{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "1929", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3091", "width": "1873", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "1823", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "y^^^ic\\nWith the Compliments of the Committee on\\nThe National Centennial Commemoration.\\nONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY\\nINTRODUCTION AND ADOPTION\\nRESOLUTIONS RESPECTING INDEPENDENCY", "height": "3096", "width": "1823", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "lomm itW oTvTHE NATIONAL CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION.\\nPROCEEDINGS\\nONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY\\nOK THE\\nINTRODUCTION AND ADOPTION\\nOF THE\\nRESOLUTIONS RESPECTING INDEPENDENCY.\\nHELD IN PHILADELPHIA\\nD.N THE\\nEvening of June 7, 1876,\\nAT THE\\nPENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS,\\nAND ON\\nJuly I, 1876,\\nAT THi;\\nHALL OF INDEPENDENCE.\\nPH ILADELPH I A:\\nPRINTED FOR THE COMMITTEE.\\nMDCCCLXXVI.", "height": "3096", "width": "1823", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "I\\nxqs\\nPHILADELPHIA:\\nCOLLINS. PRINTER.", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFATORY NOTE.\\nIn the iiiouth of March, 1870, by direction of the President\\nof the United States C entg.nJual_Co mniissi on, an Histo rical\\nDepartment was formed, designed to commemorate and illus-\\ntrate the pre-revolutionary history of the country, by bringing\\ntogether porti aits of Colonial worthies, documents of historical\\ninterest, and personal memorials of the past aud Colonel\\nFrank M. Etting was i-equested to accept the position of Chief.\\nHis fitness for promoting and carrying out this object was\\nmanifest from his successful services iu the restoration of\\nIndependence Hall and the formation of a National Museum.\\nA committee was selected with the approval of the Director-\\nGeneral, and efforts were at once made to gather together, in\\nthe brief time afforded, articles desirable for exhibition iu the\\ndepartment appropriate space having been allotted in the Art\\nBuilding for the purpose. Subsequently, it was found neces-\\nsary, owing to the large influx of foreign pictures, to cancel\\nthe allotment of space to the Historical Department; and\\nthus, at the eleventh hour, the committee found the depart-\\nment at an end, and themselves with a valuable collection on\\ntheir hands, but without a place to exhibit it. In this dilemma,\\napplication was made to the President and Board of Directors\\nof the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, who at once\\nliberally offered a pox tion of their fire-proof building for the\\npurpose and the committee, consisting of Messrs. Frank M.\\nEtting, James L. Claghorn, Francis S. Hoffman, J. Sergeant\\n1", "height": "3096", "width": "1823", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "2 l R E F A T R Y N T E\\nPrice, Frederick J). 8toiie, Charles Henry Hart, Mrs. Amie\\nHopkiuson Foggo, Mrs. Katharine Johnstone Wharton, and\\nMrs. Mary Johnson Brown Chew, organized the historical\\nNational Centennial Commemoration.\\nThe tin)e selected for the opening of the exhibition at the\\nAcademy of the Fine Arts was the 7th of June, the one hun-\\ndredth anniversary of the day on which Richard Henry Lee\\noffered in Congress the Resolution for Independence. C)n the\\nevening of that daj- the invited guests, composed of the most\\neminent of Philadelphia s citizens, and of representatives from\\nthe mother country and from each of the thirteen original\\nStates, assembled in the lecture room of the Academy when,\\nafter a brief introduction by the Chairman of the committee,\\na commemorative historical address was delivered by the Hon.\\nWilliam Wirt Henry, of Virginia. At the conclusion of the\\naddress, the exhibition was declared by the Chairman as for-\\nmally opened, and the guests proceeded to view the collection,\\nwhich occupies the northwest gallery of the building, on the\\nsecond floor.\\nA large portion of the exhibition consists of paintings, and\\nthere is also an interesting collection of relics of historical\\npersonages. The western end of the room is occupied by\\npaintings by American artists, designed to illustrate the his-\\ntory of art in America. It includes works by West, Pratt,\\nSmibert, Copley, Hesselius, Charles Willson Peale, James\\nPeale, Sharpless, Stuart, St. Memiu, Malbone, Sully, Allstou,\\nTheus, Earle, and Pine.\\nThe northern side of the hall is occupied by exhibits de-\\nsigned to illustrate the early history of the settlements at\\nPlymouth and Salem, made respectively by the Pilgrim Asso-\\nciation of Plymouth, and the Essex Institute of Salem. In\\nthe Plymouth collection are exhibited a number of interest-\\ning relics, including a table and platter which belonged to\\nMiles Standish; a model of the vessel Mayflower; a portrait", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "P R E F A T II Y N T E 6\\nof Paul Revere; the barrel of the gun whicli is said to Lave\\nkilled King Philip a chair over 200 years old, which belonged\\nto Governor Treat, of Connecticut and a Bible which belonged\\nto John Alden, who came over in the Mayflower.\\nThe Salem collection embraces portraits of John Endicott\\nand Simon Bradstrcet, the first and last Governor of the\\nColony under the first charter; of Sir Richard Saltonstall, one\\nof the patentees of Massaciiusetts; John Leverett, Governor\\nof Massachusetts; Timotliy Pickering, and others, while above\\nthem are draped the flags of the Colony. In the cases of the\\nEssex Institute are exhibited a number of very interesting\\ndocuments and memorials, including the Royal charter, under\\nthe great seal of England; manuscript record of the witcli-\\ncraft trials, in the liand writing of Rev. Samuel Parris; the\\nChristening robe of Governor Bradstreet, W orn in 1588, and\\nmany others of value.\\nIn the northeastern corner of the room is the collection\\nmade to illustrate the career of Washington, and which in-\\ncludes a number of original portraits by Stuart, Peale, Pine,\\nand other well-known artists. There are also scenes of Mount\\nVernon, and a picture of the room in which Washington died.\\nThe case contains the miniature of Washington worn by Mrs.\\n\\\\\\\\^ashiugton after his death; the profile miniature on copper\\nby the Countess de Brehan the beautiful miniature by James\\nPeale belonging to the Artillery Corps Washington Grays, and\\na number of others. Also, his spectacles, surveying instru-\\nment, silver cuj^ and salver, portions of the dinner china which\\nhe used, and, possibly most interesting of all, a letter from his\\nmother, Mary Washington, written to her brother in 1759, in\\nwhich she speaks of George having left the arm}-. There\\nare but two letters of Mary Washington known to be in ex-\\nistence, and this the only one mentioning George.\\nBenjamin Franklin is represented by an extremely interest-\\ning collection, embracing a number of well-known portraits.", "height": "3096", "width": "1823", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "4 1 R E F A T R Y N T E\\nthe bust by Ceracchi, aiui a painting representing liini wben\\nhe appeared as the representative of the Colonies at the Court\\nof Louis XVI. In the case is tlie original commission he\\nreceived from Congress to represent the Colonies in France,\\ntogether with his Letter of Instructions, each signed by\\nHenry Laurens, President, and attested by Charles Thomson,\\nSecretary also his Air-Pump and Insulating-stool, given by\\nhim to Francis Hopkinson and many other personal memo-\\nrials.\\nMaryland and Virginia are represented by a number of por-\\ntraits of persons who bore an important part in their early\\nhistory. Among these are portraits of Sir Wa,lter Raleigh,\\nPocahontas, Lord Baltimore, Governor Spottiswoode, and Pat-\\nrick Henry. Near by are cases containing a number of curious\\nrelics, including the lines written just before his execution by\\nSir Walter Raleigh, in his own handwriting, and interesting\\nletters from, among others, William Peun, George Fox, Sir\\nJeffrey Amherst, Rev. George Whitefield, Generals Braddock\\nand Wolfe, Baron de Kalb, General Burgoyne, Lord Rawdon,\\nand Admiral Howe.\\nIn another case are exhibited the Strong Box of Robert\\nMorris, with his original appointment as Superintendent of\\nFinance; the silver shoe-buckles worn by Sam. Adams when\\nhe signed the Declaration of Independence the Desk upon\\nwhich Jefferson wrote the original draft of the Declaration\\nthe wine-glasses presented to Hancock by Jolm Wilkes, bear-\\ning the motto Success to Wilkes and Liberty; the specta-\\ncles of Wni. Ellery the watch of Charles Carroll; a miniature\\nof John !N^ixon, who read and pi oclaimed the Declaration of\\nIndependence publicly to the people for the first time Juh 8th,\\n1770, from the Observatorj- in the State House yard; the com-\\nmission of Benedict Arnold; the MS. parole of Major Andrf?\\nwhen a prisoner at Lancaster, Pa., February 23d, 1776,\\ntogether with other souvenirs of tliis unfortunate and inte-", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "P K K F A T O R y N T K 5\\nresting officer, and of many other characters of the Eevolu-\\ntion while, in still another case, are brought together cos-\\ntumes of the last century, household china and glass of the\\nsame period, and the comnuiiiion service presented to Christ\\nProtestant Episcopal Church, riiiladelphia, l v Queen Anne.\\nThe committee for the historical K ational Centennial\\nCommemoi ation, having charged itself with the duty of dis-\\ntinctly marking the historical eijochs leading up to that which\\nthe United States Centennial Commission was formed to cele-\\nbrate, and having commemorated the 7th of June, prepared to\\ncommemorate dul}- the 2d of July, the day on which was\\npassed the Resolution for Independence, the reasons for which\\nwere adopted two days later. As early as the 25th of October,\\n1875, the Committee on the Restoration of Independence Hall\\nhad addressed to the most prominent American authors and\\nhistorical students the following: invitation.\\nTo\\nINDEPENDENCE HALT.\\nPhii.adelphia. October 25, 1875.\\nSir The Committee on the Restoration of Intlepenclence Hall have resolved\\nto invite the presence of American Historians, Biographers, and Literati at\\nthat place on the second day of July, 1876. They de.sire that a Biographical\\nsketch of every individual, whose memory is associated with this Building\\nduring the early days of the Republic, maybe prepared and deposited on that\\nday among the Archives of the National Museum.\\nYou are respectfully requested to be present at Independence Hall on\\nthe day above mentioned, and to bring with you a sketch of the life of\\nor in case of a preference for another subject, to communicate the fact. It is\\ndesired that these sketches should not exceed two pages of foolscap.\\nWith great respect,\\nFRANK M. ETTING,\\nChairmnv of the Committee", "height": "3096", "width": "1823", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "6\\nPREFATORY NOTE.\\nIt was thought appropriate for the two committees to unite\\ntheir efforts, and accordingly it was decided that on the ad-\\njournment of the meeting in Independence Hall, there should\\nbe commemorative exercises in the State House yard; and a\\nprogramme was ari anged, and accomplished speakers invited\\nto make addresses. These proceedings commemorative of the\\n2d of Jul} form the second part of this publication, which is\\ndesigned as a memorial of the Centennial anniversary of the\\nintroduction and passage of Certain Resolutions respecting\\nIndependency.\\nCHARLES HENRY HART.\\nFREDERICK D. STONE,\\nCommittee on Publication.\\nPhiladelphia. October. 187G.\\n-^^i-.-T^- ^is i", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE\\n4t\u00c2\u00abt \u00c2\u00abw\u00c2\u00ab to,,,,,\\n.Anniversary of June yth, lyjd.\\nPROCEEDINGS\\nPENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS, JUNE 7, 1S76.", "height": "3096", "width": "1823", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "1776.\\nJUNE 7.\\n1876.\\nREMARKS OF COL. ETTING.\\nLadies and Gentlemen\\nThe collection of portraits and memorials now about to be\\nopened to the public is designed to supplement the National\\nMuseum in Independence Hall. The Committee on the Re-\\nstoration of Independence Hall and the National Museum\\nBoard, after steadily pursuing our purpose for four years, find\\nourselves cramped for room in the State House. More space\\nhas been promised, but cannot, notwithstanding earnest efforts\\nto that eifect, be had at present. Failing to secure appropriate\\ngalleries at the Centennial Exposition though Memorial Hall\\nhad been erected by the State of Pennsylvania for this specific\\npurpose the Historical Committee applied to the President\\nof this noble Academy, who promptly and cordially gave up\\nadequate apartments. Causes, not now to be detailed, have\\ninduced the withdrawal of some of the States from partici-\\npancy in our commemorative work, but the Pilgrim Hall\\nAssociation and the Essex Institute, of Massachusetts, aided\\nby the individual efforts of the ladies of Baltimore and of\\nPhiladelphia, enable us to otter you a highly interesting and\\ninstructive collection. The intent of the Committee, as you\\nare aware, is to trace the history of the country for nearly\\ntwo hundred years from its first settlement in 1607, and while\\nwe revive every event in the progressive advance of ti ue\\nliberty, we shall be enabled to realize the vitality of the men", "height": "3091", "width": "1798", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "10 THENATIONAL\\nthe Founders of the country in their persons, and thus keep\\nin view as exemplars the principles for which they struggled.\\nAmong the events incumbent upon us to commemorate in\\nthis Centennial season, is that which achieves its one hun-\\ndredth anniversary this day June 7, 1876.\\nThe official record kept by Charles Thomson, and published\\nat the time that tried men s souls, is meagre in the extreme\\nthus, certain resolutions respecting independency being\\nmoved and seconded, etc. But I have before me an auto-\\ngraphic tracing of these resolutions; it is in the handwriting\\nof Richard Henry Lee it reads\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, That these United Colonies arc, and of right ought\\nto be, free and independent States, that they are absolved\\nfrom all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political\\nconnection between them and the State of Great Britain is,\\nand ought to be, totally dissolved.\\nThus was taken the first step in the JSTational Councils\\ntowards the birth of the nation. While we leave each suc-\\ncessive one to be appropriately marked, we seem called ujDon\\nto look at the promptings of tliis, the initiative. We find it\\nwas ordered to be taken by the Colony of Virginia, in Conven-\\ntion, and that, among the members of that Convention, one\\nname stands out in bold relief Patrick Henry. Who, then,\\nso appropriate to recount to you this evening the events of\\nour Centennial as his grandson, a gentleman who, by birth-\\nright, preserves the private papers of Mr. Henry, while he\\nbrings to bear upon the investigation, not only all the energy\\nprompted by filial duty, but the advantages of high legal\\nattainments and experience. He is the namesake (and at the\\nrequest of Mr. Wirt) of Mr. Henry s great biographer.\\nLadies and Gentlemen, I have the pleasure of presenting to\\nyou, as the orator of the evening Mr. William Wirt Henky,\\nof Virginia.", "height": "3096", "width": "1853", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 11\\nADDRESS OF MR. HENRY.