{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3404", "width": "2691", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nI II I I II II\\n010 457 380\\nHolUnger\\npH 8 5\\nMill Run F03-2193", "height": "3639", "width": "2647", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "e 713\\n.S84\\nCopy 1\\nV\\nL^ C^xs-\u00c2\u00a3 Si 7\\nw\\n,^^/t\\nEXPANSION. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT, AND EQUAL\\nTAXATION, THE AMERICAN POLICY.\\nSPEKCH\\nHON. WM. M. STEWART.\\nOF NEVADA,\\nSENATE OF THE UNITED STATES,\\nFRIDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1900.\\nWASHINGTON\\nI900.\\ni", "height": "3202", "width": "2194", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "STEECH\\nOF\\nHON. WILLIAM M. STEWART.\\nThe Senate having under consideration the joint resolution (S. R. 45)\\ndeclaring the purpose of the United States with reference to the Philippine\\nIslands-\\nMr. STEWART said:\\nMr. PRESIDENT: No amount of fault-finding, protesting, or re-\\nmonstrating will prevent the fulfillment of the manifest destiny of\\nthe United States. On the 11th of January. 1871, a resolution was\\npending in the Senate to appoint a commission to go to San Do-\\nmingo and examine the condition of the country and the people\\nand report as to the advisability of ratifying the treaty of annexa-\\ntion. In discussing that resolution I said:\\nI believe that it is a part of the destiny of this country, whether for good\\nor evil, to annex more territory. I do not believe in the power of any\\nman. or of any sel of men, or of any party, to prevent the accomplish men t of\\nthai destiny. While this Republic grows it must expand.it must increase;\\n11 mnsl extend its territory asitswealth and power increase. That has been\\nfcory of every country while it was attaining its destiny. History does\\nnot furnish us an example of any nation that has risen to power and promi-\\nnence which has aot during its growth expanded. It is one of the elements\\nof growth for a nation to expand as much as it is the element of growth in\\nthe oak, which, as it grows, must have room to extend its trunk and multiply\\nLte branches. -CotigresHondl Olobe, Forty-first Congress, third session, Part\\nI, page 427.\\nSubsequent events have strengthened me in the views I then\\nezpre d.\\nWhile it is true that the opposition to President Grant s Admin-\\nistration mustered over one-third of the votes of the Senate, and\\ndefeated the treaty, the parties who engaged in the defeat were\\noverwhelmed at the next election. Their desperate effort to defeat\\nI p-ident frant sre taction, by a combination with the Democrats\\nto elect Mr. Greeley President, illustrates the unp opularity of that\\npartisan attempt to limit the growth of the Republic.\\n2 4071", "height": "3260", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "TI E LOUISIANA I l ld II W_\\nWhatever of despotism, imperialism, or disregard of the consent\\nof the governed there maybe in the acquisition of the Philippines\\nor any other territory which may add to the wealth and power of\\nthe country and furnish new and greater opportunities for our\\nprogressive and enterprising youth, the principle of such acquisi-\\ntion is Jeffersonian Democracy. When the author of the Declara-\\ntion of Independence doubled the area of the United States, Loui-\\nsiana alone contained a population of over 49,0 ii), with an organized\\nand established government, while the vast territory included in\\nthe purchase outside of Louisiana contained hundreds of thousands\\nof Indians equally entitled to consideration with the savages in\\nthe interior of many of the islands of the Philippines. It never\\noccurred to Mr. Jefferson that it was necessary for him to consult\\nthe people of Louisiana or the Indian tribes of the West before he\\nmade that vast area a part of the United States.\\nThe government established for Louisiana by Jefferson has fur-\\nnished the model for every Territorial government which the\\nUnited States has since established, and the denunciation, fore-\\nbodings, and warnings against what was termed imperialism and\\ndisregard of human rights which the Louisiana purchase inspired\\nhave also furnished a model for all subsequent denunciations\\nwhenever new territory has been acquired. There was nothing\\nnew in the ravings of the Whig party againsl the acquisition of\\nCalifornia and New Mexico which had not been said against the\\nLouisiana pun base. Polk was abused during his term of office\\nwith equally as much vehemence and acrimony for the annexa-\\ntion of New Mexico and California as Jefferson was for the\\nLouisiana purchase.