{"1": {"fulltext": "l\\\\-\\nDS\\nHas", "height": "3355", "width": "2151", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3355", "width": "2151", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "2090", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3313", "width": "2041", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "2029", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "IMPERIAL MONUMENT RAISED TO THE MEMORY OF THE\\nFAITHFUL WIDOW, HE MEL", "height": "3313", "width": "2041", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "Another China\\nNOTES ON THE CELESTIAL EMPIRE\\nAS VIEWED BY A CATHOLIC BISHOP\\nBY THE P^0\\\\^ ^A^f^/\\nRIGHT REVEREND MONSEIGNEUR REYNAUD, CM.\\nVicar Apostolic of the District of Tche-Kiaiig.\\nMttb JUustratlons\\nEDITED BY\\nM. T. KELLY,\\nA^\\nDUBLIN\\nBROWNE NOLAN, Limited; M H. GILL SON.\\nLONDON: BURNS OATES, LIMITED.\\nNEW YORK. CINCINNATI, CHICAGO: BENZIGER BROTHERS.\\n1897.", "height": "3306", "width": "2029", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "a.^o s^v\\ne c- o e-\\ne e c\\ne -\u00c2\u00bb-0\u00c2\u00ae\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb e-", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nPAGE\\nI. Fore-Word _ _ _ i\\nII. False Notions about China 5\\nIII.^ A Few Facts and Figures 11\\nIV. Obstacles to the Spread of the Faith 2\\nV. Protestant and Catholic Missions 30\\nVI. A Word for the Chinaman 41\\nVII. Chinese Language and Institutions 49\\nVIII. Some Virtues of the Chinese 58\\nIX.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Native Catholic Body 64\\nX. Our Future Prospects Evidence of the Mis-\\nsionaries 76\\nXI. Our Workers and their Wants 88\\nXII. Parting Words _ _ _ 100\\nILLUSTRATIONS.\\nImperial Monument raised to the memory of the\\nfaithful widow, He-Mei Frontispiece\\nHospice of Aged Women at Ning-Po {Sisters of Charity) 15\\nThe Boys School at Ning-Po (Sisters of Charity) 25\\nChurch of St. Paul, Wenchow 33\\nBrass Band of the Petit Seminaire, Chu-San 49\\nNative Priests of the 7 che-Kiang Vicariate 65\\nGroup of the Chu Family, Ning-Po 72\\nCommunity of the Virgins of Purgatory 92", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "This Utile u ork is issued by the Avch-Confratevnity of\\nSt. jfoseph, Protector of the Souls in Purgatory.\\nAny profits arising from the sale will he devoted to the education\\nof St. jfoseph s Yo7mg Priests for China.", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "L\\nFORE WORD.\\nChina has frequently been described in English by\\npersons representing various interests, and therefore\\nviewing the country through many-coloured glasses.\\nDiplomatists and missionaries have had their word to\\nsay, as also traders and tourists, ethnologists, and\\nstrategists. Nor has the picture of the Celestials,\\ndrawn by these combined authorities, been a flattering\\none. Probably the prevailing impression left on the\\nEnglish mind is that the inhabitants of China are a\\nvillainous crew, a disgrace to humanity, as well as a\\nmenace to civilization, and good for nothing, except\\nto be held up by superior people as an everlasting\\nmockery./\\nFrom This view, Monseigneur Reynaud differs pro-\\nfoundly. He has lived with the people, to some extent\\nas one of themselves, and it is his belief that of the\\nChina of the Catholic missionaries many good things\\nought to be uttered. He feels, moreover, that it would\\n/V^", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "2 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nbe to the no slight advantage of his cause that a larger\\nand truer view of the prospects of Catholicity should\\nprevail, and more especially among the English-speaking\\nraces. Having recently arrived in Europe, on his visit\\nto the Holy See, and in order to advance the interests\\nof the flock committed to his care, he has prepared the\\nfollowing notes to be published simultaneously, and\\nwith identical illustrations, in France, and in this\\ncountry.\\nAs is natural, the remarks of the Bishop chiefly refer\\nto his own district, the Apostolic Vicariate of Tche-\\nKiang, which, though of recent formation as a distinct\\necclesiastical territory, is not without relative importance.\\nThe episcopal residence is in the city of Ning-Po, a\\nlarge seaport some hundred miles to the south of\\nShang-Hai, and more or less under British protection.\\nMany Europeans are living there, and on the whole\\nthings are better frorA a European point of view than in\\nplaces further up the country. Even the Catholics at\\nNing-Po are comparatively well ofl especially as to the\\nnumber of the Catechumens. Thus the reader will do\\nwell to bear in mind that when Monseigneur Reynaud\\nspeaks favourably of his own surroundings, we may not\\nalways apply his statements, at least in an equal degree,\\nto the whole of China. This immense territory, we\\nmust never forget, contains eighteen vast provinces,\\neach of which is really like a small kingdom in extent.\\nThe soil in different parts varies much, so do the", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "FORE^WORa 3\\ncustoms, and even the religions, of the people so that\\nwhat is true of one part is not necessarily true of the\\nrest and the differences between North and South\\nChina are to be specially noted.\\nNotwithstanding the above limitations, it is almost\\nself-evident that for gaining a clear and vivid idea of\\nwhat life in China really is, a truthful and unimpassioned\\naccount of a single locality from a good authority, is\\nworth a great deal of vague and declamatory writing\\nfrom those who imagine they know all about this vast\\nextent of country, but who have neither thrown in their\\nlot with the people, nor even really dwelt among them.\\nAnd if our authority should, upon closer acquaintance,\\nreveal himself as something of an enthusiast for the\\nChinese he would be the last to resent this accusation\\nyet, will it not be only too easy for the reader to find in\\nthe literature of the subject many a corrective for a too\\nfavourable impression of the Heathen Chinee\\nIn preparing the English version, the Editor has\\ndeparted but slightly from the original, and has only\\nventured to make to it a few trifling additions. Such\\nas have been made consist principally of extracts\\nfrom the latest English authorities on China. In many\\ncases they appear to confirm Monseigneur Reynaud s\\nstatements remarkably, and as they are chiefly Protestant\\nwriters, they will naturally carry great weight with\\nEnglish and Irish readers, and possibly will add in no\\nslight degree to their interest in the notes.", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "4 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nThe aim of the work is a practical one. It is intended\\nnot merely to show that the gradual conversion of China\\nis no chimerical undertaking, but also to insist on the\\ngreat and pressing need that exists for priests to put\\ntheir hand to the task. May it quicken zeal in\\nmany an English or an Irish heart to come to the rescue\\nof these poor abandoned souls, either by a life s devotion,\\nor, where that cannot be given, by help to such as will\\ngive it.", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "FALSE NOTIONS ABOUT CHINA,\\nIL\\nFALSE NOTIONS ABOUT CHINA.\\nThe inquiry has frequently been made, if it can be\\npossible to convert to Christianity a nation like the\\nChinese, who are supposed to be devoid of all morahty,\\nand to be endowed with the most villainous disposition.\\nThe falsity of this opinion must now be shown, and In\\norder to do this thoroughly, it Is necessary to speak of the\\nprejudices against the Chinamen, of the local difficulties\\nthat Impede missionary labour, and then to point out\\nnumerous and consoling reasons that lead us to hope\\nfor the increase and the prosperity of the Catholic\\nmissions In China.\\nThe reputation of the Chinese, extremely bad in\\nEurope, Is particularly so In England, even among\\nthe Catholics who acquiesce in the universal opinion\\nthat in such a land as China, missionary labour Is\\nalmost useless, as the natives of the Celestial Empire\\nare Incapable of conversion, and that those who are\\nneophytes are no better than baptized pagans, posses-\\nsing little faith and many vices. The missionaries are\\nonly to be pitied, wasting their time, and often shedding", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "6 ANOTHER CHINA.\\ntheir blood, in such unprofitable labour. Consequently,\\non the strength of this widely spread delusion, it is no\\nlonger the fashion to assist the Chinese missions, and\\nalms are bestowed elsewhere.\\nThese false ideas about China do not proceed from\\nthe Catholic missionaries, among whom there is at\\npresent but one English-speaking priest, but rather\\nfrom the traders, the diplomatists, and the Protestant\\nministers of Great Britain, all forming a numerous\\nlegion in China. The laity, drawing their conclusions\\nfrom certain Chinese defects, as they see them, imagine\\nthat the introduction of religion is perfectly useless\\nwhile the ministers consider that if their labours be not\\nas successful as they desire, the Catholic missionaries\\ncannot possibly succeed either\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a dangerous and\\nutterly illogical conclusion based upon very debateable\\npremises.\\nEuropeans frequently speak of China without real\\nknowledge of it, and those who write about the country\\nsay that they can confidently support their opinions\\nas they have lived and travelled in China whereas the\\ntruth is they all live beside not among the Chinese, at\\nthe treaty ports, which are real sinks of iniquity,\\nattracting the wicked and corrupting the good. Those\\nwho judge of the country by these wretched specimens,\\nare committing the error of ah uno disce omnes.\\nMoreover, the intercourse between Europeans and\\nChinese at the ports is by no m.eans close. Many only", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "FALSE NOTIONS ABOUT CHINA. 7\\nsee the Chinamen in the streets, others draw their\\nideas of them from the newspapers, which criticize people\\nwho should not be confounded with the Chinese nation.\\nThe Consuls visit the Mandarins, who, under a deceitful\\npoliteness, conceal the utmost cunning, bad faith and dis-\\nlike. The traders and Custom House officials are in daily\\ncontact with sharpers, expert in every kind of deception.\\nThe Consuls declare the Chinese to be a nation of liars\\nand knaves and the traders add that they are all born\\nthieves from the highest to the lowest an impression\\nstrengthened by the lack of good servants who are\\nrarely obtained, while the others have to be watched\\nas if they were enemies. The contact with western\\ncivilization seems to turn the heads of the ordinary\\nChinese, who imitate European defects in addition to\\ntheir own vices. Nowhere are there men so absurd,\\nmore arrogant and insupportable, than certain celestials\\nin foreign employment. The Europeans, who travel up\\nthe rivers in boats and cross the mountains in palan-\\nquins, return with the mistaken notion that they have\\nseen the Chinese at home, have studied them well, and\\nknow them thoroughly; while in reality, not under-\\nstanding the language, they have collected their\\ninformation from their servants, or rather as much as\\nthese men may have chosen to give them. Seeing\\nChina in this fashion, their knowledge must be more\\nsuperficial than exact, as they can only judge by the\\nexterior, and not by the interior life of the Chinese,", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "8 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nYou may paint a bear, says the Chinaman, but\\nyou can only paint his coat, not his bones you may\\nrecognise a man s face, but you cannot know his\\nheart. To understand people you must mix and live\\nwith them.\\nMoreover, there are two distinct Chinas, the official\\nChina composed of literati and Mandarins, and the\\nChina of private individuals. The first deserves all the\\nreproaches heaped upon it while the second, along- with\\nconsiderable defects, possesses many good qualities.\\nIt is, however, a common mistake to confound both\\nthese divisions, and to impute to the entire nation the\\nvices and abuses of its Government. Although the\\nChinese code of law is remarkable for its wisdom\\nand its equity, it is a mere collection of beautiful\\nmaxims, as all legislation is left to the sweet will of\\ncorrupt Mandarins, who make a regular traffic of\\njustice. It should be considered that if these men do\\nenrich themselves at the expense of the public, they are\\nwretchedly paid, and when they visit their chiefs, or ^o\\nto Pekin, they must in their turn bring a good sum to\\ntheir superiors. Meanwhile the Chinese, while stoically\\nenduring these exactions, heartily despise the Mandarins\\nand their satellites, who are really responsible for the\\nabuses that so forcibly strike Europeans. The China-\\nman is supple and practical, and he calculates the\\nconsequences of every undertaking he knows that\\nviolence always prevails over justice, so instead of", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "FALSE NOTIONS ABOUT CHINA. 9\\nlaunching boldly on the open sea, he prefers to tack\\nalong the coast, and to avoid as much as he can the\\nMandarins and their courts. **Cedo no rompo is his\\nmotto.\\nThen there is a general inclination among the\\nEuropeans to sneer at the primitive ways of the\\nChinese, whom they consider an ignorant, obstinate,\\nand stationary race, who will not advance with the\\ntimes, and who presume to ridicule European customs.\\nInfatuated with their own superiority, the Europeans\\nare often blind to the good qualities of the Celestials,\\nwhom they offend by displaying open contempt of the\\nnatives and their habits while, on the other hand, the\\nsad samples of our civilization often seen at the ports,\\nare not likely to excite in the minds of the natives\\nrespect or admiration for modern progress.\\nThe Chinese are heathens who have not had eighteen\\ncenturies of Christianity to civilize them but it must be\\nadmitted that with all their errors and vices, they have\\nnot fallen as low as other nations. For instance, many\\nof the reproaches addressed by St. Paul to the Romans\\nwould not be brought by him against the inhabitants of\\nChina were he now to visit it. We may go further,\\nand say that the corruption existing in China is less\\ndeep-seated and less visible than in certain of our\\nwestern cities, the scandal of which would bring a\\nblush to the cheek of a Chinaman who is deemed to be\\nso wicked.", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "lO\\nANOTHER CHINA*\\nSuch are the chief prejudices against China, current\\namong Europeans, who owing to their very education\\nand civilization, and to the prevailing mania of compar-\\ning pagans with Christians, are hardly competent to\\noffer an unbiased opinion about the Chinese nation as\\nit really exists.", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "A FEW FACTS AND FIGURES, n\\nIIL\\nA FEW FACTS AND FIGURES-^\\nWith its narrow and crowded streets and its 160,000\\ninhabitants, the City of Ning-Po, where Monseigneur\\nReynaud has his residence, is one of the original five\\ntreaty ports opened to the world after the erroneously\\nstyled Opium War. It is a Chinese military strong-\\nhold, surrounded by high walls five miles in circumference,\\nwhose granite blocks are in tolerable preservation, but\\npartially concealed by luxuriant jessamin and honey-\\nsuckle. Ning-Po, or the city that gives peace to the\\nwaves, situated on the River Yung at its junction with\\nanother stream, is really twelve miles inland from the\\nmouth of the river, which is protected near the sea in\\nChinese fashion by a smaller walled township, Chin-hai\\n(Defence of the Sea), while a monastery on a rock in the\\nriver, and an old castle on a steep hill, are fortified by\\nbatteries to overawe the pirates who infest the seas and\\nmagnificent rivers of the Middle Empire. The City of\\nNing-Po is noted for its beautiful wood-carving, and for\\n1 For this Chapter Monseigneur Reynaud is not responsible except\\nfor the statistics relating to Tche-Kiang.", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "12 ANOTHER CHINA,\\ngorgeous pageants occasionally held in the streets in\\nhonour of the Dragon, which is a corrupted repre-\\nsentation of the ancient serpent-worship prevalent\\namong the Turanian race from which the Celestials\\ndescend. There is no doubt that the Chinese do worship\\ndevils and are often possessed by them. In the terrible\\nmassacre, in 1895, of the self-sacrificing Irish Protestant\\nmissionaries, the Rev. Robert, and Mrs. Stewart, with\\ntheir companions, the Vegetarians wrote on sheets\\nstolen from their victims, The Dragon will conquer\\nthe foreigners God. But if Catholic missionaries in\\n1 As we shall find it a duty to pass some severe criticisms upon\\nthe Protestant missions and missionaries in China, it is pleasant to\\nbe able to pay a tribute to the beautiful life and character of an\\nIrishman of whom his own child said, Father never liked to be\\npraised. However, we may mention that Mr. and Mrs. Stewart\\ndevoted themselves for nineteen years to the conversion of the\\nChinese in Fuh-Kien, a province larger than England, and adjoin-\\ning Tche-Kiang. Mrs. Stuart, remarkable for the facility and\\npurity with which she sp\u00c2\u00a9ke the language, was of the greatest\\nassistance to her husband in his work, to which both were so eagerly\\ndevoted that they offered their lives to God for the salvation of the\\nChinese. The same spirit of unselfishness animated their young\\ndaughter, when on that day of death she risked her life and was\\nseverely wounded, in order to save her little sister and brother; and\\nthe poor Irish nurse was killed while she tried to save the baby\\nfrom the assassins. The rest knelt in prayer, while the Vegetarians\\nplundered their rooms and when the final moment came, one of\\nthem cried out: Girls, never mind, we are all going home\\ntogether and with these simple words ringing in their ears, they\\nreceived their reward. The survivor of these ladies. Miss Flora\\nCodrington, who escaped with terrible wounds, said She felt no\\npain, and she is sure the others did not she felt only a thrill of joy\\nto think they would all soon be in glory together. Robert and\\nLouisa Stewart, Mary E. Watson, pp. 144, 212, 203, 216. The\\nDublin University Missionary Magazine, October, 1895, P- ^S,\\n(Editor s Note", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "A FEW FACTS AND FIGURES, 13\\nlarger numbers go to assist their brethren upon the\\nChinese missions, they will by their labours uproot\\neventually this ancient idolatry concealed under many\\nspecious forms and they will convince numerous Chinese\\nthat their Dragon has long been conquered by the holy\\nMother of God, who by her co-operation with her\\nDivine Son, in the redemption of mankind, has crushed\\nits head (Gen chap, iii., v. 15).\\nThe diocese of Tche-Kiang the crooked river\\nalthough it be the smallest of the eighteen provinces\\nof China, contains 60,000 square miles, with a popula-\\ntion probably over 23,000,000.^ Before the Taiping\\nrebellion, which was suppressed by General Gordon,\\nthis region was known to be the most densely populated\\nin the world, until famine and epidemics diminished its\\nnumber of 500 or 600 to the square mile.^ Tch^-Kiang,\\nremarkable in many localities for its lovely mountain\\nscenery, abounds in mulberry groves and silk worms,\\nwhich form such a great industry, and the land, espe-\\ncially round Ning-Po, is generally fertile and well\\nirrigated by canals, with numerous villages in every\\ndirection, frequently visited by the devoted Sisters of\\nCharity.