{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3468", "width": "1931", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "1786\\n098\\nJopy 1\\nThe spirit of 76.\\nHOW IT IS ILLUSTRATED IN THE HEROIC STRUGGLE\\nOF THE CUBAN PATRIOTS.\\nSPEECH\\nOP\\nHON. AMOS J. CUMMINGS,\\nOB* NE:^?V YORK,\\nIN THE\\nHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.\\nSATURDAY, JANUARY 22, 1898.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2WASHINGTON.\\n1898,", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "Fi 7f\\nGS009\\n\u00c2\u00bbs\\nd--", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "4\\nTHE SPIRIT OF 76.\\nMr. CUMMINGS said:\\nMr. Chairman: If there is anything precious, endearing, and\\npotential in the American people, it is the spirit of 76. Sir, it is\\nthe germ of our existence as a nation. It ought to be as enduring\\nas endearing. Is it? The spirit of 76! What was it? What is it?\\nIt was here one hundred and twenty years ago. Is it here to-day?\\nWe have often heard of it. Its great work is before us. But do\\nwe comprehend it? It expressed itself in so many events during\\ntiie dramatic period of the Revolution that a definite idea of it can\\nnot be gained from any one of them. It was in truth an evolution\\nin government. It was in sooth a parting of ways.\\nWhen the devil of tyranny once enters the body politic, said\\nMacaulay, it departs not but by struggles, by groanings, and by\\ngreat convulsions. The world was ripe. The hour for the great\\nstruggle had arrived and the agony was on. The battle was\\nbetween legitimacy and individual and public rights. It was a\\nshifting of the power of the state from the will of the monarch to\\nthe control of the people.\\nI will govern according to the public weal, but not according\\nto the public will, bluntly declared James I. George III set\\nhimself to the pace. This states the issue precisely. It was the\\npublic will against the will of the monarch. The promulgation\\nof the issue astonished the world. The result enlightened it more\\nthan it had ever been enlightened in regard to government. It\\nawakened intellectual activity as to the rights of man and the\\nphilosophy of government. All that is ferocious and grasping in\\ntyranny came to the front. All that is grand in sacrifice met it,\\nhumiliated it, conquered it.\\nSir, the victorious impulse was called the spirit of 76; but it was\\nnot born in 76. It has a biography in the history of our race run-\\n2939 3", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "ning back through ages. Over and over again it tried to assert\\nitself and was as often stricken down by the mailed hand of des-\\npotism. On every page of the history of the race, either by its\\nown efforts or by measures for its suppression, it records itself.\\nIf, instead of pitchforks and staves, Jack Cade and his followers\\nhad possessed the ballot, as we now possess it, they would have\\noverthrown monarchy in a day. Their provocation was as great\\nand their motives as just as those that inspired the heroes of our\\nRevolution. They were utterly overwhelmed. A servile litera-\\nture gave them an inheritance of infamy; but a just judgment is\\nlifting it into a reminiscent glory. Many and many another effort\\nhas gone down before the atrocious spirit of grasping tyrainny.\\nIn these struggles for freedom we trace the growth of the spirit\\nof 76. Though its growth was slow, it was constant as to its pur-\\npose and undeviating. In our Revolution it had a new advantage.\\nAn ocean roiled between it and its pursuers. For the first time\\nin history it had a broad field upon which to demonstrate. It\\nturned at bay, erect, grand, defiant. It spoke to General Gage\\nthrough the lips of the schoolboys on Boston Common; it in-\\nspired the negro Attucks in the Boston massacre; it was manifest\\nin the tea chests afloat in Boston Harbor; it appeared in the belfry\\nof the Old North Church, and sent Paul Revere on his famous\\nride; it spoke spitefully from the muzzles of American rifles at\\nConcord and Lexington, and it sanctified itself in the blood of\\nWarren at Bunker Hill. At times it appeared in qualities in no\\nway akin to it.