\nengineers, notwithstanding their fire,\\ncontinued making such repairs as the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade rendered necessary.\\nAbout two o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, on the morning\\nof the 1st of June, the gun and mortar\\nboats saluted us as usual, and wounded\\nthree or four men they were in three\\ndivisions. We returned the fire from\\ndifferent batteries between King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion and Buena Vista. During this\\nattack an incident happened which I\\nwill beg leave to insert. A soldier,\\nrambling about the town, accidentally\\nfound, in the ruins of a house, several\\nwatches and other articles of value, of\\nwhich he immediately, made prize; but\\nhow to secrete them afterwards was a\\nsubject that required the utmost reach\\nof his invention. He was sensible he\\ncould not secure them in his quarters,\\nas every soldier of his regiment was\\nexamined on his return to his bomb\u00c2\u00ac\\nproof from duty. He resolved, there\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore, on a singular expedient. Taking\\nout the wad which served as a tompion\\nto a gun on the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, he\\nlodged his prize, which was tied in his\\nhandkerchief, as far as he could reach,\\nwithin the gun, and put the wad in its\\nformer place. In times of peace he\\ncould not have devised a better reposi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntory but, unfortunately, the gun-boats\\ncoming the same evening (whilst he\\nwas fast asleep in his casemate, not\\napprehending any danger to his secreted\\ntreasure), this richly loaded gun was\\none of the first that was discharged at\\nthe enemy, and the foundation of his\\n[chap. v.\\nfuture greatness was dispersed in an\\ninstant.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade, in the be\u00c2\u00ac\\nginning of June, decreased to about\\n500 rounds in the 24 hours: the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, or Black battery (as it was\\ncalled by the garrison), with the two\\nfourteen-gun batteries in their lines,\\nwere now silent.\\nThe morning of the 3rd the gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats repeated their visit about the\\nsame time as before. In this attack\\n2 serjeants, of the 12th and 58th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments, were killed, and 2 privates\\nwounded many shells fell among the\\ntents of the different regiments, and\\ntwo shot in the hospital-yard. A cor\u00c2\u00ac\\nporal, going with the relief at Land-\\nport, had the muzzle of his firelock\\nclosed, and the barrel twisted like a\\nFrench horn, by a shell, without injury\\nto his person. We returned the fire\\nfrom the town batteries, hoping by that\\nmeans to direct their attention from\\nour camp. The 4th, the governor\\ncommemorated the anniversary of his\\nMajesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s birthday, by a salute at noon\\nof 23 cannon, and 43 mortars, being\\nthe number of ordnance that bore on\\nthe St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. The fire began\\nat the Rock mortar, seconded by the\\nOld mole, and so on from right to left\\ntill the whole were discharged: the\\nenemy, indulging themselves, as usual,\\nwith a siesta, did not immediately\\nreturn our fire; but in the early part\\nof the day they had made the town\\npretty warm, and fired twice or thrice\\nthrough the royal standard.\\nIn the course of the 4th, a tartan\\nwas taken coming in from the east:\\nthe crew, however, escaped to the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison in their boat. A Spanish squadron\\nof 2 line-of-battle ships, 3 xebeques,\\nand 2 bomb-ketches, also arrived the\\nsame day at Algeziras, from aloft.\\nWith this reinforcement, their naval\\nforce before Gibraltar amounted to 2\\nships of the line, 5 xebeques, 2 ketches,\\nseveral half-galleys and armed vessels,\\nwith 15 or 16 gun and mortar boats.\\nThese latter were become so active that\\nwe could never promise ourselves a\\nnight\u00e2\u0080\u0099s repose without being disturbed\\nby a cannonade and their attacks\\nwere more vexatious from the impossi-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "1781]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n79\\nbility of being able to retaliate, because\\nthey presented to us so small an object.\\nWhenever the alarm was given of their\\napproach, which was generally a little\\nafter midnight, the southern part of\\nthe rock was in immediate commotion.\\nTheir effects had been found so de\u00c2\u00ac\\nstructive, that all were upon the look\u00c2\u00ac\\nout the troops were ordered from\\ntheir tents, to places where they were\\ncovered from the shot; but the shells\\nwere directed into the most sequestered\\nrecesses. Such was the terror of the\\nmiserable inhabitants, that many of\\nthem fled nearly naked to the remote\\nparts of the rock and even here they\\ncould scarcely deem themselves secure:\\nin short, no scene could be more de\u00c2\u00ac\\nplorable than that of their distress on\\nthese occasions.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bombardment from the\\nland was still continued with little\\nvariation: they appeared, indeed, to\\nhave no other object than the expendi\u00c2\u00ac\\nture of ammunition. In their camp,\\nlarge parties were constantly bringing\\nbrushwood for fascines from the coun\u00c2\u00ac\\ntry and others were employed in\\ndisembarking stores from small vessels\\nwhich were daily arriving from all\\nquarters.\\nThe 9th, we were alarmed with the\\nblowing-up of one of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s maga\u00c2\u00ac\\nzines, situated at a small distance from\\nthe Catalonian camp to the west of the\\nQueen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Chair. The different\\nexplosions that succeeded the first resem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbled a continual roll of fire like repeated\\nvolleys of musketry; from which cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstance we conjectured that it was\\ntheir repository for live shells and fixed\\nammunition. Their drums immedi\u00c2\u00ac\\nately beat to arms; and the whole army,\\nconsisting of thirteen battalions besides\\ncavalry, assembled in front of the camp.\\nParties were instantly detached; but\\nthe splinters of the shells kept them for\\nsome time at a considerable distance.\\nThe shells, however, at length ceased\\nto displode: they advanced, and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved powder, c. from a neighbour\u00c2\u00ac\\ning magazine to a place southward of\\nthe fire; where, meeting afterwards in\\ngreat numbers, our artillery endea\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoured to reach them with a large\\nshell from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s; but the distance\\nwas beyond the range of a sea-mortar.\\nFrom the long continuance and succes\u00c2\u00ac\\nsive loud reports it was thought they\\nmust have sustained great loss, not only\\nof ammunition, but of men, as the\\nsplinters were seen, with glasses, to\\nrange much farther than the spot\\nwhere the detachment first assembled;\\nand remarkable economy was after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards observed in the article of shells.\\nThe following day, a line-of-battle\\nship, proceeding from Point Mala to\\nthe eastward, was fired upon from the\\ngarrison, and obliged to put about and\\nanchor at Algezii\u00e2\u0080\u0099as. A flag of truce\\ncame the day after to the New mole, to\\nknow the cause of our firing upon her,\\nbeing a Neapolitan man-of-war. The\\ngovernor answered, that the first shot\\nwas to bring her to; which she not\\nobeying, every succeeding one was fired\\nto sink her. The night of the 11th,\\nthe gun and mortar boats, according to\\ncustom, bombarded the camp, killed a\\nchild, and wounded a woman. They\\nretired much sooner than usual; which\\nwe attributed to their having received\\nsome damage, as our grape was heard\\nto strike them. We returned 96\\nrounds of various kinds. Their land\\nbatteries, during the attack, directed\\ntheir fire principally towards the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion, and along the line-Avall in town,\\nwhence, they observed, we for some\\ntime past generally fired when they\\ncame over. The 14th being the anni\u00c2\u00ac\\nversary of Corpus Christi, the festival\\nwas noticed by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shipping\\nwith the usual flags of decoration, and\\nthe customary salutes: repeated volleys\\nwere likewise discharged from the lines;\\nwhich, being unexpected on our side,\\nkilled and wounded several.\\nThough their bombardment in gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nral, at this period, scarcely exceeded\\n450 rounds in 24 hours, yet the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, notwithstanding the\\nrecent repairs, were again greatly da\u00c2\u00ac\\nmaged. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shot, though\\nfired at so great a distance, frequently\\npierced seven solid feet of sand-bag\\nwork. To obviate this, strong wooden\\nframes, called caissons, were constructed\\nof the same dimensions as the merlons;\\nwhich, when well rammed with clay,\\nand covered in front and on the top", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "80\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\nwith junk cut in lengths for the pur\u00c2\u00ac\\npose, were expected to resist better than\\nthe temporary repairs that had been\\ndone during the severity of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nfire. The enemy also adopted the\\nsame mode in capping the merlons of\\nFort St. Barbara.\\nA flag of truce, on the 15th, informed\\nus that two ships had been captured\\nleaving the garrison, and that the pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nsoners were ready to be sent in. The\\nFortune sloop, in consequence, the next\\nday brought over 141 English and\\nJews, men, women, and children. It\\nwas remarked that the enemy the preced\u00c2\u00ac\\ning day continued their bombardment\\nduring the flag of truce; but a strict\\ncessation was observed this day, owing,\\nas we imagined, to some represen\u00c2\u00ac\\ntations. We observed, on the 20th,\\na new camp of 112 tents in the rear of\\nBarcelo\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, north of Algeziras.\\nThe day following, Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion\\nwas opened on the enemy, as parties\\nwere repairing the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery.\\nThe bombardment now decreased\\ndaily. The fire of the enemy was\\nchiefly directed to our upper batteries,\\nfor the town was almost a heap of\\nruins: they sometimes threw a long-\\nranger; but these shells seldom did\\nany injury. The night of the 24th,\\nthe gun-boats fired upon the camp, but\\nat such a distance, that little damage\\nwas received, though they expended\\n400 shot and 70 shells. We returned\\n88 rounds, principally small shells,\\nwhose fuses were so accurately cut, as\\nto break just over the boats. The 27th,\\nwe observed another encampment (ca\u00c2\u00ac\\npable of quartering two battalions) at\\nthe tower between the river Palmones\\nand Algeziras. Many were of opinion\\nthat this camp, with that at Barcelo\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, was occupied by militia. The\\ngun and mortar boats again bombarded\\nour camp about midnight for two\\nhours: they then made their usual\\nsignal, and as we imagined, were gone\\nback; but soon after, they returned,\\nand, recommencing a brisker fire than\\nbefore, killed and wounded 12 or 14,\\nthe greatest number of which were of\\nthe 39th regiment. This was the most\\nimportant loss which our troops had\\nyet experienced from the gun-boats;\\nbut we concluded ourselves in some\\ndegree fortunate in not suffering more\\nconsiderably; as most of the regiments,\\nimagining the bombardment over for\\nthe night, were in bed when they re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned.\\nThe disagreeable and frequent repe\u00c2\u00ac\\ntition of these attacks prompted the\\ngovernor to adopt, if possible, some ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npedients to annoy the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp in\\nreturn. The distance was conceived\\nto be within the range of shells from\\nthe Old mole head accordingly a 13-\\ninch sea-mortar was removed to the\\nextremity; and six cannon, five 32-\\npounders and one 18-pounder, were at\\nthe same time sunk in the sand behind\\nthe Old mole, and then secured with\\ntimber, c. at different degrees of ele\u00c2\u00ac\\nvation. These arrangements had been\\nfor some time in agitation; and being\\nnow completed, he determined to make\\nthe experiment. About 10 o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock in\\nthe forenoon of the 28th, six rounds\\nwere discharged from each: three of\\nthe shells burst in the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp,\\nand one over it. The other two ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nploded in their passage: all the shot\\nwent home. A battalion of Spanish\\nguards, happening to be under arms,\\nwere greatly alarmed, and dispersed\\nthree different times: at length they\\nwere assembled, and marched off toward\\nthe left. This being only intended as an\\nexperiment, the artillery soon ceased\\nfiring; but it is scarcely possible to\\nexpress the general satisfaction which\\nthis success diffused through the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson. The mortar was loaded with\\nfrom 30 lbs. to 28^ lbs. of powder at the\\nusual elevation; the 32-pounder with\\n14, and the 18 with 9 lbs. of pow\u00c2\u00ac\\nder all the latter at an elevation of 42\\ndegrees.\\nThe governor, beside this plan of re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntaliation, devised other schemes to\\ncover and protect his camp, if possible,\\nfrom future attacks. Two brigs were\\nordered to be cut down and converted\\ninto prames, each to carry four or\\nfive heavy cannon; which were to be\\nmoored between the New mole and\\nRagged Staff, at such distance from the\\nworks as to be easily protected, and\\nyet far enough out to keep their boats\\nat a respectful distance. Artificers", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n81\\nfrom the garrison assisted the navy in\\nfitting out these vessels. One of them\\nbeing finished previous to the before-\\nmentioned experiment, was moored at\\nthe distance of about half musket-shot\\nfrom the New mole head. She was\\nnamed the Vanguard, mounted two\\nSpanish 26-pounders, and two twelves,\\nand was rigged like a settee. The\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s squadron, on the 29th, was re\u00c2\u00ac\\ninforced with five xebeques and two\\ngalleys, from the east. At night sailed\\na packet for Faro, in Portugal.\\nThe 2nd July, additional tents were\\npitched at the new camp near the tower,\\nnorth of Algeziras. About one in the\\nmorning of the 4th, the gun-boats re\u00c2\u00ac\\npeated their attack; but contrary to\\ntheir former custom, numbers of their\\nshot and shells fell amongst the ship\u00c2\u00ac\\nping. The Porcupine frigate, Sir\\nCharles Knowles, Bart., and an India-\\nman, each received a shot; and the\\nBrilliant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bottom was struck with a\\nsplinter of a shell, which burst under\\nher; but no particular damage was re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived in the garrison, except two men\\nbeing slightly wounded. The gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor retaliated by ordering six rounds\\nof shot and shells to be fired into their\\ncamp, from the guns and sea-mortars\\nat the Old mole: the cannon were\\npointed indiscriminately for the camp\\nbut the mortars were laid for the fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncine and artillery parks. One of the\\nshells set fire to a hut, and alarmed\\nthem exceedingly. As the governor\\nnow determined to retaliate in this\\nmanner, we were in hopes it would\\ndeter them from so frequently disturb\u00c2\u00ac\\ning us.\\nThe enemy continued making ga\u00c2\u00ac\\nbions, and bringing much wood into the\\ncamp: on the other hand, our people\\nwere employed in repairs, and addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions to the works. Traverses were\\nerected at the Royal battery, and parties\\nwere employed on the north front, from\\nthe rock gun to the Old mole head.\\nThe 10th, a brig coming in from the\\neast was taken by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers,\\nwhich for some weeks past had again\\nkept a very vigilant look-out. The\\ncrew however escaped to the rock; and\\nthey had thrown the letters over-board\\nbefore they abandoned the vessel.\\nThe bombardment, which, by almost\\nimperceptible degrees, had been de\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreasing, on the 12th nearly ceased.\\nThe cannon in their seven and four\u00c2\u00ac\\nteen-gun batteries were all drawn back,\\nto facilitate, as we imagined, the re\u00c2\u00ac\\npairing of the platforms and inner part\\nof the batteries. The 13th some troops\\nat the tower decamped, and in a few\\ndays afterwards a regiment marched\\naway from the Algeziras camp. The\\n15th two settees and a brig sailed from\\nPoint Mala with gabions to the west.\\nOne vessel had sailed thence on the\\n13th. These materials, we conjec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntured, were for some new works in\\nthe neighbourhood; but we were after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards informed that they were taken\\nto Minorca, and were used in the ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproaches carried on against St. Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nTheir firing was now confined to the\\nnight, and unless we provoked them,\\nscarcely ever exceeded thirty rounds.\\nThe Spanish general visited the lines\\non the 18th; but a fire breaking out in\\nhis camp, he returned immediately on\\nits appearance. In the evening the\\ncaissons for the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery being\\ncarried up to Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and the sand\u00c2\u00ac\\nbags brought from Pocoroca clay-pit,\\nthe engineers at dusk, with a party of\\n380 men, began to re-establish the\\nmerlons; and by the morning gun-fire\\nof the 19 th the old sand-bags were re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved, the caissons placed, and filled\\nwith clay, sand, and junk, and the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery made fit for the reception of artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery. The governor was present the\\nwhole time, and expressed the highest\\napprobation of the diligence and activity\\nof the party. The caissons were made\\nof oak timber, joined by strong iron\\nbolts. Whilst they were at work the\\ngun-boats fired upon the camp, and\\nwere seconded by the land batteries on\\nthe town: a hundred and thirty-two\\nrounds were returned on the boats, and\\nsixteen shells thrown into the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncamp. One of the artillery and one of\\nthe 73rd regiment were wounded.\\nThe morning of the 20th the enemy\\nfired a salute from the lines, followed\\nby a feu-de-joie from the army drawn\\nup in two lines in front of their camp,\\nconcluding with a grand discharge from\\ntheir shipping an4 small craft at Alge-\\n6", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "82\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. t.\\nziras. The troops in garrison changed\\nquarters on the 21st: the 39th and\\nHardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiments relieved the\\n72nd, and other detachments in King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nand Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastions, Waterport\\ncasemate, and Picket yard. The 58th,\\n72nd, and 73rd regiments encamped;\\nthe 12th regiment remained on their\\nground, and the 56th, Reden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and La\\nMotte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s occupied the South barracks\\nand other quarters. The enemy on the\\nsame day decamped from the ground\\nnorth of Algeziras. Brigadier Ross\\nsailed on the night of the 22nd in a\\nboat to Faro, in his route to England;\\nand the following day a privateer ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived in eight days from Mahon, with\\na packet. Two days afterwards a boat\\narrived from Portugal. The patron\\ninformed us that the army at that time\\nbefore Gibraltar principally consisted\\nof militia regiments, the regular troops\\nhaving embarked for the West Indies\\nhe further said, that the Spanish fleet\\nhad sailed from Cadiz on a cruise.\\nSoon after this boat arrived a large\\nfleet of upwards of seventy sail ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared from the west: when abreast of\\nEuropa we discovered amongst them a\\nship of the line, two frigates, two cut\u00c2\u00ac\\nters, a bomb-ketch, and several armed\\nvessels: they did not display any\\ncolours. This proved afterwards to be\\nthe fleet which blockaded Mahon, and\\nconveyed the troops which besieged\\nFort St. Philip, under the command of\\nthe Due de Crillon, and captured the\\nisland of Minorca.\\nOur camp was alarmed on the 27th\\nwith the report that the gun-boats\\nwere approaching. The batteries were\\nmanned, and the regiments assembled;\\nbut the enemy not appearing, they re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned to quarters. The signals for\\nseeing the boats in future were ordered\\nto be a false fire, and two guns from the\\nshipping.\\nAugust was introduced by an attack\\nfrom the gun-boats. They came upon\\nus by surprise; for we had no signal\\nfrom our guard-boats. This was after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards accounted for by the enemy\\nhaving taken a circle; by which means\\nour guard-boats, when they began to\\nfire, were without, and the gun-boats\\nbetween them and the garrison. Our\\nfire in return was well served, and ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared to do some execution: twelve\\nlarge shells and fifteen shot were like\u00c2\u00ac\\nwise thrown into the camp from the\\nOld mole: several of the former burst\\njust as they fell, consequently promised\\nto do mischief. Their land batteries\\nseconded the fire from the sea, but we\\ndid not experience any casualties. Two\\ndays afterwards the other prame, called\\nthe Repulse, mounting five twenty-six\\npounders, was moored about musket-\\nshot to the southward of the Vanguard,\\nand the same distance from our bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries. These vessels were of such\\nannoyance to their boats, that whilst\\nthey remained out, we never afterwards\\nwere so much disturbed at the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward.\\nThe artillery at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s endeavoured\\non the 4th to set fire to the canes and\\nweeds in the gardens; but they were\\ntoo full of sap to take fire. This at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempt attracted a brisk cannonade for\\nsome time from the enemy. Early in\\nthe morning of the 6th a shell fell into\\na tent behind General La Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s quar\u00c2\u00ac\\nters, at the southward, in which were\\ntwo men of the 58th, asleep. They\\nwere not awakened by its fall; but a\\nserjeant in an adjacent tent heard it,\\nand ran near forty yards to a place of\\nsafety, when he recollected the situa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of his friends. Thinking the shell\\nhad fallen blind, he returned and\\nawakened them: both immediately\\nrose, but continued by the place, de\u00c2\u00ac\\nbating on the narrow escape they had\\nhad, when the shell exploded, and\\nforced them with great violence against\\nthe garden-wall, but miraculously did\\nno further mischief than destroying\\neverything in the tent.\\nOn the morning of the 7tb, before\\nthe haze was quite dispelled in the Gut,\\na signal for an enemy was made by the\\nSpaniards at Cabrita Point. As the\\nfog dispersed we discovered at a con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable distance a vessel becalmed,\\nbut rowing towards the garrison with\\nthe current. Fourteen gun-bOats were\\nthen advancing from Algeziras to in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntercept her: upon which Captain Curtis,\\nof the Brilliant, ordered out Sir Charles\\nKnowles, with three barges, to en\u00c2\u00ac\\ndeavour to get alongside, and receive", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n83\\nany dispatches the vessel might have\\non board, whilst he attended the tow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning out of the Vanguard and Repulse\\nprames, to cover them and protect her.\\nSir Charles personally executed his\\norders, and returned with a packet for\\nthe governor. The vessel by this time\\nwas about a league and a half from the\\ngarrison, and the headmost gun-boat\\nwithin shot, advancing apparently with\\nan intent to board: stopping, however,\\nat the distance of a few hundred yards,\\nshe poured in a discharge of round\\nand grape shot, and was immediately\\nseconded by her consorts astern. The\\nvessel, which we now discovered to\\nbe a king\u00e2\u0080\u0099s sloop-of-war, returned the\\nsalute with a broadside, and musketry\\nfrom her quarter-deck; and a spirited\\naction commenced. Appearances at\\nthis juncture were so greatly in favour\\nof the Spaniards, that the garrison gave\\nup the sloop for lost. Becalmed a\\nleague from the rock, and fourteen\\ngun-boats, each carrying a twenty-six\\npounder, full of men, cannonading her\\non every side with grape and round\\nshot; a xebeque also bearing down\\nwith a gentle breeze, were circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstances which seemed to preclude the\\npossibility of escape. After maintain\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, however, a very warm, judicious,\\nand well-served fire, often obliging the\\nboats to retire, the westerly breeze at\\nlast reached her; and not long after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards she was safe under our guns.\\nShe proved to be the Helena sloop-\\nof-war, fourteen small guns, Captain\\nRoberts, in fourteen days from Eng\u00c2\u00ac\\nland. Her loss during this action was\\nmuch less than could have been pos\u00c2\u00ac\\nsibly imagined, when we considered\\nthe showers of grape and round shot\\nthat every instant surrounded her: she\\nhad only one killed and two wounded\\nbut her upper rigging and sails were\\nmuch cut and injured. We attributed\\nthe hull\u00e2\u0080\u0099s being scarcely touched to the\\nconstruction of the gun-boats; for,\\nbeing originally intended to annoy at a\\ndistance, their cannon could not be de\u00c2\u00ac\\npressed. The enemy however did not\\nescape so well: numbers were seen to\\ndrop in the boats from the musketry\\nof the sloop, and several were towed\\noff disabled; which were very con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvincing proofs that their loss was con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable.\\nA settee was taken on the 12th by the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers. The crew, except\u00c2\u00ac\\ning three Jew passengers, escaped to\\nthe garrison: they informed us that\\ngreat preparations were making in the\\nFrench and Spanish ports for some\\ngrand expedition: the object was how\u00c2\u00ac\\never kept secret; but many at Minorca\\nsuspected St. Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s to be the place.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bombardment, if we\\nmay now call it by that name, scarcely\\nexceeded, at this time, three shells in\\nthe 24 hours, which the soldiers (con\u00c2\u00ac\\njecturing that some allusion might be\\nintended, by that superstitious nation,\\nto the sacred Trinity) jocosely, though\\nprofanely termed, Father, Son, and\\nHoly Ghost. It is not indeed alto\u00c2\u00ac\\ngether improbable that the Spaniards\\nmight entertain some bigoted respect\\nfor that mystical number, and, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsidering the British in the light of\\nheretics, might apprehend some efficacy\\nfrom it, in the great work of converting\\nthe garrison to the Catholic faith: at\\nleast, it is difficult, on any more reason\u00c2\u00ac\\nable ground, to account for their ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nactly continuing to fire neither more\\nnor less, for so considerable a period.\\nThe mention of this circumstance\\nbrings to my recollection another, of a\\nridiculous nature, which serves to de\u00c2\u00ac\\nmonstrate the thoughtlessness of the\\nEnglish soldiers, who can jest in the hour\\nof danger, and indulge their prejudices\\nat the expense of what other nations,\\nhowever differing in sentiment, gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nrally agree to hold in a degree of\\nrespect. It is first to be remembered,\\nthat, according to the articles of capitu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlation by which the garrison was sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrendered to Admiral Sir George Rooke,\\nit was stipulated that the inhabitants\\nshould be tolerated in their religion:\\nthe old Spanish church was therefore\\ncontinued as a place of worship for\\nthose of the Roman Catholic persua\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion, and, as is usual in Roman Ca\u00c2\u00ac\\ntholic churches, was decorated, amongst\\nothers, with figures, as large as life, of\\nour Saviour and the Virgin Mary.\\nAt the commencement of the firing,\\nwhen the soldiers were engaged in a\\nsuccession of irregularities, a party of\\nG 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "84\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\nthem assembled in the Spanish church,\\nto carouse and be merry. In the midst\\nof their jollity, the image of the Virgin\\nMary was observed in the ruins by one\\nof the party, who instantly proposed,\\nas a piece of fun, to place her ladyship\\nin the whirligig.* The scheme seemed\\nto meet with general approbation, till\\none, wiser than the rest, stopped them\\nwith a remark, that it would ill become\\nthem, as military men, and particularly\\nEnglishmen, to punish any person with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout a trial. A court-martial conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquently sat, with mock ceremony; and\\nher ladyship was found guilty of\\ndrunkenness, debauchery, and other\\nhigh crimes, and condemned to the\\nwhirligig, whither she was immedi\u00c2\u00ac\\nately carried in procession. The go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor (who, notwithstanding the fir\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, regularly attended the parade), at\\nguard-mounting discovered the poor\\nVirgin in confinement; but expressed\\nhis disapprobation of the action, and\\nordered her instantly to be removed to\\nthe White Convent, where, by the bye,\\nshe was by no means exempt from\\nfiirther insult and disgrace. If a bi\u00c2\u00ac\\ngoted Spaniard could have beheld this\\ntransaction, he probably would have\\nthought the English worse than here\u00c2\u00ac\\ntics; and would have concluded, that\\ntheir impiety could not fail to attract\\nthe special vengeance of Heaven.\\nThe night of the 15th, the gun and\\nmortar boats bombarded our camp;\\ntheir disposition extending from off Lit\u00c2\u00ac\\ntle bay to the Old mole head their fire,\\nas had been the custom for some time\\nbefore, was seconded by a brisk can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade from the lines, which was\\nvery judiciously served. Many of their\\nshells burst in the air, over our ship\u00c2\u00ac\\nping; but the ships continued silent.\\nOur artillery retaliated from the Old\\nmole head, and small shells were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharged from the elevated guns, which\\nseemed to answer very well. One of\\nthe 72nd regiment was killed; two of\\nthe artillery, and two of the 73rd, with\\na boy, an inhabitant, were wounded.\\nIn this attack, a shell fell amongst\\nA machine erected at the bottom of the\\nGrand parade, for the punishment of scolding\\nwomen, or others guilty of trifling misde\u00c2\u00ac\\nmeanors.\\nsome naval stores, in a ground-ward\\nof the Naval hospital; and the most\\ndreadful consequences might have been\\nexpected from this accident, if the fire\\nhad not been happily extinguished by\\nthe picket, which the governor had\\nordered, some time before, to assemble\\nhere, to prevent, if possible, such ca\u00c2\u00ac\\nsualties. The other picket, which\\nmounted at the southward, was sta\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned for the same purpose at the\\nNew mole.\\nA schooner arrived from Faro on\\nthe 17th, with fruit, onions, and salt.\\nIn the evening, a flag of truce came\\nfrom the enemy, in answer to ours of\\nthe preceding day. The day follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, another boat arrived from Faro:\\nshe brought a packet, with some pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvate letters from Lisbon, which inti\u00c2\u00ac\\nmated the probability of our receiving\\na visit from the combined fleet, then\\ncruising off Cadiz. At night several\\nguns were heard in the Gut, and a\\nnumber of signals made at the point.\\nThe succeeding morning, his Ma\u00c2\u00ac\\njesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cutter the Kite arrived from\\nEngland, with duplicates of the He\u00c2\u00ac\\nlena\u00e2\u0080\u0099s dispatches. In her passage she\\nengaged a French cutter of 20 guns,\\nand had three men killed and six\\nwounded. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers en\u00c2\u00ac\\ndeavoured to intercept her, but were\\ndriven to leeward. A boat also ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrived about the same time from Por\u00c2\u00ac\\ntugal.\\nThe firing from the garrison now\\nvaried according as the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s par\u00c2\u00ac\\nties presented themselves: at this pe\u00c2\u00ac\\nriod they were busy in repairing Fort\\nSt. Philip, and in securing their works\\nagainst the approaching rainy season.\\nOur engineers were repairing the com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunications and batteries at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\nc. A soldier of the 73rd deserted to\\nthe enemy the 25th: he had been\\nabsent from his corps five days, during\\nwhich time he had concealed himself\\non the rock. Hunger probably press\u00c2\u00ac\\ning him, he determined to make a\\nbold attempt to get off: accordingly\\nstuffing a sand-bag with grass, he\\ncame to Landport, and placing, unob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved, the bag upon the spikes of the\\npalisades, jumped, unhurt, on the\\nglacis; then running over the cause-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n85\\nway, he soon cleared Bay-side barrier,\\nand, though many hundred rounds of\\nmusketry were fired from Landport and\\nthe Lines guards, he escaped. He was\\nthe fourth man lost by desertion in the\\ncourse of six weeks.\\nEarly the 27th, four men, who had\\nbeen impressed from a privateer in the\\nbay, deserted from the Repulse prame.\\nThe next morning we were visited\\nagain by the gun and mortar boats;\\nbut they scarcely staid one-third of\\ntheir former time. We returned 9\\nshot and 58 shells, which, from the\\nshrieks and piteous cries we heard,\\nmust have done execution. We an\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoyed them in camp from the Old\\nmole, as usual; and the artillery at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempted to reach them from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\nbut in vain. In this attack a wounded\\nmatross was killed by a shell in the\\nhospital. The circumstances attending\\nthis man\u00e2\u0080\u0099s case are so melancholy and\\naffecting, that I cannot pass them over\\nin silence. Some time previous to this\\nevent, he had been so unlucky as to\\nbreak his thigh being a man of great\\nspirits, he ill brooked the confinement\\nwhich his case demanded, and exerted\\nhimself to get abroad, that he might\\nenjoy the benefit of the fresh air in the\\ncourt of the hospital: unfortunately, in\\none of his playful moments, he fell,\\nand was obliged to take to his bed\\nagain. He was in this situation when\\na shell from the mortar boats fell into\\nthe ward, and rebounding, lodged upon\\nhim. The convalescents and sick, in\\nthe same room, instantly summoned\\nstrength to crawl out on bands and\\nknees, while the fuse was burning; but\\nthis wretched victim was kept down\\nby the weight of the shell, which,\\nafter some seconds, burst, took off both\\nhis legs, and scorched him in a dreadful\\nmanner: but, what was still more\\nhorrid, he survived the explosion, and\\nwas sensible to the very moment that\\ndeath relieved him from his misery.\\nHis last words were expressive of re\u00c2\u00ac\\ngret that he had not been killed on the\\nbatteries.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s attention to the block\u00c2\u00ac\\nade seemed now to be revived. Their\\ncruisers were increased, and constantly\\non the watch. The force in the bay\\nat this time was one ship of the line, a\\nxebeque having a broad pendant, a fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngate, and five xebeques, with the gun\\nand mortar boats, and small armed\\ncraft. The arrangement of these ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels for the purpose of blockading the\\ngarrison appeared to be as follows\\nWhen the wind was west, two xe\u00c2\u00ac\\nbeques and four gun-boats anchored at\\nCabrita Point, cruising at night at the\\nentrance of the bay and in the straits;\\nwhen easterly, the frigate, xebeques,\\nand four gun-boats cruised some be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween Ceuta and Europa, and others in\\nthe Gut; one xebeque was generally\\nobserved to lie-to off Europa Point, at\\nthe entrance of the bay. Though this\\ndisposition apparently obstructed all\\nintercourse between the garrison and\\nour friends in Portugal and Minorca,\\nyet opportunities sometimes occurred\\nwhen boats slipped out unobserved, and\\nreturned with the same success.\\nThe evening of the 30th, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncannonade, which, except when the\\nboats fired on our camp, seldom ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded three shells in the 24 hours,\\nwas pretty smart for an hour or two,\\noccasioned by our firing on their work\u00c2\u00ac\\ning parties. Such starts of retaliation\\nthey were often provoked to by our an\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoying their workmen in the batteries.\\nThe prames had be\u00e2\u0080\u0099en found so use\u00c2\u00ac\\nful that, in the beginning of September,\\nthe navy began to fit up the Fortune\\nsloop, in order to add to their number.\\nThe 5th, a flag of truce from the enemy\\nbrought over- Pratts, an inhabit\u00c2\u00ac\\nant of Gibraltar, who had been taken\\nby the Spaniards in the Fox packet,\\nabout 12 months before, and whom, as\\nit was said, the enemy for some time\\nhad objected to exchange. By this\\nman we were informed that the Due\\nde Crillon, with 10,000 men, had\\nlanded at Minorca, and that it was\\nreported he was to be joined by a\\nFrench army from Toulon. The even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning of the 7th, the captain at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nagain endeavoured to set fire to the\\nweeds, c. in the gardens, which, from\\ntheir height, afforded great cover to\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s advanced sentries; and in\\nexecuting these orders a brisk can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade was returned by the enemy,\\nwhich continued till daybreak. Our", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "86\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\ncarcasses and light balls frequently\\ntook effect, but the canes were too green\\nto be burnt to any purpose. In the\\ncourse of this firing, several shot from\\nthe lines ranged as far as the South\\nbarracks and New mole. Great num\u00c2\u00ac\\nbers of gabions were now observed in\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fascine park.\\nThe evening of the 12th, they fired\\na grand salute from their lines and\\nshipping, and a feu-de-joie in camp.\\nAfter the salute, they continued to can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade from the lines, though for some\\ndays before they had only fired their\\nmystical number, three, in the 24 hours.\\nWe imagined this salute to be on ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncount of the Due de Crillon having\\ngained some advantage at Minorca.\\nIn the course of their firing, on the\\n15th, a circumstance happened similar\\nto one which occurred in May, and\\nboth of them may be considered as ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntraordinary. A shell from the lines\\nfell upon the rock, above the Red sands,\\nand glanced off in a direction nearly at\\nright angles with its range: it rolled\\nto the bottom of the Princess of Wales\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlines, burst on the platform of one of\\nthe 32 -pounders, and a splinter cutting\\nthe apron of the gun, fired it off. The\\nshot took away the railing at the foot\\nof the glacis, and lodged in the line-\\nwall near Ragged Staff.\\nWe observed, on the 16th, that the\\nenemy, during the preceding night,\\nhad thrown up three banks of sand in\\nzigzags, beginning at the centre of the\\nfourth branch of approach, which\\nseemed intended as a line of direction\\nfor a new communication to the St.\\nCarlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. In the evening,\\nthe governor ordered the artillery\\nto direct a brisk fire on this work,\\nwhich was continued till daybreak\\nof the 17th. The enemy returned\\nthe fire reluctantly, from a wish,\\nas we imagined, not to increase\\nours. The next morning, we observed\\nthey had retained the sand thrown up\\nthe preceding night with casks; and\\nfrom the materials seen in the vicinity\\nof the works, other additions seemed\\nintended to be made. At night, Crou-\\nchett\u00e2\u0080\u0099s howitzer battery and Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion were opened, and, with Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\nc., were kept constantly going. About\\nmidnight the gun-boats, attended by a\\nbomb-ketch, as we conjectured, came\\nover, and, contrary to their former\\npractice, directed their fire towards\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, the lines, and north end of the\\ntown. So determined were they to\\nland their shells, that one went over\\nthe rock, and many fell on the hill;\\nand, in attempting to imitate us in\\nbursting their shells in the air, several\\nexploded in their mortars. They staid\\ntwo hours and a half, and expended\\n130 shells and 87 shot, and their land\\nbatteries were not so sparing as the\\nnight before. We returned a smart\\nfire on both sea and land, and retaliated\\non their camp, as usual.\\nA shell, during the above attack,\\nfell in an embrasure opposite the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlines bomb-proof, killed one of the\\n73rd, and wounded another of the\\nsame corps. The case of the latter\\nwas singular, and will serve to enforce\\nthe maxim, that, even in the most dan\u00c2\u00ac\\ngerous cases, we should never despair\\nof a recovery whilst life remains. This\\nunfortunate man was knocked down by\\nthe wind of the shell, which, instantly\\nbursting, killed his companion, and\\nmangled him in a most dreadful man\u00c2\u00ac\\nner. His head was terribly fractured,\\nhis left arm broken in two places, one\\nof his legs shattered, the skin and\\nmuscles torn off part of his right hand,\\nthe middle finger broken to pieces, and\\nhis whole body most severely bruised,\\nand marked with gunpowder. He pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsented so horrid an object to the sur\u00c2\u00ac\\ngeons, that they had not the smallest\\nhopes of saving his life, and were at a\\nloss what part to attend to first. He was\\nthat evening trepanned, a few days after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards his leg was amputated, and other\\nwounds and fractures dressed. Being\\npossessed of a most excellent consti\u00c2\u00ac\\ntution, nature performed wonders in his\\nfavour, and in eleven weeks the cure\\nwas completely effected. His name is\\nDonald Ross, and he long continued to\\nenjoy his sovereign\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bounty in a pen\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion of 9d. a day for life. A non-com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmissioned officer of artillery also lost\\nhis thigh on Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion and a\\nprivate of the 12th regiment both his\\nlegs: the latter died soon after the am\u00c2\u00ac\\nputation was performed.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n87\\nThe morning of the 18th, a deserter\\nfrom the Spanish guards came in from\\nthe St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. He was pursued\\nby four of the enemy, but in vain. He\\ngave information of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s inten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion to erect some new batteries. About\\nten o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock in the evening, a shell from\\nthe lines fell into a house opposite the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, where the town-major,\\nCaptain Burke, with Majors Mercier\\nand Vignoles, of the 39th regiment,\\nwere sitting. The shell took off Major\\nBurke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s thigh, afterwards fell through\\nthe floor into the cellar; there it burst,\\nand forced the flooring, with the unfor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunate major, to the ceiling. When\\nassistance came, they found Major\\nBurke almost buried amongst the ruins\\nof the room. He was instantly con\u00c2\u00ac\\nveyed to the hospital, where he died\\nsoon after the wounded part was am\u00c2\u00ac\\nputated, much lamented by his friends\\nas an amiable and worthy member of\\nsociety, and by the governor as an\\nindefatigable officer. Majors Mercier\\nand Vignoles had time to escape be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore the shell burst: they were never\u00c2\u00ac\\ntheless slightly wounded by the splin\u00c2\u00ac\\nters; as were a serjeant of the 39th,\\nand his daughter, who were in the cel\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar underneath when the shell entered.\\nThis house had escaped almost un\u00c2\u00ac\\ntouched duriug the warmest period of\\nthe bombardment, till this unfortunate\\nshell fell in, which deprived the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson of this active and valuable officer.\\nThe enemy did not increase their\\nworks the succeeding day, but de\u00c2\u00ac\\nbouched the fourth branch of the ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproach about the centre. In the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the Helena and Kite, with a\\nprivateer, left the bay for England,\\nand a schooner for Portugal. Lieut.\\nLowe, of the 12th, who had lost his\\nleg, and the invalids, went home in the\\nformer. Our firing was increased at\\nnight by the Catalan batteries; and\\nCrouchett\u00e2\u0080\u0099s was still kept open. The\\n20th, Captain Fowlis, of the 73rd, was\\nappointed town-major.\\nOur working parties were employed\\nby the engineers, on the 21st, in re\u00c2\u00ac\\npairing Princess Caroline\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, at\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, which, owing to the spirited\\nbehaviour and example of the officers,\\nwas cleared, the caissons placed, filled,\\nand the battery completed, before night,\\nunder a most heavy fire from the\\nenemy. When the work was finished,\\nthe party desired to give three cheers,\\nbut they were overruled by the captain\\nof artillery, who recommended to salute\\nthe enemy with three rounds from each\\ngun; which was immediately put in\\nexecution. The party had not a man\\nmaterially hurt during the warm can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade but, in returning to be dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nmissed, a serjeant of La Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, who\\nhad braved the dangers of the day, was\\nkilled by a random shot below the\\nartillery guard. Our firing continued\\nwith great vivacity on the 22nd, parti\u00c2\u00ac\\ncularly with small shells from the\\nRoyal battery, Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion. These were kept going in the\\nday; and at night these batteries, with\\nthe Catalans, Crouchett\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and batteries\\nat the entrance of the lines, were in\\naction. The enemy, in return, were\\nnot sparing of ammunition in the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding 24 hours they fired 775 shot,\\nand 57 shells. The garrison discharged\\n773 rounds of different species.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s new works were erected\\nwith casks, covered and retained by\\nfascines, with sand in the front. About\\n200 men appeared to be employed in\\nthe day; but they were often compelled\\nto retire, our ordnance was so well\\nserved and directed. The gun-boats,\\non the morning of the 24th, visited us\\nas usual; and it was thought that a\\nbomb-ketch again attended them. They\\npointed their fire principally towards\\nthe Victualling-office, in town, and\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s: some shells fell in the New\\nmole, but few ashore at the southward.\\nWe returned their fire, and retaliated\\nfrom the Old mole on their camp.\\nEarly in the morning of the 25th,\\nthe fascine capping of the merlons of\\nFort Barbara took fire from the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nguns, and burnt extremely fierce. The\\nofficer at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s immediately directed\\na brisk fire on the fort, which the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor afterwards increased by opening\\nthe Grand battery. The firing, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, from the latter did not answer so\\nwell as was expected, owing, perhaps,\\nto the unevenness of the platforms,\\nwhich were of stone, and much worn.\\nNevertheless, the enemy were obliged", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "88\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\nto evacuate the fort without extinguish\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the fire. At daybreak we saw only\\nfive fascine merlons standing; the other\\nseven were all destroyed, with some\\ngun-carriages, traverses on the ram\u00c2\u00ac\\npart, and fascine-work in the ditch.\\nWe imagined that this accident would\\nrender the fort useless for some time\\nbut they convinced us that our conclu\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions were premature, by firing, pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nbably out of bravado, a few shot in the\\ncourse of the day, which killed one of\\nthe 58th, and wounded another. In\\nthe morning, about seven, the Flying-\\nfish cutter, of 20 guns, arrived with\\nordnance stores and intrenching tools;\\nshe informed us that government had\\nengaged 20 cutters, of her force, for\\nthe same purpose. A xebeque and four\\ngun-boats opposed her passage, but in\\nvain.\\nThe 26th, Lieut. Clarke, of the 56th,\\ndied of a decline. In the course of the\\nday, the enemy began to clear Fort\\nBarbara, and in the evening to lay\\nfascines (a great number of which were\\nin the neighbourhood of the fort) to\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards repairing it. Our fire continued\\nto be well directed, and considerably\\nannoyed them. The 27th, a man was\\ndiscovered near Catalan bay, by the\\nguard at Middle-hill. A party of the\\nnavy immediately went round, and\\ntook him up. He proved to be a de\u00c2\u00ac\\nserter from the 72nd regiment; but the\\nwretch was so famished with hunger,\\nand so bruised in getting down the\\nrock, that his life was despaired of.\\nThe 28th, the enemy capped two mer\u00c2\u00ac\\nlons of Fort Barbara. Their parties\\nwere very diligent in making gabions\\nand fascines; the former, we imagined,\\nwere removed, as they were finished,\\nto the lines and advanced works, as we\\nhad observed several behind the fourth\\nand fifth branches of the approach.\\nThis circumstance, with their unusual\\nactivity in completing others, confirmed\\nour late intelligence, that they intended\\nadditional batteries near the St. Car\u00c2\u00ac\\nlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nThe firing from the garrison now\\nexceeded 700 rounds in the 24 hours;\\nand the enemy frequently returned\\n800, and sometimes more. Our casual\u00c2\u00ac\\nties consequently began again to be\\npretty frequent amongst our parties,\\nwhich, in a great measure, was owing\\nto the want of prudence in the men,\\nwho were become so habituated to the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire as scarcely to regard their\\nshot; and in fact, if a shell were at\\ntheir feet, it was almost necessary for\\nthe officers to caution them to avoid its\\neffects. It was really wonderful to\\nbehold with what undaunted coolness\\nthey persisted in their several occupa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions, though exposed to the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nwhole artillery: indeed the generality\\nappeared totally callous to every sense\\nof danger.\\nBoth sides continued indefatigable in\\ntheir operations. The enemy finished\\ntwo or three merlons in Fort Barbara,\\nerected traverses near the tower, in the\\nrear of the new communication, and\\nwere continually bringing large quan\u00c2\u00ac\\ntities of fascines, c. to the lines. On\\nthe other hand, our engineers caissoned\\nthe terrace batteries, replaced the sand\u00c2\u00ac\\nbags before the merlons of the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, and had parties daily employed\\nin repairs. The 30th, a soldier of the\\n72nd lost his legs by a shot from Fort\\nBarbara, from which they continued\\noccasionally to fire. He bore amputa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion with prodigious firmness, but died\\nsoon after, through the loss of blood,\\nprevious to his being brought to the\\nhospital. This fact being represented\\nto the governor, the serjeants of the\\ndifferent regiments were ordered to at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntend the hospital, to be taught by the\\nsurgeons how to apply the tourniquets;\\nwhich was afterwards productive of\\nvery beneficial consequences. Tourni\u00c2\u00ac\\nquets were also distributed to the dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nferent guards, to be at hand in case of\\nnecessity.\\nThe enemy for several days had\\nmade very little addition to the new\\ncommunication, and the third return\\nappeared still unfinished. A party of\\nthe enemy was however discovered\\nfrom Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, on the evening of the\\n1st of October, working to the west of\\nthe St. Carlos battery; and they per\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisting in their labour, our fire was in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreased from the batteries below, which\\nbrought on a warm return. At day\u00c2\u00ac\\nbreak we observed, at the extremity of\\nthe new approach, a large epaulment.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n89\\nof forty-five gabions long, two in height,\\nand four or five in breadth. On the\\ntop were several layers of sand-bags,\\nand sand was banked up to protect it\\nin front. It was situated within the\\nwestern place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes of the St. Car\u00c2\u00ac\\nlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, towards the beach, in a\\ndirection forming a very obtuse angle\\nwith the front of the above battery.\\nOur engineers immediately agreed that\\nthis epaulment was intended for mor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntars which induced the governor, in\\nthe course of the 2nd, to order two\\nembrasures (masked at the Old mole\\nhead, to cover the mortars which we\\nusually fired into their camp) to be\\nopened, and two howitzers to be kept\\nin action from thence. At night, our\\nfiring at intervals was so astonishingly\\nbrisk, that the whole north front, from\\nthe rock gun to the Mole head, was\\nobscured in smoke. This fire was con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued, with little intermission, till\\ndaybreak; and though the enemy did\\nnot return it warmly, they made up for\\ntheir silence the succeeding day. Dur\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the 24 hours they discharged 1263\\nrounds, and the preceding day 1948;\\nwhich to us was a proof that they were\\nconsiderably galled by our fire.\\nWe had observed, for some weeks,\\na party of the enemy erecting a build\u00c2\u00ac\\ning upon an eminence near the stone\\nquarry, under the Queen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nChair, which at length turned out to be\\nI a signal tower; but no use was made\\nof it till the beginning of this month,\\nwhen we discovered that it was in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended to give information to their\\nbatteries in the lines when our work\u00c2\u00ac\\ning-parties were going up the hill. On\\ntheir marching up, the morning of the\\n3rd, a signal was made from the tower,\\nand their batteries immediately in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreased their fire on the heights: on\\ntheir return in the evening, the signal\\nwas repeated. This practice they con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued for some time. At night, the\\nbody of a soldier of the 12th regiment,\\nwho attempted to swim to the enemy\\nfrom Waterport, was discovered float\u00c2\u00ac\\ning near the Repulse prame. The\\nsailors on the watch, imagining some\\nlarge fish had got foul of their cable,\\ndarted a harpoon into the body, but\\nsoon found out their mistake. The\\nsucceeding morning, we observed that\\nthe enemy had thrown up a cover from\\nthe eastern shoulder of the new battery\\nto the western magazine of the St. Car\u00c2\u00ac\\nlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s they also raised a shoulder on the\\nwestern extremity, and erected five tra\u00c2\u00ac\\nverses in the rear.\\nOur firing, on the 4th, was ordered\\nto be diminished; only Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and\\nthe hill batteries were kept going: few\\nshot were now used, as the enemy\\nseemed to pay little attention to them\\nand we had ocular proofs daily of the\\nannoyance from the small shells, which\\nimmediately made them desist, and get\\nunder cover. The same day a mutiny\\nwas discovered on board his Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncutter the Speedwell, Lieut. Gibson;\\nand four of the ringleaders were seized\\nand confined. The plan of this con\u00c2\u00ac\\nspiracy was to murder the officers of\\nthe watch, cut the cable, and run away\\nwith the vessel to Algeziras, where they\\ncomputed she would sell for a handsome\\nsum, which was to be equally divided\\namongst the people interested, who were\\nthen to depart for England. Near\\nhalf the crew were concerned; and the\\nsame evening, if the wind continued\\nfavourable, the scheme was to have\\nbeen put in execution. Happily one of\\nthe party (I believe a Spanish deserter)\\nconfessed in time to render the whole\\nabortive. It was somewhat singular\\nthat Mr. Gibson had been so unfor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunate, when in England, as to have the\\ncutter he then commanded run away\\nwith by the crew into a French port,\\nwhilst he and his officers were ashore.\\nThe enemy, on the night of the 4th,\\nthrew up a line of casks and sand, ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntending upwards of 60 feet in a paral\u00c2\u00ac\\nlel line to the front of St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nSome additions were also made to the\\nnew battery. The raising of the former\\nwork induced many to believe that\\nthey were come at last to the deter\u00c2\u00ac\\nmination of besieging the garrison in\\nform and that this, with other works\\nto be erected, would be the first paral\u00c2\u00ac\\nlel of attack. It was a lucky circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstance, in some respects, to have an\\nenemy so tardy in their operations.\\nOur troops were now accustomed, by\\nsix months\u00e2\u0080\u0099 bombardment, to the dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharge and effect of heavy artillery:", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "90\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. t.\\ntheir firing had pointed out our weak\\nplaces, which the governor and engi\u00c2\u00ac\\nneers had been indefatigable in strength\u00c2\u00ac\\nening, so that the garrison was now\\nreally in a better state of defence than\\nat the commencement of the bombard\u00c2\u00ac\\nment In the nights of the 5th and 6th,\\nthe parallel, as we called the line to the\\neast, was extended about 100 feet, and\\nthe new mortar battery raised with\\nfascines. Small traverses were also\\nmade in the rear of the new approach\\nfrom the fourth branch.\\nThe gun and mortar boats had now\\nbeen absent some time; probably ow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to the repairs which the mortar\\nboats necessarily demanded. On the\\nevening of the 7th they, however, re\u00c2\u00ac\\nnewed their visit, much earlier than\\nwas customary, and staid upwards of\\ntwo hours. Their shot seemed all di\u00c2\u00ac\\nrected at our prames, whilst their\\nshells, the fuses of which were remark\u00c2\u00ac\\nably dark, were thrown ashore. They\\nfired about 300 shot and 23 shells,\\nkilled one of the 73rd, and wounded\\ntwo of the 12th. We returned 43\\nshot, 16 grape, and 279 shells. The\\n8th, two mortars were mounted in the\\nnew mortar battery; and from the\\npickets marked for the platforms, we\\nconcluded it would mount eight mor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntars. In the afternoon a shell fell into\\na house in town, in which Ensign\\nStephens, of the 39th, was sitting\\nimagining himself not safe where he\\nwas, he quitted the room to get to a\\nmore secure place; but just as he passed\\nthe door the shell burst, and a splinter\\nmortally wounded him in the reins, and\\nanother took off his leg. He was con\u00c2\u00ac\\nveyed to the hospital, and had suffered\\namputation before the surgeons dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered the mortal wound in his body.\\nHe died about seven o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, much re\u00c2\u00ac\\ngretted as a promising young officer.