{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4117", "width": "2631", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "4\\n.fl37\\nCopy 1\\nPROPOSED ANNEXATION OF HAWAII.\\nSPEECH\\nOF\\nHON. D. S. ALEXANDER,\\nOl^ T JE\\\\V YORI^,\\nIN THE\\nHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,\\nSaturday, June 11,1898.\\nWJVSI-IINQTOM.\\n1S98,", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "i^ 7/3\\n4^\\n72335", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "srEEcn\\nHON. D. S. ALEXANDER.\\nThe House having under consideration the joint resohition (H. R. rJ5S)) to\\nprovide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States-\\nMr. ALEXANDER said:\\nMr. Speaker: The annexation of the Hawcaiian Islands, for the\\nfirst time in our history, is presented to us as a war necessity.\\nTheir strategic features have long been understood. Ever since\\nsteam supplanted wind these islands have been recognized as the\\nonly bridge over which the vast Pacific could be safely passed by\\na ^eet of modern war vessels. The cession of Pearl Harbor was\\nadvocated because it was the key to the full defense of our west-\\nern shore and because that key should rest only in the grasp of\\nthe United States.\\nNaval officers have written, and their readers have believed,\\nthat under present conditions it is not practicable for any trans-\\nPacific nation to invade our western coast without occupying\\nHawaii as a base, and for years it has been admitted that it would\\nbe vastly easier to defend these islands l:)y preoccupying and forti-\\nfying them. It has been demonstrated by the highest naval ex-\\nperts that a navy sufficient to protect our Pacific coast would also\\nbe ample to protect these islands, for in the event of war Hawaii\\nmust be occupied by the United States not only for a base, but to\\nprevent an enemy from using it against us as his base. In a war\\nneutrals would not prevent belligerents from taking possession\\nof it.\\nAll this has long been known. There is not a word written or\\nspoken to-day in favor of the annexation of these islands that has\\nnot often been heard during the past thirty years. Yet not until\\n3m 3", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "we are in the presence of necessities growing out of actual war\\nare these facts sufficiently and fully realized and appreciated to\\narouse the country to proper action. Necessity is not more the\\nmother of invention than it is the schoolmaster of a great people.\\nTo-day we need the Hawaiian Islands much more than they ever\\nneeded us. Since the splendid achievement of Admiral Dewey\\nHawaii has become as absolutely necessary to the successful con-\\nduct of war as it has heretofore appeared to be necessary in the\\ntheories of astute strategists. And yet the reasons for annexation\\nare no stronger or truer to-day than they were a year ago.\\nA STARTLING ADMISSION.\\nA few weeks ago I listened with great interest to the able speech\\nof the distinguished gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Johnson] in\\nopposition to the annexation of Hawaii. It was forceful and\\nhighly patriotic and will take its place among the best speeches\\ndelivered on the negative of this question. But at the very out-\\nset he made an admission, almost startling, coming from him, that\\nthe very few of our countrymen who have given any attention\\nto the subject are inclined to favor annexation! Is the converse\\nof this proposition also true? Are we to understand from the\\ngentleman that those of our coimtrymen who have given no at-\\ntention to the subject are inclined to oppose annexation?\\nI do not charge this as true, although the gentleman from Indi-\\nana seems to admit it, but I do believe that the better informed\\none becomes upon this subject the more inclined he is to accept\\nannexation as the only wise and patriotic escape from the present\\nsituation.\\nJAPAN S INCREASING INFLUENCE.\\nThe (juestion is not only, Shall we annex Hawaii? but. Are we\\nwilling to allow some other nation to annex it? Whatever may\\nbe the declarations or political intentions of the Japanese Gov-\\nernment as a Government, it is no longer a secret tliat the\\npeople of Hawaii are in danger of passing under the domination\\nof Japan by a peaceful process, as Captain Mahan says, of\\noverrunning and assimilation. For several months during 1896\\nand 1897 the Japanese entered Hawaii at the rate of 2,000 per\\nmonth, until now they number 2.