\\nThe parallel did not stop there. The policy of the Federalists\\nwho opposed the Louisiana purchase destroyed that party, and it\\nnever again elected a President of the United States: but it se-\\ncured the supremacy of the Democratic party for more than\\ntwenty years. The election of John Quincy Adams by the House\\nof Representatives in 1835 was the first break in Democratic power\\nafter the narrow, anti-expansion policy of the Federal party was\\nadopted.\\n4071", "height": "3182", "width": "2106", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "THE ACQUISITION FROM MEXICO.\\nThe Democratic party again came into power under Jackson\\nin 1829, and continued in power under Jackson and Van Buren\\nuntil 1841. So strong was the prejudice against the name of Fed-\\neralist on account of its narrow and illiberal policy that a new\\nname was adopted by Henry Clay and his associates, who were\\nopposed to Jackson s Administration. They called their new or-\\nganization the Whig party, and achieved power in the memorable\\ncontest of 1840 on account of the financial crash of 1837, which\\nwas attributed to the Democratic party.\\nWilliam Henry Harrison was elected President, and on his\\ndeath, a short time after his inauguration, Tyler became President.\\nIn 1844 Polk of Tennessee was elected President. Whatever may\\nhave been the merits or demerits of the Administration of Presi-\\ndent Polk, the acquisition of Texas, California, Nevada, Utah.\\nNew Mexico, Arizona, and part of Colorado attest the wisdom of\\nits policy. The abuse against Polk s Administration by the\\nleaders of the Whig party equaled, if it did not surpass, the\\nefforts of the Federal party in the beginning of the century to\\ndestroy Jefferson for his alleged disregard of justice, humanity,\\n;md the rights of sovereign States of the East.\\nThe disappointed ambition of the great leaders of the Whig\\nparty, on account of the disapproval of the people, embittered the\\nlast days of the great men of that party, whose brilliant oratory\\nand matchless logic adorn the history of their time. No matter\\nhow brilliant or influential they were, they could not withstand\\nthe irresistible aspirations of the American people to expand, pro-\\ngress, and achieve.\\nTHE ISLANDS ACQUIRED FROM SPAIN.\\nThe acquisition of the Philippines and other lands from Spain,\\nin a war waged for humanity and against the cruelties of a bar-\\nbarous and decaying monarchy, is one of the most important\\nadditions to the territory of the United States since the adoption\\nof the Constitution. The islands we have secured are essential to\\nour financial independence. The people of the United States pay\\nannually more than $350,000,000 to foreigners for tropical and semi-\\ntit \u00c2\u00bbpical commodities. The United States can never be thoroughly\\n4071", "height": "3176", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "self-sustaining until the people can produce what they consume.\\nThe Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba would mitigate to some\\nextent the evils of the gold-standard folly.\\nWith the acquisition of these islands everything consumed in\\nthis country might be supplied from our own natural resources.\\nSuch acquisition would enable us to enter upon the inevitable\\nstruggle for the commodity gold on equal terms with other\\ncountries. It might do more. It might give us some advantages\\nwhich no other country would enjoy. The ^old-gambling law\\nunder which we must live until we can break the chains of finan-\\ncial bondage with which the gold syndicate has bound us will\\ncompel the United States to buy the fluctuating commodity gold\\nat any cost. If we can not supply ourselves with tropical and\\nsemitropical products in our own country, we must buy them of\\nforeigners, who will demand gold in exchange. If we must pay\\n$250, ,000 in gold to foreigners for commodities which wecould\\nproduce with the acquisition of these islands, such acquisition is\\nmost important.\\nWith the islands, the contest to save this country from impover-\\nishment which must necessarily follow the contraction of the\\nvolume of the circulating medium to gold alone, will be sufficiently\\nsevere, but without them the struggle may become hopeless. Bui\\nif we can produce everything we consume and the Secretary of\\nthe Treasury will be merciful and col load us too heavily with\\nforeign tk ht by the sale of bonds, we may Buffer less for the fetich\\nfolly of the gold standard than other nations who bow down before\\nthis false god. We must be prepared to contend with the world\\nat large for gold, because the ruling money syndicate will not al-\\nlowthe United States to stamp its legal-tender authority upon any\\nother commodity. This struggle for gold upon which to stamp\\nthe law of legal tender, if the gold syndicate remains in power,\\nwill be a contest among the nations for the survival of the fittest.