\\nLadies and Gentlemen of the Committee, and Fellow-\\nCitizens:\\nPermit me to congratulate you of the Committee on the\\nhappy conception and admirable realization of the design\\nto aid in commemorating the birth of the nation, by illus-\\ntrations of its early history. To be able to look on the\\nnoble faces of the great founders of our republic, preserved\\nby brush and chisel in the hand of genius to handle the\\nfamiliar articles which they used, and which a pious care has\\npreserved as Lares of the household, relics more precious than\\nthe heir-looms of princes, does indeed bring us face to face\\nwith the illustrious dead, and enables us to see, and to touch,\\nas it were, the honored men whose names we have been taught\\nto revere from childhood, the fruits of whose arduous and\\nperilous labors we have inherited, and which it becomes us to\\ntransmit to our posterity, wasted by no prodigal hand. And\\nwhile we gaze on the features of those who have shed such\\nlustre upon our Continent and upon our race, how naturally\\nare we reminded of the noble princiijles which actuated their\\nconduct, and made them of the great men of the world prin-\\nciples which they laid deep as tlie foundations upon which\\nthey built a temple for the goddess of Liberty, and which they\\ncommended to our constant, vigilant care, in those words of\\nsolemn warning, verified in the experience of so many nations:\\nNo free government or tlie blessing of liberty can be pre-\\nserved to any peojile, but b} a firm adherence to justice, mode-\\nration, temperance, frugality, and virtue, and by frequent\\nrecurrence to fundamental principles. Let us honor our\\nfathers, that the days of our freedom may be long in the land\\nwhich the Lord our God hath given us. The day selected for\\nthe opening of this exhibition is peculiarly appropriate, as it", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "12 THENATIONAl,\\nmarks the time when independence was moved in the Con-\\ngress of tlie Colonies, the final throe in the birth of the\\nISTation and I thank you for the honor done me in asking\\nthat I represent on this occasion the State at whose command\\nthe motion was made. If in doing so I should speak mostly\\nof Virginia, it will not be from any intention of doing injus-\\ntice to the other Colonies each of whom has a bright record\\nin the struggle for independence, but because the occasion\\nrequires me to speak more particularly of her.\\nThe action of Virginia, culminating in her motion on the\\n7th of June, 1776, needs no justification at m} bands to-day.\\nMankind have vied in her praises, and Great Britain herself\\nhas learned to honor her; yea, if Ave are permitted to judge of\\nthe councils of the Judge of all the earth, b} tlie blessings\\nwhich have descended, heaven itself has set its seal of appro-\\nbation to her acts.\\nIt is proper, however, as we stand here to-day to commemo-\\nrate her motion, to glance, rapidly it must be, at the events\\nwhich preceded and prompted it. When we look at the first\\nsettlements of Europeans on this continent in the seventeenth\\ncentury, we find that thej were induced by various motives.\\nLed by the love of adventure, of wealth, or of glory, or driven\\nby the lash of persecution, English, Scotch, Irish, Dutch,\\nSwedish, and French contributed to tlie planting of a new\\nnation on the virgin soil of America, which, assimilating its\\ndifferent elements, put forth a new and pecidiar growth, des-\\ntined far to outstrip the stocks from whence it sprang. But,\\nby whatever motives impelled, and liowever diverse in their\\nopinions, their prejudices or their manners, whether Puritans\\nin New England, or Episcopalians in Virginia, Quakers in\\nPennsylvania, or Catholics in Maryland, all united in a com-\\nmon love of liberty, and a determination to try the experiment\\nof self-government on a more liberal plan than had ever been\\nattempted before. The elective franchise, the General Assem-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 13\\nbly, the trial by jury, and the habeas corpus were common\\npossessions and possessed of these great characteristics and\\nsafeguards of liberty, far removed from the power of the\\nmother country, under liberal charters, and stimulated by that\\nspirit of personal iudependeuce peculiar to emigrants to a new\\nand savage land, the Colonics soon developed into communi-\\nties of entei i^rise, of wealth, and of singular attachment to\\nfree institutions communities in which were read the works\\nof John Milton, John Locke, and Algernon Sydney, and\\nwhose citizens held with them that freedom is the native\\nright of man.\\nIt was not long, however, before the wealth of the Colonies\\nattracted the cupidity of the mother couiitrj and one of\\nthe most memorable of the acts of that Parliament which\\nrestored royalty to the British throne, was the passage of a\\nnavigation law which gave a monopoly of their commerce\\nto British merchants. This act, frequently amended only to\\nbe made more odious, was submitted to by the Colonies as an\\nexercise of the power of Great Britain to regulate trade, and\\nnot until 1760, when it was determined to break up the con-\\nstant evasion of the detested law by general warrants, author-\\nizing search and apprehension at tlie discretion of the officers\\nholding them, did the dangerous power exercised by the mo-\\nther country become the subject of discussion and alarm. In\\nresisting the issuing of these Writs of Assistance, so repug-\\nnant to the British constitution, James Otis, of Massachusetts,\\nthe most brilliant of her orators, electrified his Colony. In\\nhis audience there sat a young man, his ecpial in genius if not\\nin oratory, whose soul was filled with delight at the crreat\\ndoctrines of natural and of English freedom which the orator\\nproclaimed and who, at once throwing his whole soul into\\nthe struggle for constitutional liberty, himself with matchless\\neloquence stood forth afterwards a most distinguished cham-\\npion of American rights. Happy Massachusetts I Happy", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "14 THENATIONAL\\nAmerica I The electric spark emitted by the genius of James\\nOtis kindled the genius of John Adams.\\nBut the rai^acity of Great Britain did not stoji at laws by\\nwhich her merchants and ship-owners might grow ricli at\\nthe expense of her Colonies. Her treasury, exhausted by\\nwar, must needs be replenished, and the taxation of America\\nwas determined on. Liberal charters stood in the way, and\\nthese it was planned to recall, and to substitute in their\\nstead one uniform, arbitrary system of government. To im-\\npose a direct tax at first was deemed too bold a measure, and\\nthe expedient was devised of a stamp act, which executing\\nitself, and bearing but lightly in its collection, it was fondly\\nhoped would arouse no opposition to its enforcement. On the\\n9th of March, 1764, therefore, George Grenville, Chancellor of\\nthe Exchequer, in unfolding the budget in Parliament gave\\nnotice that at the next session a bill would be introduced\\nimposing stamp duties in America. The intelligence of this\\nintention produced the jirofoundest sensation throughout tlio\\nColonies. The right to say through their own representatives\\nwhat taxes they should bear, was one fundamental to the\\nBritish constitution, and secured to them- by their charters,\\nand they could not admit that the British Parliament repre-\\nsented them who had no voice in the selection of its members,\\nand who had their own Assemblies vested with the power of\\ntaxation. The voice of Boston was first heard in her instruc-\\ntions to her delegates in the Colonial Assembly, prepai-ed by\\nSamuel Adams, aptly styled the Palinurus of the Revolution.\\nThese were followed by the uol)lo argument of James Otis, in\\nhis jiamphlet entitled The Rights of the British Colonies\\nAsserted and Proved. The alarm sounded in Massachusetts\\nwas taken up in the otheu Colonies, and petitions and remon-\\nstrances against the proposed act wore forwarded b}- the\\nAssemblies of Massachusetts, Connecticut, i!^ew York, Penn-\\nsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia. Tlieir remonstrances", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 15\\nproved vaiu. But few voices opposed the act on its passage\\nill the House of Comuions none in the House of Lords and\\non the 22d of Marcli, 1765, the King, hereft of his reason,\\ngave his assent, through a commission. Had Parliament as\\nwell as the King heen afflicted with insanity, no grcatei- mis-\\ntake could have been committed. The news of the passage of\\nthe act produced the most widespread consternation in the\\nColonies. Their views of their rights were unchanged, but it\\nwas one thing to remonstrate against a proposed act, and\\nquite another to resist a law. The first was the right of eveiy\\nBritish subject the last was rebellion. A sullen submission\\nwas all that could be expected was all that could be yielded\\nbut submission was deemed inevitable in every quarter.\\nThe time was short when the dreaded law must take eftcct,\\nand all they contended for seemed about to be lost, :ind if once\\nlost, lost forever for the principle once yielded could never\\nbe reclaimed. Despondency spread her black wings over the\\nland, brooding despair, and the sorrows of death compassed\\nthe patriot cause.\\nFear at its heart, as at a cup,\\nIts life-blood seemed to sip.\\nEven the eloquent tongue of Otis, the great champion of\\nAmerican liberty, faltered and admitting Britain s right of\\ntaxation, he deplored resistance, and thus giive up the great\\nissue. All the hope he had was that a united, loyal petition\\nmight move the compassion of that Sovereign whose ear had\\nbeen found deaf to the demands of justice.\\nBut the Divinity that shapes our ends had ordered other-\\nwise. God had not left Israel without a prophet. Suddenly\\nVirginia was heard denouncing the law as yoid and destruc-\\ntive to British and American liberty speaking now, for\\nthe first time, through one whose trumpet tones echoed and\\nre-echoed throughout America, where\\nEvery mountain now batli tuund a tongue", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "16 TIIENATIONAL\\narousiiio; the patriot cause from its death-like torpor, and re-\\nverberating in the very palace of the British King, warning\\nhim that an outraged people liad once dragged a tyrant from\\nthat palace to the bloody block. It was the voice of her\\nHenry, the forost-born nemosthenes,\\nWhose thunder shook the Philip of the seas.\\nHad it sounded from heaven in the ears of the desponding\\nColonies, the effect could scarcely have been more sudden or\\nmore startling.\\nThe pent-up indignation of America, which, like a black\\ncloud overcasting the heavens, seemed slowly approaching the\\nhorizon to be\\nIn the deep bosom of the ocean buried,\\nas by an electric flash was suddenly discharged, and poured\\nforth such a torrent as overwhelmed all who vainly attempted\\nto witlistand its flood. No taxation without representa-\\ntion! resistance to the stamp act! were suddenly heard on\\nevery side, and so terrible was the passion of the people, now\\nthoroughly aroused and lashed into a tempest, that when the\\ntime arrived for the commencement of the tax no man in\\nAmerica was bold enough to act as the distributor of stamps.\\nThe British administration itself was overwhelmed, and, bow-\\ning to tlie storm it had raised but could not rule, repealed\\nthe obnoxious act. But the day-star of the American Revo-\\nlution had arisen with healing for the nations in its beams.\\nAmerica had felt her own power, and henceforth it was im-\\npossible to rivet upon her the manacles forged by her tyrants.\\nThe ever-memorable action of Virginia was embodied in her\\nresolutions passcfl the 30th of May, 1765, in these words:\\nResolved, That the first adventurers and settlers of this\\nhis Majesty s colony and dominion, brought with them and\\ntransmitted to their posterity and all other his Majesty s sub-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAT, COMMEMORATION. 17\\njects since inhabiting in this liis Majesty s colon} all the privi-\\nleges, franchises, and immunities that have at any time been\\nhold, enjoyed, and possessed hy the people of Great Britain.\\nResolved, That by two royal charters granted by King\\nJames I., the colonists aforesaid are declared entitled to all\\nthe privileges, liberties, and immunities of denizens and\\nnatnral-liorn subjects, to all intents and purposes, as if they\\nhad been abiding and born within the realm of England.\\nResolved, That the taxation of the people by themselves,\\nor l)y persons chosen by themselves to represent them, who\\ncan onl}- know what taxes the people are able to bear, and\\nthe easiest mode of raising them, and are equally affected by\\nsuch taxes themselves, is the distinguishing characteristic of\\nBritish freedom, and without wliicli the ancient constitution\\ncannot subsist.\\nResolved, That his Majesty s liege people of this most\\nancient Colony have uninterruptedly enjoyed the right of\\nbeing thus governed by their own Assembly in the article of\\ntheir taxes and internal police, and that the same liatli never\\nbeen forfeited or in any other way given up, but hath been\\nconstantly recognized by the kings and people of Great\\nBritain.\\nResolved therefore. That the General Assembly of this\\nColony have the sole right and power to la} taxes and im-\\npositions upon the inhabitants of this Colony, and that every\\nattempt to vest such power in any person or persons what-\\nsoever, other than the General Assembly aforesaid, has a\\nmanifest tendency to destroy British as well as American\\nfreedom.\\nThe author of these resolutions, which rent an empire, left\\na copy in his own handwriting, which I now hold in my\\nhand, and, desiring to be remembered by posterity for this\\nact, he claims, by the endorsement he made on the paper, that\\nby their passage the great point of resistance to British\\n3", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "18 THENATIONAL\\ntaxation was universally established in the Colonics. This\\nbrought on the war which finally separated the two countries,\\nand gave independence to ours.\\nI need not detail the subsequent renewal of the eftbrt to\\ntax America b^- another mode, culminating in the occupation\\nof Boston by Britisli soldiers, and the assembling of the\\nCongi css of 177-i, in Carpenters Hall but I will hurry on\\nto the events immediately preceding the day we celebrate.\\nThe war between the Colonies and Great Britain was waged\\nat first in defence of jiolitical rights, but with no thought of\\nfinal separation between the countries, except perhaps by a\\nfew, wlio, endowed with more of jirophetic ken than their\\nfellows, saw the end from the beginning. Certain it is, that\\nin all the public papers issued by those who had a right to\\nspeak for the peoi)le, the idea of separation was careful!}^ dis-\\nowned. The Congress of September, 1774, in its address to\\nthe king, used these words: Your royal authority over us,\\nand our connection with Great Britain, we shall always care-\\nfully and zealously endeavor to support and maintain. And\\nthe Congress of 1775, in its address of the 6th of July, setting\\nforth the causes and reasons for taking up arms, said Lest\\nthis declaration sliould disquiet the minds of our friends and\\nfellow-subjects in any part of the Empire, we assure them that\\nwe mean not to dissolve that union which has so long and so\\nhappily subsisted between us, and which we sincerely wish to\\nsee restored. This address was penned by Thomas Jcfl:crson,\\nand was read anaid thundering huzzas in every market-place,\\nfervent prayers in nearly ever} pulpit, and booming cannon\\nin the patriot army.\\nAs late as the 29th of November, 1775, we find the Conti-\\nnental Congress declaring in their letter to the agents of the\\nColonies in England, that There is nothing more ardently\\ndesired by North America than a lasting union with Great\\nBritain, on terms of just and equal liberty. Nor did the Con-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 19\\ngress alone bear witness to the desire of the Colonies. On the\\n9th of J^oveniber, 1775, the Pennsylvania Assembly instructed\\nher delegates to resist any move in the direction of independ-\\nence. On the 28 th of !N oveml)er, the New Jersey Assembly gave\\nsimilar instructions to her delegates. On the 7th of December,\\nthe Maryland Convention declared that the people of that\\nColony Never did, nor do, entertain any views or desires of\\nindependency. On the 14th of December, the New York Pro-\\nvincial Congress declared that their people had not withdrawn\\ntheir allegiance, and that their turbulent state did not arise\\nFrom a desii e to become independent of the British crown.