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parties appearing nu\u00c2\u00ac\\nmerous within the new works, our\\nfiring from the garrison was increased\\non the llth, and was as briskly re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned. The governor, however, or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered the artillery to be less profuse\\nin future, unless some casualty de\u00c2\u00ac\\nmanded an additional fire for their\\nloss, he was of opinion, bore no pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nportion to our expenditure. Our small\\nshells were also decreasing very fast;\\nand the enemy appeared too well\\ncovered with traverses in the new works\\nto be much annoyed by them. The\\nsucceeding day our fire scarcely ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded a hundred rounds; and the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s was equally diminished.\\nTheir naval force before Gibraltar\\nat this time was rather insignificant,\\nthough perfectly sufficient for the block\u00c2\u00ac\\nade. Most of their xebeques had left\\nthe station, as we imagined, to block\\nup Mahon and only one line-of-battle\\nship, one frigate, one xebeque, and two\\nbomb-ketches, with the small craft and\\ngun-boats, remained in the bay. The\\n13th, the governor ordered our lower\\nbatteries to be silent, in order to prove\\nwhether the enemy could be diverted\\nfrom firing on the town, as their bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries, contrary to the usual practice of\\nbesiegers, seemed to be guided in a\\ngreat measure by ours and the man\u00c2\u00ac\\noeuvre had the desired effect. Their\\nparties were now employed chiefly in\\nfinishing the interior part of the new\\nmortar battery.\\nThe garrison, on the 15th, fired only\\nforty rounds; and the enemy did not\\nexceed double the number. The night\\nof the 18th, they were heard hard at\\nwork; but this circumstance produced\\nno additional fire from us, as our artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery had been limited to a certain\\nquantity since the governor ordered\\nthe firing to decrease. The subsequent\\nmorning we observed they had erected\\na battery, of six embrasures, joining\\nthe second branch of the new com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunication, and bearing on Waterport\\nand the town, about 1200 yards from\\nthe Grand battery: only four merlons\\nappeared finished; the other three\\nwere in a rude state, with a number of\\nfascines, pickets, and planks lying about\\nthe work, and at the debouchure of the\\nfourth branch. The governor, in the\\nmorning of the 19th, ordered a warm\\nfire on the new battery, which the enemy\\ninstantly returned. One of our car\u00c2\u00ac\\ncasses set fire to the first branch of the\\nnew approach, and it burnt for some\\ntime. The following morning we\\nfound they had removed the sand to\\nextinguish the fire, and displaced\\nmany of the fascines, which, with other", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n91\\nmaterials, were lying in a confused\\nmanner in the vicinity of the breach.\\nThe night of the 20th, we were\\nvisited by the gun-boats; but their\\nstay was much shorter than usual,\\nowing to the springing up of a brisk\\neasterly wind: one of their shells\\nslightly wounded Assistant engineer\\nEvans. This attack, we imagined, was\\nintended to engage our attention from\\nthe land side, where the enemy were\\nheard busily at work it had not, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, that effect, as our batteries di\u00c2\u00ac\\nrected an additional fire, and continued\\nit the whole night. At daybreak we\\nfound they had repaired the breach\\nmade by the fire, and strengthened the\\nmerlons of their gun battery with\\ngabions and sand heaped up in front.\\nThe situation of this battery afforded\\na more serious appearance than any\\noperations yet undertaken by the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy. Colonel Tovey, the commandant\\nof artillery, therefore recommended to\\nthe governor to open upon it, without\\nloss of time, from such heavy guns and\\nhowitzers as might be soon brought to\\nbear upon it; assisted, at the same\\ntime, with some thirteen-inch shells, and\\na few red-hot shot from an eighteen-\\npounder or two. The following morn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the enemy had almost completed\\nthe battery; the governor was there\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore induced to comply with the repre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsentation of Colonel Tovey, and ordered\\nthe upper batteries, c. to be opened\\non the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works, and to continue\\nto fire from his direction. About four\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock in the afternoon of the 22nd\\n(a captain and two subalterns, with the\\nartillery picket, manning the lower\\nbatteries) the firing commenced, and\\nwas continued with unremitting spirit\\nand regularity the remainder of the\\nevening and night. The enemy, in\\nreturn, discharged repeated volleys from\\ntheir lines; but to little purpose. Our\\nartillery soon drove them from the\\nbattery, which frequently was set on\\nfire by the carcasses, but extinguished.\\nOn the morning of the 23rd we had\\nthe mortification to find, that, notwith\u00c2\u00ac\\nstanding the heavy fire kept up on it in\\nthe night, five of the embrasures were\\nmasked with sand-bags, to enable the\\nwhole better to resist the effect of our\\nshells. The work was nevertheless\\nconsiderably damaged, though not in a\\ndegree equal to our expense in am\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunition. The firing at noon was\\ntherefore ordered to cease, as we had\\nexpended 1596 shot, 530 shells (most\\nof a heavy nature), 10 carcasses, and\\n2 light balls. It must appear almost\\nincredible, that a battery at such a dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntance should be able to resist such\\nheavy ordnance, without being levelled\\nto the ground; but indeed few works\\nwere ever erected so strong and com\u00c2\u00ac\\npact. The St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery was\\nsilent the whole time; and from the\\nlines they returned 1012 shot and 302\\nshells. Our loss was not very great;\\nbut on the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s side, many were\\nobserved to fall, and several to be\\ncarried into the lines their gallantry,\\nwe may therefore imagine, cost them\\ndear.\\nThe succeeding night they repaired\\nthe damage done by our fire, and\\nerected two traverses in the rear of the\\ngun battery; it is probable they were\\nworking also on the platforms; and\\nduring the two following nights they\\nstrengthened it with other additions.\\nThe 25th the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire was rather\\nsingular. In the afternoon, about\\nnine, their batteries, for near an hour\\nand a half, discharged repeated salvos\\nfrom both cannon and mortars; not\\ndirecting their fire to any particular\\nobject, but scattering their shot in every\\ndirection towards the garrison, and\\nbursting the shells principally in the\\nair. In the afternoon, about three, this\\nmode of firing was repeated, and con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued nearly the same time. The\\n26th, Lieutenant Vicars, of the 56th,\\nwas slightly wounded in the lines.\\nThe night of the 29th, a brisk can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade was heard towards the west;\\nand soon after, by the moon, we dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered a cutter engaging a frigate, a\\nxebeque, and several gun-boats. The\\ncutter answered a signal made by the\\nBrilliant at the commencement of the\\naction, by which we knew her to be a\\nfriend. After the engagement had\\ncontinued very warm for a consider\u00c2\u00ac\\nable time, the firing ceased, and she\\nwas obliged to submit to so superior a\\nforce. The succeeding night, the Uni-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "92\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\ncorn cutter arrived, and four boats from\\nFaro; the former informed us, that she\\nparted company with several cutters\\nbound for Gibraltar. The fruit, c.\\nbrought in the Portuguese boats, was\\nimmediately purchased by the gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor, for the use of the sick in the\\nhospitals; and some of the crew were\\nconfined, being suspected to come as\\nspies. The 31st, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s engineers\\nwere observed placing pickets to the\\nwestward of the six-gun battery; ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nparently with a view of extending that\\nwork. Since our last attack upon it,\\nthe firing on both sides was much\\ndiminished. In the course of the\\nmouth, three men deserted from the\\ngarrison.\\nThe night of the 2nd of November,\\nthe signal was made for the approach\\nof the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s gun and mortar boats,\\nwhich for some time had not paid us\\nthe regular visits they formerly did;\\nowing, as I have remarked before, to\\nthe repairs which the boats must neces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsarily demand; but the Vanguard and\\nRepulse prames firing several shot, they\\nretired. The 3rd, the Fortune prame,\\nmounting five twenty-six pounders,\\nwas towed out, and moored to the\\nsouthward of the Vanguard. The\\nnext day, about seven in the evening,\\n13 gun and 6 mortar boats fired briskly\\nupon the garrison, seconded by the\\nlines; they stayed near an hour and a\\nhalf, and threw a vast number of shells;\\nbut few were directed towards our\\ncamp. Lieutenant John Frazer, of the\\n73rd, had his leg shot off on Monta\u00c2\u00ac\\ngue\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion and Lieutenant Edgar,\\nof the 56th, was wounded with splin\u00c2\u00ac\\nters of stones. Two of the 58th and\\n73rd were likewise wounded. The\\nenemy continued, on the 6th and 7th,\\nto make some few alterations, and col\u00c2\u00ac\\nlect fascines, gabions, and other mate\u00c2\u00ac\\nrials at their lines, and various parts\\nof the approaches. The parallel they\\nalso strengthened; but the six-gun\\nbattery still remained masked with\\nsand-bags.\\nAs it appeared of greater conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquence, at this period, to annoy the\\nenemy from the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery at the\\nOld mole head, which formed an excel\u00c2\u00ac\\nlent cross-fire with the other batteries,\\nthan to fire into their camp, the mor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntars used for the latter purpose were\\nremoved, and the masked embrasures\\nat the extremity, with two others ad\u00c2\u00ac\\njoining, were ordered to be opened,\\nand so altered as to admit of four\\nhowitzers bearing on the new battery.\\nDuring the night of the 11th, the\\nenemy erected an additional battery of\\nsix embrasures, westward of the other,\\nwhere the pickets were observed at the\\nclose of last month. This work was\\nretired a few yards, but joined the ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntremity of the shoulder of the old bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, and extended almost in the same\\ndirection towards the beach. It ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared very strong, and seemed to be\\nintended against the Old mole head\\nand Waterport.\\nDuring the night of the 12th, many\\nsignals were made in the Gut and\\nalong the coast. In the morning we\\nobserved a cutter standing for the bay: a\\nxebeque and three gun-boats attempted\\nto intercept her, but she got in without\\nfiring a gun. She was called the Phoe\u00c2\u00ac\\nnix, and was laden, on government ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncount, with ordnance stores. Colonel\\nRoss, who had left the garrison some\\nmonths before, was a passenger, and\\nreturned to take the command of his\\nregiment, the 72nd, or Royal Manches\u00c2\u00ac\\nter Volunteers. The lieutenant who\\ncommanded the cutter, informed us\\nthat he parted company with two\\nothers, destined for the garrison, on\\nthe 11th; at which time one of them\\nwas engaged with two of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncruisers. In the afternoon some sig\u00c2\u00ac\\nnals were made at Algeziras; and a\\ncutter was observed standing in for\\nthe bay, chased by a frigate; whence\\nwe consequently concluded it must be\\none of the two mentioned by the Phoe\u00c2\u00ac\\nnix. At this time several gun-boats\\nwere cruising off Cabrita Point and at\\nthe entrance of the bay, waiting to in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntercept her. In the Straits the wind\\nwas W., but N. W. in the bay, and not\\nvery strong. About six in the evening\\nshe came up with the gun-boats and an\\narmed xebeque: a smart engagement\\nimmediately commenced. Whilst she\\nwas retarded by these, a second division\\nof gun-boats from Algeziras cut her\\noff from the garrison; and the frigate", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n93\\ncoming up, after a most vigorous and\\nresolute resistance, she struck. When\\nshe first appeared, six barges were or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered from our frigates to assist her,\\nand a signal was hoisted on board the\\nBrilliant, which she answered. The\\nboats rowed out a considerable way,\\nand, the evening being dark, found\\nthemselves amongst the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats, from whom, with some difficulty,\\nthey extricated themselves. The sub\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequent morning we had the mortifi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncation to see the cutter towed into Al-\\ngeziras by five gun-boats, with colours\\nflying, and other marks of exultation\\nand triumph.\\nThe enemy about this time adopted\\nthe mode of cutting the fuses of their\\nshells, so that most of them which\\nwere fired for a long range burst in the\\nair. They continued their practice of\\nmaking signals at the tower above the\\nQuarry, whenever our parties were as\u00c2\u00ac\\nsembled, or appeared at work: and\\nthe shot were in general better directed\\nthan before; but their effects against\\nthe works were considerably weakened\\nby pieces of junk hung over the mer\u00c2\u00ac\\nlons of the batteries. Our workmen\\nwere chiefly employed at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, in\\nrepairing the Tower battery, c., and\\nat the Old mole. Other detachments\\nwere also engaged in various duties on\\nthe north front. The night of the\\n15th, the enemy lengthened the paral\u00c2\u00ac\\nlel considerably, and, the succeeding\\nnight, made further additions. In the\\nforenoon of the 16th, a long-ranged\\nshell, from the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery,\\nburst in the air over Hardy Town, and\\na splinter of it flew into the sea, be\u00c2\u00ac\\nyond Buena Vista, a distance of more\\nthan three miles. Another shell fell,\\nin the course of the morning, at the\\nfoot of a wine-house, south of the bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nracks and several burst high in the\\nair over South shed. We attributed\\nthese uncommon long ranges to the\\nforce of the wind, which, blowing in\\nthe same direction in which the shells\\nwere thrown, undoubtedly increased\\ntheir velocity. Mr. Tinling, assistant-\\nengineer, was wounded the same day\\nat Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. A boat arrived on the\\n18th from Faro the crew were sepa\u00c2\u00ac\\nrately examined, before they were per\u00c2\u00ac\\nmitted the liberty of the garrison.\\nThe patron of this boat informed us,\\nthat seven cutters, destined for Gib\u00c2\u00ac\\nraltar, had been taken by the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nniards.\\nTwo deserters came in, about seven\\nin the evening of the 20th; one a cor\u00c2\u00ac\\nporal, the other a private in the Walon\\nguards. The former appeared to be\\nvery intelligent, and informed us of\\nmany circumstances with which we\\nwere not before acquainted. The new\\nmortar battery, he said, was called St.\\nPaschal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s; and corroborated our intel\u00c2\u00ac\\nligence, that it mounted two mortars\\nand six elevated guns. The two six-\\ngun batteries were named St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nHe further acquainted us, that the\\ncamp was principally composed of mi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlitia regiments: that the men were\\nmuch dissatisfied with their situation,\\nand greatly harassed in raising the ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nditional batteries: that they had suf\u00c2\u00ac\\nfered lately very severe losses from our\\nfire; particularly instancing the 22nd\\nand 23rd of the preceding month, when\\n7 officers and 80 men were killed and\\nwounded. One of the latter was an\\nengineer of rank, who died three days\\nafterwards. We had remarked, in the\\ncourse of the above firing, an officer to\\nbe particularly active, which we now\\nfound to be this engineer: he braved,\\nfor a considerable time, the dangers of\\nthe day, but at length fell, and was\\ncarried off. This deserter gave the\\ngovernor further information, respect\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the strength and arrangement of\\ntheir guards; and the next morning\\nwas conducted to Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, where he\\ndescribed to him various parts of the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works and camp. It had al\u00c2\u00ac\\nways been customary for the governor\\nto detain the deserters at the convent\\na few days, till he was sufficiently in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed of every particular; but these\\nhe immured so close, that, excepting\\nsome general information, the garrison\\nhad an opportunity of learning but\\nfew circumstances, till an event took\\nplace, which will presently be related.\\nThe firing from both sides varied as\\nobjects offered. Many of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nshells ranged as far as the South bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nracks and others, agreeably to their\\nnewly-adopted plan, burst in the air.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "94\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. v.\\nThe morning of the 22nd, a soldier of\\nthe 58th regiment, who had been missing\\nseveral days, was seen to go into Fort\\nBarbara, from behind the rock. The\\nfollowing day the enemy mounted guns\\nin the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery; and a party\\nwas employed in completing the six\\neastern embrasures, which were now\\nunmasked. We kept upon them our\\nusual fire of small shells from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nand the upper batteries; but the lower\\nordnance were silent. In the course\\nof the day the governor reconnoitred\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works; and it was reported\\nthat all the batteries were to be again\\nopened upon them, as soon as the four\\nembrasures for the howitzers, at the\\nOld mole head, were completed.\\nThe night of the 23rd, the besiegers\\nadded to the parallel a return of cask-\\nwork to the west: it appeared very-\\nslight and trifling. The two succeed\u00c2\u00ac\\ning days, their parties were very ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntive in finishing the batteries, which,\\non the 26th, exhibited a perfect and\\nformidable appearance. This was\\nthe crisis which the governor con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsidered as proper to frustrate all their\\nimmediate views, by destroying these\\nstupendous works, the construction of\\nwhich had cost them such immense la\u00c2\u00ac\\nbour and expense. By the deserters\\nwho came in on the 20th instant, he\\nwas acquainted with the inactivity\\nwhich prevailed throughout the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, and with the strength of\\ntheir advanced guards. Lulled into\\nsecurity by their superiority of force,\\nthey never suspected the garrison capa\u00c2\u00ac\\nble of attempting so bold and hazard\u00c2\u00ac\\nous a coup-de-main. The governor,\\nhowever, secretly conceived this im\u00c2\u00ac\\nportant design, and never imparted his\\nintention till the evening in which it\\nwas put in execution.\\nThe gates were no sooner shut, after\\nfirst gun-firing, on the evening of the\\n26th, than he ordered a considerable\\ndetachment to assemble on the Red\\nsands at midnight, with devils, fire-\\nfaggots, and working implements, to\\nmake a sortie on the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries.\\nThe general, field, and other officers\\nto be employed on this service, were\\nconvened in the interim, and the dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nposition of attack communicated but,\\nlest some matters might have escaped\\nhim in the multiplicity of arrangements,\\nthe governor desired every person to\\npropose, without restraint, whatever\\nwould, in his or their opinion, further\\npromote the success of the enterprise.\\nThe following are the heads of the\\norders issued on this occasion.\\nEvening Garrison Orders.\\nGibraltar, Nov. 26, 1781.\\nCountersign, Steady.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cAll the grenadiers and light in\u00c2\u00ac\\nfantry of the garrison, and all the men\\nof the 12th and Hardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments, officers, and non-commissioned\\nofficers\u00e2\u0080\u0099now on duty, to be immediately\\nrelieved, and join their regiments: to\\nform a detachment, consisting of the\\n12th and Hardeuberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiments com\u00c2\u00ac\\nplete, the grenadiers and light-infantry\\nof all the other regiments (which are\\nto be completed to their full establish\u00c2\u00ac\\nment from the battalion companies);\\n1 captain, 3 lieutenants, 10 non-com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmissioned officers, and 100 artillery,\\nand 3 engineers, 7 officers, and 12\\nnon-commissioned officers overseers,\\nwith 160 workmen from the line,\\nand 40 workmen from the artificer\\ncompany. Each man to have 36\\nrounds of ammunition, with a good\\nflint in his piece, and another in his\\npocket. No drums to go out, except\u00c2\u00ac\\ning two with each of the regiments.\\nNo volunteers will be allowed. The\\nwhole to be commanded by Brigadier-\\nGeneral Ross; and to assemble on the\\nRed sands at twelve o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock this night,\\nto make a sortie upon the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries. The 39th and 58th regiments\\nto parade at the same hour on the Grand\\nparade, under the command of Briga\u00c2\u00ac\\ndier-General Picton, to sustain the\\nsortie if necessary.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThese were the principal orders for\\nforming the detachment. At midnight\\nthe whole were assembled, and being\\njoined by 100 sailors, commanded by\\nLieuts. Muckle and Campbell, R.N.,\\nthe detachment was divided into three\\ncolumns, agreeably to the following\\ndisposition.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n96\\nLeft Column.\\nLieut.-Col. Trigge.\\no. s. d. r. ty f\\n72nd grenadiers 4 5 0 101\\n72nd It. infantry 4 5 0 101\\nSKS ioo\\nArtillery 1 4 0 35\\n12 th regiment 26 28 2 430\\n58th It. infantry 3 3 0 57\\nCentre Column.\\nLieut.-Col. Dachenhausen\\nand Major Maxwell.\\nThe Reserve.\\n39th grenadiers\\n39th It. infantry\\n73rd grenadiers\\n73rd It. infantry\\nEngineer with\\nworkmen J\\nArtillery. 2\\n56 th grenadier 3\\n58th grenadiers 3\\ns. r.Uff.\\n3 57\\n3 57\\n5 101\\n5 101\\n6 14 150\\n4 40\\n3 57\\n3 57\\n41 48 2 824\\n28 40 620\\nRight Column.\\nLieut.-Col. Hugo.\\nReden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s grena -1 Q\\ndiers\\nLa Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s gre- q\\nnadiers.\\nEngineer with!.\\nworkmen... J\\nArtillery 1\\ns. d.r.tff.\\n7 0 71\\n7 0 71\\n6 0\\n2 0\\nHardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 1 1R 04 o\\nregiment. 15\\n56th It. infantry 3 3 0\\n50\\n25\\n296\\n57\\n30 59 2 570\\nIn these columns, Brigadier Ross, and several officers who accompanied him\\nas aides-de-camp, are not included, which will explain the difference between\\nthem and the annexed summary of the whole force of the garrison at this time.\\n*0 s\\ng 2\\n\u00c2\u00a73.2,1\\n5.8 4\\nTotal out with the sortie 1 3 3 26\\nSick in hospital. 000 1\\nRemaining in garrison 5 5 5 45\\nB i\u00c2\u00a3 J3 w to\\nB (3 c3 o a\\nsi\\n5 tg* \u00c2\u00a7j\\nS cn\\n-3 W O\\n60 14 0\\n1 1 0\\n71 31 3\\nr\\n3 0 0 2 147 4 19141\\n0 0 0 0 28 6 557\\n7 8 9 14 266 181 2531\\nExclusive of the sailors\\nfrom the frigates.\\nTotal streugth of the\\ngarrison before the 6 8 8 78 132 46 3 10 8 9 16 441 191 5002 Total strength. 5952.\\nsortie.)\\nThe detachment being formed in\\nthree lines, the right column in the\\nrear, and the left in the front, tools for\\ndemolishing the works were delivered\\nto the workmen, and the following di\u00c2\u00ac\\nrections for their destination communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncated to the principal officers.\\nThe right column to lead and\\nmarch through Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s barrier, for the\\nextremity of the parallel; keeping the\\neastern fences of the gardens close on\\ntheir left. The centre immediately to\\nfollow, marching through Bay-side bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrier, and directing their route through\\nthe gardens for the mortar batteries.\\nThe left column to bring up the rear,\\nmarching along the strand for the gun\\nbatteries. No person to advance before\\nthe front, unless ordered by the officer\\ncommanding the column: and the\\nmost profound silence to be observed,\\nas the success of the enterprise may de\u00c2\u00ac\\npend thereon. The 12th and Harden\u00c2\u00ac\\nberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiments to form in front of the\\nworks, as sustaining corps; and are to\\ndetach to the right and left, as occasion\\nmay require. The reserve to take\\npost in the farthest gardens. When\\nthe works are carried, the attacking\\ntroops are to take up their ground in\\nthe following manner. The grenadiers\\nof Reden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and La Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s behind the\\nparallel; the 39th and 73rd flank com\u00c2\u00ac\\npanies along the front of the fourth\\nbranch; and the 72nd grenadiers and\\nlight infantry with their right to the\\nfourth branch, and left to the beach.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nBy the time the destination of the\\ncolumns was made known to the differ\u00c2\u00ac\\nent officers, and other arrangements had\\ntaken place, the morning of the 27th\\nwas far advanced; and as the moon\\nhad then nearly finished her nightly\\ncourse, the detachment, about a quarter\\nbefore three o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, began its march,\\nby files from the right of the rear line\\nfor the attack. Although nothing\\ncould exceed the silence and attention\\nof the troops, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s advanced\\nsentries discovered the right column\\nbefore they passed Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s barrier,\\nand after challenging, fired upon them.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "96\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. V.\\nLieut.-Col. Hugo, finding they were\\nalarmed, immediately formed the at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntacking corps, and pushed on at a brisk\\npace for the extremity of the parallel\\nthere finding no opposition, he took\\npossession, and the pioneers began to\\ndismantle the works. Part of Harden-\\nberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiment, which was attached to\\nthis column, mistook the route of the\\ngrenadiers, owing to the darkness of\\nthe morning; and in pursuing their\\nown, found themselves, before they dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered their error, in front of the St.\\nCarlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. In this dilemma, no\\nother alternative offered but pressing\\nforwards, which they gallantly did,\\nafter receiving the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire. Upon\\nmounting the parapet, the enemy pre\u00c2\u00ac\\ncipitately retreated, and with great dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nficulty they descended the stupendous\\nwork, forming with their left to the\\ntower. They were thus situated,\\nwhen Lieut.-Col. Dachenhausen, at the\\nhead of the 39th flank companies, en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntered the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, and na\u00c2\u00ac\\nturally mistaking them for his oppo\u00c2\u00ac\\nnents, fired, and wounded several. Fur\u00c2\u00ac\\nther mischief was however prevented\\nby the countersign; and the Hano\u00c2\u00ac\\nverians joined the remainder of their\\ncorps, which now formed en potence, in\\nfront of the parallel. The 73rd flank\\ncompanies were equally successful in\\ntheir attacks; and Lieut.-Col. Trigge,\\nwith the grenadiers, and light company\\nof the 72nd regiment, carried the gun\\nbatteries with great gallantry. The\\nardour of the assailants was irresistible.\\nThe enemy on every side gave way,\\nabandoning in an instant, and with the\\nutmost precipitation, those works which\\nhad cost them so much expense, and\\nemployed so many months to perfect\\nWhen our troops had taken posses\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion, the attacking corps formed, agree\u00c2\u00ac\\nably to their orders, to repel any\\nattempt which the enemy might make\\nto prevent the destruction of the works,\\nwhilst the 12th regiment took post in\\nfront of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, to sus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain the western attack; and the re\u00c2\u00ac\\nserve, under Major Maxwell, drew up\\nin the farther gardens. The exertions\\nof the workmen and artillery were\\nwonderful. The batteries were soon in\\na state for the fire-faggots to operate;\\nand the flames spread with astonishing\\nrapidity into every part. The column\\nof fire and smoke which rolled from\\nthe works, beautifully illuminated the\\ntroops and neighbouring objects, form\u00c2\u00ac\\ning altogether a coup-d\u00e2\u0080\u0099oeil not possible\\nto be described.\\nIn an hour the object of the sortie\\nwas fully effected; and trains being\\nlaid to the magazines, Brigadier Ross\\nordered the advanced corps to with\u00c2\u00ac\\ndraw, and the sustaining regiments to\\ncover their retreat: but, by some over\u00c2\u00ac\\nsight, the barrier at Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s was\\nlocked, after the flank companies had\\nreturned which might have proved of\\nserious consequences to Hardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nregiment, as they were, from that cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstance, under the necessity of fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing the 12th regiment through\\nBay-side barrier.*\\nSeveral small quantities of powder\\ntook fire whilst the detachment was on\\nits retreat; and just as the rear had got\\nwithin the garrison, the principal ma\u00c2\u00ac\\ngazine blew up with a tremendous ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nplosion; throwing up vast pieces of\\ntimber, which, falling into the flames,\\nadded to the general conflagration.\\nAlthough the enemy must have been\\nearly alarmed, not the smallest effort\\nwas made to save or avenge their works.\\nThe fugitives seemed to communicate\\na panic to the whole; and, instead of\\nannoying our troops from the flanking\\nforts, their artillery directed a ridicu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlous fire towards the town and our\\nupper batteries, whence we continued a\\nwarm and well-served discharge of\\nround shot on their forts and barrier.\\nOnly 2 officers and 16 privates were\\ntaken prisoners; and little opposition\\nbeing made, very few were killed\\nin the works. The guard, from the\\nbest information, consisted of one cap\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain, three subalterns, and 74 privates,\\nincluding the artillery.\\nThus was this important attack exe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuted beyond the most sanguine expec-\\nIt was not a little singular, that these two\\nregiments, which at the memorable battle of\\nMinden had fought by each other\u00e2\u0080\u0099s side, and,\\naccording to the natural course of events,\\ncould never expect to meet again, should be\\nemployed a second time on the same occasion,\\nand be the only entire regiments out.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n97\\ntations of every one. The event chal\u00c2\u00ac\\nlenges greater admiration, when we\\nreflect that the batteries were distant\\nnear three-quarters of a mile from the\\ngarrison, and only within a few hun\u00c2\u00ac\\ndred yards of a besieging enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlines, mounting 135 pieces of heavy\\nartillery.\\nThe detachment had four privates\\nkilled; Lieut. Tweedie, of the 12th\\nregiment, with 24 non-commissioned\\nand privates, wounded and one miss\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, supposed to be left wounded on the\\nbatteries. Of this number, Harden-\\nberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiment had two killed and 12\\nwounded. The ordnance spiked in the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works amounted to 10 13-inch\\nmortars, and 18 26-pounders.\\nGeneral Eliott\u00e2\u0080\u0099s anxiety on the occa\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion would not permit him to wait the\\nissue within the garrison; but, ac\u00c2\u00ac\\nquainting the lieutenant-governor with\\nhis intention, he accompanied the sortie,\\nand expressed the highest approbation\\nof their behaviour by the following\\npublic orders: that the bravery and\\nconduct of the whole detachment, offi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncers, sailors, and soldiers, on the glo\u00c2\u00ac\\nrious occasion, surpassed his utmost ac\u00c2\u00ac\\nknowledgments.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nAlthough the attack was not totally\\nexempted from those little derange\u00c2\u00ac\\nments which naturally attend night ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npeditions of this nature, yet, to the\\nhonour of the whole, neither musket,\\nworking-tool, nor other implement, was\\nleft behind a volunteer indeed of the\\n73rd regiment lost his kilt in the attack,\\nwhich the governor being acquainted\\nwith, promised him a substitute in\\nreturn; and not long afterwards pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsented him with a commission in an es\u00c2\u00ac\\ntablished corps. When our troops en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntered the batteries, the written report\\nof the commanding officer was found in\\none of the splinter-proofs, which, when\\nthe guard was relieved, was intended\\nto have been sent to the Spanish ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nneral. The report expressed, that\\nnothing extraordinary had happened,\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nwhich, it must be acknowledged, the\\ncaptain had been a little premature in\\nwriting.\\nBefore the detachment returned from\\nthe neutral ground, Lieut.-Col. Tovey,\\nof the artillery, died. He was suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded by Major Lewis in the com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmand of that department.\\nThe night of the 27th, the enemy\\nwere alarmed with an explosion in the\\nruins of their batteries; and imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately directed a smart discharge of\\nmusketry, with round and grape-shot,\\ntoward the spot. We imagined they\\nsuspected that we had made a second\\nsally, to finish the destruction of what\\nremained; and their error probably\\nwould have continued some time, had\\nthey not been undeceived by our throw\u00c2\u00ac\\ning a shell amongst the ruins; after\\nwhich they instantly ceased. By the\\nnumber of lights seen in their camp,\\nwe had reason to conclude that their\\narmy assembled on the alarm. The\\nenemy had not yet thought proper to\\ntake any measures toward extinguish\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the flames, but avenged themselves\\nby a brisk cannonade upon the town.\\nIn their camp several men were exe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuted, who probably might be some of\\nthe unfortunate actors in the late dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ngrace. The 30th, their batteries con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued burning in five different places:\\nwhen they ceased to smoke, the works\\nseemed completely destroyed; nothing\\nbut heaps of sand remaining. Five\\ndismounted mortars could be seen in\\nthe St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery from the sum\u00c2\u00ac\\nmit of the rock; one gun also in St.\\nPaschal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and three in the St Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nAt night we fired several rounds of\\ngrape at their horse-patroles, which,\\nsince their late misfortune, appeared\\nmore numerous than before.\\nH", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "98\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VI,\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nThe Spaniards determine to restore their batteries\u00e2\u0080\u0094Establish several defensive posts\u00e2\u0080\u0094Repair\\ntheir works, but are considerably retarded by the garrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Description of a new invented\\ndepressing gun-carriage\u00e2\u0080\u0094Gallant behaviour of the Mercury, ordnance-ship\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Vernon\\nstore-ship arrives with several gun-boats, in frames; also the Cerberus and Apollo frigates,\\nwith a reinforcement of men\u00e2\u0080\u0094Singular quality of quick sight in two boys belonging to the\\ngarrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Spaniards resolve to make a vigorous attack upon Gibraltar, under the command\\nof the Due de Crillon\u00e2\u0080\u0094Begin to convert large vessels into battering-ships at Algeziras\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nA party of Corsicans arrive, and offer to act as volunteers in the garrison during the siege\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s army reinforced\u00e2\u0080\u0094Unfortunate accident in a magazine at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\u00e2\u0080\u0094A strong re\u00c2\u00ac\\ninforcement of French troops joins the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s army\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Due de Crillon assumes the\\ncommand of the combined forces; and the besiegers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 batteries for some time are silent.\\nThe Spaniards for several days ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared totally at a loss how to act after\\ntheir recent disgrace. Their batteries\\ncontinued in flames, nor were any at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempts made to extinguish the fire. In\\nthe beginning of December, however,\\nthey seemed as if suddenly roused from\\ntheir reverie; upwards of 1000 men\\nwere at work making fascines, c., for\\nwhich purpose large quantities of brush\u00c2\u00ac\\nwood were collected from the country.\\nFrom these operations we concluded\\nthat they were resolved to restore their\\nworks, when sufficient materials were\\nprepared.\\nThe 1st of December, a flag of truce\\nbrought letters from the English pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nsoners lately captured in the cutters\\nbound to the garrison. Not a syllable\\nwas mentioned by the Spanish officer\\nof the late transaction; nor did he\\neven inquire whether we had taken\\nany prisoners,. As we had observed\\nthe enemy to post strong guards in\\nthe stone guard-houses on the neutral\\nground, particularly in the centre one,\\nthe governor ordered the artillery to\\nendeavour to dislodge them. Answers\\nwere returned, on the 2nd, to the\\nletters brought the preceding day: let\u00c2\u00ac\\nters also were sent from the prisoners\\ntaken in the sortie to their friends in\\ncamp. The Spanish officer, on receiv\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the letters, appeared much sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nprised, put them in his pocket, but was\\nsilent; and the boats parted. One of\\nthe officers taken prisoner was the\\nBaron Von Helmstadt, an ensign in\\nthe Walon guards, with the rank of\\ncaptain: the other was Don Vincente\\nFreese, a lieutenant of artillery. The\\nbaron was dangerously wounded in the\\nknee, and, not without many intreaties,\\nsubmitted to amputation. When the\\nsurgeons first informed him that this\\noperation was absolutely unavoidable,\\nhe resolutely opposed it: amputation,\\nhe said, very seldom succeeded in\\nSpain; besides, he was then betrothed\\nin marriage to a lady, and would rather\\nrisk his life than present himself before\\nher with only one leg. The governor,\\nbeing told this determination, immedi\u00c2\u00ac\\nately visited the baron, and used every\\nargument to persuade him to comply.\\nHis mistress, the general said, must\\nundoubtedly esteem him the more for\\nthe honourable wound which he had\\nreceived in the service of his country;\\nand, as to the operation being fatal, he\\nmight almost assure himself of a cer\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain recovery, since, in the many simi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar cases which had occurred in the\\ngarrison during the siege, our surgeons\\nhad been generally successful: and to\\nconvince him by ocular proof, or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered several mutilated convalescents\\ninto the room. This generous atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the governor had a powerful\\neffect on the baron, who, no longer able\\nto resist his importunities, at length\\nconsented to the operation. The enemy,", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "1781.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n99\\nthe night of the 3rd, repaired the da\u00c2\u00ac\\nmage done to the third branch of ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproach and did some trifling work at\\nthe fourth branch. The next day a\\nflag of truce from the enemy brought\\nletters of thanks from the Spanish\\ngeneral, Don Martin Alvarez, and the\\nWalou guards, to the governor, for\\nthe humanity shown to the prisoners\\ntaken in the batteries. In the boat\\ncame some poultry for the wounded\\nbaron; also clothes and money for the\\nofficers. Their guards in the lines\\nnow appeared to be about 800 infantry,\\nwith 100 artillery; besides 60 or 70\\ncavalry for patroles. The governor,\\non the 5th, ordered that no officer of\\nthe line, commanding at a post, should\\ninterfere in the mode of loading, point\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, or firing the cannon. If at any\\ntime he judged it necessary to fire\\nupon the enemy, he was to point out\\nthe object to the artillery, and submit\\nit to their opinion, whether it was\\npracticable or not.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The morning of\\nthe 7th, a cutter appeared from the\\nwest, and, after an obstinate action with\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s gun-boats, was obliged to\\nstrike. In this engagement we ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved that the enemy had made some\\nalterations in the construction of their\\nboats, which before would not allow\\nthe guns to be depressed.\\nNotwithstanding our fire, the enemy\\nseemed determined to establish them\u00c2\u00ac\\nselves at the centre stone guard-house,\\nround which, on the night of the 7 th,\\nthey made a trench, and also lined\\nwith fascines part of the fourth branch\\nof approach. Our firing continued to\\nvary as their operations were more or\\nless noticed; in the day we directed\\nit principally to parties observed near\\nthe tower, and at night to the centre\\nguard-house; against which they had\\nheaped up sand, and continued every\\nevening to make other additions.\u00e2\u0080\u0094The\\ngarrison at this period was so extremely\\nsickly, that a hundred men were cur\u00c2\u00ac\\ntailed from the working parties; and\\nthe officers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 servants, with others who\\nusually were exempted from these\\nduties, were ordered to assist, to lessen\\nthe fatigue of their comrades. Near\\n700 were at this time on our hospital\\nL. af C.\\nlists.\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Unicorn cutter sailed, in\\nthe night of the 12th, with dispatches\\nfor England; and the following even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the Phoenix, with duplicates.\\nThe operations of the enemy seemed\\nnow entirely defensive. The western\\nstone guard-house on the beach was\\nunroofed in the same manner as the\\ncentre guard-house, and strengthened\\nwith sand; with a trench dug round\\nat some distance in the front. We\\nimagined that strong guards were sta\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned every night at these posts, to\\nprotect their remaining works. The\\nevening of the 16th, about ten o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock,\\none of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s advanced sentries,\\nnear Bay-side, fired his musket; which\\nwas taken up by others in the gardens,\\nand the alarm spread to the lines, and\\nthence to the camp. Lights were im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately observed moving about, and\\nthe drums beat to arms. After some\\nhours\u00e2\u0080\u0099 confusion they were calm and\\nquiet. Their works, particularly the\\nSt. Paschal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, continued to\\nsmoke in several places, on the 18th.\\nNo ordnance could now be seen in any\\nof the batteries: their fire was rather\\nsmart, but no particular object seemed\\nto engage their notice.\\nBrigadiers Ross and Green were ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npointed, in the orders of the 20th, to\\nbe major-generals in the army; and\\nthe next evening General Ross sailed\\nin a boat for Faro, on his return to\\nEngland. General Green some time\\nafterwards received a letter of service,\\nand Lieutenant Holloway, his brigade-\\nmajor, was appointed his aide-de-camp.\\nThe same day a flag of truce brought\\nover several letters, with money and\\nclothes for the prisoners. At night,\\nthe enemy extended the fourth branch\\nin the same direction, toward the\\nwestern stone guard-house; and seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nral pickets were driven, and fascines\\nlaid in the ruins of the batteries, in\\norder to retain the sand, and prevent\\nit being washed down by the rains.\\nThe night of the 23rd they raised an\\nepaulment on the top of the centre\\nguard-house, and finished the first line\\nof the new approach from the fourth\\nbranch.\\nTwo soldiers of Hardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and\\nII 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "100\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VI.\\nthe 72nd regiment, on the 25th, at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempted to desert by a rope from\\nMount Misery: the former got down,\\nthough the rope broke; which accident\\nwas the cause of the latter being re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntaken. A few days after, a sergeant\\nof the artificers was ordered to recon\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoitre the place where this deserter\\ndescended; and he got down far\\nenough to discover the unfortunate\\nman dashed to pieces at the foot of the\\nprecipice. The night of the 27th the\\nenemy made several additions to the\\ncentre guard-house. The Baron Von\\nHelmstadt being dangerously ill about\\nthis period (not in consequence of the\\namputation he had undergone, but\\nfrom some inward malady), flags of\\ntruce were daily passing and repassing\\nto inform his friends of his dangerous\\nsituation. The 28th, the baron died;\\nand the following day his body was\\ncarried to the New mole, accompanied\\nby the grenadiers of the 12th regiment,\\nwith the usual honours of war, where\\ntwo barges waited to convey it to the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp. The governor, and\\nprincipal officers in the garrison, with\\nDon Vincente, attended the ceremony.\\nThe fowls and other refreshments sent\\nby his friends, with the money not used\\nby the baron in his sickness, were also\\nreturned, to the most minute article.\\nThe enemy, on the night of the 30th,\\nadded to the trench in front of the centre\\nguard-house, which, a few evenings be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore, they had altered from its original\\nform. Our engineers the same night\\nerected a blind of canvas, c., in front\\nof Princess Anne\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s),\\nwhich the engineers afterwards cais-\\nsoned, when their fire became less\\nwarm on this new object. Another\\nwas afterwards placed before the Prin\u00c2\u00ac\\ncess Amelia\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, for the same purpose.\\nThe materials with which the works at\\nthe northward were now repaired,\\nwere collected from the coal-ships that\\nhad been run ashore in the New mole\\nafter Admiral Darby\u00e2\u0080\u0099s departure. The\\nsides of these vessels were cut up, under\\nthe direction of the engineers, into large\\nsolid pieces, of such form and dimen\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion as the purpose dictated to which\\nthey were to be applied. Of these ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nterials the batteries at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s were at\\nthis time formed; the angles being\\nconnected and secured by strong knees\\nand bolts having transverse pieces\\nwithin, which were also kneed. When\\nthe caissons for the merlons were thus\\nframed, they were filled in the front\\nwith layers of junk, and sand-bags be\u00c2\u00ac\\nhind. The height of the merlons was\\nbetween ten and eleven feet; and the\\nupper parts were supported by strong\\nbeams across the embrasures, forming\\nhoods (as the engineers called them) over\\nthe muzzles of the cannon these hoods\\nwere three feet deep, and extended\\nabout six feet in length over the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbrasures by which improvements the\\nguns were preserved from being broken\\nby the shells in their descent, and the\\nartillery-men on duty were well co\u00c2\u00ac\\nvered. The solid construction of these\\nnew works, and the adoption of a simi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar mode in repairing the other defences\\nof the garrison, will account, in a great\\nmeasure, for the general casualties of the\\ntroops not being so numerous as might\\notherwise be expected and, to evince\\nthe permanence of them, no other proof,\\nI imagine, need be adduced, than that\\nupward of 100 shot-holes have been\\nplugged up in the front of one merlon,\\nand yet the battery was not materially\\ndamaged.*\\nTwo ordnance-ships arrived in the\\ncourse of December. As we are now\\narrived at the close of the year, it may\\nnot be impertinent to insert a return of\\ncasuals, from the 12th of April to the\\n31st of December, 1781, that the reader\\nmay have an idea of our general loss\\nin that period.\\nWhen the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s proceedings afterwards\\nrendered some alterations necessary in the\\nworks at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, the ship timber was found\\nvery useful in further securing the upper bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries, and in protecting our artillery. The\\nheight of the parapets permitted the engineers\\nto erect splinter-proofs between the guns, of\\ncurved pieces of timber cut from the bottom\\nof a ship, which were placed against the\\nbreasts of the merlons, and made bomb-proof\\nby layers of sand-bags, which also formed a\\ntraverse across the battery. By these addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions the communications between the ord\u00c2\u00ac\\nnance were covered, and the batteries well\\ntraversed against the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s eastern en-\\nfilade-hre.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "1782.J\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n101\\nKilled and dead of wounds\\nDisabled.\\nWounded.\\nThe new year\u00e2\u0080\u0099s day of 1782 was re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmarkable for an action of gallantry\\nwhich is worthy of being rescued from\\noblivion. An officer of artillery at\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, observing a shell falling to\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards the place where he stood, got be\u00c2\u00ac\\nhind a traverse for protection; which\\nhe had scarcely done, ere it fell into\\nthe traverse, and instantly entangled\\nhim in the rubbish: one of the guard,\\nnamed Martin, observing his distress,\\ngenerously risked his own life in de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfence of his officer, and ran to extri\u00c2\u00ac\\ncate him but, finding his own efforts\\nineffectual, called for assistance; when\\nanother of the guard joining him, they\\nrelieved the officer from his situation;\\nand almost at the same instant the shell\\nburst, and levelled the traverse to the\\nground. Martin was afterwards pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoted, and rewarded by the governor,\\nwho at the same time told him he\\nshould equally have noticed him for\\nrelieving his comrade.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Several simi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar instances of heroism occurred\\nduring the siege, all of which were\\nequally honourable to the garrison.\\nThe enemy persevered in carrying\\non their works; the centre guard-house\\nnow began to assume a regular figure.\\nThe ditch formed three sides of a hexa\u00c2\u00ac\\ngon, extending to the rear in obtuse\\nangles with the front; and the fascine\\nparapet, joining the building, was\\nlengthened each way. Materials con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued to be daily brought down to the\\nlines and advanced works. Their\\nworkmen were however considerably\\nannoyed, in repairing the fourth and\\nfifth branches of the approach, from the\\nOld mole head and Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion.\\nThe ship St. Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Castle, in govern\u00c2\u00ac\\nment service, arrived on the 4th from\\nMahon, with dispatches from General\\nMurray: on board her came several\\nprisoners taken by that general in a\\nsally made from Fort St. Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nThe enemy endeavoured to cut her off\\nfVom the bay, but could not accom\u00c2\u00ac\\na\\n2\\nX\\n2\\nS\\nu\\ni\\no\\n3\\nQ\\nPS\\nTotal.\\n3\\n10\\n1\\n108\\n122\\n2\\n7\\n1\\n36\\n46\\n13\\n22\\n6\\n359\\n400\\nplish it. She returned to Minorca on\\nthe 10th. Since their army had landed\\nat Minorca, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s attention to\\nthe eastward was visibly abated; nor\\ndid they make so many signals from the\\ntower on the Queen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Chair\\nas had been their custom formerly.\\nThe subsequent evening, our prames\\nmade the signal for the approach of\\nthe gun-boats: an easterly wind how\u00c2\u00ac\\never springing up, they threw up their\\nrockets, and retired. We could not\\notherwise account for their not firing\\nin an easterly wind, than by imagin\u00c2\u00ac\\ning they were apprehensive of some ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncident in their magazines, which, being\\nin the stern of the boat, might run\\nsome danger of being blown up by the\\nsparks from the discharge of their ord\u00c2\u00ac\\nnance. The night of the 7th, beside\\nmaking additions to the centre guard\u00c2\u00ac\\nhouse, the enemy debouched from the\\nfifth branch, and dug a ti\u00e2\u0080\u0099ench about\\nfifteen or twenty yards towards the\\neast. A court of inquiry, on the 8th,\\nsat on Antonio Juanico, the spy who\\nwas discovered in the Faro boat; and\\nsome time afterwards he was ordered\\nto prepare for execution. The gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor however at last pardoned him.\\nThe enemy, about this time, re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved several guns from the camp to\\nthe lines, taking others back. Most\\nof their cannon (we had reason to ima\u00c2\u00ac\\ngine for some time past) had been\\ngreatly damaged by the firing; as the\\nshot, at periods, were observed not to\\nfly with the same velocity as at first.\\nThe last deserter said they had spoiled\\nthree sets of guns from the commence\u00c2\u00ac\\nment of the bombardment. In the\\nnight of the 9th, they raised the epaul-\\nment joining the centre guard-house;\\nand opened four embrasures, two on\\neach side of the building. They were\\nall masked with fascines, and appeared\\nsolely for defence. The night of the\\n12th, the enemy formed a trench from\\nthe debouchure of the fifth branch, to", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "102\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VI.\\nthe front of the ruins of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, toward the western beach: part\\nof it was lined with fascines. They\\nalso raised a place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes on the east\\nflank of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, joining\\nthe fifth branch. At night sailed the\\nHenry and Mercury ordnance-ships\\nto the westward. Don Vincente Freese\\nwent passenger in the former for Eng\u00c2\u00ac\\nland, with the prisoners taken in our\\nsortie, and those sent by General Mur\u00c2\u00ac\\nray. About the 14th or 15th, the enemy\\nraised another place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes on the west\\nflank of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, and\\njoining the ruins of the St. Paschal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery; and the subsequent evening\\nstrengthened and capped it with fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncines. In the night, signals were made\\nin the Gut, and at daybreak two cutters\\nappeared at the entrance of the bay; but\\nthe wind blowing somewhat northerly,\\nand dying away, they were driven to\\nleeward by the current: a frigate and\\n11 gun-boats from Algeziras imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately gave chase, and soon after they\\nwere joined by a frigate and xebeque\\nfrom Ceuta. The cutters finding it im\u00c2\u00ac\\npossible to make the bay, and observ\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the force of their pursuers, pru\u00c2\u00ac\\ndently crowded sail to the eastward.\\nIn the afternoon some of the gun-boats\\ngot within range, and a few rounds\\nwere exchanged; but the wind freshen\u00c2\u00ac\\ning towards sunset, the cutters evidently\\nleft the enemy considerably astern.\\nWhen night prevented us from con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinuing our observations, they had in\u00c2\u00ac\\ndeed gained such a distance, that we\\ndid not in the least doubt but they\\nwould escape.\\nThe enemy had made, for several\\npreceding evenings, considerable addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions to the centre redoubt; and on the\\nnight of the 17th, they raised a work\\nembracing each extremity of the fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncine-ditch which was in the front of it:\\nthis post now appeared finished. They\\nlikewise raised and threw sand in front\\nof the place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes, and brought vast\\nquantities of different materials to their\\nadvanced works. Their firing was not\\nat this period remarkable; but as they\\ndirected their ordnance principally\\namong our working parties on the hill,\\nwe experienced a few casualties. Our\\nbatteries in return were well served;\\nand the fire pointed to all quarters. In\\nthe morning of the 18th, just after gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nfiring, signals were made from the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s advanced works, which were re\u00c2\u00ac\\npeated to their camp. The batteries at\\nthe same time kept up a brisk fire, all\\nin a low direction. This gave us rea\u00c2\u00ac\\nson to think they were apprehensive\\nof another sortie and the following\\nmorning the four embrasures in the\\ncentre redoubt were unmasked, and\\nanimated with four howitzers; and a\\nconsiderable number of troops left the\\nlines soon after daybreak: all which\\ncircumstances served to countenance\\nour conjecture. In the evening of the\\n20th, the artillery at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s discovered\\na party of the enemy erecting a line of\\ncommunication from the fourth branch\\nto the centre redoubt. The Old mole\\nhead and Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s were immediately\\nopened on them in addition to the\\nupper batteries; and we plied them so\\nbriskly, that the party was obliged to\\nretire about midnight, leaving the work,\\nas the morning evinced, in great con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfusion. The subsequent night, notwith\u00c2\u00ac\\nstanding our fire, they raised and\\nstrengthened the new communication.\\nIn this duty they were well covered by\\na brisk fire from the lines; and which,\\nfrom the repeated volleys discharged,\\nafforded room to think that their work\u00c2\u00ac\\nmen had suffered materially the night\\nbefore.\\nThe night of the 23rd they repaired\\nthe parapet of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery\\nnine fascines in height, and began to\\nrebuild the magazine in the rear. Great\\nquantities of fascines, c. were in and\\nabout the battery. The succeeding\\nafternoon, about four o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor opened the lower batteries on\\nthis work, and our fire was exceedingly\\nwell served for some hours. The car\u00c2\u00ac\\ncasses several times set fire to the fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncines, but the enemy as frequently ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinguished it. At first their batteries\\nreturned our fire sparingly; but receiv\u00c2\u00ac\\ning a reinforcement of artillery-men\\nfrom the camp, the cannonade became\\nwarm on both sides. Our lower bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries ceased in the evening. The next\\nday the governor renewed his endea\u00c2\u00ac\\nvours to burn these works. The car\u00c2\u00ac\\ncasses were equally successful as the\\nf", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n103\\npreceding day, but their guards and\\nworkmen soon extinguished the fire.\\nThe Spanish lines returned the cannon\u00c2\u00ac\\nade with great vivacity, having in the\\ntwenty-four hours discharged 1045 shot\\nand 83 shells our batteries diminished\\ntheir fire about four in the afternoon.