-).000.or nearly one-quarter of the\\ntotal population. When Hawaii attempts to stay such an inva-\\n;5wj", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "sion by a resort to laws similar to our own against coutract labor-\\ners and patipers, Japan refuses to recognize its right so to legis-\\nlate and demands unrestricted immigration.\\nAdd to this demand the tremendous leap which Japan has\\ntaken within the past two years, becoming a recognized greafe\\npower of the Pacific, if not of the world, and it is easy to under-\\nstand why the conditions and attitude of Japan have changed\\nquickly and radically with respect to Hawaii. If these changing\\nconditions are permitted to go on, it is only a question of time,\\nand possibly of very short time, how soon the supremacy of Japan\\nv\\\\ ill be completed.\\nTHE WORK OF THE ANGLO-SAXON.\\nThis fact, if unaccepted or disregarded by the people of the\\nUnited States, is fully and startlingly recognized by the Anglo-\\nSaxon residents and their supporters, who have given to Hawaii its\\ncivilization, its schools, its churches, its commerce, and its great\\nproducing capacity, who own more than three-fourths of all\\nthe property of the country, who have transferred to it the insti-\\ntutions, the laws, and the helpful civilizing influences of Amer-\\nica, filling the land with railroads, cars, engines, waterworks,\\ntelephones, and all the latest inventions, improvements, and con-\\nveniences, which aid in making our country so desirable and so\\nprogressive.\\nThese 8,000 Americans, English, aad Germans, v/ho have ac-\\ncomplished all this and more, will not suffer themselves to be\\nswallowed up by the civilization of a remote East whose standards\\nof living are so much lower than ours that satisfactory existence\\nto them is equivalent to destitution and despair to us. These peo-\\nple have not toiled and endured privations for two generations,\\nturning Hawaii into a garden spot, rich in everything that makes\\nhome and life desirable, only at last to have it fall into the posses-\\nsion of Japan, either by the fiat of Government or by its inunda-\\ntion with orientalism.\\nTHEtK OFFEU AND THUIU APPEAL.\\nThese heroic souls, backed by a large proportion of native Ha-\\nwaiians. are now facing this problem. They offer to us four and\\none-half millions of acres, an extent of territory larger than Con-", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "6\\nnecticut and Rhode Island combined, which are practically owned\\nas well as governed by a people who are bone of our bone and\\nflesh of our flesh.\\nUnder laws similar to those in the United States they are striv-\\ning to hold back the flow of oriental immigration, that these\\nfavored isles of the sea may come to the great Republic as free as\\npossible from Asiatic influences; they appeal to us to study and\\nunderstand the seriousness of their situation and the importance\\nto us of their country; thej call attention to the fact that Hawaii\\nimports more of the products of the United States than any other\\ncountry bordering on the Pacific; that it bought more largely\\nin 1896 than any other nation save Australia; that it was the sec-\\nond largest wine customer, the third best purchaser of salmon\\nand barley, and the sixth best purchaser of American flour; that\\ntwice as many American vessels visit Hawaii in the course of a\\nyear as enter any other country on the globe; that in all the ports\\nof Europe in 1896 the American flag floated at the masthead of\\nonly 30 ships, that in the ports of Asia it was seen flying from the\\ntopmasts of but 98 ships, that in all the ports of,the United King-\\ndom our flag flying from the mast of a ship could be counted but\\n88 times, while in the ports of Hawaii it floated gracefully in the\\ntrade winds from the mainmasts of 191 vessels.\\nTHE KEED OF A STROKG ARM.