\\nThe Continental Army, ragged and destitute, simply did its\\nbidding. That Army showed no such devotion to the person of\\nits chief as did the army of Italy to Napoleon, or the Army of the\\nPotomac to McClellan. Its blood-stained snow tracks at Valley\\nForge attested its devotion to the cause of liberty. At times it\\nwas mutinous; at times marauding. Desertions were common in\\nit\u00e2\u0080\u0094 even to the enemy. But the spirit of 76 always regathered\\nand strengthened it. It visited every gathering, it mounted every\\npulpit, it appeared at every hearthstone, it sat at every table.\\nDefying danger and death, it energized all ages and both sexes.\\nIt animated Moll Pitcher at Monmouth and immortalized Nathan\\nHale on the gallows.\\n2929", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "As the peril darkened, it made its way across the Atlantic, en-\\ntered the English Parliament, and pleaded the cause of freedom in\\nthe very presence of the King. Its astounding demonstration\\nawoke the world, and won the applause of even savage tribes. It\\nforced its way upon the great stage of human action, never again\\nto relinquish a leading part. Apparently dormant after the sur-\\nrender at Yorktown and the signing of the treaty at Paris, it was\\nroused anew by British aggression nearly thirty years afterwards,\\nIt arose incarnate in 1812. It tore from its adversary the crown\\nof supremacy on the ocean, and awoke anew the echoes of free-\\ndom on Lake Champlain and Lake Erie. [Applause.] It ideal-\\nized itself in Andrew Jackson at New Orleans, and lifted Decatur.\\nHull, Porter, McDonough, and Stewart to a level with Paul Jones\\nin the temple of fame.\\nTo day every monarch recognizes its presence and pays heed to\\nits inspiring mandates. It is fast driving imperialism from the\\nboards and filling the stage with its wholesome and godlike pres-\\nence. The divinity of its mission challenges despotism to its most\\nfrantic efforts. In Greece, for the moment, it seems to have lost\\nits footing; but in our neighboring island, the Queen of the An-\\ntilles, it is engaged in as hard a task as that which it accomplished\\non this ground. [Applause.]\\nTo that devoted island despotism has summoned all its terrors\\nand made use of all its savage implements. But the spirit of 76 is\\nthere [applause] and there to stay. All undeviating and undaunted,\\nits torn and bleeding squadrons pour from mountain fastnesses on\\nplain and in valley to confront and defy the uttermost efforts of\\nSpanish tyranny. For some inscrutable reason it calls in vain for\\n}ielp_lielp almost tendered, but still withheld. It breasts the ter-\\nrible storm friendless and unaided. Marti, like another Warren,\\nfell at the beginning of the conflict; Maceo, like Montgomery,\\nbrilliant and daring, lies dead in the second year of the war.\\nBut Gomez and Garcia, like another Washington and another\\nGreene, maintain the deadly struggle undaunted and undismayed,\\ndeaf to all threats and cajolements. No Lafayette has appeared\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nnot even a Louis XVI. And America only 60 miles away! A\\nwhole continent wrested from Spain, and Cuba left to all the hor-\\nrors of extermination, without one word of official sympathy.\\n2939", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Grant had only to frown on the empire set up by Louis Napoleon\\nin Mexico, and it faded away. In his memoirs he says:\\nI sent Sheridan with a corps to the Rio Grande to have him where he\\nmight aid Juarez in driving the French from. Mexico.\\nHe waited for no declaration of war; nor did Bazaine wait for\\nit. He packed up, bag and baggage, and left American soil at\\nonce. But Grant is dead, Sheridan is dead. Can it be that the\\nspirit of 76 has taken its departure with them? [Applause.] A\\ngreat people were behind them, and the tyrant tottered to his fall.\\nSuch was the power of the great Republic at the end of our civil\\nwar. Has it lost its manhood within thirty years, and is there no\\nmajestic figure left in the affairs of the nation? [Applause.]\\nStill the agonizing struggle continues at our very dOor. At\\nreveille every morning the priest has been seen, crucifix in hand,\\nwalking beside fair youths and hoary-headed men, to be shot to\\ndeath for no crime but their devotion to the spirit of 76. In\\nevery instance before the fatal volley the last exclamation of the\\nvictim was, Liberty to Cuba! The cruelty of the act wrings\\nthe heart, but the grandeur of the sacrifice ennobles the cause.