\\nTch6-Kiang was, in 1551, portion of the diocese of\\n1 In 1886, according to Father Werner, S.J., the population\\ncomprised 8,100,000. This appears to be a misprint. Atlas des\\nMissions CathoUques.\\nStanford s Compendium of Geography and Travel, Asia, vol. i.\\nBy A. H. Keane, F.R.G.S. 1896.", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "H ANOTHER CHINA.\\nMacao, the Portuguese settlement near Canton, but in\\nthe next century it was made a Vicariate Apostolic with\\nthree other districts (1659). Thirty-five years later we\\nfind Tche-Kiang a vicariate in itself, until 1790- 1830,\\nwhen it was joined with that of Kiang-si. In 1846,\\nthese vicariates were separated again under different\\nbishops, and there has been no subsequent change in\\nthis division. In Tche-Kiang the missionaries are\\nchiefly Lazarists or Vincentians, and in 1896 there were\\nin the vicariate 10,419 Catholics, i bishop, 13 European\\nand 10 native missionaries, and 5 native theological\\nstudents, among a population presumed to be over\\n23,000,000 heathens and 5,359 Protestants. There are\\n35 Sisters of Charity, 29 Virgins of Purgatory, and\\n38 Catechists, including schoolmasters and mistresses.\\nThe Sisters of Charity in the province of Tche-Kiang\\nhave the care of a large number of hospitals, orphanages,\\nand similar institutions. They courageously compete\\nwith the Protestant ministers, some of whom being\\nphysicians also have hospitals, and visit the sick in\\ntheir homes, striving by this powerful means to push on\\ntheir own work. The Sisters, comprehending the far-\\nreaching consequences of this enterprise, carry out their\\nvisitations of the sick with the utmost zeal and success,\\nand even influential families, including those of the\\nMandarins, apply to them for their remedies and care.\\nThe Sisters can go where they please, and are invited\\ninto the houses of rich and poor, where they nurse an", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3319", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "A FEW FACTS AND FIGURES, 15\\nimmense number of pagans, and baptize every year\\nover 3,000 dying children. Even the ferrymen will\\nrefuse taking a fee from the Sisters, so much are they\\nloved at Ning-Po and elsewhere.\\nSuch is a brief preliminary outline of the Catholic\\npropaganda as it exists in a single diocese of China.\\nFrom this basis, it will be possible to calculate in some\\nway the vast work which is carried on throughout the\\nEmpire, in which there are (in China proper without\\nincluding the Dependencies) 27 such districts, each with\\nits own bishop and staff of clergy, besides four districts\\nwhich are differently organized. The diocese of Tche-\\nKiang may be considered in a certain sense as a typical\\none, inasmuch as it stands midway, in numerical impor-\\ntance, between the very large and the comparatively\\nsmall divisions. It may be useful here to give a few\\nstatistics relating to the largest Vicariate, that of Kiang-\\nNan (Nan-Kin), which is under the Society of Jesus.\\nIn the year 1892, it boasted no less than 96,382 Catholics,\\nwith 128 priests, 32 seminarists, and 177 nuns. There\\nis one other Jesuit mission, that of South Pe-Tche-li,\\nwhich is smaller than Kiang-nan, but is yet among the\\nmost flourishing dioceses. There are six Lazarist\\nmissions, including that of Northern Pe-Tche-li or Pekin,\\nand the Franciscans, Dominicans, and Augustinians, are\\nalso well represented. Most of the missions are French\\nothers hail from Belgium, Italy, and Holland.\\nOur readers will probably like to see some statistics", "height": "3306", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "1 6 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nrelating to the whole country. It is agreed by all the\\nauthorities that the Catholics are enormously in excess\\nof the Protestants, but when we come to decide upon\\nthe actual numbers of the former, we find the evidence\\nbeyond a certain point difficult to deal with. It has\\nbeen asserted that the whole Catholic population\\nexceeds 2,000,000. This statement, if taken to apply\\nto the Chinese Empire, would be an exaggeration but\\nas a matter of fact we have been informed that it was\\nmeant to include Tonquin (which has certainly nearly\\na million Catholics and in this sense it is possibly true.\\nBut are there even a million Catholics at present in\\nChina There appears to be considerable evidence\\nthat they approach, even if they do not reach, that\\nnumber. In the first place we have to this eff ect the\\nstatement of Mr. Martin, a Protestant, who was\\nformerly President of the College belonging to the\\nTsung-li-yamen, or^ Chinese Board for Foreign Aff airs,\\nand who is presumably well informed. We mention\\nthis evidence first, because some Protestant authorities\\non the subject have ventured to unduly minimize the\\nnumbers of native Catholics, making out that they do\\nnot amount to more than half a million. Their desire\\nto prove this is not to be altogether wondered at, if we\\n1 See FreeiJiaii s jfournal, Dublin, April 3rd, 1897.\\n^Dublin Review, April, 1897, p. 257. Article by E. H. Parker\\n(who is, we believe, a Protestant).\\nSee A Cycle of Cathay, by W. A. P. Martin, chap. xv.", "height": "3331", "width": "2108", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "A FEW FACTS AND FIGURES. 17\\nconsider that the Protestant missions have not, in spite\\nof their gigantic efforts, met with very remarkable\\nsuccess. As to the causes of this we shall have more\\nto say, but as to the fact we may again quote Mr. Martin,\\nwho puts the Protestant converts at fifty, or at most\\nsixty, thousand. On this subject Miss Gordon Gumming\\nin her charming Wmidermgs in China (1885), re-\\nmarks\\nThe combined converts of all the Protestant missions\\nin this province of Tche-Kiang may number about\\n2,000 that is to say, one out of every 10,000 of the\\npopulation. The proportion of Protestant Ghristians\\nin the whole Empire is estimated at one in 35,000.\\nTo return to the point we are discussing, unfortu-\\nnately we have not been able to see any Gatholic\\nstatistics on the subject which are quite satisfactory.\\nThe only authority we have been able to consult for the\\nwhole Ghinese Empire is the Madras Catholic Directory\\nfor the current year, and it is evidently not very reliable.\\nM. Groffier, in compiling his valuable Altas des Missions\\nCatholiques^ was obliged to refer to the same authority,\\nand, besides pointing out other mistakes, he complains\\nin a footnote that the Directory was so carelessly drawn\\nup that the totals given at the foot of the various\\ncolumns in several cases do not nearly correspond with\\n1 Vol. ii., chap, xxiv., p. 52.\\n2 Published, in 1886, at Strasburg. See p.\\n26.", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "i8 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nthe items supposed to be included in them and we have\\ndetected in the latest edition several evident errors of\\nnumeration. Moreover, with regard to China the com-\\npilers of the Directory state that no returns have been\\nreceived from the V^icariates still they proceed to give\\nstatistics, without saying from what source they are\\ndrawn. Hence, we cannot attach much importance to\\nthd statement that there are at present in China proper\\nnot more than 550,000 Catholics. In Kiang-Nan there\\nare certainly over 100,000; in Tsu-Chuan (according to\\nMr. Parker) 80,000 in Pe-tche-li, 3 Vicariates, includ-\\ning Pekin, well over 100,000;^ Fou-Kien, though stated\\nin the Directory to have only 34,000 Catholics, has, in\\nreality, according to a priest who has lived in China, and\\nwho is by no means disposed to exaggerate, nearly\\n60,000. These are, of course, the better and the more\\nflourishing districts but what shall we think of the state-\\nment that in Tch6-Kiang there are only 7,730 Catholics,\\nwhereas we have the printed returns from Monseigneur\\nReynaud for every individual mission in his diocese,\\nproving the real number to be (as above stated),\\n10,419?\\n1 In the Jesuit Vicariate of the South -East District alone, there\\nwere, in the year 1893, 40.598 Catholics. Letter from Rev. Father\\nBecker, Superior of the Mission, in Lettres de jfersey, vol. xiii., p. 57\\n2 The Rev. Maurice Watson, O.P., who wrote a letter in the\\nTablet in April, 1897, ^.nd has kindly supplied a few statistics for the\\npresent work.\\n3 In the Directory for 1885, the number is stated as 12,000, which\\nis ^Iso very incorrect,", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "A FEW FACTS AND FIGURES. 19\\nIf we might hazard a guess as to the actual truth of\\nthe question, probably we might place the number ot\\nCathoHcs in China proper at three quarters of a million.^\\nIf we compare this number with that of the total\\npopulation of China it will appear small enough. It is,\\nhowever, necessary to bear in mind that the united\\nnumbers of the CathoHcs of the w^orld do not, even\\naccording to the largest computation, reach anything\\nlike the 386,000,000^ which is said by the best authorities\\nto be the population of China.\\nIf we take a different term of comparison we find the\\nnumber of Catholics in China will not appear to be\\nso insignificant. For instance, in the year 1885, the\\nCatholics of England and Wales were only about\\n1,300,000 fin a population of 26,000,000). In the whole\\nof Australia and Polynesia they were stated by the\\nsame authority to be but 672,000 while in the whole\\nContinent of Africa (if we exclude the Portuguese\\nsettlements of the South West Coast, which number\\naccording to a Report of the Propaganda, about a\\nmillion souls), the rest do not much exceed a half\\nmillion, which is certainly less than the total for China\\nproper.\\nThere is still one vital point to be considered, and\\nIn case a second edition of this little work is required, we hope\\nto be able to make an authoritative statement on this subject,\\n2 Compendium of Geography and Travel, Asia, vol, i., 1896\\nA. H. Keane, F.R.G.R.\\nAtlas des Missions Catholiques, p. 12.", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "20 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nthat is the rate at which Catholicity, in spite of all the\\ndrawbacks, has hitherto been spreading in the Celestial\\nEmpire. Here again we can give evidence which is con-\\nsoling enough. Monseigneur Reynaud states it as his\\nopinion that within the last fifty years the number of\\nCatholics in China has been nearly doubled and he\\nanticipates that the rate of increase will be even more\\nrapid in the future. As far as our statistics throw any\\nlight on the subject, this statement carries with it a\\ngood deal of probability. In Tche-Kiang, during the\\nyear from June, 1895, to June, 1896, the number of\\nadult baptisms, excluding those in danger of death, is\\ngiven as 406, and the number of well-disposed Catechu-\\nmens as 1790. In Kiang-nan the baptisms of adults\\nrecorded for the year 189 1-2 was 1,319. In North\\nPe-tche-li it is stated to have been about 1,000, and in\\nSu-Tchuen several thousand. Thus it is computed\\nthat the annual nurfiber of conversions to the faith\\nis, perhaps, rather more than 10,000. In these numbers,\\nthose who receive baptism at death^ whether adults or\\ninfants, are not included and the good work done\\nin that way by the missionaries can hardly be computed.\\nThis work is not intended as an exhaustive study of\\nstatistics, and w^e will not prosecute the subject further.\\nWe must apologise if the numbers we have been able\\nto give are in some cases rather vague but we think\\nwe have said enough to convince the reader of the\\nimportance of the Catholic works going on in the", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "A FEW FACTS AND FIGURES, 2I\\nChinese Empire. In any case the above facts and\\nfigures seem to prove that the Catholic missionaries in\\nChina, as in Hindustan, succeed far better in making\\nsome impression upon the hard surface of oriental\\nsociety than do their Protestant rivals. But is this so\\nvery surprising? No, for coming eighteen centuries\\nago from the East, the Catholic religion must be more\\ncongenial to Orientals than the contradictory creeds of\\na modern religion, which is so deeply imbued with\\nEuropean ideas, that it is at complete variance with\\nthose of the conservative Asiatics, who in thought and\\nin custom are much the same as their ancestors in the\\nfar-off days which were illumined by the coming of\\nthe Light of the World.", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "ANOTHER CHINA.\\nIV,\\nOBSTACLES TO THE SPREAD OF\\nTHE FAITH,\\nIf the Chinese be not so black as they are painted, how\\nis it that they are not yet converted in spite of all\\nmissionary efforts It is true that China is still very\\nfar from conversion on account of its immense extent,\\nits enormous population, and the many obstacles\\npreventing the advance of the Gospel. The Chinese\\nmissions have passed through the fiery crucible of\\nviolent persecutions, during which the churches have\\nbeen destroyed, the faithful exiled or imprisoned,\\ncharitable works annihilated, and the missionaries\\ndispersed with their flocks in all directions. This want\\nof priests was the finishing stroke, as it was impossible\\nfor the converts to persevere without instruction, and\\ndeprived of all religious succours, excepting in the few\\nremote villages where the missionaries hid themselves\\nat the risk of their lives. At present we still have too\\nfew clergy on the missions, but by reckoning the number\\nof places occupied by Catechumens, and by a study of\\nthe figures we have given above, it is easily seen that\\nfar from being in statu quo^ a very decided advance has\\nbeen made within the last fifty years.", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "OBSTACLES TO THE SPREAD OF THEfFAlTH. 2^\\nIndependently of the obstacles raised by the effects of\\noriginal sin, poverty is a great hindrance to conversion\\namong the Chinese, who are struggling day by day to\\nkeep the wolf of hunger from the door. In many\\ndistricts cultivation of opium has taken the place of\\nthe less lucrative rice-fields. Now the Christians are\\npermitted neither to plant the poppy-seed, nor to sell the\\ndrug, and must seek some other employment, which is\\nnot easy in China where there is such competition in\\nevery trade. Though they may be convinced of the\\ntruth of our religion, these poor people hesitate to\\nembrace a creed which may endanger their very means\\nof existence.\\nSuperstitious practices that enter, into every detail of\\n.a Chinaman s life, from his cradle to his grave, form\\nanother great obstacle to conversion. To many Chinese\\nthese superstitions are, at most, local customs, practised\\nmerely out of human respect, while to others who are\\ninnately religious, they are of the greatest importance.\\nThen there are the devotees, who have acquired esteem\\nby their piety, their long pilgrimages, giving money to\\nbuild pagodas, fasting for twenty, thirty, or even fifty\\nyears, during which time they have never smoked\\ntobacco, or tasted wine, fish, or meat, and have sub-\\nsisted upon vegetables, spices, and tea. These people\\nfind it very hard to renounce all their so-called merits,\\nand to be convinced that they have been in error, and\\nmust begin their lives afresh. To these scruples is", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "2i A^fOTHER CHINA.\\nadded the terrible fear of appearances\u00e2\u0080\u0094 literally, the\\nworship of the face that somewhat resembles human\\nrespect in Europe, but its effects are far stronger, more\\ng-eneral, and more tyrannical in China. To lose one s\\ncountenance among- the Chinese means to become an\\nobject of ridicule, to lose caste, and in certain cases\\nsome Celestials would much prefer death to this\\nhumiliation. Now to become a Christian, a Chinese\\nconvert has to brave this dreadful ordeal, to abandon\\nhis old customs, his ancestral worship, to expose himself\\nto general contempt, as a traitor who has forsaken the\\ncreed of the Middle Empire for a foreign a European\\nreligion. But what the convert feels much more is the\\nsacrifice he must make of ancestor-worship, which is\\nso profoundly rooted in China, that several have con-\\nsidered it as the chief obstacle to the conversion of the\\nChinese. In theory and in practice, filial piety holds the\\nfirst rank among th^r virtues and there can be no\\ngreater insult, even to the lowest and most worthless\\nChinaman, than to call him an undutiful son. Ancestor-\\nworship is an act of filial piety, by which children\\nrender divine honours to the memory of their deceased\\nparents. Neglect of this duty by the Christians exposes\\nthem to the violent anger of their families and neigh-\\nbours, which fact naturally does not encourage timid\\npeople to become converts. This erroneous and\\nsuperstitious practice, however, makes the Catechumens\\nadopt and cherish more readily the devotion to the", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "OBSTACLES TO THE SPREAD OF THE FAlTa 25\\nsouls in Purgatory, and this is no doubt one of the\\nstrongest attractions which they find in our faith as\\ncompared with the Protestant religion. Other manifold\\nprejudices against our religion also deter people from\\napproaching the missionaries.\\nThe lies and calumnies spread by the literati and the\\nMandarins, absurd though they be, do produce some\\neffect, and the silliest invention seems always to gain\\nthe greatest publicity and credit. Nearly everywhere\\nthe missionaries are accused of kidnapping children\\nto use their eyes and hearts in medicines, and many\\nare the Catechumens, who under the influence of this\\nridiculous notion have long deferred their conversion.\\nSome of the Mandarins really are sincere in their\\nsuspicions of the motives that bring the missionaries to\\nChina. Being Pagans, they cannot comprehend that\\nthese priests come solely to save souls without any\\nsecret motive of self-interest. Again, the Catholic\\nmissions being under the protection of the French\\nminister, the Mandarins imagine that the missionaries\\nare political agents for the subversion of China.\\nTherefore they entertain a blind hatred of the\\nEuropeans, who by their presence desecrate the sacred\\nsoil of China, and by their teaching trouble the shade of\\nConfucius, preaching a doctrine he did not teach, and a\\nreligion he did not know a religion, moreover, whose\\nethics might, by exposing their ignorance, pride, and\\nbad faith, undermine their own power. Unable to", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "^6 ANOTTHER CHINA,\\nexpel the missionaries, they have recourse to the vilest\\naccusations and falsehoods, which have been the main-\\nsprings of the riots, which were instigated with great\\nimpartiality against both Catholic and Protestant\\nmissionaries alike. On this subject, P^re Favier, of\\nPekin, once remarked In this respect, at all events,\\nnous sommes tous dans le meme bateau,\\nLeft to themselves the people do not suspect us they\\nhave positively to be roused by cunning ringleaders,\\nwho excite their indignation by wicked calumnies, and\\nurge them to such deplorable excesses. Although\\nliberty of conscience has been imposed by the Powers\\nupon the Chinese Government, it is not sincerely carried\\nout by the authorities, who never protect the Christians\\nagainst ill treatment. While professing the greatest\\ncivility to the missionaries, the Mandarins endeavour to\\npersuade them to live at the Treaty-ports, where they\\nwould be much safer than among the wicked people\\ninland, who occasion annoyance and vexations which\\nthey, the Mandarins, are unable to avert.