\\nThe whole trend of trade, of law, of government, and of thought\\nis American. The President of the Republic, who is a type of the\\nmen responsible for this wonderful growth, is a native of Hawaii\\nand the son of two Maine missionaries, who went to the Sandwich\\nIslands in the early decades of the century to aid in the work of\\ncivilization. For the last five years these iieople have desired to\\nfly our flag, to give us their sovereignt} to accept our laws, and\\nto obey our commands; but they can not continue this invitation\\nforever.\\nThe need of some strong arm to uphold them is apparent. With\\nthe eyes of Japan fixed in deadly fascination upon their country,\\nbacked by its new life born of successful war, by its powerful\\nnavy sweeping in broadening ciriles about their domain, by its\\nmodern steel guns ranged upon their one great city, and, worse\\nthan all. by its commercial element already settled in position to", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "compete with and gradually destroy its meichauts, these people\\nare compelled to come to us or to go elsewhere to prevent being\\nswallowed up by the Orient.\\nE^fGLAND WILLING TO TAKE T^E^r.\\nWhere else can they go? It is an open secret that England, like\\nBarkis, is perfectly willing. Under the English flag their prop-\\nerty, their civilization, their laws, everything they hold dear and\\nwash to conserve, will be entirely secure. No oriental or other\\npower ever treads on that flag. Once under its folds, Hawaii\\nwould form a part of the great Anglo-Saxon community growing\\nup in the Pacific Ocean. Australia, larger than the United States\\nif we except Alaska, wdth its wonderful resources, developed and\\nundeveloped, stops the flow of two oceans under the Southern\\nCross. To the north and east a whole fleet of islands, marshaled\\nas if for war, are flying the same flag and controlled by the same\\nworld-inspiring, ijrogress-making people. Between that fleet of\\nislands and British America is Hawaii, affording the only port be-\\ntween Asia and America where a ton of coal or a barrel of water\\ncan be obtained.\\nWould England reject this Gibraltar of the Pacific? Not while\\nthe spirit of commerce guides the statesmen who define her policy\\nthroughout the world and the keen eye of its admiralty office\\nconserves her interests by providing in times of licace greater\\nsecurity and advantage for times of Vt^ar.\\nTHE MONROE DOCTIllNE.\\nThe question, therefore, presents itself, shall America or Eng-\\nland accept the invitation of this Anglo-Saxon blood that is hold-\\ning Hawaii to-day against the progressive, commercial, and\\nnational spirit which dominates this New World power that is\\nprojected into the domain of international politics?\\nFor more than fifty years we have maintained that these islands\\nare more nearly related to us than to an) other nation and that no\\npower should take possession of or control them. In 1843 Mr.\\nWebster, then Secretary of State, in replying to the application of\\nthe Hawaiian Government for recognition, wrote as follows:\\nTho President is of opinion that the interests of all the commercial nations\\nrequire that that Government (Hawaii) shall not be iutorfored with by for-\\neign powers. The United States are more interested in the fate of the islands\\n3433", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "8\\nand of their Government than any other nation can be, and this considera-\\ntion induces the President to be qviite willing to declare, as the sense of the\\nGovernment of the United States, that the Government of the Sandwich Is-\\nlands must not be interfered with as a conquest or for the purpose of coloni-\\nzation, and that no power ought to seek for any undue control over the exist-\\ntng Government or any exclusive privileges or preferences in matters of\\ncommerce.\\nlu 1843, after England had seized the islands, Mr. Legare, then\\nSecretar} of State under President Polk, wrote tlie United States\\nminister at London as follows:\\nIt is well known that we have no wish to plant or to acquii e colonies\\nabroad. Yet there is something so entirely peculiar in the relations between\\nthis little Commonwealth, Hawaii, and ourselves that we might even feel jus-\\ntified, consistently with our own principles, in interfering by force to prevent\\nits falling into the hands of one of the groat powers of Europe. These rela-\\ntions spring out of the local situation, the history and the character and in-\\nstitutions of the Hawaiian Islands, as well as out of the declarations formally\\nmade by this Government during the course of the last session of Congress,\\nto which I beg leave to call your particular attention.