{"1": {"fulltext": "r\\nb7/3\\nim", "height": "4016", "width": "2590", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3640", "width": "2105", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": ",_ .^,r/.^\\n97\\nE 713\\n.R26\\nCopy 1\\nAiinoxiitiuii ol llii vaii.\\nSPEECH\\nOK\\nHON. GEORGE W, RAY,\\nOF NEW YORK,\\n\\\\l\\\\ THE House of ^tEPKESE^ TATIVES,\\nSaturday, June It, JS JS.\\nOn the joint resolution (H. Res. 25!)) to provide for annexing the ILnvaiian\\nIslands to the United States.\\nMr. RAY of New York said:\\nMr. Speaker: The que.stiou of the annexation of Hawaii lias\\nagitated the public mind and engaged, to some extent, the atten-\\ntion of the Congress of the United States for about three j ears.\\nFor the first time the question is before the House of Representa-\\ntives for direct action. Since the proposition was first presented\\nas a public one and came seriously before the Executive, condi-\\ntions have changed, and to-day we face the proposition of annex-\\nation lander circumstances that demand immediate action the one\\nway or the other and a settlement of the policy of this Goveru-\\nment toward those islands and the Government thereof.\\nTwenty-five hundred miles to the westward of San Francisco\\nwe find the first islands of con.sequence or of value. More than\\n3,000 miles farther to the west we reach the shores of Japan,\\nChina, and the possessions of Great Britain in the far East. By\\nthe same route and at a still greater distance we reach the Philip-\\npine Islands, until recently possessed and held by Spain, now held\\nby the United States and soon to be permanently he d and occu-\\npied by this nation. We are at war with the Kingdom of Spain.\\nThe primary object of this contest was not the subjugation of\\nSpain or of any of her possessions or the acquisition of any terri-\\ntory whether belonging to Spain or any other government. The\\nprimary object was to free the people of Cuba and give to them a\\nstable government. This object has not been lost sight of and\\nwill be attained. The mode and manner of doing this must of\\nnecessity be left to the Executive.\\nSpain must be brought to terms, compelled to release her hold\\non Cuba: and if in compelling this we find it necessary to compel\\nher to release her control of Puerto Rico and the Philippines, she\\nmust submit. Having gone to war, she must submit to and accept\\nthe fortunes of war. The United States must assume all the cares\\nand responsibilities while she enjo3 s the benefits of victory. At\\nthe very commencement of hostilities it became apparent that the\\nstruggle was to be a long and bitter one. Those who stated that\\nthe Spaniards are cowardly and would run avray or surrender at\\nthe sound of the first angry gun, that ninety days would see the\\nai74 1", "height": "3605", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "oi I O i3 X\\nS Co\\nend of tlio war, tliat a protest would be made, and that then our\\ndi-mands for the evacuation of Cuba would be complied with, find\\ntliat they were iiii.stala n.\\nIt also became apparent to thinking men, at the very outbreak\\nof liostilities, that the real and decisive campaigns must be fonght\\nupon the sea. Cuba is a hundred miles over the water, and our\\nonly way of reaching her is by means of ships and transports.\\n^Vith a Spanish navy roaming Cuban waters it would be fool-\\nhardy in the extreme* to send transports loaded with troops out\\nup^m these waters. They might gain their destination unnoticed\\nand iniliarmeil, but the probabilities are that thousands of lives\\nwould be lost in such an undertaking. It therefore became and\\nis necessary to destroy or drive from the ocean the navy of Spain.\\nIt would not do to permit a Spanish fleet of war ships to ficat\\nthe sea in any quarter of the world, and hence it was that a wise\\n]iolicj sent the brave and able Dewey to Manila with ordei s to\\ndestroy or capture the Spanish war vessels at that point. He per-\\nformed his duty bravely, heroically, and promptly. Without\\nfurtlier orders he steamed boldl)- into the harbor at Manila and\\nsunk the Spanish fleet. This done, but two courses remained; one\\nwas to steam away home and leave the islands in the possession\\nof Spain: the other and the sensible one was to remain, reduce the\\nislands themselves and subject them to the domination of this\\nnation.