\\nA Chinese mob, even a small one, excited suh rosa by\\nthe Mandarins is by no means pleasant company, and\\noccasionally mission-stations are liable to sudden visita-\\ntions, as in the instance about to be related. At Tai-\\ntao-leou, in the Vicariate of Kiang-nan, on the 5th\\nAugust, 1894, a band of twenty-one rioters burst into\\nthe mission-station, and seizing the Purveyor, Lieou-sin-\\nchan, an excellent catechist, they tied him to a tree with", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "OBSTACLES TO THE SPREAD OF THE FAITH. 27\\nhis own pigtail, and beat him severely, demanding money\\n(silver ingots), and as he had none to give they wounded\\nhim terribly. Leaving him for dead, they attacked the\\nschoolmaster and two other men, while the pupils ran\\nto hide themselves. The whole establishment was\\nplundered of clothing, bedding, and money belonging to\\nthe masters and scholars, and in revenge for finding so\\nlittle of any value, the rioters smashed doors, windows,\\ncrockery, chapel candlesticks and statues. They also\\nintended to torture their victims, had they not been put\\nto flight by the sound of firearms outside the house,\\nwhich, however, did not prevent one miscreant from\\ngiving a great blow to the wounded catechist, exclaim-\\ning, Why do you follow such a religion which showed\\nsufficiently by what spirit he and his villainous comrades\\nwere actuated.\\nChina is now open to the Europeans, and the mis-\\nsionaries may just take their chance. The customs,\\nthe telegraphic service, and steamboats are under the\\ndirection of European laymen, all anxious to enrich\\nthemselves with Chinese money and often leading\\nlives which redound but little to the honour of religion.\\nThe traders only seek to inundate China with their\\nwares, and all the foreign governments are intent on\\nincreasing each its own influence with that of China, to\\nthe detriment of the other Powers similarly engaged\\nin this industrial conflict. The Russians on the northern\\nfrontier, the French in Tonquin, the English in Burmah,", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "2^ Another china,\\nnot reckoning the covetous eyes of Germans and other\\nnations, can scarcely inspire the Chinese or their\\nGovernment with any affection for Europeans, who by\\ntheir disdain and contempt still further alienate the\\nCelestials who come in contact with them. It is need-\\nless to mention the heavy indemnities the Powers\\nimpose, whenever Europeans, laymen or clerics, are\\ninjured in their persons, or have their property destroyed\\nby the Chinese mobs. It may be objected that the\\nChinese should be able to distinguish the missionaries\\nwho come to China to do them good from the\\ninterested traders or Powers, who only seek their own\\nprofit. Moreover, were not the Chinese the first in the\\nyear 1893, to ask for the establishment of the Catholic\\nhierarchy in their Empire.\\nTo this objection it must be answered, that although\\nthe Chinese perceive clearly enough the difference\\nbetween the missionaries and other Europeans, yet they\\nconfound them all in the same reprobation, and some\\nyears ago the missionaries were the people who had to\\nsuffer most from calumnies, and the incendiary fires\\nprovoked by them. As far as the Catholic hierarchy\\nis concerned, it certainly was no feeling of affection for\\nreligion that prompted the Chinese, but simply the\\ndesire to rid themselves ot the French or German pro-\\ntectorate. What the Chinaman really wanted, was to\\ndeprive the ^European powers ot this pretext to extort\\nconcessions from China as indemnity for wrongs inflicted", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "OBSTACLES TO THE SPREAD OF THE FAITH. 29\\non their own European subjects or on Christians.\\nMoreover the clauses of the concordat between China\\nand Rome proved that no religious zeal influenced the\\nChinese, who were inserting conditions that would not\\nbe accepted such as toleration of Chinese rites, and\\nrespect for other creeds and their practices.^\\nI have now briefly indicated some of the greater\\ndifficulties we have to contend with, and we may pass on,\\nfor the present, especially as this subject will necessarily\\nrecur, being so intimately bound up with the subject we\\nhave in hand. It might have been expected that I\\nshould here lay great stress on the action of the Bonzes\\nor native priests, in interfering with the spread\\no Christianity. Have they no serious propaganda to\\noppose to ours This question is soon dealt with.\\nThe Bonzes, as I know them in the Province of Tch^-\\nKiang, ought not to inspire us with any serious\\napprehensions. Their bad reputation injures their\\ninfluence, and their laziness interferes with their zeal.\\nTheir vocation is simply a trade, and they live by the\\naltar, as a workman lives by his tools. Their services\\nare indeed believed in and paid for, but their conduct\\nwins them much contempt. I ask leave, then, simply to\\nlay them on one side, and to pass on to the consideration\\nof a more serious embarrassment.\\nPages 58, 59, vol. xiii., Letters de Jersey.", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "30 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nPROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONS.\\nThe Protestants in China are very far from imitating-\\nthe dolce far niente of the Bonzes. They are three\\ntimes more numerous than the Catholic missionaries,\\nthey have plenty of means, they have also the prestige\\nof their nationality most of them coming from England,\\nwhich is considered as a faithful and generous ally by\\nthe Chinese, who call the Protestant creed the English\\nreHgion.\\nIt has been a question whether these three advantages\\nof the Protestants have been injurious to the Catholic\\ncause. Some missionaries think there is nothing to be\\nfeared, that the accusations of the Protestant ministers\\nagainst Catholicity have never prevented any real\\nconversions, and that in drawing souls away from\\npaganism they are really opening the way for the\\nCatholic missions. Others are of opinion that the\\nministers can injure their work in several ways first by\\ntheir attacks and their contradictions, which make the\\nChinese remark, Since the Europeans cannot agree\\nabout relig-ion, it is better to keep to our own, Then", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONS, 31\\nwe find that converts who have been Protestants find\\nmore difficulty in implicitly accepting- Catholic dogma\\nthan those who have been heathens. Although the\\nCatholic priests are readily distinguished from the\\nministers by all who are accustomed to see them, they\\nare often confounded together by the general mass of the\\nChinese, and I must confess I have not been flattered to\\noverhear them say in some new locality, Here comes\\nthe unquaytse (the European devil) who sells books.\\nWhy has he not brought his wife\\nWith their knowledge of the language and con-\\nstant communication with Chinese of every rank, the\\nProtestant missionaries are better able than the Consuls,\\nthe Custom officials, or the traders, to present us with\\na fair description of the Chinamen. Consequently they\\ndo not speak so badly of them, and some even praise\\nthe Chinese to a certain extent. Yet, notwithstanding\\ntheir distribution of Bibles, their schools, the money they\\nspend so liberally, the men they employ, and the labours\\nin which they certainly do not spare themselves, the\\nministers are far from being successful. If we deduct\\nfrom their proselytes, those who are attracted by wages,\\nsuch as colporteurs, schoolmasters, preachers, servants,\\nand other employes if we take again from the number\\nthose whose faith is strengthened by pecuniary assist-\\nance, and who find they can serve their own interest by\\nthe practice of the English religion and then if we\\nadd to these the people serving two masters, who go to", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "32 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nchurch on Sundays, and keep up the observance of some\\nsuperstitious practice during the week, what a great\\nreduction would be made in the already small numbers\\nof their converts.\\nIt is not intended in these pages to impeach the good\\nworks, much less the intentions, of anyone, but merely\\nto state a few facts respecting the Protestant missions\\nfrom a Catholic point of view and we may perhaps be\\nthe means of rendering them some service in pointing\\nout the weak points in their system. In the diocese of\\nTch^-Kiang are the chief headquarters of the very\\nnumerous Protestant sects, which are to be met every-\\nwhere in China. According to their own account, there\\nare over 60,000 converts, divided among the three\\nbranches of the Episcopal Church, nine sects of Presby-\\nterians, six sects of Methodists, two sects of Baptists,\\nand some others less known and all these different\\ndenominations teach their own convictions, which often\\nclash with those of their comrades on these missions.\\nWith the exception of the Anglicans, who are usually\\ngentlemen who have had a University career, anyone\\n(no matter what his previous employment might have\\nbeen) can become a minister, and to quote the words of\\nSir Henry Norman, a Protestant writer both men\\nand women among Protestant missionaries are often\\nquite unfit even to teach at home, and are not too\\n1 The Far East, chap, xx., page 306. Sir Henry Norman", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "K.", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONS, 33\\nhardly described by the phrase which has been applied\\nto them Ignorant declaimers in bad Chinese.\\nSir Henry Norman, while admitting that there are among\\nthe Protestant ministers men of the highest character\\nand devotion, upon whose careers no criticisms can be\\npassed, says that there can be no doubt that the\\nCatholic missionaries enjoy on the whole far more\\nconsideration from the natives as well as from foreigners,\\nand the result of their work is beyond question much\\ngreater.\\nWithout then attempting to decide how far we are\\nfettered by the presence of the Protestant missions, it\\nis very necessary for me to give an account of their\\nposition and the progress they are making, if only\\nfor this reason. It has already been indicated that in\\nthe minds of many persons in Europe there is some\\ntendency to confound our cause with that of the Pro-\\ntestants, or at least to base an opinion as to the religious\\nposition of the Chinese upon the reports which the\\nProtestants supply.\\nMany of these ministers coming from England supply\\ntheir want of theological science by a mystic enthusiasm\\nwhich leads them into various delusions. On their\\narrival in China, they find no tradition to guide them,\\nno direction to assist their inexperience. They come to\\nreplace missionaries who are going away and in a\\nThe Far East. Sir Henry Norman.", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "34 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nplace where all is so strange, so different from Europe,\\nleft completely to themselves, these young men, with all\\nthe good will in the world, must be liable to the most\\ndiscouraging mistakes and errors of judgment. With\\nan English newspaper we may say, if they are not to\\nbe blamed, they are at least greatly to be pitied.\\nThe salient differences in their doctrines which are\\nboth vague and anomalous, are not lightly accepted by\\nminds so positive, subtle, and developed as those of the\\nChinese, whose keen intelligence can instantly detect\\nflaws that may long evade our attention. The incoher-\\nence of the Protestant creeds, the conflicting instructions\\nof the ministers, are too clearly demonstrated to escape\\nthe logical Chinaman. Even the pastors lament this\\nserious obstacle, and in their assembly at Shang-hai,\\n1890, they were obliged to sacrifice some of their special\\ndoctrines, and to turn their labours more in the direc-\\ntion of schools, ho^itals, and translation of books.\\nAt present they have widened their sphere of action\\nby a crusade against wine, tobacco, and women s small\\nfeet. To this last objection a Chinaman at Ning-Po\\nreplied in the newspaper that there were other more\\nnecessary reforms needed, chiefly as to the importation of\\nopium, which should be first checked, and also in the\\ncustom of tight-lacing, which they declared to be more\\ninjurious to the European ladies than tying the feet is\\nto their own. These questions may gratify philan-\\nthropists, but they will never convert the Chinese.", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONS, 35\\nThe absence of unity of belief, the rejection of\\nauthority in favour of private judgment, are radical\\ndefects of Protestantism. Now this very principle of\\nauthority is everything to a Chinese, being the founda-\\ntion-stone of family and social existence, and no people\\nhave more respect for absolute authority than the\\nCelestials. A religion that rejects this vital principle\\ncan never be regarded in a serious light by the\\nChinaman.\\nThe ministers also shock the natives by their system\\nof propaganda, which in many respects is in direct\\nopposition to the local customs and etiquette of the\\ncountry. For instance, the married pastors are more\\nor less absorbed by the cares of family life, which\\nnaturally induces them to live as they do In Europe.\\nThey require comforts that keep them In places where\\nthey can be found, and they must have country residences\\nin the summer, which entails interruption of divine\\nservice for that period, thereby exciting the envy of\\nthe European laity, who are unable to go to the moun-\\ntains for fresh air in the hot season. The ministers\\nmust also walk out or sail in boats with their wives\\nand children, and this appearance of husband and\\nwife together In public is diametrically opposed to the\\netiquette of Chinese society.\\nAnother obstacle Is that of rendering their cause too\\nfamiliar, by preaching on all occasions, Inviting way-\\nfarers Into their houses to hear a sermon, offering", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "36 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nBibles to everyone they meet with the result that the\\nmost awful parodies have been made by the heathens\\non this sacred volume. In order to excite curiosity,\\nsome of these missionaries will offer tracts, saying,\\nHere is Heaven for four cash (pence). This is\\nrather too cheap for the Chinese, who estimate things\\nat their money value, and who have a proverb that\\nGood wares are not to be sold too cheap, as cheap\\narticles are never really good. The intention of the\\nProtestant missionaries is good, but this exaggerated\\nexpression only lowers religion in the eyes of the\\nChinese. The attacks made by these sectarians upon\\nthe celibacy of the Catholic clergy do them much harm,\\nas the heathens of this Empire hold virginity in high\\nesteem, and cannot comprehend how men engaged in\\nthe married life can possibly be at the same time\\nministers of religion. Their hatred of Catholicity and\\ntheir false accusations recoil upon themselves, as the\\npagans give us great credit for leaving all these calum-\\nnies unnoticed. By their attacks upon the Virgin\\nMother of God, the ministers merely disgust the\\nChinese, who have such an exalted idea of their own\\nmothers that a woman has no name, but is always\\nknown as the mother of her son, Lipa-am,\\nAtching-am the mother of Lipa or Atching,\\nTherefore, the devotion to Our Lady is readily under-\\nstood by Catechumens and once a whole band of\\npagans, on hearing abuse of the Blessed Virgin,", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONS. 37\\ndeserted the Protestant chapel, and came to the Catholic\\nmissionary to ask for baptism.\\nThese and other defects are the true reasons of the\\nlittle success of Protestantism in China, and our cause\\nshould not be confounded with theirs, as we follow a\\nvery different road with very different results. We do\\nnot go to China to criticize manners or to destroy\\ncustoms that are not at variance with Catholic doctrine,\\neven though they be repugnant to western prejudice.\\nThe great aim set before our missionaries by Rome, the\\nsole desire of their hearts, is to implant the knowledge\\nof faith and charity in the souls of the Chinese. This\\nis the polar star that directs their labours. Arriving\\nin the country, instead of being abandoned to them-\\nselves, they find a path traced out for them which aids\\ntheir inexperience. Subject to a recognised authority\\nthat prevents them from being led astray by first\\nimpressions, it is not at their own expense, at their\\nat their own risk and peril, or by dint of groping their\\nway through innumerable mistakes, that they learn to\\nunderstand the natives and customs of their new country.\\nFrom the commencement they are guided by the\\ninstruction of experienced men, and in this Chinese\\nEmpire, a perplexing labyrinth for many foreigners,\\nthey have only to follow, not to seek, the right path.\\nFree from all ties of this world, having no family cares\\nto distract their attention, they are at perfect liberty\\nto follow their vocation, which is, like the Apostles, to", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "38 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nbe all things unto all men, in order to gain souls to\\nJesus Christ. As the Son of God came on earth to\\nsave man, so the missionaries who continue His work,\\nset aside their prejudices and conform themselves, as far\\nas is allowable to the manners of the people they wish\\nto convert. This being an essential condition to ensure\\nsuccess, the missionaries lead the life and wear the\\ndress of the Chinese, so that there may be as little\\ndifference, and as few causes of distrust, between them\\nand the people as possible, and a closeness of intercourse\\nwhich will enable them to smooth away many difficulties,\\nand to study and understand the good and bad qualities\\nof the soil they have to cultivate. At the same time by\\ntheir sacred calling they are able to discern the virtues\\nand the vices of individuals they come in contact with\\nfamilies, and in this way they acquire knowledge of\\nmany a detail connected with the life of the people.\\nThe Chinese do not consider them as travellers or mere\\nbirds of passage, but as neighbours who speak the same\\nlanguage, and very often as dear friends living under\\nthe same roof. In one word, China is the adopted\\nhome in which the Catholic missionaries live and die,\\nand which they love in spite of many privations and\\nhardships, that are not as well known as the dangers\\nof ill-treatment and murder, and yet are the great cause\\nof the mortality that so rapidly thins the ranks of these\\nzealous priests.-^\\n1 See the remarks on this subject by Baron Von Hubner, Ramble\\nRound the World, vol. ii., page 425. (Ed. 1874.)", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC MISSIONS, 39\\nTheir very exceptional position, which, in some places\\nsuch as Ning Po, g-ives them the rank of Mandarins,\\nmust g-ive more weight to their opinions, in so far as\\nthey are based upon a more correct judg-ment of the\\nMiddle Empire and its natives.\\nWe may append here the interesting remarks of\\nMr. Medhurst, English Consul at Shang-hal, and a\\nProtestant, who says It is the fashion now to com-\\nplain of the Protestant missionaries, and to compare\\nthem in an unfavourable manner with their Roman\\ncolleagues a kind of parallel I shall avoid. The system\\nof the Catholic missionaries is, from the first moment of\\ntheir arrival, to advance as far as possible into the\\ninterior, to disguise themselves as Chinese, and to work\\nwith indefatigable ardour in the different stations\\noccupied by the brethren for many years, if not for\\ncenturies. Their devotion is remarkable, their success\\nastonishing and I am among those who think they\\nhave done, and are doing, a great deal of good. They\\nstrive to gain proselytes by means of education, a\\nprocess necessarily slow, but of which the result, as\\nregards the number and the solid nature of the conver-\\nsions, is all the more satisfactory. In any town or\\nvillage where there is a Catholic mission, one is sure to\\nfind a kernel of Christian families, in whom the faith\\nhas been transmitted from generation to generation\\n1 The Foreigner in Far Cathay, published in the year 1872", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "40 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nand I have been often struck by the peace and look\\nof respectability which one sees in these communities,\\nespecially when compared with the pagan Inhabitants\\naround them.