\\nOn the 25th of December, the town of Portsmouth, New\\nHampshire, instructed their delegates in the Provincial Con-\\ngress to resist the formation of local government, To show\\nthat they wx-re not aiming at independency. The North\\nCarolina Provincial Congress, in an address which was adopted\\non the 8th of September, 1775, disclaimed in earnest terms the\\ndesign of independence. The other Colonies also gave full\\nassurance that independence was not their desire. But tlie\\ngovernment of Great Britain was not content, and tlie king\\npreferred American independence to the continuance of the\\nconnection on American principles. In December, 1775, was\\nenacted the bill prohibiting all traffic Avith America, and sub-\\nstantially declaring war. The eliect of this and other measures\\nconsequent, was soon manifested in the Colonies, and inde-\\npendence was openly discussed. Left without their regular\\ngovernment, they had, early in the war, resorted to temporary\\nexjijedients, and thus had become accustomed to the exercise\\nof independent powers, though in every instance the taking\\nup of government was declared to be temporary, and to end\\nwhen reconciliation was accomj^lished. The spring of 1776\\nfound a great change in the feeling of the Colonies. All hope\\nof reconciliation seemed to have been lost by the great bulk of\\nthe people, and submission or independence were the only alter-", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "20 T 11 E N A T I N A L\\nnatives left but they still hesitated to take the final stej:). The\\nConvention of Virginia was fixed to meet tlie 6th of May,\\nand the elections of the delegates revealed the state of public\\nfeeling there. In many, if not most, of the counties, the\\ncandidates were required to pledge themselves to a final sepa-\\nration from Great Britain. As a specimen of the instructions\\ngiven to their delegates, listen to the following from the\\ncounty of Charlotte my native county, I am proud to say\\nto Paul Carrington and Thomas Read, her delegates, dated 23d\\nApril, 177G, and the earliest move for independence of any\\ncommunity I have ever met with, which has been clearly estab-\\nlished Despairing of any redress of our grievances from the\\nKing and Parliament of Great Britain, and all hopes of a\\nreconciliation between her and the United Colonies being now\\nat an end, and being conscious that their treatment has been\\nsuch as loyal subjects did not deserve, and to which as freemen\\nwe are determined not to submit by the unanimous approba-\\ntion and direction of the whole freeholders, and all the inhabi-\\ntants of this county, we advise and instruct you cheerfully to\\nconcur and give your best assistance in our Convention, to\\n])iish to the utmost a war offensive and defensive until you\\nare certified that such projiosals of peace are made to our\\nGeneral Congress as shall by them be judged just and fricndl}-.\\nAnd we give it you in charge to use your best\\nendeavoi s that the delegates which are sent to the General\\nCongress be instructed immediately to cast off the British\\nyoke, and to enter into commercial alliances with any nation\\nor nations friendly to our cause. And as King George III., of\\nGreat Britain, has manifested deliberate enmity towards us,\\nand, under the character of a parent, Jjersists in behaving as a\\ntyrant, that they, in our behalf, renounce allegiance to him\\nforever and that, taking the God of heaven to be our king,\\nand depending on his protection and assistance, they plan out\\nthat form of government which may the most etfectualiy", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "C E N T N N I A 1, C M AI E M K A T I N 21\\nsecure to us tlie enjojraeut of our civil and religious rights\\nand principles to the latest posterity.\\nBrave words from the grand old county of Charlotte Well\\nworthy to become tlie last resting-place of him who gave\\nthe first impulse to the ball of the revolution. Elected by\\nsuch constituents the convention could not be other than a\\nnoble body. It was looked to by all the Colonies with the\\nearnest expectation that the wisdom of its councils might\\nresolve their doubts as to the course to be pursued. Richard\\nHenry Lee, not knowing that he might be able to leave his\\nseat in Congress to attend its sessions, wrote to Patrick Henry\\nfrom Philadelphia on the 20th of April, 1776, to urge that\\nthe decisive step be taken. Said he I invite your attention\\nto the most important concerns of our approaching conven-\\ntion. Ages yet unborn, and millions existing at present, may\\nrue or bless that assembly, on which their happiness or misery\\nwill so eminently depend. Virginia has hitherto taken the\\nlead in gi-eat affairs, and many now look to her with anxious\\nexpectation, hoping that the spirit, wisdom, and energy of her\\ncouncils will arouse America from the fatal lethargy into\\nwhich feebleness, folly, and interested views of the proprie-\\ntary governments, with the aid of Tory machinations, have\\nthrown her most unhappily. After arguing the necessity of\\nimmediately declaring Independence, forming a permanent\\ngovernment, and seeking foreign alliances, he adds: This I\\ntake to be the time and thing meant by Shakspeare, when he\\nsays, There is a tide in the affairs men, which, taken at the\\nflood, leads on to fortune that omitted, we are ever after\\nbound in shallows.\\nAnd, in truth, no nobler band of patriots ever met together\\nthan assembled in that convention. Its roll contained nearly\\nall of the great men of Virginia, at a time when Virginia\\nwould not suffer in comparison with any State, ancient or\\nmodern. Listen to the names of some of the most conspic-", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "22 THENATIONAL\\nuous: Ediuuud Pendleton, Richard Bland, Robert Carter\\nMeholas, John Blair, Ednuuid Randolph, William Cabell,\\nHenry Tazewell, Benjamin Harrison, Archibald Cary, George\\nWythe, Thomas Xelson, Thomas Jefierson, George Mason,\\nRichard Henry Lee, and -Patrick Henry. One name, the\\ngrandest of all, was missing from its accustomed place on that\\nroll, but Virginia had given her AVashington to America, that\\nlike a saviour he might lead her through the Valle} of the\\nshadow of death, to glorious victory and peace, and he was\\nnow at the head of her armies\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Our tower of strengtli,\\nWliicli stood lbui -s(|uare to all the winds that blew.\\nThe honor of presiding over the eonvention was conferred\\non Edmund Pendleton. On the 14th of May, the body sat as\\na Committee of the Whole on the state of the Colony, with\\nArchibald Cary in the chair. On that daj^ General Thomas\\nXelson, the most popular man in the Colony, of unbounded\\ngenerosit} fortitude, and patriotism, moved the following\\nresolves, wliich had been drawn by Edmund Pendleton\\nForasmuch as all the endeavors of the United Colonies,\\nby the most decent representation and petitions to the king\\nand parliament of Great Britain, to restore peace and security\\nto America under the British government, and a reunion with\\nthat people upon just and liberal terms, instead of a redress\\nof grievances, have produced from an imperious and vindic-\\ntive administration increased insult, ojjpressiou, and a vigor-\\nous attempt to ett ect our total destruction by a late act all\\nthese colonies are declared to be in rebellion, and out of the\\nprotection of the British crown; our properties subjected to\\nconfiscation our people, when captivated, compelled to join\\nin the murder and plunder of their relatives and countrymen,\\nand all former rapine and oppression of Americans declared\\nlegal and just fleets and armies are raised, and the aid of", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMOEATION. 23\\nforeign troops engaged to assist tliese destructive purposes.\\nThe King s representative in this Colony hath not only with-\\nheld all powers of government from operating for our safety,\\nInit, having retired on board an armed ship, is carrying on a\\npiratical and savage wax against us, tempting our slaves by\\nevery artifice to resort to him, and training and employing\\nthem against their masters. In this state of extreme danger\\nwe have no alternative left but an abject submission to the\\nwill of these overbearing tyrants, or a total separation from\\nthe crown and government of Great Britain, uniting and\\nexerting the strength of all America for defence, and forming\\nalliances with foreign powers for commerce and aid in war.\\nWherefore, appealing to the Searcher of Hearts for the sin-\\ncerity of former declarations, expressing our desii-e to preserve\\nthe connection with that nation, and that we arc driven from\\nthat inclination b}^ their wicked councils and the eternal laws\\nof self-preservation,\\nResolved unanimously. That the delegates appointed to rep-\\nresent this Colony in General Congress be instructed to pro-\\npose to that respectable body to dcclai-e the United Colonies\\nfree and independent States, al)solved from all allegiance to\\nor dependence upon the Crown or Parliament of Great Britain\\nand that they give the assent of this Colony to such declara-\\ntion, and to whatever measures may be thought proper and\\nnecessary by Congress for forming foreign alliances and a con-\\nfederation of the colonies at such time and in the manner as\\nto them shall seem best. Provided, that the power of forming\\ngovernment for, and the regulations of, the internal concerns\\nof each Colony be left to the respective Colonial Legislatures.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Itesolved mianimously^ That a committee be appointed to\\nprepare a Declaration of Rights and such a plan of government\\nas will be most likely to maintain peace and order in this\\nColony, and to secure substantial and equal liberty to the\\npeople.", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "24 T H E N A TI N A L\\nThese resolutions were discussed on tliat and the succeeding\\nday in Committee of tlic Whole, and on the 15th of May were\\nreporteil to the House, according to custom, by Arcliiliald\\nGary, who had presided over the committee, and the record\\nshows they were unanimoush^ agreed to by the House, 112\\nmembers being present.\\nFrom an oration delivered Ijy Edmund Randolph at the\\ngi ave of Edmund Pendleton, and from a fragment of a\\nhitherto unpublished manuscript history of Virginia by the\\nsame eminent person, I am enabled to give you a sketch of\\nthis memoi able occasion. Says Edmund Randolph: When\\nthe disposition of the peojile as exhibited by their rej^resen-\\ntatives could not be mistaken, Henry had full indulgence of\\nhis own i^rivate judgment, and lie concerted with Xelsou\\nthat he (Nelson) should introduce the question of independ-\\nence, and that Henry should enforce it. ]!felson afiected\\nnothing of oratory, except what ardent feelings might inspire,\\nand, characteristic of himself, be had no fears of liis own\\nwitli which to temporize, and supposing that others ought\\nto have none, lie passed over the probabilities of foreign aid,\\nstepped lightly on the difficulties of procuring military stores\\nand the inexperience of officers and soldiers, but pressed a\\ndeclaration of independence, ujion what with him were incon-\\ntrovei-tible grounds, that we were oppressed, had humbly sup-\\nplicated a redress of grievances which had been refused with\\ninsult; and that to return from battle against the sovereign\\nwith the cordiality of subjects was absurd. It was expected\\nthat a declaration of independence would certainly be passed,\\nand for obvious reasons Mr. Henry seemed allotted to ci-own\\nhis political conduct with this supreme stroke. And yet for\\na considerable time he talked of the subject as critical, but\\nwithout committing himself by a pointed avowal in its lavor\\nor a i^ointod repudiation of it. He thought that a course\\n\\\\vhich put at stake the lives and fortunes of the people should", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CO MJI EM ORATION. 25\\najipear to be their own act, and that he ouglit not to place\\nupon the responsibility of his eloquence a revolution of wliich\\nthe peoj^le might be wearied after the present stimulus should\\ncease to operate. But after some time he appeared in an ele-\\nment for which he was born. To cut the knot which calm\\nprudence was puzzled to untie was worthy of the magnificence\\nof his genius. He entered into no subtlety of reasoning, but\\nwas aroused by the now apparent spirit of the people. As a\\npillar of fire, which, notwithstanding the darkness of the pros-\\npect, would conduct to the promised laud, he inflamed, and\\nwas followed by the convention. His eloquence unlocked the\\nsecret springs of the human heart, I obbed danger of all its\\nterror, and broke the keystone in the arch of royal power.\\nOpposition had been manifested to the motion in the Commit-\\ntee of the Whole, but, overwhelmed and led captive by the\\norator, it but swelled his triumph.\\nIt is the distinguished honor of Virginia that by her resolu-\\ntion of May, 1765, she commenced, and by her resolutions of\\nMay, 1776, she completed, the American Revolution, for all\\nthat remained was to maintain the position she had reached.\\nShe has not, however, been so fortunate as to wear her honors\\nunchallenged. John Adams in 1818, upon the appearance of\\nWirt s Life of Patrick Henry, denied that Henry s resolu-\\ntions of May, 1765, commenced the revolution, and claimed\\nthat James Otis, in resisting writs of assistance in 1761, was\\nentitled to that honor. The venerable patriot had permitted\\nhis zeal for Massachusetts to mislead him, and claimed for\\nanother what he had yielded to Mr. Henry in 1776. On the\\n3d of June of that year he wrote to Mr. Henry these words\\nI know of none so competent to the task (of framing a con-\\nstitution for Virginia) as the author of the first Virginia reso-\\nlutions against the stamp act, who will have the glory with\\nposterity of beginning and concluding this great revolution.\\nThe honor of being the first to propose independence has\\n4", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "26 T II E N A T I N A L\\nbeen contested I)y Xortli Carolina, which elainiB a [irior decla-\\nration, but this claim lias been so comiilctcl}- ovcrtlirown liy\\nmy learned and venerable friend, the Hon. Hugh Blair\\nGriffsbv, in bis Discourse on the Virs^inia Convention of\\n1776, that I need only state very briefly some of the grounds\\nfor disallowing it. It is claimed that the Committee of Meck-\\nlenburg County, in North Carolina, on the 20th of May, 1775,\\nunanimously declared that county sovereign, free, and inde-\\npendent, and absolved from all allegiance to the British\\nCrown, and adopted laws, and appointed oiBcers to execute\\nthem. It is not pretended that this proceeding was ever pub-\\nlished till 1819, forty-four years afterwards, when a copy was\\nsaid to be found in the handwriting of the secretary of the meet-\\ning, J. McNitt Alexander, who was dead, and who had made\\na memorandum on the paper stating that it might not be\\nliterally correct, though fundamentally, as the original papers\\nwere burned. The following facts are undoubted On the 31st\\nof May, 1775, at the same place, the same Committee passed a\\nvery difterent set of resolutions, which were published at the\\ntime in several newspapers, and denounced by the governor of\\nthe State, providing for a temporary government of the county,\\nand for officers to be selected in a different way, and expressly\\nlimiting the operation of their resolves till Grreat Britain\\nshould resign its unjust and arbitrary pretensions with respect\\nto America, a course taken in nearly every Colony. On the\\n23d of August, 1775, the Provincial Congress of Nortli Caro-\\nlina subscribed a test, required of its members by that body,\\nwhich distinctly professes allegiance to the British crown; and\\nThomas Polk, John Phifer, and J. McNitt Alexander, the dele-\\ngates from Mecklenburg County, and members of its county\\ncommittee present on the 20th of May preceding, signed this\\ntest. On the 4th of September the same body voted that the\\nplan of genei al confederation between the United Colonies was\\nnot then eligible, and that the present association ought to be", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. Z i\\nfurtlier relied on for bringing about a reconciliation with the\\nparent State. And on the 8th of September, the same body\\nunanimously adoi)ted an address to the inhabitants of Great\\nBritain of course voted for by the Mecklenburg delegates\\nwhom I have mentioned in which it is said We have been\\ntold that independence is our object that wc seek to shake off\\nall connection with the parent State. Cruel suggestion Do\\nnot all our professions, all our actions, uniformly contradict\\nthis? We again declare, and invoke that Almighty Being\\nwho searches the recesses of the human heart, and knows our\\nmost secret intentions, that it is our most earnest wish and\\nprayer to be restored, with the other United Colonies, to the\\nstate in which we and they were placed before the year 1763.