{"1": {"fulltext": "Gic*", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "1786 y\\n16\\ny i\\nCUBA:\\nA LAND OF STARVATION AND SORROW.\\nFor Cuba the present is dark and foreboding; but we must not forget that\\nGod reigns, and that the mighty sweep of human progress will not rest until\\noppression and cruelty are overcome and the aspirations and hopes of all\\npeople struggling for better conditions and a higher life are realized. Poor\\nCuba Crushed and bleeding, I commend her to the great heart of the Ameri-\\ncan people.\\nSPEECH\\nOF\\nHON. JACOB H. GALLINGER,\\nOF- NEW HAMPSHIRE,\\nSENATE OF THE UNITED STATES,\\nWednesday, March 23, 1S98.\\nWASHINGTOM.\\n1898.", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "-:_:\\n/-^/93^", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "SPEECH\\nOF\\nHON. JACOB H. GALLINGER.\\nAFFAIRS IN CUBA.\\nMr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, after the calm, dispassion-\\nate, and touching statement made in the Senate concerning Cuba\\nby the distinguished Senator from Vermont [Mr. Proctor] it\\nmight be well for me to remain silent; indeed, Mr. President, that\\nwas my purpose when 1 returned from the island, but yielding to\\nthe expressed wish of many of my Senatorial colleagues, I have\\nconsented to give a plain recital of what I saw during my recent\\nbrief visit to that unhappy country, in the hope that it may add\\nsomething to the already deep interest felt by the masses of the\\nAmerican people in the struggle now going on 80 miles from the\\nAmerican shore.\\nNeither the criticisms, many of them utterly unkind and un-\\njust, which have already been made regarding that trip, nor the\\nfear of the denunciations of the apologists and defenders of Spain\\nwill deter me from plain speech or the expression of views quite\\nas honestly held as those of the men and newspapers who indulge\\nin the senseless cry of jingo whenever a word is uttered in favor\\nof freedom and independence for a people who for three centuries\\nhave been oppressed beyond endurance. In 1829, in 1844, in 1848,\\nin 1850, in 1851, in 1868, and again in 1895 have the brave people\\nof Cuba endeavored to break the chain that bound them and to\\nestablish for themselves free government on the soil that right-\\nfully is theirs. The failure of the ten-years war, ending in 1878,\\nis fresh in the minds of us all, and the violation of the promises\\nmade by Spain to the insurgents as a condition of peace is a\\nmatter of history which need not be recounted.\\nFor many years I had felt a desire to visit Cuba, and when the\\nopportunity offered for me to go in the company of some of my\\nCongressional associates I was glad to do so, as it would enable\\nme to see with my own eyes the devastation and wretchedness\\nthat I believed existed in that fertile but smitten land.\\nAfter a somewhat tempestuous and eventful voyage Havana\\nwas reached on the morning of the 10th instant. Looking out\\nthrough the mists of early morning, Morro Castle, with its gloomy\\nmemories, and the fortress of Cabanas, within whose walls hun-\\ndreds of brave and innocent men have been shot to death, stood\\nout in bold relief. The beautiful harbor was entered, in which\\nwere many vessels flying the Spanish flag, while the Montgomery\\nalone had at its masthead the Stars and Stripes glorious emblem\\nof freedom and liberty. No, not alone, for as our vessel passed\\nthe wreck of the great battle ship that so recently was destroyed\\nan American flag floated from her also.\\n3162 3", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "A CALL UPON GENERAL LEE.\\nVery soon after our arrival General Lee called upon us at the\\nhotel, and graciously offered to accompany the party to the palace\\nto meet General Blanco. General Lee is deserving of the highest\\npossible praise for the manner in which he carries himself in\\nHavana. Cool and fearless in the midst of difficulties and dan-\\ngers, he never loses sight of the fact that he is an American citi-\\nzen and the representative of this great Government, nor is he\\never unmindful of the tremendous responsibilities and duties of\\nhis position.\\nA VISIT TO THE PALACE.\\nThe visit to the palace was one of much interest. At a former\\nperiod General Blanco was Captain-General of the island, and he\\nis held in high esteem by the Spanish Government. When he\\nassumed office this time it was as the successor of General Weyler,\\nwho, because of his cruelties, was driven from Cuba by the force\\nof American public opinion. General Blanco was gracious in the\\nextreme, and Dr. Congosto (who speaks most excellent English)\\nshowed the party many courtesies. Of course no allusion was\\nmade to political affairs.