\\nThe latter course was wisely pursiied, and so the forts were re-\\nduced and the Stars and Stripes, emblem of liberty and good gov-\\nernment, were raised above that subjugated and conquered\\nterritory. To hold these islands, to give them a proper and sta-\\nble government, it is necessary to send an army and munitions\\nof war, and this army must be supplied and safe communication\\nmaintained with the home Government. To do this our ships\\nmust traverse more than 5,000 miles of ocean. Steamships, and\\nwar ships, and monitors, and transports can make such a journey\\nif properly watered, provisioned, and coaled and no accident oc-\\ncurs and no attack is made iipon them. But the distance is too\\ngreat to be undertaken without a stop; without recoaling, a fresh\\nsupply of water, provisions, and coal, and hence the attention of\\nthe Executive and of the whole country was directed to the Island\\nof Hawaii.\\nHawaii is friendly, but she must observe the law of nations or\\nincur the danger of an attack by Spain and possibly other nations.\\nFor three years or more her intelligent and governing people have\\nbeen seeking annexation to the United States. For more than\\nthree years the propriety and advisability of such annexation has\\nbeen discussed by the American people, and the proposition has\\ngrown in favor as the months have gone by. There has been no\\nthirst for conquest, no desire or inclination to enter upon a policy\\nof colonization, no purpose to enlarge our territory for the sake of\\nterritorial expansion: but we have seen the covetous eyes of other\\nnations fixed on those islands, and we haA^o seen the trade we\\nought to control passing into other hands.\\nWe are rapidly coming to understand that if we would have\\nour share of the rapidly growing trade with India, China, and\\n.Tapan wo must build iip and maintain a shipping to carry across\\ntlio ocean our manufactures and bring homo the products of those\\ncountries. To establisli this trade and maintain it, a harbor imder\\nthe protection of our guns and of our flag is necessary. The har-\\n3471", "height": "3655", "width": "2069", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "bor of Hawaii is the only ono that will answer the purpose, and\\ncur people have come to soo that while the offer is open it is onr\\nduty as a nation to accept the jiroffei-ed gilt and niako Pearl\\nHarbor our own.\\nThis we can not do witliont taliinp; the island, and we can not\\ntake the island without taking the people. It is unfortunately\\ntrue that many of the people who inhabit this island are not desir-\\nable as citizens, and it is als^o unfortunately true that in every\\nState of this Union we have many people who are not desirable as\\ncitizens or as neighbors. But, Mr. Speaker, this is not a good\\nreason for rejecting the opportunity to gain Pearl Harbor as a per-\\nmanent and a safe refuge for our ships of commerce that will dot\\nthe Pacific when jieace is secured and during the pending contest,\\nand as a safe coaling and rejiair station for our transports and\\nwar and supply ships during the war with Spain, and for all\\ntime.\\nMr. Speaker, from aocommercial and business standpoint the\\nannexation of Hawaii is both wise and expedient, and on military\\nconsiderations such annexation is now an absolute necessity. Our\\ntransports and merchantmen must constantly traverse the waters\\nof the Pacific, carrying thousands of precious lives and millions\\nin value of goods and supplies. It will not do, sir, to imdertake\\nto send these ships unattended. It will not do to send them on\\nthis voyage of nearly G,OUO miles without a friendly harbor into\\nwhich they may drop, safely anchor, repair, and recoal.\\nHawaii was placed where she is for the use of this free people\\nin extending the blessings of liberty and a good government to\\nthe islands and peoples on the opposite side of the globe, and God\\nhas so shaped events that the people of Hawaii are open to give\\nand the hearts of the people of these United States are open to re-\\nceive at the very time that the gift of the island is necessary and\\nmost acceptable.