\\nConsidering the impartial and responsible character\\nof this evidence, It would seem that Its importance\\ncan hardly be overrated. It is from the CathoHc\\nmissionaries that the diplomatic bodies receive the best\\nand most reliable Information as to what is going on\\nin the most Inaccessible parts of the empire, and it is\\nevident that they are aware that no class of Europeans\\nknow China better. In the China Blue Book the\\nEnglish Ambassador writing to Lord Granville, relating\\nto Prince Kung s proclamation, remarks We shall\\nlearn from the Roman missionaries how far this pro-\\nclamation will have been spread In the Interior.\\n1 Blue Book, China, i., p. 122, published, relating to the massacres\\nof Tien-tsin, in the year 1870", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "A WORD FOR THE CHINAMAN. 41\\nVL\\nA WORD FOR THE CHINAMAR\\nHaving enumerated the vices of which the Chinese are\\naccused, it is only fair to mention a few of their good\\nqualities, which have been often praised by eminent\\nConsuls, and by distinguished naval officers, who have\\nspent much time in this country. The Chinese are\\nintelligent, skilful, sober, hard-working, and patient.\\nThey are noted for their perseverance in every under-\\ntaking, and for the steady persistence shown on all\\noccasions, in amassing small sums which they rightly\\nconsider as being a distinct improvement upon an empty\\npurse. Their powers of endurance are equally remark-\\nable in times of starvation, illness, or other privations,\\nand it has been well said that the lower classes in China\\nhave positively reduced poverty to a science, so well\\ndo they know how to turn the most trifling article of\\nfood or material to some account. Again, a Celestial\\nwill never embitter or shorten his days by worry,\\nthat domestic fiend of the European. On account of\\nChinese Characteristics. Rev. Arthur Smith.", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "42 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nthe enormous population and the immense space of\\nground occupied by cemeteries and tombs that can\\nnever be touched, there is no nation with more cause\\nfor anxiety as to the means of subsistence than the\\nChinese. So much also depends upon the absence of\\ndrought and disastrous inundations which are evils of\\ntoo frequent occurrence in the Middle Empire.\\nNotwithstanding poverty, which is the general lot, the\\nChinese are to be commended for their cheerfulness,\\neven though it may arise from the principle of fatalism\\nimplanted in Orientals. Much faith is placed in good\\nor bad luck, which to these heathens takes the place of\\nProvidence but no matter what they may suffer, these\\npoor people stoically and cheerfully put into practice the\\nsaying, What cannot be cured must be endured.\\nIt could hardly be denied that the minds of the\\nChinese are very subtle, and their perceptions keen and\\nprompt but as they are ignorant of many subjects,\\nthey are more superficial than profound in their con-\\nclusions. However, they can be easily trained, and\\ntheir aptitude for the practical side of things is a talent\\nin itself. Even the children are more precocious than\\nthose in Europe, and they seem from a remarkably\\nearly age to develop strong bumps, as it were, of\\ndiplomatic and commercial instincts. Artistic work in\\nChina has an inimitable and original stamp of its own,\\nwhich is visible in embroideries, porcelain, cloisonne,\\nlacker, carvings, and jewellery, while at the same", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "A WORD FOR THE CHINAMAN. 43\\ntime the Chinese will reproduce any article whatever\\neven to its flaws.\\nExpert farmers, the Chinamen use the most primitive\\nimplements, by help of which, and their ingenious\\nfertilizers, they can raise on productive land a rotation\\nof crops the whole year round, which are kept free from\\nslugs, crabs, and frogs, by the ducks and fowl reared\\nby the Chinese for this purpose^ as well as for their\\nsubsequent appearance at table. The same simplicity\\nprevails in the food, consisting chiefly of rice boiled in\\nwater, with various small dishes, to give a relish to this\\ninsipid standing dish, such as beans, peas, lentils, pre-\\npared in diff erent ways, the best being a cheese or curd\\nmade of beans besides these pastries, young bamboo\\ntops, carrots cooked in vegetable oils, salted eggs, the\\nolder the better, grubs, worms, snakes, and snails are\\nalso eaten, while on the sea coast the fare is enriched\\nby fresh or dried fish, and jelly fishes. Cows being\\nexpensive to keep, milk and butter are not used, but\\npork, rats, cats, dogs, and animals who have died a\\nnatural death from disease, are included in the edibles\\nof the far from squeamish Chinese, especially on grand\\noccasions, such as wedding feasts, c.^ Having a\\nreally extraordinary gift of economical cookery, a\\nChinaman will live where a European would starve.\\nOn the frugal fare of rice, fish, and pickled cabbage,\\n^A Corner of Cathay A. M. Fielde", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "44 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nthe coolies will carry heavy weights, make long and\\nfatiguing journeys, and work extremely hard (when\\nthey choose) for daily wages, amounting to five pence\\nof our money. This ability to live on little, with such\\nsmall wages, enables Chinese emigrants to compete\\nsuccessfully with the higher rate of labour elsewhere.\\nMany, indeed, by their thrift, actually from such small\\nbeginnings, amass enough to set up shops and\\ngodowns, by which they realize fortunes, particularly\\nthose Chinese who have naturalized themselves as\\nBritish subjects at Singapore, to avoid the universal\\nsqueeze of the Mandarins, and the taxes of their\\nGovernment at home.^\\nIt should now be remarked that there is one European\\nadage very little regarded by the Chinese, viz., that\\ntime is money. They cannot comprehend the fever-\\nish activity and impatience of the unquaytse (foreign\\n1 Economy is practised by the Chinese in every other detail of\\ntheir lives. Clothes seldom varying in fashion, are intended to last\\nas long as possible therefore on good garments, there is scope for\\nexquisite and artistic embroidery, which renders them heirlooms in\\nthe family.\\nA. M. Fielde, tells us that the patterns and material for\\nclothing, are nearly the same for both sexes and all ages. The\\nshape is such, that not a scrap of the fabric is wrastedin the cutting.\\nThe weight hangs upon the shoulders, and there is no compression\\nor restriction of any muscle. While the costume is rriodest and\\nprotective, the amount of fabric used is small. Seven square yards\\nor less, make a complete summer suit, and thirteen square yards, a\\ncomplete winter suit, including all inner and outer garments worn\\nby either man or woman A Corner of Cathay, ch. ii., pp. 19, 20.\\n2 The Far East, ch. ii, p. 43. Sir H. Norman.", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "A WORD FOR THE CHINAMAN. 45\\ndevil) any more than a European admires their incredible\\ningenuity at deception. Calm and good-tempered, when\\nnot roused to fury or panic, the Chinese take everything\\nas its comes and men as they are, and actuated by\\ntheir philosophy of practical common sense, they are\\nnot disposed to be ruffled by disappointments. This\\napparent apathy, concealing powers of much passive\\nresistance, renders the Chinese dangerous sophists, for\\npossessing full control of their feelings, they are not\\ncarried away by heat of discussion, they avoid all weak\\npoints in their arguments, and discuss the most burning\\ntopics with a blandness and a subtle irony peculiar to\\nthemselves. According to the Chinese, well-bred people,\\nif they do disagree, should explain themselves calmly\\nand politely, while invective and threats (at which,\\nhowever, the Celestials can be great adepts), are con-\\nsidered to indicate want of dignity and strength of\\nmind, besides being a sure sign of defeat.\\nNational spirit as understood by Chinamen exists\\nchiefly among the literati^ who have shown great\\ninflexibiHty in their hostility to foreigners, although,\\nlike Shylock, they will buy with you, sell with you,\\ntalk with you, walk with you but will not eat with\\nyou, drink with you, nor pray with you. Among the\\ncommon people no thought is given to patriotism, and\\nthis accounts a good deal for the cowardice so con-\\nspicuously displayed in the recent war with Japan, by\\nthe raw recruits from all parts of the Empire under", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "46 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nincapable Mandarin officers. It is well known that the\\nChinese troops, mostly composed of coolies, mutinied,\\nand deserted in numbers, despite the terrors of decapi-\\ntation.\\nSpeaking of the hollowness and humbug exposed\\nduring the war. Sir Henry Norman writes, that\\nAgainst the French soldiers in Tonquin, as brave as\\npossible, but mere handfuls in number, exhausted by\\nthe climate, badly led, and feebly supported from home,\\nthe Chinese troops won a good many victories but\\nagainst the regiments of Japan, fighting in a climate\\nwhich was their own, admirably officered, perfectly\\narmed, and enthusiastically supported, the Chinese\\nbraves have fallen back like sheep. Sir H. Norman\\nadds, however, that the Chinese seamen do not want\\nfor courage, and would fight properly under good\\nofficers whom they do not possess.\\nThough the Chinese certainly showed little courage\\nduring the war with Japan, still it should be admitted\\nthat had they been drilled and disciplined by another\\nGordon, they might have held their ground better.\\nA Chinaman s courage can be roused by desire of\\nplunder as among the pirates, and it can also be\\nexcited by a feud. The inhabitants of two villages at\\nfeud will fight most desperately, quite oblivious of the\\nfact that they belong to the same race and the same\\n1 Far East, chap, xviii.", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "A WORD FOR THE CHINAMAN. 47\\ncountry. During the celebrated Taiping rebellion, the\\nrebels were so little deficient in valour, that their leader,\\na veritable Chinese Mohamet, very nearly upset the\\nImperial dynasty, had not General Gordon vanquished\\nhim with the Chinese soldiers he drilled so inflexibly into\\ndiscipline and unswerving obedience qualities quite\\nunknown to the raw levies, under equally ignorant\\nMandarins, who were sent to cope with the Japanese.\\nA Chinese when goaded over much by a Mandarin s\\nexactions will bravely attack his Yamen or Court, while\\nhe either flies in terror or tries a persuasive pourparler\\nOn one occasion the Celestials finding their Mandarin\\nwas taxing them far above the Government standard,\\ncame in a band to his Yamen, and destroyed all his\\npossessions, while at the same they set a guard over\\nthe Treasury, saying that Imperial property was sacred,\\nand should be preserved intact.\\nWhile claiming for the Chinese a certain degree of\\ncourage, which seems to be more negative than active,\\nMonseigneur Reynaud maintains the same opinion of\\nChinese sailors as Sir Henry Norman. The Bishop\\nwrites that they are exceflent sailors in the manage-\\nment of their fishing and trading junks that he has\\noften been on board a Chinese vessel in rough weather,\\nand has watched the sailors, calm and determined,\\nsoothing the frightened and clamorous passengers, and\\nmanceuvring their ship with bold dextenly while\\ndrenched by pain and deprived of sleep and food they", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "48 ANOTHER CHINA,\\ncontinued their voyage across the stormy sea, without a\\nmurmur or complaint. Consequently, if they can show\\nsuch qualities on board their junks, they could easily\\nbe trained on the warships were they under competent\\nofficers instead of ignorant Mandarins who do not know\\nthe A B C of naval tactics.\\nThe knowledge of all the excellent qualities inherent\\nin the Chinese must naturally inspire Catholic mis-\\nsionaries with great hope for the future of this singular\\npeople, even in spite of the strange inconsistencies of\\ncharacter and ideas produced by long centuries of\\npaganism and superstition.", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "CHINESE LANGUAGE AND INSTITUTIONS, 49\\nVIL\\nCHINESE LANGUAGE AND INSTITUTIONS*\\nLe style c esi Vhomme it is said, and it may be\\nfairly held that the language of a people is some\\nindication of its spirit and manner of living. The daily\\nlanguage of the Chinese is full of proverbial sayings,\\nwhich are in constant use among them, praising virtue\\nand condemning vice. Some of them point out the\\nvanity of worldly honours, the contempt of riches, the\\navoidance of pleasures that entail so much misery, the\\nhorror of injustice, the effects of anger and impatience,\\nthe folly of pride, the iniquity of slander, the shortness\\nof life, and so on. Others inculcate love of virtue,\\npractice of good works, esteem of wisdom, patience in\\ntroubles, forgetfulness of injuries, fidelity, gratitude,\\nhumility, and good example. The proverbs having\\nreference to charity are particularly expressive and\\nbeautiful and it is to be desired that our missionaries\\nshould make great use in their sermons and instructions\\nof these axioms in which may be heard distant echoes\\nof passages in the Gospel. The value of these proverbs,\\nwhich are accepted by the Chinese as irrefutable", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "50 ANOTHER CHINA,\\narguments, must not, however, be exaggerated as there\\nIS often a very great difference between words and\\nactions, as the Chinese admit themselves, in this local\\nproverb, There are people who talk like sages, and act\\nlike demons. We must not imagine that the Chinese\\nhave only these fine maxims on their lips, for many of the\\nfirst sentences learned by children are full of most awful\\ncurses, and indeed some of these proverbs express very\\nfalse and pagan ideas. The familiar use made by the\\nChinese of their proverbs seem to be a proof that they\\nare not solely employed as a mask to deceive others, and\\nthat even those who do not observe them, acknowledge\\ntheir truth, and cite them to conceal their own wrong\\ndoing. The language of an entire race cannot be one\\nuniversal falsehood and these moral notions, so often\\nrepeated, must be esteemed by individuals even if they\\ndo not always follow them and such clear ideas of good\\nand evil can surely be no obstacle to their conversion.\\nHaving said so much in favour of the language of\\nthe Chinese from a moral standpoint, we may add a\\nfew words as to the difficulty which Europeans find in\\nusing it. The dialect of Ning-Po is much softer, and\\neasier to learn than many of the others, and it also has\\nmore affinity to the Mandarin or Court dialect spoken\\namong the officials. Yet a foreigner can easily be mis-\\nled by the Chinese making the same word stand for\\ntotally opposite things, the meaning of which can only\\nbe detected by the diff erence of tone for instance, in", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "CHINESE LANGUAGE AND INSTITUTIONS. 51\\norder to avert the malice or evil eye of bad spirits, great\\nconfusion purposely exists as to terms of relationship.\\nIn one family the mother will be called aunt, while a next-\\ndoor neighbour will style his aunt, mother naturally\\ncreating misunderstandings, in which exasperating pro-\\npensity, the Chinese can display the most consummate\\ningenuity, especially where bewildered foreigners are\\nconcerned. The one word nai-nai, mother, is used\\nfor grand-mother, great-grand-mother, aunt, and grand-\\naunt, and the only solution to this Chinese puzzle lies in\\nthe question, In what degree of relationship is so-and-\\nso to your father and mother. The following anecdote is\\na good instance of such a misunderstanding, although\\nits result was exceedingly fortunate, which is not often\\nthe case on such occasions.\\nOne day a Catechumen arrived out of breath at the\\nmission station, and with tears in his eyes told the\\nmissionary his mother was dying. The father, thinking\\nhe meant his old Christian grandmother, fetched the Holy\\nOils, and hastened away. He had been twenty minutes\\non the road when the catechist who was accompanying\\nhim, asked Father, why have you brought the Holy\\nOils, for it is not the Christian grandmother who is ill,\\nbut the Catechumen s adoptive mother, who is a pagan\\nThe missionary thought it was very tiresome to be taken\\non a long expedition to see a pagan woman, but the\\nsudden inspiration struck him that God wished to\\nsave this poor soul, and therefore had allowed him to", "height": "3300", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "52 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nmisunderstand the Catechumen s meaning. Accordingly\\nthe missionary hurried along the bad road praying that\\nthe Sacred Heartwouldgrant the grace of conversion. This\\nheathen woman had formerly adopted the Catechumen,\\nbut she knew very little about his religion, though she\\nnever opposed his conversion, and merely said that she\\nwould die in the same beliefs as her ancestors. It was\\ndark when the missionary arrived, and at too late an\\nhour for him to do more than send a Christian to say to\\nthe poor woman, The father hearing you were ill, has\\ncome expressly to see you, and to exhort you to honour\\nGod and save your soul. Will you receive him to-\\nmorrow morning? The sick woman at once asked for\\nbaptism and was overjoyed to hear that the father had\\ncome to pour the Holy Water over her. As she was\\nnot in immediate danger she was instructed, and the\\nnext morning after Mass, the missionary questioned\\nher, and found to h*is joy that she only required baptism\\nto go straight to heaven. To prevent superstitious\\npractices after her death, the convert sent word to all her\\nheathen relations that she was dying a Christian, so that\\nthey should not prevent her burial according to the. rites\\nof the Catholic Church, as very often trouble arises\\nwhen a pagan dies at once after baptism, and the\\nheathens persist in declaring the baptism to be an\\ninvention of the European devil.\\nWe may now cast a glance upon the institutions of\\nthe country, which in a certain degree reflect its customs,", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "CHINESE LANGUAGE AND INSTITUTIONS. 53\\nand strike us more forcibly than proverbs, besides giving\\na more approximate view of one side of Chinese character.\\nThe institutions we speak of are societies or estabUsh-\\nments devoted to the reUef of misery, or to pubHc works\\nof great utihty. Now the Chinese have such institutions,\\nembracing every kind of good work, even including one\\nfor animals. Thus the English, who have a similar\\nassociation, have been anticipated by the Chinamen,\\nwho have societies for the purchase of animals, and\\nhomes where they let them end their days in peace.