\\nIf the attempts now making by ourselves as well as other Christian powers\\nto open the markets of China to a more general commerce be successful, there\\ncan be no doubt but that a great part of that commerce will find its way over\\nthe isthmus. In that event it will be impossible to overrate the importance\\nof the Hawaiian group as a stage in the long voyage between Asia and Amer-\\nica. But without anticipating events which, however, seem inevitable and\\neven approaching, the actual demands of an immense navigation make the\\nfree use of these roadsteads and ports indispensiblo to us. It seems doubtful\\nwhether even the undisputed possession of the Oregon Territory and the use\\nof the Columbia River, or indeed anythmg short of the acquisition of Califor-\\nnia (if that were possible), would be sufficient indemnity to ua for the loss of\\nthese harbors.\\nIn 1849, when the French showed a disposition hostile to the\\nHawaiian Government, Mr. Buchanan, then Secretary- of State,\\nsent the following dispatch to the United States minister resident\\nat Honolulu:\\nWe ardently desire that the Hawaiian Islands may maintain tlieir inde-\\npendence. It would be highly injurious to our interests if, tempted by their\\nweakness, they should be seized by Great Britain or France; more especially\\nso since our recent acquisitions from Mexico on the Pacific Ocean.\\nAgain, in 18o0, Secretary of State Clayton, and later, in 1851,\\nMr. Webster addressed the United States minister at Paris, their\\nlanguage having no uncertain meaning. Mr. Webster, referring\\nto the further demands against Hawaii, said:\\nA step like this could not fail to bo viewed by the Government and people\\nof the Cnited States with a dissatisfaction which would tend seriously to\\ndisturb our existing friendly relations with the French Government.\\nA few months later, upon hearing that the French still threat-\\n3t.i3", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "9\\nened Hawcaii, Mr. Webster wrote as follows to the American con-\\nsul at Honolulu:\\nI trust the French will not take possession; but if they do, they will be\\ndislodged, if my advice is taken, if the whole power of the Government is\\nrequired to do it.\\nFrom that day to this our Government has maintained the same\\nposition respecting these islands, and are we now to be told that\\nwe do not wish to increase our Navy to defend them, or our ap-\\npropriations to fortify them? That in order to avoid entangling\\nalliances with other countries we must refuse to make Hawaii c\\npart of our territory? Is it no longer true, as Mr. Webster said,\\nthat the United States are more interested in the fate of the\\nislands and of their government than any other nation can be?\\nWas Secretary Legare wrong when he said that it will be im-\\npossible to overrate the importance of the Hawaiian group as a\\nstage in the long voyage between Asia and America?\\nShall it be said that Secretary Clayton was misinformed when\\nhe proclaimed the fact that the situation of the Sandwich\\nIslands in respect to our possessions on the Pacific and the com-\\nmercial bonds between them and the United States are such that\\nwe could never with indifference allow them to pass under the\\ndomination or exclusive control of any other power The great\\nSecretary of State under President Fillmore believed the Ha-\\nwaiian Islands are ten times nearer to the United States than to\\nany of the powers of Europe. Five-sixths of all their commer-\\ncial intercourse is with the United States, and these considerations\\nhave fixed the course which the Government of the United States\\nwill pursue in regard to them.\\nAre these statesmanlike views less true to-day than in 1851?\\nShall the fears of the gentleman from Indiana that Hawaii will\\nbe a source of irritation for all time to come; that it may cost us\\nsomething to fortify and protect it; that because it is not contig-\\nuous to our territory and its inhabitants are not homogeneous\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nshall such and similar fears overturn the sentiments of our great-\\nest statesmen and change the policy of our Government that has\\nbeen adhered to for more than half a century?