\\nMr. Speaker, I shall not stop to discuss at any length the ques-\\ntion of the constitutionality of the proposed annexation or the\\ndifficulties we may have to contend with in properly governing\\nHawaii and the Philippine Islands. The people of these United\\nStates have foimd no particular difficulty in maintaining good\\ngovernment at home for one hundred and twenty years and pre-\\nserving our country undivided. We are capable of extending the\\nblessings and benefits of a popular free government to the peo-\\nples of other nations, and especially to the inhabitants of the little\\nislands of the seas.\\nAll dy Hawaii is governed and controlled by men of American\\nbirth, men who are in sympathy with the Government of the\\nUnited States, men who love our institutions, our customs, our\\nmanners, and our flag. A good Government similar to our own\\nhas already been established in that island, and while we would\\nnot seek for years to come and possibly never to admit her into\\nthe Union as a free and sovereign State, still all must admit that\\nthere will be no difficnlt} whatever in maintaining good order on\\nthat island under the form of a Territorial government.\\nThere is no necessity now for discussing the problem of govern-\\ning the Philippines. Within the next six months they may be\\nlost to us, or when peace is made they may be surrendered, but I\\nventure the assertion that should they become permanently at-\\ntached to the United States, as I trust and have no doubt they\\nwill be, we shall have no serious difficulty in maintaining a Terri-\\n3i74", "height": "3605", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "torial government for that people under the beneficent infaiences\\nof which they will rapidly improve in education, religion, the arts,\\nand sciences, and eventually become prosperous, intelligent, and\\nhappy.\\niMr Speaker, the world is progressing, the people are improv-\\ning, intelligence is being disseminated, and the time will come\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0when ignorance, barbarism, and despotism will pass away. It is\\nthe mission of the United States to elevate, educate, and ennoble\\nin i\u00c2\u00bbroper ways and at the proper time all the peoples of the earth.\\nThis will not bo done by comjuest except in rare instances, but\\nstiil it is to bo done, and the civilized nations of the earth will aid\\nus in the doing and approve onr action whenever it tends to the\\nennoblement and ui)lilting of the human race.\\nI do not .ehare the fears of those gentlemen who predict that the\\nnations of Europe will oppose our occupying either Hawaii or the\\nPhilippines. The rule of Spain is distasteful to the people of\\nevery liberty-loving nation on the face of the earth. England,\\nGermany, Fr;mce, and Russia woixld rather deal with the United\\nStates in solving the Eastern question than with the brutal and\\nbigoted Government of the Kingdom of Spain.\\nUpon the constitutional question raised by some of our Demo-\\ncratic friends I will be equally brief. It seems strange to me that\\none hundred and twenty years after the Declaration of Independ-\\nence any citizen of this Republic should doubt the authority of\\nthe United States to extend the blessings of liberty and the pro-\\ntection of our flag to any pco))le asking to be taken beneath the\\nbroad and ample folds of the Star-Spangled Banner. Early in the\\nhistory of this Government we took Florida by purchase from\\nSpain and all that great territory west of the Mississippi by pur-\\nchase from France; and if we have the constitutional right as a\\nnation to purchase territory, it is difficult to understand why we\\ncan not take territory as a gift when the lawful owners tender it.\\nIt strikes me forciblj that the gentlemen on the Democratic side\\nwho argued that we have no power to acqitire territory either by\\npurchase or gift would hardly concede that Florida and those\\nmagnificent States west of the Mississippi do not lawfully belong\\nto the Government of the United States and are not entitled to the\\nprotection of its flag. Later on, when the people of Texas had\\nsubstantially won their independence and had established a gov-\\nernment of their own, crade and impei-fect though it was, we ex-\\ntended the limits of the Union and took that broad and rich terri-\\ntory within the boundary lines of the Republic, and later on, when\\nthe war with Mexico had terminated, we expanded our territorial\\nlimits still further. It is late in the day, Mr. Speaker, for gentle-\\nmen to argue against the constitutionality of these proceedings.