\\nThe carcasses used by the artillery on\\nthis occasion were made of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nblind shells, in which were perforated\\nthree large holes, and the cavity filled\\nwith composition. They were found\\nto answer extremely well; some of\\nthem burning fresh a quarter of an hour\\nafter the enemy had smothered them\\nwith sand, which was the mode they\\nadopted to put them out.\\nWe observed, on the 27th, four large\\npiles of fascines at the eastern extremity\\nof the parallel. We were not at all at\\na loss to guess their meaning in placing\\nthese fascines to the eastward; as it\\nwas evident that they wished to draw\\noff our attention as much as possible\\nfrom the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. The\\nmanoeuvre did not however answer.\\nThe following evening, about ten\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, arrived the two cutters which\\nhad been pursued by the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruis\u00c2\u00ac\\ners to the eastward: the largest of\\nthem, called the Viper, was of 460 tons\\nburthen, mounted 28 guns, and was\\nesteemed the largest vessel of her kind\\never built; the other was the Lively of\\n14 guns; both laden with ordnance\\nstores. They informed us that the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning of the day they were chased through\\nto the east, several of the gun-boats got\\nup and engaged them, but were soon\\nbeaten off: at length the wind freshen\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, the boats were left astern. The\\nbreeze, they said, increased to a brisk\\ngale, which, as the gun-boats were\\nsome leagues from land, might greatly\\ndistress them. This conjecture ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared confirmed, by none of them\\nbeing observed to have returned to the\\nbay. The night of the 28th, the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy took down half of the old tower, or\\nwindmill, which they probably thought\\nwas too conspicuous an object of direc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion for our artillery in the night: they\\nadded also considerably to the St. Car\u00c2\u00ac\\nlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, and made some alterations\\nin the centre redoubt, which they pali\u00c2\u00ac\\nsaded in the rear, and within it hung a\\nbarrier gate. The same night, arrived\\nthe Dartmouth Tartar cutter with\\nstores. The night of the 30th, our op\u00c2\u00ac\\nponents were observed very busy to the\\neastward of the centre redoubt. We\\ninstantly opened upon them, and drove\\nthem from the place. At daybreak we\\nfound they had traced out a work of\\nfive sides, with a large opening in the\\nrear, and erected before it a screen\\nsimilar to ours at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, but so inju\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiciously placed, that the workmen be\u00c2\u00ac\\nhind were not at all concealed from our\\nupper batteries. This work was never\\ncarried on; and the screen some time\\nafterwards was knocked down, and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved. Our engineers, of whom little\\nhas been mentioned for some time,\\nwere indefatigable in repairing the\\nsplinter-proofs, magazines, traverses,\\nand communications, along the north\\nfront, which were damaged by the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire: the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and\\nPrince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines had likewise a share in\\ntheir attention. Parties were also en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngaged in securing and repairing the\\nskeleton traverses, formed of timber\\nand sand-bags in front of the doors,\\nwindows, c., of the powder-magazines\\nnear the New mole; and deposits of\\nfascines, sand, and other materials,\\nwere collected in different parts of the\\ngarrison.\\nIn the beginning of February, great\\nnumbers of mules continued bringing\\nfascines, c. to the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines; and,\\nby the number of gabions missing from\\ntheir fascine park, it was thought they\\nhad concealed them in different parts\\nof the approaches for new works. The\\nSt. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery appeared nearly\\ncompleted: it consisted of an epaul-\\nment with two shoulders; five dodging\\ntraverses were erected in the rear, and\\nbehind them two larger ones for maga\u00c2\u00ac\\nzines the latter, however, were not of\\nthe same form as those erected before.\\nA gate was also hung at the opening of\\nthe fifth branch, and the places d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes,\\non each flank of the battery, seemed\\nfinished. Part of the parallel joining\\nthe fifth branch, in extent about 40\\nyards, was likewise lined with fascines,\\nand repaired. In this state were their\\nworks near the tower, when, on the\\nnight of the 2nd, they restored the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "104\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VI.\\nwestern part of the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery,\\nmaking only five embrasures to open\\nupon the town and Waterport. Our\\nfiring was pretty smart at this period;\\nbut their artillery did not exceed\\n100 or 150 rounds in the twenty-four\\nhours.\\nIn this tedious and uninteresting\\nmanner affairs proceeded; every night\\nthe besiegers making some trifling ad\u00c2\u00ac\\ndition to their advanced works. The\\nafternoon of the 7th, one of their shells\\nset fire to a magazine-box on the\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s), in which\\nwere a few loaded small shells and\\ncartridges. These instantly blew up,\\nand fired an adjoining gun, but did not\\nthe smallest injury to the officers, or\\nany of the guard, though the former\\nwere close to it when the accident hap\u00c2\u00ac\\npened. On hearing the explosion, the\\nenemy immediately increased their fire,\\nand continued it the remainder of the\\nevening. The enemy added, on the\\nnight of the 10th, another embrasure to\\nthe new battery; and two nights fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing, they prolonged the parallel\\nabout 40 yards to the eastward. Vast\\nquantities of materials were at this\\ntime scattered in various parts of their\\nworks.\\nThe afternoon of the 15th, some\\npractice was made from a gun mounted\\nupon a new-constructed depressing car\u00c2\u00ac\\nriage, the invention of Lieutenant Koeh\u00c2\u00ac\\nler, of the Royal Artillery, which was\\nhighly approved of by the governor and\\nother officers present. The gun was\\nfixed in a bed of timber, the under side\\nof which was a plane parallel to the\\naxis of the piece: from this bed, imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately under the centre of gravity, pro\u00c2\u00ac\\njected a spindle eight inches in diameter.\\nThis spindle passed through a groove\\nformed for its reception in a plank, the\\nupper side of which was also a plane:\\nupon this under-piece the bed and gun\\nrecoiled, being attached to it by a key\\npassing through the spindle. The bed\\nand gun by these means were at liberty\\nto move round upon the axis of the\\nspindle, and when fired, slided upon\\nthe under plank in the line directed by\\nthe groove. The under-piece was then\\nconnected, by a strong hinge ,in front,\\nto two cheeks of a common garrison\\ncarriage, cut down to be little higher\\nthan the trucks. The gun could be\\nlaid to any degree of depression under\\n20 degrees, by a common quoin resting\\nupon the cheeks of the carriage; but\\nwhen greater depression was necessary,\\ntwo upright timbers, with indented\\nsteps, were fixed to the cheeks; by\\nwhich, with the assistance of a mov\u00c2\u00ac\\nable plank, to slide in upon the steps,\\nand a quoin, the back part of the plank,\\nupon which the gun slided, was elevated\\nat pleasure by iron pins in the uprights;\\nand the gun depressed to any angle\\nabove 20 and under 70 degrees.\\nMany advantages, beside that of\\nimmediate depression, resulted to the\\nartillery from this invention. The car\u00c2\u00ac\\nriage, when the gun was depressed,\\nseldom moved; the gun sliding upon\\nthe plank to which the bed was attached\\nby the spindle, and returning to its\\nformer place with the most trifling\\nassistance. When the shot was dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharged, and the bed with the gun had\\nrecoiled to the extremity of the groove,\\nthe matross, by turning round the gun\\nto lie horizontally across the carriage\\n(which was done with the greatest\\nfacility), was also enabled to load\\nunder cover of the merlon, unexposed\\nto the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire, and avoided the\\ndifficulty of ramming the shot upwards.\\nIt equally allowed the gun to be fired\\nat point blank; and (by turning the\\nmuzzle to the back part of the carriage)\\nat every elevation, to 45 degrees, but in\\nthat state did not particularly excel.\\nAs to the accuracy of the depressing\\nshot, no farther proof need be adduced,\\nthan that, out of 30 rounds, 28 shot\\ntook place in one traverse in the St.\\nCarlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, at the distance of near\\n1400 yards.\\nA polacre had arrived on the 15th;\\nand on the 17th, came in the Flying-\\nfish cutter, with ordnance stores: the\\nlatter was opposed, and engaged in the\\nbay by a frigate, a xebeque, and three\\ngun-boats; but got in, by perseverance\\nand superior skill, without a single\\nman killed or wounded. At night, a\\nparty of the enemy was discovered at\\nthe eastern extremity of the parallel;\\nand a brisk fire was immediately\\npointed to the spot. At daybreak, we", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n105\\nremarked they had traced out with fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncines a work (of five sides, leaving the\\ngorge open) at the west return from\\nthe parallel. It appeared to be for\\nanother redoubt. About the morning\\ngun-fire, a brig was hailed from Europa,\\nand answered, from Corkfinding she\\nwas a friend, the captain was directed\\nto anchor at the Mole; but, imagining\\nthe ships, as before the war, remained\\nat Waterport, he passed our prames,\\nand did not discover his error till he\\nhad gone too far to return: he was\\nconsequently obliged to put about, and\\nthe vessel grounded at the back of the\\nOld mole. When the enemy observed\\nher in the morning, the Black battery\\nand Fort St. Philip directed a smart\\nfire upon her; but, though it was con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued the whole day, not a shot struck\\nthe hull. Captain Curtis brought away\\nthe crew, and at night went with seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nral boats, and cut away her masts:\\npart of her cargo was also removed;\\nbut the greater portion of it was da\u00c2\u00ac\\nmaged by the sea-water. In the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, Waterport guard was reinforced\\nwith a picket.\\nThe enemy, on the night of the 18th,\\nadded five embrasures to the gun bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, and left a space, seemingly for\\ntwo others. This addition made it\\nappear as if they intended the whole\\nfor one battery, which before was di\u00c2\u00ac\\nvided into two. Great quantities of\\nmaterials were dispersed in various\\nparts of their works, and brushwood\\ncontinued to be brought into their camp\\nfrom the country. The succeeding\\nnight they erected an epaulment of\\n39 casks long, faced with fascines,\\nwithin the hexagon figure, at the ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntremity of the parallel. The front\\nwork was also raised, and a ditch, ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntending along the front of the parallel\\nto the east flank of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\nlined with fascines. They worked also\\non the platforms of the new battery.\\nThe morning of the 20th, 10 gun-boats\\nreturned to Algeziras from the east:\\nthey were supposed to be the same\\nwhich had chased the Viper and Lively\\ncutters. Intelligence from Portugal\\nmentioned that several of them had\\nbeen lost in the gale which sprung up\\nthe same evening: we were rather dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nappointed therefore to see so many\\nreturn. In the evening the Viper,\\nLively, and Dartmouth Tartar cutters,\\nsailed for England. About the time of\\ntheir departure, a traverse in the St.\\nCarlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s was set on fire by our artillery,\\nwhich produced a smart cannonade for\\nsome hours. The succeeding day, an\u00c2\u00ac\\nother traverse was set on fire, and\\nburnt for some time. The enemy\\nalways behaved with great spirit on\\nthese occasions. The night of the 21st\\nthey completed their gun battery, which\\nnow presented to us 13 embrasures:\\nthey likewise repaired the damage done\\nby the fire.\\nAbout noon on the 23rd, several sig\u00c2\u00ac\\nnals were made at Cabrita Point, which\\nbrought out a frigate and a xebeque\\nfrom Algeziras. Soon after, we ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved a vessel standing into the bay\\nwith a flowing sail. The xebeque\\npassed her astern but the frigate bore\\ndown, and appeared as if she intended\\nto board. The vessel, however, in\\ncoming abreast, threw in so well-\\ndirected a broadside, that the Spaniard\\nwas greatly confused, and fell astern.\\nThe frigate afterwards wore, and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned the salute; but the vessel was\\nat such a distance that no damage was\\nreceived. On her arrival at the New\\nmole, to our surprise we found her to\\nbe the Mercury ordnance-ship, which\\nhad left the bay in January, and, as\\nwe imagined, was bound to England.\\nSeveral inhabitants, supposing the same,\\nhad taken their passage on board her\\nfor England and never discovered\\ntheir mistake, till, to their great morti\u00c2\u00ac\\nfication, they found, on their entrance\\ninto the Straits, the unpleasant shores\\nof Spain and Barbary, instead of the\\nexhilarating coast of Britain. Captain\\nHeington, who commanded her, on\\nleaving the garrison, had secret orders\\nto put into Lisbon, where he was to\\ntake in a cargo of various articles, and\\nreturn, which orders he had directions\\nnot to divulge to any person, lest the\\nenemy, by their emissaries, should get\\ninformation of the plan, and waylay\\nhim in his voyage back. He accord\u00c2\u00ac\\ningly put into Lisbon, and took in his\\ncargo of wine and fruit. When every\u00c2\u00ac\\nthing, was completed, he pretended", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "106\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VI.\\nsome farther business would still delay\\nhim, and pressed the passengers to\\nembrace the opportunity of the packet,\\nand sail for England. They however\\napproved of their accommodation too\\nwell to remove; and Captain Heington\\nwas reluctantly obliged to bring them\\nback to the garrisoiv The governor\\ndid not suffer the gallant conduct of\\nCaptain Heington to pass unrewarded,\\nbut generously presented him with a\\nhandsome douceur, and strongly re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncommended him to the Admiralty for\\npromotion which accordingly suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded. On the afternoon in which\\nthe Mercury arrived, the enemy fired a\\ngrand feu-de-joie in camp, commencing\\nwith a salute from the lines. They\\nrepeated the fire a fourth time; which\\nled us to imagine they had gained some\\nadvantage at Minorca; and we after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards found that our apprehensions\\nhad been too well founded.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ships in the bay were\\nreinforced on the 24th and 25th with\\na frigate, four or five xebeques, and se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral armed settees; part of which pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nbably had been employed to block up\\nthe port of Mahon. The morning of\\nthe 25th, arrived the St. Ann, ordnance-\\nship, with a supply of powder, and two\\ngun-boats, on a new construction, in\\nframes. We were informed by her\\nthat the Vernon store-ship, under con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoy of a frigate, was on her passage for\\nGibraltar, with ten other gun-boats on\\nboard. The following morning we ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved the enemy had entirely new\u00c2\u00ac\\nfaced the eastern epaulment, and raised\\nit to the height of eight fascines. They\\nalso worked on the magazine of the St.\\nMartin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, and debouched from\\nthe centre of the parallel, throwing up\\na trifling line extending towards the\\nsouth-west. The 27th, four rows of\\nten tents each were pitched in the rear\\nof the Catalonian camp. We imagined\\nthey were occupied by the artillery\\ncadets. At night the enemy added se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral traverses to their thirteen-gun bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery. Beside the arrivals already noted,\\nthree other vessels and several boats\\ncame in in the course of the month.\\nThe 1st of March a flag of truce\\nwent to the enemy, in answer to one\\nfrom them some days before. The\\nSpanish officer who received the packet\\ninformed us that Fort St. Philip, in\\nMinorca, had surrendered on the 5th of\\nFebruary. The succeeding day, a car\u00c2\u00ac\\ncass set fire to the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s thirteen-gun\\nbattery, which continued blazing for\\ntwo hours. On their attempting to ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinguish the fire, we plied them so\\nbriskly, that several were killed and\\nmost of them driven from their work;\\nbut their usual gallantry at last pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nvailed. At night they raised a place\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes at the western extremity of the\\nthirteen-gun battery. These defensive\\nworks demonstrated that they were de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermined to provide as much as possible\\nagainst another sortie. The following\\nnight they repaired the damage done\\nby the fire The carpenters of the\\nnavy, on the 4th, laid the keel of one of\\nthe new gun-boats. The 6th, six rows\\nof tents, ten in each row, were pitched\\nin the rear of the second line of the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, near the horse-barrack.\\nA large party was also employed in\\nmaking a road from the beach to the\\nbarrack, and others were engaged in\\nlanding shells and different ordnance.\\nThese, with other appearances, bespoke\\na determined resolution to prosecute\\nthe siege. Our governor, on the other\\nhand, with unwearied attention em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed the garrison in repairing, and\\nputting in the best order of defence,\\nthe upper batteries, and other works\\nwhich had suffered from the continued\\nbombardment of the enemy. The bridge\\nin the ditch at Landport was likewise\\npulled down, and other alterations took\\nplace in that quarter. The enemy, on\\nthe 8th, raised one face of the eastern\\nredoubt several fascines in height; and\\nfrom the noise heard the preceding\\nnight, we imagined they also finished\\nplatforms in their batteries. The day\\nfollowing, Lieutenant Cuppage, of the\\nRoyal Artillery, was dangerously\\nwounded on the Royal battery, from a\\nsplinter of a small shell, which burst\\nimmediately after being discharged\\nfrom the rock gun above and in the\\nrear of the Royal battery: this was the\\nsecond accident of the same nature.\\nThe 11th a frigate and xebeque passed\\nto the west, with six top-sail vessels,\\nsupposed to be part of the late Minorca", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n107\\ngarrison. The night of the 13th the\\nenemy traced out a work within the\\nwestern place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, apparently with an intention of\\nextending the epaulment. The firing\\non both sides was now considerably in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreased that from the enemy amounted\\non an average to about 300 rounds in\\nthe twenty-four hours.\\nThe operations of the besiegers still\\ncontinued tedious. On the 16th they\\npalisaded the gorge of the centre re\u00c2\u00ac\\ndoubt, and on the 18th began to pitch\\na new camp near the grand magazine\\non the beach. At night they erected\\nthe epaulment of St. Paschal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s mortar\\nbattery, and raised three traverses in\\nthe rear. Lieutenant White, of the\\n56th, was slightly wounded on the 16th.\\nOn the night of the 20th the St. Pas\u00c2\u00ac\\nchal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery was raised three fascines.\\nAt night the wind blew so strong a\\ngale, that the new windmill, on Wind\u00c2\u00ac\\nmill-hill, took fire from the violence of\\nthe friction, and was burnt to the\\nground. The 22ud the enemy made\\nsome trifling additions, and fixed a\\nbarrier-gate at the extremity of the\\nfourth branch of approach. The sub\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequent evening, a little before mid\u00c2\u00ac\\nnight, we were gratified with the safe\\narrival of the Vernon store-ship, having\\non board the remaining ten gun-boats\\nand other materials for the garrison.\\nSome hours after, the Cerberus and\\nApollo frigates, Captains Mann and\\nHamilton, with four transports, having\\nthe 97th regiment on board, anchored\\nunder our guns.\\nThe Vernon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s arrival may be consi\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered as truly fortunate, since no less\\nthan thirty Spanish men-of-war of dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nferent force were out purposely to in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntercept her and the Success frigate, Cap\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain Pole, her convoy. Some leagues\\nto the westward of the Straits they fell\\nin with a forty-gun frigate, which had\\nleft our (blockade) station, and was one\\nof the above-mentioned cruisers. A\\nwarm action consequently commenced;\\nbut the Spaniard, finding the Vernon\\nwell armed, and that she boldly bore\\ndown to support the Success, after an\\nengagement of several glasses, in which\\nthe Vernon had a considerable share,\\nthought proper to submit. On board\\nthe prize were found papers describing\\nthe Vernon to the most minute part of\\nher rigging, at the same time mention\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the officers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 names who were pas\u00c2\u00ac\\nsengers, and every particular article of\\nher cargo; and from the prisoners we\\nlearned the number of ships which\\nwere cruising to intercept her. Cap\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain Pole afterwards burned the Santa\\nCatalina, and separated from the Ver\u00c2\u00ac\\nnon on the appearance of the Cerberus\\nwith her convoy, which he mistook for\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers. The Vernon\\ntherefore proceeded alone for the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, and, at the entrance of the Straits,\\nin the evening, fell in with, and indeed\\nwas surrounded by, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ships;\\nbut, happily, the sky prognosticating a\\nrough night, and she tacking at the\\nsame time they did, they supposed her\\na friend, and stood in for the high land;\\nand at dusk she altered her course, and\\nwas soon safe in her destined port.\\nLieutenant-Colonel Gledstanes, of the\\n72nd regiment, and other officers, came\\nin her as passengers, with recruits for\\nthe different regiments in the garrison.\\nThe next day the 97th regiment, com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmanded by Colonel Stanton, disem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarked 700 complete, and were imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately quartered in Scud-hill and Rosia\\nbarracks. This regiment soon after\\nbecame very sickly, and, though they\\nwere attended to with the greatest care\\nby the governor and officers, in a few\\nmonths many of them died, and the\\nrest were of little assistance to the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison before September.\\nThe enemy, on the night of the 24th,\\nwere discovered, from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, at work\\nin the front of the epaulment, at the\\neastern extremity of the parallel; a\\nfew rounds of grape, however, quickly\\ndrove them under cover: they made\\nseveral attempts to proceed, but were\\nas constantly obliged to retire. The\\nsucceeding morning we observed they\\nhad employed parties in other parts of\\ntheir works. The communication to\\nthe centre redoubt was raised, many\\ntraverses were erected behind the fourth\\napproach, and a considerable quantity\\nof fascines and other materials brought\\ndown to their works. In the forenoon\\nof the 25th, the Spanish officers belong\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to the Santa Catalina, who were", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "108\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[CHAP. VI.\\nbrought to the garrison in the Vernon,\\nwere sent by a flag of truce into Spain\\non their parole. In the course of the\\nday a shot came through one of the\\ncapped embrasures on Princess Amelia\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s), took off the legs of\\ntwo men belonging to the 72nd and\\n73rd regiments, one leg of a soldier of\\nthe 73rd, and wounded another man in\\nboth legs; thus four men had seven\\nlegs taken off and wounded by one\\nshot. The boy, who was usually sta\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned on the works where a large party\\nwas employed to inform the men when\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire was directed to that\\nplace, had been reproving them for\\ntheir carelessness in not attending to\\nhim, and had just turned his head to\u00c2\u00ac\\nward the enemy, when he observed this\\nshot, and instantly called for them to\\ntake care; his caution was, however,\\ntoo late the shot entered the embra\u00c2\u00ac\\nsure, and had the above-recited fatal\\neffect. It is somewhat singular that\\nthis boy should be possessed of such\\nuncommon quickness of sight as to see\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shot almost immediately\\nafter they quitted the guns. He was\\nnot, however, the only one in the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison possessing this qualification; an\u00c2\u00ac\\nother boy of about the same age was as\\ncelebrated, if not his superior. Both\\nof them belonged to the Artificer com\u00c2\u00ac\\npany, and were constantly placed on\\nsome part of the works to observe the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire; their names were Richard\u00c2\u00ac\\nson and Brand; the former was reputed\\nto have the best eye.*\\nThe night of the 25th, the enemy\\nextended their parallel in a continued\\ndirection with the old work about one\\nhundred yards, with casks and fascines,\\nbanked up with sand in front. The\\nsucceeding evening, we perceived seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nThese boys were afterwards patronized by\\nsome officers of their corps, and, being found\\nquick and very intelligent, were placed in the\\nengineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s drawing-room, and eventually ob\u00c2\u00ac\\ntained commissions in the corps of engineers.\\nOne of the works of these young men, while\\npursuing their studies at Woolwich, was to\\nfinish the large model of the Rock of Gibraltar,\\nwhich formerly stood in the model-room there,\\nand was much admired for beauty of execution\\nand minute correctness. It was destroyed in\\nthe fire by which that building was consumed.\\nRichardson and Brand both died of yellow\\nfever in the West Indies.\\nral guns in the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery;\\nand it was imagined, that ordnance\\nwere brought forward for the other\\nbatteries. The night of the 26th, they\\nbegan merlons for six embrasures in\\nthe eastern redoubt, two in each face\\nopening on the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Tower, Lines,\\nand Old mole: they also lengthened\\nthe parallel, and strengthened that part\\nwhich was raised the preceding night.\\nThe 28th, they scaled several guns and\\nmortars in the advanced batteries; and\\nthe following day, we concluded, they\\nmounted all their ordnance, as their\\nworking parties gave a general huzza,\\nand then withdrew for the day.\\nOur opponents at this time scarcely\\nexpended more than 200 rounds in the\\n24 hours; but we frequently saluted\\nthem with double that number in that\\nperiod. The night of the 28th and\\n29th, the enemy lined with fascines\\nthe prolongation of the parallel, and\\nerected five traverses in the eastern re\u00c2\u00ac\\ndoubt. Their batteries near the tower\\nnow appeared to be completed; the\\nfourth month being just expired since\\nthey had been destroyed. The 31st,\\nbeing a grand festival, our batteries\\nwere double manned, expecting the\\nbesiegers would open their advanced\\nbatteries; but not firing, the reinforce\u00c2\u00ac\\nment was remanded at noon. In the\\nevening, about six o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, a shell set\\nfire to the flank of the eastern redoubt,\\nand, the flame being assisted with a\\nbrisk discharge, burned rapidly for\\nsome hours: at last, however, the\\nenemy extinguished it. The succeed\u00c2\u00ac\\ning morning, we perceived that they\\nhad covered with sand the part which\\nhad taken fire, and a number of fascines\\nwere lying in great confusion about\\nthe work. The same night, a boat\\ncame in from Portugal with sheep,\\noranges, lemons, and fowls two others\\nalso arrived in the course of the month.\\nOn the evening of the 1st of April,\\na soldier of the 39th regiment deserted\\nfrom Landport: several hundred rounds\\nof musketry and grape were discharged\\nat him, some of which it is imagined\\ntook effect, as he dropped just before\\nhe got to the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, and\\nwas carried into the work by seven of\\nthe guard. At dusk, a volunteer of", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n10S\\nArragon came over to us: he brought\\nhis arms and. some necessaries, which,\\nwith other circumstances, occasioned a\\nsuspicion of his being a spy. He re\u00c2\u00ac\\nported that the enemy had suffered\\nconsiderably in restoring their batte\u00c2\u00ac\\nries upward of 400 being killed, and\\nnearly as many more wounded. The\\neastern redoubt, he informed us, was\\ncalled the Mahon battery. The enemy,\\non the 2nd, began to pitch tents in rear\\nof the Walon guards: they were af\u00c2\u00ac\\nterwards increased to six double rows,\\ncapable of quartering a battalion of\\ninfantry.\\nAs grates for heating shot were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntributed on the different northern bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries in the beginning of this month,\\nwe imagined the governor intended\\napplying red-hot shot against the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works, which appeared now com\u00c2\u00ac\\nplete. We were however disappointed;\\nthey were still reserved as a bonne\\nbouche, for the closing of the scene.\\nThe night of the 5th, the enemy\\nerected, at the extremity of the paral\u00c2\u00ac\\nlel, a place d armes, of four sides, one\\nof which was the parallel lengthened,\\nthe other three extending in obtuse\\nangles to the rear. The 6th, Colonel\\nStanton was appointed a brigadier-\\ngeneral; and Captain Blanckley, of\\nthe 97th regiment, his brigade-major.\\nThe 8th, we perceived some tents\\npitched upon the plain beneath the\\nruins of Carteia; and the following\\nday this camp was increased with five\\ndouble rows of tents: a regiment in\\nwhite took possession in the evening.\\nThe 9th, a regiment in blue marched\\ninto the new camp, pitched the 2nd of\\nthis month. The same day all the\\ncarpenters of the regiments in garrison\\n(those of the 97th regiment excepted)\\nwere ordered, wflth a hundred addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntional real men, into the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works.\\nAt night the enemy made some altera\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions near St. Paschal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, and\\nstrengthened the place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes at the\\nextremity of the parallel. The 10th,\\nLieutenant Wetham, of the 12th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, was killed by a splinter of a\\nshell, marching at the head of the\\nspur-guard up the ramp, from Land-\\nport ditch. His servant also lost his\\narm, and the drummer had his drum\\nbroken to pieces: but the rest of the\\nguard escaped. This young officer be\u00c2\u00ac\\ning much liked, his death was much\\nregretted; and it seemed particularly\\nunfortunate, as the enemy only fired\\nthat fatal shell, and one shot, in the\\nearlier part of the day.\\nA Faro boat arrived on the 11th\\nfrom Portugal, with dispatches for the\\ngovernor. A private letter, sent from\\nLisbon by this boat, communicated to\\nus most important intelligence: it\\nmentioned, that great preparations were\\nmaking at Cadiz, and in the Mediter\u00c2\u00ac\\nranean ports, for a most vigorous at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntack on Gibraltar; and that the Due\\nde Crillon, who had lately taken St.\\nPhilip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, was to command with 20,000\\nFrench and Spanish troops, in addition\\nto what were at present before the\\ngarrison; with Monsieur d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Ar^on, a\\nFrench engineer of great eminence and\\nabilities; and Admiral Don Bonaven-\\ntura Moreno, with 10 sail of the line,\\nbeside floating-batteries, gun and mor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntar boats, c. c. The truth of this\\nintelligence we little doubted, as many\\ncircumstances now occurred daily that\\nserved to confirm it. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncannonade, in the course of the 12th,\\nwas singular indeed: from six in the\\nmorning to sunset, they fired every\\ntwo or three minutes a single gun or\\nmortar and being the anniversary of\\ntheir bombardment, it appeared still\\nmore extraordinary. Some jocular\\npersons in the garrison remarked, that\\nperhaps they were commemorating the\\nday with fasting and prayer, and by\\ntheir minute-guns expressing their sor\u00c2\u00ac\\nrow, that so many thousand barrels of\\npowder, and rounds of ammunition,\\nshould have been expended to so little\\npurpose. Their firing from the 12th\\ngradually decreased, for about a week;\\nwhen, for a few nights, they fired\\nbrisker than usual. It afterwards di\u00c2\u00ac\\nminished to about a hundred rounds on\\nan average in the 24 hours, and scarcely\\nexceeded that number during the re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmainder of the month. Their fascine\\nparties continued to be actively em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed preparing materials in their\\nparks and long strings of mules were\\nconstantly removing them to the lines\\nand advanced batteries. Throughout", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "no\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. vi.\\ntheir camp new life seemed to be in\u00c2\u00ac\\nfused into the troops: instead of that\\ninactive languor which had so long\\nprevailed in all their operations, every\\nperson now appeared in motion.\\nThe morning of the 16th we re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmarked that the enemy had repaired\\nthe eastern part of the Mahon battery,\\nwhich had been burnt down the latter\\nend of the preceding month. Some\\nother trifling additions were also made\\nto this work. The 20th arrived the\\nAntigallican ordnance-ship from Eng\u00c2\u00ac\\nland. The nights of the 21st and 22nd\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parties added some further\\nrepairs to the Mahon battery: they also\\nraised a small work near the tower, and\\nerected several traverses in various\\nparts of the parallel. The 24th one of\\nour new gun-boats, which had been\\nlaunched on the 18th, was tried with\\nan eighteen-pounder on board; and the\\npractice met with the approbation of\\nthe governor and officers of the navy.\\nAs a person was sent out in the Vernon\\nto superintend their construction, the\\nkeels of several other boats after his\\narrival were immediately laid on the\\nstocks and the carpenters, being now\\nacquainted with the marks, proceeded\\nwith confidence and expedition: four\\nor five more therefore were in great\\nforwardness. We observed about this\\ntime numbers of boats passing and re\u00c2\u00ac\\npassing between Algeziras and Point\\nMala; and two ships in the river\\nPalmones, which we imagined were\\nfitting out as fire-ships: precautions\\nwere therefore taken to render them\\nineffectual, in case they resolved on\\nanother attempt to burn our frigates.\\nThe 25th, a little before daybreak, a\\ndeserter came in from the enemy: he\\nwas a native of Arragon, and comrade\\nto the last: he confirmed our informa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion from Lisbon respecting the in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended attack, under the command of\\nthe Due de Crillon; adding, that they\\nhad resolved to make the principal\\nattack by sea; for which purpose large\\nships were to be fitted up in a peculiar\\nmanner with junk, cork, c. The new\\ncamp, near Rocadillo Point, he said,\\nwas occupied by the regiment of Cor\u00c2\u00ac\\ndova infantry, lately arrived from\\nCeuta.\\nThough their camp had been con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderably reinforced within the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding six weeks, yet we could not\\nobserve that they had made any addition\\nto their advanced guards, which con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued to be about the same number as\\nmentioned some months before. The\\n28th they raised the merlons of the\\nMahon battery with sand-bags. In the\\ncourse of the day they brought down\\ntwo guns from their artillery park to\\nFort Tonara, whither they had carried\\nfour the preceding day. The 30th\\nthey began laying platforms in the\\nMahon battery: on the same day we\\nlaunched our second gun-boat. Seven\\nmore were on the stocks.\\nIn the beginning of May the enemy\\nrepaired the west branch of the St.\\nCarlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, which fell down some time\\nbefore, and made some alterations in\\nthe Black battery. Several hundred\\nmules came likewise with clay to the\\nlines. From seven in the evening of\\nthe 4th, to the same hour the succeed\u00c2\u00ac\\ning afternoon, both the garrison and\\nthe enemy were silent. This was the\\nfirst twenty-four hours in which there\\nhad been no firing for the space of\\nnearly thirteen months.\\nThe evening of the 7th the Cerberus\\nand Apollo frigates, with four trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nports and four ordnance-ships, sailed\\nfor England. The succeeding morning\\nwe observed that three of the transports\\nwere captured, and, in company with\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cruisers, were then turning\\nto windward. In the afternoon of the\\n9th, a line-of-battle ship, with seven\\nlarge vessels and a few polacres and\\ntartans, arrived in the bay from the\\nwest, and anchored at Algeziras. At\\ndusk the large vessels, which appeared\\nto be the old men-of-war or galleons,\\nhauled close in shore. The governor,\\nat night, ordered a picket to reinforce\\nWaterport guard. The enemy still\\ncontinued discharging about a hundred\\nrounds every twenty-four hours; and\\ntheir parties as well as ours were em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed in making trifling additions and\\nrepairs. The arrival of the above-\\nmentioned shipping at Algeziras occa\u00c2\u00ac\\nsioned various conjectures: from many\\ncircumstances we had reason to ima\u00c2\u00ac\\ngine they were intended for the attack", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\nIll\\nby sea, which was meditating against\\nthe garrison. The governor and chief\\nengineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s attention consequently be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncame engaged toward the sea-line: the\\nbeach behind the Old mole was fortified\\nwith a row of sloping palisades; Water-\\nport gateway was well barricaded, and\\na chevaux-de-frise ordered to be got\\nready to place at the foot of Landport\\nglacis: the ramp in the ditch was like\u00c2\u00ac\\nwise removed; and those batteries on\\nthe sea-line, which they conceived\\nmight probably be opposed to the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s attack, were inspected, and put\\nin the best order of defence.\\nThe enemy, about the 12th, removed\\nand made a new arrangement of their\\nordnance in the forts and batteries\\nalong the coasts: we supposed they\\nwere changing them for others of a\\nlarger calibre. The 14th several of\\nthe large ships at Algeziras struck their\\nyards and top-masts, and a great num\u00c2\u00ac\\nber of men appeared on board them;\\nwhich movements left us no longer to\\ndoubt that they were intended to be fitted\\nup as floating batteries for the grand\\nattack: this opinion was confirmed in\\nthe afternoon, by their beginning to\\ncut down the poops of two of them.\\nThe subsequent day three store-ships,\\nthe Queen Charlotte, Leonora, and\\nCharles, arrived from England with\\npowder, shells, bedding, and timber.\\nThree gun-boats, on their appearance\\nin the Gut, went from the point to\\nspeak them; but, the ships hoisting\\nFrench colours, and standing for Alge\u00c2\u00ac\\nziras, the boats were deceived, and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned: the false colours were soon\\nafter struck, and British displayed; and\\nthey arrived without opposition. The\\nnew gun-boats which were launched\\nwere on this occasion of particular ser\u00c2\u00ac\\nvice and before night 1900 barrels of\\npowder were secured in our magazines.\\nThe enemy on the 17 th opened thirteen\\nlarge port-holes in the larboard side of\\none of the ships at Algeziras, and seven\\nin another.\\nTheir operations now in the ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced works almost totally ceased;\\ntheir whole attention seemed occupied\\nby the ships at Algeziras, and by ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrangements in their camp. Cannon\\nand a variety of military stores were\\nlanded beyond Point Mala, and a strong\\nparty was employed in erecting a large\\nbuilding near the landing-place, which\\nwe conjectured was for an hospital.\\nThe firing on both sides varied as cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstances directed. Three men of the\\n58th regiment were missing on the\\n19th; and, a party being immediately\\nsent in quest of them, their bodies were\\nfound dashed to pieces behind the rock;\\nthe rope by which they were to have\\ndescended being many yards too short.\\nThe enemy were very active about\\ntheir ships; eleven port-holes were\\nopened in the side of a third; and, on\\nthe 21st, they began to strengthen their\\nlarboard sides with some materials\\nwhich appeared like junk. The elas\u00c2\u00ac\\nticity and resistance of this article ren\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered it very eligible for the purpose.\\nOn the land side they continued collect\u00c2\u00ac\\ning brushwood from all parts of the\\ncountry, and had strong parties at work\\nmaking fascines. At the landing-place\\nstores of every species were daily dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nembarked. On the other hand, the\\ngarrison, with unwearied assiduity,\\nmade various dispositions to repel their\\nattack. The sloping palisades at Water-\\nport by this time were finished, and the\\ngateway barricaded, excepting a small\\npassage for the wicket. To this post the\\ngovernor seemed particularly to attend.\\nThe intentions of the enemy were no\\nlonger mysterious: every preparation\\nwas therefore made to give them a\\nwarm reception: an additional number\\nof grates for heating shot were made\\nand distributed along the line-wall;\\nand the navy lowered their yards and\\ntopmasts, to be in readiness to act on\\nshore at a moment\u00e2\u0080\u0099s notice.\\nA privateer xebeque arrived on the\\n25th from Leghorn, with a Corsican\\nofficer and 12 privates, who came to\\noffer their services as volunteers during\\nthe approaching attack; which the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor accepted, and ordered them to\\nbe entertained by different regiments\\ntill the others arrived, who, they in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed us, were on their passage. In\\nthe evening a large building, to the\\neast of the Catalonian camp, took fire,\\nand was totally consumed: it had for\u00c2\u00ac\\nmerly been a barrack, but was now, as\\nthe deserters informed us, a granary", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "112\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VI.\\nfor forage and corn. We numbered at\\nthis time upward of 100 pieces of can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnon in the artillery park of the enemy.\\nThe 25th the engineers began to mine\\na gallery from a place above Farring-\\ndon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s), to communicate\\nthrough the rock to a notch or pro\u00c2\u00ac\\njection of the rock, below Green\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nLodge, in which the governor proposed\\nto make a battery. The 26th another\\nvessel arrived from Algiers, and brought\\nletters, acquainting us that it was uni\u00c2\u00ac\\nversally believed in Spain, that the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, from the magnitude of the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nparations for the attack, inevitably must\\nbe taken before the end of July. The\\nsame day about noon a large fleet ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared from the east, upward of 100\\nsail of which we observed in the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning enter the bay, and anchor between\\nthe river Palmones and Algeziras. The\\nsucceeding morning we were enabled\\nto make our observations on them:\\nthree were large and armed, one of\\nthem with a flag at her mizen: the\\nrest were ships with troops on board,\\nand small polacres and settees, sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed from their appearance to be laden\\nwith stores. In the course of the 27tli,\\n28th, and 29th, they landed, it was\\nimagined, about 12 battalions; which,\\ncalculated at about 750 to each bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntalion, amounted to about 9000 men, if\\nthe regiments were complete. As the\\ntroops disembarked, they encamped in\\nthe rear of the second line, extending\\ntoward the horse-barrack now called\\nBuena Yista, which, we understood\\nfrom the last deserters, had been fitted\\nup for the commander-in-chief\u00e2\u0080\u0099s quar\u00c2\u00ac\\nters others of them occupied the\\nground on the left of the first line, and\\non the right of the Catalonians, in an\\nobtuse direction up the hill toward the\\nQueen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Chair. Large parties\\nwere detached to land the military\\nstores.\\nA flag of truce came from the enemy\\nmi the 28th, with a letter from Mr.\\nAnderson, a merchant who had left the\\ngarrison some days before, and had\\nbeen taken on his passage to Faro.\\nBefore the purport of the flag was\\nknown, the governor, speaking to the\\nofficers near him, said he supposed\\nthe duke was arrived, and had sent to\\nsummon the garrison; but he should\\ngive him a short answer, No,\u00e2\u0080\u0094No,\\nand hoped the gentlemen (addressing\\nhimself to the officers present) would\\nall support him.\u00e2\u0080\u009d He had not, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, an opportunity of being so spirit\u00c2\u00ac\\nedly laconic. The day following we\\nperceived a new encampment between\\nthe Catalonians and the left of the first\\nline, and great additions were made to\\nthose mentioned before. Six of their\\nbattering-ships were now in hand, and\\nan universal activity was observed\\nthroughout their camp. The firing on\\nboth sides varied very little: if there\\nwere any difference in the number of\\nrounds, the garrison had the advantage.\\nOur engineers at this time were em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed in repairing the damaged and\\nuneven platforms on the sea-line bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries, and the artillery in disposing of\\nthe heavy ordnance where they would\\nact with greater execution and effect\\nScarce a day now passed but vessels of\\nall denominations arrived in the bay,\\nat the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, the generality\\nof which seemed laden with military\\nstores and materials for the siege.\\nJune did not commence with any\u00c2\u00ac\\nthing extraordinary. The 2nd Bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngadier Stanton died of a coup de soleil.\\nThe enemy, the following day, pitched\\nseveral large tents to the southward of\\nAlgeziras, for the accommodation of\\nthe workmen employed in fitting up\\ntheir ships. The 4th, being his Ma\u00c2\u00ac\\njesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s birthday, the last of our new\\ngun-boats was launched; and at noon\\nthe whole fired a salute, commencing\\nwith a salvo of 44 guns shotted, from\\nthe north front of the garrison: the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries instantly returned our\\nland-fire, and in so smart a manner as\\nto convince us they had prepared to re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntaliate. The following are the names\\nof the gun-boats, and ships from which\\nthey were manned:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nFrom the Brilliant frigate.\\nRevenge one 24-pounder 21 men\\nDefiance one 24 do. 21 do.\\nResolution one 18 do. 21 do.\\nSpitfire one 18 do. 21 do.\\nDreadnought one 18 do. 21 do.\\nThunder one 18 do. 21 do.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n113\\nFrom the Porcupine frigate.\\nEuropa one 24 pounder 21 men\\nTerrible one 18 do. 21 do.\\nFury one 18 do. 21 do.\\nScourge one 18 do. 21 do.\\nTerror one 18 do. 21 do.\\nFrom the Speedwell cutter.\\nVengeance one 18 do. 21 do.\\nOn the 5th, three rows of double\\ntents, ten in each row, were pitched\\nnear Barcelo\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, at Algeziras.\\nMr, M\u00e2\u0080\u0098Gregor, a volunteer in the 73rd,\\nwas wounded the same day by a shell,\\nof which article the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s artillery,\\nwithin a day or two, had been more\\nprofuse than usual. The 6th, Captain\\nWideburg of Reden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s was wounded in\\nthe Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines. On the 7th, our\\nartillery practised from the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion, with red-hot shot, against the\\nIrishman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s brig, which was stranded\\nat the back of the Old mole. In the\\nfirst round, whilst one of the artillery\u00c2\u00ac\\nmen was putting in the shot, the fire\\nby some means immediately communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncated to the cartridge, and the unfor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunate man was blown from the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbrasure in some hundred pieces: two\\nothers were also slightly wounded with\\nthe unexpected recoil of the carriage.\\nThe practice after this accident was\\ndiscontinued. In the evening, a shell\\nfell into a quarter in town, and carried\\naway part of a chair, in which Ensign\\nM Kenzie, of the 73rd, was sitting: it\\nimmediately burst in the room below,\\nand lifted him and the chair from the\\nfloor, without farther injury.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s inactivity in their ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced batteries was sufficiently com\u00c2\u00ac\\npensated by their diligence and celerity\\nat Algeziras: six ships were now in\\ngreat forwardness, and on the 10th they\\nbegan upon another. Of this interval\\nof tranquillity, as we may call it\\n(though the enemy had not quite dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncontinued their fire), the governor took\\nadvantage, and employed it with inde\u00c2\u00ac\\nfatigable zeal in completing the works\\nof the garrison. New batteries bearing\\non Waterport, which appeared to be his\\ngrand object of defence, were opened\\nin the Moorish castle; a caissoned bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery was also erected at Upper Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\nand some alterations made in the lines;\\nmovable palisades, with casks of earth,\\nsand, c. were distributed in various\\nparts along the line-wall, to be ready\\nin case a breach should be effected;\\nand the outworks at Landport under\u00c2\u00ac\\nwent some advantageous alterations.\\nTwo or three men about this time\\nattempted to desert; but they were all\\nretaken.\\nOn the 11th, between ten and eleven\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, an unlucky shell from the\\nenemy fell through the splinter-proof,\\nat the door of the magazine on Prin\u00c2\u00ac\\ncess Anne\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery (Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s), and\\nbursting, communicated to the powder,\\nwhich instantly blew up. The explo\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion was so violent as to shake the\\nwhole rock, and throw the materials\\non both sides an almost incredible way\\ninto the sea. Three merlons on the\\nwest flank of the battery, with several\\nunfortunate men who had run behind\\nthem for shelter, were forced down\\nfrom the level of the platforms into the\\nPrince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, which, with the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbelow, were almost filled with rubbish.\\nAnother magazine near it happily\\nescaped, though the door was thrown\\nopen by the explosion. Our loss by\\nthis dreadful accident was chiefly\\namong the workmen who were em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed on the flank of the battery:\\n1 drummer, and 13 rank and file, were\\nkilled; 3 serjeants, 3 drummers, and\\n9 rank and file, wounded. Immedi\u00c2\u00ac\\nately after the report of the explosion,\\nand on the appearance of the large\\ncolumn of smoke, the enemy gave a\\nloud huzza; their drums beat to arms\\nin the camp; and some persons aver\\nthat their first line assembled, and were\\nactually on their march towards Fort\\nSt. Philip, but afterwards returned. As\\nthe engineers, after the accident, got\\ntogether the remains of the party, to\\neffectually secure the magazine which\\nhad so miraculously escaped, the enemy\\ncontinued the cannonade the remainder\\nof the day; and, as if fate was resolved\\nat that particular time to sport with our\\nanxiety, in the course of this firing two\\nother shells fell upon the remaining\\nmagazine, and one into the very splin\u00c2\u00ac\\nter-proof in front of the door. Happily\\nthe latter did not go through; for if it\\nhad, this magazine might have shared\\ni", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "114\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. vi.\\nthe fate of its neighbour, and the whole\\nof the batteries at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s have pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nbably been materially injured. Prin\u00c2\u00ac\\ncess Anne\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, the flank of it ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ncepted, was not considerably damaged;\\nthe caissoned merlons were much\\nshaken, and the battery filled with\\nrubbish. However, before night the\\nwhole was cleared away, and several\\nrounds fired from that battery, as well\\nas from the other batteries, to con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvince the enemy that the misfortune\\nwas not of so much importance as they\\nprobably imagined. Indeed, from so\\ndreadful an accident it was wonderful\\nthat the injury was not of greater con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsequence.\\nThe navy, on the 13th, under the\\ndirection of the engineers, began to\\ncaisson the west face of the New mole\\nfort. About sunset, a soldier of the\\n58th regiment, who had lately joined\\nin the Vernon, deserted from Land-\\nport at night a picket was ordered to\\nreinforce that guard. The 14th, a\\nFrench frigate, with 18 or 19 polacres,\\nc. arrived in the bay. The same\\nafternoon, a xebeque, returning to Al-\\ngeziras, from the east, stood in so close\\nto the garrison, that she was perplexed\\nby the eddy-winds, and remained a\\nconsiderable time stationary. The gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison fired upon her, and the gun-boats\\nwere manned, and rowed out to attack\\nher; but two of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s boats,\\ncoming to her assistance, towed her\\nhead round; and soon after a breeze\\ncarried her out of all danger. If our\\nboats had got out a little earlier, she\\nmight have been roughly handled;\\nand some were sanguine enough to\\nthink she might have been taken.\\nAs boats were constantly detached\\nby the navy at nightfall, to row guard\\nat some distance from the garrison, and\\ngive information of the approach of the\\ngun-boats, or any other vessels, curio\u00c2\u00ac\\nsity often prompted them to approach\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shore; and for some pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding nights they reported, that they\\nheard, at Algeziras, a noise like that of\\nmen hard at work; whence we con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncluded, their impatience to finish their\\nbattering-ships made them embrace all\\nopportunities, both by day and night.\\nThe 16th, a new camp was observed\\nbetween the grand magazine and the\\nOrange-grove. The battalion which\\noccupied it were supposed to be disem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarked from the small convoy which\\narrived on the 14th. At night, a noise\\nof boats was distinctly heard from our\\nprames, at some distance in the bay;\\nit however ceased on a gun being fired\\ntowards that quarter. This circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstance occasioned new signals to be\\nappointed for the prames. The 97th\\nregiment, on the 17th, for the first time,\\ngave a picket of 40 men. The follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning day, Hardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiment was\\nordered, in case of an alarm, to act\\nwith the 58th at Europa, instead of\\nmarching to town. In the afternoon,\\na French convoy, of upwards of 60 sail,\\nunder 3 frigates, anchored in the bay,\\noff the Guadaranque, from the east.\\nAs most of the ships had troops on\\nboard, we concluded it was the French\\nreinforcement, of which we had re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived previous information. It proved\\nto be a detachment from the French\\narmy, which had succeeded in the cap\u00c2\u00ac\\nture of Minorca a short time before.\\nThe following evening, several Spanish\\nand French general officers, with their\\nsuites, visited the lines; where they\\nremained, excepting one general, who,\\naccompanied by an artillery-officer and\\nan engineer, came forward to the ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced works, and stood some time in\\nfront of the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. At\\nthis time a group of those who remained\\nin the lines were assembled on the\\nglacis: our artillery thought proper to\\ngive them a shot, which the general in\\nthe advanced works probably took as a\\nhint to retire; for he immediately pulled\\noff his hat, and returned into the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery. This circumstance served to con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfirm us in our conjectures that the rein\u00c2\u00ac\\nforcement was French; and it was\\ncomputed to be about 5000 men. Soon\\nafter the above fleet arrived, 5 gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats approached very near the town,\\napparently out of bravado, to demon\u00c2\u00ac\\nstrate to their new friends how con\\ntemptuously they considered us; but,\\na few rounds taking effect, they retired\\nin great confusion, and most likely paid\\ndear for their arrogance. The 20th\\nand 21st, the French troops disem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarked, and encamped to the east of", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n115\\nthe stone quarry, immediately under\\nthe Queen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Chair.\\nAs affairs were daily becoming more\\ninteresting, the serjeants, and such\\ndrummers of the garrison as were able,\\nwere ordered, in case of alarm, to turn\\nout with firelocks and accoutrements;\\nwhich were accordingly delivered to\\nthe different regiments from the grand\\nstore. The governor seemed deter\u00c2\u00ac\\nmined to have no idle hands in the\\nplace at such a critical time. Musi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncians, who before had been exempted\\nfrom duty, also returned to the use of\\nthe firelock and shovel.\\nThe morning of the 21st, two Ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoese, formerly inhabitants of the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, who had been tak^n by the\\nenemy in a settee bound for Gibraltar,\\nmade their escape in a boat from a\\nprison-ship at Algeziras. They in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed us that the grand attack was\\nfixed to be in September; but that all,\\nboth sailors and soldiers, were much\\naverse to the enterprise. In the after\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoon, two general officers again visited\\nthe lines; and we remarked their\\nguards did not relieve at their usual\\nhour, but probably came down after\\ntwilight. From the 19th to the 21st,\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire daily diminished; and\\non the 22nd, about five in the evening,\\ntheir batteries were totally silent. This\\nsudden cessation induced us to conclude\\nthat the Due de Crillon had assumed\\nthe command of the combined army.\\ni\\n12", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "116\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[ciiap. vii.