\\nTHE AUTONOMIST CABINET.\\nOur next call was upon the autonomist cabinet, but we only\\nsaw the president of the cabinet. With him we discussed some-\\nwhat the question of autonomy; but it was plain to be seen that\\nhe was not greatly encouraged in the work that had been under-\\ntaken in that direction. The truth is, autonomy is a fiat failure,\\nopposed alike by the ultra Spaniards and the Cubans. The lead-\\ners of the insurrection have not forgotten how they were cheated\\nby Spain in 1878, and the blandishments and bribes now being\\noffered them are spurned with contempt. Better death than\\nautonomy, said a leading Cuban to me, for, he added, auton-\\nomy is only a pretense, Under which we would again be slaves to\\nSpain.\\nIS THERE WAR IN CUBA?\\nI recall the fact that in the debates had in the Senate on the\\nCuban question there have always been those who have denied\\nthat a real state of war exists in the island. It does not take long\\nfor one on the spot to determine that war does actually exist. A\\ndesolated country and a stricken people tell the story of war in\\nlanguage more eloquent than I can use. It is a peculiar kind of\\nwar, not the kind that this country became acquainted with at\\nShiloh and Vicksburg, at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and\\nwhich General Sherman summed up in those three laconic words,\\nWar is hell. It is not the kind of war that Grant and Lee,\\nSherman and Jackson, Sheridan, Longstreet, and Logan partici-\\npated in from 1861 to 1865. In Cuba it is a war of starvation and\\nextermination a war more cruel than any the world has ever\\nknown.\\nTHE SPANISH SOLDIERY.\\nThe Spanish military do not impress an American with the idea\\nthat they are great soldiers. I witnessed three military drills, and\\nin each case the story of the Awkward Squad came vividly to\\nmy mind. Talking and smoking in the ranks were noticeable,\\nand neither officers nor soldiers seemed to possess the true mili-\\ntary spirit. It is said that the rank and file of the Spanish army\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "have not been paid for six months, and they certainly are poorly\\nclothed and inadequately fed. The high officers appear to do most\\nof their fighting in cafes and hotels, the actual fighting in the\\nfield being done under the command of officers of inferior grade.\\nTHE INSURGENTS.\\nAs to the insurgents, it is said that they are well fed and com-\\nfortably clad, their chief lack being guns and ammunition. They\\nare good soldiers, under strict military discipline. They occupy\\na large part of the island, and, in my judgment, can take Havana\\nor Matanzas whenever it suits their purpose, but for want of\\nships they could not hold those cities if taken. In Matanzas I\\nwas offered safe passport to the insurgent lines, but it was de-\\nclined for want of time.\\nTERRIBLE SCENES.\\nThe scenes in the streets of Havana are harrowing beyond de-\\nscription. People in want and suffering are everywhere seen,\\nand walking skeletons meet one on every hand. Naked children,\\nemaciated and ragged women, and diseased and starving men\\nthrong the streets, the hotel lobbies, and every place of public re-\\nsort. It is a terrible sight, one that sickens the heart, and quick-\\nens every impulse of human sympathy and love.\\nI have said in the public prints, and I repeat, that the Kingdom\\nof Spain is carrying on a war in Cuba more utterly cruel and\\nindefensible than any that the world chronicles, unless perchance a\\nparallel may be found in the oppressions that the Armenians have\\nsuffered at the hands of the Unspeakable Turk. My observations\\nwere first made not in the rural districts, where the most horrible\\nconditions are conceded to exist, but right in Havana, under the\\nshadow of cathedrals and churches, where Spain s authority ia\\nabsolutely unquestioned. The world has heard with horror the\\nstory of the starvation of hundreds of thousands of innocent peo-\\nple on this island, but while the statement has been generally ac-\\ncepted as true, there are those who have refused to believe that a\\ngreat Government was waging a war of extermination instead of\\na war of honor, conducted upon the high principles of humanity\\nand bravery, yet such is the fact.\\nCLARA BARTON AND HER GOOD WORK.\\nIn my investigations I visited the orphanage under the care of\\nthat sainted woman, Clara Barton, who is being ably assisted by\\nDr. A. M. Lesser, surgeon in chief of the Red Cross Hospital of\\nNew York City, and his accomplished wife. It was also my great\\nprivilege to meet there Mr. Louis Klopsch, proprietor of the Chris-\\ntian Herald, under whose efforts the money has been raised to\\ncarry on Miss Barton s Heaven-inspired work, and who receives\\nhelp and encouragement from his wife, who is there in person to\\ndo what she can to alleviate the terrible suffering that exists.