\\nHAWAII NEVER BEFORE OFFERED US.\\nThe gentleman from Indiana was misinformed when he as-\\nserted several weeks ago that in 1853 these islands were offered to\\n3133", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "10\\nus for the mere acceptance of them and that the statesmanship of\\nthat day was sensible and patriotic enough to respectfully decline\\nthem. In August, 1853, and again in January, ISoi, petitions in\\nfavor of annexation to the United States were presented to the\\nKing, and, although opposed by the missionaries and many others,\\nthe King, disheartened by the demands of foreign powers, by\\nthreats of filibusters and by conspirators at home, commanded\\nMr. Wyllie, his secretary of state, to ascertain on what terms a\\ntreaty of annexation could be negotiated. Acting under instruc-\\ntions from Mr. Marcy, our minister, Mr. Gregg completed such\\na treaty on August 7, 1854, but the King s death occurred before\\nhe had concluded his consideration of it, and his successor refused\\nto ratify it. This closed all negotiations between the two coun-\\ntries until. July 20, 1861, when a treaty of reciprocity was con-\\ncluded.\\nAMERICA ATILL XEVER CONSENT TO ENGLAND S CONTKOL.\\nBut what do gentlemen say to the proposition that these islands,\\nbeing refused by us, shall pass, upon the invitation of the\\nHawaiian Government, under the control of England? Would\\nthey have the United States play the part of the dog in tho\\nmanger? Shall we decline annexation and disallow the great,\\nprotecting Anglo-Saxon arm of England to take them within her\\nembrace? If, as gentlemen say, we do not wish to increase our\\nNavy to defend them or our appropriations to fortify them; if their\\ntrade and their strategic position are of less value to us than the\\nmoney it might cost to uphold them, why longer consider them\\nwithin the Monroe doctrine?\\nIf our view of their value has changed since the days of Webster\\nand Marcy and Legare; if in 1881 Mr. Blaine was wrong in his\\nstatement that the situation of the Hawaiian Islands, giving\\nthem strategic control of the North Pacific, brings their posses-\\nsion within the range of questions of purely American policy, as\\nmuch so as that of the Isthmus itself; if everything that has\\nbeen said and done respecting these islands for half a century is\\nwrong, then why care who owns them or controls them?\\nBut let me say to the gentlemon that this country will never\\nconsent that the great statesmen of the past were wrong. What-\\never be the cost of defending them, whatever be the fears of en-\\ntangling foreign alliances, whatever bo thj character of their popu-", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "11\\nlation, their distance from the Pacific coast, or the undesirability\\nof further annexation of territory, the people of tlie United States\\nwill never willingly allow England or any other country to\\npossess or control Hawaii.\\nTHE PEOPLE FRIENDLY TO ANNEXATION.\\nI can not credit the statement that the people of Hawaii are\\nopposed to annexation. Tiiey favored it in 1854, but their king\\nrefused to ratify the treaty. In 1867 Secretary Seward feared\\nthat the reciprocity treaty would be actively opposed on the\\nground that it would hinder and defeat an early annexation, to\\nwhich the people of the Sandwich Islands are supposed to be now\\nstrongly inclined. Annexation, continued the great War Sec-\\nretary of State, is in every case to be preferred to reciprocity.\\nSecretary Fish and Mr. Blaine, although more guarded, perhaps,\\nin their language, wtre of the same opinion.\\nThe monster petit ion opposing annexation to which reference\\nhas been made is neither representative nor honest. It is well\\nunderstood that it was prepared by the immediate followers of the\\nr late Queen; that the methods employed to obtain it were not of a\\nhigh character, and that what it purports to show is untrue and\\nP unfounded. That the native Hawaiians, as well as half-breeds,\\nare as friendly to annexation as the Germans, Scandinavians, and\\nAnglo-Saxons is well understood by those who have been in posi-\\ntion, official and otherwise, to know the true feeling that obtains\\nupon those islands.