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nSpaniards very active in completing their battering-ships\u00e2\u0080\u0094The nephew of the celebrated Cor\u00c2\u00ac\\nsican general, Pascal Paoli, arrives at Gibraltar, and offers, with others of his countrymen,\\nto act as a volunteer during the siege\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy, after great preparations, commence the\\nadditional works on the isthmus\u00e2\u0080\u0094Letters between the Due de Crillon and General Eliott\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works are by accident set on fire, which induces the duke to protect them by a\\ntemporary cannonade\u00e2\u0080\u0094The British seamen landed and formed into a marine brigade\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nActive operations of the besiegers\u00e2\u0080\u0094Some of the battering-ships remove to the Orango-\\ngrove, where the enemy begin to assemble their maritime force\u00e2\u0080\u0094Lieut. General Boyd re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncommends an immediate trial of hot shot, the success of which provokes the enemy to open\\ntheir new batteries before they are completed\u00e2\u0080\u0094The combined fleets of France and Spain\\narrive in the bay of Gibraltar\u00e2\u0080\u0094The grand attack\u00e2\u0080\u0094The battering-ships destroyed, and the\\nenemy rescued from inevitable death by the gallantry of the marine brigade\u00e2\u0080\u0094Conduct of\\nthe besiegers after their defeat, till their small craft disperse.\\nThe court of Madrid, whose whole\\nattention seemed bent upon the reco\u00c2\u00ac\\nvery of Gibraltar, had hitherto found\\nall her attempts, whether by sea or\\nland, totally ineffectual, and the re\u00c2\u00ac\\npeated disgrace which her arms had\\nsuffered could not fail to mortify her\\npride. The cruel and wanton destruc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the town had tended to no other\\npurpose than to reflect dishonour on\\nher measures in the eye of Europe.\\nPride and revenge, therefore, now\\nurged her to the utmost exertions of\\nher power and skill, so that no means\\nwere neglected, no expense was spared,\\nto insure success. Her treasures were\\nlavishly expended; the labour of the\\nnation was exhausted in the magni\u00c2\u00ac\\ntude of the preparations; and her\\nwhole naval and military force now ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared directed to the recovery of that\\nnatural and ancient appendage of the\\ncrown.\\nThe Due de Crillon, lately returned\\nfrom the conquest of Fort St. Philip,\\nwho had formerly commanded at the\\nSpanish lines before Gibraltar, and\\nwas perfectly acquainted with the situ\u00c2\u00ac\\nation of the garrison, was appointed to\\nconduct the military force to be em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed in this arduous and interesting\\nenterprise. With him were joined\\nMonsieur d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Argon (a French engineer\\nof great repute) and Admiral Moreno.\\nThe former had projected a plan, which\\nhad met with the approbation of his\\nMost Catholic Majesty, for attacking the\\nplace with battering-ships, constructed\\nupon such principles that they were\\nequally considered as impregnable and\\nincombustible; and, from the prodigious\\npowers of which, little else was ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npected than almost the annihilation of\\nthe garrison: the latter had rendered\\nhimself equally eminent with the gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nral in the preceding conquest of Mi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnorca. Under commanders of such\\ndistinguished ability, aided by every\\ncombination of force which human in\u00c2\u00ac\\nvention could devise, we need not in\\nthe least wonder at the flattering idea,\\nuniversally formed by the nation, of\\nthe event.\\nGeneral Eliott, on the opposite side,\\nunawed by the impending storm, pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nvided for every circumstance which\\nmight occur. Though surrounded on\\nevery hand with enemies, and far dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntant from any hopes of relief and assist\u00c2\u00ac\\nance, yet he reposed such confidence in\\nthe vigorous and united exertions of\\nthe little army under his command,\\nwhom he had already found superior\\nto the greatest hardships, that he was\\nnot apprehensive of trusting the event\\nto the decision of that fortune, which", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n117\\nhad been so often favourable to the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nterests of the garrison.\\nThe 24th of June, the garrison began\\nto practise parapet-firing, with ball, at\\ncasks placed at different distances in\\nthe bay. Two days following, the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannon were all under metal,\\nand their advanced sentries and guards\\nwere reinforced. At Algeziras they\\nstill continued to work on seven ships:\\nand in camp numerous parties were\\nemployed in landing great quantities of\\nstores, and in ranging ordnance, c. in\\ntheir artillery park. Early on the\\nmorning of the 27th, the captain of the\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines guard challenged two\\npersons who had approached to Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbarrier; one of whom, finding they\\nwere observed, cried out in French,\\nDon\u00e2\u0080\u0099t fire! after which, both in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly ran away toward the lines. In\\ntheir retreat, one of them fell, and, his\\ncloak coming unfolded, our sentries\\ncould distinguish that his uniform was\\nwhite; which circumstance, added to\\nthat of their speaking French, induced\\nus to conclude they were officers of\\nthat nation. A person of distinction,\\nsupposed to be the Due de Crillon, on\\nthe 30th, visited the lines and ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced works. Our artillery fired a\\nshot over him and his suite, to show\\nthem that they were observed. At\\nnight, a soldier of the 56th, attempting\\nto desert from the Signal-house guard,\\nwas dashed to pieces in his descent\\nThe next day his body was exposed as\\na public spectacle, to intimidate others\\nfrom provoking a similar fate.\\nIn the beginning of July, the tenth\\nship had been in hand two or three\\ndays; and the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s artificers were\\nat work on the tops of those which\\nwere in the greatest forwardness,\\nplacing strong timbers, in form of a\\ndos d\u00e2\u0080\u0099ane, to serve as bomb-proofs.\\nAt night they raised their parallel se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral fascines in height, and banked it\\nup in front with sand. Though the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries had continued silent\\nsince the 22nd of June, the garrison\\npersevered in a brisk discharge, direct\u00c2\u00ac\\ning their fire to all parts of the lines,\\nas well as the advanced works. The\\nevening of the 2nd, a party of the\\nenemy advanced to Bay-side barrier;\\nbut several rounds of grape, which\\nwere fired from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, soon forced\\nthem to retire. The succeeding evening\\nthey again attempted to take post there,\\nand met with a similar reception. Our\\nnavy, under the direction of an en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngineer, about this time repaired the\\nboom of Waterport, and sunk anchors\\nin the shallow water at the back of the\\nOld mole. The enemy, though we ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npected it, never molested them in this\\nduty: indeed they seemed too intent\\nupon their own operations to pay atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion to any of ours.\\nThe success attending our progress\\nin the gallery above Farringdon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, produced the idea of making a\\ncommunication from the extremity of\\nthe King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s to the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines; and,\\non the 6th, a party of miners began\\nthis new subterranean passage. Early\\nthe day following, a brig, coming in\\nfrom the west, was taken by a xebeque\\nand carried into Algeziras. If the\\nmaster of this vessel had acted pru\u00c2\u00ac\\ndently, he might probably have escaped.\\nOn his first appearance, he coasted\\nunder French colours; but being\\nabreast of the point, and observing a\\nfelucca standing out to speak him, he\\nhoisted British, and fired a shot. This\\ncircumstance spread the alarm: four\\nor five gun-boats immediately rowed\\nout and opposed her passage till a xe\u00c2\u00ac\\nbeque came up and run her aboard.\\nThe afternoon of the 18th, an extra\u00c2\u00ac\\nordinary instance of gallantry and pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsence of mind occurred at the labora\u00c2\u00ac\\ntory adjoining the South bastion. An\\nartilleryman, named Hartley, was em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed in the laboratory filling shells\\nwith carcass composition, and driving\\nfuses into 5^ and 6 inch shells. One\\nof them, by some unaccountable ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncident, took fire in the operation; and,\\nalthough he was surrounded with un\u00c2\u00ac\\nfixed fuses, loaded shells, composition,\\nc., with the most astonishing coolness\\nhe carried out the lighted shell, and\\nthrew it where it could do little or no\\nharm, and two seconds had scarcely\\nelapsed before it exploded. If the shell\\nhad burst in the laboratory it is almost\\ncertain the whole would have been\\nblown up, when the loss in fixed ammu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnition, fuses, c., c., would have been", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "118\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VII.\\nirreparable, exclusive of the damage\\nwhich the fortifications must have suf\u00c2\u00ac\\nfered from the explosion, and the lives\\nthat might have been lost. He was\\nhandsomely rewarded by the governor.\\nThe night of the 10th, a soldier of De\\nla Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, who had been missing from\\nthe 5th, was discovered by the quarter-\\nguard of that regiment stealing bread\\nfrom the men\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tents: he was instantly\\npursued, but could not be overtaken.\\nThe next day, however, he was found\\nconcealed in a cave. Two others had\\nalso been retaken within a few preced\u00c2\u00ac\\ning days. Such attention had been\\npaid to scarping the back of the rock,\\nthat it was little short of madness in\\nthese wretches, at this period, to at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempt desertion.\\nSome experiments were made, in the\\nbeginning of this month, with large\\nstones, cut to fit the calibre of a 13-\\ninch mortar. The stones had a small\\nhole drilled in the centre which being\\nfilled with a sufficient quantity of pow\u00c2\u00ac\\nder, they were fired with a short fuse,\\nto burst over the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works; and\\nthe fragments were expected to do\\nsome damage, as well as alarm their\\nworkmen. It was an unusual mode of\\nannoyance, and for its novelty was used\\nfor some time, but was soon laid aside.\\nThe 11th, in the afternoon, four sailors,\\nunder pretence of visiting some fishing-\\npots, deserted to the enemy. Two of\\nthem were concerned in the conspiracy\\nto run away with the Speedwell cutter,\\nas mentioned, some months before.\\nThe following evening, a serjeant of\\nthe 72nd regiment, who had absented\\nhimself several days from his corps,\\nand who, previous to his absence, had\\nleft a letter signifying his intention to\\ndesert, was retaken half-way down the\\nrock, between Charles the Fifth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s wall\\nand Mount Misery. He was so situ\u00c2\u00ac\\nated as to be unable to descend or\\nreturn, and was at length obliged to\\ncry for assistance; which being heard\\nby the guard at the former post, search\\nwas made for the unhappy man, and\\nhe was afterwards executed.\\nA deserter from the regiment of\\nBechart came in on the 14th: he ac\u00c2\u00ac\\nquainted us that the Due de Crillon\\nhad assumed the command of the siege,\\nand that General Don Alvarez had\\nquitted the camp; that the combined\\narmy consisted of forty-five battalions of\\ninfantry, including eight French bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntalions, two battalions of Spanish, and\\nfour companies of French artillery,\\nbeside cavalry but, owing to desertion,\\ntheir numbers were considerably dimi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnished. The battering-ships, he said,\\nwere to have on board French artillery;\\nand it was reported they would be\\ncompleted in about six weeks, the time\\nwe had calculated ourselves from ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nservations on their progress. About\\nthis period additional forges for heat\u00c2\u00ac\\ning shots were established in different\\nparts of the garrison, with all the pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nper apparatus. The 15th, the enemy\\nlaid a boom of spars from the breakers\\nnorth of the island at Algeziras towards\\nthe northward: some few days after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards it was considerably lengthened,\\nand the gun-boats were ranged in front\\nof it: a boom was also placed between\\nthe island and the main land. We con\u00c2\u00ac\\ncluded these obstructions were intended\\nto defend their battering-ships from\\nany attempts we might make to destroy\\nthem before they were completed. The\\nsame day an embrasure was opened in\\nthe face of the rock, communicating\\nwith the gallery above Farringdon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s:\\nthe mine was loaded with an unusual\\nquantity of powder, and the explosion\\nwas so amazingly loud, that almost the\\nwhole of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp turned out\\nat the report: but what must their sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nprise have been when they observed\\nwhence the smoke issued! The ori\u00c2\u00ac\\nginal intention of this opening was to\\ncommunicate air to the workmen, who\\nbefore were almost suffocated with the\\nsmoke which remained after blowing the\\ndifferent mines; but, on examining the\\naperture more closely, an idea was con\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived of mounting a gim to bear on\\nall the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries, excepting\\nFort Barbara: accordingly orders were\\ngiven to enlarge the inner part for the\\nrecoil; and, when finished, a twenty-\\nfour-pounder was mounted.*\\nThis novel formation of a covered battery\\nwas afterwards extended, and the work was\\nprosecuted with such success, that four, if not\\nfive guns were mounted in the gallery, before\\nthe subsequent September; and in a little", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n119\\nThe 18th, a soldier of the 56th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment who had escaped from the quar\u00c2\u00ac\\nter-guard some days before, and who,\\nit is imagined, had endeavoured to\\ndesert, surrendered himself voluntarily\\nto the main guard. One of the 58th,\\nand another of the 97th regiment, had\\ngot off in the former part of the month:\\nthe discouragement, however, which\\nhad of late attended these deluded\\nwretches, we were in hopes, would now\\ndeter others from attempting to aban\u00c2\u00ac\\ndon their colours at this critical junc\u00c2\u00ac\\nture.\\nOur artillery, as the firing was very\\ninconsiderable, were now chiefly en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngaged in preparing shells and carcasses\\nto be used against the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ships.\\nThe engineers were also equally inde\u00c2\u00ac\\nfatigable in their department. On the\\npart of the besiegers, multitudes of\\nmules were constantly employed in\\ndifferent duties in their camp, and\\nlarge parties continued to land military\\nstores and powder at the Orange-grove.\\nThe 25th, the St. Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Castle and\\nHector cutter arrived from the east\u00c2\u00ac\\nward, and communicated the agreeable\\nnews of the entire defeat of the French\\nfleet in the West Indies by Admiral\\nSir George Rodney, with the capture\\nof the Ville de Paris, and the French\\nadmiral, the Comte de Grasse. In\\nconsequence of this victory, a grand\\nsalute was fired at noon; and in the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning a feu-de-joie, by the troops drawn\\nup from the Grand battery to the New\\nmole fort. Signor Leonetti, nephew to\\nPascal Paoli, the celebrated Corsican\\ngeneral, with two officers, a chaplain,\\nand 68 volunteers, came as passengers\\nin these vessels to offer their services\\nto the governor. In the course of the\\nsame day, our engineers began to fix a\\nchevaux-de-frise from the foot of Land-\\nport glacis, adjoining Waterport, to\\nthe sloping palisades on the causeway,\\nand thence to be continued across the\\nInundation to the advanced covered\u00c2\u00ac\\nway, leading to Lower Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bar-\\nmore than, twelve months from the day the\\nengineers commenced, it was advanced to the\\nprojection of the rock, where the governor\\npurposed to make a battery; which afterwards\\nwas effected, and is now distinguished by the\\nname of St. George\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Hall.\\nrier. The enemy did not molest the\\nparty on this duty; which to us ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared very extraordinary.\\nA boat arrived on the 26th with two\\npackets from Faro, which mentioned\\nthat the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s preparations for the\\nattack would be complete by the mid\u00c2\u00ac\\ndle of August, and that all the boats\\nalong the coast in the vicinity of Cadiz\\nwere already engaged to embark troops\\nfor the expedition. A private letter by\\nthis boat gave us some general informa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the immense preparations which\\nwere making, and some idea of the\\nconstruction of the new-invented ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsels, which had inspired the enemy\\nwith such confidence of success. It re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncited, That ten ships were to be for\u00c2\u00ac\\ntified six or seven feet thick, on the\\nlarboard side, with green timber bolted\\nwith iron, cork, junk, and raw hides;\\nwhich were to carry guns of heavy\\nmetal, and be bomb-proof on the top,\\nwith a descent for the shells to slide\\noff: that these vessels, which they sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed would be impregnable, were to\\nbe moored within half gun-shot of the\\nwalls with iron chains and large boats\\nwith mantlets were to lie off at some\\ndistance, full of troops, to assist, and be\\nready to take advantage of occurrences:\\nthat the mantlets of these boats were to\\nbe formed with hinges to fall down, to\\nfacilitate their landing: that they were\\nto have 40,000 men in camp, and the\\nprincipal attack was to be made by\\nsea, to be covered by a squadron of\\nmen-of-war, with bomb-ketches, float\u00c2\u00ac\\ning batteries, gun and mortar boats, c.:\\nand that the Comte d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois, brother to\\nthe King of France, with other great\\npersonages, was to be present at the\\nattack.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nToward the conclusion of the month,\\nour attention was engaged for several\\nnights successively by a great noise on\\nthe isthmus, like that of a large body\\nof men at work: a few light balls were\\nthrown in different parts to discover\\nwhence it proceeded; but we could never\\ndiscern any men, except their patroles:\\nit was therefore imagined these parties\\nwere employed within the lines. The\\n29th, the wooden buildings in the navy\\nyard at the New mole were taken down\\nand removed to Rosia, where they", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "120\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. vii.\\nwere afterwards re-established on an\\nenlarged plan. As the communications\\nalong the line-wall, e. to the north\u00c2\u00ac\\nward were expected to be much ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed to the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire when the\\nships were brought before the walls,\\nthe engineers, about this time, began a\\ncovered-way along the rampart, from\\nOrange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion to the Grand parade,\\nand thence to be continued to South-\\nport this was done by clearing away\\nthe rubbish from the old houses imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately under the works, and filling\\nothers up, which also served as tra\u00c2\u00ac\\nverses against the land batteries. An\u00c2\u00ac\\nother covered-way was likewise made\\nto communicate from the Princess of\\nWales\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines with the South barracks.\\nThe 31st, upward of 100 covered wag\u00c2\u00ac\\ngons came to the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines from\\nthe camp, supposed to be laden with\\nammunition and stores for the batteries.\\nAppearances became daily more im\u00c2\u00ac\\nportant in the month of August. The\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s artificers were remarkably\\ndiligent at Algeziras, and the cruisers\\nbecame more attentive to the blockade.\\nThey were particularly suspicious of\\nevery vessel that came in sight from\\nthe west; and the gun-boats were sta\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned out as night-cruisers; which\\nprobably was the reason why we had\\nnot been for some time visited by them.\\nIn their camp every person seemed\\nemployed and their depots of fascines\\nand pickets were very considerable,\\nnotwithstanding the quantities continu\u00c2\u00ac\\nally removed to the lines. Nor were\\nwe less active in taking advantage of\\nthis interval: large and lofty traverses\\nwere raised along the line-wall; new\\ncommunications were made at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s;\\nthe flank of the Princess Anne\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery\\nwas rebuilt, and heavy metal mounted,\\nto bear over Waterport. The 4th, the\\nCorsican volunteers were formed into\\nan independent corps, under Signor\\nLeonetti, who was appointed captain-\\ncommandant. The company consisted\\nof a captain and captain-lieutenant, first\\nand second lieutenants, one adjutant, one\\nchaplain, four serjeants, four corporals,\\ntwo drummers, and sixty-eight privates.\\nThey were armed with a firelock and\\nbayonet, each a horse-pistol slung on\\nthe left side, and two cartridge-boxes.\\nThe governor quartered them on Wind\u00c2\u00ac\\nmill-hill, and committed that post to\\ntheir charge.\\nAs the completing of the subter\u00c2\u00ac\\nranean communication from the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nto the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines appeared (from the\\ndifficulty at that time attending the rein\u00c2\u00ac\\nforcing of the latter, in case ofan alarm)\\nto be an object of great importance, the\\ngovernor, on the 5th, ordered all the\\nminers in the different regiments into\\nthe King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works, to prosecute it with\\ngreater diligence, and assist in the gal\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery above Farringdon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, which now\\nextended 140 feet in the solid rock.\\nThe same day the enemy removed the\\nold masts out of several of the batter\u00c2\u00ac\\ning-ships, substituting jury-masts in\\ntheir places. Three hulls now ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared nearly finished. The evening\\nof the 6th, the governor thought pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nper to detach a trusty serjeant, with\\nfour men, from Landport, to a recess\\nin the rock under the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines,\\nnear Lower Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, with orders to\\nadvance a sentry to the barrier, who\\nwas to listen attentively to what was\\ntransacting upon the neutral ground;\\nbut by no means to fire, except in his\\nown defence. This party was to with\u00c2\u00ac\\ndraw at the grey of the morning, that\\nthey might not be observed by the\\nenemy.\\nThe 7th came in a deserter who had\\nbeen formerly in our service at Mi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnorca. He swam from behind Fort\\nBarbara, and landed at the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ntower; near which place he met a\\npatrole of cavalry, but, throwing him\u00c2\u00ac\\nself on the ground, was not observed.\\nHe said the duke was resolved to fire,\\nthe 25th instant; and, from the pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ndigious number of mortars mounted in\\nthe lines, reports were industriously\\npropagated in the camp, that our ord\u00c2\u00ac\\nnance would soon be silenced by their\\nsuperior fire, and the batteries beaten\\nto powder. He further acquainted us,\\nthat there were 34,000 men in camp,\\nand but little intercourse between the\\nSpaniards and their allies, who were\\nprincipally new levies, and very little\\ndisciplined; concluding with a con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfirmation of the last intelligence, that\\nthe soldiers in general so disrelished\\nthe business, that many daily deserted", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n121\\nwith their arms into the country. We\\ncontinued to fire a few light balls at\\nnight, for fear the enemy should make\\nany addition to their advanced works,\\nwhich, from the immense quantity of\\nmaterials brought to the lines, we sus\u00c2\u00ac\\npected would be commenced very soon;\\nand, as it was apprehended their ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvances would be made to the eastward,\\nthe guns at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and the heights\\nbearing toward that quarter were\\nloaded with grape to be more effectual\\nin the execution, in case they were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered. On the 11th, the 72nd regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, which was quartered in the bas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions in town, independent of their\\nquota towards the other duties of the\\ngarrison, voluntarily offered to assist in\\nmaking the new covered-way from the\\nGrand parade to Orange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion; and\\n100 of them were immediately employed.\\nThe governor, however, as a compensa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion for their zeal, ordered them to be\\npaid as real-men (that is, to receive two\\nreals each per day; which is equal, at\\npar, to about 9 d. sterling) with the ad\u00c2\u00ac\\ndition to each man of a pint of grog.\\nThe enemy on the 13th got up the\\nmasts and yards in several ships, and\\nbent the sails of two; but, from the\\nappearance of the whole, we did not\\nthink they could be finished by the\\n25th. Some few days before, they lined\\nthe upper port-holes of the two-deckers\\nwith tin, to protect, as we imagined,\\nthe cheeks of the ports from being\\nburnt by the constant firing of the\\ncannon. In the evening, the 97th\\nregiment furnished, for the first time, a\\nworking party of 120 men, to remove\\nship-timbers from the New mole to\\nMontague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, where the engineers\\nintended to erect a cavalier for two\\nguns.\\nAbout this time a species of influenza\\nmade its appearance on board the fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngates in the Mole, and soon communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncated with the garrison. Its general\\nsymptoms were sudden pains, accom\u00c2\u00ac\\npanied with a dizziness in the head;\\nthough others were affected in a dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nferent manner. For several days near\\n100 men were daily taken to the hos\u00c2\u00ac\\npital but bleeding and a night\u00e2\u0080\u0099s rest\\nusually removed it. It was attributed\\nat that time to the extraordinary heat\\nof the atmosphere, which was unusually\\nwarm, owing to the extensive fires\\nmade by the Spaniards on the neigh\u00c2\u00ac\\nbouring hills, and the stagnant state of\\nthe air but we have since learned that\\nit was universal over Europe, and we\\nhad reason, at that time, to think the\\nenemy were not less affected by it than\\nthe garrison.\\nA general officer, supposed to be the\\nDue de Crillon, but who, it was after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards learned, was the Comte d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois,\\nvisited, on the 15th, the advanced\\nworks we soon had reason to believe\\nthat his object was to reconnoitre the\\nground, previous to entering upon the\\nsucceeding additions which were made\\nto the parallel; for, the subsequent\\nmorning at daybreak, to our great\\nastonishment, we discovered that they\\nhad raised, during the preceding night,\\na very strong and lofty epaulment, in\\nextent about 500 yards, connecting the\\nparallel to the eastern breach, with a\\ncommunication, near 1300 yards long,\\nextending from the principal barrier of\\nthe lines to the east end of the new\\nepaulment. Their works now em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbraced each shore of the isthmus, and\\nfully completed the first parallel. The\\ncommunication, or boyau (as it was\\ndistinguished by our engineers), con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisted of casks filled with sand, which\\nwas also thrown up in front, having\\ntraverses at equal distances in the rear,\\nmade of casks and fascines: but the\\nepaulment appeared to be raised en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntirely with sand-bags, from ten to twelve\\nfeet high, with a thickness proportion-\\nable and altogether was a most stu\u00c2\u00ac\\npendous work. Its purpose however\\nwas not immediately pointed out. To\\nerect these new additions in so short a\\ntime, we computed, at a moderate cal\u00c2\u00ac\\nculation, must have employed 10,000\\nmen, which was afterwards confirmed\\nto us by their officers; and that so\\nnumerous a party should be at work\\nwithin 800 yards of the garrison, itself\\non the alert, and not be discovered,\\nmust appear, to a person not present,\\nalmost incredible. We threw a few\\nlight balls whilst they were at work,\\none of which, we afterwards learned,\\ngreatly alarmed them; but, finding\\nthey were not discovered, they resumed", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "122\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap, til\\ntheir occupation, and withdrew in the\\nmorning unobserved. The Spanish\\ngazette described this parallel as of 230\\ntoises* in length and added, that one\\nmillion six hundred thousand sand-bags\\nwere used in raising it. The commu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnication it mentioned to have been in\\nlength G30 toises, and formed of fascines\\nand casks. The governor at night did\\nnot order an increase of firing on the\\nnew works: a few rounds were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharged, with several carcasses and\\nlight-balls; but the latter were almost\\nimmediately extinguished.\\nThe night of the 17th, the enemy\\nbrought a great number of casks,\\npickets, and fascines, to the rear of\\nthe eastern communication, which was\\nraised to a little extent near the barrier.\\nThey also erected three epaulments\\nwith retiring flanks of sand-bags, for\\nmortar batteries in the parallel. Two\\nwere to the westward, and the third to\\nthe eastward of the Mahon battery.\\nThe morning of the 18th, we ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved one of the battering-ships at\\nanchor off Barcelo\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. About\\nnoon, the men-of-war at Algeziras were\\ndecorated with flags, as was customary\\non the celebration of a festival; and,\\nwhat did not escape our observation,\\nthe English ensign was at the main-\\ntop-gallant mast-head of the admiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nship, with the Spanish ensign flying\\ntriumphantly over it. Soon after,\\nseven barges with crimson awnings\\nrowed from Algeziras to the Orange-\\ngrove, where they received on board\\nsome great personages, and returned to\\nAlgeziras, escorted by 15 gun-boats,\\nwhich repeatedly fired salutes, as did\\nthe men-of-war: on their return\\namongst the shipping, the battering-\\nships hoisted their ensigns, and salutes\\nwere again fired by the men-of-war.\\nThe barges then proceeded to the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntering-ship which was anchored apart\\nfrom the rest, where they remained\\nsome time and, on the company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nquitting the ship, she fired a salute of\\neight guns, and the boats went along\u00c2\u00ac\\nside the admiral. About three, the\\nbattering-ship got under way, and\\nA toise is equal to our fathom, or six\\nfeet.\\nsailed to the northward, past the flag\u00c2\u00ac\\nship she endeavoured to sail back,\\nbut in vain; and was obliged to be\\ntowed to her station by 10 gun-boats.\\nAt six o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, three barges only re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned from the Spanish admiral to\\nthe Orange-grove, and were saluted\\nand recouducted with the same cere\u00c2\u00ac\\nmony as before. We now imagined\\nthat the Comte d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois was arrived,\\nand these compliments were paid in\\nconsequence of his dining with the\\nSpanish admiral. Our firing at night\\nwas very brisk. The succeeding morn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning we perceived that the enemy had\\nconstructed nine traverses adjoining the\\neastern part of the epaulment, and had\\nraised the boyau with fascines. The\\nepaulment for another mortar battery\\nwas likewise erected in the parallel\\nopposite the Centre redoubt. At night\\nthe enemy were heard hard at work:\\nour firing was consequently increased\\nby the addition of the lower batteries:\\nthe enemy did not return a shot.\\nOn the 19th, a small magazine blew\\nup in the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, near Buena\\nVista, which set a hut on fire. About\\nnoon, a flag of truce came from the\\nduke the officer appeared to be a\\nperson of rank, as the boat had a crim\u00c2\u00ac\\nson awning, and the rowers were in\\nuniform. After passing and repassing\\nseveral times, our boat returned with a\\npresent, from the duke to the governor,\\nof ice, fruit, vegetables, c. The\\nofficers informed us that the salutes\\nfired the preceding day were in com\u00c2\u00ac\\npliment to the Comte d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois, c.\\nThe following was handed about as a\\ngenuine translation of the duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s letter\\non this occasion; therefore, without\\nvouching for its authenticity, it is here\\ninserted to gratify the curiosity of the\\nreader.\\nCamp, of Buena Vista,\\nAug. 19, 1782.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cSir, \u00e2\u0080\u0094His Royal Highness Comte\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois, who has received permission\\nfrom the king his brother to assist at\\nthe siege, as a volunteer in the combined\\narmy, of which their Most Christian\\nand Catholic Majesties have honoured\\nme with the command, arrived in this\\ncamp the 15th instant. This young", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n123\\nprince has been pleased, in passing\\nthrough Madrid, to take charge of\\nsome letters which had been sent to\\nthat capital from this place, and which\\nare addressed to persons belonging to\\nyour garrison: his Royal Highness has\\ndesired that I would transmit them to\\nyou, and that to this mark of his good\u00c2\u00ac\\nness and attention I should add the\\nstrongest expressions of esteem for your\\nperson and character. I feel the great\u00c2\u00ac\\nest pleasure in giving this mark of con\u00c2\u00ac\\ndescension in this august prince, as it\\nfurnishes me with a pretext, which I\\nhave been anxiously looking for these\\ntwo months that I have been in camp,\\nto assure you of the highest esteem I\\nhave conceived for your Excellency, of\\nthe sincerest desire I feel of deserving\\nyours, and of the pleasure to which I\\nlook forward of becoming your friend,\\nafter I shall have learned to render\\nmyself worthy of the honour, by facing\\nyou as an enemy. His Highness the\\nDue de Bourbon, who arrived here\\ntwenty-four hours after the Comte\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois, desires also that I should\\nassure you of his particular esteem.\\nPermit me, Sir, to offer a few\\ntrifles for your table, of which I am\\n6ure you must stand in need, as I know\\nyou live entirely upon vegetables: I\\nshould be glad to know what kind you\\nlike best. I shall add a few head of\\ngame for the gentlemen of your house\u00c2\u00ac\\nhold, and some ice, which I presume\\nwill not be disagreeable in the exces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsive heat of this climate at this season\\nof the year. I hope you will be\\nobliging enough to accept the small\\nportion which I send with this letter.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094I have the honour to be, c.\\nB. B. Due de Crillon.\\nHis Excellency\\nGeneral Eliott. c.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThe barge which brought the letter\\nand present ranged at a short distance\\nalong the town, from off the Old mole\\nhead to Ragged Staff, where she was\\nstopped by our flag; but being thought\\nrather too near, as they might thence\\nmake what observations they chose on\\nour batteries, a shot was fired over her\\nfrom the Repulse prame upon which\\nshe rowed further out in the bay, and\\nwaited at a considerable distance for\\nthe return of our flag. The night of\\nthe 19 th, the enemy raised the semi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncircular parapet of the place d\u00e2\u0080\u0099armes\\njoining the east flank of the St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, with sand-bags eight or nine\\nfeet high, apparently for a battery:\\nthey also made some considerable ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nditions to the eastern works. The day\\nfollowing, a flag of truce went from\\nthe garrison with an answer to the\\nduke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s polite letter of the preceding\\nday: the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s letter was reported\\nto be to the following purpose\\nGibraltar, Aug. 20, 1782.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nSir,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I find myself highly honoured\\nby your obliging letter of yesterday, in\\nwhich your Excellency was so kind as\\nto inform me of the arrival in your\\ncamp of his Royal Highness the Comte\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois, and the Due de Bourbon, to\\nserve as volunteers at the siege. These\\nprinces have shown their judgment in\\nmaking choice of a master in the art of\\nwar, whose abilities cannot fail to form\\ngreat warriors. I am overpowered with\\nthe condescension of his Royal Highness,\\nin suffering some letters for persons in\\nthis town to be conveyed from Madrid\\nin his carriages. I flatter myself that\\nyour Excellency will give my most pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nfound respects to his Royal Highness,\\nand to the Due de Bourbon, for the\\nexpressions of esteem with which they\\nhave been pleased to honour so insig\u00c2\u00ac\\nnificant a person as I am.\\nI return a thousand thanks to your\\nExcellency for your handsome present\\nof fruits, vegetables, and game. You\\nwill excuse me, however, I trust, when\\nI assure you, that, in accepting your\\npresent, I have broken through a reso\u00c2\u00ac\\nlution to which I had faithfully adhered\\nsince the beginning of the war; and\\nthat was, never to receive or procure,\\nby any means whatever, any provisions\\nor other commodity for my own private\\nuse: so that, without any preference,\\neverything is sold publicly here; and\\nthe private soldier, if he have money,\\ncan become a purchaser as well as the\\ngovernor. I confess I make it a point\\nof honour to partake both of plenty and\\nscarcity in common with the lowest of\\nmy brave fellow-soldiers. This ffir-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "124\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VII.\\nmishes me with an excuse for the liberty\\nI now take, of entreating your Excel\u00c2\u00ac\\nlency not to heap any more favours on\\nme of this kind, as in future I cannot\\nconvert your presents to my own pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nvate use. Indeed, to be plain with\\nyour Excellency, though vegetables at\\nthis season are scarce with us, every\\nman has got a quantity proportioned to\\nthe labour which he has bestowed in\\nraising them. The English are na\u00c2\u00ac\\nturally fond of gardening and culti\u00c2\u00ac\\nvation; and here we find our amuse\u00c2\u00ac\\nment in it, during the intervals of rest\\nfrom public duty. The promise which\\nthe Due de Crillon makes, of honour\u00c2\u00ac\\ning me in proper time and place with\\nhis friendship, lays me under infinite\\nobligations. The interest of our sove\u00c2\u00ac\\nreigns being once solidly settled, I\\nshall with eagerness embrace the first\\nopportunity to avail myself of so pre\u00c2\u00ac\\ncious a treasure.\u00e2\u0080\u0094I have the honour\\nto be, c.\\nG. A. Eliott.\\nHis Excellency\\nthe Due de Crillon, c.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nOur artillery, on the night of the\\n20th, fired with great vivacity from\\nthe upper and lower batteries, in all\\ndirections; for the objects now were\\nso numerous and divided, the parallel\\nbeing upwards of half a mile in extent,\\nthat we could not always be certain\\nwhere to find them employed. In the\\nmorning we observed they had raised\\nthe boyau, and made some alterations\\nin the western works. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\noperations were not now carried on in\\nthe same slow manner as formerly: the\\nduke seemed determined to act with vi\u00c2\u00ac\\ngour, and astonish us by the rapidity\\nwith which he raised his batteries. His\\narmy was numerous, and his orders\\n(if we may credit report) with respect\\nto means and materials unlimited.\\nEvery exertion was therefore used to\\ncomplete them with expedition. Whilst\\ncrur opponents were so active, we were\\npot on our parts indolent, or inatten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntive to the defence of the garrison.\\nThe late additions of the enemy made\\nconsiderable alterations necessary in\\nthe works at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, c. Our parties\\nwere therefore augmented, and em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed in strengthening the commu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnications, repairing the splinter-proofs,\\nand on other important duties of the\\nsame nature. Green\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lodge and the\\nRoyal battery were ordered to be cais-\\nsoned with ship-timber: the intrenched\\ncovered-way from the Princess of\\nWales\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines was continued, and sloping\\npalisades placed under those parts of the\\nline-wall, from the eight-gun bastion\\nto the New mole, which were not well\\nflanked from above. A boom of masts\\nwas likewise laid from the former to\\nthe head of the watering-tank, and\\nanchors sunk in the shallow water be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween that bastion and Ragged Staff.\\nThe afternoon of the 21st a carcass\\nfrom Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s set fire to some loose\\nfascines in the rear of the Eastern\\nboyau, which soon communicated to\\nthe work itself; and the line for a con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable extent was involved in the\\nflames. On the appearance of the smoke\\nour lower batteries immediately opened,\\nand a most animated cannonade was\\ndirected from the garrison. A party\\nof the enemy endeavoured^ to extin\u00c2\u00ac\\nguish the fire; but, finding their efforts\\nto stop its progress in vain, they gal\u00c2\u00ac\\nlantly pulled down the line on each\\nside to prevent the flames from spread\u00c2\u00ac\\ning; which they at length effected,\\nbut not without considerable loss from\\nour artillery. For some time we imar\\ngined the enemy would remain silent\\nspectators of the conflagration; but,\\nan officer arriving at the lines about\\nsix o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, their batteries instantly\\nreturned the fire, seconded soon after\\nby the new thirteen-gun battery near\\nthe Tower; the latter, however, after\\nfour or five discharges, was silenced\\nby the Old mole head howitzers. Our\\nfire was so brisk and so well served,\\nthat it exceeded theirs by four to one.\\nAbout half-past seven the flames burnt\\nout; and our additional ordnance, as\\nwell as the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries, ceased.\\nIn this short firing they returned 743\\nshot and 38 shells; and we expended\\nin the 24 hours, including what were\\ndischarged on this occasion, 90 bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrels of powder. We had three men^\\nslightly wounded. In the prior part\\nof the day, 13 feluccas arrived in the\\nbay from the east: some imagined they", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n125\\nwere intended for additional gun-boats;\\nothers, for debarking troops. The 22nd,\\nthe enemy had repaired the damage\\ndone by the fire the preceding day;\\nbut in the afternoon another similar\\naccident had nearly happened: a car\u00c2\u00ac\\ncass was thrown into the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, and took effect; but the guard\\nexerted themselves with such activity\\nand bravery, that it was soon extin\u00c2\u00ac\\nguished, although our lower batteries\\nwere again open to support it. The\\nenemy were on this day totally silent.\\nThe succeeding night they dressed and\\nraised the new communication, and\\nmade some additions to the eastern part\\nof the parallel: they were also at\\nwork in their new mortar batteries;\\nand great quantities of materials were\\nbrought down to the lines, and into the\\nadvanced works.\\nThe 24th, the inhabitants in Hardy-\\ntown began early to remove their bed\u00c2\u00ac\\nding, c. towards Europa: they were\\nconfident, from the information of the\\nlast deserters, that the enemy would\\nagain open their batteries the succeeding\\nday, being the anniversary of St. Louis;\\nand no persuasions could banish their\\napprehensions. They were however\\nconvinced, the following day, that the\\nduke was not prepared, whatever his\\nintentions might have been some weeks\\nbefore.\\nThe enemy being heard at work, on\\nthe night of the 24th, drew a warm\\nfire from our batteries. In the morn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning we found they had raised addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntional traverses to the sand-bag epaul-\\nment, which now presented a formid\u00c2\u00ac\\nable battery of sixty-four embrasures,\\ndivided into four batteries of fourteen\\nembrasures each, and one of eight;\\nleaving a space at the eastern extre\u00c2\u00ac\\nmity, as we concluded, for mortars.\\nThe original epaulment remained en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntire, the additional merlons joining at\\nproper intervals the front work, which\\nserved to mask the embrasures till the\\nbatteries were finished. Several embra\u00c2\u00ac\\nsures of the 8-gun battery they had\\nalready lined with fascines. Some ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nditions were also made to the St. Car\u00c2\u00ac\\nlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery, the parapet of which was\\nlengthened toward the west. The fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing night the enemy, notwithstand\u00c2\u00ac\\ning a warm fire from the garrison\\nerected three large magazines, and,\\nbegan a fourth in the rear of the 64-\\ngun battery: they likewise lined many\\nof the embrasures with fascines, and\\nraised a sand-bag traverse to cover the\\ncommunication from the west flank\\nof the 64-gun battery to the paral\u00c2\u00ac\\nlel.\\nThe 26th, the Queen Charlotte, Le\u00c2\u00ac\\nonora, and Charles, ordnance-ships,\\nwith the St. Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Castle, were or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered into the Mole to be run ashore\\ntill the expected attack was decided.\\nThe seamen belonging to the frigates\\nwere employed also about this time in\\ncarrying sails and yards to erect tents\\nfor a camp at Europa, where they were\\nto be stationed when the governor\\nshould think proper to order them on\\nshore. In the evening, about ten o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock,\\ncame in a deserter, an Irishman, who\\nformerly had been in our service: he\\nswam from the beach beyond Fort St.\\nPhilip, and attempted to land at Bay-\\nside, but was fired upon by their ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanced sentries. He informed us it\\nwas reported that the duke had intended\\nfiring on the 25th, but was prevented\\nfrom finishing his batteries so soon as\\nhe expected by the heavy fire from\\nthe garrison: that, in their endeavours\\nto extinguish the flames on the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding 21st, the party had sustained\\nvery considerable loss: a colonel and\\n17 men of the regiment to which he\\nbelonged were killed. He corrobo\u00c2\u00ac\\nrated the intelligence, by the last de\u00c2\u00ac\\nserter, concerning the number of men\\nin camp, and respecting the preva\u00c2\u00ac\\nlence of desertion.\\nWe did not discover any material\\nadditions the morning of the 27th: a\\nfifth magazine was erected; also seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nral traverses in the rear of the parallel.\\nAnother of the battering-ships an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchored the same day off Barcelo\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, apart from the rest: as she swung\\nround with the tide, we had an oppor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunity of viewing with glasses the star\u00c2\u00ac\\nboard-side, which we perceived was\\nnot closed in and finished like the oppo\u00c2\u00ac\\nsite side the bomb-proof only extend\u00c2\u00ac\\ning about three parts over, leaving con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable openings between the strong\\nuprights which supported it from the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "126\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[CHAP. VII.\\ndeck, for the convenient reception\\nof men, provisions, and ammunition.\\nWe observed, the same day, a great\\nnumber of boats ranged along the shore\\nat Algeziras. In the afternoon, the\\nRepulse prame came into the New\\nmole; and the succeeding morning the\\nFortune and Vanguard were likewise\\nwithdrawn from the bay. At night\\nthe enemy erected a number of tra\u00c2\u00ac\\nverses in rear of their parallel and bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, and finished some interior work,\\nas they had done the preceding night,\\nthough we kept up our usual fire.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s squadron was rein\u00c2\u00ac\\nforced on the 28th with six Spanish\\nline-of-battle ships and a xebeque,\\nunder a commodore, from the west.\\nIn the course of the day, two 24-pound\u00c2\u00ac\\ners were taken up the hill to the gal\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery above Farringdon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, for the em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbrasures already opened; and 400 ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nditional workmen were ordered into the\\nworks. Upwards of 600 men were at\\nthis time daily employed at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s,\\ncovering and strengthening the flanks:\\nlikewise in forming new communica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions, with splinter-proofs, traverses,\\nc., as the new battery enfiladed most\\nof the old covered-ways, and rendered\\na thorough change necessary in those\\nworks, before the artillery could be\\nproperly covered. The communica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions in town and at the south were\\ntherefore discontinued, till the above\\nwere put in the best state of defence and\\nsecurity. At dusk, three serjeants were\\nposted upon the North, King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and\\nSouth bastions, to observe and report\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s signals in camp, and along\\nthe coast. At night, a deserter from\\nthe Walons came over in the same\\nmanner as the last. He reported, that\\na very strong party was ordered for\\nwork that evening; which induced the\\ngovernor to increase the firing from\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, the lines, and lower batterits.\\nHe further acquainted us, that we\\nkilled numbers of their workmen; and\\nthat the 15th of next month was fixed\\nfor opening upon the garrison: but\\nthat all, even the volunteers, were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nheartened at the very thoughts of the\\nattack. Ninety pieces of cannon, he\\nlikewise said, were brought into the\\n64-gun battery; which number was to\\nbe increased, to supply the place of\\nthose which might be damaged, or\\nover-heated. The night of the 28th,\\nthe enemy raised more traverses, and\\nbegan communications to their rnaga-*\\nzines: 153 of the former were erected\\nbehind the long boyau. They also\\nworked upon the mortar batteries.\\nIt was about this period that the\\nSpanish 26-pounders, with other guns\\nof the same heavy nature, were dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntributed on the sea-line in room of ord*\\nnance of smaller calibre, which were\\nmounted in their places against the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries. By this disposition\\nthe duke would not have it in his\\npower to return any of the shot we\\nfired, as his cannon were all 26-pound\u00c2\u00ac\\ners and the governor was enabled to\\nretaliate on their shipping, those shot\\nwhich he had received from the land;\\nannoying them by this means with\\ntheir own weapons. Toward the con\u00c2\u00ac\\nclusion of the month, the influenza had\\nalmost disappeared: the working par\u00c2\u00ac\\nties were therefore reinforced, though\\nthe heavy duty of the guards would\\nwith difficulty permit it: on the 29th,\\nthe engineers paraded upwards of\\n1700 workmen, including non-com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmissioned officers. The enemy, on\\nthe night of the 29th, raised merlons\\nfor four embrasures, joining the semi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncircular sand-bag epaulment, east of\\nSt. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery. Six battering-\\nships were at anchor off Barcelo\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery on the 30th. The same day our\\nseamen were ordered on shore, to en\u00c2\u00ac\\ncamp at Europa. At night, the artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery, in addition to their former fire,\\nopened the Grand battery: it did not\\nhowever prevent the enemy from plat\u00c2\u00ac\\nforming the 64-gun battery, and making\\nfurther additions to the mortar batteries.\\nThey also lined with fascines the embra\u00c2\u00ac\\nsures of the semicircular 4-gun bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery. Many hundred mules were still\\nemployed in bringing clay and fascines\\nto the parallel. Our fire was very de\u00c2\u00ac\\nstructive amongst these animals, as well\\nas their workmen; two, three, and\\nsometimes more of the former being\\nfrequently seen dead on the sands at\\ndaybreak.\\nOur engineers, by the close of the\\nmonth, had extended Landport che-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n127\\nvaux-de-frise to the causeway, and\\nbegun the other across the Inundation.\\nCarpenters were also engaged in caisson-\\ning the Royal and Green\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lodge batte\u00c2\u00ac\\nries, and raising new traverses at those\\nposts. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s squadron in the bay\\nat this period was as follows four line-\\noi-battle ships, and one of 50 guns (on\\nboard of which was the flag), two fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngates, three cutters, four bomb-ketches,\\nand smaller armed vessels, were at\\nAlgeziras: two ships of the line were\\nat anchor off the Orange-grove and a\\nfrigate, with an armed brig, was at Ca-\\nbrita. To these we may add the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntering-ships and gun-boats. Since two\\nof the men-of-war had removed nearer\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp, boats full of soldiers\\nwere frequently observed going on\\nboard them and as the guns were seen\\nto be drawn back from the ports, and\\nsuddenly run out again, whilst the\\ntroops were on board, we suspected\\nthat they were practising to work the\\nguns, previous to their embarking on\\nboard the battering-ships.\\nAffairs seemed now drawing to a\\ncrisis: and, as every appearance indi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncated that the attack would not long\\nbe deferred, the inhabitants, apprehen\u00c2\u00ac\\nsive of the consequences, were wonder\u00c2\u00ac\\nfully active in securing places of re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntreat for themselves and their property.\\nThe besiegers wrought hard the night\\nof the 31st: two cross-communications\\nlined with fascines were thrown up\\nfrom the long boyau, leading to the\\nparallel; one to the western flank of the\\n64-gun battery, the other -to the west\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of the Mahon battery. Five tra\u00c2\u00ac\\nverses were also erected within each of\\nthe new mortar batteries, and magazines\\nfor ammunition were begun near them,\\njoining the parallel. We imagined\\nthey were likewise employed in bring\u00c2\u00ac\\ning down ordnance to the advanced\\nworks. Our artillery amused them\\nwith a brisk fire; but the governor\\nrather objected to such a quantity of\\npowder being at this time expended, as\\nhe was of opinion they were now too\\nwell covered in their batteries to be\\nmuch annoyed; and we might after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards have more occasion for the am\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunition.\\nThe evening of the 1st of September,\\na small boat manned with English\\nsailors sailed for Portugal. Lieut\\nCampbell, of the navy, sailed in her\\nwith dispatches from the governor for\\nEngland. At night, the enemy erected\\nan epaulment of sand-bags, apparently\\nfor two guns, adjoining the west flank\\nof the Mahon battery; and raised\\nthe new communications several fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ncines in height. Some additions were\\nlikewise made to the magazines. Long\\nstrings of mules still continued bring\u00c2\u00ac\\ning down fascines and other materials,\\nwhich were deposited in different parts\\nof their works. We imagined these\\nanimals also brought down shot and\\nshells, as their piles in the artillery\\npark were considerably diminished. In\\nthe garrison, our engineers were inde\u00c2\u00ac\\nfatigable in raising defences against\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s formidable new batteries;\\nand coals were distributed to the grates\\nand furnaces for heating shot.\\nWe perceived very little alteration\\nin the operations of our opponents on\\nthe 3rd: they lined the embrasures of\\nthe new 2-gun battery, and added to\\nthe cross communications. In the\\ncourse of the day, their squadron was\\nreinforced with two French men-of-\\nwar from the eastward, which were\\nconducted into the bay by a Spanish\\nfrigate. The 4th, the enemy removed\\nthe guns from the two 14-gun batteries\\nin the lines, and dismounted most of\\nthe ordnance in the mortar batteries,\\nprobably to repair the beds and plat\u00c2\u00ac\\nforms. The removing of the cannon\\nfrom the former gave us no small plea\u00c2\u00ac\\nsure, as we had experienced more fatal\\neffects, during their late wanton bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbardment and cannonade, from those\\nbatteries, than from any other in their\\nlines. The guns, we supposed, were\\nbrought forward to the parallel, for we\\nobserved 10 in the eastern extremity of\\nthe 64-gun battery. In the forenoon,\\n16 boats, with mantlets or barricades\\nin the bow, came from the river Pal-\\nmones, and anchored off the landing-\\nplace beyond Point Mala: these, we\\nconcluded, were for the sea-attack.\\nAbout sunset, those battering-ships\\nwhich were finished, removed from\\nAlgeziras to the Orange-grove: they\\nappeared to sail rather heavily, and", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "128\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VII.\\nused sweeps, notwithstanding the\\nbreeze. About the same time, two\\ngrand salutes were fired by the French\\nmen-of-war.\\nDuring the night of the 4th, the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parties masked the six west\u00c2\u00ac\\nern embrasures of the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery, and raised the parapet with\\nfascines, intending, as we imagined, to\\nconvert it into a mortar battery, as six\\nmortars were seen, the preceding day,\\nlying in the rear. The howitzers were\\nalso removed from the Centre redoubt,\\nand some additions made to the epaul-\\nment, in front of the St. Paschal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, which was now completed for\\neight mortars. They likewise sunk\\nfour deep excavations behind the east\u00c2\u00ac\\nern boyau, as reservoirs for water, in\\ncase of fire. At night, another batter\u00c2\u00ac\\ning-ship joined the others at the\\nOrange-grove: soon afterwards, the\\nenemy shipped powder on board them\\nfrom the pier. Early on the 5th, a\\nlarge body of men marched in a very\\nirregular manner from Algeziras to the\\ncamp. We imagined they were the\\nartificers who had been employed upon\\nthe ships, and were encamped south of\\nthe tower, half of which camp was\\nnow struck. During the day, 29\\nsquare-sailed boats arrived, under con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvoy of an armed brig, from the west,\\nand, with upwards of 120 from Al-\\neziras, assembled in a line off Roca-\\nillo Point, at the mouth of the Gua-\\ndaranque. A large floating battery\\nwas also towed out and anchored at\\nthe entrance of the Palmones. Toward\\nevening, about 500 men, escorted by a\\nlx dy of cavalry, embarked from the\\npier on board the battering-ships: the\\nsingular mode of conducting them to\\nthe beach could not fail to attract our\\nnotice, and to cause in us some degree\\nof surprise. About eight in the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, a deserter came in from the regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment of Naples: he reported that the\\n8th was named for the grand attack,\\nand that all hands were actively em\u00c2\u00ac\\nployed in completing everything in the\\nseveral departments.