\\nIn connection with the orphanage a dispensary is maintained,\\nDr. Lesser being ably seconded in that work by a corps of Cuban\\nphysicians, and every day hundreds of poor creatures are assisted\\nin that way. At present the orphanage contains about fifty chil-\\ndren, almost every one of whom is the victim of starvation, suffer-\\ning from diseases directly traceable to want of food and imperfect\\nnourishment. Dr. Lesser has had experience in the famine in\\nArmenia, and I believe in India, and is recognized as the highest\\npossible authority on diseases of that kind. I have it from his\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "6\\nlips, and also from Miss Barton s, that the famine in Cuba is\\nworse than was that in Armenia or any other of which they have\\nknowledge, and the pictures that they drew of the terrible suf-\\nfering from starvation in the island fully confirm what has been\\nwritten on the subject by those whose statements have been chal-\\nlenged in some quarters.\\nHUMAN SUFFERING IN ITS WORST FORM.\\nFor most of my life, as a physician, I have witnessed human\\nsuffering, but pictures of wretchedness and anguish were photo-\\ngraphed upon my brain in Cuba that will never be effaced. After\\nthe visit to the orphanage was over I went with the medical gen-\\ntlemen and others to Los Focas, the place where the reconcentra-\\ndos assemble daily to get food and shelter. There is a large side\\nyard, which was filled with men, women, and children, a motly,\\ndilapidated, hungry-looking crowd. But sad as was the crowd\\noutside, it was nothing as compared with that inside the building.\\nThe structure is 108 by 40 feet, two stories high, and when a few\\nweeks ago Miss Barton discovered the place there were 645 people\\nlying on the floor, many of them entirely nude, and all suffering\\nthe pangs of starvation.\\nThe children in the orphanage were taken from that wretched\\nabode, and much has been done by the Red Cross to alleviate the\\ncondition of those who remain. Cot beds have been furnished,\\nclothing supplied, plain food distributed, medical attendance ar-\\nranged for, and every effort is being made in their behalf. Still\\nthere are men, women, and children there as gaunt and bony,\\nalmost, as a skeleton, while the sores that come from insufficient\\nnourishment, and the other deplorable effects of starvation, are\\nseen on every hand. I looked upon the scene until heartsickened,\\nand then I thought of the hundreds of thousands of poor creatures\\nwho have perished in this island for want of food since the order\\nwas issued by Weylerto drive them from their homes and concen-\\ntrate them in the cities.\\nWhat a chapter of horrors and death is that! And still the\\ntragedy goes on. How much longer it shall continue largely de-\\npends upon the forbearance of a great people who through suffer-\\ning and sorrow achieved their own independence, and whose sym-\\npathies have always gone out to the oppressed of all the nations\\nof the world.\\nIn brief, that tells the story of what was seen in Havana, except\\nthat the picture is mild, and in the very nature of things fails to\\nreveal the horrible, inexpressible sufferings of those poor, perse-\\ncuted people.\\nMany sights were witnessed which could not properly be related\\nin this presence. Certain American newspapers have been per-\\nsistently charged with coloring the facts and giving false informa-\\ntion to our people. I do not see how it is possible for human lan-\\nguage to exaggerate the suffering that, exists in Cuba, and cer-\\ntainly the newspapers that are spending enormous sums of money\\nto keep the American public informed as to the situation deserve\\npraise rather than censure, for otherwise no information what-\\never favorable to the Cuban cause would come to us. Spanish\\ncensorship could be relied upon to give only one side of the con-\\ntroversy. The New York Journal keeps a large steam tug and a\\nyacht employed in making daily trips from Havana to Key West\\nbearing dispatches, and I am informed that that enterprising news-\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "paper is spending $1,000 a day in that service and in gathering\\nnews on the island.\\nA VISIT TO MATANZAS.\\nDesiring to see something of Cuba outside of Havana, a visit to\\nMatanzas was decided upon.