\\nThere is some hope that with the additions of these islands to our\\nvast national resources, coupled with the skill and enterprise of\\nour people, the evil day of serfdom may be postponed for a\\ntime, although the shadow of feudalism already visible in the Old\\nWorld may in the near future become total darkness.\\n4071", "height": "3130", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "OPPORTUNITIES AFFORDED BY NEW POSSESSIONS.\\nThe prognostications of evil arising from the annexation of\\nterritory so often repeated ought not to deprive the people of the\\nUnited States of the opportunities held out to them by our new\\nacquisitions. Why should not the present generation enjoy op-\\nportunities similar to those furnished our fathers by the acquisi-\\ntion of Louisiana, Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and California?\\nWhy should not the wealth, power, and enterprise of the Ameri-\\ncan people be increased and encouraged? May not the acquisi-\\ntion of the islands of the Atlantic and the Pacific wrested from\\nSpain place the United States in the near future foremost as a\\nmanufacturing, commercial, naval, and political power?\\nACQUISITION OF TERRITORY NOT IMPERIALISM.\\nThe suggestion that the acquisition of territory is imperialism\\nis refuted by the fact that neither Jefferson, Monroe, Jackson,\\nPolk, nor any of their associates are regarded as imperialists.\\nThe imperialism they advocated made homes for patriotic, liberty-\\nloving, self-respecting citizens, whose loyalty to the Government\\nof the United States is unsurpassed by the people of any of the\\nthirteen original States.\\nIf to assist the people of the Philippines to establish local self-\\ngovernment after the plan adopted by Jefferson is imperialism,\\nthen Jefferson was the pioneer imperialist of the United States.\\nThe Philippines will never be dependent colonies. They will be\\nallowed to conduct their own affairs with the assistance of such\\nofficers as it may be necessary to appoint to aid them in establish-\\ning local self-government. They will not have a voice in the leg-\\nislative councils of the nation until Congress shall ascertain and\\ndetermine that their admission as States would be desirable. Not-\\nwithstanding the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo promised to make\\nStates of the territories acquired from Mexico, New Mexico is still\\na Territory. The suggestion that we must not trust the future,\\nthat those who come after us will admit the Philippines as\\nStates, whether qualified or not, is an assumption that our system\\nof republican government is a failure and that patriotism will\\nbecome extinct when the seats in this Chamber are filled by our\\nsuccessors.\\n407i", "height": "3171", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PAST FOREBODINGS OF CALAMITIES.\\nNo person occupies a seat here to-day but myself who was a\\nmember of the Senate in the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth. Fortieth,\\nForty-first, and Forty-second Congresses. I was impressed during\\nthat time with the anxiety of many Senators for the future and\\ntheir forebodings of calamities which they contended would nec-\\nessarily follow if the opponents of the Union in the civil war were\\nagain allowed to participate in the government of the country.\\nThey assumed in their arguments that future Congresses could\\nnot be trusted and that the Government was in danger of being\\nutterly subverted. How they misjudged the future let the heroic\\npatriotism and valor of the soldiers from every State in the Union\\nin the late war with Spain and in the far-off Philippines bear wit-\\nness. The patriotism and fidelity to the interests of the whole\\ncountry exhibited in both Houses of Congress by members from\\nthe South as well as from the North prove that a reunited people\\nnow enjoy a more perfect union than ever before. I have faith\\nin my country and in the American people that they can extend a\\nhelping hand to the Filipinos and enable them to peacefully as-\\nsemble and perfect in due time local self-government where life\\nand property will be as secure as it now is in any State of this\\nUnion. I have seen order grow out of confusion in that vast ter-\\nritory acquired from Mexico, until the governments of the fax\\nWest are as efficient in protecting life, liberty, and property 88\\nthe best-governed State of the East.