\\nFew additions were perceived on the\\n6th: some sand-bags were placed on\\nthe mortar battery of the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nIn the forenoon, more boats joined the\\nothers at Rocadillo, from the west; the\\nfloating battery was likewise towed to\\nthe pier near Point Mala. The go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor, the same day, made some new\\narrangements in the garrison detail.\\nAn additional field-officer was ordered\\nto mount in the lines, to be independent\\nof the field-officer in town; and the\\nfield-officers of the day, in fixture, were\\ndirected to make such disposition of\\nthe guards, pickets, and ordnance in\\ntheir several districts, on every occa\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion, as appeared to be most for the\\nbenefit of the service. A subaltern\\nwas added to the New mole guard, who\\nwas at night to be detached with 20\\nmen to the Mole head; and the pickets\\nin future were ordered to mount fully\\naccoutred, with ammunition complete.\\nThe 39th regiment was also ordered to\\ntown, the battalion companies to en\u00c2\u00ac\\ncamp in Southport ditch, and the gre\u00c2\u00ac\\nnadiers and light infantry to be quar\u00c2\u00ac\\ntered in the picket-yard bomb-proofs,\\nbefore occupied by part of the 72nd\\nregiment,who, on this disposition, joined\\nthe rest of their regiment in Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nand King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastions.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works on the land side\\nwere now every hour advancing to\\nperfection; but the duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s attention to\u00c2\u00ac\\nward completing them seemed so en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntirely to engage him, as, in a great\\nmeasure, to prevent his taking the pro-\\ndent precautions necessary for their\\ndefence. The advanced batteries in\\nthe parallel were either unfinished\\n(though nearly completed) or under\u00c2\u00ac\\ngoing such alterations, that the mate\u00c2\u00ac\\nrials in their vicinity greatly obstructed\\nthe use of the ordnance which were\\nmounted; and their batteries in the\\nlines (except the forts) were in a simi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar situation, the cannon, to permit the\\nnecessary repairs, being totally re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoved from some, and the mortars\\ndrawn back or dismounted in others.\\nThe forts and some few mortar bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries were therefore the only defences\\nleft to protect these immense works\\nfrom insult and attack. This state of\\ntheir works presented an opportunity-\\nin some respects not unlike that which\\nGeneral Eliott had embraced in the\\npreceding year, when, by an unex\u00c2\u00ac\\npected sally, he gloriously destroyed", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n129\\nthe labours of so many months. The\\nhonour, however, of causing a second\\ndisgrace was reserved for Lieutenant-\\nGeneral Boyd, the lieutenant-governor,\\nwho, in the forenoon of the 6th, recom\u00c2\u00ac\\nmended, by letter to the governor, the\\nimmediate use of red-hot shot against\\nthe land-batteries of the besiegers.\\nGeneral Eliott acquiesced in the pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nposal, and immediately ordered Major\\nLewis, the commandant of the artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery, to wait on Lieutenant-General\\nBoyd for his instructions and com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmands, submitting entirely to him the\\nexecution of the attack which he had\\nprojected. In consequence of the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s assent, preparations were in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly made; and, in a short time,\\neverything was properly arranged for\\nthe service. In the interval we must\\nnot, however, omit to take notice of the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s operations.\\nEarly in the morning of the 7th, se\u00c2\u00ac\\nveral gun-boats were discovered off the\\nOld mole head retiring from the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, which we imagined had been\\nsounding under cover of the night.\\nThe garrison orders of this day con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntained the following arrangements:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe marine brigade (which composed\\na corps of about 900 men) to take rank\\non shore according to the king\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlations; Captain Curtis, as colonel,\\nwith the rank of brigadier; Captain\\nGibson, as lieutenant-colonel; Captain\\nBradshaw, as major; eight lieutenants,\\nas captains; eighteen midshipmen, as\\nensigns; and the brigade to mount\\nEuropa Advance and Little Bay guards.\\nA picket of the line to be detached\\nevery evening to the Prince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, and\\nan additional subaltern at the same\\ntime to Landport. One captain and\\neight privates to be added to Water-\\nport guard, whence a detachment of a\\nsubaltern and thirty men was to be sent,\\nat sunset, to the Old mole head, which,\\nat second gun-fire, was to be joined by\\none of the captains. Twelve privates\\nto the main guard. One serjeant, nine\\nprivates, and a gunner, to Ragged Staff;\\ndetaching a serjeant and six men, with\\nthe gunner, at retreat-beating, to the\\nWharf head.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The alarm-posts were\\nalso fixed as follows The 39th flank\\ncompanies to take post on the North\\nbastion town; three battalion compa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnies of the same regiment, the South\\nbastion; the remaining five at Ragged\\nStaff, extending toward the eight-gun\\nbastion. The 72nd regiment\u00e2\u0080\u0094right,\\nthe North bastion town left, Orange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion, extending as far further from\\nthe King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion as possible. The\\n73rd regiment (which was quartered\\nat the southward) to take post on the\\nleft of the 72nd, toward the South bas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. Captain Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s company of\\nartillery, the Grand battery and Water-\\nport. Captain Lloyd\u00e2\u0080\u0099s company, the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and South bastions. Brigadier-\\nGeneral Picton to command the corps\\nin town. The Hanoverian brigade,\\nfrom the eight-gun bastion south to\\nPrince Edward\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery inclusive, un\u00c2\u00ac\\nder the command of Lieutenant-Colonel\\nDachenhausen. The 56th regiment,\\nSouth parade. The 12th regiment.\\nNew mole parade. The 97th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, Rosia parade. The 58th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, in front of their encampment,\\ndetaching a flank company through the\\nhole in the wall upon Windmill-hill,\\nto reinforce Europa Advance guard.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\n(This regiment was to receive orders\\nfrom Brigadier Curtis.) The engi\u00c2\u00ac\\nneers and artificers in two divisions, one\\nto assemble at the Esplanade town, the\\nother at the Esplanade south.\u00e2\u0080\u009d It was\\nrecommended at the same time to the\\ncommanding officers to have a suffi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncient reserve in case of deficiencies,\\nand to pay particular attention to the\\nflanks and redans which commanded\\nthe front of (he line-wall.\\nAs the above exhibits the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ndisposition of the troops, it will not be\\nimproper to insert in this place a de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntail of the guards which mounted in\\nthe garrison at this period, with the\\nstrength of the garrison, and men daily\\non duty. The strength of the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson, with the marine brigade (includ\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the officers), in September, was\\nabout 7500 men; upwards of 400 of\\nwhom were in the hospital. The num\u00c2\u00ac\\nber daily upon duty is shown in the fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing abstract.\\nK", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "130\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VII.\\nGuards\\nPickets (including the additions of the 12th)\\nWorking parties, under the chief engineer^\\nand the quartermaster-general\\n1091\\n613\\n1726\\nmen, including officers,\\nditto.\\nexclusive of the engineers\\nand overseers.\\nTotal 3430\\nbeside many who were constantly and indispensably employed as orderlies and\\nassistants in the hospital, and in other departments in the ganison.\\n71\\nU\\nArtillery.\\n8\\nVl\\n73\\nO\\na\\nc\\nc\\nv\\nw\\nc\\nW\\nM\\n03\\ns\\ni\\nS\\n93\\nO\\nGUARDS.\\neg\\nPh\\n3\\netf\\nD\\nO\\nSh\\ns\\nd\\n3\\no\\na\\naS\\nK\\na\\no\\n3\\nVl\\na\\nc n\\no\\nO\\nQ\\nS-.\\np.\\nDetachments to\\nTown District\\nl\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nGovernor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, or Convent gd.\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n6\\n0\\n0 N.B. Grenadiers.\\nLieut.-Governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n9\\n0\\n0 N.B. Lt. Infantry.\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, c.\\n0\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n6\\n58\\nFlag-staff\\nLandport\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n0\\n5\\n0\\n12\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n86\\n2\\n1\\n15\\n4\\nthe Spur Fleche.\\nGrand battery\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n26\\n0\\n0\\nthe Lunette\\nWaterport\\n0\\n2\\n2\\n4\\n6\\n2\\n88\\n0\\n2\\nMole head.\\nMain\\n0\\n1\\n1\\ng\\n4\\n2\\n40\\n1\\n3\\n1\\nSouthport\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n1\\n29\\n0\\nCastle\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n12\\n0\\n0\\nNorth line-wall\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n15\\n0\\n0\\nSouth line-wall\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n9\\n0\\n0\\nArtillery-magazine\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n6\\n0\\n0\\nMiddle-hill\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n12\\n2\\n0\\nCha. Vth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s wall.\\nSignal-house\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n6\\n1\\n0\\nVictualling-office\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n9\\n0\\n0\\nPatroles\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n9\\n0\\n0\\n18\\n0\\n0\\nOrderlies\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n13\\n0\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n0\\nLines\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nUpper Forbes s,\\nPrince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n6\\n2\\n50\\n1\\n1\\nSee.\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n50\\n0\\n2\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n30\\n0\\n1\\nSouth District\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nEuropa\\nEuropa Advance\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n32\\n20\\n1\\n1\\ng\\n4 l N. B. Marine\\n1 Brigade.\\n1\\n2\\n3\\nLittle Bay\\nRagged Staff\\nRosia\\nNew mole\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n18\\nSO\\n30\\n59\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nthe Wharf.\\nVictualling tent.\\nNew mole head.\\nBuena Vista\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n6\\n2\\n0\\nCamp\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n9\\n0\\n0\\nHospital\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n12\\n0\\n0\\nMagazine\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n15\\n0\\n0\\nThe Provost ship.\\nSouth Shed\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n21\\n0\\n0\\nPrincess of Wales\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n6\\n0\\n0\\nWindmill-hill\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n9\\n0\\n0 N.B. Corsicans.\\nGeneral De la Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n3\\n0\\n0\\nOrderlies\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nTotal\\n3\\n9\\n22\\n64\\n73\\n23\\n773\\n18\\n106\\nIn the evening of the 7th, a little\\nbefore midnight, two large lights ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared on the shore west of the Orange-\\ngrove, forming a right line with our\\nGrand battery; and at the same time,\\ntwo similar fires were seen behind Fort\\nSt. Philip; whence, if a line was pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nduced, it would to appearance have\\nintersected the former, about 800 or\\n900 yards to the north-west of the Old\\nmole head. These unusual signals\\nmade many conjecture that the enemy\\nwere sounding in that quarter. A\\nfew rounds were accordingly fired at\\nintervals in that direction from the\\nNorth bastion.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n131\\nBy the morning of the 8th, the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nparations, in the department of the\\nartillery, under General Boyd\u00e2\u0080\u0099s direc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions, were completed and, the success\\nof the attack in a great measure de\u00c2\u00ac\\npending upon embracing the favour\u00c2\u00ac\\nable moment, it was no longer de\u00c2\u00ac\\nferred. At seven o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, the town-\\nguards being relieved, the firing com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmenced from all the northern batteries\\nwhich bore upon the western part of\\nthe parallel, and was supported through\\nthe day with admirable precision and\\nvivacity. The effect of the red-hot\\nshot and carcasses exceeded our most\\nsanguine expectations. In a few hours,\\nthe Mahon battery of 6 guns, with the\\nbattery of 2 guns on its flank, and\\ngreat part of the adjoining parallel,\\nwere on fire; and the flames, notwith\u00c2\u00ac\\nstanding the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s exertions to ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinguish them, burnt so rapidly, that\\nthe whole of those works before night\\nwere consumed. The St. Carlos\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and\\nSt. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries however on this\\noccasion escaped the fate which they\\nhad formerly experienced. They were\\nnevertheless so much deranged by the\\nbreaches made to obstruct the effects\\nof the carcasses, c. that the enemy\\nwere under the necessity of taking\\ndown the greater part.\\nThe enemy, for near an hour, con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued silent spectators of our can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade. About eight, they fired a few\\nguns from the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery;\\nand between nine and ten, returned\\nour fire from Forts St. Philip and Bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nbara, with the 7-gun battery in the\\nlines, and soon after from 8 new mortar\\nbatteries in the parallel. This tardi\u00c2\u00ac\\nness in returning our fire, in some\\ndegree we attributed to the works being\\nconfused with materials, and some of\\nthe batteries being deficient in ammu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnition. It might however be owing to\\nwant of discretionary orders, as an\\nofficer of rank was observed to enter\\nthe lines about the time when their\\ncannonade became general: a rein\u00c2\u00ac\\nforcement also marched down from the\\ncamp.\\nThe astonishing bravery displayed\\nby the enemy in their repeated at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempts to extinguish the flames, could\\nnot fail to attract our particular notice\\nand admiration. Urged on most pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nbably by emulation, they performed\\nprodigies of valour; so that their loss,\\nunder so well directed a fire, must have\\nbeen very considerable. The French\\nbrigade, we afterwards understood, had\\n140 killed and wounded. If the Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnish casualties bore an equal propor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion, their united loss must have greatly\\nexceeded our calculation.\\nAbout four o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock in the afternoon\\nthe cannonade abated on both sides,\\nand the enemy soon after were totally\\nsilent, though we continued our usual\\nfire. The garrison had two or three\\nkilled, and several wounded. Lieut.\\nBoag, of the artillery, and Ensign Gor\u00c2\u00ac\\ndon, of the 58th regiment, were of the\\nlatter number. The former officer had\\nbeen wounded before: on this occasion\\nhe was pointing a gun from Hanover\\nbattery in the lines, when a shell fell\\nin the battery. He had scarcely time\\nto throw himself down in an embrasure,\\nwhen the shell burst, and fired the\\ngun under the muzzle of which he lay.\\nThe report immediately deprived him\\nof hearing, and it was some time be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore he recovered a tolerable use of\\nthat faculty. Major Martin, of the\\nsame corps, had likewise a very for\u00c2\u00ac\\ntunate escape from a 26-pounder, which\\nshot away the cock of his hat close to\\nthe crown. I insert this anecdote,\\nbecause it is commonly believed, that\\nif a cannon-ball of large diameter\\npasses so near the head of a person, the\\nwind of it is generally fatal. The\\nmajor was considerably stunned by the\\npassage of the shot, but experienced\\nlittle further injury. In the forenoon\\nof the 8th, two more ships of the line\\nremoved to the Orange-grove, followed\\nsome time afterwards by 22 gun and\\nmortar boats; and in the evening, one\\nof the French men-of-war joined them\\nfrom Algeziras. In the course of the\\nday, a number of troops were em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarked on board such of the battering-\\nships as were finished; and at night,\\nour artillery replaced the ammunition\\nin the expense magazines, which had\\nbeen used to such good purpose in the\\nmorning.\\nThis unexpected insult undoubtedly\\nprecipitated the duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s measures; and\\nk 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "132\\nHISTORY OF THE\\nby provoking him to the attack, before\\nthe preparations in the other depart\u00c2\u00ac\\nments were ready to combine with him\\nin a general and powerful effort against\\nthe garrison, served greatly to frus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrate the enterprise. Apprehensive,\\nprobably, that, elated by our good for\u00c2\u00ac\\ntune, we might renew our attempts\\nfinally to destroy the land works which\\nhad escaped, the duke determined to\\navoid the blow (which also might be\\nin other respects fatal in its conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquences) by opening his batteries, even\\nin their unfinished state. Actuated,\\nmost probably, by these motives, the\\nembrasures of the new batteries were\\nunmasked during the night of the 8th;\\nand the succeeding morning, at day\u00c2\u00ac\\nbreak, we were surprised to find every\\nappearance in their works for firing\\nupon the garrison. Two rockets from\\nthe forts in the lines were the signals\\nto begin; and the cannonade com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmenced at half-past five o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, with a\\nvolley of about GO shells from all their\\nmortar batteries in the parallel, suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded by a general discharge of their\\ncannon, amounting, in the whole, to\\nabout 170 pieces of ordnance, all of\\nlarge calibre:\u00e2\u0080\u0094a discharge, I believe,\\nnot to be paralleled!* Their firing\\nwas powerful, and entirely directed\\nagainst our works; but was not, after\\nthe first round, altogether so tremen\u00c2\u00ac\\ndous and destructive as we had reason\\nto expect from such a train of artillery.\\nAt intervals, from 10 to 20 shells were\\nin the air at the same moment; but\\ntheir effects were not equal to the num\u00c2\u00ac\\nbers expended. The town, southward\\nof the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, was little af\u00c2\u00ac\\nfected but the northern front, and\\nline-wall leading from the Grand pa\u00c2\u00ac\\nrade to the North bastion, were exceed\u00c2\u00ac\\ningly warm; and the lines and Land-\\nport were greatly annoyed by the\\nshells from the howitzers, which were\\ndistributed in various parts of their\\nparallel. Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and Orange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastions seemed to be the centre of the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cross-fire; whilst the line-\\nwall in their vicinity and to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward was taken a revers by the shot\\nA French account of the siege gives 186\\nas the number of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ordnance on\\nthe land side at this time.\\n[chap. ni.\\nwhich passed over the lines from the\\n64-gun battery.\\nNot imagining, from the rough ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npearance of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works, that\\nthey could possibly retaliate so soon,\\nthe guards and pickets at the north end\\nof the garrison were for some time ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed, and some casualties occurred:\\nbut we soon discovered whence we\\nwere chiefly annoyed, and consequently\\nbecame more cautious. Lieut. Whar\u00c2\u00ac\\nton, of the 73rd regiment, was dan\u00c2\u00ac\\ngerously wounded at Landport.\\nWhilst the land batteries were thus\\npouring forth their vengeance upon\\nthe northern front, nine line-of-battle\\nships, including those under the French\\nflag, got under way from the Orange-\\ngrove, and passing along the sea-line,\\ndischarged several broadsides at the\\ngarrison, and particularly at a settee\\nwhich had just arrived under our guns\\nfrom Algiers. When this squadron\\nhad got round Europa Point, they sud\u00c2\u00ac\\ndenly wore, and returning along the\\nEuropa, Rosia, and New mole batte\u00c2\u00ac\\nries, commenced a regular and heavy\\nfire upon the garrison. The marine\\nbrigade and artillery returned the\\nsalute till they passed, when the men-\\nof-war wore and returned to the east\u00c2\u00ac\\nward. About the same time that the\\nenemy were thus amusing us at the\\nsouthward, 15 gun and mortar boats\\napproached the town, and continued\\ntheir fire for some time but, the artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery giving them a warm reception\\nfrom the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, two of them\\nwere towed off with precipitation, and\\nthe rest retired in great disorder. One\\nwas thought to be very considerably da\u00c2\u00ac\\nmaged; and some imagined that her\\ngun was thrown overboard to save her\\nfrom sinking.\\nThis mode of annoying us on all\\nsides exactly corresponded with the ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncounts which we had received of the\\nplan of attack suggested by Monsieur\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099Ai\u00e2\u0080\u0099 9 on, the French engineer, who su\u00c2\u00ac\\nperintended the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s preparations.\\nThey hoped probably to confound and\\noverwhelm us, by presenting to us de\u00c2\u00ac\\nstruction under such various forms, and\\nby the enormous quantity of fire which\\nthey poured in upon the garrison. The\\ngovernor however did not approve of", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n133\\nhis troops being thus subjected to be\\nharassed at their pleasure, and resolved\\ntherefore, if possible, to put a stop\\nto their sea-attacks. For this purpose\\nthe furnaces and grates for heating\\nshot, at the New mole, were ordered to\\nbe lighted: and some new arrange\u00c2\u00ac\\nments took place in the ordnance upon\\nWindmill-hill. Toward dusk the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy abated in the fire from their can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnon increasing however in the expen\u00c2\u00ac\\nditure of shells, which, being generally\\nfired with short fuses, broke in the air.\\nThis practice seemed well calculated\\nfor the purposes in view. In the day,\\nthey could observe with greater cer\u00c2\u00ac\\ntainty the effect of their shot, and alter\\nas circumstances directed: the firing at\\nnight must unavoidably be less de\u00c2\u00ac\\npended upon: shells were therefore\\nburst over the heads of our workmen,\\nto prevent them, if possible, from re\u00c2\u00ac\\npairing at night the damage received in\\nthe day. It did not nevertheless ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nstruct the duties in the department of\\nthe engineers and the artillery were\\nnot hindered from further completing\\nthe expense magazines with ammuni\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. The 97th regiment was now so\\nfar recovered, as for some time to assist\\nin the fatigue duties of the garrison:\\nand this day the officers, with 100 men,\\nwere added to the general roster. The\\ntown guards were also ordered to as\u00c2\u00ac\\nsemble in Southport ditch.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s men-of-war (as we ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npected) repeated their attack very early\\non the morning of the 10th. Each ship\\ncarried, a light at her mizen-peak; but\\nthey did not approach near enough to\\nproduce much effect We received\\nthem with a well-supported fire; and\\nthe next morning observed one of them\\nat anchor, with her bowsprit unshipped,\\nat Algeziras. The remaining 8 re\u00c2\u00ac\\nnewed their cannonade about 9 in the\\nforenoon, and killed 2 of the marine\\nbrigade, and wounded a serjeant of ar\u00c2\u00ac\\ntillery and 2 others. After they had\\npassed as before, they wore ship, appa\u00c2\u00ac\\nrently with an intention of continuing\\ntheir visits, but suddenly put about,\\nhauled their wind, and anchored off\u00e2\u0080\u0099 the\\nOrange-grove. We were afterwards\\ninformed, that the discovery of a red-\\nhot shot on board one of the ships was\\nthe immediate cause of this hasty man\u00c2\u00ac\\noeuvre.\\nThe enemy continued their firing\\nfrom the isthmus, recommencing at\\nmorning gun-fire on the 10th from\\ntheir gun batteries. At 7 o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, includ\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the expenditure on the 8th, they had\\ndischarged 5527 shot and 2302 shells,\\nexclusive of the number fired by the\\nmen-of-war and mortar boats. The\\ngarrison, on the contrary, took no fur\u00c2\u00ac\\nther notice of them, than to return a\\nfew rounds from the terrace batteries\\nat their working parties, who were re\u00c2\u00ac\\npairing the damage done on the 8th,\\nand completing the rest of their works.\\nIn the course of the day, the Brilliant\\nand Porcupine frigates were scuttled by\\nthe navy in- the New mole; and at\\nnight the engineers, with a working\\nparty, cleared the lines of rubbish, and\\nrestored those traverses which had\\nbeen demolished. At night, the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire was under the same regula\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion as the preceding evening.\\nThe next morning, when our guards\\nwere relieving, a signal was made at\\nthe tower, near the quarry, under the\\nQueen of Spain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Chair; and the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade became excessively\\nbrisk: fortunately few casualties oc\u00c2\u00ac\\ncurred. Their firing, when this object\\nceased to engage them, seemed to be\\nprincipally directed against the obstruc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions at Landport, and in that part of\\nthe garrison. Many of the palisades in\\nthe covered way were destroyed, and\\nthe chevaux-de-frise considerably in\u00c2\u00ac\\njured: artificers were however con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly detached to repair those breaches,\\nso that the whole were kept in a better\\nstate than might be expected. In the\\nafternoon, we began to conclude, that\\nthe attack with the battering-ships was\\nno longer to be deferred. Several de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntachments of soldiers embarked from\\nthe camp, and others were standing on\\nthe neighbouring eminences; which,\\nwith the appearance in the evening of\\nsignals like those which had been ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved on the night of the 7th, led us\\nto imagine that every preparation was\\ncomplete; and the wind at that time\\nblowing gently in the bay, from the\\nnorth-west, favoured our conjecture.\\nLandport and Waterport guards were", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "134\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[ciiap. vii.\\nimmediately reinforced, the furnaces\\nand grates for heating shot were lighted,\\nand the artillery ordered to man the\\nbatteries.\\nThus prepared, we waited their ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npearance for it seemed to be the ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nneral opinion, that the battering-ships\\nwould advance, and be moored in the\\nnight, that they might be less exposed\\nto annoyance in this duty, and open\\nwith greater effect together at day\u00c2\u00ac\\nbreak. Our attention was however\\ncalled off from the bay to the land-side,\\nwhere the enemy had set fire to the\\nbarriers of Bay-side and Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s; and\\nthe whole of those palisades, to the\\nwater\u00e2\u0080\u0099s edge, were instantly involved in\\nflames. The northern guards and\\npickets were immediately under arms,\\nand a smart discharge of musketry was\\ndirected upon several parties, which,\\nby the light of the fire, were discovered\\nin the meadows. The enemy increas\u00c2\u00ac\\ning their bombardment, and nothing\\nnew happening in consequence of the\\nconflagration, the pickets and guards\\nwere remanded under cover; but the\\nartillery continued upon the batteries.\\nWe had scarcely recovered from this\\nalarm, before the gun and mortar boats,\\nwith the bomb-ketches, began to bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbard the northern front, taking their\\nstations off the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, extending\\ntowards Fort St. Philip. They com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmenced about an hour after midnight;\\nand their fire, added to that of the land\\nbatteries, exceedingly annoyed Water-\\nport and its vicinity. The out-pickets\\nwere again under arms, but providen\u00c2\u00ac\\ntially our loss was trifling. We re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned a few rounds from the sea-line,\\nbut still disregarded the batteries on\\nthe isthmus; excepting when their\\nworkmen appeared, or were thought to\\nbe employed. Major Lewis, comman\u00c2\u00ac\\ndant of the artillery, was unfortunately\\namongst the wounded. The confine\u00c2\u00ac\\nment of this active officer at this cri\u00c2\u00ac\\ntical juncture might have been highly\\nprejudicial to the service, had not his\\nseconds been of confirmed ability and\\nexperience: owing to their united ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nertions, the several duties in that com\u00c2\u00ac\\nplicated and important department con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued to be conducted with efficiency\\nand success.\\nWhen the gun-boats retired, nothing\\nnew occurred till the morning of the\\n12th: the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s firing continued to\\nbe supported at the average of 4000\\nrounds in the 24 hours. About 8\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, reports were received from\\nEuropa guard, that a large fleet had\\nappeared in the Straits from the west\u00c2\u00ac\\nward. The wind was brisk, and we\\nhad scarcely time to form any conjec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntures concerning them, ere they ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproached the bay; and proved to be the\\ncombined fleets of France and Spain,\\nconsisting of 7 3-deckers, and 31 ships\\nof 2 decks; with 3 frigates and a num\u00c2\u00ac\\nber of xebeques, bomb-ketches, and\\nhospital-ships; the whole under the\\ncommand of ten admirals, and a broad\\npendant. In the afternoon, they were\\nall at anchor in the bay between the\\nOrange-grove and Algeziras.\\nThis great accumulation of force\\ncould not fail to surprise, if not alarm\\nthe garrison. It appeared as if the\\nenemy meant, previous to their final\\nefforts, to strike, if possible, a terror\\nthrough their opponents, by displaying\\nbefore us a more powerful armament\\nthan had probably ever been brought\\nagainst any fortress. 47 sail of the\\nline, including 3 inferior two-deckers,\\n10 battering-ships, deemed perfect in\\ndesign, and esteemed invincible, carry\u00c2\u00ac\\ning 212 guns; innumerable frigates,\\nxebeques, bomb-ketches, cutters, gun\\nand mortar boats, and smaller craft for\\ndisembarking men; these were assem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbled in the bay. On the land side\\nwere most stupendous and strong bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries and works, mounting 200 pieces\\nof heavy ordnance, and protected by an\\narmy of near 40,000 men, commanded\\nby a victorious and active general, of\\nthe highest reputation, and animated\\nwith the immediate presence of two\\nprinces of the royal blood of France,\\nwith other dignified personages, and\\nmany of their own nobility. Such a\\nnaval and military spectacle most cer\u00c2\u00ac\\ntainly is not to be equalled in the an\u00c2\u00ac\\nnals of war. From such a combination\\nof power, and favourable concurrent\\ncircumstances, it was natural enough\\nthat the Spanish nation should antici\u00c2\u00ac\\npate the most glorious consequences.\\nIndeed their confidence in the effect to", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR\\n135\\nbe produced by the battering-ships\\npassed all bounds; and, in the enthu\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiasm excited by the magnitude of their\\npreparations, it was thought highly\\ncriminal, as we afterwards learned,\\neven to whisper a doubt of the success.\\nIn drawing these flattering conclu\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions, the enemy, however, seemed en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntirely to have overlooked the nature of\\nthat force which was opposed to them;\\nfor, though the garrison scarcely con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisted of more than 7,000 effective men,\\nincluding the marine brigade, they\\nforgot that they were now veterans in\\nthis service, had been a long time ha\u00c2\u00ac\\nbituated to the effects of artillery, and\\nwere prepared by degrees for the\\narduous conflict that awaited them.\\nWe were, at the same time, commanded\\nby officers of approved courage, pru\u00c2\u00ac\\ndence, and ability; eminent for all the\\naccomplishments of their profession,\\nand in whom we had unbounded con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfidence. Our spirits too were not a\\nlittle elevated by the success attending\\nthe recent practice of firing red-hot\\nshot, which in this attack we hoped\\nwould enable us to bring our labours\\nto a period, and relieve us from the\\ntedious cruelty of another vexatious\\nblockade.\\nBefore the garrison had well dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered the force of their new visitors,\\nan occurrence happened, which, though\\ntrifling in itself, I trust I shall be ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ncused for noticing. When the van of\\nthe combined fleet had entered the bay,\\nand the soldiers in town were atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntively viewing the ships, alleging,\\namongst other reasons for their arrival,\\nthat the British fleet must undoubtedly\\nbe in pursuit; on a sudden, a general\\nhuzza was given, and all, to a man,\\ncried out, the British admiral was cer\u00c2\u00ac\\ntainly in their rear, as a flag for a fleet\\nwas hoisted upon our Signal-house pole.\\nFor some moments the flattering idea\\nwas indulged; but our hopes were soon\\ndamped by the sudden disappearance of\\nthe signal. We were afterwards in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed by the guard at that post, that\\nwhat our creative fancies had imagined\\nto be a flag, was an eagle which, after\\nseveral evolutions, had perched a few\\nminutes on the westernmost pole, and\\nthen flew away toward the east.\\nThough less superstitious than the\\nancient Romans, many could not help\\nfancying it a favourable omen to the\\ngarrison; and the event of the suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding day justified the prognostica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion.\\nIn the morning of the 12th, the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor reinforced the pickets of the\\nline; nine of which, in future, were\\nstationed in town, and distributed as\\nfollows; two at Waterport, two at\\nLandport, two in the lines, and the\\nremaining three in the picket-yard,\\nwith the field-officer of the town dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrict. The other picket of the line was\\nstationed at the southward. The fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing return specifies the strength of\\nthe pickets at this period.\\nsub. s. d. r. iff.\\nThe artillery, and Hanoverian brigade, each corps. 1 1 1 39\\nThe 12th, 39th, 56th, and 58th regiments ditto 1 1 1 54\\nThe 72nd and 73rd regiments ditto 1 1 1 76\\nThe 97th regiment ditto 1 1 1 56\\nTotal four captains, one of the artillery and three of the line 11 11 11 580\\nIn the evening about dusk, a num\u00c2\u00ac\\nber of men were observed to embark\\nfrom the Orange-grove, on board the\\nbattering-ships; which, with the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsence of the combined fleet, and the\\nwind blowing favourably, induced us\\nto conclude that the important and long\\nmeditated attack was not long to be\\ndeferred.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade was con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued, almost on the same scale as the\\npreceding days, during the night of the\\n12th. The next morning we observed\\nthe combined fleet had made some new\\narrangements in their position, or moor\u00c2\u00ac\\nings, and that the remaining two bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntering-ships had joined the others at the\\nOrange-grove, where their whole at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntacking force seemed to be now assem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbled. About a quarter before seven\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, some motions were observed\\namongst their shipping; and soon after", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "136\\nHISTORY\\nthe battering-ships got under way, with\\na gentle breeze from the north-west,\\nstanding to the southward, to clear the\\nmen-of-war, and were attended by a\\nnumber of boats. As our navy were\\nconstantly of opinion that the batter\u00c2\u00ac\\ning-ships would be brought before the\\ngarrison in the night, few suspected that\\nthe present manoeuvres were prepara\u00c2\u00ac\\ntory to their finally entering on the\\ninteresting enterprise; but, observing\\na crowd of spectators on the beach,\\nnear Point Mala, and upon the neigh\u00c2\u00ac\\nbouring eminences, and the ships edg\u00c2\u00ac\\ning down towards the garrison, the\\ngovernor thought it would be impru\u00c2\u00ac\\ndent any longer to doubt it. The\\ntown batteries were accordingly man\u00c2\u00ac\\nned, and the grates and furnaces for\\nheating shot ordered to be lighted.\\nThus prepared for their reception,\\nwe had leisure to notice the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nevolutions. The ten battering-ships,\\nafter leaving the men-of-war, wore\\nto the north; and, a little past nine\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, bore down in admirable order\\nfor their several stations; the admiral,\\nin a two-decker, mooring about 900\\nyards off the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, the others\\nsuccessively taking their places to the\\nright and left of the flag-ship, in a mas\u00c2\u00ac\\nterly manner; the most distant being\\nabout 1100 or 1200 yards from the\\ngarrison. Our artillery allowed the\\nenemy every reasonable advantage, in\\npermitting them without molestation to\\nchoose their distance; but as soon as\\nthe first ship dropped her anchors,\\nwhich was about a quarter before ten\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, that instant our firing com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmenced. The enemy were completely\\nmoored in a little more than ten\\nminutes, and their cannonade then be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncame in a high degree tremendous.\\nThe showers of shot and shells which\\nwere now directed from their land-bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries, the battering-ships, and, on the\\nother hand, from the various works of\\nthe garrison, exhibited a scene, of which\\nperhaps neither the pen nor the pencil\\ncan furnish a competent idea. It is\\nsufficient to say that upward of four\\nhundred pieces of the heaviest artillery\\nwere playing at the same moment:\\nan instance which has scarcely oc\u00c2\u00ac\\ncurred in any siege since the invention\\nOF THE [chap. vii.\\nof those wonderful engines of de\u00c2\u00ac\\nstruction.*\\nAfter some hours\u00e2\u0080\u0099 cannonade, the\\nbattering-ships were found to be no less\\nformidable than they had been repre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsented. Our heaviest shells often re\u00c2\u00ac\\nbounded from their tops, whilst the\\n32-pound shot seemed incapable of\\nmaking any visible impression upon\\ntheir hulls. Frequently we flattered\\nourselves they were on fire; but no\\nsooner did any smoke appear than, with\\nthe most persevering intrepidity, men\\nwere observed applying water, from\\ntheir engines within, to those places\\nwhence the smoke issued. These cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstances, with the prodigious can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade which they maintained, gave us\\nreason to imagine that the attack would\\nnot be so soon decided as, from our re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncent success against their land-batteries,\\nwe had fondly expected. Even the\\nartillery themselves, at this period, had\\ntheir doubts of the effect of the red-hot\\nshot, which began to be used about\\ntwelve, but were not general till be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween one and two o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock.f The\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannon at the commencement\\nwere too much elevated, but about\\nnoon their firing was powerful and\\nwell directed. Our casualties then be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncame numerous, particularly on those\\nbatteries north of the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion,\\nwhich were warmly annoyed by the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s flanking and reverse fire from\\nthe land. Though so vexatiously an\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoyed from the isthmus, our artillery\\ntotally disregarded their opponents in\\nthat quarter, directing their sole atten\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion to the battering-ships, the furious\\nand spirited opposition of which served\\nto excite our people to more animated\\nT-__,_( Land batteries 186\\nEnemj ordnance j Floating 142\\n328\\nGarrison ordnance in action. 96\\n424\\nAs the ordnance portable furnaces for\\nheating shot were not sufficient in number to\\nsupply the demands of the artillery when the\\nattack was at its height, large fires were kin\u00c2\u00ac\\ndled of wood in the corners of the nearest\\nbuildings, and shot, being thrown into these\\npiles, were soon heated red-hot. These sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nplies were jocularly termed by the men,\\nroasted potatoes.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n137\\nexertions. A fire more tremendous, if\\npossible, than ever was therefore di\u00c2\u00ac\\nrected from the garrison. Incessant\\nshowers of hot balls, carcasses, and\\nshells of every species flew from all\\nquarters; and, as the masts of several\\nof the ships were shot away and the\\nrigging of all was in great confusion,\\nour hopes of a favourable and speedy\\ndecision began to revive.\\nAbout noon their mortar boats and\\nbomb-ketcheg attempted to second the\\nattack from the battering-ships; but,\\nthe wind having changed to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nwest and blowing a smart breeze, with\\na heavy swell, they were prevented\\ntaking a part in the action. The same\\nreason also hindered our gun-boats\\nfrom flanking the battering-ships from\\nthe southward.\\nFor some hours the attack and de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfence were so equally well supported\\nas scarcely to admit any appearance of\\nsuperiority in the cannonade on either\\nside. The wonderful construction of\\nthe ships seemed to bid defiance to the\\npowers of the heaviest ordnance. In\\nthe afternoon, however, the face of\\nthings began to change considerably:\\nthe smoke which had been observed to\\nissue from the upper part of the flag\u00c2\u00ac\\nship appeared to prevail, notwithstand\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the constant application of water,\\nand the admiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s second was perceived\\nto be in the same condition. Confusion\\nwas now apparent on board several\\nof the vessels, and by the evening their\\ncannonade was considerably abated;\\nabout seven or eight o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock it almost\\ntotally ceased, excepting from one or\\ntwo ships to the northward, which,\\nfrom their distance, had suffered little\\ninjury.\\nWhen their firing began to slacken,\\nvarious signals were made from the\\nsouthernmost ships; and as the evening\\nadvanced, many rockets were thrown\\nup, to inform their friends (as we after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards learned) of their extreme danger\\nand distress. These signals were im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately answered, and several boats\\nwere seen to row round the disabled\\nships. Our artillery, at this period,\\nmust have caused dreadful havoc\\namongst them. An indistinct clamour,\\nwith lamentable cries and groans, pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded (during the short intervals of\\ncessation) from all quarters; and, a\\nlittle before midnight, a wreck floated\\nin under the town line-wall, upon\\nwhich were twelve men, who only, out\\nof three-score which were on board\\ntheir launch, had escaped. These cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstances convinced us that we had\\ngained an advantage over the enemy,\\nyet we did not conceive that the victory\\nwas so complete as the succeeding\\nmorning evinced. Our firing was\\ntherefore continued, though with less\\nvivacity; but as the artillery, from such\\na hard-fought day, exposed to the in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntense heat of a warm sun, in addition\\nto the harassing duties of the preceding\\nnight, were much fatigued, and as it\\nwas impossible to foresee what new ob\u00c2\u00ac\\njects might demand their service the\\nfollowing day, the governor, about six\\nin the evening, when the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire\\nabated, permitted the majority of the\\nofficers and men to be relieved by a\\npicket of a hundred men from the ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nrine brigade, under the command of\\nLieutenant Trentham; and officers and\\nnon-commissioned officers of the artil\u00c2\u00ac\\nlery were stationed on the different\\nbatteries, to direct the sailors in the\\nmode of firing the hot shot.\\nAbout an hour after midnight, the\\nbattering-ship which had suffered the\\ngreatest injury, and which had been\\nfrequently on fire the preceding day,\\nwas completely in flames; and by two\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock in the morning of the 14th, she\\nappeared as one continued blaze from\\nstem to stern. The ship to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of her was also on fire, but did\\nnot burn with so much rapidity. The\\nlight thrown out on all sides by the\\nflames enabled the artillery to point\\nthe guns with the utmost precision,\\nwhilst the rock and neighbouring ob\u00c2\u00ac\\njects were highly illuminated, forming,\\nwith the constant flashes of our cannon,\\na mingled scene of sublimity and terror.\\nBetween three and four o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, six\\nother of the battering-ships indicated\\nthe efficacy of red-hot shot; and the\\napproaching day now promised us one\\nof the completest defensive victories on\\nrecord.\\nBrigadier Curtis, who was encamped\\nwith his brigade at Europa, being in-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "138\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VII.\\nformed that the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ships were in\\nflames, and that the calmness of the sea\\nwould permit his gun-boats to act,\\nmarched,--about three o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock a.m., with\\na detachment to the New mole; and,\\ndrawing up his twelve boats in such\\nmanner as to flank the battering-ships,\\ncompelled their boats to abandon them.\\nAs the day approached and the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson fire abated, the brigadier advanced\\nand captured two launches filled with\\nmen. These boats attempted to escape,\\nbut a shot killing and wounding several\\nmen on board one of them, both surren\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered, and were conducted to Ragged\\nStaff. The brigadier being informed\\nby the prisoners that many men were\\nthrough necessity left by their friends\\non board the ships, he generously de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermined to rescue them from the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nevitable death which seemed to impend.\\nSome of these infatuated wretches ne\u00c2\u00ac\\nvertheless, it is said, refused at first the\\ndeliverance which was tendered to\\nthem, preferring the chance of that\\ndeath which appeared inevitable to be\u00c2\u00ac\\ning put to the sword, which they had\\nbeen persuaded would be the conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquence if they submitted to the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson. Being left, however, some mo\u00c2\u00ac\\nments to the horrors of their fate, they\\nbeckoned the boats to return, and re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsigned themselves to the clemency of\\ntheir conquerors.\\nWhilst the navy were thus humanely\\nrelieving their distressed enemy, the\\nflames reached the magazine of one of\\nthe battering-ships to the northward,\\nwhich blew up, about five o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, with\\na dreadful explosion. In a quarter of\\nan hour following, another, in the\\ncentre of the line, met with a similar\\nfate. The wreck from the latter spread\\nto a vast extent, and involved our gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats in the most imminent danger:\\none was sunk, but the crew were saved.\\nA hole was forced through the bottom\\nof the brigadier\u00e2\u0080\u0099s boat, his coxswain\\nkilled, and the strokesman wounded,\\nand for some time the crew were ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nscured in the cloud of smoke. After\\nthis very fortunate escape, it was deemed\\nprudent to withdraw toward the garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson, to avoid the peril arising from the\\nblowing-up of the remaining ships.\\nThe brigadier, however, visited two\\nother ships in his return, and landed\\n9 officers, 2 priests, and 334 private\\nsoldiers and seamen, all Spaniards,\\nwhich, with 1 officer and 11 French\u00c2\u00ac\\nmen who had floated in the preceding\\nevening, made the total number saved\\namount to 357. Many of the prisoners\\nwere severely and some of them dread\u00c2\u00ac\\nfully wounded. They were instantly,\\non being brought on shore, conveyed\\nto our hospital, and every remedy ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nministered necessary for their different\\ncases.*\\nDuring the time that the marine bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngade were encountering every danger\\nin their endeavours to save an enemy\\nfrom perishing, the batteries on the\\nisthmus (which ceased the preceding\\nevening, most likely for want of am\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunition, and which had opened again\\nupon the garrison on the morning of\\nthe 14th) maintained a warm fire upon\\nthe town, which killed and wounded\\nseveral men; and three or four shells\\nburst in the air, over the place where\\ntheir countrymen were landed. This\\nungenerous proceeding could not escape\\nthe observation of the spectators in their\\ncamp, and orders probably were sent to\\nthe lines for the batteries to cease, as\\nthey were silent about ten o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock.\\nNotwithstanding the efforts of the\\nmarine brigade in relieving the terri\u00c2\u00ac\\nfied victims from the burning ships,\\nmany unfortunate men could not be\\nremoved. The scene at this time ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nhibited was as affecting, as that which\\nhad been presented in the act of hosti\u00c2\u00ac\\nlity had been terrible and tremendous.\\nMen crying from amidst the flames for\\npity and assistance; others, on board\\nthose ships where the fire had made\\nThe following extract from a contempo\u00c2\u00ac\\nrary account by a French officer, who served\\nin the besieging army, and was an eyewitness\\nof this scene, shows a generous appreciation of\\nthe efforts made by the garrison to succour\\nthose with whom they had been so lately\\ncontending:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\u00e2\u0080\u009c Je n\u00e2\u0080\u0099ai ni l\u00e2\u0080\u0099anglomanie qui\\nexagere le merite de la nation Britannique,\\nni la liaine nationale qui dissimule; mais c\u00e2\u0080\u0099est\\npour moi une satisfaction bien douce de payer\\naux Anglais, liberateurs des malheureux laisses\\ndans les prames, le tribut d\u00e2\u0080\u0099eloges que meri-\\ntaient dans ce moment leur courage et leur\\nhumanite. L\u00e2\u0080\u0099Espagne et la France doivent\\netre a jamais reconnoissantes de cette gene-\\nrosite inouie.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR,\\n139\\nlittle progress, imploring relief with\\nthe most expressive gestures and signs\\nof despair; whilst several, equally ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nposed to the dangers of the opposite\\nelement, trusted themselves, on various\\nparts of the wreck, to the chance of\\npaddling themselves to the shore. A\\nfelucca belonging to the enemy ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproached from the Orange-grove, pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nbably with the intention of relieving\\nthese unfortunate persons; but, jealous\\nof her motives, the garrison suspected\\nthat she came to set fire to one of the\\nbattering-ships which appeared little\\ninjured, and obliged her to retire. Of\\nthe 6 ships which w r ere still in flames,\\n3 blew up before eleven o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock; the\\nother 3 burnt to the water\u00e2\u0080\u0099s edge, the\\nmagazines being wetted by the enemy\\nbefore the principal officers quitted the\\nships. The admiral\u00e2\u0080\u0099s flag was on board\\none of the latter, and was consumed\\nwith the vessel. The remaining two\\nbattering-ships, we flattered ourselves,\\nmight be saved as glorious trophies of\\nour success; but one of them unex\u00c2\u00ac\\npectedly burst out into flames, and in a\\nshort time blew up, with a terrible re\u00c2\u00ac\\nport and Captain Gibson representing\\nit as impracticable to preserve the\\nother, it was burnt in the afternoon,\\nunder his directions. Thus the navy\\nput a finishing hand to this signal de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfensive victory.\\nDuring the hottest period of the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade, the governor was\\npresent on the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, whilst\\nLieut.-General Boyd took his station\\nupon the South bastion, animating the\\ngarrison by their presence, and en\u00c2\u00ac\\ncouraging them to emulation. The\\nexertions and activity of the brave ar\u00c2\u00ac\\ntillery, in this well-fought contest, de\u00c2\u00ac\\nIt will not be improper in this place to\\nrepeat, that General Boyd laid the foundation\\nstone of the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, as it will bean\\napology for introducing a remarkable speech\\nof the General on that occasion. In 1773,\\nGeneral Boyd, attended by Colonel Green,\\nthe chief engineer, and many held-officers of\\nthe garrison, laid the first stone of that work,\\nwith the ceremony usual on such occasions.\\nUpon fixing the stone in its place, This,\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nsaid the General, is the first stone of a work\\nwhich I name the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Bastion may it be\\nas gallantly defended, as I know it will be ably\\nexecuted: and may I live to see it resist the\\nunited efforts of France and Spain.\\nserve the highest commendations. To\\ntheir skill, perseverance, and courage,\\nwith the zealous assistance of the line\\n(particularly the corps in town, the\\n39th and 72nd regiments), was Gi\u00c2\u00ac\\nbraltar indebted for its safety against\\nthe combined powers, by sea and land,\\nof France and Spain and the marine\\nbrigade, though they had not so consi\u00c2\u00ac\\nderable a share in the duties of the\\nbatteries, yet merit the warmest praises\\nfor their generous intrepidity in rescu\u00c2\u00ac\\ning their devoted enemies from amidst\\nthe flames.\\nWhilst the enemy were cool, and\\ntheir ships had received little damage,\\ntheir principal objects were the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion, and line-wall, north of Orange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbastion. Their largest ships (which\\nwere about 1400 tons burden) were\\nstationed off the former, in order to\\nsilence that important battery, whilst\\na breach was attempted by the rest, in\\nthe curtain extending from the latter\\nto Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion. If a breach\\nhad been effected, the prisoners in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed us that their grenadiers were\\nto have stormed the garrison under\\ncover of the combined fleets.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The\\nprivate men complained bitterly of\\ntheir officers for describing the batter\u00c2\u00ac\\ning-ships to be invulnerable, and for\\npromising that they were to be seconded\\nby ten sail of the line, and all the gun\\nand mortar boats. They further told\\nus, that they had been taught to be\u00c2\u00ac\\nlieve the garrison would not be able to\\ndischarge many rounds of hot balls:\\ntheir astonishment, therefore, was in\u00c2\u00ac\\nconceivable when they discovered that\\nwe fired them with the same precision\\nand vivacity as cold shot.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Admiral\\nMoreno,\u00e2\u0080\u009d they said, quitted the Pas-\\ntora, which was the flag-ship, a little\\nbefore midnight; but other officers re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntired much earlier.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The loss sus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntained by the enemy could never be\\nascertained; but, from the information\\nof the prisoners, and the numbers seen\\ndead on board the ships, we estimated\\nit could not be less than 2000 men, in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncluding the prisoners. The casualties\\nof the garrison, on the contrary, were\\nso trifling, that it will appear almost\\nincredible that such a quantity of fire,\\nin almost all its destructive modes of", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "140\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VII.\\naction, should not have produced more\\neffect, with respect to the loss of men.\\nThe return stands thus\\nSEPTEMBER 13TH, 1782.\\nKilled.\\nJVounded.\\nRegiments.\\n0.\\ns.\\nd.\\n0.\\nd.\\nk\\nltoyal Artillery\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n5\\n3\\n0\\n0\\n21\\n12th Regiment\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\n39th ditto\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n5\\n56th ditto\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\n58th ditto\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n4\\n72nd ditto\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n12\\n73rd ditto\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n8\\n97th ditto\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\nHardenberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\nReden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nDe la Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\nEngineers, with\\nthe\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nArtificer Company\\n0\\nMarine Brigade\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n5\\nTotal\\nm\\n1\\n2\\n0\\n13\\n5\\n0\\n0\\n63\\nOfficers killed and wounded.\\nArtillery\u00e2\u0080\u0094Captain Reeves killed; Captains\\nGroves and Siward, with Lieut. Godfrey,\\nwounded.\\n58th regiment\u00e2\u0080\u0094Lieutenant Wetham (who had\\npermission to act as an artillery officer)\\nwounded.\\n73rd regiment\u00e2\u0080\u0094Captain M Kenzie wounded.\\nThe distance of the battering-ships\\nfrom the garrison was exactly such as\\nour artillery could have wished. It\\nrequired so small an elevation that al\u00c2\u00ac\\nmost every shot took effect; and the\\ncannon thus elevated did not require\\nthe shot to be wadded\u00e2\u0080\u0094a circumstance\\nnot unimportant, as the time, which at\\npoint-blank would have been expended\\nin doubly wadding, was employed in\\nkeeping up the cannonade with greater\\nbriskness. The damage done to our\\nworks held no proportion with the vio\u00c2\u00ac\\nlence of the attack, and the excessive\\ncannonade which they had sustained.