\\nMatanzas is reached from Havana by both water and rail. I\\nchose the latter, notwithstanding the suggestion that the insur-\\ngents were not far from the railroad, which was emphasized by\\nthe fact that an armored car, occupied by Spanish soldiers, was\\nattached to the train. The distance is about 60 miles, which is\\ncovered in three hours by a railroad the trains on which are\\nstarted by the ringing of a bell in the hands of a sturdy negro,\\nand the track and rolling stock of which suggest antiquity rather\\nthan the ideas of our modern civilization.\\nThe road runs through a beautiful valley, with mountain ranges\\non either side, which were pointed out as the abode of the insur-\\ngents. Over the entire distance is seen the effects of war, scarcely\\nany cultivated land being visible, and the charred remains of\\nvillages and sugar plantations telling the story of devastation and\\ndestruction.\\nAt one point 6 soldiers and about the same number of civilians\\noccupied the site of a village of 2,000 inhabitants at the beginning\\nof the war, only one or two buildings remaining to tell the story\\nof the struggle that has been waged for three j^ears.\\nBurning cane fires not far from the railroad indicated that the\\ninsurgents, and possibly the Spanish soldiers, were busy. Indeed,\\nonly a few evenings ago an insurgent force captured a large herd\\nof horses and cattle in the outskirts of Matanzas, while the Daunt-\\nless discharged her last cargo of insurgent material literally in\\nthe harbor of that city.\\nI was fortunate to have as traveling companions Congressmen\\nAmos J. Cummings, of New York, and William Alden Smith,\\nof Michigan; also Clara Barton; J. K. Elwell, of Lawrence, Kans.;\\nDr. and Mrs. Lesser, of New York; Dr. Hubbell and Mrs. Ward,\\nof Washington; Mr. Louis Klopsch, proprietor of the Christian\\nHerald, and other philanthropic persons. Senators Thurston\\nand Money went to Matanzas by water.\\nAll along the route were wretched people in rags, but not until\\nMatanzas was reached was the full extent of the existing suffering\\nrealized.\\nThe railroad station was crowded with poor creatures, many of\\nthem nearing their graves as a consequence of starvation and re-\\nsulting disease. Men, women, and children jostled and crowded\\none another begging for help. Some of the children were entirely\\nwithout clothing, while most of them were covered only in part,\\nand that with ragged and dirty garments. The same condition\\nof things was seen on the streets, and the hotel lobby exhibited\\nother scenes of similar destitution.\\nDANTE S INFERNO.\\nIt occurred to me as I looked upon these scenes of suffering and\\nhorror that the Cuban reconcentrados might well have adopted\\nthe words of Dante, Who enters here leaves hope behind, when\\nthey were driven from the fields and herded like cattle in the cities\\nand towns of this fertile land.\\nThe truth is that Weyler devised a scheme of human suffering\\nand sorrow that put Dante s Inferno into the shade and converted\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "8\\na contented, prosperous people into a herd of suffering, starving\\nunfortunates.\\nTrue, it is said that under the present regime they are per-\\nmitted to resume work on the land, but careful inquiry failed to\\ndiscover that this is really so, and even were it so, how could\\nstarving, penniless men and women, with sick and emaciated\\nchildren, find their way to their former homes and take up the\\nduties of life, with their houses destroyed, their farm implements\\ngone, their live stock driven away, and every means of supporting\\nlife taken from them by the cruel edict of a merciless tyrant?\\nIn Matanzas I met an American citizen at the office of the\\nUnited States consul who one year ago was worth $150,000, but\\nwho to-day is utterly penniless. He was driven from his home\\ninto the city, his buildings destroyed, and the accumulations of a\\nlifetime disappeared. Recently he was told that he could return\\nto his land, which he did, engaging in the manuf acttire of char-\\ncoal; but scarcely had he commenced work when his property was\\nagain seized and he was returned to the city, inside of the line\\ncalled the zone of cultivation.\\nA day in Matanzas is one never to be forgotten. The city nes-\\ntles by the bay, just as it did before it was smitten by famine and\\nwhen commerce and trade made it one of the most important\\nports of Cuba. To-day the bay is deserted, except by ships bring-\\ning relief to the starving people.\\nA PLACE Or BEGGARY AND DEATH.\\nMatanzas is literally a place of beggary and death. Never be-\\nfore did my eyes behold such suffering, and never again do I\\nexpect to see such havoc wrought through a cruel and inhuman\\ndecree.