\\nITS TERRITORY NOT CONTIGUOUS.\\nMr. Speaker, I do not reject annexation because Hawaii is not\\ncontiguous. Alaska is not contiguous; the Aleutian Islands are\\nnot contiguous; Midway Island, 1,200 miles west of Honolulu,\\nwhich we annexed in 1867, and for the development of which we\\nappropriated $50,000, is not contiguous territory. When we an-\\nnexed Louisiana, it was farther away from ourseatof government\\nthan Hawaii is to-day.\\nTrue, it was contiguous by land as Alaska is, but no one hi 1803\\nwent to New Orleans by land any more than they now go to\\nAlaska by an overland route. England is 2,800 miles from New\\nYork, but no one thinks of it being farther away or more difficult\\nto reach than San Francisco. Water plowed by the modern steam-\\nship is no more of a barrier thanland traversed by a modern railroad\\n3433", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "12\\ntrain. In tlie days of Rome s greatness it was easier to reacli\\nAlexandria or Athens or Carthage than to cross into the contigu-\\nous territory of the GaiiLs. It was by land, too, let ns remember,\\nthat the peoples came who finally conquered Rome.\\nCnAHACTEU OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPI-E.\\nB O-t the principal objection to annexation seems to be to its peo-\\nl)le. The entire population of these islands is less in number than\\nthe number that sometimes passes through the gates of Castle Gar-\\nden in a single month; but among them all there is not a beggar,\\na pauper, or a tramp. A prison may be necessary, but not a poor-\\nhouse. Their producing capacity per capita is larger than in any\\nother nation of the world. School attendance is compulsory, and\\ninstead of ignorance being the general rule and intelligence the\\nexception, as the gentleman from Indiana charges, outside of the\\nJapanese and Chinese, ignorance is said to be the exception and\\nintelligence the general rule.\\nThe gentleman admits as much when he affirms that a mon-\\nster petition has been presented by two-thirds of the native in-\\nhabitants of that island. Ignorance does not sign and present\\npetitions upon any subject, and when two-thirds of 30,000 people\\ncan thus make themselves heard and felt, they are not to be classi-\\nfied or compared, as the gentleman from Indiana would have us\\nbelieve, with the ignorance, the pauperism, and the crime of the\\nOld World, such as are excluded from our shores by a recent act\\nof Congress.\\nThe Chinese rushed into Hawaii when California was being\\nfilled by three times as many Orientals; but a country which\\nunder better conditions will be able to support 1,000,000, instead\\nof iOO.OOO population, as now, need not fear 21,000 Chinese. The\\nState of California, with 1,200,000 people, has no fear of its 72,000\\nAsiatics. In ten years, from 1880 to 1890, tliis class of its popula-\\ntion fell off over 3,000.\\nThere is no reason to believe that the Chinese of Hawaii will\\nform an exception, for they are there only to accumulate, anx-\\niously looking forward to the day when, having a few hundred\\ndollars, the steamer .shall return them to their own people and\\nhomes. Within ten years after the sources of supply are cut off\\nas effectually as in the United States the Orientals of Hawaii will\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0dm", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "18\\nbe fonncl infrequently, and then only washing the dirty linen of\\na superior and more prosperous people.\\nCHARACTER OF PEOPLE FORMERLT AXXEX3D BY THE UXITED STATES.\\nMr. Speaker, what has been the character of the people hereto-\\nfore annexed? We purchased the province of Louisiana in 1803;\\nSpain ceded Florida in 1819; Texas was annexed in 1816; the great\\nterritory of Utah, Arizona, and California was ceded by Mexico\\nin 1818; the Gadsden purchase was consummated in 1853, and\\nAhiska came to us in 1867; yet not one of these cessions brought\\na homogeneous or desirable people. Louisiana had a few thou-\\nsand Frenchmen and a few hundred thousand Indians. The popu-\\nlation of Florida was composed of Spaniards and Indians. Texas\\nadded only Mexicans to more Spanish and Indians. With the ex-\\nception of a few Americans and some Spanish priests, the cession\\nof California brought us nothing but more Mexicans and Indians.