\\nIf, then, the county of Mecklenburg, Iforth Carolina, through\\nits county Committee, made a declaration of final separation\\nand independence on the 20th of May, 1775 which has not\\nbeen proven as yet it appears that eleven daj s afterwards the\\nsame Committee at the same place repudiated it, and three of\\nits members, among them its secretary, on whose loose memory\\nit is now sought to establish it, on the 24th of August and the\\n8th of September following, by their signatures and votes in\\nthe Provincial Congress, expressly denied that they had ever\\nintended independence. With all due respect to our North\\nCarolina cousins, I may be permitted to say, that such a decla-\\nration of independence, if established, is nothiiig to boast of.\\nBefore the cock crew twice, they had denied it thrice.\\nEqually groundless is the attempt of IS orth Carolina to sup-\\nplement her claim by quoting the instructions to her delegates\\nin the Continental Congress, passed the 12th of April, 1776.\\nThese instructions merely removed her previous restrictions,\\nand empowered the ]!f orth Carolina delegates in Congress to\\nconcur with the delegates of the other Colonies in declaring\\nindependence, but leaving the matter to their discretion a", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "28 THENATIONAL\\ndiscretion which the delegates from some of the other Colo-\\nnies already had.\\nThe Virghiia Convention entrusted her command to Thomas\\nN^elson, one of her delegates to Congress, and upon his arrival\\nin Philadelphia, Richard Henry Lee was selected to make the\\nmotion. Nor could this honor have heen more worthily be-\\nstowed. Of honored ancestry, large fortune, splendid intel-\\nlect, and ample learning, from the time he offered his 3 outli-\\nful sword to the unfortunate Braddock he had been cons2:)ic-\\nuous for his public spirit, and had early taken rank with\\nthe foremost of the American patriots. Tall and command-\\ning in person, with the nolile countenance of a Roman, the\\ncourage of a Csesar, and the eloquence of a Cicero, at the\\nbidding of Virginia, he arose on the 7th day of June, 1776,\\nand in her name urged his countrymen no longer to hesitate,\\nbut pressing forward, to cross the Rubicon, and secure to\\nthemselves and to their posterity those inalienable rights\\nbestowed upon them by their Creator. He moved, in the\\nlanguage of the Virginia Convention, That these United\\nColonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent\\nStates; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the\\nBritish Crown, and that all political connection between them\\nand the State of Great Britain is, and onglit to be, totally\\ndissolved that it is expedient forthwith to take the most\\neffectual measures for forming foreign alliances; that a plan\\nof confederation be prepared and transmitted to the respective\\nColonies for their consideration and approbation. The motion\\nwas seconded b}- glorious old John Adams, and Massachu-\\nsetts stood by the side of Virginia. Her ardent and eloquent\\nson proved himself the colossus of the debate which followed\\nand continued through several days. Xor was Pennsylvania\\ncontent to be represented by her halting Dickinson, but her\\nanient patriotism found utterance through her profound jihi-\\nlosopher and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, whose words of", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 29\\ndistilled wisdom fell from his lips like proverbs from the pien\\nof Solomon. Of the eloquent speech with which Mr. Lee\\nintroduced the resolution of independence only a faint outline\\nhas heen preserved. It is claimed by the historian, however,\\nto be sul)stantially correct. Of this I will only detain you\\nwith an exti act The question, said he, is not whether\\nwe shall acquire an increase of territorial dominion, or wick-\\nedly wrest from others their just possessions, but whether we\\nshall preserve or lose forever that liberty which we have\\ninherited from our ancestors, which we have pursued across\\ntempestuous seas, and which we have defended in this land\\nagainst barbarous men, ferocious beasts, and an inclement sky.\\nAnd if so many and distinguished praises have alwaj^s been\\nlavished upon the generous defenders of Greek and Roman\\nliberty, what shall be said of us who defend a liberty which\\nis founded, not on the capricious will of an unstable multitude,\\nbut upon immutable statutes and titulary laws not that\\nwhich was the exclusive privilege of a few patricians, but that\\nwhich is the property of all not that which was stained by\\niniquitous ostracisms, or the horrible decimation of armies,\\nbut that which is pure, temperate, and gentle, and conformed\\nto the civilization of the age? Animated by liberty, the\\nGreeks repulsed the innumerable army of Persians sustained\\nby the love of independence the Swiss and the Dutch humbled\\nthe power of Austria by memorable defeats, and conquered a\\nrank among nations. But the sun of America also shines\\nupon the heads of the brave the point of our weapons is no\\nless formidable than theirs; here also the same union prevails,\\nthe same contempt of danger and of death, in asserting the\\ncause of country. Why then do we longer delay? Why still\\ndeliberate? Let this happy day give birth to the American\\nRepublic. Let her arise, not to devastate and conquer, but to\\nreestablish the reign of peace and of law. The eyes of Europe\\nare fixed upon us she demands of us a living example of", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "30 T 11 E N A T I N A L\\nfreedom tliat may exhibit a contrast, in the felicity of the\\ncitizen, to the ever-increasing tyranny whicli desolates her\\npolluted shores. She invites us to prepare an asylum, where\\nthe unhappy may find solace and the persecuted repose. She\\ninvites us to cultivate a propitious soil, where that generous\\nplant, which first sprang and grew in England, but is now\\nwithered b} tlie poisonous blasts of Scottish tyrann}-, may\\nrevive and flourish, sheltering under its salubrious and inter-\\nminable shade all the unfortunate of the human race. If we\\nare not this day wanting in our duty to our country, the\\nnames of American legislatoi-s of 1770 will be placed by pos-\\nterity at the side of those of Theseus, of Lycurgus, of Romulus,\\nof Kuma, of the three Williams of Nassau, and of all those\\nwhose memory- has been and forever will be dear to virtuous\\nmen\\n1\\nBut it is not for me to trace the history of the motion to\\nits grand consummation on the 4th of July, nor to tell of the\\nexpenditure of blood and treasure, freely offered, in establish-\\ning it before all the world against the most powerful nation\\nof the earth. Virginia moved, and America established inde-\\npendence and regulated liberty. Vitalized and directed by\\nthe heaven-born principles of liberty and order, our develop-\\nment and growth have surpassed that of all other nations of\\nthe earth, though scarcely out of our infancy, and to-day we\\ngive undoubted evidence that in all that makes a nation great\\nwe rank with the foremost.\\nFellow-citizens of these United States: In this year of the\\ncelebration of the birth of the nation, let us recur to the funda-\\nmental principles underlying and supporting our institutions,\\nand to which we owe our greatness. Let us look well to the\\ntitle-deeds of our liberties, and restore the ancient landmarks\\nwhere they have been removed. Let us transmit to our pos-\\nterity in its integrit} the rich heritage received from our\\nfathers and may the God of our fathers be our God, and pre-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION.\\n31\\nserve our civil and religious liberties to us, and to our children,\\nand to our children s children, till time shall be no more, and\\nthe Sun of Righteousness shall he seen purpling the east\\npencilling the day-dawn of perfect liberty and perfect order.\\nYea, Trutli and Justice then,\\nAA^ill down return to men,\\nOrb d in a rainbow; and, like glories wearing,\\nMercy will sit between,\\nTiironed in celestial sheen,\\nWith radiant feet the tissued clouds down steering\\nAnd heaven as at some festival,\\nWill open wide the gates of her high palace-hall.", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE\\n-5^^^\\nO^^\\n,V\\n^ettHiiil\\ni^otii^\\nAnniversary of July 2d, iyy6.\\nPROCEEDINGS\\nHALL OF INDEPENDENCE, JULY i, 1876.", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "1776.\\nJULY\\n2.\\n1876.\\nOn the morning of Satnrdiiy, July 1st, there assembled at\\nIndependence Hall, in tlie room occupied by the National\\nMuseum, those persons who had been invited to contribute\\nbiographical sketches of the men of the Revolutionary period,\\nwhere they were received by the ladies of the Board of Man-\\nagement, and by the Committee on the J^aticnial Centennial\\nCommemoration.\\nAt 11.30 A. M. the doors of Independence Chamber were\\nthrown open, and the American authors and antiquaries of\\n1876, passed into the shrine of lil)crty as a chorus of fifty\\nvoices rendered Whittier s great Centennial Hymn.\\nThe Committee on the Restoration of Independence Hall,\\naccompanied by the Mayor of the city, who occujjied seats on\\neither side of the President s chair and table, leaving the\\nformer significantly vacant, immediately arose, and Colonel\\nFrank M. Etting, Cliairman of tlie Committees on the Resto-\\nration of Independence llall and of the ISTational Centennial\\nCommemoration, addressed the assemblage.\\nADDRESS OP OOL. ETTING.\\nLadies and Gentlejien\\nOn behalf of the city of Philadelphia, as well as of the Com-\\nmittees on Restoration of Independence Hall, and of the Na-\\ntional Centennial Commemoration, I bid you welcome to this\\nroom. As the result of four years labor we seek to present", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "36 TIIENATIONAL\\nto you no mere spectacle of physical sight, but to aflbrd j-ou\\nthe means of a spiritual vision that will enable you to see\\nthrough a eentur}-. Yonder parchment l)rought liack b^- us,\\nscarce bears trace of the signatures, the execution of which\\nmade fifty-six names imperishable. This table is no longer\\nsurrounded, in theflesh,hy Hancock, Franklin, Jefferson, Rich-\\nard Henry Lee, the Adamses, and the host of patriots who\\nclustered here in June and Juh^llTG. These chairs that once\\nwere theirs are now vacant. Everything that was perishable\\nhas passed away, and wliat is Ifft to us we may trul} say has\\nput on immortality. The rising sun of lilxn-ty and of per-\\nfect union, which Franklin pointed out to Jefferson as de-\\npicted upon the back of this yqyj chair, when occupied bj^\\nWashington in 1787, as President of the Convention for\\nframing the Constitution of the United States, now shines\\nundimmed b}- the shadow of any subsequent event, since we\\nhave permitted no trace of any memorial to remain in this\\nchamber that can recall any sectional differences. All the\\nassociations that here present themselves to you are intended\\nto enable cacli individual for himself to exercise the miracu-\\nlous touch, to once more set upon their feet the Founders\\nof the Republic. The actual lineaments of their faces are\\nshown upon these walls, and every material adjunct in the\\nadoption of our Magna Charta has now been returned to its\\nformer place of use. You, ladies and gentlemen, have done\\nthe rest. You have shown us in prose and in verse how\\nthese men lived, and how they moved, and what they strug-\\ngled for. Thus, in the whole category of events of our Cen-\\ntennial epocli, there is no commemoration of greater signifi-\\ncance tlian the very act of your assembling in this chamber.\\nIt was here just one hundred years ago to-day that the\\nFounders of the Republic met together, predetermined to\\ncall into being a new power upon the earth. At the instance\\nof one of their number the final vote was put oft until the", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 37\\nmorrow. Thus it was on the second of July, 1776, that the\\nfinal act was done the United States became a ^N^ation.\\nYou, of all tlie citizens of the United States, come here to-\\nday to Ijuild up a CENOTAPH of letters to the memory of those\\nmen the like of which is not afforded in the history of the\\nworld no rain, no sun can ever reach it, and it must endure\\nas long as Liberty and the Englisii language survive.\\nIf it he permitted to departed spirits again to visit the\\nscenes of their earthly work, may we not invoke the shade\\nof Washington again to occujiy the President s chair, and to\\nsummon around him that host whose memories we hold so\\ndear? In consonance at least with what we know to be their\\nwislies, I shall now request the Rev. William White Bronson\\nto ask the blessing of God upon our proceedings.\\nPIIAYKR.\\nGod, hose name is excellent in all the earth, and Thy\\nglory above the heavens; who a century ago didst insjiire and\\ndirect the hearts of the delegates in Congress to lay the per-\\npetual foundations of peace, liberty, and safct3-; we bless and\\nadore Thy Glorious Majesty for tliis Thy loving kindness and\\nprovidence. And do Thou, who hast instructed us in Thy holy\\nword to render honor to whom it is due, pour down Thy bless-\\ning upon these Thy servants, here assembled to perpetuate the\\nsacred memory of the Fathers of our Republic. May this\\ntribute of a Nation s gratitude be as extended and as abidins:\\nas the honored names which it is designed to commemorate.\\nMay the inhabitants of this land, while with hearts and voices\\nthey proclaim the praises of the assertors of their rights, the\\ndefenders of their liberties, and the vindicators of their laws,\\nbe perpetuating a call to great and virtuous achievements.\\nAnd may all who, like our worthy departed of blessed memory,\\nshall be eminent benefactors of mankind, like them, also, find", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "38 T HE NATIONAL\\na grateful pco[ik; lionoring them in their lives and in their\\ndeaths. Having inherited the lustre of their names and enjoy-\\ning the fruits of their labors, may this nation witness a suc-\\ncession of great and good men, to the glory of Th}- name and\\nthe prosperity of Thy people to the end of time. Grant,\\nLord, we beseech Thee, that this our season of national rejoic-\\ning may he so ordered by the sanctifying power of Thy Holy\\nSpirit that we forfeit not our title to be nnml)ered among Tlij\\nfaithful ]ieople. Control the words of all; restrain their appe-\\ntites; hallow their intercourse; keep far away the occasions of\\ndisagreements; sulidue the uprisings of angr} passions; shed\\nabroad the spirit of meekness and forbearance; teach all, of\\never}- class, to rejoice one with another; quicken them to acts\\nof l)rotherly love. Gnint that whatsoever holy suggestions\\nthey may an}- of them receive, they may carefull}- cherish, nnd\\nfill them with such gladness of heart, that they, realizing in\\nearthly things the gifts of Thy boundless love, may be encour-\\naged thereby to press onward to the enjoj^ments of Thyself,\\nwhen all Thy gondness sliull be revealed. (J, Thou Fountain\\nof Wisdom, who givest to all men liljerally, and upbraidest\\nnot, grant that Thy servants here assembled, and all on whom\\nThou hast bestowed the treasures of intellect, may be led unto\\nright apprehensions of all things. Endow them with humility\\nand soberness of mind. Bestow upon tliem a discerning spirit,\\na sound judgment, and an honest and good heart, sincerely\\ndisposed to employ all the talents thou hast, or shall entrust\\nthem withal, to Thy honor and glory and the good of man-\\nkind; that ripening the precious fruits of intellect and of all\\ngoodness, tlieir profiting may appear unto all men, and that\\nthey may give a comfortable account of their time and of their\\nacquirements to Thee, their God, when as stewards we shall\\nbe summoned to our final reckoning. Almighty God, Who\\nhast, in all ages showed forth Thy power and mercy in the\\nWonderful presi rvation of Thy church, and in the protection", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "C E N T E N N t A I. C M M E M K A T I N\\n39\\nof every people [trot essiiig Thy holy and eternal truth and\\nputting their sure trust in Thee, we yield Thee our unfeigned\\nthanks and praise for all Thy mercies to this people, and more\\nespecially for that signal and wonderful manifestation of Thy\\nprovidence, which we now commemorate, wherefore not unto\\nus, Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy name be ascribed all\\nhonor and glory, in all churches of the saints, from generation\\nto generation, through Jesus Christ, our Lord, Amen.