\\nAfter a call on Consul Brice, whose good work in Matanzas is\\nknown and recognized everywhere, the company were driven to\\nthe palace of the governor of the province, where they were re-\\nceived most graciously. The present governor is Cespedes de\\nArnos, a well-known journalist, and a man who seems to fully\\nappreciate the appalling condition of the people.\\nHe was especially kind and courteous to Miss Barton, placing\\nat her disposal one of the finest apartments in the palace; and the\\nother members of the family were equally devoted to this good\\nwoman.\\nThe governor talked freely of the situation, tendered the party\\na reception that was declined, and when he proposed a toast to\\nHail Columbia it was evident that his eyes are turned in the\\nonly direction whence help can come to this stricken people.\\nGovernor Arnos succeeded Senor Paret, who served under Wey-\\nler, and who is remembered as a cruel, brutal man. The present\\nincumbent of the office, while serving the Spanish Government,\\nis unquestionably very solicitous for a betterment of the condi-\\ntion of the people.\\nReturning from places of public resort, the party visited three\\nhospitals, named, respectively, Providencia, Caridad, and San Car-\\nlos, and here were fresh evidences of the ravages that starvation\\nis working.\\nSome members of the Red Cross had visited the hospitals two\\nweeks ago, but they were terrified to discover that almost every\\none of the then inmates had died, and to some extent others had\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "taken their places. Here poverty, sorrow, and suffering were de-\\npicted in their worst forms. Children, gaunt in face but with\\nabdomen and limbs terribly swollen, women in the last stage of\\nemaciation, and men rapidly drifting to death were on every hand.\\nHOSPITALS WITHOUT FOOD OR MEDICINE.\\nIf there was food in these hospitals I did not discover it. Nei-\\nther were there signs of medicine or of proper nursing or care.\\nAs these unfortunates lay there, suffering the pangs of hunger,\\nan abundance of food was at the railroad station, sent there by\\nMiss Barton more than a week ago. but which through some mis-\\ntake had not been distributed, and the Fern and one other Ameri-\\ncan vessel were lying in the bay loaded down with contributions\\nfrom the Government and people of the United States.\\nCLARA BARTON.\\nI wish I could command language eloquent enough to pay a just\\ntribute to Clara Barton, the guardian angel of oppressed, suffering\\nhumanity. More than 70 years of age, when the cry came from\\nfar-off Armenia she was soon in that stricken land, carrying the\\nministrations of the gospel and distributing benefactions under\\nthe aegis of the Society of the Red Cross. More than three-score\\nand ten years of age, she has again responded to the Macedonian\\ncry, and is in Cuba relieving suffering and sorrow a very angel\\nof mercy and of human love and sympathy. God bless Clara\\nBarton!\\nDEATH THE ONLY RELIEF.\\nFor a large proportion of tho remaining reconcentrados death\\nis the only relief. Food and medicine may palliate for a time the\\nsuffering they endure, but starvation has done its work, and the\\ngrave will claim many of them in the near future.\\nFrom the hospitals I went to the huts on the outskirts of the\\ncity, occupied by the families of reconcentrados, and here again\\nis material for the artist and the novelist. In huts of one room,\\nthatched with palm leaves, are families of eight or ten eking out a\\nmiserable existence. They were driven out of their homes when\\nthe plan was adopted to exterminate the Cuban race by starvation.\\nIn their suffering and wretchedness they appear cheerful, occu-\\npying a portion of the time in making palm-leaf hats, for which\\nthere is a very limited demand at 6 cents each. Of course the chil-\\ndren beg to help supply the absolute necessaries of life.\\nTERRIBLE DEATH RATE.\\nIn this sketch I have not attempted to picture the extreme hor-\\nrors of the situation, but rather to give a plain and tmvarnished\\nstatement of what is seen at every turn. The death rate here, as\\nelsewhere on the island, has been enormous. The governor of\\nMatanzas told me that the first day he occupied the palace 15 per-\\nsons died in the courtyard. He further said that in that city 1,200\\ndied in November, 1,200 in December, 700 in January, and 500 in\\nFebruary.\\nThe death rate is decreasing simply because the material\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\nreconcentrados is becoming less. Estimating the population of\\nthe city at 75,000, and taking a death rate of 20 in 1,000, that would\\ngive 1,500 deaths in a year.