\\nThe merlons of the different batteries\\nwere disordered, and the flank of\\nOrange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion was a little injured\\nbut the latter was chiefly done by the\\nland fire, and was not of such conse\u00c2\u00ac\\nquence as to afford any room for appre\u00c2\u00ac\\nhension. The ordnance and carriages\\nwere also damaged; but, by the activity\\nof the artillery, the whole sea-line,\\nbefore night, was again in serviceable\\norder.\\nThe enemy, in this action, had 328\\npieces of heavy ordnance in play;\\nwhilst the garrison had only 80 cannon,\\n7 mortars, and 9 howitzers in opposi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. Upwards of 8300 rounds (more\\nthan half of which were hot shot), and\\n716 barrels of powder, were expended\\nby our artillery. What quantity of\\nammunition was used by the enemy\\ncould never be ascertained. The fol-\\nlowing was handed about as an au\u00c2\u00ac\\nthentic list of the battering-ships:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nNames of the\\nGuns\\nGuns\\nBattering-ships.\\nin use.\\nin reserve.\\nMen.\\nCommanders.\\nPastora\\n21\\n10\\n760\\nRear-Admiral Buenaventura\\nTailla Piedra\\n21\\n10\\n760\\nPrince of NassauSieglien.*\\nPaula Prima\\n21\\n10\\n760\\nDon Gayetana Langara.\\nEl Rosario\\n19\\n10\\n700\\nDon Francisco Xavier Munos\\nSt. Christoval\\n18\\n10\\n650\\nDon Frederico Gravino.\\nPrincipe Carlos\\n11\\n4\\n400\\nDon Antonio Basurta.\\nSan Juan\\n9\\n4\\n340\\nDon Joseph Angeler.\\nPaula Secunda\\n9\\n4\\n340\\nDon Pablo de Cosa.\\nSanta Anna\\n7\\n4\\n300\\nDon Joseph Goicoechea.\\nLos Dolores\\nG\\n4\\n250\\nDon Pedro Sanchez.\\n142\\n70\\n5260\\nN.B.\u00e2\u0080\u0094About 36 men to each gun in use, besides sailors, c. to work the ships.\\nThe afternoon of the 14th, several\\nthousand men marched with colours\\nfrom the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp to their lines, and\\nmany ships in the combined fleet loosed\\ntheir top-sails. These motions, and the\\ncircumstance of many of their boats\\nbeing manned, caused various specula\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions in the garrison. Whatever their\\nfuture operations might be, it was pru\u00c2\u00ac\\ndent to be on our guard: the artillery\\nwere ordered therefore to remain upon\\nthe batteries, and the furnaces for heat-\\nM. d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Areon, the French engineer, and projector of the floating batteries, embarked on\\nboard the Tailla Piedra, and quitted the ship about half an hour after midnight, as he states in\\nthe Defence of his plan of attack, which was published at Cadiz the following year.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n141\\ning shot to be kept lighted, lest the\\nenemy should be prompted to put all\\nto the stake, and attempt the garrison\\nby a general attack. It was indeed\\nafterwards rumoured, that such a de\u00c2\u00ac\\nsign had been in contemplation, but\\nwas overruled by the duke, who was\\nof opinion it would be exposing the\\nfleet and army to inevitable destruction.\\nNotwithstanding their recent defeat,\\nthe enemy continued their cannonade\\nfrom the isthmus; expending, during\\nthe remainder of the month, from 1000\\nto 2000 rounds in the 24 hours dimi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnishing gradually, and confining their\\nshells to the night. Their operations\\non the land side were also still carried\\non and, if we were able to form any\\nconjectures at this period, from their\\nmotions to the northward, their late\\nmisfortune did not seem at all to damp\\ntheir hopes of succeeding against the\\ngarrison. A flag of truce went on the\\n15th with letters from our prisoners\\nto the camp; and about two o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock\\nin the afternoon, the combined fleet\\nhanded in their top-sails. Some hours\\nafterwards they manned their yards,\\nand fired a grand salute. We were at\\na loss to account for these singular re-\\njoicings v Lieut. M\u00e2\u0080\u0098Namara, of the\\n72nd regiment, was wounded the same\\nday at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, where our working\\nparties were employed clearing away\\nthe rubbish from the batteries.\\nThe garrison having experienced\\nthe powerful efficacy of red-hot shot,\\nand the governor thinking it expedient\\nto have a continual supply of them, the\\nengineers erected kilns (similar to those\\nused in burning lime, but smaller) in\\nvarious parts of the garrison. They\\nwere large enough to heat upward of\\n100 balls in an hour and a quarter;\\nand, by this invention, hot shot were, if\\nthought necessary, kept continually\\nready for use. Our former method of\\nheating the shot was either in the grates\\nand furnaces made for that purpose, or\\nby piling them in a comer of some old\\nhouse adjoining the batteries (as was\\nThe following extract from the French\\naccount of the siege, already quoted, may\\nserve to explain this circumstance Le\\n15, le Comte d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois fit a Dom Louis de Cor\u00c2\u00ac\\ndova l\u00e2\u0080\u0099honneur de se rendre a son bord.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nprincipally the practice on the 13th),\\nand surrounding them with faggots,\\npieces of timber, and small coal. By\\nthose means the artificers were enabled\\nto supply the artillery with a constant\\nsuccession for the ordnance. Answers\\nwere received in the afternoon of the\\n16th to the prisoners\u00e2\u0080\u0099 letters. At night\\na great number of signals were made\\nby the combined fleet. Shot were\\ntherefore again ordered to be heated,\\nand the artillery cautioned to be ready\\nto man the batteries. The 39th and\\n72nd regiments also lay fully accoutred.\\nThe same night, the sailors recovered\\nthe gun-boat which had been sunk on\\nthe morning of the 14th. As the pri\u00c2\u00ac\\nsoners informed us that intelligence\\nhad been received, previous to the at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntack of the battering-ships, that Lord\\nHowe, with the British fleet, was pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nparing to sail for the relief of Gibraltar,\\nthe navy began to prepare to raise the\\nBrilliant and. Porcupine frigates, which\\nhad been scuttled in the New mole;\\nbut their efforts, for some time, were\\nnot attended with success.\\nThe Spanish officers, prisoners, with\\nthe Frenchmen who were taken up\\nfrom the wreck upon the night of the\\n13th, were sent to the camp on the\\nevening of the 17th. The remaining\\nSpanish privates were encamped upon\\nWindmill-hill, and given in charge to\\nthe Corsicans. Of the number who\\nhad been saved from the battering-\\nships, were an officer, a captain of\\nmarines, and 29 privates, who were\\nwounded. Most of these recovered in\\nour hospital; but the officer, notwith\u00c2\u00ac\\nstanding every assistance and attention,\\ndied on the 17th. He was buried,\\nthe succeeding day, with all military\\nhonours, attended by the grenadiers of\\nthe 39th regiment.\\nWhen we reflected of what vast im\u00c2\u00ac\\nportance this grand enterprise was es\u00c2\u00ac\\nteemed, and what immense sums had\\nbeen expended in the ingenious and\\nformidable preparations, it was ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved, with no small surprise, by many\\nwho were present when the prisoners\\nwere landed, that the majority of them\\nseemed to be past that age when the\\nvital powers are supposed to be in their\\ngreatest vigour. In an expedition where", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "142\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. vii.\\nyouth and strength best promised a\\nfavourable issue, this impolitic arrange\u00c2\u00ac\\nment certainly could not pervade the\\nwhole! The Spaniards, from their\\ndark complexion and meagre diet,\\nhave naturally, even when young, an\\naged look: and yet our observations\\nseemed confirmed by other indubitable\\nfacts. Several bodies were thrown\\nashore, all of which seemed advanced\\nin years; and one in particular ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared, from his grey beard and lean\\nvisage, past sixty. This corpse was\\nhorribly mutilated, and, with the mise\u00c2\u00ac\\nrable objects then under the care of our\\nsurgeons, convinced us, by ocular proof,\\nof the dreadful havoc which our ar\u00c2\u00ac\\ntillery must have made in the latter\\npart of the day.\\nThe westerly wind, which had cast\\nup these unfortunate men, threw also\\non shore many trifling curiosities, and\\nsome things of value, which had floated\\non the surface of the bay after the\\nbattering-ships had blown up. Large\\nwax candles, such as are usually burnt\\nby the Romish priests before their al\u00c2\u00ac\\ntars salt provisions and a great num\u00c2\u00ac\\nber of ammunition boxes, containing\\n10 rounds of powder in linen car\u00c2\u00ac\\ntridges, were collected by the garrison\\nthe morning succeeding the defeat.\\nConsiderable pieces of mahogany, and\\nsome cedar, were saved from the wrecks\\nof those ships whose magazines did not\\nblow up, which were afterwards con\u00c2\u00ac\\nverted into various useful articles,\\nserving as memorials of our victory.\\nThe governor had a handsome set of\\ntables made for the Convent (the holes\\nin the cedar, where the fire had pene\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrated, being filled up with sound wood,\\ncut in various figures, forming a beau\u00c2\u00ac\\ntiful contrast with the burnt part),\\nwhich will serve as a standing monu\u00c2\u00ac\\nment to the guests of the transactions\\nof that glorious day.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire on the 19th was\\nwarmer than the few preceding days\\nand, which was rather extraordinary,\\nit was continued whilst a flag of truce\\nwent from the governor, and another\\nreturned in answer. The officer who\\nbrought the Due de Crillon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s answer\\nwas one of his aides-de-camp, the Comte\\nde Rufigniac, colonel of the French\\nregiment de Chartres. He pressed\\nmuch to deliver his packet personally\\nto the governor, and offered to submit\\nto be blindfolded, provided he could be\\nadmitted into the garrison. He was\\neven so urgent as to put his foot on\\nboard our boat, but was informed by\\nthe aide-de-camp that his request could\\nnot be complied with. As the Count\\nwould not be content with this answer,\\nour flag was obliged to return to make\\nknown his extraordinary importunity\\nto the governor, who politely excused\\nhimself the honour which the Count\\nintended him, as the state of affairs\\nwould not then permit it. We shall have\\noccasion again to mention the Count\\nbefore the close of this work. The\\nwind changed to the east in the night\\nof the 19th; but the combined fleet\\nstill remained at anchor in the bay.\\nThe 20th, the mortar boats, which had\\nremained inactive for some time, bom\u00c2\u00ac\\nbarded the garrison. They seemed to\\nbe attended by only four or five gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats, and were extremely cautious in\\ndirecting their fire. Three shells fell\\nin Southport ditch, amongst the 39th\\nregiment.\\nSome changes took place in the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s suite on the 21st: town-major\\nCaptain Foulis was appointed aide-de-\\ncamp to the commander-in-chief, and\\nCaptain Delhoste, of the 72nd regiment,\\ntown-major. A flag of truce, the same\\nday, brought over a letter from the\\nduke, in answer to one from the\\ngovernor, of the preceding day. Their\\nboat also brought clothing for the\\nWalon prisoners. In the evening,\\nabout eight o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, reports were re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived from the northern guards, that\\nthe enemy were in motion in their\\ncamp, and that troops were marching\\ndown to the lines. About the same\\ntime Some extraordinary signals were\\nmade by the Spanish admiral. The\\nthree pickets remaining with the field-\\nofficer in town were immediately de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntached to reinforce the captain of\\nLandport, the lines, and Waterport,\\nwho, beside their usual guards, had\\neach two pickets with them before.\\nThe 39th and 72nd regiments were\\nagain ordered to lie accoutred, and\\nthe artillery cautioned to be alert. By", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n143\\nthis disposition it was evident the\\ngovernor still expected a further attack\\nupon the garrison; and that evening it\\nwas most to be apprehended, as it was\\npossible that the Duke by that day\\nmight receive an answer from Madrid,\\nindicating his future operations. Up\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of 1200 men being thus distributed\\nn the vicinity of the Grand battery,\\nwith two regiments at hand to act as\\nJorps de reserve, we waited the further\\nmovements of the enemy. A little be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore midnight, a soldier of the 73rd\\nregiment, removing rubbish from the\\nPrince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, fell from the extremity,\\nand was killed. An officer with a\\nsmall detachment was immediately or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered from Landport to bring in the\\nbody. This was discovered by the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s advanced parties, who opposed\\nit by a brisk discharge of musketry in\\nregular platoons. Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines guard\\nprotected our party, who returned with\\nthe body without any casualties. The\\nsteady and animated fire supported by\\nthe enemy convinced us of the strength\\nof their advanced posts. Nothing ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntraordinary, however, happened during\\nthe night after this occurrence.\\nThe governor still continued the\\nparty at Lower Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s under the\\nlines. On the night of the 23rd they\\ndiscovered two men near the stone\\nsentry-box, within the ruins of the old\\nbarrier. The serjeant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s orders (the\\nreader may remember) were, not to\\nfire but in his own defence, or in case\\nof an alarm but observing them\\nmeasuring with a chain the distance\\nbetween the foot of the rock and the\\nInundation, and thinking they might\\nbe persons of some consequence, and\\nprobably possessed of memorandums\\nwhich might discover the motives of\\ntheir manoeuvres, he determined in this\\ncase to fire: they, in return, alarmed\\nat his preparations, suddenly appeared\\non the defensive; but the serjeant was\\nso lucky as to kill the principal person,\\nand the other ran off. The body was\\ninstantly brought in, but no papers of\\nconsequence were found about him.\\nHe was thought to have been a volun\u00c2\u00ac\\nteer. The serjeant, who was a cadet\\nin General Reden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s regiment, was soon\\nafterwards promoted to a commission\\nbut whether for this service, or in his\\ntour I cannot inform my reader.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s firing seemed now to be\\ndirected under the following regulations.\\nAbout five or six in the morning, when\\nthe night-pickets were retiring from\\ntheir posts, the cannonade commenced,\\nand continued pretty brisk till noon.\\nFrom twelve to two o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock there was\\nthe usual intermission; for, as I have\\nremarked before, the Spaniards would\\nnot be deprived of their customary nap,\\nor siesta. In the decline of the day\\nthey discharged more or less, as their\\ncaprice dictated. About seven in the\\nevening their cannon ceased, and their\\nmortars took up the fire, continuing it till\\ndaybreak of the succeeding day. The\\nammunition now expended was gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nrally from 400 to 500, and sometimes\\n600 shells in the 24 hours, with from\\n600 to 1000 shot. The profusion of\\nthe former had greatly diminished the\\nimmense piles in their artillery park,\\nand their howitzers were by no means\\nso lavish of their troublesome shells as\\nthey had been.\\nThe 24th, the Brilliant frigate was\\nraised after much trouble. The same\\nday about noon, upward of 50 boats,\\nwhich had been assembled for the\\nattack, returned to the westward, and\\nthe mantlet-boats retired up the river\\nPalmones. The departure of the for\u00c2\u00ac\\nmer, with others which had left the\\nbay the two preceding days, reduced\\ntheir remaining small craft to a very\\ntrifling number.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "144\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VIII.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nThe Combined Fleets remain in Gibraltar Bay, being determined to oppose the relief of the\\nGarrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Captain Curtis visits the Enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Camp to establish a cartel\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy raise\\nadditional works\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Combined Fleets greatly distressed by a hurricane\u00e2\u0080\u0094A Spanish line-\\nof-battle ship is driven under the walls of Gibraltar, and submits to the Garrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094At this\\njuncture the British Fleet appear in the Straits, but the convoy unfortunately pass the\\nRock to the eastward\u00e2\u0080\u0094Letters received from the British Ministry by the Governor\u00e2\u0080\u0094The\\nCombined Fleets, after making repairs, follow the British Fleet into the Mediterranean,\\nbut avoid an action\u00e2\u0080\u0094Lord Howe conducts the convoy safe into the Bay, returns to the\\nwestward, and is followed by the Combined Fleets\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade diminishes, and\\nthe fire from the Garrison increases\u00e2\u0080\u0094Enemy establish a post under the Rock near the\\nDevil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Tower\u00e2\u0080\u0094Repeat their attacks from the gun-boats\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Due de Crillon acquaints\\nGeneral Eliott that the preliminaries of a General Peace had been signed\u00e2\u0080\u0094Hostilities in\\nconsequence cease\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Emperor of Morocco sends a present of cattle with a letter to\\nGeneral Eliott, who soon afterwards receives from England official accounts of the Peace\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nInterview between the Due de Crillon and the Governor\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Governor views the Spanish\\nbatteries, and dines at San Roque\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Duke returns the visit, in the Garrison\u00e2\u0080\u0094Ceremony\\nof investing the Governor with the Order of the Bath\u00e2\u0080\u0094Sir George Augustus Eliott\u00e2\u0080\u0099s speech\\nto the Garrison, upon communicating to them the Thanks of the King and Parliament for\\ntheir Defence of Gibraltar.\\nNotwithstanding that we might na\u00c2\u00ac\\nturally infer, from the dispersion of\\ntheir small craft, that the enemy had\\nat length relinquished the hope of\\ntaking Gibraltar by force of arms, yet\\nthe continuance of their cannonade,\\nand the presence of the combined fleets\\n(though frequent opportunities had of\u00c2\u00ac\\nfered for their return to the westward),\\nrendered their conduct so ambiguous\\nthat we could form no idea what line\\nthey purposed to pursue in their future\\noperations. We knew a relief was in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended by the British fleet; but we\\ncould never imagine, if there was any\u00c2\u00ac\\nthing of an equality, that the enemy\\nwould venture an opposition, even\\nthough a victory might make them\\nmasters of Gibraltar. We waited,\\ntherefore, a few days to observe the\\nmovements of our adversaries, and by\\ntheir actions expected to solve the dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nficulty.\\nThe evening of the 26th of Septem\u00c2\u00ac\\nber, the whole of the combined army\\nwere under arms, formed in one line\\n(which extended about four miles and\\na half) from the river Guadaranque to\\nvery near Fort Tonara. Some persons\\nof high rank, attended by a numerous\\nsuite of cavalry, passed along the front;\\nand they were not dismissed till after\\nsunset. In the evening, Major Hors\u00c2\u00ac\\nfall, of the 72nd regiment, was wounded\\nby a splinter of a shell. At night,\\nanother of our workmen in the Prince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlines fell from the extremity, and was\\nkilled. A party was detached from\\nLandport to bring in the body, and the\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines and other guards ordered\\nto protect them; the enemy however\\nremained quiet. The 27th, their parties\\nbegan to collect brushwood for fascines.\\nThis circumstance served the more to\\nincrease our doubts relative to their\\nfuture conduct. The same day, our\\nnavy got up the Porcupine frigate the\\nengineers also finished the Royal and\\nGreen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lodge batteries. The former\\nis 1300, and the latter 900 feet above\\nthe level of the isthmus; yet, notwith\u00c2\u00ac\\nstanding this elevation, the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nfire, during Don Alvarez\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bombard\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, was found to be so galling, that\\nthe engineers were under the necessity\\nof covering them with caissoned mer-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n145\\nIons. Several launches full of troops\\nwere observed, on the 29th, going on\\nboard the combined fleet. They were\\nsupposed to be marines who had been\\nlanded from the men-of-war previous\\nto the grand attack. A flag of truce,\\nthe same day, brought clothes for the\\nprisoners. Early on the morning of\\nthe 30th, a soldier of the 72nd regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nment deserted from the serjeant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s party\\nat Lower Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. His own brother\\nwas one of the guard. The same day,\\nthe combined fleets were joined by a\\nline-of-battle ship. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s can\u00c2\u00ac\\nnonade still continued to be about 1000\\nor 1100 rounds of shot and shells\\nin the 24 hours. Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries,\\nand the extremity of the Prince\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nand Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lines, were much damaged\\nfrom the 64-gun battery. A flag\\nof truce went from the garrison with\\na letter, and two parcels, which had\\nbeen sent on the 29th, directed for per\u00c2\u00ac\\nsons who could not be found amongst\\nthe prisoners. In the evening of the\\n30th, the mortar-boats bombarded our\\ncamp. At first we imagined they were\\nalone, but the gun-boats soon after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards fired upon the town from the\\nnorthward. Two shells fell in the\\nhospital, and wounded several of the\\nsick. Other casualties also happened\\nin the garrison. The prisoners upon\\nWindmill-hill were alarmed, on two\\nor three shells falling near their camp;\\nand it was not without some severity\\nthat their guards could keep themselves\\nwithin the boundaries.\\nEarly on the 1st of October, a boat\\ncame into Little Bay, with a Corsican\\non board, who had escaped from Alge-\\nziras. He had been mate of a neutral\\nvessel; but, hearing that some of his\\nrelations were in the Corsican corps,\\nhe was determined to join his country\u00c2\u00ac\\nmen. The intelligence which he\\nbrought was, that Lord Howe only\\nwaited some reinforcements to sail for\\nthe relief of Gibraltar, and that the\\ncombined fleet were resolved to oppose\\nhim. Thus consoled with the hope of\\npreventing the intended succours, the\\nenemy still flattered themselves that\\nGibraltar must of necessity submit,\\nthrough the mere failure of provisions.\\nIn the course of the day, the corpse of\\na Spanish officer was washed ashore\\nunder our walls: a purse of pistoles,\\nand a gold watch, were found in his\\npockets. He was buried with respect,\\ntwo navy officers attending the funeral;\\nand the following day, a flag of truce\\ndelivered the watch and money, to be\\nreturned to his friends. The 2nd,\\nseveral men were wounded by the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shot, in the gallery above\\nFarringdon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, which continued to be\\nprosecuted with diligence; and Serjeant\\nHarrop, of the 72nd regiment*(a man\\nuniversally noticed and admired for his\\ngallantry and conduct in the works),\\nwas killed at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. We observed,\\nthe same day, several boats which for\u00c2\u00ac\\nmerly had mantlets in the bow, return\u00c2\u00ac\\ning from the river Palmones; having,\\nas we imagined, undergone some altera\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions, to enable them to act as gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats. In case of a visit from the\\nlatter, signals were now determined\\nupon, to intimate when the artillery\\nwere to man the batteries. Two guns\\nquick, and a red flag hoisted upon a\\nflag-staff erected on the South bastion,\\nwas to be the day signal; two guns\\nquick and a light, the signal for the\\nnight. In the evening, we had an op\u00c2\u00ac\\nportunity of practising our new signals,\\nby the approach of the mortar-boats,\\nwhich bombarded the garrison for\\nabout two hours. The gun-boats,\\nthough perhaps attending them, did\\nnot fire. Previous to their visit, some\\nmuskets were discharged, and some\\nsignals made amongst the fleet; but\\nwe could not observe any particular\\nmovements.\\nIn the forenoon of the 3rd, a Spanish\\nfrigate, with a flag of truce at her fore\u00c2\u00ac\\ntop-gallant mast-head, anchored within\\ngun-shot of the Old mole head, and\\nimmediately Captain Curtis went on\\nboard her. In the forenoon, Captain\\nCurtis returned, and the frigate sailed\\nback to the fleet. The wind at the\\ntime was so strong, that she was obliged\\nto leave her anchor behind; which\\nbeing mentioned to the governor,\\norders were sent, not to fire upon the\\nboats when they returned to fish it up.\\nThe following day, Captain Curtis,\\naccompanied by the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s secre\u00c2\u00ac\\ntary and a naval officer, went in his\\nL", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "146\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. vm.\\nbarge to the Orange-grove; where a\\ncarriage waited, and conducted them\\nto Buena Vista, the Duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s quarters.\\nThe intention of this visit, we after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards understood, was to establish a car\u00c2\u00ac\\ntel with the Spaniards for the exchange\\nof prisoners. Captain Curtis was in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntroduced, by the Due de Crillon, to\\nhis Royal Highness the Comte d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artois,\\nwho thanked him, in very handsome\\nterms, for his humanity and gallantry\\nin relieving the unfortunate prisoners\\nfrom tli* burning battering-ships; re\u00c2\u00ac\\nquesting Captain Curtis at the same\\ntime to inform the governor, that he\\nentertained the. highest esteem and\\nrespect for him, for his benevolence\\nand liberality to the prisoners upon\\nthe same occasion. Before Captain\\nCurtis returned, which was in the\\nevening, the kilns for heating shot\\nwere lighted, and other preparations\\nmade, as if some attack was expected.\\nDuring this correspondence, the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries observed a proper silence,\\nin respect to the flag. Captain Curtis\\ninformed us, that Lord Howe, with the\\nBritish fleet, was certainly on his pass\u00c2\u00ac\\nage to the Mediterranean. The garri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson did not however feel that indescrib\u00c2\u00ac\\nable satisfaction and pleasure on receiv\u00c2\u00ac\\ning this intelligence, which we had\\nexperienced when Admirals Rodney\\nand Darby were announced in 1780\\nand 1781. A French rear-admiral,\\nin a three-decker, with a frigate, and\\nseveral smaller armed vessels, joined\\nthe combined fleet on the 3rd. The\\nman-of-war had many signals flying\\nwhen she entered the bay, which were\\nanswered by the Spanish admiral.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade was still\\ncontinued, with such variation as their\\ncaprice dictated. The number of\\nrounds of shot and shells usually ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeded 800 in the 24 hours, and\\nsometimes amounted to 1100 or 1200.\\nWe amused them with a trifling return,\\ndirected chiefly to their parties, who,\\nto our astonishment, were still form\u00c2\u00ac\\ning considerable depots of fascines and\\nmaterials in the lines. Lieutenant\\nKenneth M\u00e2\u0080\u0098Kenzie, of the 73rd, was\\nwounded on the 4th, in the communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncation from the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s to the Queen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlines. Two days afterwards, agreeably\\nto a flag of truce of the preceding day,\\nthe Spanish prisoners (excepting 10\\nsick in the hospital, and 59 Walons\\nand foreigners who requested to stay\\nbehind) were sent to the combined\\ncamp. The Walons who preferred\\nstaying in the garrison were embodied\\ninto those corps which chose to receive\\nthem. The 39th and 58th regiments\\nentertained 10 each; and the remain\u00c2\u00ac\\nder were incorporated with the Corsi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncan company.\\nTwo of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s engineers had\\nbeen observed on the 4th, picketing out\\na work, extending from the ruins of the\\nMahon battery to the western beach,\\ncrossing the north-west angle of the\\nfarthest gardens. We were at a loss\\nwhat to conclude from this appearance\\nof a determination still to prosecute the\\nsiege. They did not however let us\\nremain long in suspense; for, on the\\nmorning of the 6th, we discovered that\\nthey had erected a strong boyau of ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproach, extending, in the line before\\nmentioned, about 430 yards\u00e2\u0080\u0094near a\\nquarter of a mile. It was raised with\\nsand-bags; and from its resemblance\\nto the original epaulment of the 64-gun\\nbattery, some imagined it was intended\\nfor the same purpose; though the\\nengineers were of opinion, it was\\nonly a communication to some addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntional works in embryo. Although the\\nenemy, by throwing up this extensive\\nwork, gained by stealth a second ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvantage upon the garrison, yet the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor was determined, if possible, to\\nprevent them completing it. The Old\\nmole head howitzers, with a warm fire\\nfrom the heights, were opened at night\\nupon this new object; and, as the\\nformer almost entirely enfiladed it, the\\nenemy were so much annoyed, that it\\nwas never finished. The night of the\\n6th, they made good the communica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion to the parallel, from the extremity\\nof the boyau, near the ruins of the\\nMahon battery, which was left imper\u00c2\u00ac\\nfect the preceding night.\\nThe following day, the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery took fire from the wadding or\\ndischarge of their own cannon. One\\nmerlon was destroyed, and another\\nconsiderably damaged, before the\\nflames were extinguished. We threw", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n147\\na few shells from below, to disturb\\nthem in this duty; but otherwise no\\nparticular notice was taken of the ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncident. The enemy found their situ\u00c2\u00ac\\nation so extremely warm in their new\\nboyau, that, on the night of the 7th,\\nthey threw up a strong shoulder at the\\nextremity near the beach, to protect\\nthem against the Hanking fire of the\\nhowitzers of the Old mole head. Our\\nshells were nevertheless fired with\\nsuch judgment and dexterity as just to\\ndear the traverse, and seemed to do\\nas much execution in the interior part\\nas before. Great quantities of fascines,\\nc., were scattered in the rear;\\nwhence we concluded they purposed\\nworking in the night, but had been\\nprevented by the vivacity of our fire.\\nThey also repaired the St. Martin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nbattery. A flag of truce brought over\\nletters for the governor and Captain\\nCurtis on the 8th; and, at night, a\\nboat sailed for Leghorn with a midship\u00c2\u00ac\\nman and six sailors, bearing home dis\u00c2\u00ac\\npatches from the governor. This was\\nthe first boat or vessel which left the\\ngarrison after the victory of the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding month.\\nThe enemy, about the 8th or 9th,\\nadopted a new plan for the regulation\\nof their bombardment during the night:\\nevery 10 or 15 minutes they discharged\\nfive, seven, and sometimes ten mortars\\nat die same time, directing the shells\\nprincipally to the same object. After\\na silence of the above period, they sa\u00c2\u00ac\\nluted us with a second volley, and so\\non till morning gun-fire. The number\\nof rounds continued variable, from 400\\nto 600 shots, with almost the same pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nportion of shells, in the 24 hours.\\nThey were enabled to expend these im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmense quantities of ammunition by re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceiving constant supplies. The parties\\nin the fascine park appeared now to be\\nconsiderably increased, and an univer\u00c2\u00ac\\nsal activity seemed still to prevail\\nthrough the different departments. A\\nperson, ignorant of what had passed,\\nand suddenly brought to view their\\nproceedings, might therefore naturally\\nconclude from their operations, that\\nthey were elated with, and following\\nup some success, rather than depressed\\nby a defeat. On the night of the 9th,\\ni some signals were made at Cabrita\\nPoint, which were answered by the\\ncombined fleets, each ship showing a\\nlight.\\nThe wind blew fresh westerly on\\nthe 10th; and two frigates and a cutter\\njoined the combined fleets from that\\nquarter. In the evening, a number of\\nsignals were made by the Spanish ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmiral, which were answered by various\\nships in the fleet. After sunset, the\\ngale increased, and at midnight it blew\\na hurricane, with smart showers of\\nrain. Signal-guns were repeatedly\\nfired by the combined fleets; and from\\ntheir continuance, and the violence of\\nthe wind, we concluded some of them\\nwere in distress. At daybreak, a Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnish two-decker was discovered in a\\ncrippled state, close in shore off\\nOrange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion she was under close-\\nreefed courses, and had lost her mizen\\ntopmast. Observing her danger upon\\nan enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lee-shore, she suddenly\\nluffed up, and endeavoured to weather\\nthe garrison: as she passed several\\nshots were fired through her from the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, which killed two, and\\nwounded two others; and soon after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards she grounded near Ragged Staffs\\nand struck to the garrison, hoisting\\nan English jack over her own colours.\\nA boat from the Speedwell cutter im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately took possession of the San\\nMiguel, or St Michael, of 72 guns,\\ncommanded by Don Juan Moreno, a\\nChef d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Escadre. The officers and men,\\nto the number of 634 (many of whom\\nwere dismounted dragoons), were im\u00c2\u00ac\\nmediately landed, and conducted to the\\nquarters before occupied by their\\nfrierfds upon Windmill-hill. The gover\u00c2\u00ac\\nnor was present when they were\\nbrought ashore, and generously permit\u00c2\u00ac\\nted them to take their baggage un\u00c2\u00ac\\nsearched, and the officers their stock of\\nfresh provisions. When the morning\\ncleared up, so as to admit of our ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserving the state of the combined fleets,\\nwe discovered the whole in great dis\u00c2\u00ac\\norder. One was on shore near their\\ngrand magazine; a French ship of the\\nline had lost her foremast and bow\u00c2\u00ac\\nsprit one, a three-decker, was missing,\\nsupposed to be driven from her anchors\\nto the eastward; and three or four\\nL 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "148\\n[chap, viil;\\nHISTORY\\nwere forced half-bay over (two within\\nrange of the garrison), where they all\\nseemed to be in a very precarious situ\u00c2\u00ac\\nation. Many of the parapet boats, and\\nother small craft, were also driven on\\nshore near the Orange-grove. If the\\nstorm had continued a few hours\\nlonger, it is not improbable that a\\nthree-decker, with several other ships,\\nwould have suffered the fate of the St.\\nMichael. The wind, however, abated\\nas the day advanced; and, when the\\nswell would permit them to assist the\\ndisabled ships, the boats were busily\\nemployed in carrying out anchors and\\ncables to those which appeared most in\\ndistress. The garrison were not idle\\nspectators of these movements: several\\nsea mortars were soon brought to bear\\non the nearest ships, and one was in a\\nshort time obliged to move; but an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchoring again off Point Mala, we con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued annoying her with shells and\\nred-hot shot, till she warped out of our\\nrange.\\nThe prisoners were no sooner landed\\nfrom the prize, than the seamen began\\nto lighten the vessel, by removing her\\npowder ashore, and cutting away the\\nmizen-mast: but she remaining still\\naground, they carried out anchors to\\nprevent her going further ashore, in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntending to renew their exertions to\\nwarp her off at high water. The St.\\nMichael was esteemed one of the best\\nsailers in the Spanish navy. She was a\\nnew ship, built at the Havannah; very\\nlofty between decks, which were of\\nmahogany, and her beams of cedar.\\nWhen the combined fleets appeared in\\nthe English Channel, the St. Michael\\nwas one of the leading ships, and was\\nalso in the squadron which fired upon\\nthe garrison the 9 th of September, when\\nthe Due de Crillon opened his bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries. The Spanish officers informed\\nus they had received intelligence, the\\npreceding day, of the approach of the\\nBritish fleet; which had induced Ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmiral Cordova to order the combined\\nfleets to lie at single anchor, and pre\u00c2\u00ac\\npare to weigh at the shortest notice:\\nthat they were thus situated when the\\ngale came on; and, the hurricane still\\nincreasing, a three-decker, early in the\\nmorning, ran foul of the St. Michael\\nOF THE\\nand forced her from her anchor: that\\nshe immediately set sail, but, as the\\nevent had evinced, found it impossible\\nto weather the rock.\\nThe intelligence of Lord Howe being\\nso near, now, for the first time, gave us\\nsensible pleasure; not so much on ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncount of our personal situation, as of\\nthe advantage which the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s recent\\nmisfortunes would give his lordship\\nover his opponents, as well toward\\naccomplishing the object of his orders,\\nas affording him a further opportunity\\nof acting as his lordship\u00e2\u0080\u0099s well-known\\nabilities might dictate. We were so\\nelated by our enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s distress, that\\nsome were so sanguine as to anticipate\\nthe most glorious conclusion of the war\\nand our own sufferings. Our hopes\\nhowever were soon depressed by the\\nintelligence of Lord Howe\u00e2\u0080\u0099s great in\u00c2\u00ac\\nferiority in number. Thirty-four sail\\nto oppose forty-two, which still re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmained at anchor in the bay, gave us\\nreason to be apprehensive for the safety\\nof the British fleet The navigation of\\nthe Straits was so precarious, that if\\nhis lordship once entered the Mediter\u00c2\u00ac\\nranean he might probably be prevented\\nfrom returning for a considerable time;\\nand the enemy, though now distressed,\\nmight, by the assistance of the camp,\\nsoon refit, and attack him under every\\nadvantage. By this digression I am,\\nhowever, anticipating the regular nar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrative. In the afternoon a French\\ntwo-decker sailed to the eastward; and\\nsoon after a settee came in from the\\nwest, and fired several guns as she en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntered the bay. At this time it was so\\nvery hazy in the Straits, that we could\\nnot see the opposite coasts. About sun\u00c2\u00ac\\nset several large ships were discovered\\nthrough the haze and soon after, the\\nLatona frigate, Captain Conway, an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchored under our guns, and informed\\nus that the ships in the Straits were\\nthe van of the British fleet, commanded\\nby Lord Howe, consisting of 34 sail of\\nthe line, including 11 three-deckers,\\nwith 6 frigates and 31 ordnance trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nports, and a reinforcement of upward\\nof 1600 men for the garrison. Cap\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain Conway further told us of the\\ngreat anxiety which prevailed at home\\nrelative to the situation of Gibraltar;", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "1-782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n149\\nand that it was only off the southern\\ncoast of Portugal that Lord Howe had\\nhis uneasiness removed, by receiving\\nintelligence of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s complete\\ndefeat. This welcome information, he\\nsaid, was accompanied by advice, that\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cthe combined fleets had taken their\\nstation in the bay of Gibraltar, re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsolutely determined to prevent, if pos\u00c2\u00ac\\nsible, the intended relief.\u00e2\u0080\u009d We learned\\nthat, upon receiving the latter intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence, the admirals and principal offi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncers were summoned on board the\\nVictory; where particular instructions\\nand orders were communicated, in ex\u00c2\u00ac\\npectation of an engagement, which was\\nconsidered as unavoidable.\\nAlthough the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s signals for\\nthe approach of the British fleet were\\nmade early in the afternoon, yet the\\nSpanish admiral exhibited not the least\\nappearance of opposition to any rein\u00c2\u00ac\\nforcements being thrown into the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison. This favourable opportunity\\nwas, however, lost; owing, as Lord\\nHowe expresses in his official letter,\\nto the want of timely attention to the\\ncircumstances of the navigation.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Only\\nfour or five transports reached the\\nrock; the rest, with the fleet, were car\u00c2\u00ac\\nried by the current into the Mediter\u00c2\u00ac\\nranean. At night, or early on the 12th,\\nCaptain Curtis sailed in the Latona, to\\ninform Lord Howe of the calamity\\nwhich had befallen the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fleet.\\nAt noon the British fleet appeared in\\ngood order off Estepona or Marbella;\\nand the transports, with the frigates,\\nwere working to windward to gain the\\nbay. As they approached the isthmus\\nthe enemy saluted them from their\\nmortars, and fired upon them from\\nbehind the eastern advanced guard\u00c2\u00ac\\nhouse.\\nWhilst the British fleet, with the\\ntransports, were thus critically situated,\\nthe combined fleets were very active in\\nrepairing their late damages, and in\\nforming a line of battle along the shore.\\nIn the evening a number of troops were\\nembarked on board them from the camp.\\nTheir xebeques, cutters, armed brigs,\\nand gun-boats, also assembled in Sandy\\nBay, with an intention probably of\\npicking up our straggling transports.\\nIn the close of the day, however, this\\nfleet of craft returned to their main\\nfleet. At night the Panther man-of-\\nwar, and several transports, anchored\\nin the bay.\\nThe enemy on the land-side per\u00c2\u00ac\\nsevered in their cannonade; and ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserving that the St. Michael had run\\naground within the range of their bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries, threw great numbers of shells,\\nwith an intent to destroy her. Many\\nburst over her, and some fell very near;\\nbut, as their artillery could only be\\ndirected by her masts, none fell on\\nboard. They pointed their usual weight\\nof fire against our works, which the\\ngovernor (now that a prospect of sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nplies appeared) returned with unusual\\nvivacity. Their new boyau severely\\nfelt the effect of our ordnance. It was\\nconsiderably deranged, and the en\u00c2\u00ac\\nfilading howitzers at the Old mole head\\nprevented them from strengthening it\\nwith any additions of consequence. In\\nthe garrison orders of the 12th, the fol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlowing extracts from the dispatches\\nreceived by the governor were in\u00c2\u00ac\\nserted\\nG. 0. Extract from a letter to the\\ngovernor, from the Right Hon.\\nthe Earl of Shelburne, principal\\nsecretary of state to his Ma\u00c2\u00ac\\njesty. Dated St. James\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, July\\n10th, 1782.\\n1 am also honoured with his Ma\u00c2\u00ac\\njesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s command to assure you in the\\nstrongest terms, that no encouragement\\nshall be wanting to the brave officers\\nand soldiers under your command. His\\nroyal approbation of the past will no\\ndoubt be a powerful incentive to future\\nexertions; and I have the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s au\u00c2\u00ac\\nthority to assure you, that every distin\u00c2\u00ac\\nguished act of emulation and gallantry\\nwhich shall be performed in course of\\nthe siege by any, even of the lowest\\nrank, will meet with ample reward from\\nhis gracious protection and favour.\\nThese his Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s intentions you will\\ncommunicate to every part of your gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, that they may be perfectly sa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntisfied their royal master feels for the\\ndifficulties they are under, admires\\ntheir glorious resistance, and will be\\nhappy to reward their merit.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "150\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. Till.\\nExtract from a letter to the governor\\nfrom the Right Hon. Gen. Conway,\\ncommander-in-chief of his Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nforces. Dated August 31st, 1782.\\nI am now to add that I have the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s command to inform you, that he\\nis in the greatest degree satisfied with\\nthe brave and steady defence made by\\nyour garrison; and his Majesty is de\u00c2\u00ac\\nsirous of showing them every mark of\\nhis royal approbation. It is in this\\nlight that his Majesty has been gra\u00c2\u00ac\\nciously pleased to consent to granting\\nbat and forage-money, as a proper in\u00c2\u00ac\\ndulgence to your officers.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThese extracts were perused by the\\ngarrison with great satisfaction, as they\\ndemonstrated that the safety of Gibral\u00c2\u00ac\\ntar was esteemed a matter of the first\\nimportance; and flattered us with the\\nagreeable hopes that our late services\\nwould be duly appreciated by our\\nfriends and countrymen.\\nThe British fleet, at daybreak on the\\n13th, was still off Marbella, with the\\nwind at west. About nine o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock a.m.\\nthe Spanish admiral made the signal\\nfor the combined fleets to weigh an\u00c2\u00ac\\nchor. By one o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock the whole were\\nunder way. At three a French rear-\\nadmiral, being the last of the rear divi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion, cleared the bay. Their number\\nin all amounted to 80 sail, of which\\nthe following, I believe, is an accu\u00c2\u00ac\\nrate account: 6 three-deckers, 38 two-\\ndeckers, including several fifties (total,\\n44 men-of-war); 5 frigates, 29 xe-\\nbeques, cutters, armed ships, and brigs;\\nalso 2, imagined to be fire-ships. Not\u00c2\u00ac\\nwithstanding little doubt was to be en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntertained of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s intention of\\nleaving the bay, the Panther man-of-\\nwar remained at anchor with several\\nofficers of the garrison on board, whom\\nthe governor had permitted to act as\\nvolunteers in the expected engagement.\\nWhen the combined fleets had cleared\\nthe bay, they stood some time to the\\nsouthward, and leaving a line-of-battle\\nship and two frigates to prevent the\\nPanther from joiniug her admiral,\\ndrove with the current some leagues to\\nthe eastward. They then appeared to\\nedge down towards the British fleet,\\nwhich was in close line of battle upon a\\nwind, with their heads to the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward the transports, with the frigates\\nwhich had been beating up, falling be\u00c2\u00ac\\nhind them to leeward. Thus were\\nboth fleets situated at the close of the\\nevening. Before the enemy had totally\\nquitted the bay, Captain Curtis landed\\nin a small boat from the Latona frigate,\\nwith 20,000/. in specie for the garrison,\\nhaving narrowly escaped being cut off\\nby the combined fleets. He told us the\\nBritish fleet were in high spirits, and\\nimpatient to engage, notwithstanding\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s great superiority. When\\nthe combined fleets first appeared in\\nmotion, the Spanish prisoners who had\\nbeen landed from the St. Michael were\\nso overjoyed, that they could not for\u00c2\u00ac\\nbear expressing their ecstacies in so\\nriotous a manner as to call for some\\nseverity, to confine them within the\\nlimits of their camp.\\nAs our observations on the manoeu\u00c2\u00ac\\nvres of the fleet were interrupted soon\\nafter sunset, we impatiently waited for\\nthe succeeding day to be spectators of\\nthe action, which was now considered\\nas impossible to be avoided; and orders\\nwere therefore given for preparing\\nseveral wards in the Navy hospital for\\nthe reception of the wounded: but, on\\nthe dawn of the 14th,-the fleets, to our\\nastonishment, were some leagues dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntant from each other; the British being\\nto leeward in the south-east quarter,\\nwhilst the combined fleets appeared in\\nthe north-east, off Estepona. In the\\nevening the British fleet could be dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncovered only from the summit of the\\nrock. It seemed to the garrison that\\nthe Spanish admiral, by having the\\nweather-gage, had it in his option to\\nbring the British fleet to action if he\\npleased. The fleets being thus sepa\u00c2\u00ac\\nrated, the Panther, about noon, en\u00c2\u00ac\\ndeavoured to join Lord Howe, but put\\nback for want of wind. Seventeen gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats came from Algeziras, apparently\\nto prevent her leaving the bay but ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserving her cast anchor, they returned.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade on the land-\\nside was continued with great vivacity.\\nA few days, nay, probably hours, were\\nto turn the balance for or against their\\nfuture hopes of obtaining the grand\\nobject of their wishes: they were not\\ntherefore economical in their ammuni-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": ".1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n151\\ntion; nor was the garrison in the least\\nbehind them in the brisk use of their\\nordnance. Lieut. Gromley, of the\\nRoyal Artillery, was mortally wounded\\nin the evening at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and died soon\\nafter he was brought to the hospital.\\nPart of the combined fleets, in the\\nmorning of the 15th, was seen (though\\nthe weather was very hazy) off Mar-\\nbella. The British fleet was out of\\nsight; the Panther nevertheless at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntempted to join them. About 8 a.m.\\nthe wind came about to the eastward.\\nIn the forenoon 9 polacres sailed from\\nthe Spanish camp, with troops on board\\nfor Ceuta, This brought to our recol\u00c2\u00ac\\nlection the critical state of that garrison\\nboth as to men and provisions, when\\nAdmiral Rodney was in their neigh\u00c2\u00ac\\nbourhood in 1780; and the enemy,\\nfrom embracing this opportunity of\\nsending supplies, appeared not entirely\\nto have forgotten it. About noon, the\\nBritish fleet was discovered in the\\noffing, to the south-east of Ceuta, stand\u00c2\u00ac\\ning under an easy sail towards the rock.\\nAt night the Latona, with 8 or 10\\ntransports, anchored in the bay. They\\ninformed us that the Buffalo man-of-\\nwar, with the remaining twelve trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nports, had separated (by order) from\\nthe fleet, but had not afterwards\\njoined. This intelligence gave us\\nsome uneasiness for their safety; but\\nwe flattered ourselves they were gone,\\nagreeably to instructions, to the Zafa-\\nrine Islands, the place of rendezvous in\\ncase the fleets engaged. Capt. Conway,\\nafter a short conference with the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor, returned in the morning of the\\n16th to the British fleet, which was\\ncruising to the eastward of the rock,\\nwith the wind at east. The combined\\nfleets were not in sight: we concluded\\ntherefore that they were gone to Ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nlaga to make further repairs, and join\\nthose ships which had been forced from\\nthe bay on the 11th. Since the arrival\\nof the first transports, the garrison had\\nbeen busily employed in disembarking\\nthe supplies. The former fleets had\\nbrought us principally provisions; this\\nbrought us only men and ammunition,\\nwhich probably might, without this\\nsupply, have become as scarce articles\\nas the former had been.\\nThe exertions of the navy not being\\nsuccessful in floating the St. Michael, a\\nhundred sailors were detached on board\\non the 17th, to their assistance and\\nnot long afterwards, she was anchored\\noff the New mole. It was peculiarly\\nfortunate that she grounded on a bank\\nof sand, though she was surrounded\\nwith rocks: her bottom was therefore\\nlittle injured. Sir Charles Knowles,\\nBart., who had been formerly on this\\nstation, was appointed to command her.\\nThe wind had now changed to the\\nsouth-west; and, in the forenoon of the\\nsame day, a British frigate appeared\\nfrom the west. She made a signal\\nwhen off Europa, which being an\u00c2\u00ac\\nswered by our fleet, she immediately\\njoined them. At night, the gun-boats\\nbeing heard in the bay, our batteries\\nwere manned to receive them; but,\\nupon a gun being fired from the St.\\nMichael, they threw up their rockets\\nand returned. Some were of opinion\\nthat they meditated an attempt to cut\\nher out. The 18th, the wind again\\ncame about to the east; and the Buff alo,\\nwith eleven of the missing transports,\\narrived in the course of the day. These\\nships, as we had conjectured, had sepa\u00c2\u00ac\\nrated from the fleet, and were pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding to the place of rendezvous,\\nwhen, not hearing any firing, and the\\nwind veering about, they returned, and\\nwere very near joining the combined\\nfleets, but discovered their error time\\nenough to rectify it. The missing ves\u00c2\u00ac\\nsel, they informed us, had been taken\\nby the enemy, some days before, off\\nMalaga; and, having on board the\\nwives and baggage of the two regiments\\nwhich were on board the fleet, and\\nwere intended for our reinforcement,\\nher capture greatly distressed those\\ncorps, and the garrison heartily con\u00c2\u00ac\\ndoled with them. The Latona, in her\\nreturn to the fleet, chased and boarded\\na vessel, which proved to be a Spanish\\nfire-ship. The crew, deserting her,\\nwere conducted, by two gun-boats at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntending, to a xebeque at some distance,\\nwhich afterwards went into Ceuta.\\nThe prize was sent into the bay. About\\nnoon, 4 or 5 men-of-war arrived from\\nthe fleet, with the 25th and 59th regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments. Lord Mulgrave, who com-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "152\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. vnr.\\nmanded the disembarkation, landed\\nthe troops with the greatest expedition\\ntinder the line-wall at the New mole,\\nRosia and Camp bays, and returned to\\nLord Howe off Tetuan. The two re\u00c2\u00ac\\ngiments were encamped before ten\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock at night; the former behind the\\nbarracks, the latter upon Windmill-\\nhill. We now learned that the admiral,\\nhaving accomplished the object of the\\nexpedition, intended to embrace the fa\u00c2\u00ac\\nvourable opportunity of the wind, and\\nimmediately return to the westward.\\nIn the course of the night, the fire-ship\\nbrought in by Capt. Conway was pur\u00c2\u00ac\\nposely set on fire, and being anchored\\napart from the shipping, blew up with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout doing any damage. The Latona\\nsoon afterwards joined the British fleet.\\nCapt. Vallotton, the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s first\\naide-de-camp, embarked in her to bear\\nhome the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s public dispatches.\\nCapt. Curtis also went in her, to com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunicate information from the governor,\\nto Lord Howe; and did not return.\\nAt daybreak on the 19th, both fleets,\\nto our great astonishment, were in\\nsight; the combined fleets being some\\nleagues to windward. When the Bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ntish fleet was abreast of Europa, Lord\\nHowe dispatched the Tisiphone fire\u00c2\u00ac\\nship, with a further supply of powder\\ncollected from the fleet. The Bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ntish fleet afterwards put before the\\nwind, and stood, under an easy sail, in\\nclose order to the westward. The van\\nof the combined fleet, composed of\\nFrench ships, followed with a press of\\ncanvass at some distance. By two\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock p.m. Lord Howe s fleet was out\\nof sight; but the Spanish ships sailing\\nheavily, it was night before they dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nappeared. Though fully convinced of\\nthe prudence of his lordship\u00e2\u0080\u0099s conduct,\\nit was no very pleasing prospect for a\\nBritish garrison to behold a British\\nfleet, though inferior in force, lead the\\nenemy. At night, the wind changed\\nto the south-west; and the succeeding\\nday, a brisk cannonade was heard from\\nthat quarter. This, however, could not\\nproceed from the action which after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards took place between the fleets, as\\nthe firing was heard early in the morn\u00c2\u00ac\\ning. Some time on the 19th, a guard\\nof 2 subalterns and 96 men was ordered\\nfrom the 25th and 59th regiments on\\nboard the St. Michael, where they re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmained till she was completely repaired.\\nSeveral large ships were observed,\\non the 20th, to be anchored at some\\ndistance from Algeziras; and, as six\\nor seven were conjectured to be fire\u00c2\u00ac\\nships, precautions were accordingly\\ntaken, and the batteries from South\\nbastion to Europa ordered, in case of\\nalarm, to be doubly manned. The\\nenemy, the same day, got off the man-\\nof-war which ran ashore near their\\ngrand magazine. In the evening some\\nmovements were observed in the French\\ncamp; and on the succeeding day most\\nof the tents were struck. In the after\u00c2\u00ac\\nnoon, the resident Spanish priest was\\nconfined to his house, for holding con\u00c2\u00ac\\nversation with some of the prisoners on\\nWindmill-hill. The enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannon\u00c2\u00ac\\nade was still continued, upon an average\\nof about 500 or 600 rounds in the 24\\nhours. They lined some part of the\\nnew boyau with fascines, and raised a\\nfew traverses in the rear, notwithstand\u00c2\u00ac\\ning our brisk fire: they were, however,\\nprevented from making any additions\\nof consequence. On the 22nd, a pola-\\ncre arrived from Algiers, with intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence from the British consul, that\\nLord Howe had sailed for the relief of\\nGibraltar. Happily his lordship had\\neffected that business, and, probably, be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore they at Algiers were informed of\\nthe British fleet having left England.\\nThe extreme distress which the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison had experienced in the close of\\nthe years 1779 and 1780, and the great\\nprofits which from the exigencies of\\nthose periods had arisen to the adven\u00c2\u00ac\\nturers who ran the hazard of a voyage\\nwith provisions for our relief, were by\\nthis time pretty generally known at\\nhome. The favourable opportunity of\\na safe convoy under the British fleet,\\nprompted, therefore, many masters of\\ntransports, some of whom had been in\\nthe garrison before, during the war, to\\nlay in a stock of various articles, with\\nthe prospect that the distresses of their\\nfriends might afford these truly hu\u00c2\u00ac\\nmane and generous patriots an occasion\\nto sell them, on their arrival, at their\\nown price. Although these supplies\\nwere most highly acceptable, yet the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n153\\ngarrison was not at this time in such\\nabsolute need of their assistance, as to\\npurchase them at those enormous prices\\nwhich before had been given with plea\u00c2\u00ac\\nsure nor in justice did we think, from\\nthe little risk the adventurers ran, that\\nthey deserved such immense profits.\\nA committee of officers from every\\ncorps assembled on the 23rd, to con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsider what measures to pursue in order\\nto prevent such impositions in future;\\nand, as every article brought to the\\ngarrison was sold at public auction, it\\nwas unanimously agreed, that a cer\u00c2\u00ac\\ntain price should be fixed upon each\\narticle, allowing such profit as might\\nreasonably be thought adequate to the\\nhazard; and, when the estimate was\\npublished, every officer, I believe,\\npledged his honour not to exceed the\\nterms therein specified. (See App.)