\\nThe mission of America, as declared in the Monroe doctrine, is\\nto foster liberty and drive despotism from this continent. [Ap-\\nplause.] That doctrine is the guardian of the spirit of 76. It was\\nnot the expression of the sentiment of Monroe alone. It was the\\nembodiment of the sentiment of the nation. Without this it\\ncould have no force; with it, it has proved invincible. Jackson\\nwas unswerving to its dictates when he scornfully refused the\\nmission to Mexico with Iturbide on the throne. I will never\\nrecognize Iturbide as emperor, he replied. And Richard Olney\\nexhibited the same American spirit when he warned England\\nagainst her encroachments on the soil of Venezuela, freed from\\ncenturies of Spanish tyranny by Simon Bolivar.\\nThose who revere oppression point to the struggling Cuban pa-\\ntriots and say that such scattered, destitute, and emaciated bands\\ndo not deserve freedom and would not know how to use it if they\\nhad it. Ah, Mr. Chairman, this is only a repetition of the scorn,\\ncontempt, and derision that were heaped upon Washington and\\nhis tattered battalions by royalists and American Tories.\\nThere is no appeal that will nerve the arm of a patriot like a cry\\na929", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "from the helpless. That cry comes with, appalling force from\\nCuba to-day.\\nThe shrieks of daughters and wives, struggling in the arms of\\nthe beastly Hessians in the Revolution, were incentives to action\\nfar more stirring than the call of the bugle and the rattle of the\\ndrum. The massacre at Wyoming stirred the patriots to far\\ngreater exertions than the capture of Ticonderoga and Crown\\nPoint. The licentious insolence and merciless rapacity of the\\nBritish grenadiers lost more than their bravery gained and in-\\nspired the people with a deadly enmity against the British Gov-\\nernment.\\nAll the outrages committed by the invaders during the period\\nof the Revolution pale almost into insignificance in comparison\\nwith the excesses and barbarities visited upon the Cubans to-day.\\nThe shooting of Mrs. Caldwell, the murder of Jane McCrea, and\\nthe hanging of Hayne have a thousand parallels in the actions of\\nthe Spaniards. The horrors of British prison ships at New York\\nand Charleston are exceeded by the atrocities in the Cabanas, the\\nChafarinas, and Fernando Po. The avowed purpose of Weyler\\nwas the extermination of the patriots. Two hundred thousand\\ndead already, and a thousand a day treading in their footsteps a\\ngrim reminder of the vision of Mirza.\\nWhat must be the essentials of a spirit that can unite a people\\nin a firm resolve for a great effort, and set their lives and fortunes\\nupon the cast. It must have life, growth, cohesion, flexibility.\\nIt must have endured trials. It must be fashioned to the purpose;\\nthe purpose must be molded to it. It must be prudent, resolute,\\nfirm, unyielding; so firm and so undeviating as to fling conse-\\nquences to the wind, and unflinchingly stand the hazard of the\\ndie. Of such material was the spirit of 76 a hundred and twenty\\nyears ago; of such material is the spirit of 76 to-day.\\nWhat of the lessons of this great movement? What has it taught\\nmankind? It has brought about a revolution in methods in every\\ncivilized country under heaven but Spain. The Spaniard alone\\nrefuses to learn the lesson. Is it not about time that this willful\\ndullard was hurried into the class of civilization and made to\\nkeep pace with its progress? The spirit of 76 is a determined\\nspirit. It has a firm hold on humanity, and is resolved to continue\\n2929", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRES!\\n015 999 889 7\\nits guidance ttntil the whole world is united in its scholarship.\\nThe period of its minority was too long and its graduation too se-\\nvere for it to permit anything but progress in every branch of the\\npolitical philosophy of which it was at once the founder and the\\nguardian.\\nMr. Chairman, this Cuban question is not a question of domes-\\ntic politics, but one of national policy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 so high and so broad that\\nit seems to me all should be agreed in regard to it. The great Re-\\npublic should promptly and imperatively put an end to this mon-\\nstrosity on our borders, abhorrent to every principle which we\\nprofess to uphold. [Loud applause.]\\n2929", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESJ\\n015 999 889 7", "height": "3398", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "spiritof7600cumm_0012.jp2"}}