\\nBut here we have 3,600 deaths in four months, more than seven\\ntimes that of a normal death rate, and the sad thing of it all is\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "10\\nthat the excess above the average rate shows the number of deaths\\nfrom starvation, and from nothing else.\\nOn the cars I was told that in San Cristobal one coach, used as\\na hearse, had carried to the cemetery 800 dead in twenty-six days,\\nwhile many uncoffined dead were disposed of in other ways; and\\nin another place of 3,000 inhabitants, Santa Cruz del Norte, not\\nfar from Matanzas, every dog and cat has been eaten, and utter\\ndesolation confronts the place unless relief comes soon.\\nThe mayor of this town was in Havana, and he is responsible\\nfor the statement I have made. He begged Miss Barton to go to\\nthe relief of the place, which she promised to do, but God alone\\nknows how much good it will do under the circumstances.\\nA WORSE FAMINE THAN THAT OF ARMENIA\\nMiss Barton says that this is a worse famine than that of Arme-\\nnia or India. In India famine came because of crop failures, and\\nin Armenia as the result of religious fanaticism, but here in Cuba\\nis a famine of cold calculation, with fertile land on every side,\\nready to produce abundant food in response to the demand of\\nhuman labor.\\nThat labor has been withheld, in accordance with the programme\\nlaid down by a heartless military ruler, and now the lands are\\nuncultivated and the people starving.\\nNEARLY HALF A MILLION DEAD FROM STARVATION.\\nThe number of people who have been starved in Cuba will\\nnever be definitely known. It is estimated that 800,000 were\\ndriven from their homes into the cities and towns. I had it from\\nSpanish authority that according to their figures 225,000 have\\nalready perished; but it is said that the Hed Cross Society is in\\npossession of figures showing that 425,000 Cubans have died as a\\nresult of Spanish cruelty from starvation, and that 200,000 more\\nmust inevitably die, making an aggregate of 625,000, or almost\\ntwice the population of the District of Columbia or the State of\\nNew Hampshire. Dr. Lesser, an authority on the results of fam-\\nine, who is on the ground, says that of the 175,000 not taken into\\nthe account above at least 5 per cent of them will die, making a\\ngrand total of 634,000 deaths of men, women, and children as the\\nresult of Weyler s inhuman and barbarous decree.\\nWhat a picture is that 80 miles from our shores! And yet this\\ngreat nation folds its arms and officially asks, Am I my brother s\\nkeeper?\\nThank Heaven, the Government of France did not reason that\\nway when Lafayette stood side by side with Washington and\\nStark and Mad Anthony Wayne when our forefathers were fight-\\ning for human freedom and independence!\\nIt may be that the G-overnment of Spain and the cities of Ha-\\nvana and Matanzas are doing something to relieve this terrible\\nsuffering, but if so, I did not see any evidences of it. The hope of\\nthe poor remaining sufferers is in this great Government, and,\\nHeaven be thanked, our people are reaching out the hand of sym-\\npathy and affectionate interest in the shape of food, medicine, and\\nclothing!\\nWHAT OP THE MAINE?\\nI have been asked many times, What of the Maine?\\nI do not know.\\nThis, however, I do know: A nation that will deliberately starve\\n400,000 of its own people will do pretty much anything. [Applause\\nin the galleries.]\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "11\\nIf the ship was blown up from the outside, what should our Gov-\\nernment do?\\nPerhaps I should forbear to discuss that question now, but this\\nI will venture to say: Human life, purposely taken, can not be paid\\nfor in gold or silver. [Applause in the galleries.] Mark my\\nwords, purposely taken. And if it shall appear that such was\\nthe fate of 250 brave American sailors, then Heaven pity the\\nguilty parties. It will not be a question for arbitration, but a\\nquestion involving the dignity and honor of this great Republic.\\nA JINGO.\\nOf course for these words I will be called a jingo, whatever that\\nmay mean, but, as I have said on former occasions I now repeat,\\nI would infinitely rather be a jingo than a Tory: I would infinitely\\nrather stand here as the defender of human rights than as the\\napologist of cruelty and oppression. A vigorous foreign policy\\nis necessary to the strength and dignity of any nation, and it is\\nthe best possible assurance of peace that can be given.\\nCUBAN SYMPATHIZERS EVERYWHERE.