\\nThe prudent and manly regulation of\\nthe committee was strictly attended to\\nfor about a fortnight, but it had not\\nthat immediate effect we expected;\\nmany of our generous countrymen, ra\u00c2\u00ac\\nther than dispose of their ventures for\\na profit Of 150, and in some instances\\n300 per cent., very liberally determined\\nnot to land them, but to sell them for a\\ntrifling advantage at Lisbon, or else\u00c2\u00ac\\nwhere, in their way home. We should\\nnevertheless have soon got the better\\nof their obstinacy had we continued\\ndetermined and consistent ourselves;\\nbut some individuals who preferred\\nself-gratification to the public good,\\nbeginning to evade the agreement, the\\nwhole was cancelled and the demands\\nof the adventurers became afterwards\\nas exorbitant, if not more so than be\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore. So little dependence is there\\nupon the adherence of a multitude to\\nany sumptuary regulations, however\\nessential to their real interest.\\nThe mortar-boats, on the night of\\nthe 23rd, paid us a visit, and did con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable damage. Their shells were\\nchiefly directed towards the New\\nmole. The Hector cutter, in govern\u00c2\u00ac\\nment service, was sunk by a shell, and\\neverything on board lost. Several other\\nvessels narrowly escaped the same fate.\\nWe fired upon them from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and\\nthe Old mole; but their gun-boats\\nwere silent. The 24th, we observed\\nthat the enemy had struck the tents of\\nfour or five battalions, and two regi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments were seen this day marching\\nalong the beach. The day following\\nsome baggage was observed removing\\nfrom the Duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s quarters; which gave\\nus great hopes that his Grace was pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nparing to leave the camp, and that mat\u00c2\u00ac\\nters were verging towards a conclusion.\\nIn the evening a deserter came in, a\\nnative Catalonian. He informed us\\nthere had been an engagement between\\nthe British and combined fleets, but\\ncould give us no particulars. He fur\u00c2\u00ac\\nther told us that their camp was break\u00c2\u00ac\\ning up: 16 battalions had already\\nmarched away, and others were prepar\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to decamp: that they had ceased\\nto work in their approaches; and that\\ntheir night-guards consisted of 4000\\nmen, under the command of two bri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngadier-generals concluding with ac\u00c2\u00ac\\nquainting us, that the winter camp\\nbefore the garrison was to consist of\\n20,000 men that additional gun-boats\\nwere building to constantly harass\\nus; and that a corporal and 12 men\\nwere stationed in the gardens to pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nvent desertion. The 26th, the tents oc\u00c2\u00ac\\ncupied by the Duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s corps encamped\\nbefore Buena Vista were struck; which\\nserved to increase our hopes, that the\\nprospect was not far distant of an end\\nto our fatigues. Don Juan Moreno left\\nthe garrison the same day, with a flag\\nof truce. Our boat could not learn any\\nfurther account of the engagement; but\\nthe officers were informed, that a gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nral peace was expected, as the inde\u00c2\u00ac\\npendence of America had been acknow\u00c2\u00ac\\nledged by Great Britain.\\nMore battalions left the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncamp on the 27th: their cannonade\\nnevertheless was continued, and seve\u00c2\u00ac\\nral shot ranged as far as the entrance\\nof Windmill-hill; a distance of about\\n5000 yards. Their camp was still de\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreasing on the 28th and 29th; and\\nwe judged from our observations, that\\nabout 23 battalions, with a brigade of\\nartillery, had marched into the coun\u00c2\u00ac\\ntry. The last deserters said many had\\ntaken their route to Cadiz. The 30th,\\nwe observed the enemy had stationed a\\nguard under the rock near the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ntower. They were taken some notice", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "154\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VIII.\\nof by our artillery, who endeavoured to\\nannoy them with small projectiles from\\nthe summit of the northern front. The\\nTisiphone, Captain Sandys, with five\\nor six ordnance-ships (having 160 Jews\\non board), sailed for England early in\\nthe morning of the 31st. The same day,\\na soldier of the 97th regiment was killed\\nat Rosia, by a long-range shot from\\nthe isthmus. This shot must have\\nranged more than two miles and a\\nhalf.\\nThree deserters came in on the 2nd\\nand 4th of November, but could give\\nno satisfactory information relative to\\nthe action between the fleets. They\\nsaid the French troops had quitted the\\ncamp with the Royal volunteers. The\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s camp continued to break up\\non the 7th and 8th; though some of\\nthe regiments, it was imagined, took\\npossession of the large building east\u00c2\u00ac\\nward of Point Mala, which had been\\nbuilt for a hospital. On the 7th, two\\nmen-of-war and a sloop (supposed to be\\nFrench, from the West Indies) passed\\nto the eastward. The Spanish gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats seemed to suspect they were ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmies, and intended to come in; as they\\nwere in motion, and appeared to be\\npreparing for an attack. The 8th, 23\\ngun-boats paraded at a short distance\\nfrom the garrison, extending in a line\\na-head to the southward. We expected\\nan attack upon the St. Michael; but,\\nan easterly wind springing up, they re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned. They had. scarcely got back,\\nwhen a signal was made at Cabrita\\nPoint, and they again put about. Our\\nattention was engaged by this manoeu\u00c2\u00ac\\nvre and, upon investigating the cause,\\nwe discovered a sloop standing toward\\nthe garrison from the eastward. If\\nthis vessel had continued the course she\\nthen steered, she might undoubtedly\\nhave reached the rock: whether, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, it was owing to the westerly cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrent off Europa, or the ignorance of\\nthe crew, we could not determine; in\\nthe course of an hour she drove so\\nconsiderably to leeward as to be out\\nof the protection of our guns, and, after\\nreceiving several discharges of round\\nand grape from the gun-boats, was\\nboarded by the enemy. Sir Charles\\nKnowles, Bart, (who since Captain Cur\u00c2\u00ac\\ntis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s departure commanded in the bay),\\nordered several barges out to her as\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance, but to no purpose. A boat,\\nwith five of her crew, escaped to the\\ngarrison, and informed us she was\\nladen with sugar and tea from Fal\u00c2\u00ac\\nmouth. Soon afterwards a Danish\\ndogger was brought to an anchor in\\nthe bay, by a gun from Europa: she\\nwas laden with rice and pilchards from\\nEngland. A flag of truce on the 9th\\nwent with a letter to the Duke; and, in\\nthe evening, another brought over En\u00c2\u00ac\\nsign Lewis, of the 58th regiment, with\\na quarter-master and a volunteer of the\\n25th, who had been taken in the Mi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnerva brig, with the baggage, c., of\\nthe 25th and 59th regiments. This\\nflag also brought over other prisoners.\\nBy these gentlemen, we learned that\\nan engagement had taken place between\\nLord Howe and Admiral Cordova, and\\nthat the latter was returned into port\\nwith his fleet much shattered.\\nAfter the departure of the fleets,\\nlittle attention was paid by the enemy\\nto the blockade. Not one cruiser was\\nnow to be seen in the Straits or to the\\neastward, and few vessels of force were\\nstationed at Cabrita Point. The idea\\nof gaining Gibraltar, either by force or\\nstratagem, seemed at length to be to\u00c2\u00ac\\ntally relinquished. Their cannonade\\nfrom the land nevertheless was conti\u00c2\u00ac\\nnued but, as it gradually diminished,\\nand scarce exceeded at this time 250\\nrounds in the 24 hours, we imagined\\nit would in a short time totally cease.\\nThe St Philip\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Castle, and several\\nordnance-ships, had left the bay the\\nevening of the 8th; and, on the 10th\\nand 12th, two light vessels came to Al-\\ngeziras, which, from their appearance,\\nwere thought to be of the latter.. On\\nthe 12 th, a flag of truce went with a\\nletter to the Duke. Whilst it was out\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s gun-boats commenced a\\nsmart cannonade upon the St. Michael\\n(which was now refitted), whilst their\\nmortar-boats bombarded our camp.\\nWe returned their fire, and two of the\\nmortar-boats retired very early, the\\nothers following them in about an hour.\\nThree or four shot were fired through\\nthe St. Michael, but no other damage\\nwas received. Our flag returned just", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n155\\nas the cannonade ceased. As it ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npeared probable that the enemy might\\nrenew their attacks upon the prize, Co\u00c2\u00ac\\nlonel Williams, who commanded the\\nartillery, ordered more mortars to be\\ndistributed along the sea-line, from the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion to the New mole fort.\\nThe 15th, a regiment quitted their\\ncamp; and at night their workmen\\nraised about 20 traverses in the rear of\\ntheir advanced boyau, extending from\\nthe parallel about half the length of the\\nwork. Our fire at this period was va\u00c2\u00ac\\nriable. The day following, between\\n20 and 30 transports, with troops on\\nboard, sailed under convoy of two fri\u00c2\u00ac\\ngates for the westward. Their artillery\\nalso about this time removed most of\\nthe ordnance from their park to the\\nlanding place, where we numbered\\n80 cannon and 5 mortars, with a\\ngreat quantity of shot and shells ready\\nfor embarkation. The 17th, a xebeque\\nand several armed vessels and gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats anchored at Cabrita Point, as if\\nthey had determined to renew the block\u00c2\u00ac\\nade. Three days after, all the Spanish\\nprisoners taken in the St. Michael (ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ncepting a few who chose to remain be\u00c2\u00ac\\nhind) were sent to the camp. The\\nSpanish officers, on this occasion, in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed us that there had been an en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngagement between the British and\\ncombined fleets, which had ended to\\nthe advantage of the former. In the\\nevening of the 20th, a party of about\\n100 men were seen to go from the east\u00c2\u00ac\\nern part of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parallel to the\\nback of the rock. We could not at\\nthat time account for the marching of\\nthese troops. The small craft conti\u00c2\u00ac\\nnued at Cabrita Point; the men-of-war\\nand larger vessels being at anchor off\\nthe Orange-grove. Four sail of the line\\nand three frigates, beside xebeques, c.,\\nwere now in the bay. The enemy, on\\nthe 21st and 22nd, embarked a vast\\nquantity of powder from their grand\\nmagazine on board the men-of-war.\\nMost of the spare ordnance had already\\nbeen shipped on board, and others were\\nremoving daily toward the beach.\\nTwo boats arrived on the 23rd from\\nPortugal: they brought certain intelli\u00c2\u00ac\\ngence of the preceding action between\\nthe fleets. The particulars of this in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntelligence were, that a partial action\\nhad taken place between the British of\\n34 ships, and the combined fleets of 46\\nships of the line; that, though the lat\u00c2\u00ac\\nter had the weather-gage, they stu\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiously avoided a close engagement;\\nand, after a cannonade of several hours,\\nhauled their wind and directed their\\ncourse to Cadiz. The same day Lieu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntenant John M Kenzie, of the 73rd, was\\ndangerously wounded at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. The\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire now scarcely exceeded 150\\nrounds. Two more boats got in from\\nFaro the night of the 26th. Our suc\u00c2\u00ac\\ncess in obtaining these welcome sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nplies rendered the enemy more vigilant\\nand active to intercept them. Every\\nboat, even friends, which approached\\nthe rock, raised their suspicion.\\nThough every appearance in their\\ncamp indicated that they had given up\\nall hopes of subduing the garrison by\\nforce, their parties on the isthmus con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued to be very busy, and some even\u00c2\u00ac\\nings they made additions of traverses\\nto their works. Heavy timber was also\\nbrought forward to the parallel, but\\nfor what purpose we could not then\\nimagine. Their advanced parties had\\nlikewise the audacity frequently to ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproach half-way upon the causeway\\nfrom Bay-side; but, the artillery hav\u00c2\u00ac\\ning orders to scour the gardens, and\\nthe neighbourhood of Bay-side, with\\ngrape from the Old mole, their curi\u00c2\u00ac\\nosity in a short time was pretty well\\ncooled. Toward the close of this month,\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire became more faint and\\nill directed, whilst ours was more ani\u00c2\u00ac\\nmated and effectual. Our engineers\\ncontinued to be constantly engaged.\\nThe rebuilding of the whole flank of\\nthe Prince of Orange\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, 120\\nfeet in length, with solid masonry\\n(which was now nearly finished), in\\nthe face of such powerful artillery, can\\nscarcely be paralleled in any siege.\\nIn the beginning of December, the\\nAchilles ordnance ship, with two or\\nthree boats, arrived from England and\\nPortugal. The 6th, a Venetian ship\\nwas driven by the current under the\\nguns of Europa. We fired to bring\\nher to, and the master instantly came\\nashore and informed us she was bound\\nto London; but, before he could re-", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "156\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. Till.\\nturn, his vessel was boarded by three\\ngun-boats, which towed her to Alge-\\nziras. The master then came into the\\ngarrison, and at night was permitted to\\nfollow his vessel. The following even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning a German deserted to us from the\\nWalon guards. He informed us that\\nthe enemy stationed every evening a\\nguard of 300 men near the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ntower, where they had miners at work\\nin a cave, hoping to form a mine to\\nblow up the north part of the rock. We\\npaid no kind of attention at first to this\\nintelligence, so ridiculous and even\\nchimerical the scheme appeared. Re\u00c2\u00ac\\ncollecting, however, that a party had\\nbeen observed to march that way some\\nevenings before, and remarking, upon\\na closer inspection, that every evening\\na numerous body of men approached\\nalong the eastern shore toward that\\nquarter, we began to give some credit\\nto this singular information.* The\\nabove deserter also informed us that\\nthe enemy had removed some ordnance\\nfrom the parallel, but that their guards\\nand advanced parties were still very\\nstrong.\\nBy this period, our. engineers had\\npenetrated a considerable distance in\\nthe gallery above Farringdon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery,\\nand had opened 5 embrasures to the\\nfront of the rock; and, to have a more\\nsecure communication to this singular\\nwork, a covered way was sunk, by\\nblasting the rock from the above-men\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned battery to the entrance of the\\ngallery. The success with which this\\nwork had been prosecuted, and the\\nconsiderable advantages which pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nmised to result from it when finished,\\ninduced the governor to order that a\\nsimilar battery, but only for 2 guns,\\nshould be made in the rock near\\nCrouchett s battery, above the Prince\\nof Hesse\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion; and the workmen\\nhad now made some advances therein.\\nOn the 12th, a guard-boat of the St.\\nMichael, with 2 officers and 7 sailors,\\nwent over to the enemy. We after\u00c2\u00ac\\nIn 1727, the besiegers formed the design\\nof blowing up Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s batteries by a mine;\\nbut it is imagined they found it impracticable,\\nas they never attempted to spring the mine,\\nthough the Journal of that Siege mentions it\\nwas loaded.\\nwards learned from the officers, who\\nreturned in a flag of truce, that the\\nsailors rose upon them, saying they\\nwere resolved to go over to the enemy:\\nthat Lieut. Small, who commanded the\\nboat, drew his hanger, and attempted a\\nstroke at the man who was spokesman\\nupon the occasion; but that he was\\nknocked down by the coxswain with\\nthe tiller of the rudder: that, whilst\\nhe was thus senseless, they had it in\\ndebate to throw him overboard; but,\\nby the intercession of the young mid\u00c2\u00ac\\nshipman, he was preserved, and, when\\ntaken ashore, was some time before he\\nrecovered.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parties under the rock,\\nnear the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tower, began now to\\nengage our curiosity. Every part of\\nthe north front was explored, to en\u00c2\u00ac\\ndeavour, if possible, to discover what\\nthey were about. At length, on the\\n15th, a place was found above Green\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nlodge, whence we could distinguish a\\npart of their work. The communica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion with this post, being along a level\\nbeach, was greatly exposed to our fire.\\nWhen their parties were discovered\\nadvancing from the east flank of the\\n64-gun battery, our artillery at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nand on the heights prepared to salute\\nthem. They were permitted to ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nproach unmolested within 200 or 300\\nyards, when a general volley was dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharged of cohorn-shells, with grape,\\nseconded by the mortars on the Levant\\nbattery, loaded with hand-shells, or\\ngrenades, quilted together. A chance\\nor mine, was sometimes sprung upon\\nthem from the top, when they had\\nnearly got under the rock; the stones\\nfrom which added not a little to their\\nconfusion and loss. Notwithstanding\\nthat they were in this manner obliged\\nevery evening to pass the gantelope of\\nour fire, they continued to bring ma\u00c2\u00ac\\nterials, and maintained their post with\\nsurprising obstinacy. Some of the\\nguard were seen frequently, in the day,\\nto advance from their cover: a party\\nof Corsicans, who hitherto had done no\\nother duty than guard the prisoners on\\nWindmill-hill, were ordered therefore\\nto the post above Green\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lodge, to fire\\nwall-pieces upon those that appeared\\nfrom below.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "1782.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n157\\nA flag of truce went from the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison on the 17th. The Spanish aide-\\nde-camp informed us that preliminaries\\nof a general peace were expected to be\\nsigned in the course of the month. The\\nsucceeding day another flag went from\\nthe governor with letters to the Duke:\\nit had scarcely returned, when 29 gun\\nand mortar boats commenced a spirited\\nattack upon the St. Michael, and other\\nships, at anchor off Buena Vista.\\nSince these boats had made a custom\\nof firing upon the garrison, we never\\nremarked them to be arranged with\\nmore judgment, or to behave with\\ngreater gallantry, than they did on this\\noccasion. The mortar-boats composed\\nthe centre division, and a division of\\ngun-boats was arranged on each flank;\\ntheir line of battle extending about 2\\nmiles. They got their distance the\\nfirst round, and retained it with such\\nprecision, that almost every shell fell\\nwithin 50 yards of the St. Michael,\\nwhich was the chief object of their\\nattack. The 74th shell fell on board,\\nabout mid-ship; pierced the first, and\\nbroke on the lower deck; killed 4, and\\nwounded 11 sailors, 3 of them mor\u00c2\u00ac\\ntally. After this accident, Sir Charles\\nKnowles, being apprehensive of the\\nmost fatal consequences if a shell\\nshould fall into the magazine, removed\\nthe powder, through the opposite port\u00c2\u00ac\\nholes, into a launch, which was imme\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiately towed under the rock 80 bar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrels, which could not be removed,\\nwere thrown into the sea. The enemy\\nstill maintained a warm fire, but, it is\\nimagined, did not observe that any had\\nfallen on board the ship. Several\\nshells carried away ornaments and\\nparts of her rigging: fortunately how\u00c2\u00ac\\never she received no further injury.\\nNot one shell came ashore from the\\nboats. Captain Gibson, at the com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmencement of the action, rowed out\\nw r ith 8 gun-boats from the New mole,\\nand very warmly attacked their north\u00c2\u00ac\\nern division. On his appearing in\\nmotion, 3 parapet boats advanced from\\nthe Orange-grove to take our boats in\\nflank. One of this number was how\u00c2\u00ac\\never soon disabled by the garrison, and\\nthe other two joined the main body.\\nWhen the enemy had expended their\\nammunition, the mortar-boats retired,\\nand the gun-boats covered their retreat\\nin a most beautiful manner. They\\nstood towards the Orange-grove, and\\nembarked some of their crews on board\\nthe men-of-war. Three of the line-of-\\nbattle ships, two frigates, and a xebeque,\\nwith several b6mb-ketches, and other\\nvessels, which were all laden with mi\u00c2\u00ac\\nlitary stores, sailed to the westward.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s land batteries, as is men\u00c2\u00ac\\ntioned before, were gradually diminish\u00c2\u00ac\\ning in their fire; but, upon this occa\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion, they supported the boats from\\nthe bay with a very animated addi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntional cannonade.\\nThe remainder of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ships,\\nladen with military stores, sailed on the\\nnight of the 19th from the Orange-\\ngrove to the westward. The wind\\ncontinued easterly; and, on the suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding night, or rather the morning\\nof the 21st, blew so strong a gale, that\\nthe St. Michael was driven from her\\nanchors more than half-bay over:\\nevery exertion was made to recover\\nher station, but all proved ineffectual;\\nwhen fortunately an eddy-wind brought\\nher about, and Sir Charles Knowles\\nwas happy to run her aground within\\nthe New mole on a sand-bank south of\\nthe tank. The gale was so powerful\\non Windmill-hill, that the tents of the\\n59th regiment were tom from the\\npickets, and carried a considerable dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntance from the camp-ground. To ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nviate the like disagreeable circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstances in future, that regiment was\\nremoved to encamp in Southport ditch,\\nopposite Sydow\u00e2\u0080\u0099s (formerly Harden-\\nberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s) regiment. This arrangement\\nobliged the town-parade to be changed;\\nand the guards afterwards assembled\\non the Red sands, which continues at\\nthis time to be the general parade. In\\nthe course of the day, the St. Michael\\nwas warped into deep water, and\\nmoored in the New mole. At night a\\ndeserter came in: he informed us that\\nthe enemy had 20 miners at work near\\nthe Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tower, protected by a\\nstrong guard; that we annoyed their\\ncommunication with that post very\\nmuch, and every evening killed and\\nwounded many men. In consequence\\nof this intelligence, cur fire toward", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. viii.\\n158\\nthat quarter was increased. A flag of\\ntruce, on the 20th, had informed us\\nthat the women belonging to the 25th\\nand 59th regiments were at the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncamp, waiting more moderate weather,\\nto be sent by water into the garrison.\\nThe 22nd, they were received; but,\\nupon their landing, they were con\u00c2\u00ac\\nducted to the Naval hospital, where\\nsome few of them were detained by\\nthe faculty as exceptionable. Lieut.\\nSmall, of the navy, came over on the\\n23rd, in a flag of truce. He told us\\nthe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s small craft had materially\\nsuffered from the storm which had so\\ngreatly endangered the St. Michael.\\nThe Due de Crillon, the day follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, visited the parallel, and was pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsent in the western boyau, whilst an\\nengineer picketed out a work at the\\nextremity of it, near the beach. At\\nintervals, we could now distinctly hear\\nthe explosion of the mines in the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cave or gallery at the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ntower. Few men were however to be\\nseen in that neighbourhood; though at\\nnight they continued the reliefs, and\\nbrought materials as usual.\\nIn the afternoon of the 25th, being\\nChristmas-day, we observed the gun\\nand mortar boats in motion, and, about\\nfour o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, 18 of the former and 11 of\\nthe latter advanced from Algeziras, ap\u00c2\u00ac\\nparently with an intention of renewing\\ntheir attack upon the unfortunate St.\\nMichael; but, 11 of our gun-boats, un\u00c2\u00ac\\nder the personal orders of Sir Charles\\nKnowles, opposing them, the centre di\u00c2\u00ac\\nvision of mortar-boats, and the south\u00c2\u00ac\\nward division, stood toward Europa, and\\nbegan a warm bombardment upon our\\ncamp; throwing their shells indiscrimi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnately from Windmill-hill to South\\nshed. Our gun-boats in this action be\u00c2\u00ac\\nhaved with great gallantry, directing\\ntheir opposition entirely against the\\nmortar-boats; the fire of which they in\\na great measure diverted from the ship\u00c2\u00ac\\nping. A blind shell nevertheless fell\\ninto the ward-room of the St. Michael;\\nand another shell carried away the\\nmizen-mast of the Porcupine frigate,\\nand burst in the state cabin. Seven or\\neight shells fell within the hospital-wall:\\none exploded in a ward, and killed and\\nwounded several of the sick. Several\\nhouses and sheds were also destroyed,\\nand others considerably injured. In\\nshort, it was thought to be the warmest\\nattack we had ever experienced from\\nthe gun-boats; and our men, being\\nmostly in spirits after their Christmas\\ndinner, were consequently less upon\\ntheir guard. One was killed, and seven\\nwere wounded, in the camp. As our\\nartillery had time to prepare, the ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade was returned with\\ngreat vivacity; but the mortar-boats\\nand southward division had taken so\\njudicious a station, that few ordnance\\ncould be brought to bear upon them.\\nWe had nevertheless some reason to\\nconclude their loss was superior to our\\nown. Their land batteries (with the\\naddition of Fort St. Philip and the\\nBlack battery, which had been silent\\nsome time) upon this occasion, as upon\\nthe last, increased their fire upon the\\ntown. We therefore had the enemy\\nupon our whole front, from Europa\\nPoint to Landport. At a quarter past\\nsix o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock the mortar-boats retired,\\nand were covered in their retreat by\\nthe gun-boats, as before.* This dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nhonourable and cruel mode of prose\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuting the war, we had reason to think,\\nwould be continued till a peace should\\nput an end to all hostilities. The ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmy had been very industrious in im\u00c2\u00ac\\npressing this pleasing information on\\nthe memories of the women who had\\nbeen lately detained by the weather in\\ntheir camp. They were told, for their\\ncomfort, that, as the besieging army\\nhad been reluctantly compelled to re\\nlinquish the idea of recovering Gibral\u00c2\u00ac\\ntar, they were determined to harass\\nand alarm the garrison by successive\\nattacks from the gun and mortar boats.\\nIt was during this attack that the mate\u00c2\u00ac\\nrials from which this work is compiled were\\nin the most imminent danger of being entirely\\ndestroyed.\u00e2\u0080\u0094A 13-inch shell from the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nmortar boats, falling above the camp guard,\\nrolled along the road leading from Buena\\nVista and entered the author\u00e2\u0080\u0099s marquee,\\nbrushing the pillow of his bed, and lodging\\nclosely under the corner of the bedstead\\nthough lighted when it entered, and though\\nits force must have been greatly spent in the\\nricochets before it entered, the fuse luckily\\nbroke as it lodged within, and the marquee,\\nwith its contents, by that fortunate circum\u00c2\u00ac\\nstance was preserved.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "1783.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n159\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2which, for the purpose of having regu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlar reliefs, were to be increased in num\u00c2\u00ac\\nber thus, by being exposed to a re\u00c2\u00ac\\nvengeful enemy, the prospect before\\nus promised to be more irksome and\\nvexatious than the more interesting\\nperiod which had passed.\\nAlthough the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s fire from the\\nisthmus was almost discontinued, the\\ngovernor, towards the conclusion of\\nDecember, made up for their deficiency\\nby a more animated discharge than\\nusual: every night the whole north\\nfront appeared a continued line of fire.\\nThe Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tower chiefly engaged his\\nattention: their guard at this post was\\ngenerally relieved about seven or eight\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock in the evening, if not prevented\\nby our fire. The work of sand-bags,\\nwhich we could see from one spot, was\\ntotally destroyed; and the sloping tim\u00c2\u00ac\\nbers which they had placed against the\\nrock to protect them from the over\u00c2\u00ac\\nhead fire, were much shattered by the\\nweighty fragments of rock which were\\nhurled upon them from above. The\\nnight of the 27th, the enemy opened\\nthree embrasures in the epaulment at\\nthe east end of the 64-gun battery. The\\nembrasures were then masked, and, the\\nsucceeding evening, were faced with\\nfascines. The night of the 29th, they\\nraised a work of sand-bags, of about\\n100 feet in extent, at the western ex\u00c2\u00ac\\ntremity of the new boyau. It was\\npicketed out when the Duke was pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nsent, and extended to the rear at right\\nangles with the epaulment. The 30th,\\n19 gun and mortar boats came out of\\nthe river Palmones, where they gene\u00c2\u00ac\\nrally retired to repair, after firing upon\\nthe garrison. The evening of the suc\u00c2\u00ac\\nceeding day being very calm, and some\\nmovements being observed amongst\\nthem, we expected they would com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmence the new year with another visit:\\nbut we were happily disappointed.\\nSince we were sufficiently persuaded of\\nthe conduct which the enemy had de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermined to pursue for the remainder\\nof the war, the governor again adopted\\nthe idea of retaliation: the gun mounted\\non Colonel Williamson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s elevated car\u00c2\u00ac\\nriage was removed to the Old mole\\nhead, and other preparations were made\\nto annoy their camp, when the boats\\nshould renew their attack. In the\\ncourse of December several vessels and\\nboats arrived with stores and supplies.\\nOthers likewise left the bay, and flags\\nof truce frequently passed between the\\ngovernor and the Duke. Their purport\\nwas not, however publicly known.\\nThe last day of December, a party\\nof the navy fished up one of the guns\\nfrom the wreck of the battering-ships\\nand the following day, the 1st of Ja\u00c2\u00ac\\nnuary, 1783, the gun, which was of iron\\nand a 26-pounder, was drawn in pro\u00c2\u00ac\\ncession by the British tars, with a Spa\u00c2\u00ac\\nnish ensign, which had been taken\\nfrom on board one of the ships, dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nplayed over it, and attended by a band\\nof music, playing \u00e2\u0080\u009cGod save the\\nKing.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nOur observations made upon the\\nenemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s proceedings at the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ntower were as yet very unsatisfactory,\\nthough, by the enterprising activity of\\na serjeant in the artificers, we knew\\nthat they were in reality at work in a\\ncave: for he had descended, by means\\nof ropes and ladders, so low down the\\nface of the rock as to see the mouth of\\nthe cave, and hear the people converse.\\nEarly, therefore, on the morning of\\nthe 4th, three of the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s staff\\nwent in a barge, protected by two gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats, to reconnoitre this post. Their\\ncuriosity prompted them to approach\\nnearer than was perhaps prudent, as\\nthe gu^rd fired musketry upon them,\\nand a gun- or two were discharged from\\nFort Barbara. Soon after they returned,\\nthe new 3-gun battery, at the east end\\nof the 64-gun battery, was unmasked,\\nthough the guns were under metal. In\\nthe afternoon of the same day, the gun\\nand mortar boats advanced in two divi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions from Algeziras, and, when half\u00c2\u00ac\\nbay over, were joined by a third divi\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion of five from Cabrita Point, consist\u00c2\u00ac\\ning in all of thirty-three. The centre\\ndivision of sixteen, principally mortar-\\nMany more of these guns were afterwards\\nrecovered from the wrecks; and most of them,\\nbeing of brass, were sold; the produce of the\\nsales, and other moneys arising from the head-\\nmoney granted by Parliament for the batter\u00c2\u00ac\\ning-ships, and the sale of the St, Michael prize,\\nwere proportioned in shares to the garrison\\nand marine brigade.\u00e2\u0080\u0094See Appendix.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "160\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. vixt.\\nboats, was warmly attacked by Sir\\nCharles Knowles, with eleven of ours,\\nwhilst the northern division was as\\nbriskly annoyed from the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. This division of twelve gun-boats\\nhad the boldness tc approach within\\nthe range of grape, and suffered very\\nconsiderably. One was Undoubtedly\\nsunk by a howitzer shell, and others\\nwere greatly damaged. Two of the\\nmortar-boats were also driven from\\nthe line, and several others were ob\u00c2\u00ac\\nserved to be in confusion. The land-\\nbatteries, which had been silent since\\nthe Duke had visited the lines on the\\n2nd of January, seconded the attack by\\nsea with a very animated fire. The bay\\nbeing calm, and little wind blowing to\\ncarry off the smoke, the appearance of\\nthis attack altogether, from the extent\\nof the front engaged, was tremendous.\\nLieutenant Holloway, of the engineers,\\naide-de-camp to General Green, was\\nwounded by a splinter of a shell, which\\nfell opposite to General de la Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nquarters at the southward, where the\\nstaff at the southward usually assem\u00c2\u00ac\\nbled upon these occasions. Two men\\nwere killed, and one wounded, in the\\ngarrison; but the seamen had no ca\u00c2\u00ac\\nsualties. The St. Michael also on this\\noccasion escaped; and it was remarked\\nnot one shell fell near the hospital.\\nWhen the boats had expended 83 shot\\nand 206 shells, they retired: from the\\nisthmus 578 shot and 102 shells were\\ndischarged in this short period.\\nWhen our artillery had put the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\nteries in order, a party was detached,\\nabout eight in the evening, to the Old\\nm e; and upward of 100 rounds of\\nred-hot shot, with large and small\\nshells, were thrown into the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\ncamp: all appeared to answer, except\\nthe heavy shells, the fuses of which\\nwere in general too short for the range.\\nThe following morning, several pieces\\nof a gun-boat, an oar, with some bread,\\ngarlic, c., were seen floating in the bay,\\nand gathered by our boats. This served\\nto strengthen our conjecture of the pre\u00c2\u00ac\\nceding evening, that one of their gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats had been sunk in the action. In\\nthe evening, about nine o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, our\\nnorthern guards were surprised with a\\nsudden discharge of musketry on the\\ncauseway, and in the neighbourhood of\\nBay-side: it was immediately returned\\nfrom Landport and the lines, with a\\nfew rounds of grape from Covert-port\\nbattery; after which there was a dead\\nsilence. The next morning a bloody\\nhat, with several shot-holes through it,\\nwas taken up near Bay-side. We could\\nnot otherwise account for this firing\\nthan by supposing that some of the\\nenemy, attempting to desert, had been\\nobserved and pursued. One or two of\\nour own men in the Fleche were\\nwounded by the scattered grape-shot\\nfrom the Covert-port battery.\\nThe evening of the 9th, the enemy\\nparaded with only 23 boats, seemingly\\nwith an intention of renewing their at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntack upon the shipping and garrison;\\nbut Sir Charles appearing with his\\nsmall force, his opponents thought\\nproper to retire. We were however\\nalarmed, early the next morning, by\\ntheir firing upon the garrison: they\\napproached very cautiously, and di\u00c2\u00ac\\nrected their fire towards the New mole.\\nSir Charles Knowles had his boats soon\\nmanned; but had not been long out\\nbefore one of them was unfortunately\\nsunk by a splinter from one of our own\\nshells which burst in the air. The\\ncrew were instantly taken up by their\\nfriends, and the boat towed in. The\\nland batteries opened as before, and\\ncontinued firing until the \u00e2\u0080\u0098boats re\u00c2\u00ac\\ntreated. Our shipping received no\\ndamage, nor were any seamen hurt;\\nbut in the garrison we had 1 killed\\nand 15 or 16 wounded, beside a Jew,\\nan inhabitant. One of their shells fell\\ninto the north pavilion of the South\\nbarracks, and burst upon the second\\nfloor: the officers were luckily out;\\nfor the rooms, above and below, were\\ntotally destroyed. When the smoke\\nhad sufficiently dispersed, we numbered\\n38 boats, but (as their sterns were to\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards us) could not distinguish how\\nmany carried mortars. The governor\\nsaluted their camp in the evening from\\nthe Old mole. A boat arrived on the\\n11th from Faro, with dispatches to the\\ngovernor. The Brilliant frigate was\\nordered soon afterwards to be pre\u00c2\u00ac\\npared for sea.\\nThe enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cannonade from the", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "1783.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n161\\nland, except when the gun-boats fired,\\nwas at this time so trifling that it\\nscarcely deserved the name of a con\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinuation. Our engineers were there\u00c2\u00ac\\nfore employed in repairing the curtain\\nof the Grand battery, the north face\\nand flank of Montague\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, with\\nthe adjoining curtain and, though the\\nmen were much exposed in this duty,\\nthe enemy seldom if ever molested\\nthem. Their parties continued bring\u00c2\u00ac\\ning various materials from the parallel\\nto the post at the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tower. We\\nnever allowed them to pass, or even\\nappear, without a tremendous volley\\nof shells and grape, and fragments of\\nstones discharged from the summit of\\nthe rock. But our artillery were not\\nsolely engaged with the enemy in this\\nquarter; every annoyance that could\\nbe devised was directed against them\\nin all quarters. The ordnance, since\\nthe arrival of the last dispatches from\\nFaro, were kept in as quick action as\\nthe metal would permit. A party of\\nCorsicans were also stationed in the\\nlines to punish their patroles, who fre\u00c2\u00ac\\nquently had the audacity to approach\\nwithin a few yards of the extremity.\\nThe evenings of the 18th and 19th, the\\nenemy played off a number of rockets\\nand other fireworks at Algeziras, ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncompanied with several discharges of\\ncannon. They likewise saluted us\\nfrom the lines with a volley of shells,\\nand 21 rounds of shot. We could not\\ndivine the cause of these rejoicings.\\nOn the 25th some sparks of fire com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmunicating to aft ammunition box at\\nMiddle-hill guard, the contents blew\\nup, and carried away great part of the\\nwall and guard-house, bruising and\\nburning several of the guard. The\\nengineers were immediately ordered to\\nrepair the breach, and not quit the post\\ntill the works were in their original\\nstate. A reinforcement of a subal\u00c2\u00ac\\ntern from the line, with a drum and\\n21 rank and file, was ordered likewise\\nto join that guard every evening; and\\nother regulations relative to it were\\nestablished.\\nOn the 29th Lieut. Angelo Raffaeli,\\nof the Corsican company, was slightly\\nwounded in the lines. In the evening,\\nthe gun and mortar boats, in number\\n28, fired upon our shipping and the\\ncamp. They took their stations off Eu-\\nropa and Rosia, apparently determined\\nto avoid the fire from the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion (which they had found so fatal to\\nthese enterprises), and directed their\\nfire principally against the Brilliant\\nfrigate, which was then at anchor off\\nBuena Vista, and the St. Michael in the\\nNew mole. Their land batteries opened\\nat the same time, directing a furious\\ncannonade into the town, and along\\nour northern front. The garrison re\u00c2\u00ac\\nturned their fire with great vivacity,\\nthough not with their usual success.\\nOur gun-boats were also unfortunate,\\none of them being damaged very early\\nin the action, and obliged to be towed in.\\nWe had 3 men killed, and 11 wounded;\\n6 of whom were of the 59th regiment.\\nThe enemy discharged from their boats\\n236 shot and 225 shells; and from the\\nisthmus, 555 shot and 245 shells; after\\nwhich, the former retired, and the lat\u00c2\u00ac\\nter were silent. The next day 4 gun\u00c2\u00ac\\nboats fired upon the Brilliant, en pas\u00c2\u00ac\\nsant, but soon retired. At night, a\\nsoldier of the artillery, who had been\\npunished some time before, threw him\u00c2\u00ac\\nself down the precipice from the\\nQueen\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery at Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s he passed\\nso quickly by the men on duty, that he\\nwas scarcely seen; and was not known\\ntill he was missing the next morning.\\nIn the course of the month, one of the\\n25th regiment deserted, and another of\\nthe 58th (who had been entertained\\nfrom the number that remained behind\\nof the prisoners who were taken in the\\nbattering-ships) was retaken in attempt\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to get away. Two boats came in\\nalso from Faro, and a third was inter\u00c2\u00ac\\ncepted in her passage.\\nFebruary was introduced by an ani\u00c2\u00ac\\nmated fire from the garrison. Every\\npart of the enemy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s works felt the\\neffects of our artillery. Thus affairs\\nwere proceeding, when, on the 2nd,\\nletters from the Due de Crillon in\u00c2\u00ac\\nformed the governor that the preli\u00c2\u00ac\\nminaries of a general peace had been\\nsigned between Great Britain, France,\\nand Spain. When the boats met, the\\nSpaniards rose up with transports of\\njoy, and cried out, We are all friends\\ndelivering the letters with the greatest\\nM", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "162\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. viii.\\napparent satisfaction. They could not\\ninform us what were the terms of the\\npeace; which occasioned some anxiety\\nin the garrison relative to the fate\\nof Gibraltar. Previously to the boats\\nmeeting, the enemy discharged about\\n30 rounds, but never, after the letters\\nwere delivered, fired upon the garrison.\\nOur artillery also ceased in the even\u00c2\u00ac\\ning. The Spaniards, the succeeding\\nday, advanced from their works, and\\nconversed with our sentries in the lines,\\nexpressing their satisfaction that we\\nwere no longer enemies. This inter\u00c2\u00ac\\ncourse was, however, forbidden by the\\ngovernor, who ordered the guards to\\ninform those who approached our works\\nthat all correspondence of this nature\\nwas to be suspended, till official ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncounts were received from England of\\nthe peace. General Eliott answered\\nthe Duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s letter on the 3rd, and or\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered the captain of artillery to fire an\\nelevated shot, from Willis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, over any\\nparties which might pass between their\\nparallel and the Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tower. The\\nDuke, on the 5th, informed the governor\\nthat the blockade by sea was discon\u00c2\u00ac\\ntinued; in consequence of which, a\\nplacard was published in the garrison,\\nsignifying that the port of Gibraltar\\nwas again open. About noon, an ele\u00c2\u00ac\\nvated gun was wantonly fired over\\ntheir works, which was the last shot\\nfired in this siege.\\nThis return of tranquillity, this pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nspect of plenty, and relief from the\\ndaily vexations of so tedious a siege,\\ncould not fail to diffuse a general joy\\nthroughout the garrison. Indeed such\\nfeelings are seldom experienced; they\\nbaffle all attempts to describe them:\\nfar beyond the pleasure resulting from\\nprivate instances of success or good for\u00c2\u00ac\\ntune, ours was a social happiness; and\\nthe benevolent sentiments acted upon\\nthe heart with additional energy, on\\nthe prospect of meeting those as friends\\nwith whom we had been so long en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngaged in a succession of hostilities.\\nThe Duke, on the 6th, informed the\\ngovernor that the preliminaries had\\nbeen signed the 20th of January at\\nParis, and that Gibraltar was to remain\\nin the possession of Great Britain.\\nFrom this period, operations on both\\nsides were suspended; each party anx\u00c2\u00ac\\niously waiting official accounts from\\nEngland of the peace. Toward the\\nclose of the month, the Duke began\\nto withdraw some of the ordnance from\\nthe advanced batteries, and to remove\\nmaterials from the parallel to the\\ncamp. The garrison, on the other\\nhand, were employed in making re\u00c2\u00ac\\npairs, and in arranging various matters,\\nwhich could not before be attended to.\\nSeveral ships, and a number of boats,\\narrived from England and Portugal;\\nso that provisions became every day\\nmore abundant, and consequently the\\nprices of articles more moderate.\\nIn the beginning of March, a schooner\\narrived from Barbary, with a letter ac\u00c2\u00ac\\ncompanying a present of bullocks for\\nthe governor. We were ignorant of\\nthe contents of the letter: but, it was\\nimagined, the subject was to request a\\nrenewal of our friendship. Two officers\\nand 24 Corsicans, who in their passage\\nto Gibraltar had been chased ashore on\\nthe coast of Barbary by the Spaniards,\\narrived also in this boat. The former\\ninformed us, that, upon the commence\u00c2\u00ac\\nment of the attack of the batterings\\nships on the preceding 13th of Septem\u00c2\u00ac\\nber, the Moors at Tangier repaired to\\ntheir mosques, imploring Heaven in\\nbehalf of their old allies; and that, on\\nreceiving accounts of the defeat of the\\nenemy, they made public rejoicing, and\\ngave every demonstration of their af\u00c2\u00ac\\nfection for the English nation.\\nWhen the cessation of hostilities took\\nplace, parleys were almost daily passing\\nbetween the governor and the Duke\\nand the Spanish aides-de-camp never\\nomitted expressing their surprise that\\nthe governor had not yet heard from\\nEngland. Their patience as well as\\nours was nearly exhausted, when the\\nlong-expected frigate arrived on the\\n10th of March: but, for some time,\\neven when she had got into the bay,\\nshe kept us in suspense, by steering\\nclose along the Spanish shore, and\\nshowing no colours. At length, how\u00c2\u00ac\\never, the British ensign was displayed,\\nand the anxious garrison saluted her\\nwith a general huzza. She was the\\nThetis frigate, Capt. Blankett; and,\\nsoon after she anchored, Sir Roger", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "1783\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n163\\nCurtis (who had been knighted for his\\nconduct on the 14th of September)\\nlanded with dispatches for the governor.\\nThe Due de Crillon sent a parley to\\nthe garrison in the evening, which was\\nanswered the succeeding day. The\\nsubject of this correspondence probably\\nwas to appoint an interview between\\nthe generals, as, on the 12th, his Grace,\\nattended by his suite, came down to the\\nextremity of the western boyau, and\\nsent an aide-de-camp to inform the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor he was arrived. General Eliott,\\nattended by Lieut. Koehler, his aide-\\nde-camp, soon afterwards rode out by\\nLower Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, and was met by the\\nDuke on the beach, half-way between\\nthe works and Bay-side barrier. Both\\ngenerals instantly dismounted and em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbraced. When the common salutations\\nwere over, they conversed about half an\\nhour, and then returned to their re\u00c2\u00ac\\nspective commands. The cannon in\\nthe Spanish batteries were now all dis\u00c2\u00ac\\nmounted and large parties were daily\\nremoving them, with ammunition, also\\nvarious materials, from their post at\\nthe Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tower to the lines and\\ncamp. As their guards were now con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderably diminished, numbers of de\u00c2\u00ac\\nserters were daily coming over to the\\ngarrison. They were principally fo\u00c2\u00ac\\nreigners and the reason they gave was\\na dislike to the Spanish service.\\nThe Duke, on the 18th, sent the go\u00c2\u00ac\\nvernor a present of a grey Andalusian\\nhorse. The 22nd, the St. Michael\\nman-of-war sailed for England, where\\nshe happily arrived safe. The day\\nfollowing, the governor, accompanied\\nby General Green, the chief engineer,\\nwith their aides-de-camp, met the\\nDuke in the Spanish works: they were\\nconducted by his Grace through the\\nwhole, and afterwards to the cave at\\nthe Devil\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tower. The governor\\ndined with the Duke at San Roque,\\nand returned in the evening. The 31st,\\nthe Due de Crillon, accompanied by\\nthe Marquis de Say a, Prince de Maza-\\nrano, Counts de Jama ique and de Se-\\nrano, Don the intendant, and\\nCapt. Tendon, returned the visit. The\\ngovernor received his Grace near\\nForbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and on entering the garrison,\\na salute was fired of 17 pieces of cannon\\nfrom the Grand battery. When the\\nDuke appeared within the walls, the\\nsoldiers saluted him with a general\\nhuzza; which being unexpected by his\\nGrace, it was said greatly confused\\nhim. The reason however being ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nplained, he seemed highly pleased with\\nthe old English custom; and, as he\\npassed up the main street, where the\\nruinous and desolate appearance of the\\ntown attracted a good deal of his obser\u00c2\u00ac\\nvation, his Grace behaved with great\\naffability.\\nThe officers of the garrison were in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntroduced by corps to the Duke, at the\\nconvent. When the artillery were\\nmentioned, he received them in the\\nmost flattering manner: Gentlemen,\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nsaid his Grace, addressing himself to\\nthem, I would rather see you here as\\nfriends, than on your batteries as ene\u00c2\u00ac\\nmies, where,\u00e2\u0080\u009d added he, \u00e2\u0080\u009cyou never\\nspared me.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The Duke afterwards\\nvisited the batteries on the heights. At\\nWillis\u00e2\u0080\u0099s he made some remarks on the\\nformidable appearance of the lower de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfences observing, whilst he pointed to\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards the Old mole battery, that, had\\nnot his opinion been overruled, he\\nshould have directed all his efforts\\nagainst that part of the garrison.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The\\ngood state of our batteries in so short a\\nperiod produced some compliments to\\nthe chief engineer; and, when con\u00c2\u00ac\\nducted into the gallery above Farring-\\ndon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s battery,* his Grace was particu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlarly astonished, especially when he\\nwas informed of its extent, which at\\nthat time was between 500 and 600 feet.\\nTurning to his suite, after exploring\\nthe extremity, These works,\u00e2\u0080\u009d he ex\u00c2\u00ac\\nclaimed, are worthy of the Romans.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nAfter dinner (at which were present\\nthe generals and brigadiers in the gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison, with their suites), he passed\\nthrough the camp to Europa, each re\u00c2\u00ac\\ngiment turning out without arms, and\\ngiving three cheers. The youth and\\ngood appearance of the troops much en\u00c2\u00ac\\ngaged his attention. When his cu\u00c2\u00ac\\nriosity was gratified in that quarter, he\\nreturned, and was conducted about 8\\no\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock without Landport, being sa\u00c2\u00ac\\nluted with 17 cannon on his departure.\\nNow called Windsor.\\nM 2", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "164\\nHISTORY OF THE\\n[chap. VIII.\\nHis horse startled at the flash of the\\nguns, and almost, if not entirely, un\u00c2\u00ac\\nhorsed him; but he escaped without\\nbeing hurt. The Duke, in the course\\nof the conversation at dinner, paid\\nmany handsome compliments to the\\ngovernor and garrison for their noble\\ndefence. He had exerted himself (he\\nsaid) to the utmost of his abilities; and,\\nthough he had not been successful, yet\\nhe was happy in having his sovereign\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\napprobation of his conduct.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nBefore the Due de Crillon entered\\nthe garrison, the Comte de Ruffigniac,\\ncolonel in the French service (who, the\\nreader may remember, was very press\u00c2\u00ac\\ning for admittance into the garrison\\nsome few days after the defeat of the\\nbattering-ships, and who, for the sole\\npurpose of seeing the place, had re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmained behind his brigade), was ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nmitted into the garrison without the\\nDuke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s knowledge; and, being in the\\nfieche at Landport when the Duke was\\napproaching from Forbes\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, his Grace\\ncould not avoid seeing him. As he\\nhad entered without the Duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s per\u00c2\u00ac\\nmission, his Grace requested he might\\nnot see him at the convent; and the\\nCount, being informed of this, with\u00c2\u00ac\\ndrew into the garrison, apparently much\\nchagrined at the Duke\u00e2\u0080\u0099s particularity.\\nWhen his Grace returned, it was said,\\norders were given not to permit the\\nCount to go back by way of the lines.\\nThe following evening, however, after\\nsatisfying his curiosity in the garrison,\\nhe returned.\\nThe 2nd of April the Due de Crillon\\nquitted the camp to repair to Madrid.\\nHe was succeeded in command by\\nLieut.-General the Marquis de Saya., or\\nZaya, who had accompanied his Grace\\ninto the garrison, and (what was very\\nsingular) had served as an officer at the\\npreceding siege of Gibraltar in 1727.\\nDeserters still continued coming over\\nto us, and the Spaniards were employed\\nin removing materials from the neutral\\nground to the lines. Letters often\\npassed between the Marquis and Ge\u00c2\u00ac\\nneral Eliott; but, though the latter\\nrequested to pay his compliments at\\nSan Roque, the etiquette observed by\\nthe former (orders having been re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceived from Madrid to prevent all in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntercourse) would not for some time\\npermit him to receive the governor.\\nThe 15th of April Sir Roger Curtis\\nsailed in the Brilliant frigate on an\\nembassy to the Emperor of Morocco\\nhe took with him, as a present, four\\nbrass 26-pounders (which had been\\nweighed from the wreck of the batter\u00c2\u00ac\\ning-ships), with proportionable ammu\u00c2\u00ac\\nnition.\\nHis Majesty having been pleased to\\nconfer upon the governor the Most\\nHonourable Order of the Bath,* as a\\nmark of his royal approbation for the\\ndefence of Gibraltar; and having sig\u00c2\u00ac\\nnified his pleasure by Sir Roger Curtis,\\nthat Lieut.-General Boyd should act as\\nhis Majesty\u00e2\u0080\u0099s representative in invest\u00c2\u00ac\\ning General Eliott with the insignia of\\nthe order, which ceremony was to be\\nperformed in as splendid and mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnificent a manner as the state of the\\ngarrison would permit; the engineers,\\nsoon after the arrival of the Thetis,\\nbegan to erect a colonnade upon the\\nrampart of the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion, that the\\nhonours might be conferred where the\\nvictory was gained. By the 23rd of\\nApril (St. George\u00e2\u0080\u0099s day) the colonnade\\nwas finished; and, every preparation\\nfor the ceremony being completed, the\\ngovernor commenced by communicat\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to the troops the thanks of their\\nking and country for their defence of\\nGibraltar. Detachments from all the\\nregiments and corps, with all the officers\\nnot on duty, were assembled in three\\nlines on the Red sands at eight o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock\\nin the morning; and the governor\\ntaking post in the centre of the second\\nline, and the usual compliments being\\nThis was not the only honour conferred\\non the General for his services in defending\\nGibraltar. Parliament voted him a handsome\\npension for life; and his sovereign, on his\\nreturn to Britain in 1787. gave him an ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nditional mark of his approbation by raising\\nhim to the British peerage, by the style and\\ntitle of Lord Heathfield, Baron Heathfield of\\nGibraltar, with the honourable distinction of\\nbearing, in chief, with his own arms, the arms\\nof the garrison. General Boyd was also\\nhonoured with the Order of the Bath, and\\nGeneral Green distinguished by a baronetcy.\\nAfter General Eliott s elevation to the peerage\\nhe was never employed on active service;\\nand a short time afterwards he was attacked\\nwith paralysis, of which he died, at his re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsidence near Aix la-Chapelle, aged 72.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "1783.]\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\n165\\npaid, his Excellency addressed himself I\\nto the garrison as follows:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nGentlemen\u00e2\u0080\u0094I have assembled you\\nthis day, in order that the officers and\\nsoldiers may receive, in the most public\\nmanner, an authentic declaration trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nmitted to me by the secretary of state,\\nexpressing the high sense his Majesty\\nentertains of your meritorious conduct\\nin defence of this garrison. The King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nsatisfaction upon this event was soon\\ndivulged to all the world, by his most\\ngracious speech to both houses of Par\u00c2\u00ac\\nliament. The House of Lords and the\\nHouse of Commons not only made the\\nsuitable professions in their addresses\\nto the throne, but have severally en\u00c2\u00ac\\njoined me to communicate their una\u00c2\u00ac\\nnimous thanks by the following resolu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions\\nDie Veneris, 13 Decembris, 1782.\\nResolved, nemine dissentiente,\\nby the Lords spiritual and\\ntemporal, in Parliament as\u00c2\u00ac\\nsembled, that this House doth\\nhighly approve and acknow\u00c2\u00ac\\nledge the services of the offi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncers, soldiers, and sailors,\\nlately employed in the de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfence of Gibraltar; and that\\nGeneral Eliott do signify the\\nsame to them.\u00e2\u0080\u0099\\nDie Jovis, 12 Decembris, 1782.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente,\\nthat the thanks of this House\\n[Commons] be given to Lieut-\\nGeneral Boyd, Major-General\\nde la Motte, Major-General\\nGreen, chief engineer; to Sir\\nRoger Curtis, Knt., and to the\\nofficers, soldiers, and sailors,\\nlately employed in the de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfence of Gibraltar.