\\ni \\\\n rsiok oi ran urarmmom over new AOQtnsmona\\nNo one pretends that the Filipinos are now fit for si atehood. but\\nI repudiate the suggestion that they are not fit for just such gov-\\nernment as Jefferson extended to the Louisiana purchase and\\nMonroe to the acquisition of Florida. There may not be enough\\nAmericans in that country to organize a State government with-\\nout ongressional or Executive action, as in the case of California;\\nbut if the same Congressional and Executive care that was ex-\\nbendedto all other acquisitions of territory except California is\\nextended to the Philippines, they will progress\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it may be slowly,\\nbut they will progress in working out good government for them-\\nselves and security for life and property, which will bring pros-\\n4071", "height": "3130", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "8\\nperity and progress to them and great commercial and political\\nadvantages to us.\\nThe history of the spread of our institutions over new acquisi-\\ntions is most instructive in dealing with the Filipinos.\\nIn the fall of 1803 President Jefferson appointed Governor Clai-\\nborne, of the Mississippi Territory, and General Wilkinson com-\\nmissioners for receiving possession of the ceded territory from the\\ncommissioner of France, and gave Governor Claiborne a commis-\\nsion authorizing him provisorily to exercise within the ceded ter-\\nritory all the powers with which the Spanish governor-general\\nand intendant were clothed, except that of granting lands.\\nPresident Jefferson took a common-sense view of the situation,\\nand in accordance with the laws of nations administered and\\nenforced the laws, customs, and regulations of the former gov-\\nernment, with such changes only as were necessary to conform to\\nthe new conditions. Congress gave him all the power needed, and\\nfrom time to time passed the necessary laws for the establish-\\nment of complete Territorial governments as fast as they were\\nrequired.\\nHOW CALIFORNIA WAS GOVERNED.\\nThe territorial contractionists, now finding the sentiment of the\\ncountry in favor of expansion, are attempting to hedge by de-\\nclaring that the acquisition of the Philippines is imperialism.\\nThey do not seem to recognize the distinction between extent of\\ncountry and form of government. A country may be very small\\nand its government very despotic, or it may be very large and\\nits government very liberal. Free republican government is\\nthe birthright of the people of the United States, and wherever\\na necessity exists they organize self-government after the model\\nof the free institutions with which they are familiar. They need\\nnot necessarily wait for Congressional action, or even Executive\\nauthority. When Commodore Sloat, at Monterey, in July, 1846,\\nproclaimed California free from Mexican rule, he issued a procla-\\nmation to the people informing them of the change of government\\nand assuring them that their political, civil, and religious rights\\nwould be protected. From that time until the arrival of Brigadier-\\nGeneral Riley, on the 12th of April, 1849, the country was governed\\nby various military officers assuming both military and civil\\nauthority. These military officers caused the Mexican laws, so\\n4071", "height": "3171", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "g\\nfar as they were applicable, to be executed by the persons holding\\nthe local offices and sue h other persons as were elected by the peo-\\nple or appointed by the military authorities to fill vacancies.\\nOn the l2thof April. 1849, Brigadier-General Riley arrived in\\nSan Francisco as military governor, with instructions from the\\nWar Department to administer civil affairs. He was unable to\\nretain his military force because the soldiers left him and went to\\nthe mines, but he proceeded to organize a civil government and\\nordered an election on the 1st of August. 1849, (or delegates toa\\nconstitutional convention to be held on the 1st of September of\\nthat year. The convention met. formed a constitution, and an elec-\\ntion was held in November for members Of the legislature and State\\nofficers. Peter Burnett was elected governor, and a full-fledged\\nState government went into operation on the 1st day of January,\\nI860. The volume containing the legislation of the first session\\nof the legislature, beginning January 1. 