\\nWhen Hawaii is annexed, as she will be with the free consent\\nof her people, they will be estopped from denying the constitu-\\ntionality of the transaction, and I do not believe that any con-\\nsiderable mimber of the American people will question the con-\\nstitutionality of the acts of Congress by which that territory is\\nacquired.\\nAs to the constitutionality of acquiring the Philippine Islands\\nby conquest, I can hardly imagine an argument against such ac-\\nquisition. Every nation on the face of the earth from earliest\\ntimes has added to her territory in this way. The right to ac-\\nquire territory by conquest is well recognized in the law of na-\\ntions and is a right incident to the existence of nationality. It", "height": "3655", "width": "2069", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "reqtiii es no words written in the con.stitutioii of tho nation ta\\nconfer this right. It is incident to sovereignty. Ciin there be\\nany qmstion of tlie advisabihty of annexing Hawaii and tho Philip-\\npines, if that shall be deemed proper by and by, and thereby add-\\ning millions npon millions to our national wealth and millions\\nupon millions of dollars to our coninK.rcoV\\nIs there any necessity for building up and extending our cori\\nmerce both at home and abroad? in IT.Si) our merchant marine\\nwas 201.000 tons, in ISIO, owing to the Napoleonic wars, we had\\nincreased the tonnage of our m( rchant marine to 1, 10U.0:J0 tons.\\nIn IS; we built (iOU.OiJO tons of merchant marine. In 18()1 we had\\n5,540,000 tons of merchant marine afloat, and this was of such a\\nclass that about 2.500,0()() tons was registered for foreign trade.\\nAt that time we had one-third of the merchant marine of the world,\\nEngland had one-third, and the rest of the world combined\\npossessed the other tha-d. This we had accomplished in half a\\ncentury.\\nThe war of the rebellion proved disastrous to our merchant\\nmarine, and we lost during that war from all causes 87U,0()0 tons\\nof shipping. In 1887 we did only a^ per cent of the world s in-\\nternal navigation, while England did 50i per cent. In ISDIJ Ameri-\\ncan steamships made 164 voyages between the United States and\\nEurope, while the steamships of other nations made 7,1 IG such\\nvoyages. To-day England has 13,000,000 tons of merchant ma-\\nrine, while we have 4,000,000 tons only, but little more than we\\nhad in 1861. Our population has doubled, while our need of a\\nmerchant marine is ten times as great. The combined mercantile\\nmarine of England and the United States is more than one-half of\\nall that floats.\\nMr. Speaker, when we consider the small amount of merchant\\nmarine owned and controlled by the United States of America,\\na nation of nearly 80,000,000 people, our vast resources and ter-\\nritory, our vast manufacturing interests, the necessities of our\\npeople, and the necessity and desirabdity of extending our trade\\nand commerce to the nations of the Old World and the growing\\nrepublics of the New World, is it not time that we do something\\nnot only to encourage shipbuilding but to give us the power and\\nability to make a safe voyage not only between New York and\\nLiverpool but between San Francisco and Japan and San Fran-\\ncisco and Hongkong?\\nIs it not time that we reach out and take possession of those little\\nislands in the sea that are offered to us as a gift, in order to afford\\na harbor of refuge to merchant vessels flying the American flag\\nand to our war ships, whether in times of peace or in times of\\nwar? It is not the wealth of Hawaii that we covet; it is not the\\nright or privilege of governing her people that we desire; it is not\\nsimply the products of her broad and fruitful fields that we covet.\\nWhat we want is a safe harbor in the midst of the waters of the\\nPacific, where we may establish a coaling station and where we\\nmay repair ships and take refuge from the storm at all times and\\nunder all circumstances, with no one to molest or make us afraid.