\\nThis respect for animal life, which is traded upon by the\\nbeggars who threaten to kill serpents, as a way of\\nextorting money unjustly, comes from the notion of\\ntransmigration of souls, in which the Chinese believe\\nand the dread of meeting with some unlucky ancestor\\nor near relation under the shape of a dog, or the\\nplumage of a cock, increases their tenderness for the\\nlives of beasts, to say nothing of an instinctive feeling\\nof compassion urging them to respect animals. At\\nShang-hai is an enormous refuge for bipeds and\\nquadrupeds in their old age. However, there are other\\ninstitutions of far greater importance than these, and\\nthe number of these is so great that only a few can\\nbe mentioned in these pages.\\nOrphanages. Everybody knows of the cruelty and the\\ninfanticide which is prevalent in China. In some dis-\\ntricts few famiUes will consent to maintain more than\\none daughter, while the rest are ruthlessly destroyed as", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "54 ANOTHER CHINA*\\nuseless creatures. But it is not generally known that\\nthis barbarous custom is repugnant to many Chinese,\\nwho endeavour to extirpate it, or at least to diminish\\nits frequency, by establishing orphanages for the reception\\nof these innocent victims. These are to be found in all\\nthe principal towns of this province, and even in some\\nwell-knovv^n country market-places. Doctors are attached\\nto these institutions, and the infants are confided to\\nnurses receiving a monthly payment and some clothes.\\nLater, the children are returned to their parents, if they\\nchoose to claim them, or else they are bought for a\\ndollar as little daughters-in-law by poor families, or they\\ntake service with the richer classes.\\nAhnshouses. These are for poor old men, who are\\nlodged and fed, and are sometimes permitted to have\\ntheir wives with them in a separate apartment. Often,\\nas in the capital of this province, each is given a small\\ncabin, with a monthly pension of a few cash for food,\\nbut the pagoda, which is in the middle of the settlement,\\nis for general use. Everyone lives and dresses here as\\nhe chooses. At the almshouse of Ning-Po and else-\\nwhere, the food is in common, and the society provides\\nthe necessary clothing. Younger people, who are infirm\\nor forsaken, and especially those who are blind, are\\nalso admitted into these refuges, where great liberty is\\nallowed, of which several profit by going out begging.\\nThis is very lucrative in China, almost a society in\\nitself, with its chiefs, its rules, privileges, and even its", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CHINESE LANGUAGE AND INSTITUTIONS, 55\\nown little penal code. The beggars are assigned their\\ndays and stations, the limits of which are not infringed\\nwith impunity. Nearly all the chiefs are rich and\\ninfluential, having their palanquins, and often living\\nin great style, while the simple beggars realize small\\nfortunes.\\nAsylums for Widows. -In China women cannot\\nsupport themselves, there being few industries for them,\\nand these bringing very insufficient wages. Poor\\nwidows, particularly those having children, who cannot\\nor will not marry again, are exposed to starvation and\\nvery grave moral dangers and in order to save them\\nfrom these miseries, the charitable societies have these\\npeaceful asylums for their benefit. Other widows,\\nliving with their families, are granted monthly alms,\\naccording to their necessities.\\nDispensaries, c. There are numbers of dispensaries\\nwhere patients are treated gratuitously, and druggists,\\nwhere medicines can be sold to the poor at a cheaper\\nrate, or are given for nothing. In the free schools the\\nchildren are taught the classics of their country.\\nCoffins, undertakers, and cemeteries, are provided for\\ndead paupers, or strangers, as well as places where the\\ndead can be kept until removed by their relations to\\ntheir own district. Moreover, men are employed to\\nkeep the public cemeteries m good order. Other societies\\nlook after travellers, as well as after the lighting, cleans-\\ning and paving of streets and high roads they repair", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "56 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nor construct bridges and ferry boats, or build kiosques\\non a good site, at stated distances, where one can find\\nfresh tea benches, and often magnificent scenery to\\nadmire.\\nThe poor are never forgotten. At the beginning of\\nwinter, the benevolent associations distribute bowls of\\nrice, clothes, and sometimes money. In several places\\nhot rice can be had every day at public stoves. On\\nNew Year s Eve at Ning-Po, the leading people of the\\ntown assemble the poor in the High street, to give them\\nclothes, rice, and two small rouleaus each in the form\\nof cash. Some societies undertake the care of dikes\\nand canals, while others, in fertile seasons, collect\\nquantities of provisions to be sold cheaply in periods\\nof scarcity, and money even is lent without interest,\\nto enable the very poor to gain a livelihood.\\nThese associations, as well as others all existing in\\nthis province, have been founded by some rich families,\\nand the Mandarins frequently issue edicts in their\\nfavour. Nearly all are sufficiently endowed, though\\nsome, such as the widows asylums, require annual\\nassistance, which is obtained by taxation of certain\\nprovisions or merchandize.\\nThough it may surprise our readers to hear of such\\nbeneficent associations among pagans, they should not\\nleap to the conclusion that China is a land of milk\\nand honey, where every unfortunate creature may be\\nsure of aid for these charitable institutions are deplor-", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "CHINESE LANGUAGE AND INSTITUTIONS- 57\\nably mismanaged. Great is the robbery and waste by\\nrapacious underlings, not to mention the utter careless-\\nness and the various abuses to be found in these Chinese\\nestablishments, thereby forming a striking contrast to\\nthose of our missions, to the wondering admiration of\\nthe natives. Still these good works prove that there is\\nsome feeling of philanthropy among these people, and\\neverywhere the missionaries constantly meet with souls,\\nwho, as TertuUian would say, are naturally Christians,\\nsince they can comprehend the spirit of charity.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "5^ ANOTHER CHINA.\\nVIIL\\nSOME VIRTUES OF THE CHINESE-\\nBenevolence is not the only virtue known among the\\nChinamen. It seems to be the general belief that they\\nare quite unacquainted with any sense of justice, and\\nthat every Celestial must be a thief from his childhood.\\nAlthough equity is liable to many mischances in the\\nmidst of a heathen nation, there are numerous straight-\\nforward people, whose scrupulous honesty would excite\\nadmiration in any Christian land.\\nA man, originally an inhabitant of Tye-Ky, near\\nNing-Po, had formerly a shop for pipes at Pekin which\\nwas in a flourishing condition. He just had the\\nhappiness of having a little son, when the arrival of\\nthe rebels forced him to fly from the capital. On his\\nreturn to his native village, he died, leaving his child\\nwho was too young to understand anything, quite\\nignorant of the past. Later on the youth heard some-\\nthing about the shop at Pekin, but as he knew he could\\nnever find it in such a large city, he made no inquiries.\\nFifty years passed, when one day an old man with a\\nwhite beard was seen in the streets of Tye-Ky, with\\nthe Pekin accent. He was seeking information, but", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "SOME VIRTUES OF THE CHINESE. 59\\nwithout givingf his reasons, concerning the man who had\\nforsaken the shop at Pekin. On seeing the photograph\\nof the man, he at once asked to see his son, to whom\\nafter very minute questions, the old man said, that he\\nhad been employed in this shop, which was confided to\\nhis care when his master left Pekin. For fifty years he\\ncontinued at the trade, and now before his death he\\nwished to give the earnings to the legitimate heir,\\namounting to 5,000 taels. The heir then wished to\\ndivide the sum with the old man, or to recompense his\\nhonesty in some degree, but he refused all reward and\\nreturned to die at Pekin,\\nIn the Sub-Prefecture of Ning-kai a peasant named\\nOu-te-lin had a large family, and did not even possess\\nan acre on which to grow rice for their support. On\\nthis account he worked on hire over thirty years, and was\\nmuch esteemed for his industry. As charitable as he\\nwas hardworking, he even found means to give alms. At\\nthe end of the year, when making up his little accounts\\nhe would put aside for charity any surplus over his\\nexpenses. He would not allow his wife to wash his\\nclothes for fear she should tear them, but he would\\nwash them himself with the greatest care, so that they\\nmight last longer and thus leave him more money for\\ngood works. Unfortunately he died a pagan, not know-\\ning of the Catholic religion which he would certainly have\\nembraced. However, his father, equally charitable, has\\nnow become a Catechumen.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "6o ANOTHER CHINA.\\nNear the same town there is a pagan, aged eighty,\\njustly esteemed by his neighbours as a model of probity.\\nAlthough he belongs to a rich family, he has led a life of\\nprivation for sixty years, so as to be able to do more\\ngood works. Since his childhood he has only worn\\nstraw shoes, and even in his advanced age will go seven\\nor eight miles to render a service. He has built more\\nthan forty bridges over the mountain torrents, and\\npaved miles of roads. His last work is a bridge of\\nthree arches over a swift river, where every year many\\nwere drowned trying to ford it, and to defray the\\nexpense he sold part of his property, keeping, with the\\nSipproval of his family, just enough for their maintenance.\\nCan it then be said that men capable of such charity can\\nnever become sincere Christians\\nThere is also another virtue, which more than charity\\nor justice, is supposed by some to have no existence\\nin China, and that fs the virtue of purity, which is\\nneither unknown nor despised by the Chinese, especially\\nin the country places where they are naturally simple,\\njust, and virtuous.\\nThe assertion that there has been more than one\\nChinese Lucrece may be disputed but although it may\\nbe easier to discover, than to speak of, those who have\\nby a voluntary death expiated an involuntary outrage,\\nstill the difficulty may be avoided by recounting two\\ncases, in which there are no repugnant features.\\nI have frequently seen triumphal arches or monuments", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "SOME VIRTUES OF THE CHINESE, 6i\\njn sculptured stone erected to the memory of people\\nremarkable for their virtues, and among these were\\nmany commemorating the continence and fidelity of\\nwidows, in refusing advantageous marriages. One of\\nthese arches has been recently erected by order of the\\nEmperor in memory of Kiou-He-Mei, a girl who was\\nbetrothed to a neighbour, who died a tew years later.\\nHer parents being already dead, her nearest relations\\ninsisted that she should be betrothed again. She so\\nsteadfastly refused her consent that her relations, with-\\nout her knowledge, secretly signed an engagement of\\nmarriage on her behalf. The wedding day approaching,\\nit became necessary to prepare her wedding clothes,\\nand to inform her of what had been done. Kiou-He-Mei\\nindignantly replied that they had deceived her shame-\\nfully, and that she would die, as she had lived a\\nvirgin. As nothing could shake her determination, her\\ndiscomfited relatives spread the report that the bride-\\ngroom s family would not accept their niece. These\\npeople, on the contrary, being most anxious for the\\nalliance, on account of the bride s excellent character,\\nbrought the case before the Mandarin, begging of him\\nto force He-Mei to fulfil the contract. The Mandarin,\\ninfluenced by his wife, took pity on the poor creature,\\nand avoided any decision by departing on a journey.\\nDuring his absence, the bridegroom s family bribed one\\nof the chief assessors of the Mandarin s court, who vainly\\ntried by violence and threats to compel He-Mei to give", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "62 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nher consent. In despair, and not knowing how to escape\\nher fate, she hanged herself in the court where she was\\nimprisoned. On his return, the Mandarin forced the\\nassessor to bury her with the same honours he should\\npay to his own mother, and he further petitioned the\\nEmperor s leave to erect a monument that should remind\\neveryone of the tried virtue and courage of the unhappy\\nKiou-He-Mei.i Many young people having heard her\\nsad history have refused to leave the paternal roof.\\nA-Kane, a young pagan girl at Ning-Po, had always\\nan aversion to marriage. Having come to learn\\nembroidery from the Sisters of Charity, she also\\nacquired a great devotion to our Blessed Lady. Her\\nmother, desirous to marry her against her will, recalled\\nher home, where she still lives, longing for baptism,\\npersevering in her resolution to remain single, praying\\nto the Blessed Virgin, and avoiding work on Sundays.\\nHowever, she knows that soon she will be shut up in a\\npalanquin, and sent to the bridegroom s house. When\\nthat day comes, she will not commit suicide, which she\\nis aware is a great crime but she will cut off all her\\nhair, and hopes on this account she may be returned. to\\nher parents.\\nThe Chinese have the utmost respect for the pro-\\nprieties of social intercourse, in which great reserve is\\nmaintained between men and women. It is really\\n1 See Frontispiece", "height": "3337", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "SOME VIRTUES OF THE CHINESE* 63\\nsurprising to see such strictness and decorum and\\nabsence of familiarity in tlie manners of a heathen\\nnation. The women are remarkably modest in all their\\nactions they rarely speak to the men, and are satisfied\\nwith the society of people of their own sex, even when\\nthere are family gatherings, and as it has already been\\nobserved, the Chinese are scandalized by the very\\ndifferent manners of the Europeans, which, in their\\neyes, appear to be exceedingly frivolous and indecorous.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "64 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nIX.\\nTHE NATIVE CATHOLIC BODY.\\nOur aim hitherto has been to show that, even taking\\nthe pagans of China as they are, they are not so utterly\\ndepraved as to leave us no hope of their conversion.\\nIt has been our deliberate aim to dwell on those aspects\\nof Chinese life and character, which show them at their\\nbest, in order to undermine, as far as possible, the\\nbelief that they are so bad that it is better to leave\\nthem alone; in other words, that they are beyond\\nredemption.\\nWe may now leave* the region of mere probabilities,\\nhowever interesting they may be, and turn to a different\\nsort of argument we may consider the standing and the\\nconduct of those of them who have actually renounced\\npaganism, and have fallen under the influence of the\\nCatholic religion. We may now consider whether the\\nwaters of baptism have not purified their hearts, en-\\nlightened their minds, and changed their mode of living\\nAs we must estimate our hopes of the future by the\\nresults of the past, this question is important, bearing\\nas it does on the arguments for and against the conver-", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "THE NATIVE CATHOLIC BODY, 65\\nsion of the Chinese. It is really a fact that we have\\nexcellent Christians among them, loving- relig-ion, and\\nunderstanding its obligations, which they regularly fulfil\\nin spite of obstacles and often painful sacrifices.\\nOf course we may have careless or even vicious people,\\nbut sooner or later they turn over a new leaf while\\napostacy is a rare occurrence, as everything is done\\nto test the reality of each conversion, and no pains are\\nspared for the instruction of Catechumens. In a land\\nlike China, where abuse of authority, bad administration,\\nlove of litigation, and a vengeful spirit are rife, if we\\nwere to open our doors to everybody, we should quickly\\nbe overwhelmed, and our whole time absorbed in set-\\ntling the quarrels of the people. Moreover, there is the\\ndanger of unwittingly posing as champions of unjust\\ncauses, besides the risk of opposition to the Mandarins,\\nwho, at best, barely tolerate us. Religion also would\\nsuffer, as the converts would be accused of interested\\nmotives in joining us. Hence it is very necessary to be\\nmost particular in the admission of Catechumens, and\\nto reject all who come to us with lawsuits. Before\\npagans can be inscribed as Catechumens, they must\\nrenounce all superstitions, destroy their idols, begin to\\nlearn the catechism and their prayers, and to live as if\\nthey were already Christians. When possible, they also\\nhave a period of probation in our settlements, where they\\nare imbued with the spirit of Christianity, and by good,\\nexample are trained in the maxims of the Gospel. The\\nF", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "66 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nmissionaries constantly catechize them, and explain\\nevery difficulty. In their own homes, too, they devote\\nthemselves to the study of Christian doctrine, and they\\noften sing their prayers during their work, or repeat\\nlessons while travelling, and some will even pay heathens\\nto teach them to read quicker. Many of these people are\\nilliterate others are advanced in years, and the greater\\nnumber are occupied supporting their families, so that\\nit requires courage to undertake the learning of prayers\\nand the catechism. The women are even worse off, as\\nthey generally cannot read one word. On an average\\nthe instruction and testing of Catechumens lasts a year,\\nand after baptism, they are subjected to a rule that\\nprevents their forgetting what they have learned. Every\\nSunday the Christians assembled in the Church must\\nrecite aloud the catechism, so that it is gone through\\nseveral times in the year. At the annual confession, the\\nmissionaries ask eath one questions from the catechism,\\nwhich obliges the people to recollect what they have\\nbeen taught. Experience has proved the value of this\\nrule, which is rigorously enforced in this province, and\\nin many other vicariates. Our Christians thus carefully\\ninstructed are usually pious and fervent, having an\\ninstinctive horror of the superstitions around them, and\\nwe have occasionally to moderate the zeal of those who\\nare too ready to express their contempt. At the same\\ntime it should be observed that some of our neophytes\\nare really confessors for the faith, owing to the tortures", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE NATIVE CATHOLIC BODY. 67\\nand ill-treatment inflicted to enforce compliance with\\nlocal superstitions. Their fidelity is more to be lauded,\\nas very often they are given the option of a small fine,\\nwhich they steadfastly refuse to pay. Our Christians\\nare most attentive to their devotions, and family prayer\\nis a general rule. They are very fond of the Rosary,\\nthe fifteen mysteries being sung at intervals in the\\nChurch on Sundays. Many old people spend their whole\\ntime praying, and there is great devotion to the Blessed\\nSacrament.\\nOne day a Christian woman at Ning-Po came at six\\no clock in the evening to ask for Holy Communion. The\\nastonished missionary replied it was impossible as she\\nshould be fasting, and that she would do better to look\\nover her catechism, which she seemed to have forgotten.\\nFather, said the woman, I know my catechism,\\nand I am still fasting notwithstanding this late hour.\\nBut I have a brutal husband w^ho prevents me coming\\nhere and as he went on a short journey to-day, I profited\\nby his absence to prepare for Holy Communion. Pray\\nlet us hasten, as should he return before I do, I shall be\\nbeaten. The missionary accordingly heard her con-\\nfession and gave her Holy Communion.