1850, will compare favor-\\nably with the system of laws in force in any State in the Union.\\nGwin and Fremont were elected Senators, and on the 9th of\\nSeptember, l^ 11 California was admitted into the Union. Con-\\ngress Legislated very lit tie for the mining regions of the Wea and\\nnofLaWSWere passed for nearly a quarter Of a century disposing\\nof the mineral lands. Here again the American people who oc-\\ncupied the country made their own laws, rule-, and regulations,\\nwhich the courts adopted and enforced, and the reports of the\\nsupreme court of California and the surrounding Territories con-\\ntain a system of common law which grew up among the miners\\nthemselves without any I n -tonal action. n 1866, .iust\\ntwenty years alter the acquisition of the country. Congress pa--.- 1\\nan act legalizing the rules and regulations established by the\\nminers and providing for the issuance of patents on compliance\\nwith the miners laws.\\ntiik rim iimmm\\nThus it will be seen that the American people carry with them\\ntheir institutions wherever they go. The same will be true of the\\nPhilippines. Americans will go tnere and aid the natives in ex-\\necuting their local laws, and all that will be necessary in assisting\\nthe people of the archipelago in maintaining local self- government\\nwill be to appoint a few officers, make a few necessary changes in\\ntheir laws to adapt them to the changed condition, protect them\\n4071", "height": "3130", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "10\\nfrom foreign interference or domestic violence, and they will be-\\ncome useful and law-abiding people. They should also be al-\\nlowed to send Delegates to Congress, not to legislate, but to advise;\\nnot to interfere with the institutions of our country, but to learn\\nour form of government for the benefit of their constituents. The\\nwhole matter is very simple. It will develop and can not be in-\\nterrupted.\\nThe President has acted wisely in selecting an eminent jurist in\\nthe prime of life to assist the natives of the Philippine Islands in\\nestablishing local self-government after the models which our\\ncountry so abundantly furnishes. All liberty-loving people, when\\nthej- attempt to establish a government, look to our country for\\nmodels for their guidance. Constitutions similar to our own\\nhave been adopted in Mexico and in various States of South\\nAmerica. Although the Republics to the south of us frequently\\nfall short of the high standard of legislation and administration\\nprevailing in this country, still they are progressing in the right\\ndirection. The Filipinos themselves already look to the United\\nStates for models for constitutions and laws in their own country,\\nas evidenced by the proclamations and publications which we read\\nin the newspapers.\\nWe want very little legislation for the Philippines. We want\\ntheir leaders to come here and see how we govern ourselves, so as\\nto enable them to do likewise. We wish for the Filipinos peace\\nand good order, and they will have them with very little assistance\\nfrom us. The absurd charge that there is any intention on the\\npart of the Administration or the Republican or the Democratic\\nparty to govern the Philippines or any other territory which we\\nhave acquired or may acquire as colonies by the strong arm of the\\nmilitary power is entirely without foundation. There is no more\\ndoubt that the Philippines, with our assistance, will have good\\ngovernment, and that they will be beneficial to us, than there is\\nthat good government has been secured under the American flag\\nwherever it has floated.\\nBesides, we have assumed the responsibility of establishing civil\\ngovernment in the Philippines for the protection of the lives and\\nproperty of the foreign as well as the American residents there,\\nand to see to it that the relations of the islands with foreign coun-\\ntries are such as the law of nations require.\\n4 ;i", "height": "3171", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "11\\nPROTECTORATE [^COMPATIBLE with FREE INSTITUTION S\\nIn the struggle to suggest something in opposition to the time-\\nhonored methods of treating new acquisitions, some advocate a\\nprotectorate and in the same breath proclaim againstimperialism.