\\nThere is little real loyalty to Spain in Cuba, as will be demon-\\nstrated when the hour of trial comes. Cuban sympathizers are\\nfound everywhere. On the cars between Havana and Matanzas\\na prominent business man of the latter city openly expressed his\\ndeep sympathy for Cuba, and drawing from his pocket a little\\npackage asked me if I would not like a picture of Gomez, the\\ngrand and intrepid leader of the Cuban army. The picture is\\nhere a treasure with which I would not lightly part.\\nI do not believe that Spain can subdue the insurgents.\\nAlready the war has cost Spain the lives of at least 100,000\\nsoldiers and a vast amount of treasure, and the approaching rainy\\nseason will decimate the Spanish ranks at a fearful rate.\\nThe Cubans have been oppressed so long that they prefer death\\nto continued Spanish rule; and why should they not?\\nEFFECTS OF SPANISH RULE.\\nMr. President, has this Senate any idea what Spanish rule in\\nCuba really means?\\nLet us look at the matter of taxation.\\nI was told by reliable persons in Havana that, in addition to all\\ndirect and indirect taxes on real estate, there is a tax on every\\ndoor, every window, and every chimney in every house.\\nThere is a tax on every letter in every business sign.\\n-There is a tax on every name on every hotel register. It is an\\nedifying sight, Mr. President, to open the register of any hotel in\\nHavana and, glancing down the page, to find a tax stamp opposite\\neach signature.\\nLicenses are required to build houses and to paint houses.\\nThere is a tax on food animals as a whole, and also special taxes\\non the horns, the hoofs, and the hide.\\nIn addition to all this the interest on the debt is a tremendous\\nburden, the salaries of Spanish officials are beyond all reason, and\\nthe amount of money wrung from the Cubans to keep the Madrid\\nGovernment from complete insolvency is simply enormous.\\nWhat would we think of such a Government as that?\\nNo people on the face of the earth have been so oppressed, the\\ntreasury of Spain being literally supplied from the revenues ex-\\ntorted from Cuba and the Philippine Islands.\\nMr. President, as far as I know no one in this country desires\\nwar with Spain, but the people of this country have come to the\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "12\\nconclusion that the time has come for Spain to retire from the\\nWestern Hemisphere. [Applause in the galleries.] She has by\\nmisgovernment and cruelty forfeited every claim upon the Gem\\nof the Antilles, and in the interests of a common humanity this\\ncountry should intervene and stop the war.\\nSPAIN S POSSESSIONS.\\nIt will be remembered that one hundred years ago Spain owned\\na large part of what is now the United States, all of Mexico, most\\nof Central and South America, and many of the West India Islands.\\nWithin a hundred years, as the result of misgovernment and\\nmisrule, she has lost all of her territory on the Western Hemi-\\nsphere except the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, and if anyone\\ncan tell me why she should be allowed to longer retain control of\\nCuba, the information will be gratefully received. I certainly\\nknow of no reason.\\nI may be wrong, but it seems to me that it is a reproach to the\\ncivilization of the age that a bankrupt and corrupt Government\\nlike Spain should be permitted to hold in bondage on this conti-\\nnent a people who have aspirations for the same liberty that we\\nenjoy.\\nOur forefathers went to war because the mother country put a\\ntax on tea.\\nCuba has ten thousand more reasons than we had for rebellion,\\nand she deserves the sympathy and help of every true American.\\nA MATTER OF HISTORY.\\nIf I have read history correctly, not since the downfall of the\\nRoman Empire has there been such a story of the rise to great-\\nness and the fall to helplessness of a great power as in this in-\\nstance of Spain. It is one of the striking coincidences of history\\nthat Spain to-day, finding herself menaced with the loss of her\\nlast American possessions through a conflict with the great Amer-\\nican Republic, dates the beginning of her power from the year\\n1492, in which year the discovery of Columbus led to the ulti-\\nmate establishment of the United States.\\nThe year which gave the Western Hemisphere to Spain wit-\\nnessed the expulsion of the Moors from Grenada and made all\\nthe Spanish possessions one united country. Her first King, Fer-\\ndinand of Aragon, whose marriage with Isabella of Castile in 1469\\nmarked the beginning of a real Spanish Kingdom, was also the last\\nSpanish King, for at his death, in 1516, the succession passed into\\nthe lines of the Hapsburgs, with sad and melancholy consequences\\nfor the civilized world.