\\nCommunions are frequent, and the young men go\\nonce a month to confession. Lent is so strictly observed\\namong them that it has not been thought expedient to\\npublish the mitigations allowed elsewhere.\\nThe Catholic Chinese have great faith in the inter-", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "68 ANOIHER CHINA.\\ncession of Our Lady. In one village, where a single\\nroom used as a chapel, could not contain the 200\\nCatechumens, matters were rendered still worse by the\\nriver (after the fashion of Chinese rivens) threatening to\\nleave its bed in order to flow in the direction of the\\npoor chapel. A vow was made that a good church,\\ndedicated to the Queen of Angels, should be erected if\\nby her intercession this misfortune could be averted,\\nand on Sundays the Christians were to chant the Rosary\\nfor this intention. A few months later a small island\\nformed in front of the chapel, and the river retreated\\nmore than a mile away from its dangerous course,\\nwhile actually rushes and reeds have grown upon this\\nimmense extent of ground abandoned by the river\\nKiang. A dike was to be made as well as irrigating\\ncanals, and soon, as if by magic, fine harvests were\\nexpected to spring from the new and fertile soil. In\\nconsequence of this successful appeal to Our Lady s\\nintercession, many pagans have become neophytes, and\\nthe Church of Our Lady of the Angels now has plenty\\nof room for its congregation.\\nWe have just lost an old patriarch in the village of\\nMa-pong, who used to spend long hours adoring the\\nBlessed Sacrament, and on his return home he would\\nread the Lives of the Saints. He was not the only one\\nto visit the Church, where fervent Christian women\\ncome to kneel in turn before the tabernacle, and on\\nFridays they assemble for the devotion of the Way of", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "THE NATIVE CATHOLIC BODY. 69\\nthe Cross The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin is a\\nfavourite devotion among young girls. Those who are\\nunmarried recite it every day together, when there are\\nseveral in the same village. Their example is some-\\ntimes followed by married people and one day on\\nentering the chapel of Chan-lin to read his breviary,\\nMonsigneur Reynaud was greatly surprised to find there\\na man and woman reciting their office aloud, answering\\neach other like two choirs. They were the catechist\\nand his wife, who were in the habit of doing so every\\nday. The Chinese kneel in the Church the whole time\\nduring their prayers, which they also sing aloud. So\\nmelodious and devotional is this chant that one could\\nspend entire days listening to it, and it is the general\\nopinion of European and Chinese missionaries that even\\nthe saints in heaven could not sing more divinely.^\\nSpeaking of the virtues of the Christian life, the\\npractice of them is well known to our neophytes. They\\nhave the faith, the true faith, a lively faith. As I write\\nHowever, on the principle that ever}^ eye forms its own idea\\nbeauty, it may be remarked that there can be a difference of opinion\\nconcerning the musical abilities of Chinese Catechumens so highly\\nextolled by Monsigneur Reynaud. An English lady, who is a\\nmember of his ilock, described the first Sunday in China as one\\nlong attempt to suppress mirth at the fearful uproar going on during\\nMass and Benediction, when every Celestial in the congregation\\nsang in his own favourite key. He who squalled loudest, prayed\\nbest, while some fervent women kept up a high soprano in a nasal\\norgan. All the devotions are sung in the same fashion, and the\\nChinese appear able to go on like wound-up machines. But there\\nis no accounting for tastes. (Editor s Note.)", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "7o ANOTHER CHINA,\\nmy mind reverts to a young catechist, who knows\\nhis religion almost as well as an aged theologian, and\\nperhaps practises it better. He might be well ordained\\na priest at once, only that he happens to be married.\\nBut I have no loss on that account, for his eldest son is\\nin the seminary, and he is even more like his father in\\nhis moral, than in his physical, quahties. When there\\nis question of gaining souls for this good man, nothing\\ncan stop him, nothing can fatigue him, neither distance,\\nnor hunger, nor bad weather. His life consists in doing\\ngood, and in preaching, expending all his strength and\\nhis money. How often has his mother come to me,\\nwith tears in her eyes, begging me to moderate his zeal.\\nHe will kill himself, she says, he forgets to eat and\\nto sleep, he has no time except for the service of God\\nand his neighbour. Affable and modest as an angel,\\nno one can resist him. It is a pleasure to hear him\\nexhort the dying and preach to the pagans and it is\\neven more beautiful to see him practise humility, patience,\\nand all the Christian virtues. His heart seems to be\\nset on things above this world, for which he has a true\\ncontempt.\\nA few pages back, I was speaking of another edifying\\nChristian, whom we have recently lost it is now time to\\nmention his sister. Possessing superior qualities, hand-\\nsome, intelligent, kind-hearted, and endowed with good\\nmanners, she has devoted them all to God, and for\\nthirty years has been at the head of an orphanage which", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "THE NATIVE CATHOLIC BODY. 71\\nshe manages admirably. Far from receiving a salary,\\nshe spends her own means on this institution, and she\\nwould like to leave to others the care of the big strong\\norphans, so that she might have to herself all the small\\nweakly children including idiots and other invalids.\\nIncapable of doing anything wrong, this iimocent soul\\nimagines she does not love God enough, her humility\\nbeing as profound as her charity while her patience\\nand her tenderness gains her the love of all the orphans.\\nHer nephew Koang-yao resembles his aunt in all the\\nChristian virtues. As a distinguished scholar he had\\nmore chance of obtaining his degree than his comrades\\nbut he preferred a simple life to the false glitter of\\nworldly honour. As a physician renowned among the\\nChinese, he also prefers attending the poor gratuitously,\\nto the rich who would pay him well. He helps his aunt\\nin the care of the orphans, and is the purveyor of the\\nestablishment in spite of the trouble it entails. His\\nspare moments are spent in reading religious works\\nwith which he is so well acquainted, that he is quite a\\ntheologian. One of his sons is a Seminarist, his eldest\\ndaughter according to a family tradition has entered a\\ncommunity, while her only sister lived unmarried with\\nher parents, and never went out anywhere except to the\\nchapel and the orphanage With talent like her aunt\\nshe strove to imitate her piety, virtue, and recollection.\\nAt the age of twenty-seven she died like a little saint\\nwhich was the name given her in the village. Her third", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "72 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nbrother threatens to follow her soon, his already broken\\nhealth having been greatly shaken by the loss of his\\nwife and child. Though quite resigned, he is preparing\\nfor death, which he neither fears nor regrets, by giving\\nhis means to charitable works. There are many other\\nfamilies like this one; for instance, the family of Chu, at\\nNing-Po, every generation of which gives a priest to the\\nChurch, and at present the eldest daughter is a Sister of\\nCharity, the second a postulant, and the third a Virgin\\nof Purgatory. This family has been photographed in\\na single group, which is reproduced on the opposite\\npage.\\nSpeaking of native religious, I may remark that there\\nis a community of nuns composed of women from the\\nbest Chinese families, devoted to prayer and good works\\nfor the souls of Purgatory and there are also excellent\\nChinese Sisters of Charity, whose yellowish complexions\\nunder the cornette .alone distinguish them from their\\nEuropean sisters. They will be of the utmost use by\\ngoing out wherever they are wanted in bands, to work as\\nschool-mistresses and catechists, to instruct girls and\\nwomen. This is of the highest importance, as it is\\ncontrary to Chinese etiquette for the missionaries to\\napproach them, and it is most essential that the mother\\nof a family should be the first converted, for she will\\nbring after her the husband and children, and keep\\nthem to the practice of their religion. So convinced are\\nmany missionaries of this, that they often refuse to", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3294", "width": "2120", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "THEINATIVE CATHOLIC BODY. 73\\nBaptize the men without their wives. The Catechumens\\nbeing now so numerous, it is impossible for them all\\nto journey down to the large mission stations as they\\nused to do formerly, and whole villages are apparently\\nwaiting until the women can be instructed.\\nThe following remarks will show the importance of\\nChinese nuns, on the mission where there are 100,000,000\\nwomen ignorant of the Christian religion The state\\nof degradation to which heathenism has brought the\\nwomen and girls of China is truly pitiable. The higher\\nclasses are secluded in their own homes, just as in India,\\nand spend miserable aimless lives, almost their only\\noccupation being smoking, drinking tea, and embroider-\\ning tiny shoes for their poor crippled feet. You rarely\\nfind one among them who can read, or is in any way\\neducated.\\nBut though we speak of the ignorance and degradation\\nof the women of China, they are by no means naturally\\nstupid. On the contrary, where they have opportunities\\ngiven them for developing their mental powers, they\\nshow themselves to be an intelligent race, well repaying\\nthe trouble spent in their teaching and training.\\nThere are also native missionaries, Chinese priests\\nwho say Mass, and fulfil every sacerdotal duty, and\\nthey are invaluable by their tact in managing business,\\nWritten by the late Mrs. Stewart, Dithlin University Missionary\\nMagazine, p. 23, October, 1895. This is Protestant evidence but\\nnone the less valuable on that account.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "74 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nand by introducing the Catholic religion into regions\\nwhere otherwise it would be rejecte^d as a foreign\\ninstitution. Their respect for authority, their zeal for\\nconversions, and their unaffected piety render them\\nworthy of our gratitude and esteem.\\nIt may then be asked if there be such good Chinese\\npriests, where is the urgent need of more European\\nmissionaries But the answer to the question is simple\\nenough. Though the native clergy are of such assist-\\nance, they are unable to have the sole charge of districts\\nas large as great European dioceses, without the\\nguidance of a European missionary. Many cases arise\\nin which, by his superior knowledge and experience,\\nthe latter is better able to give a decision than his\\nChinese comrade, w^ho is not so capable of directing\\nother people. The general rule, therefore, is to place a\\nEuropean priest at the head of a mission, with one or\\ntwo native missionarfes as his curates. Even at Pekin,\\nwhere there are old Christian families of three hundred\\nyears standing, the Chinese priests require the support\\nof a European missionary. How much more do they\\nrequire him in the Vicariate of Tche-Kiang, where the\\nCatechumens are nearly all new Christians. The\\nmissionaries are of opinion that it is only after four\\ngenerations that the Chinese can be thoroughly imbued\\nwith the spirit of the Catholic faith. For this reason,\\nonly Chinamen whose families have been Catholics for\\ntwo or three centuries, are admitted to the priesthood", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "^HE NATIVE CATHOLIC BODY, 75\\nConverts of a recent date are never accepted without a\\nspecial dispensation, which is seldom applied for, and\\nwhich is still more seldom granted.\\nBaron Von Hlibner, in his book of travels, says that\\nthe native priests eagerly seek theological discussions,\\nbut, more subtle than profound, they rarely go beyond\\na certain point in science. Vis-a-vis European mis-\\nsionaries they feel, and sometimes resent, their inferiority,\\nbut if treated with gentleness and discernment they\\nbecome excellent fellow-labourers. With regard to\\nmorals, they leave nothing to be desired. They have\\nnever yet been promoted to the higher grades of the\\nhierarchy.\\n^Ramble Round the World, vol. ii., p. 423.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "76 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nOUR FUTURE PROSPECTS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 EVIDENCE OF\\nTHE MISSIONARIES*\\nWhat we have said about the native CathoHcs of\\nChina, people and priests, may lead the reader already\\nto surmise that, numerous and grave as are the obstacles\\nto the complete success of our Chinese mission, they\\nmay not prove to be insurmountable. The Chinese\\nhave a proverb which says, True gold does not dread\\nfire. Now we have shown that the Chinese converts\\nhave stood this test in the past, and that they are\\nstanding it now h^ce we may conclude with the\\nproverb that there is some true gold among them.\\nAnd really when we consider their sincerity as I have\\ndescribed it, when we consider that at the call of grace\\nthey have trampled under foot all human respect, and\\nhave voluntarily exposed, and do expose, themselves to\\ninsult and persecution, how can we imagine China to\\nbe a country invincibly opposed to the progress of\\nreligion and the ethics of the Gospel On the contrary,\\nthe alms of the faithful and the labours of the missionaries\\nhave not fallen upon an arid soil, nor has the word of", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS, 77\\nthe Gospel been like a seed lost, or stifled among thorns;\\nbut, as will be seen still further by the results to be\\nrecounted in this chapter, it is striking very deep roots\\nindeed.\\nMost of the obstacles to the conversion of the Chinese\\ndo not arise so much from the faults of individuals, as\\nas from the hatred of the Mandarins, the calumnies of\\nthe literati^ and family persecution and as it has already\\nbeen observed, it is chiefly the absence of real liberty,\\nand some want of courage, that we have to take into\\naccount in reckoning the chances of Catholicity in the\\nCelestial Empire. At the risk of some repetition, we\\nmay say here another word on the qualities of the\\nChinaman that are supposed effectually to bar all chance\\nof his conversion. But even granting the worst\\ngranting that the Chinese are addicted to cupidity,\\npride, lying, cheating, and thieving all of which vices\\nare especially opposed to our religion, which breathes\\ncharity, justice, humility, purity, devotion, and truth\\ncertainly the above dispositions are not of themselves\\na proof that the earth of the Chinese heart is in a\\nfavourable condition for being tilled. But Instead of\\nthe above enumeration of vices (which It would be easy\\nto prolong still further), why not say in one word that\\nthe Chinese are still pagans, and In this respect are\\nthe same as other pagans If the above-mentioned\\ncatalogue of vices was the peculiar and exclusive heritage\\not the Chinese, and a sort of infallible mark by which", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "78 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nthey might be distinguished from the rest of man-\\nkind, pagan and Christian, how many Chinese, alas\\nwould be found outside of China, and even in civilized\\ncountries The invasion of the Yellow Race which so\\nmany thinkers fear for the future of Europe, might be\\nthought to have commenced already perhaps to be far\\nadvanced.\\nOn the other hand, if the Chinese were altogether\\nfree from the vices which are, with more or less justice,\\nimputed to them, they would then be our superiors,\\nand would be no longer in need of conversion. We\\nshould go to them for the purpose of imitating, and\\nnot of converting, them if conversion means not\\nmerely passing from one altar to another, but also\\nincludes a complete change of life along with a change\\nin one s beliefs. If then the Chinese are bad, they are\\nall the more in need of our compassion and help,\\nespecially if, as I hav^ tried to show, in spite of their\\nvices, which are common to all heathens, they have\\nalso several excellent qualities that can only facilitate\\nand consolidate the work of their salvation.\\nOne defect which I have referred to above, the super-\\nstitious character of the Chinese, must now again come\\nfor a moment under consideration. We have seen that\\nin certain respects their superstitions may be considered\\nas a serious difficulty in our way. Here, however, I\\nshould like to point out, what I have not hitherto\\nremarked, namely, that even their erroneous beliefs", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS* 79\\nmay in a certain sense count in their favour, inasmuch\\nas they may sometimes tend to show a strong yearning\\nafter the Supernatural. After all, an indifferent pagan,\\nhaving no faith in his idols, no idea of a future life, or\\nregarding it as the veriest fable, is prone to be far less\\nsusceptible than the others to the arguments of the\\nCatholic priest. I may as well give an instance here of\\nthe conversion of a very superstitious person. A hump-\\nbacked man on the island of King-Tang has four grown\\nsons who are already grandfathers. The very numerous\\nfamily were all converted, excepting the wife of the\\nsecond son, who resisted all efforts for her conversion\\nto a religion the very name of which w^as enough to put\\nher in a fury. She did all in her power to dissuade her\\nhusband, who on the day of his baptism could find\\nneither socks nor shoes, and had to appear at church\\nbarefooted, which looked very odd in contrast with his\\nfine clothes, which his wife forgot to hide as well.\\nConquered by her husband, at least she refused to allow\\nher children to be baptized, and when the missionary\\npaid a visit, she would go to the female bonzes to pray\\nwith them or else she would remain to make a noise,\\nscolding her children, laughing with the neighbours, or\\nrattling cups and saucers during Mass or sermon, and\\nby way of protest she was most fervent in observance\\nof local superstitions and idolatrous practices. One\\nday her husband, very seriously ill, said to her I am\\ndying because you will not become a Christian. She", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "8o ANOTHER CHINA.\\nreplied I will become a Christian only if you are\\ncured. This was requiring a miracle, as the man s\\nlife was despaired of however, he had a dream/ and\\non awaking told his wife to go to a certain mountain\\nfor a particular herb which she would find there, adding\\nthe Blessed Virgin had just told him this herb would\\ncure him. The wife obeyed his order, and the infusion\\nprepared from this plant cured him immediately. Over-\\njoyed, the wife kept her promise and prepared for\\nbaptism, and the first time she saw the missionary,\\nshe fell on her knees and begged he would baptize her\\nchildren as soon as possible. Now, whenever he comes,\\nshe prepares the tea and refreshments, prevents all\\nnoise during Mass, and takes care to call everyone to\\nprayers, and by her fervour and good example she\\nendeavours to atone for her former behaviour.