\\nThey do not define what they mean by a protectorate\u00e2\u0080\u0094 whether\\nthey mean to govern the islands bya Sromwell or a Warren Basl\\nings, or whether they mean to subject I lis islands to the intrigues\\nand aggressions of foreigners and go to war with all the world to\\nmaintain the rights of the Filipinos to violate the laws of nations.\\nNo protectorate has ever existed which was compatible with free\\ninstitutions or in accord with the principles of our Government.\\nAfter having undertaken to establish law. order, and good gov-\\nernment in the Philippines, we can not abandon them without\\ndisgrace to the United States. If we allow them to set up their\\nown local self-government under our Territorial system, we can\\nguide and prorect them without any danger of foreign complica-\\ntions.\\nWhen the opponents of the acquisition of territory meet a grow-\\ning sentiment of the country in favor of doing our duty toward\\nthe Philippines, as we have in all other cases, they say that the Fili-\\npinos are not as enlightened as the peopleof Massachusetts or Ver-\\nmont, and consequently we must abandon the acquisition, We\\nreply that if such a rule had been adopted with regard to Louisiana,\\nFlorida, Texas. California, or New Mexico, the boundary of oar\\ncountry to-day would be the same as it was when the Constitution\\nwas adopted. It is very doubtful if any acquisition can be m id\\nhereafter if the rule is adopted thai pie of the and t be ac-\\nquired must be equally intelligent with us to become a part of the\\nUnited Mates. I have no doubt that the Filipinos are the moel\\nintelligent pic we have ever annexed, although the barbarians\\nin those islands are numerous, if we expand, we must take the\\nworld as it is and the people as they are. as we have always done.\\nimpost DUTIES on PUERTO iu an PRODI l is ckkgnant with r.vil..\\nI am aware of the suggestion of an impost duty upon the prod-\\nucts of Puerto Rico, which, of course, would be one of the w irst\\nforms of a colonial policy. This suggestion is pregnant with evil.\\nand. if carried out, would furnish substantial groundwork for the\\ncharge of imperialism. It would be too much like the exactions\\n4071", "height": "3130", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "12\\nwhich imperial Rome made upon her conquered provinces, and it\\nmight furnish a parallel to some extent of the imperial policy of\\nmonarcnical countries in recent times. I am glad the President\\nof the United States has not made that mistake. On the contrary,\\nin his last annual message he says:\\nOur plain duty is to abolish all customs tariffs between the United States\\nand Puerto Rico and give her products free access to our markets.\\nThe recommendation of the Secretary of War, contained in his\\nlast annual report, describes in forceful language the injustice of\\nerecting a tariff barrier against the products of Puerto Rico.\\nSince the transfer of the island to the United States Spain has\\nerected such a barrier; and if the United States does likewise, her\\nmarkets will be cut off and the people will be in a deplorable con-\\ndition. I will print as an appendix to my remarks a portion of\\nthe report of the Secretary of War and commend it to the careful\\nconsideration of Congress.\\nPRECEDENTS AGAINST TARIFF ON PRODUCTS FROM NEW ACQUISITIONS.\\nI am glad the President in his recommendation and the Secre-\\ntary of War in his report are governed by the established policy\\nof the United States in treating with the people of newly acquired\\nterritory. Their recommendations are in harmony with the fol-\\nlowing precedents:\\nOn the 25th of November, 1803, and contemporaneously with\\ntaking possession of the Louisiana purchase, Congress passed an\\nact removing restrictions of trade between the United States and\\nthe Territory of Orleans, thereby fully recognizing the new terri-\\ntory as a part of the United States entitled to the privileges of\\nAmerican customs and revenue laws.\\nOn the ?th of May, 1822, the customs laws of the United States\\nwere extended over Florida.\\nThe military officers governing California, previous to the pas-\\nsage of any law of Congress, enforced the customs laws of the\\nUnited States and collected over $600,000 of duties on imports\\nfrom foreign countries, and when Congress acted the customs\\nlaws of the United States were extended to all the territory ob-\\ntained from Mexico.