\\nAt the conclusion of the prayer, the Mayor of the city re-\\nquested the Hon. William A. Whitehead, Corresponding Sec-\\nretary of the N^ew Jersey Historical Society, to call the roll of\\nauthors, who were then requested to deposit, each for himself,\\nas his name was called, the biographical sketch which he had\\nprepared.\\nROLL OP AUTHORS.\\nNAME.\\nAdams, Charles Francis, Massachusetts.\\nAlleu, Ethau, New York.\\nAmory, Thomas C, Massachusetts.\\nAngell, James B., Rhode Island.\\nBatch, Thomas, Philadelphia.\\nBartlett, John Russell, Rhode Island.\\nBell, Charles II., New Hampshire.\\nBell, John J., New Hampshire.\\nBellows, Henry Whitney, New York.\\nBiddle, Craig, Philadelphia.\\nBouton, Nathaniel, New Hampshire.\\nBradford, A. B., Pennsylvania.\\nBradley, Joseph P., District of Columbia.\\nBraxton, Carter M., Virginia.\\nBriuton, John H., Philadelphia.\\nBrock, R. Alouzo, Virginia.\\nBrown, John, Maryland.\\nBrowne, William Hand, Maryland.\\nButfet, E. P., New Jersey.\\nBurdge, Franklin, New Y ork.\\nCanning, E. C, New Y ork.\\nCarpenter, John C, JIaryland.\\nChew, Samuel, Philadelphia.\\nSUBJECT.\\nJohn Hancock.\\nPhilip Livingston.\\nJohn Sullivan.\\nJames Mitchell Varnum.\\nWilliam Sliippen.\\nSamuel Ward.\\nNathaniel Folsom.\\nJohn Taylor Gilman.\\nHenry Wisner.\\nEdward Biddle.\\nGeorge Frost.\\nGeorge Clymer.\\nWilliam Burnet.\\nCarter Braxton.\\nWilliam Smith.\\nRichard Henry Lee.\\nJoshua Seney.\\nRobert Alexander.\\nAbraham Clark.\\nSimon Boerum.\\nJohn Lansing.\\nRichard Ridgley.\\nBenjamin Chew.", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "40\\nTHE N A T I N A L\\nNAME.\\nClairbornc, J. F. H.. Louisiana.\\nClemens, Samuel L., Connecticut.\\nCocke, William Archer, Florida.\\nCooke, Joliu Esten, Virginia.\\nCo.\\\\, Christopher C, District of Columbia.\\nCullum, George W., United States Army,\\nDalrymple, E. A., Jlaryland.\\nDana, Jr., Richard H., Massachusetts.\\nDarlington, William M., Pennsylvania.\\nDavis, William W. H., Pennsylvania.\\nDc Lancey, Edward F., New York.\\nDe Peyster, Frederick. New York.\\nDi.x, John A., New York.\\nDrake, Samnel Adams, iMassachusetts.\\nDuane, William, Philadelphia.\\nEastman, Samuel C, New Hampshire.\\nEgle, William II., Pennsylvania.\\nElmer, Lucius Q. C, New Jersey.\\nEtting, Frank M., Philadelphia.\\nFairbanks, George R., Tennessee.\\nFlanders, Henry, Philadelphia.\\nForrest, Douglass, Maryland.\\nForney, John W., Philadelphia.\\nFrothingham, Richard, Massachusetts.\\nFurness, Horace Howard, Philadelphia.\\nFulhcy, J. Smith, Pennsylvania.\\nGammell, Willi.im, Rhode Island.\\nGayarre, Charles, Louisiana.\\nGilman, Arthur, New Ilaniiishire.\\nGratz, Simon, Philadeljihia.\\nGreene, George W., Rliode Island.\\nGrigsby, Hugh Blair, Virginia.\\nHale, Edward Everett, Massachusetts.\\nHammond, Mrs. L. M., New York.\\nHanson, George A., Slaiyland.\\nHarrison, Samuel A., Maryland.\\nHart, Mrs. Armine Nixon, Philadelphia.\\nHart, Charles Henry, Philadelphia.\\nHatfield, Edwin F., New Jerse}\\nHedge, J. Dunham, Rhode Island.\\nHenry, William Wirt, Virginia.\\nHigginson, Thomas W., Rhode Island.\\nHillard, George S., Massachusetts.\\nHoadley, Charles J., Connecticut.\\nHoes, K. Randall, New Jersey.\\nSCBJECT.\\nAbraham Baldwin.\\nFrancis Lightfoot Lee.\\nWilliam Richardson Davie.\\nGeorge Wythe.\\nMatthew Tilghman.\\nRichard Montgomerj\\nThomas Johnson, Jr.\\nFrancis Dana.\\nJohn Armstrong.\\nGeorge Taylor.\\nWilliam Allen.\\nWilliam Floyd.\\nJohn Cruger.\\nArthur Middleton.\\nJoseph Reed.\\nJosiah Bartlett.\\nWilliam Maclay.\\nJonathan Elmer.\\nJohn Dickinson.\\nEdward Telfair.\\nThomas Fitzimmons.\\nDaniel Dulany.\\nThomas MifiJin.\\nJames Otis.\\nJonathan Bayard Smith.\\nWilliam Cliugan.\\nStephen Hopkins.\\nJohn Rutledge.\\nNicholas Gilman.\\nRichard Butler.\\nNathaniel Greene.\\nPeyton Randolph.\\nJames Lovell.\\nJames Madison.\\nBenjamin Contee.\\nAVilliam Hindman.\\nRobert Morris.\\nJohn Nixon.\\nJonathan Dickinson Sergeant.\\nHenry Marchaut.\\nPatrick Henry.\\nWilliam Ellery.\\nChristopher Gadsden.\\nSilas Deane.\\nJohn Witherspoon.", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION.\\n41\\nNAME.\\nHolland, J. G., New York.\\nHopkiuson, Oliver, Philadelphia.\\nHoyt, Alhert H., Massachusetts.\\nHumphreys, A. A., United States Army.\\nHunter, Richard Stockton, Philadelphia.\\nJones, Horatio Gates, Philadelphia.\\nJones, William Alfred, Connecticut.\\nKingsley, William L., Connecticut.\\n.SUBJECT.\\nGeorge Washington.\\nFrancis Hopkiuson.\\nSamuel Livermore.\\nCharles Huraphrej-s.\\nDauiel Roberdeau.\\nEbenezer Kinnersley.\\nThomas Stone.\\nSamuel Huntington.\\nLauman, Charles, District of Columbia. William Samuel Johnson.\\nLe Vert, Octavia Walton, Georgia. George Walton.\\nLincoln, Jolm L., Rhode Island. John Collins.\\nLindsley, J. Berrien, Tennessee. Lyman Hall.\\nLippitt, Mrs. Mary A., Rhode Island. William Barton.\\nLodge, Henry Cabot, Massachusetts. Samuel Ilolten.\\nLossiug, Benson J., New York. Philip Schuyler.\\nMeredith, Miss Cathariue K., Philadelphia. Gouverneur ^lorris.\\nJohn Carroll.\\nWilliam Patterson.\\nRobert Goldsborough.\\nJeremiah Townley Chase.\\nHugh Williamson.\\nWilliam Carmichael.\\nIsaac Norris.\\nMerrifield, Joseph, Maryland.\\nMessier, Abraham, New Jersey.\\nMorris, John G., Maryland.\\nMcClellau, W. J., Maryland.\\nNevin, J. Williamson, Pennsylvania.\\nNevin, William W., Philadelphia.\\nNorris, George AY., Philadelphia.\\nParker, Joel, New Jersey. John Hart.\\nPenny i)acker, Samuel W., Philadelphia. Samuel J. Atlce.\\nPhelps, Miss Eliz. Stuart, Massachusetts. Abigail Adams.\\nPinckncj% Charles C, South Carolina. Thomas Pinckuey.\\nQuinc.Y, Edmund, Massachusetts. Josiah Quincy, Jr.\\nQuincy, Miss Eliza Susan, Massachusetts. Josiah Quincy, Sr.\\nKamsay, J. G. M., Tennessee.\\nRobhins, Chandler, Massachusetts.\\nSeidensticker, O., Philadelphia.\\nSilliman, Benjamin, Connecticut.\\nSimmons, George A., Massachusetts.\\nSmith, John Jay, Philadelphia.\\nSteiner, Lewis H., Marj-land.\\nStevens, Francis Putnam, INIarjiand.\\nStevens, John Austin, New York.\\nStone, Frederick D., Philadelphia.\\nStone, William L., New York.\\nStrother, David Hunter, Virginia.\\nStryker, Mrs. Helen B., New Jersey.\\nSlryker, William S., New Jersey.\\nWilliam Blount.\\nDavid Ramsay.\\nFrederick Augustus Muhlenberg.\\nJoseph Spencer.\\nSamuel Adams.\\nJames Logan.\\nRichard Potts.\\nJohn Henry, Jr.\\nJohn Alsop.\\nCharles Thomson.\\nGeorge Clinton.\\nEdmund Pendleton.\\nElias Boudinot.\\nNathaniel Scudder.", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "42 THE NATIONAL\\nNAME. SUBJECT.\\nTaylor, Miss Cornelia F., Pliiladelpliia. Cyrus Griffin.\\nThomas. Douglass H., Maryland. John Hanson.\\nThornton, J. Wingalc, Massachusetts. Mattiiew Thornton.\\nThrockmorton, B. AV., New Jersey. John De Hart.\\nToner, J. 31., United States Army. John Morgan.\\nTravelli, Joseph S., Pennsylvania. Arthur St. Clair.\\nTrumbull, J. Hammond, Connecticut. Eliphalet Dyer.\\nT3 ler, Samuel, District of Columbia. Luther Martin.\\nWallace, John William, Philadelphia. Thomas Willing.\\nWestcott, Thompson, Philadelphia. James Smith.\\nWheeler, John H., North Carolina. Richard Dobbs Spaight.\\nWhitehead, William A., New Jersey. Richard Stockton.\\nWinthrop, Robert C, Massachusetts. Artemas Ward.\\nWood, George J., Connecticut. Oliver Ellsworth.\\nWoolsou, Miss Constance F., Florida. Henry Middleton.\\nAs the name of Charles Thomson resounded through the\\nHall, the chairman of the Committee turned to the Mayor\\nand officially announced the restoration, on that day, to the\\nchamber, of the last piece of furniture known to be outstand-\\ning and properly authentioatcd the identical desk used by\\nCharles Thomson as Secretary of Congress which has been\\nhanded down from generation to generation in the family of\\nFrancis Hopkinson, one of the Signers of the Declaration of\\nIndependence, and now deposited by his great-granddaughter,\\nMrs. E. A. Foggo, upon the specific trust and condition that\\nIndependence Chamber shall remain forever in the same state\\nas this day officially reported otherwise to be returned to\\nthe family.\\nThe Mayor gracefully accepted the table, and invited the\\nCongress of Authors, at the conclusion of their proceedings\\nin the chamber, to follow him to the platform erected in Inde-\\npendence Square, in order that the general public might par-\\nticipate in the ceremonial of tlie day.", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 43\\nTHE NATIONAL CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION.\\nANNIVERSARY OF JULY 2, 1776.\\nThe 2d day of July, 177G, will be the most memorable epocha iu the history of America. I am\\napt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generatioas as the great anniversary\\nfestival it ought to be commemorated as tbe day of doUverauce by solenm acts of devotion\\nto God Almighty. Lttier 0/ John Adams to his icife on Zd day of July, 177G.\\nCEREMONIES IN INDEPENDENCE SQUARE,\\nJuly I, 1876, at 12.30 P. M.\\nHon. John William Wallace, President of the Historical Society of Penn-\\nsylvania, will preside.\\nPROGRAMME.\\nCentennial Triumphal MAncn (Helfricii) Band.\\nIntroduction of the Presiding OiEcer by his Honor, Wm. S. Stoklev, M.ayor\\nof Philnilelphia.\\nAoniiESS by the Presiding CifBcer\\nCentennial Uymn. Words by Whittier. Music by Paine. CnORUS.\\nAddress William V. McKean, Esq., of Pennsylvania\\nGod Save America Band.\\nAddress Hon. Leveuett Saltonstall, of Massachusetts.\\nThk Voice of the Old Bell. Words by W. Bradsiiaw. Music by Miss\\nJolia S. Thompson Solo and Chords.\\nTbe Solo will be veodered by Mr. Geo. A. Co.si,Y.\\nAddress His Exceileney Henry Lippitt, Governor of Rhode Island.\\nNational Airs. Hermann Band.\\nAddress Hon. Frederick DePeyster, of New Yorlt.\\nCentennial Ode. Words by S. C. Upiiam. Music by Adam Geibel. Chords.\\nAddress Hon. L. Q. C. Lamar, of Mississippi.\\nCentennial Hymn Words by Wm. Fenimore. Music by- Wm. P. Feni-\\nMORE Chorus.\\nADDRES.S Hon. Ben.jamin Harris Brewster, of Pennsylvania.\\nThe Star Spangled Banner By Geo. A. Conly and Chorus.\\nBenediction Rev. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina.\\nHon. John B. Gordon, of Georgia, Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, and Hon.\\nJoel Parker, of New Jersey, it is expected, will also address the\\nassemblage.\\nThe Vocal and Instrumental Music, under the supervision of Mr. Simon Gr.\\\\tz,\\nby the Choral Society of the Centennial Musical Association; Leader, Jean Louis;\\nand the Military Band of the same Associ;ition Leader, Theo. Hermann, Conductor,\\nProf. Jean Louis.\\nBy order of the\\nCOMMITTEE ON RESTORATION OF INDEPENDENCE HALL,\\nCHARLES S. KEYSER,\\nMaster of Ceremonies.", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "44 THENATIONAL\\nThe platform, which had been built at the rear of the Hall,\\nwas occupied hj over five thousand people, and covered the\\nidentical ground from which the Declaration of Independence\\nwas first read and proclaimed to the people, bj- John Nixon,\\nupon the 8th of July, 1776.\\nDelegations were present from\\nThe United States Centennial Commission;\\nThe Foreign Commissioners to the Exposition\\nThe Historical Society of Pennsylvania\\nThe City authorities of Philadelphia\\nThe Clergy;\\nMembers of Congress and Officers of the Army and !N av3\\\\\\nAt exactly thirty minutes past twelve, the hour appointed\\nfor the exercises in tlie square, while the band played the\\nCentennial Triumplial March, the Hon. John William Wal-\\nlace, the President of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania,\\nescorted hy Hon. William S. Stokley, Mayor, appeared upon\\nthe stage.\\nADDRESS OF THE MAYOR.\\nOn arriving at the speakers stand, the Mayor, amid the\\napplause of the multitude, said\\nIt l)ecomes my pleasure to introduce to you Hon. John\\nWilliam Wallace, President of the Historical Society of Penn-\\nsylvania, who has consented to preside on this occasion.\\naddres.s of mr. wallace.\\nFellow-Citizens of the CTnited States, and Honored Guests\\nFROM MANY LaNDS\\nWe assemble this morning to commemorate one of the great\\ndays of our great year of freedom and independence a da}\\nnot less important tJian that illustrious Fourtli on which\\nwe seem to be already entering, and whicli we shall soon", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 45\\ncelebrate so grandly. Let me say a word as to the history\\nof thig 2d of July, and why we celebrate that day. The\\ngentleman whom I will introduce to you directly will speak,\\nperhaps, of it more fully. On the 7th of June, 1776, Richard\\nHenry Lee, of Virginia, that State of renowned and venerable\\nname, introduced into the Congress which assembled in yonder\\nchamber, this resolution\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of right\\nought to be, free and independent States; that they are\\nabsolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that\\nall political connection between them and the State of Great\\nBritain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.\\nOn the 2d of July, 1776 the day Mdiich we now commemo-\\nrate after our fathers had consulted much, and pondered\\nmuch, that resolution was passed and, so far as anything bu\\nactual and successful war could complete it, revolution was\\naccomj^lished, and the British Provinces of America were free\\nand independent States. We can understand, therefore, why\\nJohn Adams wrote as he did, on the Sd, to his wife, that the\\n2d of July would l)e the most memorable epocha in the history\\nof America, and that it would be celebrated by succeeding\\ngenerations as the great anniversary festival, be solemnized\\nwith pomp and parade, with shows, games, spoi ts, guns, bon-\\nfires, and illuminations, from one end of the Continent to the\\nother, from this time forward forevermore.\\nEverything relating to this great resolution is interesting to\\nall Americans, and I exhibit to you a facsimile of it, which\\nMr. Etting, at page 94 of his valuable book, recently published,\\nentitled An Historical Account of the Old State House of\\nPennsylvania, now known as the Hall of Independence, has\\ngiven to us from the original itself, in Mr. Lee s handwriting.\\nThe handwriting is as bold as John Hancock s.\\n[Mr. Wallace, holding up Mr. Etting s work, opened at\\npage 94, here exhibited the facsimile.]", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "46 THENATIONAL\\nThis resolution of the 2d, as I have said, was really the\\nact which made us independent of Great Britain. But Con-\\ngress, in those days, sat with closed doors. Its sessions were\\nsecret. But few outside knew that independence had been\\nresolved on, and therefore the Declaration, both of the act of\\nIndependence, and of the causes which imjrelled us to it that\\npaper rocpiired by a decent respect to the opinions of man-\\nkind was made in the most solemn form, and published to\\nthe world.\\nThe 2d and the 4tli of July are, therefore, complements of\\neach other. The 2d is, in truth, the beginning and the cause\\nof the 4th. Tlie 4th is the consummation and crown of\\nthe 2d.\\nAppreciating in this, its true and dignified value, the day\\nwinch we now commemorate, the Committee on the Restora-\\ntion of the Hall to whom we have been so greatlj indebted\\nfor much that gives effect to tlie present season this Commit-\\ntee, I say, some months ago, sent letters to the descendants of\\nthe men of 1776, to the historians of the country, her poets, her\\nmen of letters, and her antiquaries, summoning them to meet on\\nthis day in that venerable Hall on which you arc looking, and\\nthere to l)ring for preservation in that vast Museum, formed\\nby the efforts of that same Committee, protected b\\\\ the same\\nroof which protects the Hall of Independence and justly\\nstyled iSTational an authentic biograply of some of our eai-ly\\npatriots; thus to contribute to the erection of an imperishable\\nmonument to the memory of those whose deeds make the\\nglory of our land.