\\nAlthough we have met with those who were perfectly\\ninsensible to every feligious feeling, yet in the province\\nof Tche-Kiang (which is one of the most superstitious\\nin China), the greater number of the people do believe\\nin something. Above all, they believe that it is not in\\nvain for people to live well in this world, as in the next\\nthere is a heaven and a hell, representations of which\\n1 The Chinese CathoHcs have often great confidence in dreams,\\nand perhaps their faith is rewarded. At least Monseigneur Reynaud\\nappears to quote this instance as though the dream was probably in\\na certain sense supernatural. He does not advert further to the\\nquestion, but our attention has been drawn to it from another\\nsource. (Editor s Note.)", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS* 8i\\nin the pagodas are often shown by their bonzes, and\\nthey have an expressive proverb, saying: ^*The good\\nwill have the recompense due to virtue, and the wicked\\nthe chastisement due to evil and if this retribution has\\nnot yet come, it is because the time for it has not yet\\narrived.\\nThe anxiety of the Chinese for a happy eternity\\nprompts many of them to make painful vows, to under-\\ntake distant pilgrimages or long and rigorous fasts,\\nwhich often last a lifetime. I know of one poor widow\\nwho for twenty years had been saving for a pilgrimage,\\nand at last sold her cow, which was her most valued\\npossession, in order to fulfil her vow before death.\\nThe bonzes, who kneel motionless before their idols,\\nwhile one by one their fingers are consumed by a piece\\nof burning incense the rough hermits, who fly from the\\nworld to shut themselves up in cold grottos among\\ndesolate mountains, where their severe penances invol-\\nuntarily recall to us the lives of the Fathers in the\\ndesert what motive but the thought of a future\\nrecompense could reconcile them to such cruel muti-\\nlation, such frightful privations\\nThe spirit inspiring such practices may often be less\\nan obstacle to conversion than a remote preparation,\\nprx)ving that there is plenty of good will, although it\\nis for the time unfortunately turned in the wrong direc-\\ntion. As a rule, the heathens do not offer any serious\\ndefence of their false beliefs, nor do they try to", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "82 ANOTHER CHINA,\\noppose our doctrines. Once their naturally subtle\\nminds are open to conviction, they comprehend quickly\\nenough that their superstitions are as ill-founded as\\nour dogmas are worthy of the highest respect and\\nveneration. If they have followed a false religion, it\\nhas been through ignorance of the true faith, and\\nbecause they could find nothing better in their own\\ncountry. Therefore, we may assume that as far as the\\nconversion of the Chinese is concerned, their very pro-\\nclivity to superstition may be turned to good account.\\nLeaving once more considerations of a theoretical\\nnature, I will proceed to deal with an assertion some-\\ntimes made, namely, that conversions en masse are no\\nlonger possible in China. Now the falsity of this state-\\nment can be best contradicted by events that occur in\\nthis very province, where on all sides we are invited into\\nlarge villages, and deputations are sometimes sent to us\\nby entire cantons. .Overwhelmed by these petitions,\\nmy own missionaries no longer suffice for the work, and\\non all sides they are begging for helpers. The best proof\\nI can give for this is to lay before the reader a few\\nextracts from their letters, which will give some idea of\\ntheir labours and of their hopes.\\nMonsieur Louat writes The town of Lo-tsching\\ncontinues to afford us much satisfaction Catechumens\\nabound everywhere, and we have merchants and even\\n/z/^r^/2 among them. With a chapel and a missionary\\nhere, there would soon be a flourishing congregation.", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS, 83\\nI have just visited the two Sub-Prefectures of Pin-yan,\\nand Che-ngan, where conversions are rapidly extending-,\\nand if we had more help the progress would be much\\ngreater. The innumerable converts at Sien-tso had not\\nbeen warned of my arrival, but they came in crowds\\nlast Sunday from a distance of three to four miles. The\\nChurch cannot hold them all, and half the congregation\\nheard Mass outside. A deputation from Kin-Shiang in\\nthe South of Pin-yan, came to beg of me to go back\\nwith them to preach to many converts who had never\\nseen a missionary, but believed heartily in our religion\\nwhich they heard of from other Catechumens. Much\\nto my regret I was obliged to defer this journey on\\naccount of all my work at Pin-yan and Che-ngan. In\\nthe last-mentioned place, the majority of the inhabitants\\nthink it would be well to have us, while some announce\\ntheir determination to oppose our coming there. We\\nare offered houses everywhere, and we shall be well\\nreceived, as even literati have joined In the general wish\\nfor our arrival. The town is the first In my district, but,\\nas at Pin-yan, one missionary cannot do all the work,\\na chapel and a school are required, but, aware of your\\npoverty, I do not Indulge in these dreams, which could\\neasily become realities had we the means. Passing by\\nHong-Kiao I found our Christians very quiet. It is\\nthe largest market-place in the Prefecture, and on\\ncertain days attracts thousands of peasants. Our little\\ncongregation has Increased so fast, that at every visit", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "84 ANCfHER CHINA,\\nI have to employ one whole day in making the acquaint-\\nance of our new recruits. If we could only be estab-\\nlished there if we were not so poor, and so few if so\\nmany souls were not thereby the losers, I should not\\ncomplain.\\nThis letter gives only a passing glimpse of three or\\nfour stations, and there are twenty-seven in that district,\\nall expanding. Among these should be cited the\\nimmense Prefecture of Tsu-tcheou-fou, with ten Sub-\\nPrefectures, and thousands of inhabitants. This is a\\npoor and mountainous district full of upright men\\nbelonging to various religious sects, who seem ready to\\nembrace the true faith. A very curious caste of people\\nlive beside them, differing completely in manners,\\nlanguage, and dress. These are the A-Kha, or exiles\\nand emigrants from other places. They lead their own\\nlife, do not intermarry with the natives, and live in\\ncabins made of straw at the foot of the mountains.\\nThey are a finer and more robust type of men, and their\\nhonesty is so remarkable that they would make splendid\\nconverts. I should like to have a dozen missionaries\\nthere, and we have only one catechist.\\nOuen-tcheau is the most ill-conditioned Prefecture\\nin the province, being the abode of pirates, and a\\npopulation so dense that it cannot be supported on the\\nland fertile as it is therefore, many are driven to live\\nat the expense of others. The Mandarins and the rich\\ntremble before the pirates, some of whom by their", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS. 85\\nbravery are almost heroes fit for a novel, and one man\\nwas so powerful that to weaken his influence the\\nauthorities made him a Mandarin Strange to say this\\nregion is also the most pious in the province, having as\\nmany bonzes as pirates and there is a sarcastic saying\\nthat if there be two boys in a family, the elder becomes\\na pirate, while the younger is to be a bonze, that his\\ncontinual prayers may expiate his elder brother s mis-\\ndeeds, and avert the anger of heaven from the family.\\nThe monasteries are to be found everywhere, and the\\nbonzes in this district enjoy a better reputation than\\nelsewhere, although superstition is rife there. Their\\ninfluence is so enormous that if we convert one of these\\nmen, his example is certain to be followed by entire\\nvillages.\\nHere is one of the last letters received from Monsieur\\nLepens, who is in charge of this district More than\\na thousand Catechumens from Po-yen came to San-\\nKiao for the feast of the Assumption. They have eaten\\nthirteen bags of rice, for which they paid as well as for\\ntheir other meals here. At Po-yen the conversions are\\nen masse, and what is to be done There should be a\\nmissionary station at Hai-men, as the river is incon-\\nveniently in the way on account of the tides and the\\ninsufficiency of boats, so that the people starting at\\nmidnight do not reach the church till the next evening\\nFive or ten chapels in central situations are needed, but\\nwhere are the funds Should not an effort be made for", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "86 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nthe salvation of so many thousands A Chinese priest\\nhas visited Sien-kin, where the Catechumens despaired\\nof ever seeing a missionary. A Protestant European\\ncame to arg-ue with him, and his thirty followers\\nthreatened to fall upon us if we came there and the\\npriest had much trouble quieting our Catechumens,\\nwho they say number 10,000. Two cantons have joined\\nas under the leadership of three literati civilians, and\\nanother who is a military man, so the Chinese priest\\nhas hired a large house for a chapel. Our old Ouang at\\nEa-Ky continues his miracles by means of holy water.\\nHe drives away devils, cures the sick, and even the\\npagans apply to him, which explains the great number\\nof conversions. But a chapel is sadly wanted, as we\\nstill have the old granary in which to say Mass, where\\nyou forbade women coming, as gambling and opium\\nsmoking went on in the room underneath. It is impos-\\nsible to hear confessions there. In many other stations\\nCatechumens are increasing, and we are simply over-\\nwhelmed.\\nIn another letter we are reminded that three poor\\nmissionaries cannot superintend properly so many\\nstations full of converts, extending over four prefec-\\ntures, where there are at least 800,000 infidels, and the\\nmissionaries are like drops of water in the ocean. It is\\nnot the insufficiency of our labours, but of our priests\\nthat is to be deplored. Without any exaggeration, a\\nhundred missionaries could find plenty of serious labour,", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS.\\n87\\nand in ten years they would not be sufficient, as fresh\\ndistricts would be opened on all sides. Our Christians,\\ntherefore, would be far more numerous were it not that\\nthe missionaries are no longer able to cope with their\\nwork among such multitudes of Catechumens.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "88 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nXL\\nOUR WORKERS AND THEIR WANTS*\\nIn the preceding pages I have given, at some length,\\nmy views of the Chinese, and also, as far as my limits\\nwill permit, I have in a general way described the present\\nstate of the mission, and the grounds which we see for\\nhoping for better results in the future than have been\\nachieved in the past. In the following section it is\\nproposed to describe in somewhat greater detail our\\nresources and the methods of our work. The illustra-\\ntions in this little book represent some of our work,\\nand I will here describe those which are not depicted in\\nthe photographs, as well as those that are. As each\\none of our several works entails expense, it is hardly\\nnecessary to point out to the reader that in describing\\nour various works, I am at the same time indicating the\\nvarious needs of the mission.\\nThe Missionaries. In the desperate contest between\\nheaven and hell for the souls of men, priests are the\\nproper officials deputed to fight for God and His Catholic\\nChurch, and to win from the demon slaves who without\\ntheir intervention would be lost for ever. Peaceable", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "OUR WORKERS AND THEIR WANTS, 89\\nsoldiers of the cross they effect immense conquests for the\\ntrue faith indefatigable labourers they sow the good seed\\nof salvation in all directions, often fertilizing it by their\\nsufferings, and sometimes by their blood. They are the\\nmain springs of every work undertaken for the conver-\\nsion of the heathens who are perishing in thousands.\\nTherefore, the need of missionaries is most urgent\\namong these poor pagans, so that these souls wander-\\ning in darkness may have a chance of receiving a ray\\nof hope.\\nThe Semmaries. In obedience to the Holy See, and to\\nsupply the paucity of priests, everything is being done\\nto train native priests who are indispensable on the\\nmission. In the Petit Seminaire at Chusan, there\\nare forty youths, studying Latin and other sciences\\nunder a French missionary, so as later to become learned\\nclergymen with attainments superior to those of the\\nChinese literati. In the Grand Seminaire the\\nstudents apply themselves to theology, which is taught in\\nLatin and in one European language, and they also follow\\nother classes to acquire knowledge that will be useful\\nin their future ministry. It is really important that the\\nnative clergy should be highly educated in a country\\nwhere learning, though based on the teachings of\\nConfucius, and of the most antiquated description, is\\nheld in such great esteem by all ranks of people, from\\nthe highest to the lowest. Every Chinese boy constantly\\nhears the proverb that ministers and generals are not", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "90 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nborn in office, and that the only way to rise in life is\\nby the pursuit of learning and the severe competitive\\nexaminations, the principle of which has been adopted\\nnowadays in Europe. In every city of China there is\\nthe examination hall with small cells for students, and\\nlarger apartments for the examiners, and places where\\nmen are stationed to watch that the students have no\\nassistance in their labours^ There have been instances\\nwhen a grandfather of eighty, his son and grandson,\\nhave competed in the same examination for the same\\ndegree, which in one case was won by the old man.\\nAt Foo-chow, in 1889, nine candidates aged eighty,\\nand two aged ninety, went through some examina-\\ntions with much credit, and men of sixty, if they\\ndo not succeed in gaining any of the three higher\\ndegrees, receive an honorary one in recompense of their\\nindustry.\\nIn the province* of Anhui, says Mr. Smith, thirty-\\nfive of the competitors were over eighty years of age,\\nand eighteen over ninety Could any other country\\nafford a spectacle like this\\nBrothers, These have a double vocation. They in-\\nstruct our orphan boys in different trades for their liveli-\\nhood, and educate these poor children as good Christians.\\nOf the boys entrusted to their care, some are taught\\n1 A Cycle of Cathay, chap, ii W. A. P. Martin.\\nChinese Characteristics, chap. iv. Rev. A. Smith.", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "OUR WORKERS AND THEIR WANTS. 91\\nagriculture on a farm belonging to the mission/ others\\nbecome tailors, shoemakers, carpenters, c., and it is also\\ndesirable that they should be taught the weaving of satin,\\nwhich would be a very lucrative employment. Had they a\\ngood European artisan, there would be plenty of work on\\naccount of the great quantity of the satin required for\\nembroideries therefore, during his visit to France,\\nMonseigneur Reynaud intends to seek for some lay\\nbrothers acquainted with the process of weaving.\\nThe Brothers are also in demand as teachers in\\nrespectable pagan families, who desire their sons to be\\ninstructed in some European languages and sciences,\\nand this naturally brings the best families in contact\\nwith the Catholic missionaries.\\nSisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, Their\\nwork has been frequently mentioned in these pages,\\nand it will not be necessary to say much about\\nthem here. Besides, they direct many of the good\\nworks which I have still to mention. These include\\nno less than 8 hospitals, 4 hospices, 5 dispensaries,\\n10 schools, and 5 orphanages the sisters being in\\n1 Respecting the acquisition of land and houses in China, a right\\nsecured to the missionaries after the Arrow War, by the French,\\nit may be well to mention that very often in the interior the local\\nofficials will oppose the purchase as much as they can, and we are\\ntold by Mr. Martin that a favourite mode of nipping new missions\\nin the bud has been for the local officials to refuse consent, and\\napply the bamboo to all persons concerned in a sale. Hereafter\\nsuch proceedings will not be so frequent, but no one who knows\\nChina imagines that they will cease. A Cycle of Cathay, chap, xv.,\\np. 443. W. A, P. Martin.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "92 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nnumber 35, including, as I have stated, several natives.\\nI will only add to this statement, that their influence\\namong all classes in the Vicariate is very great, and\\nthat we could hardly wish for a more eloquent argument\\nfor the religion which we represent than the one which\\nis furnished by their presence, and the work which is\\naccomplished by their devotion.\\nVirgins of Purgatory. The religious of this Institute\\nare exclusively composed of natives. Their work,\\nlike that of the Sisters of Charity, consists to a great\\nextent in the management of orphanages, schools, and\\ninstitutions for women. Their special devotion, as is\\nshown by their official title, is to the Holy Souls, and often\\nto the most abandoned among them. Each day they offer\\nfor the solace of these poor souls, their works, their suffer-\\nings, and all their satisfactions. The foundation is a\\nrecent one, made in response to the expressed wishes of\\nthe Holy See tlieir vows are the usual ones of religion,\\nbut they are made annually. The Community consists\\nmostly of young women, and they give us the greatest\\nhopes for the future, as well as the deepest consolation\\nat the present time.\\nCatechists. Like sentinels on outpost duty, these men\\nprepare the way for the missionaries, by instructing\\nCatechumens, settling local difficulties, preaching to the\\npagans, baptizing the dying, and leading the devotions\\non Sundays, where there is no priest to say Mass, in the\\nchapels of which the Catechists are in charge. They", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "OUR WORKERS AND THEIR WANTS, 93\\nare chosen among yoLithful and intelligent Christians\\nwho have no vocation for the ecclesiastical state, and\\nfor three or four years they learn their duties in a\\npreparatory school, after which they acquire practical\\nexperience by going out with the missionaries. When\\nthey are married, they are sent to places where their\\nservices are most needed. A regular battalion of these\\nCatechists is required, and Monseigneur Reynaud often\\ncherishes the dream of A Society of the Seventy-two\\nDisciples, so as to be able to send one to each of the\\nseventy-two Prefectures of Tche-Kiang.\\nSchools. This is one of the most vital works of the\\nmission, in which the Christianizing of children is con-\\ncerned. They must be instructed very young, and taken\\naway as much as possible from pagan surroundings. To\\ndo this properly, the schools should be near the mis-\\nsionaries. There are central schools in all the chief\\nmission stations, where the children are completely\\nseparated from bad influences, and are taught to practise\\ntheir religion by their teachers and by the good example\\nthey see around them, whereas children who have not\\nhad this advantage are recognisable at a glance, as they\\ndo not comprehend their religion at all well.\\nAnother very important consideration is the following\\nwith regard to schools. They are often found to be\\nmost useful as a means of furthering conversions, as,\\naccording to a French missionary, When the infant\\ncomes to school, his father will soon follow the child to", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "94 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nthe church, and these dear children, like St. John\\nBaptist, fill the valleys and bring- low the mountains\\nand hills, by opening to their parents the path leading\\nto our Blessed Saviour.