\\nDuring the four hundred years of Spain s rise and fall her inva-\\nriable record has been one of cruelty, of persecution, of bigotry, of\\nhostility to every sentiment of human freedom, common justice,\\nand enlightment. The slavery to which she doomed her subjects\\nin the Western Hemisphere was not more cruel than her oppres-\\nsion of Holland or her tyranny over her own people at home. The\\nbigotry, the fanaticism, the intolerance, and the gloomy supersti-\\ntion of her tone of mind are unrelieved by one single gleam of\\nrecognition of human rights, just as the disgraceful record of her\\ndecay and downfall is unrelieved by one single triumph of genius\\nin statesmanship or of prowess in battle against an armed enemy.\\nOne after another Spain s possessions have fallen away, like\\nbricks from a moldering wall, until to-day she stands alone, bank-\\nrupt in resources, but still clinging to that policy of cruelty, of\\noppression and extermination, which has been her only known\\nS1C2", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "13\\nmethod of dealing for four hundred years, until finally forced to\\nconfront the Republic of freedom, of equality, of justice, of hu-\\nmanity, of civilization.\\nMr. President, it is not accident or chance which has brought\\nabout the present situation. It is inexorable destiny, which de-\\ncrees that the last of Spain s ill-gotten possessions in this hemis-\\nphere will be lifted to freedom by the one Republic which represents\\neverything that Spain has antagonized during her whole history.\\nFortunately the people of this great Republic are thoroughly\\naroused to the situation, and the great heart of the American pop-\\nulace is in full sympathy with Cuba.\\nReligion and humanity alike demand that this unholy war shall\\ncease, and cease it should, even though the glitter and glamour of\\nmilitary rule shall end and a decaying and dissolute throne shall\\npass away never to return.\\nTHE REMEDY.\\nMr. President, I am asked what I would have done.\\nThe question is one demanding an honest and careful answer.\\nThe Senator from Vermont closed his speech by a declaration\\nthat he does not favor annexation; but for myself, looking to the\\ndemands of advancing civilization and the future peace and pros-\\nperity of the island, I am of opinion that sooner or later this great\\nGovernment will of necessity absorb Cuba. And if it is to come,\\nwhy not now?\\nIt is argued that we do not want territory peopled by a race dif-\\nferent in nationality and habits of life from our own. Is it for-\\ngotten that when we absorbed California, Florida, and Texas that\\nsame problem confronted our Government? The problem was\\nsoon solved, and who dares now say that California, Florida, and\\nTexas are less American than Massachusetts, Virginia, and New\\nYork? Ours is a great country, of marvelous resources and in-\\nfinite possibilities. We are once more a united people, and it is\\nutterly idle to say that we can not successfully govern an island\\nthat is practically a part of our own territory. To doubt our\\nability to do that is a reflection upon the strength of republican\\ninstitutions that I do not share.\\nBut, Mr. President, if annexation can not be accomplished, let\\nCuban independence speedily come. American interests in Cuba\\nhave already suffered enough. We have patrolled our coast in\\nthe interest of Spain as long as we should, and we have spent\\nquite too much money in protecting our people from epidemic\\ndiseases coming to our shores because of the unsanitary condition\\nof the harbor and city of Havana. Spain has failed to meet the\\nrequirements of an age of advanced civilization. Let the United\\nStates or Cuba take up the problem and solve it. The vigor\\nshown by our early statesmen in dealing with Spain in relation to\\nthe acquisition of Florida is a precedent that may well be invoked\\nin this crisis, for no one now hesitates to commend the action of\\nMonroe and Adams in dealing with that problem.\\nMr. President, for Cuba the present is dark and foreboding, but\\nwe must not forget that God reigns, and that the mighty sweep\\nof human progress will not rest until oppression and cruelty are\\novercome, and the aspirations and hopes of all people struggling\\nfor better conditions and a higher life are realized. Poor Cuba!\\nCrushed and bleeding, I commend her to the great heart of the\\nAmerican people. [Applause in the galleries.]\\n3162", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n015 999 901 4", "height": "3544", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "cubalandofstarva00gall_0018.jp2"}}