\\nEesponding to this honorable call, these distinguished per-\\nsons have come from all parts of this wide republic as to a\\nsanctuary, and in the presence of that spiritual band whom\\nmental vision ever there summons up with the distinctness\\nof reality, they are now depositing in yonder hall, upon tlie\\ntable of John Hancock, as upon a shrine, tliese solemn docu-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "C K N T E N N I A L COMMEMORATION. 47\\nmcnts. So soou as they have performed this high office, they\\nwill present themselves on this platform, and you will have\\nthe pleasure of being addressed by some of them.\\nWhittier s Centennial Jlymn was then sung by the chorus.\\nAt the close of the music, the Congress of Authors, who\\nhad now finished their literary duties in the Hall, came for-\\nward and took their seats in a distinguished portion of the\\nplatform that had been prepared for them.\\nMr. Wallace then said I will present to you, as the first\\nspeaker, a gentleman of our own city who bears a patriot name.\\nHe is known more widelj by his pen than by his voice, and\\nhas far more readers than acquaintances. He will give you\\nan accurate historical sketch of matters relating to the day.\\nI introduce to you Mr. William V. McKean.\\nADDRESS OP MR. McKEAN.\\nMr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen:\\nIn your order of proceeding it is allotted to me to speak\\nof the events of July 1st and 2d, a hundred years ago events\\nwe are here to-day to commemorate. We are gathered in a\\nplace illustrious in its historic memories a place hallowed as\\nfar as any spot can be hallowed by human agency. There is\\nno other place in our country so intimately associated with\\nthe events that made and preserved us a nation.\\nHere, within these walls, the commission which, on the\\n17th of June, 1775, placed Washington at the head of the\\nAmerican army, was signed, attested and delivered into his\\nhands. Here, on the 15th of May, 1776, it was declaimed by\\nCongress that the exercise of every kind of authority by the\\ngovernment of Great Britain in the United Colonies should\\nbe totally suppressed, and that all the powers of government\\nshould be exercised iiuder the authority of the people of the", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "48 THENATIONAL\\nColonies. Here, on the 2d of July, 177G, was adopted the\\nresolution which, on that daj, declared the United Colonies\\nto he free and independent States. Here, two days later, July\\n4th, was adopted the immortal Declaration of that resolu-\\ntion, and of the reasons for the separation from Great Britain\\nhere it was signed, proclaimed, and sent forth on its heneficeut\\nmission to mankind. Here, later on, the government of the\\nConfederation was framed, signed, ratified and proclaimed\\nthose articles of confederation and perpetual union hetween\\nthe States, which kept them together and led the Avay to the\\nConstitution; and here, in 1787, was framed, signed and\\nordained that nohle structure of government the written\\nConstitution of the United States.\\nHere, too, and in the building at the Sixth Street corner of\\nthe square, for the greater part of twenty years after the Con-\\nfederation was proclaimed and the Constitution was ordained,\\nwas performed the labor of legislation and organization which\\nwas necessary to enable the yoinig nation to discharge its\\nduties, and to get the new government into working order.\\nAll these memorable and momentous things, and many more\\nin the history of the United States, were done here. You\\nknow what manner of men they were who performed those\\nadmiralile works, and in what reverence their memories are\\nheld.\\nIt was here within these walls that the merchants and\\nplanters, and farmers and mechanics, and lawyers, sent into\\nCongress by the then obscure and remote American Colonies,\\nbecame translated into statesmen whose political ability and\\nwisdom, whose public virtues, and whose dignity of action\\nchallenged the attention and won the admiration and praise\\nof the civilized world. Here they assembled not for a\\ncasual occasion only, or for a few days or weeks, but for long\\nmonths, and through many years not a portion of them onlj^,\\nbut all of that resplendent constellation of illustrious men", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COM MEJM ORATION. 49\\nwhose names illumine the early history of political and civic\\nevents in the United States. It would make a long catalogue\\nto recite them, and I shall not attempt it. The place where\\nwe arc now assembled was their public home. Here within\\nthese walls they sat and consulted\u00e2\u0080\u0094 here within these grounds\\nthey walked and pondered. These places were once vocal\\nwith their voices in anxious conference in undertoned con-\\nsultation and persuasion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in eloquent debate. If echoes were\\nimmortal things and could come back to us after the lapse of\\na hundred years, we might pause in reverence to-day, and\\nharken with stilled breath for the reverberation of their voices\\nin that chamber, and of their footfalls through that corridor\\nand in these grounds where we now are.\\nThen, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, it is with\\nreason, as well as from the impulses of patriotism, that we\\nregard this place not only as the historic centre of our\\ncountry, but as hallowed ground hallowed so far as any\\nearthly place can become so through the deeds of men, or by\\nthe work of human hands.\\nI have mentioned briefly some of the memorable and con-\\ntrolling deeds done in this place. That which is the imme-\\ndiate subject of commemoration to-day is the adoption by\\nCongress of Ricliard Henry Lee s Virginia Resolution, on the\\n2d of July, 1776, whereby all political connection between\\nthe United Colonies and the government of Great Britain\\nwas then totally dissolved, and the colonies were then declared\\nto be Free and Independent States. The consideration of\\nthat decisive Resolution had been postponed from the lOtii of\\nJune until the 1st of July, a hundred years ago to-day. The\\npatriots who were in favor of an immediate and formal de-\\nclaration of the separation of the Colonies from any further\\npolitical dependence upon the mother country, looked forward\\nto the arrival of that first day of July with great and anxious\\nsolicitude not that they doubted the adoption of the Resolu-\\n7", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "50 THENATIONAL\\nt ion of Independence b}^ a sufficient majority of tlie Colonies, for\\ntliat had been assured, but because of their earnest desire that\\nthe decisive act should go to the world as the unanimous voice\\nof all the Colonies represented in the Congress. During the\\nwhole of the interval between the 10th of June and the first of\\nJuly, Jefferson and John Adams, Chase and Rodney and\\nMcKean,andFrani clin and James Smith, and Jonathan D. Ser-\\ngeant and others, of course, but these particularly had been\\ndiligently at work to insure a unanimous vote of the Colonies.\\nTiie people were ready, but the delegates from some of the\\nColonies were not. These delegates were not less patriotic\\nthan their more advanced and decided colleagues, but they\\nAvere slow to say the final word tliat was to commit the\\npeople of their Colonies to the irrevocable Act of Separation\\nan act which would leave them no middle ground to stand\\nupon an act which must be fought out to victory by conflict\\nof arms on the battle field for failure there would leave\\nthem a conquered people, stripped of all their rights as\\npolitical communities.\\nOn the 10th of June, the day when the first debate on\\nRichard Henry Lee s Resolution was closed, the delegates\\nwho made up the majorities in the rej^rcseutation of six of\\nthe Colonies were still unprepared to vote for the final act of\\nseparation. Virginia and IN orth Carolina and Georgia were\\nready to vote for independence, so were Massachusetts and\\nConnecticut and New Hampshire and Rhode Island but the\\ndelegates from South Carolina were not, nor were those from\\nNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary-\\nland. This led to the postponement until the 1st of July a\\npostponement agreed to by the more resolute advocates of in-\\ndependence, in the full expectation that the interval of three\\nweeks would enable them to bring about entire unanimitj\\nBut so determined and certain were the leading delegates of\\nthe Colonies already prepared, that they resolved that, in", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 51\\norder tliat no time should be lost by this postponement, com-\\nmittees should be appointed to draft a Declaration, setting\\nforth the reasons for the Resolution of Independence, and to\\nprepare a form of Confederation for the future government of\\nthe Colonies. They and those who were like minded with\\nthem had no doubt as to the final issue but they kept ear-\\nncstl} and diligently at work. Jonathan D. Sergeant under-\\ntook the duty of bringing about a change in the delegation\\nfrom iS ew Jerse}- Samuel Chase went home to Maryland to\\nstimulate the convention of that Colony to send instructions\\nfor independence to their delegates in Congress; Cajsar Rodney\\nwent down into Sussex County, Delaware, to induce a more\\nfavorable tone in ijublic sentiment from that place; Thomas\\nMcKean, together with Benjamin Rush, Jas. Smith, and others,\\nset to work to procure a popular and favorable expression\\nfrom Pennsylvania. Thus the way was prepared for what it\\nwas hoped would be a unanimous, or nearly unanimous vote\\non the first of July. Public sentiment was being brought to\\nbear upon the hesitating members from four out of the six\\nuncertain Colonial delegations. The New York delegates re-\\nmained passive, neither opposing nor helping, as they deemed\\nthe whole subject of separation outside of their instructions\\nand South Carolina was too distant for such elibrts as were\\nput into motion in the near at hand Colonies of !N^ew Jersey,\\nDelaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Still her delegation\\nwas making progress, too.\\nAs early as the 15th of June Jonathan D. Sergeant wrote\\nto John Adams that the new Delegates about to be elected to\\nCongress from New Jersej would be in Philadelphia by the\\nfirst of July, and they would vote plump. Thej-, in fixct,\\narrived on Friday, June 28th, three of the new Delegates\\nbeing Dr. John Witherspoon, Richard Stockton, and Francis\\nHopkinson. Sergeant was entirely right about their senti-\\nments. New Jersey s voice was thus added to that of the", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "52 THENATIONAL\\nothers in favor of independence, making eight out of the\\nthirteen Colonies.\\nSamuel Chase had a more time-consuming task in Maryland.\\nThere the peojile were right enough, but the Convention of\\nthe Colony Avas difficult to move in the desii-ed dii ection. In\\norder to counteract that spirit, county conventions had to be\\ncalled, and pressure from them was brought to bear upon the\\nmembers of the Provincial Convention sitting at Annapolis.\\nThey were instructed by the jieople to withdraw the former\\ninstructions to the Maryland delegates in the Congress at\\nPhiladelphia, and to authorize and empower the latter to con-\\ncur with the other United Colonies, or a majority of them, in\\ndeclaring the United Colonies free and independent States.\\nThis was accomplished by the 28th of June, and on that day\\nCliase sent an express from Annapolis to John Adams, at\\nPliiladelphia, advi.^sing him of the successful result of liis mis-\\nsion. Under tlic stimulus of the popular uj)rising excited in\\nthe counties by Mr. Chase, the Annapolis Convention cast a\\nunanimous vote in favor of the instructions for indejaendence.\\nThe instructions were received and road in Congress on the\\n1st of July, a hundred years ago to-day possibly at this very\\nhour and thus the voice of Maryland was added to those of\\nthe other Colonies already prepared, making nine Colonies out\\nof the thirteen in favor of the Independence Resolution.\\nThe votes of four Colonies were still undecided, althougli\\nthat of Delaware was sure if Rodney should get back in time.\\nHe was still in Sussex, leaving his delegation in Congress\\nevenly divided George Read being against the resolution,\\nwhilst McKean was in favor of it. In the mean time, and as\\nearly as the 25th of June, Rush, and Smith, and McKean and\\nothers had procured a declaration from a popular Provincial\\nConference representing the people of the counties of Pennsyl-\\nvania, expressing their willingness to concur in a vote by Con-\\ngress declaring independence, and this was read in Congress", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMESIORATION. 53\\nTuesday, June 2otli. Even this did not decide the vote of\\nPennsylvania, for all but three of her delegates still remained\\nof the contrary opinion. No change was brought about in\\nthe New York delegation, and none that was decisive in that\\nfrom South Carolina.\\nThis was the condition of affairs when the momentous First\\nday of July, 1776, arrived the day to which the further con-\\nsideration of Richard Henry Lee s Virginia Resolution had\\nbeen postponed. Nine colonies were sure to vote for it, and\\nten, if Rodney should arrive from Delaware before the vote\\nwas called. Pennsylvania and South Carolina were still ad-\\nverse, and New York declined to take part, as the whole\\nsubject of separation and independence was outside of their\\ninstructions. Upon meeting that First of July, Congress went\\ninto Committee of the Whole House, to take up the resolution.\\nDr. Withersjioon and his New Jersey colleagues, being new\\nmembers, desired to hear the arguments pro and con for and\\nagainst a declaration of independence. The reasons were\\ngiven on both sides but, witli the exception of two or three\\nmembers, it is uncertain who spoke. Richard Henry Lee, the\\nmover of the Resolution, was absent in Virginia, because of\\nsickness in his family Jefterson, who was a power with his\\npen and in committee, was no speaker on the floor of the\\nHouse; Chase was still absent in Maryland, and Rodney had\\nnot yet returned from Delaware. It is known, however, that\\nJohn Dickinson stated the case of the opposition to the Reso-\\nlution, and that John Adams was the great champion of\\nIndependence on that day. It is not unlikely that young\\nRutledge, of South Carolina, described by Patrick Ileni-y as\\nthe most eloquent speaker in Congress, and James Wilson, of\\nPennsylvania, and R. R. Livingston, of New York, supported\\nDickinson and that George Wythe, of Virginia, and Dr.\\nWitherspoon supported the argument of Adams. But all ac-\\ncounts agree that John Adams was the pillar, the colossus", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "54 T II K N A T r N A L\\nof the jiarty of Independence on the floor of Congress that\\nday, and in the preceding dehate in Jnnc, and tliat his first of\\nJuly speech made a powerful impression l)y its vigorous logic\\nand its noble eloquence. What a privation to this age it is\\nthat we liave no authentic contemporary record of that great\\ndebate, so pregnant with the i uture destiny of the American\\npeople\\nOn the evening of July first John Adams wrote to Samuel\\nChase that the debate took up most of the day. Jeft erson\\nwrote in 1787 that the debate lasted nine hours until eve-\\nning without refreshment and without pause. Then the\\nvote was taken in Committee of the Whole. Xine Colonies\\nMassachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island,\\nJSTew Jei sey, Maryland, Virginia, !N orth Carolina, and Georgia\\nvoted for the Resolution. Two Colonies Pennsylvania\\nand South Carolina voted against it. Delaware was evenly\\ndivided, as Rodney was still absent, and New York, at the\\nrequest of her delegation, was allowed to withdraw from the\\nvote, having no new instructions.