\\nIt was never before suggested that any territory acquired by\\nthe United States should be treated as alien territory by imposing\\n4071", "height": "3171", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "L3\\na customs duty on Imports Into the United States. T am glad to\\nkiiMW that the Presidenl of the United Stat. folly realizes the\\ninjustice of an attempt to treal any territory which we claim as\\nour own as a foreign country. His a.u Lee againsl a duty on im-\\nports from Puerto Rico nausi i followed if we hop.- to have pea\\nami prosperity there with Its accruing benefits to the United States.\\nTii. colonial policy of greed, with discriminating duties againsl\\nthe products of our own territory, would I itisfaction\\nand discord. It might lead t militarism. It might requires\\nlarge army to maintain order and force the people of the colonies\\nto submit to such unjust and discrimins [tmightdo\\nmore. It might involve vast expenditures to maintain an.\\noccupation, which would btfdangeroustothesafetyoftheRepublia\\nIf V treat F Woo as we tre I Louisiana, Florida\\nCalifornia, the that island will learn to Ameri-\\ncan tlau r and will Boon be loyal Americans In tead of a Bnllen and\\n.,,,\u00e2\u0080\u00a2,.1 people, Buffering from discriminating laws. The\\nmutual advanta i tinning the established American policy\\nin the treatment oi Pnerl rill be very great [twill not\\nonly secure the friend hip and loyalty of thai island, but it will\\nfurnish an example which will be most beneficial in our d i\\nwith Cuba The great prosperity which Puerto Rico will\\nwill be an irresistible argument with Cuba in favor oi joining\\nher fortunes with I Republic.\\nOur relations wil momalqus. Wehavenopreei\\nfor such responsibi untry,\\n,,f all other territories which the United\\nquired and afford as an opportunity to furnish a:.\\nthe i pie ot Cuba.\\nvi R I Il\u00c2\u00bb 181 U\\nThe discussion of thecoi\\nn with these islands la onprofitabl 1 doubt that\\nCongress has power to rob the territorii osand ws\\nrender the people of our new acquisitions\\nthey were under the horrible Bystem of Spanish extortion which\\nwe undertook to abolish. There is no doubt that the people of\\n4071", "height": "3130", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "14\\nthe United States could amend the Constitution and reestablish\\nslavery if they were wicked enough to do so. It would be just as\\nprofitable to discuss whether the people could, if they would, es-\\ntablish a monarchy in this country as it is to discuss the question\\nwhether Congress has the constitutional power to discriminate\\nagainst the people of the new acquisitions by unequal revenue\\nlaws or any other system of extortion which greed may suggest.\\nBut it is necessary for those who support and defend the con-\\ntinued possession of the vast acquisitions of territory which we\\nhave acquired from Spain to adhere to the Jeffersonian policy in\\nour treatment of the people of these islands. Departure from that\\npolicy opens a wide field of discussion. While the opponents of\\nannexation may give aid and comfort to Aguinaldo and his follow-\\ners by their unpatriotic and intemperate ravings against the war\\nnow prosecuted at great cost and sacrifice of the lives of our brave\\nsoldiers, it is the plain duty of Jeffersonian expansionists to main-\\ntain our established policy in our treatment of the people inhabit-\\ning the new acquisitions. The country has a right to know that\\nno imperialism or militarism is intended; that the people of the\\nislands will be treated in the same manner that the people of\\nLouisiana. Florida, and California were treated, and that no army\\nwill be necessary to make them submit to the local governments\\nwhich we will assist in ordaining and establishing. It may be\\nthat there are savages in those islands, as in the case of every other\\nacquisition, that will require military force to keep in subjection,\\nbut the millions of people who occupy those islands who are not\\nsavages will furnish no excuse for militarism or imperialism.\\nTEACHINGS OF THE FATHERS FOLLOWED KY THE PRESIDENT.\\nWhatever mistakes may have been made in dealing with the\\nFilipinos or in failing to fully acquaint them with the policy of\\nour Government, the President s message recommending equal\\nlaws for Puerto Rico and the appointment of Judge Taft to com-\\nmence the work of instructing and aiding the Filipinos to estab-\\nlish and maintain local self-government indicate very clearly that\\nthe President has no idea of departing from the teachings of the\\nfathers or establishing an empire on the ruins of the Republic.