^\\nCatechu7nens. The same remarks about the children\\nmay be applied to the Catechumens, who, unless they can\\nspend a few months in our residences, near the priests and\\nthe church, never become really reliable Christians. The\\nexample and the daily instruction of the missionaries,\\nthe absence from pagan surroundings, and family cares,\\nmean everything to them, as it is chiefly by means of\\nsight and hearing they can be thoroughly christianized.\\nAn association to further the religious instruction of\\npoor Catechumens on the Catholic missions already\\nexists in France at the Carmelites of Tours, and is\\nzealously supported by pious ladies. The Catechumens\\nwho cannot spend a short time in the mission station\\nmay know their catechism, but they do not understand\\ntheir religion so perfectly as the others.\\nHospitals. The following lines, written 27th Febru-\\nary, 1897, by one of the community of the Sisters of\\nCharity at Ning-Po, will point out the good effected by\\na Catholic hospital\\nThe heathens come to this hospital with the same\\nTaken from the Lcttres dc Jersey, vol. xiii., p. 13. The Editor\\nof this publication kindly lent some volumes to the translator. The\\narticles in them deal with the Jesuit vicariate of Kiang-nan, which\\nis a near neighbour of Tche-Kiang.", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "OUR WORKERS AND THEIR WANTS. 95\\nconfidence as ever. Two pagan women, sisters un-\\nhappily married to opium smokers, came here to ask for\\nbaptism, as a passport to heaven. The eldest, who was\\nhere last year had been at home since her cure, where\\nshe has been telling all she knows of religion learned\\nfrom us, to her young consumptive sister, who came\\nhere to die after being baptized. Some days later we\\nheard that the eldest sister was ill again, and so serious\\nwas her state that we were obliged to gratify her wish\\nfor baptism. When slightly better she came here to\\nprepare for her death to which she was quite resigned.\\nThe two little daughters-in-law of these sisters have\\nalso departed this life about the same time, and, favoured\\nby the grace of conversion, one of them was afraid of\\ngoing to heaven, for fear she should find her mother-in-\\nlaw there, but we succeeded in convincing her that\\nin heaven her mother-in-law could never ill-treat her\\nagain.\\nMore than three thousand patients pass annually\\nthrough the hospitals. Most of them go away cured,\\nIt is very usual to see in Chinese houses a little girl, the drudge\\nof the women, who is cruelly beaten on all occasions. This is the\\nfuture daughter-in-law often purchased for a dollar out of a heathen\\norphanage. Should the child break down, she is callously thrown\\nout to die, and she is fortunate if she happen to be picked up by a\\nSister of Charity, or some humane person, and conveyed to the\\nhospital. But if the girl grows up well in spite of the inhuman\\nusage, she is married to the son for whom she has been purchased,\\nand instantly is treated with consideration in the household, and in\\ndue time her own turn arrives to have a daughter-in-law to maltreat\\nprecisely in the same manner.", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "9^ ANOTHER CHINA,\\nand tell their relations and friends how well they have\\nbeen treated. This favourable report lessens prejudices\\nagainst the foreigners increases esteem for the sisters,\\nspreads the knowledge of religion, and induces other\\nsick people to come to the hospital, where they are often\\nconverted, or return later to be baptized and to die\\nthere. Cases of patients wilfully choosing to die in\\npaganism are almost unknown, and, as a rule, they all\\nbecome Christians in their last moments, and the\\nbaptisms in ariiculo mortis at the hour of death, amount\\nto three hundred yearly. There are also dispen-\\nsaries attached to the hospitals frequented annually\\nby 100,000 people, while the visits paid by the sisters\\nto the sick in their own homes are over 35,000 in the\\nyear.\\nAsylums. These are for destitute old men, whose\\nspiritual and corporal necessities are worthy of com-\\npassion. Inurecl to suffering, they give little trouble,\\nnever complain, and are grateful for the interest taken\\nin them. It is really a pleasure to see how they obey,\\nand even forestall the least wish of the sister, trying to\\nhelp her as far as they can. They are attentive to the\\nreligious instruction of the missionary, and are eager\\nfor baptism. This charitable work makes a good\\nimpression upon pagan Chinese, old age being held\\nin great veneration by these people, who think a\\ngreat deal more of kindness to the aged than to the\\nchildren.", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "OUR WORKERS AND THEIR WANTS, 97\\nOrphanages. Were the missionaries to adopt e very-\\nchild thart is abandoned, especially in time of scarcity,\\nthey would be overwhelmed and their resources quickly-\\nexhausted. It is a g-reat trial to be forced to reject\\nso many, and Monseigneur Reynaud has often been\\naroused at night by the cries of infants left secretly at\\nhis door, to whom he could give nothing but the\\nsacrament of baptism. Those fortunate children who\\nare taken into the orphanages receive the most devoted\\ncare, and are brought up as simple and laborious\\nChristians, who are settled in the M^orld as advan-\\ntageously as possible. Some are placed in Christian\\nfamilies, while others form Christian villages which are\\nlike an oasis in the desert of paganism. Among the\\norphans cripples have a privileged place, as they require\\nmore care. The lame, paralytic, blind, deaf mutes,\\nthose suffering from spinal and other dreadful deformities^\\nas well as idiots, are all in this category, and have to be\\nmaintained all their lives.\\nHome for Widows. There is a refuge for these\\nwomen at Ning-Po which ought to be enlarged, and\\nothers established in other parts of the province.\\nWorkers in Embroidery. This new but little-known\\nenterprise, the organization of which has occupied two\\nyears, is an excellent means of helping poor Christian\\nand pagan families. Assisted by charitable people there\\nis now a workroom with eighty women, and work is\\ngiven out to fifty families by the Sisters of Charity, who\\nH", "height": "3294", "width": "2084", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "98 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nhave the management and the merit of this industry,\\nit is a nice honest employment, and a great relief to\\npoor people, while the wages gained by the wives\\nstrengthen the affection of the husbands, and bring\\npeace and means to the household. Then the pagan\\nwomen in communication with the Sisters see and\\nlearn much that is good from them, and sincere con-\\nversions are frequent. To ensure the success of this\\nindustry many openings are required for the sale of the\\nitvork.\\nChurches and Chapels. This subject has been left to\\nthe last, though it be not the least important. People\\nare always more ready to assist the poor than to con-\\ntribute to the erection of churches, although in Ireland\\nthis is less the case than in other countries, the pence of\\nthe poor Irish being generally the foundation of many\\nnoble churches.\\nNow, chapels and churches are necessary in a mission\\nfor the celebration of Holy Mass, the administration of\\nthe Sacraments, and the observance of Sunday. In\\nTche-Kiang, covered with magnificent heathen pagodas,\\nthe want of suitable chapels is more felt by the converts,\\nAvho are humbled at seeing how few are our Kong\\nSo to those of the idols.\\nThis account of our work, writes Monseigneur\\nHeynaud, is also a list of our wants, and in order\\nthat they should be better understood, a few figures\\nare added to show the extent of some of our\\nexpenses.", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "OUR WORKERS AND THEIR WANTS,\\n99\\nd.\\n20\\n16\\n9\\n10\\n5\\n7\\n5\\n3\\n5\\n2\\n10\\n2\\nI\\n12\\nThe annual keep of a Priest\\nReligious (Brother, or Sister of Charity)\\nSeminarist\\nVirgin of Purgatory\\nCatechist\\nPatient (in hospital)\\nAged man (in hospice)\\nOrphan or Catechumen.\\nWidows, school-children, and infants (each)\\nThere is just one thing that is not inscribed upon the\\nlist of good works, in Chinese Catholic missions, an\\nachievement that God alone can fully appreciate, viz.,\\nthe physical and mental wear and tear of the missionary,\\nwho, sometimes exposed to a sudden martyrdom, more\\nfrequently dies by slow inches from the effects of priva-\\ntions and overwork. Although he never complains, but\\njoyfully sacrifices his life in the service of God, he asks,\\nnevertheless, two things from his brethren in Europe\\nalms and prayers. As long as he lives, he will continue\\nthis supplication, for by prayers and alms he can obtain\\nthe dearest wish of a missionary heart the salvation\\nof souls. The merit arising from this double gift is the\\nmost precious treasure, the sweetest joy, and the best\\nrecompense he can desire for his benefactors.\\nLofC,", "height": "3282", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "loo ANOTHER CHINA\\nXIL\\nPARTING WORDS*\\nSome of our readers may think, after perusing these\\npages, that I am myself a little bit too much of a China-\\nman. Whether this be a matter for praise or reproach,,\\nI do not deny that I really love China as my adopted\\ncountry where I hope to live and die. I found China\\nfar more beautiful and better in general than I had ever\\nexpected, and, in the midst of so many ill-conditioned\\npagans, I have met with such numbers of simple and\\nhonest souls, that my trials and disappointments have\\nbeen alleviated by much consolation. Few missionaries\\nwill contradict this assertion, as China is a land of exile\\nwhich they love, and which they rarely leave without\\nregret. When obliged by ill-health or other reasons to-\\ndepart, it is always on the understanding that they will\\nbe allowed to return there. They positively yearn for\\nChina, and are only happy on seeing its shores again.\\nTo those, however, who have not been so fortunate on\\nthe mission, I should say that they must have had the\\nmishap of meeting with a bad set of people, and that\\nin other better disposed localities their labours would", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "PARTING WORDS. loi\\ncertainly have been more successful. To those who\\npersist in asking why there are still so few neophytes\\nnotwithstanding our efforts, we must always answer\\nthat these exertions would have been far more success-\\nful, in spite of violent persecutions, were It not for\\nthe paucity of missionaries, who, although they have\\ncertainly increased within the last fifty years, are even\\nnow in the proportion of one to four hundred thousand\\ninfidels. To appreciate the relative progress of religion\\nwe should bear in mind that the pagan Chinese, which\\naccording to some historians are over 400,000,000,^ far\\nexceed the Catholics throughout the whole world con-\\nsequently, when we reflect on the number of the\\nmissionaries and the sum total of annual conversions,\\nwe need not be discouraged.\\nWhat is really most required in China for the spread\\nof the faith is missionaries. Were there more priests\\nwe should have more Catechumens, as one missionary\\ncan only attend to a certain number of converts, who\\nhave to be tested, instructed, and trained in the ways of\\nChristian life, all of which entail much labour, and\\noften many journeys. He must have as many catechism\\nclasses as there are localities where Catechumens reside\\nthen he must settle various difliculties that always arise\\namong the converts, such as family persecution, and\\nworries of all kinds, while the Mandarins are always\\nready to complicate the simplest cases so that a\\n1 See, however, p 19.", "height": "3282", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "I02 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nmissionary may be kept stationary for a long time by\\none piece of business.\\nWe are also in great need of pecuniary assistance.\\nJust as soldiers must have arms, the missionaries must\\nhave funds, to build the chapel, the school, and the little\\npresbytery, which are as it were the outposts of the\\nmission to say nothing of the schoolmaster, the cook,\\na servant, and a band of young converts studying\\nChristian doctrine. Our strongholds are represented\\nby our great churches, central schools, orphanages,\\nhospitals, dispensaries, asylums and various other works\\nof charity. Thus, there are many ways of exhausting\\nthe missionary s purse, though he may himself live on\\nvery little, as our converts will never let him die of\\nstarvation, but are always ready to share their houses\\nand food with him. Still a large family of orphans and\\ndestitute people fretjuently depend on him for their\\nsupport. Hence if we do not choose to assist the\\nmissions by sending out numerous priests and sufficient\\nmaterial aid, it will be useless to talk of China as a land\\nof the future for the Catholic Church.\\nMoreover, to do something for China would appear\\nto be a special duty for Great Britain but whereas\\nFrance, Italy, Spain, Belgium, and Holland have many\\nrepresentatives there doing good work for the people,\\nthere is at present only one English-speaking priest^ in\\n1 This is the Rev. John M Veigh, CM., of Pekin, who has been\\nrecently making a tour in Great Britain and Ireland. We are", "height": "3325", "width": "2102", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "PARTING WORDS, 105,\\nthe whole Empire. This is the more to be regretted, as\\nBritish sailors, merchants, and traders in the Chinese\\nports far outnumber those of other European countries.\\nCertainly it is but just to acknowledge that in the\\nmatter of Protestant missions, England shows plenty\\nof generosity with regard to the conversion of China.\\nEvery year she sends out bands of missionaries with\\nhandsome stipeiids, often at the same time that hundreds-\\nof cases of that poison called opium are introduced as^\\nBritish merchandise. Ought not Catholic England and\\nIreland try to do something to repair the errors of\\nProtestant and commercial England This would be\\nonly to pay a debt and to expiate a wrong. The mean\\nare simple enough send us money if you can, but\\nabove all send us men. As regards the former, I do-\\nnot ask for large sums. Are there any so poor who-\\ncannot afford even a penny Yet it is precisely these\\npence that do wonders. They support the apostles who\\nconvert the heathens they build churches and chapels\\nin a land where pagodas abound they contribute to-\\nthe education of priests in the seminaries they maintain\\nthe old, the sick, and the orphans, all so numerous\\namong us and without the help of these pence how\\nmany heathens are there who would die hopeless after a\\nlife full of privation.\\nindebted to him for much information about China, which has been\\nof great use in preparing this edition of Monseigneur Reynaud s.\\nnotes. (Editor.)", "height": "3282", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "I04 ANOTHER CHINA,\\nWith regard to missionaries themselves, they should\\nhe men of physical strength and real self-sacrifice, and\\nshould be properly trained for the peculiar hardships of\\nthis mission. It is the great desire of Monseigneur\\nReynaud s heart to have some English, or English-\\nspeaking missionaries. For one thing, their influence,\\nin counteracting the peculiar obstacles raised by the\\nProtestant missions, would be very valuable. On this\\nsubject, an English lady at Ning-Po, writes I hope\\nthat the presence of English-speaking priests would\\nprevent our Protestant compatriots from behaving in\\nthe very objectionable way they often do not at\\nNing-Po, where we have the ehVe, many of them\\neducated gentlemen, but in the interior, where with\\nsome of them their one creed seems to be preaching\\nagainst Catholicity. It is hardly necessary to point\\nout that all this could be far more easily dealt with by\\nthose who speak the same language as these objection-\\nable ministers, and who from proximity to them at\\nhome, are acquainted with their doctrines and their\\nmethods. Besides, it is wrong to leave the Chinese\\nunder the belief that the English people are universally\\nmembers of what they call the English Religion.^ To\\nfurther this aim of Monseigneur Reynaud, a fund for\\n1 The presence of Sir Nicholas O Connor, as British Ambassador,\\nfor some years at Pekin, that most successful of diplomatists and\\nmost fervent of Irish Catholics, did something towards breaking\\ndown this idea among the Mandarins and the court officials but\\nhis influence did not so directly reach the masses.", "height": "3319", "width": "2096", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "PARTING WORDS. 105\\nChina has been started in connection with the Irish\\nbranch of the Arch-Confraternity of St. Joseph, Protector\\nof the souls of Purg-atory. It is the work of the\\nConfra.ternity to provide priests for foreign missions\\nwho will belong to St. Joseph and to the Holy Souls.\\nNo more g-lorious work could be looked forward to by\\nthe Apostolic student than to devote himself to this\\nimmense Empire with its millions of pagan sfmls, so\\nmany of whom sh^w themselves willing to see the light\\nof the true faith when it is brought before their eyes.\\nIt is hoped that many will offer themselves before long,\\nand the fund to which we refer has been started for\\nthe special support and assistance of such students.^\\nAnother important assistance is prayer for the success\\nof our undertaking; and who is there who cannot pray\\nfor the conversion of souls, and their perseverance in the\\nfaith Many conversions may be attributed less to the\\nlabours of the missionary than to the fervent prayers of\\nmany an obscure person living far away. In their retired\\ncloisters, monks and nuns may in this way give great\\nhelp by their prayers to the evangelization of China.\\nThus by alms and by prayers everyone can become a\\nmissionary, closing the gates of hell, and opening those\\n1 Any contributions to the China Fund for St. Joseph s Young-\\nPriests, will be acknowledged in St. Joseph s Sheaf, which is the\\nquarterly organ of the Arch-Confraternity of St. Joseph. The address\\nof the Secretary is 7, Eblana-Terrace, Kingstown, who will also\\nforward full particulars as to the Fund, and the Masses offered for\\nthose who contribute to it.", "height": "3282", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "^o6 ANOTHER CHINA.\\nof heaven to innumerable heathens. Self-interes brlng s\\nto China people in search of the wealth it contains.\\nShall we be less eager where far superior interests are\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2concerned, and should we not endeavour to do all in\\nour power to cultivate this fertile soil giving us such\\nhopes for the advancement of religion\\nTherefore, may this immense Empire be invaded by-\\nnumerous fervent and apostolic men planting the cross\\nan every direction, and saving souls from, the mire of\\npaganism. In the knowledge of the true faith may\\nthose generous and upright beings, who, led away by\\nerror, are yet sighing for happiness, soon find among\\nus that which they desire.\\nDa Mihi Animas", "height": "3319", "width": "2096", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3282", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3319", "width": "2096", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3282", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3319", "width": "2096", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3282", "width": "2126", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3447", "width": "2194", "jp2-path": "anotherchinanote00reyn_0136.jp2"}}