\\nWe shall have no difficulty in defending that island against inva-\\nsion by any foreign nation. We can defend as easily as any na-\\ntion can attack, and no one will deny that American pluck and\\nbravery and energy and skill and resources will enable lis to de-\\nfend successfully every foot of soil above which we raise the\\nAmerican flag,\\n3174", "height": "3605", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Mr. Speaker, we have started out to give liberty and a stable\\ngoveriinunt to the people of Cuba. To be successful iu this un-\\ndertaking wo must sweep the Spanish navies from the sea and take\\npossession of the outlying islands far from her own shores or near\\nonr own belonging to that Kingdom and to which her war ships\\nmav resort for protection or for supplies. To this end Puerto Rico\\nmust fall and be annexed to the United States; Cuba must be\\nplaced under the protection of this Government; Spanish intol-\\nerance, oppression, and misrule must cease in the Western Hem-\\nisphere. And that we may accomplish these results successfully,\\nour ships must bo enabled to sail the oceans without hindrance.\\nA war ship must carry men and guns and supplies and ammuni-\\ntion, and can not be overweighted with fuel. But to be of uso\\nwhen far away from home our war ships must have a coaling sta-\\ntion somewhere within a reasonable distance and not be compelled\\nto make a voyage of weeks to obtain a fresh supply of fuel.\\nEvery consideration demands that Hawaii be annexed to the\\nUnited States. Her people and her interests ask it, and our peo-\\nple and our interests demand it. There should be no hesitation\\nat tins time, no indulging in fears of what may occur as the years\\nmil by. If the time comes v,iien this Republic becomes too weak\\nand puny to defend Hawaii against the aggressions of other na-\\ntions and properly govern her people, it will be time for us to sur-\\nrender, not only that territory, but all we now possess on the con-\\ntinent of North America. It will be time for us to go out of\\nbusiness as a nation.\\nMr. Speaker, the people of all lands and of all climes have\\nwatched with growing interest the prosperity of this Republic of\\nours, and those who love liberty have flocked to our shores at all\\ntimes during the last century. Such has been our example, our\\ngrowth and development in all that makes a nation good and great\\nand free, that now little Cuba has reached oxit her hand for help,\\nand the cry has been heard and answered by every loyal, sympa-\\nthetic heart in the United States. Hawaii, from amid the placid\\nwaves of the Pacific, has made her voice heard asking that she,\\nweak as she is, be given the protection that only our Government\\nand our flag can afford. Her request is to be heeded and answered\\nin the afiirmative, and when the Congress of the United States, in\\nresponse to the wishes of the Executive, shall have responded to\\nthe request of Hawaii, it will have also responded to the voice\\nand wishes of the people of the United States of America.\\nThe sugar production of Hawaii will alone recompense this peo-\\nple for every dollar of expense incurred in caring for her. Her\\ndebt is so small as to be insignihcant in comparison with the rev-\\nenues to be derived from her trade and commerce. But, Mr.\\nSpeaker, it is not alone with an eye to i)roht that we advocate\\n.Timoxation. The safety and ])erpetuity of this Republic demand\\nit. It is neither an ill-advi.scd nor a mistaken policy. Those who\\nopposed the acquisition of Florida, of the Louisiana purchase, of\\nTexas, and of California came to see their mistake and regret\\ntheir action. So it will be with those who now oppose and vote\\nagainst the annexation of Hawaii.\\nOur coinni -rce will grow, and merchantmen flying the flag of\\nthe United States of America will be seen in large numbers upon\\nevery sea and in every harbor of the world: new channels of trade\\nwill bof)i cnod up and nev/ markets created for the prodii-ctions of\\nour sliops and factories and fields. A new impetus will be given\\n3174", "height": "3655", "width": "2069", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "oiii mannfactiiringiiulnstries, and added wealth and an increased\\nopjiortunity for labor will add to the general prosjicrity.