\u00e2\u0080\u0099\\nThe governor then proceeded:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nNo army has ever been rewarded by\\nhigher national honours: and it is well\\nknown how great, universal, and spon\u00c2\u00ac\\ntaneous were the rejoicings throughout\\nthe kingdom upon the news of your\\nsuccess. These must not only give you\\ninexpressible pleasure, but afford matter\\nof triumph to your dearest friends and\\nlatest posterity. As a farther proof\\nhow just your title is to such flattering\\ndistinctions at home, rest assured, from\\nundoubted authority, that the nations\\nin Europe and other parts are struck\\nwith admiration of your gallant beha\u00c2\u00ac\\nviour even our late resolute and de\u00c2\u00ac\\ntermined antagonists do not scruple to\\nbestow the commendations due to such\\nvalour and perseverance.\\nI now most warmly congratulate you\\non these united and brilliant testimonies\\nof approbation, amidst such numerous,\\nsuch exalted tokens of applause: and\\nforgive me, faithful companions, if I\\nhumbly crave your acceptance of my\\ngrateful acknowledgments. I only\\npresume to ask this favour, as having\\nbeen a constant witness of your cheer\u00c2\u00ac\\nful submission to the greatest hardships,\\nyour matchless spirit and exertions, and\\non all occasions your heroic contempt\\nof every danger.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nA grand feu-de-joie was then fired\\nby the line, each discharge commenc\u00c2\u00ac\\ning with a royal salute of 21 guns.\\nThree cheers closed the ceremony.\\nThe commander-in-chief, general and\\nfield officers, afterwards withdrew; and\\nthe detachments (formed two deep)\\nmarched into town, and lined the\\nstreets leading from the convent, by\\nthe Spanish church and Grand parade,\\nto the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion. About half\u00c2\u00ac\\npast eleven o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, the procession be\u00c2\u00ac\\ngan to move in the following order:\\nall uncovered, and two deep, except\\nthe troops under arms.\\nMarshal.\\nMusic, 12th Regiment,\\nPlaying\\nSee the conquering Hero comes.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nArtillery.\\nQuarter-Master-General, and\\nAdjutant-General, Town-Major,\\nand Deputy\\nWith other Staff of the Garrison.\\nFirst Division of Field Officers,\\nYoungest first.\\nMusic 58th Regiment.\\nThe Commissioner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Secretary,\\nBearing on a crimson velvet cushion\\nThe Commission.\\nThe Commissioner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Aides-de-Camp.\\nLieut. General Boyd, the\\nKing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Commissioner.\\nThe Governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Secretary,\\nBearing, on a crimson velvet cushion,", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "166\\nHISTORY OF THE SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR, [chap. viix.\\nThe Insignia\\nOf the Order of the Bath.\\nThe Governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Aides-de Camp,\\nas Esquires.\\nGENERAL ELIOTT,\\nThe Knight Elect\\nSupported by Generals De la Motte\\nand Green.\\nAides-de-camp to the Major-Generals.\\nMajor-General Picton.\\nHis Aide-de-camp.\\nThe Brigadier-Generals, eldest first.\\nTheir Brigade Majors.\\nMusic, De la Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.\\nSecond Division of Field Officers,\\nEldest first.\\nMusic, 56th Regiment.\\nThe Grenadiers of the Garrison.\\nNo compliment was paid to the\\nknight elect; but, as the commissioner\\npassed, each regiment, with the officers,\\nsaluted. When the procession arrived\\nat the colonnade, the general and\\nfield officers placed themselves on each\\nside of the throne; the artillery\\nformed under the colonnade, and the\\ngrenadiers fronting the bastion, along\\nthe line-wall. The proper reverences\\nbeing made to the vacant throne, the\\ncommissioner desired his secretary to\\nread the commission: which being\\ndone, he addressed the knight elect in\\na short complimentary speech, taking\\nthe riband at the conclusion, and plac\u00c2\u00ac\\ning it over the governor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shoulder,\\nwho inclined a little for that purpose:\\nthree reverences were then a second\\ntime made, and each took his seat on a\\ncrimson velvet chair on each side of\\nthe throne, the commissioner sitting on\\nthe right hand. The governor was no\\nsooner invested than the music struck\\nup God save the King.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The grena\u00c2\u00ac\\ndiers fired a volley, and a grand dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ncharge of 160 pieces of cannon was\\nfired from the sea-line. The proces\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion then passed forward through the\\ncolonnade, and returned in the same\\norder. The detachments were after\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards dismissed, and each non-com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmissioned officer and private received\\na *pound of fresh beef and a quart of\\nwine. The generals, with their suites,\\nand the field-officers, dined at the con\u00c2\u00ac\\nvent. In the evening the colonnade\\nwas illuminated with different-coloured\\nlamps, and transparent paintings in the\\nback scene: and Sir George Augustus\\nEliott, with the lieutenant-governor\\nand principal officers of the garrison,\\nassembling at the King\u00e2\u0080\u0099s bastion about\\nnine o\u00e2\u0080\u0099clock, there was a display of\\nfire-works from the North and South\\nbastions, and the Spanish church; the\\nprincipal of which were fired from the\\nlatter, being opposite to the company.\\nThus, in festivity and with honour,\\nended the labours of the garrison of\\nGibraltar. During a period of three\\nyears, seven months, and twelve days\\n(that is from the commencement of the\\nblockade to the cessation of arms), we\\nhad experienced a continued series of\\nwatchfulness and fatigue, the horrors\\nof famine, and every harassing and\\nvexatious mode of attack which a\\npowerful, obstinate, and revengeful\\nenemy could devise. On reviewing\\nthe transactions of this period, two cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncumstances cannot fail to strike the\\nattentive reader; viz. the very slow\\nmanner in which the enemy proceeded\\nin their early operations, and the im\u00c2\u00ac\\npossibility of maintaining so strict a\\nblockade as to prevent all communi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncation by sea. To evince these, and\\nother circumstances not unimportant\\nto military readers, I have been re\u00c2\u00ac\\nduced to greater accuracy and mi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnuteness than ordinary historians are\\nobliged to observe; and instead of the\\nacuteness of investigation, or a splendid\\nsententiousness, I have been necessi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntated to pursue the narrative, almost\\nuninterruptedly, in the tedious form of\\na journal. I have not presumed to in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntersperse many animadversions of my\\nown: the only merit to which I can\\nlay any claim, is that of a faithful nar\u00c2\u00ac\\nration of facts; and I confess I would\\nat any time rather walk in the beaten\\ntrack of truth, than mislead the judg\u00c2\u00ac\\nment of my readers in the wilds of\\nfancy and conjecture.\\nA return of casualties is annexed,\\nalso the expenditure of ammunition,\\nboth by the enemy and the garrison.\\nThese papers, as well as the estimate\\nof provisions, I thought better to throw\\ninto the form of an Appendix,than to in\u00c2\u00ac\\nterrupt the narrative by their insertion.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "167\\nAPPENDIX.\\nETAT GE NE RAL DE L\u00e2\u0080\u0099ARME E ESPAGNOLE ET FRAN^OISE\\nEMPLOYE E AU SIE GE DE GIBRALTAR,\\nSOUS LES ORDRES DE SON EXCELLENCE LE DUC DE CRILLON.\\nE TAT MAJOR DE L\u00e2\u0080\u0099ARME E ESPAGNOLE.\\nGE NE RAL EN CHEF LE CAPITAINE-GE NE RAL DUC DE CRILLON.\\nLieutenans-Generaux.\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Abarca,\\nCommandant-General des\\nlngenieurs.\\nLe Comte de Lascy,\\nCommandant-General de\\nl\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artillerie.\\nDe Habor.\\nLe Comte de Revillagigedo.\\nLe Marquis de Casagagigal.\\nMarechaux de Camp. Brigadiers.\\nLe Marquis de Zayas dTiaut-Regard, De Garcia de\\nCommandant des Gardes Wal- la Mora,\\nlones. D\u00e2\u0080\u0099Allenes.\\nDe Tilly, Colonel d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Artillerie. D\u00e2\u0080\u0099Horces.\\nDe Teller, Commandt. des Gardes De Betcliart.\\nEspagnoles. D\u00e2\u0080\u0099lmperioli.\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Oliver, Major-General de l\u00e2\u0080\u0099ln-\\nfanterie. De Guevara.\\nLe Marquis de Mont-Hermoso, De Tirrel.\\nMajor General de la Cavalerie et\\nDragons.\\nDe Pachecho.\\nLe Marquis de Branceforte.\\nDe Roca.\\nLe Marquis de Torremansana.\\nINFANTERIE.\\nLe Marquis\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099Avilles.\\nDe Caro.\\nDe Gourales.\\nDe Lancaster.\\nDe Castel\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099Oseius.\\nLe Prince de\\nM ontfort.\\nDe Moya.\\nLe Marquis de\\nValparaiso.\\nDe Nova Cer-\\nrada.\\nDe Pachecho\\nGiron.\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Estacharia.\\nDe Galazar.\\nDe Gersale.\\nDruhat.\\nDe Vedia.\\nLe Comte de\\nBussy.\\nDe GutierreT.\\nLe Baron de\\nSteiuborg.\\nDe Moron.\\nDe Pinto.\\nDe Font.\\nDe Totosa.\\nDe Sangro.\\nDe Servino.\\nDe Colona.\\nLe Due de\\nMontellano.\\nDe Pignatelli.\\nLe Marquis\\nd\u00e2\u0080\u0099Alos.\\nRegimens.\\nBataillons. 1\\ns\\nc-5\\nSPg\\nP. z\\nSo\\nC SJ\\nCompagnies\\nde Fusiliers.\\nT\\nE\\nC\\nc\\n0\\no\\n3\\n.O\\nMajors.\\nAjudans.\\nPorte-\\nDrapeaux.\\nCapitaines.\\nPremiers\\nLieutenans.\\nSecond Lieuts.\\nSous-Lieuts.\\nj Sergens.\\nCaporaux,\\nI Tambours et\\n1 Fifres.\\nSoldats.\\nTotal de Bas-\\nOfticiers et\\nSoldats.\\nGardes Espagnoles\\n4\\n4\\n24\\n1\\n8\\n28\\n28\\n28\\n28\\n168\\n448\\n112\\n2184\\n2912\\nGardes Wallones\\n4\\n4\\n24\\n1\\n8\\n28\\n28\\n28\\n28\\n168\\n448\\n112\\n2184\\n2912\\nSabova\\n1\\n1\\n8\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n9\\n9\\n9\\n26\\n71\\n20\\n572\\n689\\nCordova\\n1\\n1\\n8\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n9\\n9\\n9\\n26\\n71\\n19\\n572\\n688\\nBurgos\\n2\\n2\\n16\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n18\\n18\\n18\\n52\\n142\\n39\\n1144\\n13/7\\nMurcia\\n2\\n2\\n16\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n18\\n18\\n18\\n52\\n142\\n39\\n1144\\n1377\\nAltonia\\n1\\n1\\n8\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n9\\n9\\n9\\n26\\n71\\n20\\n572\\n689\\nVolontaires d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Aragon\\n1\\n6\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n6\\n6\\n6\\n18\\n36\\n9\\n324\\n337\\nler. Reg. de Catalogue\\n2\\n12\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n12\\n12\\n12\\n36\\n72\\n17\\n1680\\n1803\\nLa Princessa\\n1\\n1\\n8\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n9\\n9\\n9\\n26\\n71\\n19\\n572\\n688\\nNaples\\n2\\n2\\n16\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n18\\n18\\n18\\n52\\n142\\n39\\n1144\\n1377\\nBetchart\\nCompge. deGrenadiers\\n0\\n2\\n8\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n10\\n10\\n8\\n10\\n48\\n64\\n25\\n1054\\n1191\\n2\\n22\\n22\\n22\\n22\\n44\\n120\\n22\\n1152\\n1338\\nCavalerie demontee\\n2\\n20\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n20\\n20\\n4\\n20\\n40\\n120\\n27\\n1160\\n1347\\nDragons do.\\n2\\n22\\n22\\n2^\\n22\\nGrenads. Proyinciaux\\n6\\n60\\n3\\n3\\n9\\n6\\n60\\n60\\n60\\n120\\n360\\n60\\n3960\\n4509\\nArtillerie\\n60\\n131\\n24\\n1126\\n1341\\nVolontaires de Crillon\\nTotal Infanterie\\n35\\n144\\n154\\n10\\n13\\n19\\n39\\n30\\n298\\n298\\n64\\n298\\n962\\n2509\\n612\\n20544\\n24627", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "168\\nAPPENDIX\\nCAVALERIE ET DRAGONS.\\nRegimens.\\nEscadrons.\\nto\\nfm\\n0 a\\ne 1c\\nes ij\\ngi\\n0 4)\\nO s\\nCompagntes\\nde Fusiliers.\u00e2\u0080\u0099\\nColonels.\\nr!\\n1\\nt\\nMajors.\\nC\\nX\\nV\\nX\\nCC\\na.\\n3*\\nu X\\no Jr\\nO\\nCapitaines.\\nPremiers\\nLieutenans.\\nSecond Lieuts.\\nto\\nV\\n12\\n1\\nto\\n3\\nO\\nC/3\\nS\\n4\\nCjC\\nu\\nv\\nC/3\\nCaporaux.\\nV\\nJ9\\n3\\n0\\nrf.\\nSt\\nSoldots.\\nIs\\nfi) CO\\n-3 f)\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0=11\\niC\\nI\u00c2\u00ae 0\\nrOW\\nDu Roi\\n1\\n3\\nl\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n3\\n6\\n12\\n2\\n108\\n128\\nDe la Reitie\\nl\\n1\\n3\\ni\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n4\\n4\\n8\\n16\\n3\\n156\\n183\\nDu Prince\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n4\\n4\\n8\\n16\\n3\\n156\\n183\\nDe Bourbon\\n2\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n7\\n7\\n7\\n14\\n28\\n5\\n164\\n311\\nDe Farnese\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n4\\n4\\n8\\n16\\n3\\n156\\n183\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Alcantara\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n3\\n6\\n12\\n2\\n108\\n128\\nD Algarves\\n1\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n3\\n6\\n12\\n2\\n108\\n128\\nDe Calatrava\\n1\\n3\\ni\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n3\\n6\\n12\\n2\\n108\\n123\\nDe San lago\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n3\\n6\\n12\\n2\\n108\\n128\\nDe Mendoza\\n1\\n1-\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n4\\n4\\n8\\n14\\n3\\n156\\n18.3\\nDe Volontaires\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n3\\n6\\n12\\n2\\n108\\n129\\nDe Pavie, Dragons\\n2\\n1\\n6\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n6\\n1\\n7\\n14\\n28\\n10\\n264\\n316\\nDe Lusitania\\n2\\n1\\nG\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n6\\n1\\n7\\n14\\n28\\n7\\n2 60\\n316\\nTotal Cavalerie, c.\\n16\\n7\\n58\\n12\\n7\\n7\\n9\\n16\\n47\\n43\\na\\n55\\nno\\n220\\n46\\n2064\\n2440\\nDo. Infanterie\\n35\\n144\\n154\\n10\\n13\\n19\\n39\\n30\\n298\\n298\\n64\\n298\\n962\\n2509\\n6i2\\n20544\\n24627\\nTotal general\\n51\\n151\\n202\\n22\\n20\\n26\\n48\\n46\\n.345\\n341\\n64\\n358\\n1072\\n2729\\n658\\n22608\\n2 0\u00c2\u00ab7\\nE TAT MAJOR DES TROUPES FRANCOISES.\\nBARON FALKENSTEIN, COMMANDANT EN CHEF.\\nLE MARQUIS DE BOUZOLZ, COMMANDANT EN SECOND.\\nEtat Major.\\nLe Marquis de Crillon, Briga\u00c2\u00ac\\ndier.\\nDe Portal, Major-General.\\nLe Baron F. le\\nFort Aides Maj.*\\nLe Baron C. le I Generaux.\\nFort J\\ni\\nAides de-Camp.\\nDu Baron Falckenstein\\nLe Comte de JSesle de\\nFourette.\\nLe Cliev. de Grave.\\nLe Chev. de Vault.\\nLe Chev. de Ponce?.\\nLe Comte d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Argoult.\\nLe Comte de P rigord.\\nLe Comte de Lost.\\nLe Marquis de Laillebot.\\nDu M. de Bouzolz:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nLe Marquis de Travanec.\\nLe Chev. d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Oraison.\\nLe Marquis de Montaigu.\\nDe Wildemonth Capitaines\\nDe Meuuier 5 en second.\\nOfficiers chargee du detail de\\nla Tranchee.\\nBrigade Franeoise.\\n[Le Vte. de Veneur,\\n.2 I Malt re de Camp, Col.\\ng J Le Marquis de Guerchv,\\n5 1 ditto en second,\\njtc I Dubourg, Lieut.-Col.\\n[De Cappy, Major.\\nc Le Comte de Crillon,\\nu I Mailre de Camp, Col.\\nc I Le Vidame de Nasse,\\ne .5 ditto en second.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2r f Le Chev. de St. Roman,\\nI Lieut. Col.\\n?De Portal, Major.\\nArtillerie.\\nBrigade Allemande.\\n.2 Le Comt. E. de Sparre,\\ng.\u00c2\u00a7 M.-de-C., Col.\\ng -JLe Baron d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Hamilton,\\nS M.-de.-C. en second.\\np\u00c2\u00a7 D. O. Conell, Lt.-Col.\\npj iD Orsner, Major.\\nr Le Baron de Wimpffen,\\ns M.-de C., Col.\\ng I Le Baron de Nivenheim,\\nJ ditto en second.\\nTrjg De Peyrier, Lieut.-Col.\\nfS I O\u00e2\u0080\u0099Ghier, Major.\\nGenie.\\nDe Goenand, Lieut.-Col.-Com-\\nmandant.\\nDe Barras, Capitaine, aide-Maj.\\nD Artan n\\nGromar de Quinton Ca l )tnes\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Hemeryl T\\nCadmau Lieuts.en premier.\\nen second.\\nLe Ch-d*Alphonse\\nDe Marten\\nFournier au troisi me\\nHommes, 130.\\nLe Marq. de Puissegur, Capi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntaine, avec brev.de Colonel.\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Arfon, Colonel.\\nDoria, Major.\\nDe l\u00e2\u0080\u0099Hillier\\nDe Bonleman\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Assign y\\nDe Samis\\nDamoiseau\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Aumont\\nCapitaines.\\nj- Lieutenans.\\nAdministration.\\nIntendant de Rouissiere. Monmergue. Tnspecteur 7 y.\\nCommissaire de Boileau. Demange, Directeur y vi rp 3\\nCommissaire du Demaine.\\nBrochel, Directeur j\\nChaumel, Sous- ides Postes.\\nDirecteur.\\nThion, Premier Medecin.\\nBodners, Cltirurgien H 6 pital.\\nMassol, second do. j", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n169\\nRegimens.\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Officiers\\nsuperieurs.\\nD\u00e2\u0080\u0099Hommes\\nBrigade C De Lvonnois\\n65\\n1,024\\nFramboise De Bretagne\\n65\\n1,016\\nBrigade (Royal Suedois\\n65\\n1,000\\nAllemande De Bouillon\\n52\\n1,025\\nTotal Francois\\n247\\n4,055\\nEspagnol\\n1669\\n27,067\\nGrand total\\n1916\\n31,122\\n33,028 Officiers et d\u00e2\u0080\u0099hommes.\\nII v avoit un Corps d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Ingenienrs anx ordres de M. d\u00e2\u0080\u0099Abarca. compose de 8 Ingenieurs en\\nChef, ]12 en second, 11 oidinaires, 14 extraordinaires, 12 Ajudans. Une Compaguie de Mare-\\nchaussee, de 40 Cavaliers, aux ordres d\u00e2\u0080\u0099uu Lieut. Ilya une Compagnie de Cadets, dont le Capi-\\ntaine est un Colonel. Les Compagnies de Sapeurs out chacune un Capitaiue, un Lieutenant, uu\\nSous-Lieutenant.\\nA GENERAL RETURN OF CASUALTIES.\\nKilled.\\nDead\\nDisabled\\nWounded,\\nbut\\nrecovered.\\nDead\\nDe-\\nof Wounds.\\nby Wounds.\\nby Sickness.\\nserted.\\n6\\nO\\no\\no\\ne\\no\\nE\\nA\\na\\nO\\nCO\\nu\\no\\ns\\nO\\nE\\nRank\\nCO\\n2\\ns\\nis\\nco\\nfi\\n=8\\nCO-\\nto\\nCO\\nCO\\n=8\\nCO\\nco\\n8\\nA\\nREGIMENTS.\\nO\\ng\\no\\n2\\n1\\na\\nO\\no\\nE\\n.cu\\n2\\na\\nC3\\no\\no\\n2\\nr*\\na\\na\\nV\\ns\\n2\\ng\\nZi\\no\\nE\\n.2\\n2\\n3\\na\\nas\\nFile.\\no\\nc h\\nC\\no\\nC\\npH\\nO\\nW\\n1\u00c2\u00b0\\n1-\\nin\\nQ\\no\\nc h\\no\\nRoval Artillery\\no\\ni\\n0\\n20\\nt)\\n0\\n0\\n8\\n0\\n2\\n0\\nii\\n8\\no\\n1\\n105\\n1\\ni\\n0\\n34\\n1\\n12th Regiment\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n13\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n10\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n10\\n2\\n4\\n7\\n89\\n0\\n3\\n0\\n32\\n3\\n25th\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n7\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n13\\n1\\n39th\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n16\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n6\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n10\\n3\\n5\\n1\\n44\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n37\\n5\\n56 th\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n17\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n9\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n6\\n3\\n2\\n0\\n59\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n34\\n3\\n5Sth\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n11\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n5\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n8\\n2\\n2\\n2\\n61\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n53\\n11\\n59th\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n6\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n7\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n33\\n0\\n72nd\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n31\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n21\\n0\\n1\\n1\\n21\\n3\\n11\\n5\\n109\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n47\\n9\\n73nl\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n30\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n13\\n1\\n5\\n0\\n31\\n5\\n2\\n0\\n77\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n58\\n2\\n91 th\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n7\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n5\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n4\\n0\\n3\\n1\\n33\\n1\\n6\\n0\\n106\\n1\\nReden\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Regiment\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n7\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n5\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n4\\n1\\ni\\n1\\n33\\n1\\n1\\n0\\n16\\n1\\nDe la Motte\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nSydow\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, for-1\\n0\\n3\\n0\\n16\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n6\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n42\\n69\\n2\\n2\\n0\\n10\\n1\\nmerlv liar-\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n18\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n6\\n2\\n0\\n6\\n1\\n7\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n7\\n5\\nden Derg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 1\\nSoldier-Artificer\\n0\\ni\\n0\\n6\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n7\\n2\\n3\\n0\\n30\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n23\\n0\\nCompany 1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n8\\n0\\nMarine Brigade\\n0\\ni\\n0\\n2\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nCorsican Comp.\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\nTotal\\n5\\n19\\n2\\n197\\n1\\n6\\n2\\n101\\n3\\n13\\n2\\n120\\n31\\n46\\n20\\n773\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00991\\n22\\n2\\n505\\n43\\nABSTRACT OF THE TOTAL LOSS OF THE GARRISON.\\nKilled, and dead of wounds 333\\nDisabled by wounds (discharged).138\\nDead of sickness, exclusive of those who died of the scurvy in\\n1779 and 1780 536\\nDischarged, from incurable complaints.181\\nDeserted 43\\nTotal.1231", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "170\\nEXPENDITURE OF AMMUNITION FROM THE GARRISON AND\\nBY THE ENEMY.\\nGARRISON.\\nENEMY.\\nCommencing\\nthe 12th of September, 1779,\\nand\\nCommencing\\nthe 12th of April, 1781, and\\nending\\nthe 3rd of February, 1J83.\\nending\\nthe 2nd of February,\\n1\\n7 bo.\\nAgreeable to the La-\\nMONTHS.\\nShot.\\nShells.\\nGrape.\\nCar-\\nL ght\\nbails.\\nMONTHS.\\nboratory Accounts.\\nShot.\\nShells.\\n1779.\\nSept. 12 to 30\\n1767\\n201\\nOctober\\n372\\n1116\\n1\\n6\\nNovember\\n57\\n183\\n5\\nDecember\\n82\\n63\\n6\\n4\\n1780.\\nJanuary\\n83\\n131\\n38\\nFebruary\\n9\\n6\\n3\\nMarch\\n17\\n7\\n3\\na\\n0\\nApril\\n6\\nMay\\n8\\n6\\nJune\\n123\\n6\\nJuly\\n246\\nO\\n3\\nAugust\\n56\\nw\\nSeptember.\\n6\\nv\\nOctober.\\n85\\n243\\n73\\n1\\n160\\nNovember\\n771\\n6004\\n510\\n63\\n64\\nDecember\\n160\\n4242\\n250\\n79\\n54\\n1781.\\nJanuary\\n33\\n875\\n63\\n22\\n8\\nFebruary\\n32\\n346\\n76\\n9\\nMarch\\n23\\n221\\n17\\n13\\n1781.\\nApril\\nMay\\n2672\\n804\\n2494\\n2782\\n26\\n23\\n2\\n6\\nApril 12 to\\nMay 31\\n56760\\n20134\\nComputed.\\nJune\\n828\\n2250\\n104\\n35\\n3\\nJune\\n8799\\n2643\\nJuly\\n428\\n761\\n51\\n13\\n5\\nJuly\\n3036\\n698\\nAugust.\\n130\\n172\\n103\\n5U\\n2\\nAugust\\n1350\\n184\\nSeptember\\n2614\\n6228\\n213\\n58\\n42\\nSeptember.\\n9320\\n760\\nOctober\\n1722\\n11515\\n64\\n19\\n53\\nOctober\\n15754\\n2750\\nNovember\\n509\\n3587\\n82\\n33\\n5\\nNovember\\n2430\\n1120\\nDecember\\n632\\n7119\\n139\\n60\\n44\\nDecember\\n3378\\n1010\\n1782.\\n1782.\\nJanuary\\n722\\n11052\\n132\\n60\\n23\\nJanuary\\n4342\\n1012\\nFebruary\\n2617\\n7295\\n177\\n21\\n19\\nFebruary\\n3046\\n566\\nMarch\\n3657\\n10362\\n733\\n56\\n45\\nMarch\\n5828\\n1313\\nApril\\n2314\\n2768\\n370\\nApril\\n3541\\n938\\nMay\\n2315\\n1669\\n352\\n14\\nMay\\n2418\\n856\\nJune\\n2052\\n178\\n263\\n1\\n8\\nJune\\n2190\\n653\\nJuly\\n228\\n37\\n100\\n13\\nJuly\\n0\\nAugust\\n5441\\n1781\\n1047\\n3\\n48\\nAugust\\n750\\n30\\nComputed\\nSeptember.\\n13557\\n3262\\n479\\n215\\nSeptember\\n36432\\n16993\\nexclusive\\nOctober\\n2604\\n6881\\n735\\n12\\n14\\nOctober\\n11312\\n10673\\nW the bat-\\nNovember\\n1937\\n5701\\n1157\\n74\\n17\\nNovember\\n2897\\n3243\\nte ring-\\nships.\\nDecember\\n2596\\n12159\\n1422\\n26\\n3\\nDecember\\n1036\\n1958\\nJ\\ncc\\nCO\\n1783.\\nJanuary\\n2640\\n14176\\n3444\\n42\\n25\\nJanuary\\n1067\\n680\\nFebruary\\n210\\n1047\\n414\\nFebruary\\n55\\n144\\nTotal\\n57163\\n129151\\n12681\\n926\\n679\\nTotal\\n175741\\n68363\\nTotal\\nBritish gun-boats\\n200,600 rounds.\\n4,728 shot.\\nTotal\\nodA inAf roun ds, all of a\\nIipjw nature..\\nheavy nature.\\nSpanish gun-boats 14,283 shot and shells.\\n205,328\\n258,387\\nThe garrison expended very near 8000 barrels of powder; and the Dumber of ordnance damaged and destroyed\\nduring the siege amounted to 53.\\nThe number of barrels of powder expended by the enemy could never be ascertained, nor what ordnance wet\\ndestroyed.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "171\\nt\\nAn Estimate of the Prices fixed upon Provisions hy a Committee of Officers, at\\nGibraltar, October the 23rd, 1782. To which is annexed the price of\\nvarious articles, as they were sold at different Periods of the Blockade\\nand Siege.\\nThe sums are turned into sterling, at the average exchange of 3s. 3d. the dollar; though the\\nGarrison exchange fluctuated between 3s. 4 d. and 3s. 6 d.\\nPRICKS LIMITED BY THE COMMITTEE.\\nPRICES DURINO THE BLOCKADE.\\nFresh beef, veal, aud mutton, per lb.\\nPork, ditto.\\nDucks and fowls, per couple\\nA goose\\nA turkey.\\nA pair of pigeons\\nCorned beef, per lb.\\nCorned pork, ditto.\\nHam, ditto.\\nBacon and dried tongues, ditto\\nCheese, ditto.\\nSalt butter, ditto.\\nAn egg\\nPickled tripe, per lb.\\nPotatoes, ditto\\nLoaf sugar, ditto\\nPowder sugar, ditto\\nBest green tea, ditto\\nBohea or Souchong, ditto\\nCoffee, ditto\\nFlour, ditto\\nMould candles, ditto\\nCommon, ditto\\nA hogshead of porter\\nBottled porter (with bottles), per\\nA hogshead of port wine\\nPort wine (with bottles), per doz\\nGood common wine, per gallon\\nInferior ditto, ditto\\nClaret (with bottles), per dozen\\nBest fish, per lb.\\nInferior kind, ditto\\n8mall fry, ditto\\ndoz.\\ns.\\nd.\\n0\\n2\\n6\\n0\\n1\\n3\\n0\\n9\\n9\\n0\\n11\\n0\\n0\\n14\\n7*\\n0\\n3\\n3\\n0\\n1\\n3\\n0\\n0\\n10\\n0\\n1\\n10*\\n0\\n1\\n3\\n0\\n1\\n3\\n0\\n1\\n10*\\n0\\n0\\n2*\\n0\\n1\\n3\\n0\\n0\\n7*\\n0\\n2\\n6\\n0\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n11*\\n0\\n13\\n0\\n0\\n1\\n10*\\n0\\n0\\n7*\\n0\\n1\\n0*\\n0\\n0\\n10\\n5\\n13\\n9*\\n0\\n14\\n7*\\n24\\n7\\n6\\n1\\n12\\n5*\\n0\\n4\\n11\\n0\\n3\\n8\\n1\\n17\\n4*\\n0\\n1\\n3\\n0\\n0\\n10\\n0\\n0\\n7i\\ns.\\nd.\\ns. d.\\nFrom 0\\n2\\n1\\nto\\n0\\n4 ll*\\nFrom 0\\n2\\n1\\nt\\n0\\n4 1\\n.From 0\\n13\\n0\\nit\\n1\\n1 11*\\n1\\n10 4\\n2\\n8 9\\n0\\n9 9\\nRound of beef, per lb.\\n0\\n2 11\\nSalt beef and pork, ditto\\n0\\n1 3\\n0\\n4 1\\n0\\n3 3\\n0\\n4 1\\n.From 0\\n2\\n6\\nto\\n0\\n4 1\\nper dozen.\\n0\\n4 10*\\n0\\n2 6\\nSold at an Auctiomffor\\n0\\n17 1\\n.From 0\\n2\\n6\\nto\\n0\\n4 10*\\nFrom 1\\n8\\n0\\n99\\n2\\n5 6\\n0\\n5 9\\nFrom 0\\n1\\n3\\n99\\n0\\n2 1\\n0\\n2 6\\nMalaga wine, per bottle\\n0\\n4 10*\\n0\\n2 6\\nThese articles were generally\\nsold, according to their size and\\nquality, at most exorbitant rates.\\nThis estimate afterwards underwent some small alteration by the Committee, the wines being\\nfixed, they thought, at too low a price. Beside the articles mentioned under the head of tho\\nBlockade price, the following sold in the course of the siege for the sums annexed to them\\ns. d.\\nA calf s head and feet 1 14 li\\nA calf\u00e2\u0080\u0099s pluck 0 14/i\\nBlind quarter, with the head and tail of an Algerine sheep 7 L) 0\\nHead and feet of a sheep 0 14 71\\nA bullock\u00e2\u0080\u0099s head, without tongue 1 3 4*", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "172\\nAPPENDIX.\\nA bullock\u00e2\u0080\u0099s heart\\nA goat s head\\nOnions, per lb.\\nA cabbage\\nA bunch of cabbage-leav\\nA bunch of carrots and turnips\\nA small bunch of radishes\\nA pint of milk and water\\nA lemon\\nA quill\\nA live pig sold for\\nA large sow in pig sold for upwards of 29\\nbeen purchased in England for 15s., sold\\nmonths old, for near 12/. An English milcli-covv was sold\\nto the seller a pint of milk each day whilst she gave milk\\nA goat, with\\nin the garrison\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n0\\n9\\n9\\n8\\n2\\n1\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n1\\n0\\n0\\n14\\nd.\\n9\\n1 i\\n6\\n7 i\\n5\\n0\u00c2\u00b1\\n5\\n3\\n5\\nG\u00c2\u00b1\\n9\\na young kid, both of which had\\nwhen the latter was about twelve\\nin 1780, for 50 guineas; reserving\\nnd another cow was purchased by\\na Jew for 60 guineas, but the beast was in so feeble a condition, that she dropped down dead\\nbefore she h id lieen removed many hundred yards. If these facts were not thought sufficient\\nto demonstrate the exorbitant prices of every article in the garrison, others could be adduced\\nof equally as surprising a complexion.\\nThe folioicing are the proportions of the Prize-Money, as distributed to the Gar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrison of Gibraltar, from the sums arising from the Head-Money granted\\nby Parliament for destroying the Battering-Ships, and the sale of the St.\\nMichael man-of-war.\\nThe subsequent sums are proportions of 30,000/., which wa9 the sum first divided.\\nThe governor, 1-16th\\nLieutenant-governor\\nMajor-general\\nBrigadier-general\\nColonel\\nLieutenant-colonel\\nMajor\\ns. d.\\n1875 0 0\\n93? 10 0\\n468 15 0\\n267 10 0\\n156 1 0\\n80 16 0\\n57 15 6\\nCaptain\\nLieutenant\\nSecond lieutenant and ensign\\nSerjeant\\nCorporal.\\n1 rivate\\ns. d.\\n43 10 1\\n25 5 6\\n22 0 6\\n3 6 9\\n2 0 lli\\n1 9 1\\nA second Act of Parliament afterwards passed, for granting to the garrison whatever might be\\nfished up from the wrecks of the battering-ships and those employed in this duty proceeded\\nwith such success, that brass and iron cannon, with other articles, were recovered to a con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsiderable value.\\nTwo divisions, of 16,000/. and 8000/., have since been distributed the latter of which, it\\nimagined, will be the last.\\nTHE END.\\nLondon :\u00e2\u0080\u0094Printed by W. Ci.owes and Sons, Stamford Street.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "MR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nCOLONIAL AND HOME LIBRARY.\\nJ HE main object of this undertaking is to furnish the Inhabitants of\\nGreat Britain and her Colonies with the highest Literature of the day,\\nconsisting partly of original Works, and partly of new editions of popular\\nPublications, at the lowest possible price. It is called for in consequence\\nof the Acts which have recently passed the British Parliament for the\\nprotection of the rights of British authors and publishers, by the rigid and\\nentire exclusion of foreign pirated editions. These Acts, if properly\\nenforced, will, for the first time, direct into the right channel the demand\\nof the Colonies for English Literature a demand of which our authors\\nand publishers have hitherto been deprived by the introduction of piracies\\nfrom the United States, France, and Belgium. In order, therefore, that\\nthe highly intelligent and educated population of our Colonies may not\\nsuffer from the withdrawal of their accustomed supplies of books, and\\nwith a view to obviate the complaint, that a check might in consequence\\nbe raised to their intellectual advancement, Mr. Murray has determined\\nto publish a series of attractive and useful works, by approved authors,\\nat a rate which shall place them within reach of the means not only of\\nthe Colonists, but also of a large portion of the less wealthy classes at\\nhome, who will thus benefit by the widening of the market for our lite\u00c2\u00ac\\nrature and the Colonial Library\u00e2\u0080\u0099 will consequently be so conducted that\\nit may claim to be considered as a Library for the Empire.\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Owing to\\nthe very low price placed upon the numbers of this Series, the undertaking\\ncan succeed only if it meets with strenuous support from the Colonial\\nGovernment at home and abroad, in giving effect to the law, and in sup\u00c2\u00ac\\nporting the just rights of British genius, industry, and manufactures, by\\npreventing illicit importation of foreign reprints. It is also necessary\\nfor its progress and success that it be favoured with the patronage of the\\nReading Public in all parts of the British dominions, and the chief aim and\\nobject of the publisher will be to render it worthy of their countenance.\\nMr. Murray\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 1 Colonial Library will furnish the settler in the back-\\nwoods of America, and the occupant of the remotest cantonments of our\\nIndian dominions, with the resources of recreation and instruction, at a\\nmoderate price, together with many new books within a short period of their\\nappearance in England while the student and lover of literature at home,\\nwho has hitherto been content with the loan of a book from a book-club,\\nor has been compelled to wait for its tardy perusal from the shelves of a", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "2 mr. Murray\u00e2\u0080\u0099s colonial and home library.\\ncirculating library, or perhaps has satisfied his curiosity by the scanty\\nextracts in magazines or reviews, may now become possessed of the work\\nitself, at a cost little beyond that entailed by either of the methods above\\nmentioned. He may at the same time lay up a permanent Library in a\\ncondensed and portable form.\\nThe series of Works designed to appear in Mr. Murray\u00e2\u0080\u0099s c Colonial\\nand Home Library will be selected for their acknowledged merit, and\\nwill be exclusively such as are calculated to please the most extensive\\ncircles of readers. They will be printed most carefully, in a superior style,\\nand on good paper.\\nalreafc^ l^ubltsfietr.\\nNOS. 1 AND 2.\\nBORROWS BIBLE IN SPAIN;\\nOR, THE\\nJOURNEYS, ADVENTURES, AND IMPRISONMENTS OF AN ENGLISHMAN IN AN\\nATTEMPT TO CIRCULATE THE SCRIPTURES IN THE PENINSULA.\\nPrice 2s. 6d. each; or hound in cloth, 6s.\\nDifficulties! were they to be deterred from proceeding on that account Let them\\nlook at Mr. Borrow why, if he had suffered himself to be prevented from circulating the\\nBible in Spain by the difficulties he met with, he could never have spread such enlighten\u00c2\u00ac\\nment and information through that country.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sir Robert Peel, in the House of\\nCommons.\\nNos. 3 to 6.\\nBISHOP HEBER\u00e2\u0080\u0099S JOURNAL IN INDIA.\\nPrice 2s. 6d. each or 2 vols., bound in cloth, 12#.\\nBishop Heber\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Journal forms a monument of talent, sufficient, singly and alone,\\nto establish its author in a very high rank of English literature. It is one of the most\\ndelightful books in the language.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Quarterly Review.\\nWe remember Bishop Heber\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Journal as one of the most perfectly charming books we\\never read gentle, tolerant, humane, and full of wisdom a religious book in the best\\nsense of the word, because full of charity. It is lively without effort, and abounds in\\nvaluable judgments of men and things, without one harsh, sarcastic, or illiberal word.\\nWe envy those who have it now in their power to read it for the first time.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Examiner.\\nTO BE FOLLOWED BY\\n1. A LIFE OF LORD CLIVE.\\n2. LIFE OF CRABBE, THE POET.\\n3. THE MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND\\nTHEIR CANALS, RAILROADS, MINES, MILLS, AND WORKS.\\n4. LIFE OF WILLIAM PITT.\\nAnd other Attractive Works, at intervals of One Month.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "NEW EDITIONS\\nOF\\nVALUABLE AND STANDARD WORKS,\\nPUBLISHED BY\\nMR. MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON.\\nHISTORY.\\nVIEW OF THE STATE OF EUROPE DURING THE\\nMIDDLE AGES.\\nBy Henry Hallaai, Esq. Eighth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo, 24#.\\nii.\\nHISTORY OF ENGLAND,\\nFrom the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II.\\nBy Henry IIallam, Esq. Fourth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo, 24#.\\nin.\\nLITERARY HISTORY OF EUROPE,\\nDuring the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries.\\nBy Henry Hallam, Esq. Second Edition. 3 vols. 8vo, 36#.\\niv.\\nTHE POPES OF ROME:\\nTheir Political and Ecclesiastical History during the 16th 17th Centuries.\\nFrom the German of Leopold Ranke.\\nTranslated by Sarah Austin. Second Edition. 3 vols. 8vo, 36#.\\nv.\\nHISTORY OF INDIA,\\nTHE HINDOO AND MAHOMEDAN PERIODS.\\nBy the Hon. Mountstuart Eiphinstone. Second Edition. Map. 2 vols. 8vo, 30#.\\nVI.\\nCOURT OF SPAIN UNDER CHARLES THE SECOND.\\nExtracted from the Correspondence of the Hon. Alexander Stanhope, British\\nMinister at Madrid from 1690 to 1700.\\nBy Lord Mahon, M.P. Second Edition. Post 8vo.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "4\\nMR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIST\\nVII.\\nHISTORY OF ENGLAND,\\nFrom the Death of Queen Anne to the Reign of George the Second.\\nBy Lord Mahon. Second Edition. 3 vols. 8vo, 36s.\\nVIII.\\nHISTORY OF PAINTING,\\nFrom the Age of Constantine the Great to the Present Time.\\nThk Schools op Italy,\\nTranslated from the German of Kugler,\\nBy a Lady and Edited, with Notes, by C. L. Eastlake, R.A. Post 8vo, 12s.\\nBIOGRAPHY.\\nlife of sir Samuel romilly,\\nWritten by Himself with his Letters and Political Diary,\\nEdited by his Sons.\\nThird Edition. Portrait. 2 vols. fcap 8vo, 12s.\\nLIFE AND VOYAGES OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.\\nBy John Barrow, Esq. 8vo, 14s.\\niii.\\nLIFE OF EDWARD GIBBON;\\nWith Selections from his Correspondence, c., and Notes.\\nBy Rev. II. H. Milman, Portrait. 8vo, 9s.\\nIV.\\nLIFE OF LORD BYRON,\\nWith his Letters and Journals.\\nBy Thomas Moore, Esq. New and Cheaper Edition. Portraits. 8vo, 15s.\\nLIFE OF CRABBE, THE POET;\\nWith his Letters and Journals. By his Son. Plates, fcap 8vo, 7s. 6d.\\nvi.\\nLIFE OF SIR DAVID WILKIE;\\nWith his Letters, Journals, and Critical Remarks on Works of Art\\nDuring his Tours in France, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Germany, Turkey,\\nEgypt, and the Holy Land.\\nBy Allan Cunningham, Esq. Portrait. 3 vols. 8vo, 42s.\\nVII.\\nLIFE OF ROBERT BURNS.\\nBy John Gibson Lockhart, Esq. Fourth Edition. Portrait. Fcap 8vo, 6s. 6d.\\nVIII.\\nLIFE OF THE LATE LORD HILL,\\nCommander of the Forces.\\nFrom Authentic Documents, supplied by his Family and Friends.\\nBy Rev. Edwin Sidney 8vo. (Nearly Ready.)", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "OF POPULAR WORKS. 5\\nIX.\\nLIVES OF GALILEO, TYCHO BRAHE, AND KEPLER,\\nTHE MARTYRS OF SCIENCE.\\nBy Sir David Brewster, LL.D., Principal of St. Andrews. 12mo, 7s.\\nx.\\nLIFE OF JAMES WATT.\\nBy M. Arago. Translated from the French, by J. P. Muirhead, M.A. 8vo, 8s. 6d.\\nxr.\\nLIFE OF BELISARIUS.\\nBy Lord Mahon. Map. 8vo, 12s.\\nRELIGION.\\nTHE BOOK OF 1 \u00e2\u0080\u0099THE CHURCH.\\nWith Notes, containing References to the Authorities, and an Index.\\nBy Robert Southey, LL.D. Fifth Edition. 8vo, 12s.\\nir.\\nILLUSTRATIONS OF THE LITURGY AND RITUAL OF\\nTHE CHURCH;\\nBeing Sermons and Discourses selected from the Works of eminent Divines who\\nlived during the Seventeenth Century.\\nBy James Brogden, M. A. 3 vols. post 8vo, 27s.\\nin.\\nEVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY.\\nBy William Sewell, B.D., late Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford.\\nFcap 8vo, 7s. 6d.\\nIV.\\nPARISH SERMONS;\\nOn the Lessons, the Gospel, or the Epistle, for every Sunday and Principal Festival\\nin the Year.\\nBy the late Bishop LIeber. Fifth Edition. 2 vols. post 8vo, 16s.\\nv.\\nHYMNS FOR THE CHURCH SERVICE.\\nAdapted for every Sunday in the Year.\\nBy the late Bishop Heber. Eleventh Edition. 16mo, 2s.\\nvr.\\nTHE NESTORIAN CHRISTIANS, OR LOST TRIBES;\\nWith Sketches of Travel in Ooroomia, Koordistan, Ancient Assyria, and Media.\\nWith Illustrations of Scripture Prophecy, and evidence of their identity\\nwith the Lost Tribes of Israel.\\nBy Asahel Grant, M.D. Third Edition. Map. Fcap 8vo, 6s.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "6 MR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIST\\nVlf.\\nPSALMS AND HYMNS FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP,\\nSelected and arranged, and adapted to the various Solemnities of the Church.\\nBy Rev. W. B. Holland, M.A., Perpetual Curate of Walmer.\\n24mo, cloth Price Is. 6d.\\nClergymen wishing to introduce this Selection will have an allowance made them.\\nVIII.\\nEXPLANATION OF THE SACRAMENTS,\\nAnd .the occasional Rites and Ceremonies of the Church of England.\\nBy A Lady. Fcap 8vo, 5s. 6d.\\nON THE SACRAMENT OF THE LORD\u00e2\u0080\u0099S SUPPER,\\nWith Directions as to the proper Mode of Receiving it.\\nBy Rev. F. Sullivan, A.M. 16mo, 1#.\\nHISTORY OF JOSIAH.\\nBy the Author of Gideon, the Man of Mighty Valour.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Fcap 8vo, 45. 6 d.\\npoetry-\\nlord BYRON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S POETICAL WORKS.\\nWith Portrait and Plates. 10 vols. 18mo, 25. 6d. each.\\nLORD BYRON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S POETICAL WORKS.\\nWith Portrait and View of Newstead Abbey. Complete in one volume.\\nNew and cheaper Edition. Royal 8vo, 155.\\nLORD\\n1. Giaour.\\n2. Bride of Abydos.\\n3. Corsair.\\n4. Lara.\\n5. Siege of Corinth.\\nhi.\\nBYRON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S TALES.\\n(pocket edition.)\\n6. Beppo.\\n7. Mazeppa.\\n8. Island.\\n9. Parisina.\\n10. Prisoner of Chillcn.\\n2 vols. 24mo, 5s. or separately, 6 d. each.\\nLORD\\n1. Manfred.\\n2. Marino Faliero.\\n3. Heaven and Earth.\\n4. Sardanapalus.\\nBYRON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S DRAMAS.\\n(POCKET EDITION.)\\n5. Two Foscari.\\n6. Deformed Transformed.\\n7. Cain.\\n8. Werner.\\n2 vols. 24mo, Is. or separately at 6d. and 15. each.\\nLORD BYRON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S CHILDE HAROLD.\\n(POCKET EDITION.)\\nWith Engraved Title-page. 24mo, 2s. 6d.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "OF POPULAR WORKS,\\nVI.\\nTHE POETICAL WORKS OF CRABBE.\\nContaining The Library, The Borough, Parish Register, Tales ok the Hall,\\nThe Village, Posthumous Tales,\\nWith his Letters and Journals. By his Son. Plates. 8 vols. fcap 8vo, 40s.\\nVII.\\nBEAUTIES OF THE BRITISH POETS;\\nWith Biographical and Critical Notices, and an Essay on English Poetry.\\nBy Thomas Campbell, Esq.\\nThird and Cheaper Edition. Portrait and Vignette. Royal 8vo, 15s.\\nVIII.\\nPALESTINE, EUROPE, THE RED SEA,\\nAND OTHER POEMS.\\nBy the late Bishop Heber. Second Edition. Portrait. Fcap 8vo, Is. Gd.\\nIX.\\nFALL OF JERUSALEM, BELSHAZZAR, MARTYR OF\\nANTIOCH, SAMOR, ANN BOLEYN,\\nAND OTHER POEMS.\\nBy Rev. H. H. Milman. Second Edition. With Notes and Illustrations.\\n3 vols. fcap 8vo, 18s.\\nPOPULAR TRAVELS.\\nTHE BIBLE IN SPAIN;\\nOr, the Journeys, Adventures, and Imprisonments of an Englishman in an\\nAttempt to Circulate the Scriptures in the Peninsula.\\nBy George Borrow, Esq., late Agent to the British and Foreign Bible Society.\\nFifteenth Thousand. Post 8vo, 6s.\\nii.\\nLETTERS FROM CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES;\\nWritten during a Journey in North America.\\nBy John Robert Godley, Esq. 2 vols. post 8vo.\\nhi.\\nFOREST SCENES AND INCIDENTS IN THE WILDS OF\\nCANADA.\\nBy Sir George Head. Second Edition. Post 8vo, 10$.\\nIV.\\nRAPID JOURNEYS ACROSS THE PAMPAS AND AMONG\\nTHE ANDES.\\nBy Sir Francis B. Head, Bart. Third Edition. Post 8vo, 9.*. 6d.\\nLETTERS FROM MADRAS;\\nOr, First Impressions of Manners and Society in India, during a\\nThree Years\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Residence.\\nBy a Lady. Post 8vo, 9s. 6d.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "8 MR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIST\\nVI.\\nFIFTY DAYS ON BOARD A SLAYE-SHIP\\nIn the Mozambique Channel.\\nBy Rev. Pascoe Grenfell Hill, Chaplain of H.M.S. Cleopatra. With a Map.\\nFcap 8vo, 3 s.6d.\\nVII.\\nMODERN EGYPT AND THEBES:\\nBeing a Description of Egypt; including the information required for Travellers in\\nthat Country.\\nBy Sir Gardner Wilkinson. Woodcuts and Map. 2 vols. 8vo, 4 2s.\\nVIII,\\nVISIT TO THE IONIAN ISLANDS, ATHENS, AND\\nTHE MOREA.\\nBy Edward Giffard, Esq. With Views. Post 8vo, 12 s.\\nIX.\\nA BACKWOODSMAN\u00e2\u0080\u0099S ACCOUNT OF UPPER CANADA;\\nFor the Use of Emigrants. Third Edition. Fcap 8vo, Is. 6rf.\\nx.\\nA JOURNEY THROUGH ARABIA PETRiEA, MOUNT\\nSINAI, to the EXCAVATED CITY OF PETRA,\\nTHE EDOM OF THE PROPHECIES.\\nBy M. Leon de Laborde. Second Edition. Plates. 8vo, 18#.\\nXI.\\nTRAVELS IN NEW ZEALAND\\nWith Contributions to the Geography, Geology, Botany, and Natural History of the\\nIslands.\\nBy Ernest Dieffenbach, M.D., Naturalist to the New Zealand Company.\\nWith Plates. 2 vols. 8vo, 24#.\\nXII.\\nEXCURSIONS IN NEWFOUNDLAND\\nWith an Account of the Cod Fishery\u00e2\u0080\u0094Fog Banks\u00e2\u0080\u0094Sealing Expeditions, c.\\nBy J. B. Jukes, Esq., Geological Surveyor of Newfoundland.\\nWith a Map. 2 vols. Post 8vo, 21#.\\nXIII.\\nJAPAN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.\\nDescribed from the Accounts of Recent Dutch Travellers. Post 8vo, 9s. 6d.\\nXIV.\\nJOURNAL OF AN AFFGHAN PRISONER,\\nWith a Narrative of the Military Operations at Cabul, which ended in the Retreat\\nand Destruction of the British Army, January, 1842.\\nBy Lieut. Vincent Eyre, Bengal Artillery.\\nSeventh Thousand. With a Plan of the Cantonments. Post 8vo, 12#.\\nxv.\\nA JOURNAL OF THE DISASTERS IN AFFGHANISTAN.\\nBy Lady Sale. Eighth Thousand. With Plan. Post 8vo, 12#.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "OF POPULAR WORKS. 9\\nXVI.\\nVOYAGE TO NEW SOUTH WALES\\nIn an Emigrant Ship, with a Residence in Sydney and the Bcsh, and the\\nRoute Home by way of Egypt and India.\\nBy John IIood, Esq. 8vo, 14.?.\\nXVII.\\nBUBBLES FROM THE BRUNNEN OF NASSAU.\\nBy Sir Francis B. Head, Bart. Sixth Edition. 16mo, 5s.\\nXVIII.\\nA HOME TOUR THROUGH ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND\\nIRELAND,\\nThe Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.\\nBy Sir George Head. Third Edition. 2 vols. post 8vo, 12s.\\nXIX*\\nA NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS THROUGH INDIA,\\nWith Notes upon Ceylon, c.\\nBy the late Bishop Heber. Fifth Edition. 2 vols. post 8vo, 12s.\\nART AND SCIENCE.\\nHAND-BOOK OF NEEDLEWORK.\\nBeing a Complete Guide to every kind of Decorative Needlework, Crochet, Knitting,\\nand Netting, with a brief Historical Account of each Art.\\nBy Miss Lambert. Third Edition. 115 Woodcuts. Post 8vo, 10s. Gd.\\nii.\\nMY KNITTING-BOOK.\\nContaining Examples selected with the greatest care, and arranged so as to render\\nthem easy to a novice in the Art.\\nBy Miss Lambert. Authoress of the \u00e2\u0080\u009cHand-book of Needlework.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThird Edition. Woodcuts. lGmo, Is. 6d.\\nin.\\nCONNEXION OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES.\\nBy Mary Somerville. Sixth Edition. Fcap 8vo, 10s. 6d.\\nIV.\\nFACTS TO ASSIST THE MEMORY IN VARIOUS\\nSCIENCES.\\nNew Edition. Fcap 8vo, 6s. 6d.\\nv.\\nCHEMICAL MANIPULATION;\\nBeing Instructions to Students in Chemistry, on the Methods of performing\\nExperiments of Demonstration or Research, with accuracy and success.\\nBy Michael Faraday, F.R.S. Third Edition. 8vo, 18s.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "10 MR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIST\\nAGRICULTURE.\\ni.\\nTHE FARMER\u00e2\u0080\u0099S ANNUAL ACCOUNT BOOK,\\nArranged on New and Easy Principles.\\nBy the Author of British Husbandry.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Imperial 4to, 10$.\\nii.\\nLAND DRAINAGE, SUBSOIL, PLOUGHING, AND\\nIRRIGATION.\\nBy the Author of British Husbandry.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Second Edition. 8ro, 2s.\\nm.\\nTHE MUCK MANUAL, FOR THE USE OF FARMERS.\\nA Practical Treatise on the Chemical Nature and Value of Animal and\\nVegetable Manures.\\nBy F. Falkner, Esq., and the Author of British Husbandry.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nMuck is the Mother of Money.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nFcap 8vo, 6s. 6d.\\nNATURAL PHILOSOPHY-\\ni.\\nON THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE MORAL FEELINGS.\\nBy John Abercrombie, M.D. Sixth Edition. Fcap 8vo. 5 s\\nn.\\nON THE INTELLECTUAL POWERS AND THE\\nINVESTIGATION OF TRUTH,\\nBy John Abercrombie, M.D. Tenth Edition. Post 8vo, price 8$. 6 d\\nNATURAL HISTORY.\\nNORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY;\\nWith a Journal of a Tour in 1841-2. By Charles Lyell, Esq.\\nWith Illustrations. 8vo.\\nii.\\nELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY;\\nOr, the Ancient Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants.\\nBy Charles Lyell, F.G.S.\\nSecond Edition. With 400 Woodcuts, c. 2 vols. 12mo, 18$.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "OF POPULAR WORKS. 11\\nin.\\nPRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY;\\nOr, the Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants.\\nBy Charles Lyell, F.G.S.\\nSixth Edition. With 250 Woodcuts, c. 3 vols. 12mo, 24 s.\\nIV.\\nSCENES TALES OF COUNTRY LIFE,\\nWith Recollections of Natural History and Local Scenery.\\nBy Edward Jesse, Esq. Woodcuts. Post 8vo, 12s.\\nv.\\nGLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY.\\nWith Anecdotes of the Sagacity and Instinct of Animals.\\nBy Edward Jesse, Esq.\\nFifth Edition. With Woodcuts. Fcap 8vo, 6s. 6 d.\\nVI.\\nJOURNAL OF A NATURALIST.\\nFourth Edition, with Woodcuts. Post 8vo, 9s. 6d.\\nSPORTING.\\ni.\\nTHE CHASE\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE TURF\u00e2\u0080\u0094AND THE ROAD.\\nBy Nimrod. Second Edition, with Plates by Alken and Gilbert. Post 8vo, 9s. 6 i.\\nii.\\nART OF DEER-STALKING;\\nIllustrated by a few Days\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Sport in the Forest of Atholl.\\nBy William Scrope, F.L.S. Plates by Edwin and Charles Landseer, R.A.\\nSecond Edition. Royal 8vo, 21. 2s.\\ni u.\\nDAYS AND NIGHTS OF SALMON FISHING IN THE\\nTWEED.\\nWith a short Account of the Natural History and Habits of the Salmon.\\nBy William Scrope, F.L.S.\\nWith Illustrations by Sir David Wilkie, Edwin and Charles Landseer, William\\nSimson, and Edward Cooke, c.\\nRoyal 8vo, 21. 2s.\\nIV.\\nMAXIMS AND HINTS ON ANGLING, CHESS, SHOOTING,\\nAND OTHER MATTERS.\\nBy Richard Penn, F.R.S. Second Edition. With 24 Plates. Fcap 8vo, 5s.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "12\\nMR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIST\\nv.\\nSALMONIA or, THE DAYS OF FLY-FISHING.\\nBy the late Sir Humphry Davy. Fourth Edition. Fcap 8vo, 12s.\\nVI.\\nTHE MOOR AND THE LOCH;\\nWith Practical Hints on Highland Sports, and the Habits ok the Different\\nCreatures of Game and Prey\\nWith Instructions in River, Burn, and Loch Fishing.\\nBy John Colquhoun, Esq. Second Edition. Plates. 8vo, 9s. 6d.\\nRURAL AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY.\\nI.\\nFARMING FOR LADIES;\\nOr, INSTRUCTIONS FOR REARING ALL SORTS OF DOMESTIC POULTRY:\\nTogether with the best mode of Managing the Dairy and Piggery, and useful\\nHints on the Rural Economy of Small Families.\\nBy the Author of British Husbandry.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Woodcuts. Fcap 8vo, 8s.\\nii.\\nGARDENING FOR LADIES.\\nWith Practical Instructions and Directions for every Month in the Year and a\\nCalendar of Operations.\\nBy Mrs. Loudon. Sixth Edition. Woodcuts. Fcap 8vo, 6s.\\nhi.\\nMODERN BOTANY FOR LADIES.\\nA Popular Introduction to the Natural System and Classification of Plants.\\nBy Mrs. Loudon. With 150 Woodcuts. Fcap 8vo, 8s.\\nIV.\\nNEW SYSTEM OF DOMESTIC COOKERY,\\nSuited to the present advanced state of the Art, but founded upon principles of\\neconomy and practical knowledge, and adapted to the use of Private Families.\\nBy Mrs. Rundell.\\nThe 67th Edition, improved by the addition of 9 00 new Receipts, and a Chapter on\\nIndian Cookery. By the late Emma Roberts. Fcap 8vo, 6s.\\nOf this Work more than 310,000 copies have been sold.\\nv.\\nNEW FAMILY RECEIPT-BOOK;\\nA Collection of a Thousand valuable Receipts in various Branches\\nof Domestic Economy.\\nNew Edition. Fcap 8vo, 5s. 6cf.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "OF POPULAR WORKS.\\n13\\nWORKS OF AMUSEMENT INSTRUCTION,\\nADAPTED FOR YOUNG PERSONS.\\ni.\\nMRS. MARKHAM\u00e2\u0080\u0099S HISTORY OF ENGLAND,\\nFrom the First Invasion by the Romans, to the end of the Reign of\\nWilliam the Fourth.\\nTenth Edition, with Woodcuts. 2.VOIS. 12mo, 12*.\\nii.\\nMRS. MARKHAM\u00e2\u0080\u0099S HISTORY OF FRANCE,\\nIrom the Conquest of Gaul by Julius Cjesar, to the Reign of Louis -Philippe.\\nFifth Edition, with Woodcuts. 2vols. 12mo, 12*.\\niii.\\nBERTHA\u00e2\u0080\u0099S JOURNAL\\nDURING A VISIT TO HER UNCLE IN ENGLAND.\\nComprising a Variety of interesting and amusing Information.\\nFifth Edition 12mo, 7 s. 6d.\\nIV.\\nPHILOSOPHY IN SPORT MADE SCIENCE IN EARNEST;\\nOr Natural Philosophy explained by the aid of the ordinary Toys and\\nSports of Youth.\\nFifth Edition. With 100 Woodcuts. Fcap 8vo, 8*.\\nv.\\nTHE JEWESS:\\nA TALE, FROM THE SHORES OF THE BALTIC.\\nBy a Lady. Second Edition. With Portrait. Fcap 8vo, 4*. 6d.\\nVI.\\nPUSS IN BOOTS.\\nSuited to the Tastes of Little and Grown Children. By Otto Speckter, the\\nGerman Artist. With 12 Illustrations. Small 4to, 7*. 6d.\\nVII.\\nSTORIES FROM THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND,\\nFOR CHILDREN.\\nThirteenth Edition. 18mo, 3s.\\nVIII.\\nELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN.\\nBy the Author of Stories for Children.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThird Edition. 12mo, 2s.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "14\\nMR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIST\\nIX.\\nGOSPEL STORIES;\\nAn Attempt to render the chief Events of the Life of Our Saviour intelligible\\nto Young Children.\\nSecond Edition. 18mo, 3s. 6d.\\nx.\\nLITTLE ARTHUR\u00e2\u0080\u0099S HISTORY OF ENGLAND.\\nBy the late Lady Callcott.\\nSixth Edition. With Woodcuts, 18mo, 3s.\\nXI.\\nYEAR BOOK OF NATURAL HISTORY.\\nArranged for every Month.\\nBy Mrs. Loudon. With 40 Woodcuts. 18mo, 45.\\nXII.\\nHISTORY OF THE LATE WAR;\\nWith Sketches of Nelson, Wellington, and Napoleon.\\n8mo, 25. 6d.\\nXIII.\\nSENTENCES FROM THE PROVERBS,\\nIn English, French, Italian, and German.\\nArranged for the Daily Use of Young Persons.\\nBy a Lady. 16mo, 35. 6 i.\\nSCHOOL BOOKS.\\ni.\\nINTRODUCTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE GREEK\\nCLASSIC POETS,\\nBy Henry Nelson Coleridge, M.A. Second Edition. Fcap 8vo, Is. 6d.\\nii.\\nPUBLIC PRIVATE LIFE OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS.\\nTranslated from the German of Henry Hase. Fcap 8vo, 5s. 6d.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "OF POPULAR WORKS. 15\\nin.\\nGREEK VERBS, THEIR FORMATIONS, IRREGULARITIES,\\nAND DEFECTS.\\nBy A. N. Cabmichael, Classical Master of the Edinburgh Academy. Post 8vo, 8$. 6d.\\nIV.\\nMATTHIAS SHORTER GREEK GRAMMAR.\\nTranslated by Blomfield.\\nSeventh Edition, revised, by Edwards. 12mo, 3#.\\nGRAECiE GRAMMATICiE V RUDIMENTA IN USUM\\nSCHOLARUM.\\nFifth Edition, including the Syntax. 12mo, 5s.\\nVI.\\nGRJECAE GRAMMATICS RUDIMENTA IN USUM\\nSCHOLARUM.\\nPars posterior, sive Syntaxis. 12mo, 2s.\\nvn.\\nRUDIMENTA GRSCA MINORA IN USUM SCHOLARUM.\\nEditio altera ad disciplinam Etonensem accommodata. 12mo, Is. 6d.\\nVIII.\\nLATINS GRAMMATICS RUDIMENTA.\\n12mo, 3s. 6d.\\nThis Grammar is intended to serve also as an English Latin Grammar and a\\nLatin Exercise Book and being based on that enjoined by the Royal Founder of\\nso many noted Grammar Schools in England, and many of his Successors, is called\\nKing Edward YIth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Latin Grammar.\\nIt is printed in the same size as the Gr^cje Grammatical Rudimenta, to which\\nreferences are made throughout the volume.\\nx.\\nENGLISH NOTES FOR LATIN ELEGIACS;\\nDesigned for early proficients in the Art of Latin Versification, with Prefatory\\nRules of Composition in Elegiac Metre. By the Rev. W. Oxenham, M.A., Second\\nMaster of Harrow School. 12mo, 45.\\nx.\\nGRAMMAR OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE,\\nFor Beginners as well as the more advanced Learner. By G. M. Heilner. 12mo, 105.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "16 MR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIST OF POPULAR WORKS.\\nMR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nHAND-BOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS.\\nMalta and the East.\\nTHE IONIAN ISLANDS, GREECE, TURKEY, ASIA MINOR,\\nand CONSTANTINOPLE. With Maps. Post8vo, 15$.\\nModern Egypt and Thebes.\\nBEING A DESCRIPTION OF EGYPT, THEBES, OTHER\\nPLACES. With Directions for Travellers. By Sir Gardner Wilkinson.\\nWith Map. 2 vols. 8vo, 42#.\\nNorthern Italy.\\nSTATES OF SARDINIA, GENOA, THE RIVIERA, VENICE,\\nLOMBARDY, and TUSCANY. With Map. Post 8vo, 12s.\\nCentral Italy and Rome.\\nTHE PAPAL STATES, AND THE CITIES OF ETRURIA.\\nWith Map. Post 8vo, 15s.\\nItaly.\\nGUIDE TO SCHOOLS OF ART AND COLLECTIONS OF\\nPAINTINGS ON THE CONTINENT. Italy\u00e2\u0080\u0094From the Age of\\nConstantine the Great to the Present Time. From the German of Kugler.\\nPost 8vo, 12s.\\nSpain.\\nANDALUSIA, GRANADA, CATALONIA, c. With Maps.\\n2 vols. post 8vo. (Nearly Ready.)\\nFrance and the Pyrenees.\\nNORMANDY, BRITTANY THE RIVERS LOIRE, SEINE,\\nRHONE, and GARONNE the FRENCH ALPS. DAUPHINE, PRO\u00c2\u00ac\\nVENCE, and the PYRENEES. With 5 Maps. Post 8vo, 12s.\\nSwitzerland.\\nTHE ALPS OF SAVOY AND PIEDMONT. With Map.\\nPost 8vo, 10s.\\nNorthern Germany.\\nHOLLAND, BELGIUM, PRUSSIA, and the RHINE to SWIT\u00c2\u00ac\\nZERLAND, With Map. Post 8vo, 12s.\\nSouthern Germany.\\nBAVARIA, AUSTRIA, TYROL, SALZBURG, STYRIA AUS\u00c2\u00ac\\nTRIAN and BAVARIAN ALPS; the DANUBE, from ULM to the\\nBLACK SEA. With Map. Post 8vo, 10s.\\nNorthern Europe.\\nDENMARK, NORWAY, SWEDEN, AND RUSSIA. With\\nMaps and Plans. Post 8vo, 12s.\\n[.BRADBURY AND RYANS, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.]", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "0\\nNo. VIII.\\nBetn catetr, is Remission,\\nTO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD STANLEY,\\nSecretary of State for the Colonies;\\nAND THE RIGHT HONOURABLE W. E. GLADSTONE,\\nPresident of the Board of Trade.\\nMURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nCOLONIAL AND HOME LIBRARY.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00bai/.\\nDRIN KWATER\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nSIEGE OF GIBRALTAR.\\nLONDON:\\nJOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.\\nPrice Half-a-Crown,\\nm v\\nCJjOWES AND SONS,]\\n[STAMFORD STREET-", "height": "3386", "width": "2028", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "NEW HOC\\nWORKS I\\nClass\\nBook\\nUNTRY,\\nEASON,\\nAMERICA.\\nTHEBES.\\n[IE.\\nLTAR, 2s. 6d.\\nxiyuxi x kj\\nl uvxiiAn*\\nTWISS\u00e2\u0080\u0099S LIFE\\nFEATHERSTO\\nSCROPE\u00e2\u0080\u0099S ME\\nWILKINSON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nCUNNINGHA]\\nHOUSTON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S C\\ndrinkwate:\\nSTEPHENS\u00e2\u0080\u0099 L,v,\\nIRBY AND MANGLES\u00e2\u0080\u0099 TRAVELS IN THE EAST, 2s. 6d.\\nMAHON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (LORD) HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. IV.\\nHAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S WILD TRIBES and ANIMALS of WESTERN BARBARY, 2s. 6d.\\nABELL\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (MRS.) RECOLLECTIONS OF NAPOLEON, 10s. 6d.\\nAMBER WITCH (THE), 2s. 6d.\\nLOCKHART S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.\\nGODLEY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S CANADA and the UNITED STATES, 16 s.\\nJESSE S SCENES AND TALES OF COUNTRY LIFE, 12s.\\nLETTERS FROM THE SHORES OF THE BALTIC, 2s. 6d.\\nFARMING FOR LADIES\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE POULTRY YARD, DAIRY, c., 8s.\\nLAMBERT\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (MISS) CHURCH NEEDLEWORK, 9s. 6d.\\nGREENHOW\u00e2\u0080\u0099S OREGON, CALIFORNIA, c.\\nHILL\u00e2\u0080\u0099S FIFTY DAYS IN A SLAVE SHIP, 3s. 6d.\\nBELL (SIR CHARLES) ON THE ANATOMY OF EXPRESSION, 21s.\\nTAYLOR\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (WM.) LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE WITH SOUTHEY.\\nMAHON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (LORD) SPAIN UNDER CHARLES THE SECOND, 6s. 6d.\\nBORROW\u00e2\u0080\u0099S BIBLE IN SPAIN, 5s.\\nHEBER\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (BISHOP) INDIAN JOURNALS, 10s.\\nSPECKTER\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (OTTO) PUSS IN BOOTS, 7s. 6 d.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "FOR TRAVELLERS ON THE CONTINENT, c\\nMR. MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S HANDBOOKS.\\n1. HANDBOOK FOR NORTH GERMANY AND THE RHINE, 125.\\n2. HANDBOOK FOR SOUTH GERMANY AND THE TYROL, 10s.\\n3. HANDBOOK FOR SWITZERLAND, SAVOY, AND PIEDMONT, 10s.\\n4. HANDBOOK FOR FRANCE AND THE PYRENEES, 12s.\\n5. HANDBOOK FOR MALTA AND THE EAST, 15s.\\n6. HANDBOOK FOR EGYPT AND THEBES, 42s.\\n7. HANDBOOK FOR NORTHERN ITALY AND VENICE, 12s.\\n8. HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY AND ROME, 15s.\\n9. HANDBOOK FOR THE SCHOOLS OF PAINTING\u00e2\u0080\u0094ITALY, 12s.\\n10. HANDBOOK FOR RUSSIA, SWEDEN, NORWAY, AND DEN\u00c2\u00ac\\nMARK, 12s.\\n11. HANDBOOK FOR SPAIN, ANDALUCIA, c. (Just Ready.)\\n12. HANDBOOK OF TRAVEL-TALK.\\nCLARK (SIR JAMES) ON THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE, 10s. 6 d.\\nRIDE THROUGH FRANCE AND SWITZERLAND TO FLORENCE, 18s.\\nKNIGHT\u00e2\u0080\u0099S ARCHITECTURAL TOUR IN NORMANDY, 9s. 6d\\nPARIS S THREE MONTHS\u00e2\u0080\u0099 WANDERINGS in the PYRENEES, 10s. 6 d.\\nBUBBLES FROM THE BRUNNEN OF NASSAU, 5s.\\nBARROW\u00e2\u0080\u0099S AUSTRIAN LOMBARDY, TYROL, AND BAVARIA, 10s. 6d.\\nTAYLOR\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (MISS) LETTERS FROM ITALY, 17s.\\nVENABLES\u00e2\u0080\u0099 DOMESTIC SCENES IN RUSSIA, 9s. 6 d.\\nMILFORD\u00e2\u0080\u0099S NORWAY AND HER LAPLANDERS, 10s. 6d.\\nGROSVENOR\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (LADY) YACHT VOYAGE, 28s.\\nGIFFARD S IONIAN ISLANDS, ATHENS, AND THE MOREA, 12s.\\nLABORDE\u00e2\u0080\u0099S ARABIA PETRJEA, MOUNT SINAI, c., 18s.\\nWORDSWORTH\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (DR.) TOUR IN ATHENS AND ATTICA, 12s.\\nFELLOWS S EXCURSIONS IN ASIA MINOR.\\nROBINSON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S (DR.) PALESTINE, ARABIA PETRiEA, c., 45s.\\nHAMILTON\u00e2\u0080\u0099S ASIA MINOR, PONTUS, AND ARMENIA, 38s.\\nKINNEAR\u00e2\u0080\u0099S CAIRO, PETRA, AND DAMASCUS, 9s. 6d.", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "MURRAY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nCOLONIAL AND HOME LIBRA]\\n1\\nif\\nNo. IX.\\nWESTERN BARBARY:\\nITS\\nWILD TRIBES AND SAVAGE ANIMALS,\\nWas Published on May 31s/.\\nTO BE FOLLOWED BY\\nSTORY OF THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO.\\nMANUFACTURING DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND;\\nTHEIR CANALS, RAILROADS, MINES, MILLS, C. V\\nAnd other Attractive Works at intervals of One Month,", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3308", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3262", "width": "1982", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3262", "width": "1982", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3262", "width": "1982", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "Library of Congress\\nBranch Bindery, 1902", "height": "3262", "width": "1982", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3404", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "historyofsiegeof00beth_0210.jp2"}}