\\nThis vote, Mr. Chairman, you will remember, was taken in\\nCommittee of the Whole, and had yet to be considered in the\\nHouse. The committee rose and reported their action to the\\nHouse, and the vote was about to be taken there, when, ac-\\ncording to the plain and brief phraseology of the official\\nrecord, the resolution of the committee was read, and the\\ndetermination thereof was at the request of a colony post-\\nponed until to-morrow.\\nTiiis In-ings us to the second day of July, 1776, the real date\\nof the birth of the United States as an independent nation.\\nThe Colony, at whose request the vote had been postponed the\\nday before, was South Carolina. The suggestion was made by\\nI]dward Rutledge, who, according to Jefferson s notes made at\\nthe time, said that he believed that his colleagues, although\\nthey disapproved of the resolution, might then join in it for the", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 55\\nsake of unaninntj. Wheu the vote came to be taken on tlie\\n2d of July, Pennsylvania reversed her adverse vote of the day\\nbefore. That came ahout through two of the opposition\\ndelegates absenting themselves, leaving three in tavor of the\\nresolution, to two against it. Rodney had arrived by express\\nsent after him into Delaware, and liis presence enabled Dela-\\nware to cast her vote for the resolution. When South Carolina\\nwas called, she, according to the intimation given by Rutledge,\\nreversed her vote, and thus made the vote unanimous with the\\nexception of that of I^ew York, whose delegates still stood\\naloof not voting, l)ecause they had no instructions, but de-\\nclaring that individually they were in favor of the resolution.\\nOn the 9th of July, the N^ew York Convention unanimously\\napi^roved the resolution and the declaration.\\nThe official record of these proceedings is in the following\\nwords\\nTuesday, July 2d, 1776. The Congress resumed the con-\\nsideration of the resolution from the Committee of the Whole,\\nwhich was agreed to, as follows\\nResolved, That these United Colonies are, and of right\\nought to be, free and independent States that they are ab-\\nsolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all\\npolitical connection between them and the State of Great\\nBritain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.\\nFi-om the hour when that vote was taken, and that record\\nmade, the United States of America assumed among the\\npowers of the earth the separate and equal station to which\\nthe laws of nature and of nature s God entitle them. It is\\nthe Centennial anniversary of that great event the most\\nmomentous event in the political history of mankind that\\nyou are commemorating by your pi-esence here to-day.\\nAnd now, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, indulge\\nme while I say that the brief and somewhat dry narrative\\nwhich you have complimented, by giving it your attention, is", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "56 THENATIONAL\\nmade up from tlie meagre journals of the Colonial Congress,\\nand from the facts, as I have found them scattered through the\\ntwenty volumes of the voluminous writings of Thomas Jeft er-\\nson and John Adams. With but two or three unimportant\\nexceptions, I have used none but the writings that were con-\\ntemporaneous with the events described. And here I think I\\nmay do a puljlic service by correcting a very general error. I\\nhave seen it set down in the writings of men possessing some\\ncelebrity as authors, that Jefterson s narrative of the events of\\nthe second and fourth days of July, 1776, was written from\\nmemory when he was a very old man. This is a mischievous\\nerror. His narrative was published in Paris, in August, 1787,\\nwhilst he was Minister to France, and ^vhen he was but forty-\\nthree years of age. The error grew out of the hasty reading\\nof a celebrated letter of Jefierson s to Samuel A. Wells, dated\\nMay 12, 1819; but in that very letter he declares, with solemn\\nemphasis, that the narrative therein contained is extracted\\nfrom his original notes, made in his place in Congress, while\\nthe question of independence was under consideration before\\nCongress, w Inch notes, he adds, I have now before me, and\\nfor the truth of which I pledge myself to heaven and earth.\\nHe is a bold man who reads that testimony and then under-\\ntakes to say that Jefferson s narrative of what passed in Con-\\ngress connected with Lee s Resolution and the Declaration of\\nIndependence was written from memory, when his memory\\nwas enfeebled by age.\\nI am thus particular, Mr. Chairman, because the history of\\nthose grand and momentous events has been falsitied by many\\nimaginative pictures by fancy and by fiction to a degree\\nthat has almost excluded the true history from the popular\\nmind. Some of these fanciful fictions have been issued in\\nbook form in this city, within this Centennial year.\\nI ask your pardon for this short departure from the imme-\\ndiate theme of the day, and will now conclude mj- share in", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 57\\nthe liroceedings. The great importance the decisive and\\ncontrolling character of the Resolution of Independence,\\nadopted on the Second day of July, 1776, have been obscured\\nto the popular vision i)\\\\- the fame and splendor of Jefferson s\\ninjmortal Declaration of the reasons for the adojjtiou of that\\nresolution. Yet Jefferson himself never allowed the one to\\novershadow in his estimation the importance of the other.\\nThe Declaration, in his mind, was intended to he an appeal\\nto the tribunal of the world as a justification of what had\\nalready been done. It was intended, he says, to be an ex-\\npression of the American mind, and to give that expression\\nthe proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion, to\\nplace before mankind the common sense of the subject in\\nterms so plain and firm as to command their assent. Yet\\nthe Declaration of Iiidependence has dislodged the Resolution\\nof Independence from the place of precedence in the popular\\nmind, and the Fourth of July has displaced the Second as the\\nnation s holiday, and the patriot s high festival and this is\\neasy enough to understand when we consider the circum-\\nstances. The Resolution was passed in private session, and\\nremained unknown to the people generally until it and the\\nDeclaration were publicly proclaimed together. There was\\nnotliing in the phrasing of the Resolution to cause it to live\\nin the popular memory whilst there was everything in the\\nDeclaration to give it a vital hold upon the affections of the\\nAmerican people. It was so pre-eminently \u00e2\u0096\u00a0the expression of\\nthe American mind of that day, that people of every degree\\nadopted it as their own. So it has i-emained. Its terse, forci-\\nble, and unanswerable arraignment of the Government of the\\nmother country for tlie suppression of the rights and liberties\\nof the American colonists its clear and compact statement\\nof the basis of all just government the consent of the\\ngoverned and its grand exposition of the inherent and", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "i)0 THENATIONAL\\ninalienable rights of mankind have made it an ever-living\\npolitical gospel.\\nIndependence Day must, therefore, remain insejiarably\\nconnected with the Fourth of July the day of the Declara-\\ntion, and not the day of the Resolution. Yet John Adams\\nhad reason for writing to his wife on the 3d day of Jul}, 1776,\\nthat yesterday the greatest question was decided which ever\\nwas debated in America, and a greater, perhaps, never was\\nnor will be decided among men. Tbat will live as truth\\namong all Americans who know and value the history of their\\ncountry. His prediction that that day would be celebrated\\nby succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival,\\nthe most memorable epocha in tlie histor}^ of America, has\\nfailed in the precise fulfilment but it is vicariously fulfilled\\nby the universal celebration of the Fourth. But his prophetic\\nvision was not entirely at fault and his prayer had not gone\\nwithout answer. On the morning of the first of July, 1776,\\nanticipating Indei^endence in that day s vote, he wrote from\\nPennsylvania to Archibald Bullock, May Heaven prosj-jcr\\nthe new-born Republic, and make it more glorious than any\\nformer republics have been And on the third he wrote\\nto Mrs. Adams, after the adoption of the Resolution of Inde-\\npendence, Through all the gloom I can see the ra\\\\-s of\\nravishing light and glory and posterity will triumph in\\nthis day s transactions.\\nHe, with Jefferson, lived until the 4th of July, 182G, and\\ndeparting tliis life together on that day, had seen a full half\\ncentury of the heaven-sent prosperity of the young Republic;\\nand Adams witnessed the gathering of that light and glory\\nwhose advancing rays he had foreseen through the dark gloom\\nof the Revolution. They were a joy to his patriotic e^-es but\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0what raptures would he have experienced if he could have had\\nprc-vision of the coming glories of the ausjiicious days of this\\nCentennial jom- the pre-vision of a nation of forty-four mil-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 59\\nlions, extending from ocean to ocean across the Continent, and\\nacross twenty-three degrees of latitude, skilled in all arts, rival-\\nling the Old World in the raising and making of all articles\\nof need, abounding in rich resources, the wilderness of the\\nwest transformed into an inexhaustible granary for the neces-\\nsities of other countries, and standing the acknowledged equal,\\nin all respects, with the foremost political powers of the earth\\nthe pre-vision of the assembled nations here in this hundredth\\nyear of American Independence all of them, the oldest and\\nthe youngest the most populous and most powerful, with the\\nhumblest and feeblest the empire and the municipality the\\nliberal monarchy and the limited republic the democracy\\nand the autocracy the Christian, Mohammedan, and Pagan\\nEurope, Asia, Africa, America, the islands of the Sea, and\\nantipodal Australia which, in 1776, was an unknown quan-\\ntity on the map of the world all the nations assembled in the\\nmagnificent industrial palaces erected by the people of the\\nAmerican Republic assembled with their multitudinous use-\\nful products and rich treasures, in peaceful emulation, to pro-\\nmote the progress and pi osperity of mankind in the interests\\nof universal peace assembled in commemoration of the hun-\\ndredth year of American Independence, with their choice men\\nof learning and science, and art and skill, to manifest the\\ngoodwill and high estimation they hold towards the great\\nnation, the deep foundations of which he and his compatriots\\nlaid a hundred years ago if some new apocalypse could have\\ndisclosed all this to his yearning eyes, what an enrapturing\\nrevelation would that have been\\nMr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen I do not often give\\nrein to exalted speech after that fashion, but exalting influ-\\nences are in the air all about us in these days. We do well\\nto note and to celebrate the memorable epochs and the momen-\\ntous events that have called us here to-day, and to keep freshly\\nbefore us the example of the great and good and wise men,", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "60 THENATIONAL\\nwithout Avliose wisdom, and virtue, and patriotism, no such\\ndays or events would have a place in our history. This is a\\ngood service, hut we can do a hotter. We can, if we will,\\nkeep their example hefore us, and try to follow in their foot-\\nsteps every day in the year, and eveiy year of our lives. We\\ncan endeavor to practise their puhlic virtue, and hring our\\nbest political ability, and our highest standard of character, to\\nthe support and administration of tlie Constitution and the\\ngovernment which they founded, in order to form a more per-\\nfect Union, to establish justice, to insure domestic tranquillity,\\nto promote the general welfare, and to secure the blessings of\\nliberty for themselves and their posterity.\\nGod save America was then played by the Ijand, after\\nwhich Mr. Wallace came forward and said:\\nThe name of Saltonstall is one of the early honored names\\nof Massachusetts; and its honor has been kept in perennial\\nfreshness by a succession of descendants who have added new\\ntitles of respect to those long ago acquired by the ancient\\nGovernor who bore it. It comes, indeed, to this very day\\nand hour with distinction in the person of one whom I intro-\\nduce to you, the Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, of ^lassachusetts.\\nREMARKS OP MR. SALTONSTALL.\\nAs I stand hei e and look at that glorious old hall and call\\nto mind the fact that it was here where, one hundred years\\nago, transpired that great, one might say, that greatest of all\\nevents of history -the passage. of the resolution introduced\\nby Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, and seconded b^- John\\nAdams, that these United Colonies are and of right ought\\nto be//-fe and independent States that they are absolved from\\nall allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political con-\\nnection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 61\\nof .right ought to be, totally dissolved wlien I think of the\\nmen who were here assembled the Adamses, Gerry, Paine,\\nHancock, Hopkins, Sherman, Wolcott, Livingston, Morris,\\nRush, Franklin, Carroll, Lee, Jefferson, Rutledge, Middleton,\\nand otliers wliose names are dear to every American heart a\\nbody of men of Avhom Lord Chatham declared that in all\\nhis reading and observation and he had read Thueydides and\\nliad studied and admired the master States of the \\\\\\\\orld that\\nfor solidity of reasoning, force of sagacity, and wisdom of\\nconclusion, under such a complication of circumstances, no\\nnation or body of men can stand in preference to the gene-\\nral Congress at Philadelphia; and when I think that that\\nresolution not only made of those feeble colonies a great\\nrepublic, but has brought life and hope to all the civilized\\nworld, I feel greatly honored in being asked to speak in this\\npresence for the ancient Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and\\nno less embarrassed to find words to express my thoughts\\nupon this glorious theme, l^or should I have had this honor\\nhad it not been that that eminent patriot and scholar, the\\nHon. Robert C. Winthrop, of Boston, whose ancestor crossed\\nthe ocean in the same ship with my own, two hundred and\\nforty-six years ago, was prevented from being here to-daj\\nAnd Massachusetts, surely all will agree, is the last State\\nwhich should be absent on this great day, from this most\\nimposing occasion. It may well bo said that the Declaration\\nof Independence was the glorious fruit of that tree whose\\ngerm was nurtured in the cabin of the May-Flower, one\\nhundred and fifty-six years before.\\nDuring that whole century and a half there was seldom a\\nperiod when a conflict did not exist between the colonists and\\nthe crown and, thanks to God, there were always to be found\\nin Massachusetts stalwart supporters of the rights and liber-\\nties of the people. They never swerved nor flinched, but\\nwere true sires of the men who were to act their part in the", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "62 THENATIONAL\\ngreater struggle; so that when the time came which sum-\\nmoned the colonists to meet their oppressors in arms, the ter-\\nrible necessity came to a peojile who had undoubtedly foreseen\\nthe dire event.\\nTo no man does the title of Pioneer of the Revolution\\nmore truly belong than to Samuel Adams. The last of the\\nPuritans, as he has been styled, he certainly united in his\\ncharacter all the best traits of his Puritan ancestry. From\\nthe day he left college, when he took for the theme of his\\ndisquisition Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme\\nmagistrate, if the commonwealth cannot otherwise be pre-\\nserved, to the day of his death, this brave, far-seeing man\\nwalked majesticallj on, caring never for himself, but only for\\nthe liberties of his country. Gov. Hutchinson said of him,\\nsuch is the obstinacy and inflexible disposition of the man,\\nhe never can be conciliated by any otRce or gift whatever.\\nHis feet were ever in the stirrups, his lance was ever in its\\nrest, saj S Jefferson.