\\nIt will be impossible for the opponents of progress to impress upon\\nthe minds of the people that the size of a country has anything to\\n4071", "height": "3171", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "15\\nflo with the form of government If repnblioi can only exist in\\nsmall territories, the United Btatee passed that limit ninety-seven\\nTeam ago, when the Louisiana purchase was made. The truth is.\\nthat when tlif situation isnnderstoodand the value of these acqui-\\nsitions realized, the people oi the United Btatee wfll be as unwill-\\ning to give up an inch of territory in the Philippine [slandsssthey\\nare now to Rive up any part ol Alaska. The United BtatM would\\ngo to war with Great Britain and take the consequenoea rather\\nthan to have 10 miles square of Alaska taken from ns, notwith-\\nstanding that when thai country was acquire. 1 it was supposed to\\nbe nothing but an iceberg.\\nI hope thegrea* financial issue, upon which the happiness of the\\nhuman race depend.;, will not be buried beneath the rubbish of\\nanti expansion and fault-finding, as it was formally year- beneath\\nthe tariff controversy, but thai it will be kept before the] pie\\nuntil the fetich worshipers of gold understand the money question\\nas well as the descendants of the devotees of the Mat-world theory\\nnow understand that the world is round.\\nAPPENDIX.\\n[From th,- report of li Becretery of War for 189\\nThe question of tta onomlo treatment of the Island underlies nil the\\nthe] pie ere p rosp er o u s end here en ehondani f thei\\nthey will with Jnettoe l seOy governed, end will with i\\nLyedacated. If they ere toft In hunger end bopetosa poverty, tl\\nnted, intrectabto, end mutinous The princtpel dittoolty\\nLand of Puerto Rico Is thet the transfer of the Island from Bpeln to the\\nUnit. -,i Btatee has not resulted In an Incn erity.but In the r\\nThe industry of the Island is almost entirely agrioalturel The i pie live\\nupon the producta of their own eof) and upon the article for whicb they ex-\\nchange their surplus produots abroad Th. dr produetkn is In the main\\nThe prosperlt] the Island depends upon their\\nsu v.- In selling I heee pro\\nSol and wee a pert of the Spanish poes e s slons thai\\nBtantlally tree trade with Bpeln and with Cuba The I\\ntor the four yean pr anedfng 1887 averaged about\\nwhich an average of lees than one-sixth part (|S iseoldtothel\\nand an average of one-hall I ilnand Cuba\\nImmediately upon the I aid from Spain to the Unite\\nSpain iriff barrier against the introduction of Puerto Ki \u00c2\u00bbn prod-\\nacts, The interests of taban agriculture led to the erection of a similar Wr-\\nrier in the tariff ado]. tod forOuhs waadebarTed from\\nthe principal markets which the had previously enjoyed, and at the same\\ntime this country has maintained it- tariff against Puerto Bican products\\njust as it existed whilf the island wea Spanish territory. Th.\\nthere has been a wall built around the industry of 1\\nEven before the hurricane of August 8, MB, twocropsof tobacco lay in the\\nwarehouses of Pnerto Rico, which the owners wereuaable to sell at prioea\\n4071", "height": "3130", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "LibKHKY Uh LUNbKtbb\\nMM I\\n010 457 380\\n16\\nequal to the cost of production. Their sugar shared the prevailing depres-\\nsion in that commodity, arising from the competition of bounty-fed beet\\nsugar. Their coffee was practically unknown in the V nited States and had no\\nmarket here. It is plain that it is essential to the prosperity of the island\\nthat she should receive substantially the same treatment at our hands as she\\nreceived from Spain while a Spanish colony, and that the markets of the\\nUnited States should be opened to her as were the markets of Spain and Cuba\\nbefore the transfer of allegiance. Congress has the legal right to regulate\\nthe customs duties between the United States and Puerto Rico as it pleases;\\nbut the highest considerations of justice and good faith demand that we\\nshould not disappoint the confident expectation of sharing in our prosperity\\nwith which the people of Puerto Rico so gladly transferred their allegiance\\nto the United States, and that we should treat the interests of this people as\\nour own; and I wish most strongly to urge that th customs duties between\\nPuerto Rico and the United States be removed.\\n4071\\no", "height": "3171", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nI Hill ii ill. ii\\n010 457 380", "height": "3130", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "IBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n010 457 380", "height": "3171", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "expansionlocalse00stew_0020.jp2"}}