\\nThe Gadsden purchase increased this numler, while Alaska en-\\nriched us with several hundred Russians and 40,000 Arctic Indians.\\nUndesirable as these people were, the country survives, and no\\none to day would part with an inch of territory so acquired.\\nXO DANGER FROM LEPROSY.\\nBut from these acquisitions we got no leprosy, I hear it said.\\nNo, but we got the yellow-fever scourge, which, under the wiser\\ntreatment and conditions of these latter days, is gradually disap-\\npearing. Under similar wise treatment and segregation now in\\nforce in Hawaii, no one sees leprosy or thinks of it, or is in danger\\nfrom it. Like the leprosy of Egypt, one must inquire where it is\\nand seek it out if he would see it. Such a reason is unworthy\\nserious consideration.\\nINFLUENCE OF AMERICAN CIVILIZATION.\\nMr. Speaker, excluding the Chinese and Japane3e, who, as I\\nhave shown, will gradually disappear of their own volition, there\\nare about 60,000 people, men, women, and children, in Hawaii.\\nOf these, 39,000 are native and half-breed Hawaiians\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a race\\nwhich, it is claimed by the opponents of annexation, is dying out.\\nThe remaining 21,000 are Anglo-Saxon, Germans, Scandinavians,\\nand Portuguese, such people as are scattered all over our country,\\nwith whom we are familiar, to whom we do not object, and among\\nwhom we live and associate, without a thought that they are not\\nhomogeneous or desirable.\\n3433", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "14\\nAmong these 60,000 people there are to-day 195 schools in which\\nonly English is studied, and 14,000 pupils, taught by 426 teachers,\\nreceiving an average salary of $636 per year, 46.5 per cent of \\\\Yhom\\nare Americans and 26.5 are Hawaiians and part Hawaiians. Of\\nthe pupils 56.5 per cent are Hawaiians and 25 percent Portu-\\nguese.\\nIn 1897 the total number of children of school age (6 to 15 years)\\nwas 14,286, of vy liom 96.20 per cent were in school. Of the total\\nflawaiian jiopiilation above 6 years of age, 85.28 percent can read\\nand write.\\nIt is a mistake the gentleman from Indiana makes Vv hen he says\\nthese people have not been educated as v. e have; that they have\\nnot our habits of thought. For seventy years they have been\\nliving under the influences of American civilization. They speak\\nand study our language; the Stars and Stripes are as familiar as\\ntheir own flag; their laws are copied from those of the United\\nStates; their rulers, whether under the Crown or the Republic,\\nhave been largely of American birth or ancestry; they know and\\nsee only United States money; the English is the language of their\\ncourts and of the educated classes, and among their holidays are\\nthe Fourth of July, Decoration Day, and Washington s and Lin-\\ncoln s birthdays. Outside of the United States there is no people\\neo American, so closely allied with our institutions, and so well\\nacquainted with our history and our life.\\nIn eighty years we have absorbed more than 40,000,000 foreign-\\ners, and the mixture of these races has developed a people which\\nstands out in the world s history as the most intelligent, the most\\ninventive, the most prosperous, and the best equipped for war or\\npeace; a peoi)le which the world calls American. as distinctive\\nand homogeneous, as loj-al and pati iotic, as proud and as resentful\\nof insult to their country s honor as is the P nglishman or German or\\nFrenchman. Some may not read and speak the language as read-\\nily as others; the glorious history of the past, the shaded lines\\nbetween State and Federal Government, and the relation of liberty\\nand license may not be known with equal clearness to all; but the\\nflag is recognized, the law is respected, the school is attendtMl, and\\nthe peace is kept better than in any other country on the globe.\\nSlXi", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "c.", "height": "3748", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "LiBRHKY Oh CONUKt.i.b.\\n013 788 879 8", "height": "3696", "width": "2274", "jp2-path": "proposedannexati00alex_0018.jp2"}}