\\nWe may as well hold Hawaii as a part oi our territory, as a Ter-\\nritory of this Republic, as an integral part of our domain, as to\\nundertake to act as her guardian or protector, ^o long as we\\nundertake simply to protect her other nations may assume a like\\nduty and insist that their right and duty in that regard is as great\\nas our own and even superior. Thousands of Japanese have\\nsettled there, and who Jniuws how soon that nation may as?ert a\\nright to control the island? yiie may send war ships into Pearl\\nHar])or any day, land an army, and defy the United States.\\nWhile we are bending our energies to bring Sjjain to terms,\\nwhile our armies are on Cuban soil, and oiir war ships at the\\nPhilipi^ines and in Cuban waters, the hist for territory may seize\\nJapan and she may take possession of the island now offered us.\\nAnd she could dothis without malcing war upon the United States.\\nBut, Mr. Speaker, our flag once raised at Hawaii and a small body\\nof the boys who wear the blue once quartered there, with the\\ndeclaration that Hawaii is ours, and no nation on the face of the\\nearth will dare interfere.\\nI am conscious of the fact that a thirst for territorial expansion\\nhas proved ruinous to many nations. I do not forget that Alex-\\nander wept because there were no more worlds to conquer, and\\nthat Greece is to-day one of the weakest and most powerless of all\\nthe nations. I remember that Rome sat upon her seven liiTs and\\nfrom her throne of empire ruled the world, and that to-day she is\\nalmost powerless. I can see Napoleon Bonaparte conquering\\nEgypt, winning a victory at the foot of Mount Tabor, rolling the\\ndefeated Turks back upon the Jordan, occupying Vienna, and\\ncarrying the eagles of France in triumph from Paris to Madrid\\nand from Madrid to Moscow. I can see him, too, an exile at Elba,\\ncrushed at Waterloo, and eiiding his days at St. Helena, while\\nCossacks occupied the Tuileries andthe nations reduced the ter-\\nritorial limits of France. All this i remember and fully appre-\\nciate, and it admonishes me and should admonish every good citi-\\nzen who loves this land and desires the prosperity and perpetuity\\nof our Government to act with caution and discretion and resist\\nall temi3tation to undertake the unnecessary acquisition of terri-\\ntory.\\nBut, sir, in what we propose to do there is no dream of univer-\\nsal empire only a desire to protect our own interests and insure\\nthe prosperity of our peoi^le. Not sympathy for oppressed and\\noutraged Cubans alone led us to declare for freeCuba. Our own\\ninterests were involved. So to-day we are to consider this propo-\\nsition from no sentimental standpoint, but as a plain business\\nproposition, and accept or discard it as shall be deemed wisest\\nand most for the permanent good of our grand and glorious\\ncountry.\\nLooking at tlie proposition to annex Hawaii from this stand-\\npoint; having no interest, present or prospective, except that which\\nis common to every citizen of the Reiiublic interested in its pros-\\nperity, proud of its past, and confident of its future, I am, Mr.\\nSpeaker, convinced that duty to my people and to my country\\ndemands that I cast my vote in favor of this joint resolution for\\nthe annexation of Hawaii to the Republic of the United States of\\nAmerica.\\nWhen annexation is accomplished, our sailors and marines who\\n3474", "height": "3605", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "LIUKHKY U\u00c2\u00bb-\\nllllllllllllllilllllllllllll\\n013 717 905 2\\n8\\ngo down to the sea in sliips, our soldier boys on the way to Ma-\\nnihi, our traders and citizens who travel abroad and over the\\nwestern waters will feel that there is one ishmd amid the waves\\nof the stormy ocean where an American ship can take refuge and\\nbe at home. Wlu n years have come and gone and other genera-\\ntions control the destinies of tliis nation and other legislators fill\\nour seats, all will unite to commend the work of the Fifty-fifth\\nCongress in doing its sliaro to make Cuba free and establish a\\nbulwark of defense in the far Pacific.", "height": "3655", "width": "2069", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3605", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "IBRARY OF\\nCONGRESS\\n013 717 905 2\\npH8^", "height": "3936", "width": "2407", "jp2-path": "annexationofhawa00rayg_0012.jp2"}}