\\nIt is related of him that, on the morning of the battle of\\nLexington, as he was retreating before the British troops, he\\nremarked to a friend, This is a fine day I mean, a gloi-ious\\nday for America. The man who first saw that the great\\nquestion must result in an appeal to arms the man who first\\ntried to prepare his fellow-citizens to meet the great issue\\nMassachusetts does well at this hour to send his marble statue\\nto the capital of the nation, which owes its existence in a\\ngreat degree to the sagacity, the firmness, and the courage of\\nthis, her noble son.\\nNor can I forbear to speak, also, of his great kinsman and\\ncoadjutor, John Adams their names ai-e so intimately asso-\\nciated in a common glory that to speak in praise of the one is\\nto eulogize the other the man whom Jefi:erson styled the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Colossus of that Congress; whom Richard Stockton declared\\nto be the Atlas of Independence who, possessing the great", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL CO MJI EM ORATION. 63\\ngift of impassioned eloquence, knew how to keep silent when,\\nin ignorance of the true condition of affairs in Massachusetts,\\nother colonies were not prepai ed for the question of independ-\\nence; but always ready to speak when occasion required, so\\nthoroughly acquainted was he with everj question which\\ncame before Congress, and so admirably trained were his facul-\\nties in debate, possessing a power of thought and expression\\nwhich, according to Jefferson, moved the members from\\ntheir seats. The devoted husband of an admirable wife, the\\nfond father, loving his home, but placing before all things else\\nhis country, devoting his life to her cause, he was spared to\\nsee his prophetic vision fulfilled when, on tlie 2d of July, one\\nhundred years ago, he exclaimed: yet through all the gloom\\nI can see the rays of ravishing light and glory. I can see that\\nthe end is worth more than all the means, and that posterity\\nwill triumph in this day s transactions, even although we\\nshould rue it, which I trust in God we shall not.\\nHow touching is it to think of the devotion of these men,\\nthe two Adamses, leaving their native State, her ports closed,\\nthe doors of her courts barred, her industries dead, her people\\nin a state of starvation, her capital occupied by the army of\\nthe enemy; parting from loving wives and children without\\nauy cheering assurance of meeting them again turning their\\nhorses heads for Philadelphia, here to meet the leading spirits\\nof sister colonies, of whose names they may have heard, but\\nof whose views, wishes, and purposes, they had but a most\\nimperfect knowledge. So far at least as any positive aggres-\\nsions of the mother country were concerned, Massachusetts\\nperhaps, stood alone; but her delegates, of whatever else they\\nmay have doubted, were sure of the ready sympatliy and the\\nhearty good-will of those patriotic men whom the same call\\nhad summoned to this ancient revolutionary city.\\nIt took more than a fortnight in those days to travel from\\nBoston to Philadelphia. The journey lay through a scarcely", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "64 THENATIONAL\\nsettled countiy, occujiied, witli tlie exception of a few towns,\\ndistant from each other, by simple yeomen, who must have\\ngazed with wonder, if not suspicion, upon the strangers, com-\\ning from so remote a jjlace as Boston. And now the trip can\\nbe made between the sunrise and sunset of a summer da}\\ntraversir.g a country beautifully cultivated, through great\\ncities, huge factories of every kind greeting the eye of the\\ntraveller, and the hum of varied industry tilling his ear.\\nGreat steamships lie at anchor in tlie harbors, and the yellow\\nharvest falls before the march of the reaping machine. The\\nelectric wires, thanks to Boston s son but Philadelphia s pa-\\ntriot sage, are transmitting intelligence c^nicker than the\\nlightning s flash from one side of the continent to the other,\\nand even under the ocean to continents beyond.\\nTruly said Joljn Adams, the day will be celebrated by\\nsucceeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It\\nought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by\\nsolemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be\\nsolemnized with pomp and jiarade, with shows, games, sports,\\nguns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this\\ncontinent to the other, from this time forward, forevei more.\\nBut let me not close without saying, what I can as a sou of\\nMassachusetts say from my heart, that as one hundred years\\nago Pennsylvania received the delegates from the other Colo-\\nnies, and though at the outset not herself prepared to join\\nMassachusetts and Virginia in their extreme measures, yet\\nyielded them her cordial sympathy, and exposed herself, as\\nthe gathering-place of the Rebel Congress, to the severe retal-\\niatory measures of Great Britain, becoming in the end, as she\\nhas since continued to he, one of the most generous and de-\\nvoted of the sisterhood of States so now has Pennsylvania,\\nand especially this good city of Philadelphia, almost alone\\nand under every form of discouragement, carried out this\\nmagnificent project of a great centennial celebration and all", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 65\\nthe nations of the earth have heen invited and have come\\nhither, bringing with them their superb treasures of art and\\nindustry, to take part with us in the national celebration of\\nour natal day. Not alone the nations of Europe and South\\nAmerica, but from the far East China with her four hundred\\nmillions of people the Islands of Japan, so recently opened\\nto the world by peaceful influences, under our own brave\\nPerry Egypt, with her forty centuries of history coming to\\nexchange greetings with this young nation but most touch-\\ning of all, Great Britain, from whose loins we sprung, with,\\nher colonies, man^^ of which, one hundred years ago, were\\nunknown to civilized man, laying aside old prejudices, has\\nbrought hither and displa^ ed to the world the rich products\\nof her looms, lier worksiiops, and ateliers with a lavishness\\nthat calls for our warmest admiration, and seems to bid us\\ntake notice that she too has been busy these last hundred\\nyears.\\nI say, then, that I enns^ lvania has well earned her title of\\nKeystone to this mighty arch of the Union by her record of\\nthe past, and not less by her boldness and perseverance in con-\\nceiving and carrying out the plan of this great International\\nExhibition.\\nMay our people profit, as they ought, by this great educator\\nmay they come from the very extremities of the Hepublic,\\nand meet here to rejoice together with grateful hearts, and to\\nrevive in each other s breasts tlie memories of ancestral vir-\\ntues, so that in the next century we may show the nations of\\nthe world the best results of Republican institutions, as in\\nthe last we have held up to them the beacon-light of freedom.\\nA new Centennial ode, entitled The Voice of the Old\\nBell, was then sung. Tlie music is by Mr. W. Bradshaw,\\nand the words by Miss Julia S. Thompson. The solo parts\\nwere sung by the well-known basso, Mr. George A. Conly.\\n9", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "66 THENATIONAL\\nThe piece was encored, and Mr. Conlj sang his part again.\\nAt its conclusion Mr. Wallace rose and said:\\nYou will now hear from the State of Ehode Island hut\\nbefore you so liear, may I not apostrophize her in the lau-\\nguageof one of her own bards, writing in times when lawless\\nviolence sought to subvert her old and honored government\\nOh gallant land of bosoms true,\\n(^till bear that stainless shield\\nThat ANCHOR clung the tempest through,\\nThat HOPE untaught to yield.\\nThe name of Lippitt comes to us with honor from the war\\nof the Revolution. Col. Christopher Lippitt fought at White\\nPlains, at Trenton, and at I rinceton, and in all fought with\\nbravery and skill. His grandson, the present wise and re-\\nspected Governor of Ehode Island, will now speak to you. I\\nintroduce the Hon. Henry Lippitt, of Rhode Island.\\nREMARKS OP (GOVERNOR LIPPITT.\\nMr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen:\\nFinding myself on the list of speakers for to-day, the only\\nGovernor of a State who will address j ou, I feel that it is pro-\\nper to sa} something of the revolutionary career of the little\\nState I have tlie honor to represent. Rhode Island is so small,\\nthat her sons must speak when opportunity is ofiered them,\\nor she may be forgotten.\\nThe distinguished gentleman from Massachusetts who has\\njust preceded me, has carried us back to Plymouth Rock, and\\nreferred, in glowing terms, to the sentiments of the compact\\non the Mayilower. I trust, sir, that I may therefore be\\nallowed to call your attention to that glorious aimouncement\\nmade two hundred and forty years ago by our great founder,\\nRoger Williams, when he proclaimed to all the world that he\\nhad established a State on the then unheard-of principle, that", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAI, COMMEMORATION. 67\\nHere is an asylum where every one has the right to worship\\nGod according to the dictates of his own conscience. Tiiis\\ngreat principle antedates and underlies all political liberty; it\\nis now recognized as the foundation of all our State Constitu-\\ntions, and without its practical application, we coidd enjoy no\\nreal political freedom.\\nI claim, sir, for my little State, that her sons shed the first\\nblood of the Revolution. On the night of the 9th of June,\\n1772, four years before the Declaration of Independence, about\\nforty stalwart men gathered together in the streets of Provi-\\ndence, organized themselves, went down Xarragansett Bay,\\nattacked His Britannic Majesty s Sloop of War Gaspee,\\nwounded the commander, captured the vessel, and destroyed\\nher before morning. This daring and successful act was un-\\ndertaken by these men, with the full knowledge that, if they\\nescaped the bullets of the enemy in front, they were liable to\\nbe hung for their disloyalty but such was the universal sen-\\ntiment of the community in their favor, that no evidence could\\nbe found to convict them. Our State was the tirst to move\\nofficially in favor of the creation of an American navy, and\\nfurnished the first American admiral, in the person of Esek\\nHopkins, who was regularly apjwinted by Congress to that\\nhigh office. In June, 1775, one year before the Declaration,\\nthe Legislature of Rhode Island fitted out two armed vessels,\\nand placed them under the command of Al)raham Whipple,\\nwith the title of Commodore. Whijjple was one of the origi-\\nnators and leaders of the Gaspee expedition, and a man of\\ngreat energy a)id determined bravery. On his wa} to sea he\\nfired the first regular broadside into the British fleet, lying off\\nthe harbor of Il^ewport, that as discharged by an American\\nnaval vessel against the English navy.\\nThere is one exploit of this man, which is so characteristic,\\nthat I trust I may be pardoned for mentioning it here. Dur-\\ning one of his voyages, he encountered the homeward bound", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "68 THENATIONAl.\\nJamaica fleet, consisting of nearly 150 sail, and convoyed by\\nseveral ships of war. He concealed bis guns, boisted Britisb\\ncolors, and joined the fleet, sailing in tbeir company several\\ndaj S. After nigbtfall each day be cautiously captured one of\\ntbe vessels, manned ber from bis own crew, and despatcbed\\nber bomeward, so as to be out of sigbt before morning. In\\ntbis way be captured ten ricbly laden vessels, eigbt of wbicb\\narrived safely in American ports. A gallant exploit, wortby\\nof emulation by our brave tars of tbe present day.\\nBut, Mr. Chairman, I will not further weary you with these\\ndetails before closing, I wish to thank tbe men of Pennsyl-\\nvania, of Philadelphia, for what they have done for tbis great\\nCentennial Exhibition. It is in consequence of your liberality\\nand untiring efforts that the Exhibition has been held. Those\\nwho live outside of your State feel tbis immense debt of grati-\\ntude more than you ajipreciate. All honor, then, to tbe State\\nof Pennsylvania, to tbe city of Philadelphia, for their glorious\\nwork, crowned with success.\\nMy own State has done what she could to promote the suc-\\ncess of the Exhibition. She has sent you many specimens of\\nthe product of ber industry; but, above all, she has produced\\nthat monster engine whicli forms such a conspicuous object in\\ntbe centi e of Machinery Hall, where it stands as a monument\\nof its own magnificent proportions. With tbe power of more\\nthan an army witli banners, it takes charge of the exhibit of\\ntbe mechanical industry- of the country, and sets tbe myriad\\nwheels in motion contained in a space of more than fifteen\\nacres.\\nIn behalf of the citizens of Rhode Island, I wish to thank\\nthe authorities and citizens of Philadelphia for what you have\\ndone towards tbe restoration of Independence Hall. This edi-\\nfice belongs not to you alone, but to tbe citizens of our whole\\ncountry. I charge you to take care of it let no Vandal bands,\\nunder tbe plea of improvement, alter or destroy its fair pro-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 69\\nportions. Let it be forever preserved as we find it to-day.\\nEvery year that we go away from this anniversary, it will\\nbecome more and more sacred to our children; they will come\\nup here from all jiartsof our common country, draw new inspi-\\nrations of laatriotism from its walls, and bless God that we have\\nsuch a country.\\nA number of national airs were then played by the band,\\nand were loudly cheered.\\nMr. Wallace then rose and said\\nAmong our highest pleasures to-day is the presence of the\\nHon. Frederick De Peyster, of New York, and President of\\nthe Historical Society of that State; a worthy representative\\nof that early citizen of New Amsterdam, Johainies De Peyster,\\ndistinguished for his integrity in many oifices of trust under\\nboth Dutch and English Colonial rule, and with whose name\\nyou are acquainted. No worthier representative, no repre-\\nsentative more welcome, could the Historical Society of New\\nYork send to us this day. I introduce to you with peculiar\\npleasure the Hon. Frederick De Peyster, of New York.\\nREMARKS OF MR. DE PEYSTER.\\nFellow-Citizens\\nThe event we are here assembled on this memorable spot to\\ncelebrate, is one that announces to the world the stability of\\nthe American Republic, tested by the century which to-mor-\\nrow ushers in its successors. Where, in the vast past, is its\\nexemplar? Its bounds are the \\\\%ast oceans which roll along its\\nextensive coasts, and nations, easterly, senile in contrast, and,\\nwesterly, creeping into maturity, realms where all is to be\\nfound, save that enei-gy which has made our Republic what it\\nis. Many of us who are now present, were a few minutes since\\nin the very Hall adjacent, where the signers of the Declaration", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "70 T II E N A T I N A L\\nof Independence made their names immortal, liavc come into\\nthis open area, where the vei-y sun sliining over us seems hy\\nliis servant-rays to glow in sympathy with the enkindled\\nflame of patriotic ardor which animates every loyal sonl here\\nand throughout this great and glorious republic.\\nYou to-day have here already heard eloquent words in refe-\\nrence to the memorable individuals who imrticipated in the\\ntimes that tried men s souls of the patriots who first demon-\\nstrated those vital, pregnant verities, now made deathless.\\nIt was a memoi able saying of a Lord Chancellor of England\\nthat, from the father were derived, chiefly the moral quali-\\nties, but froni the mother, the intellectual. Whether or not\\nthis saying is true or incorrect, it is not now m^- intention to\\ninvestigate. It is here introduced, because this reflection is\\nsuggestive of a subject-matter whicli deserves especial conside-\\nration on an occasion so interesting as the jDresent, when the\\ninfluences which shaped, and the minds which originated, the\\nvital measures previously mentioned, deserve especial regard.\\nThe glorious document, the asgis of our national character,\\ncontained, as has been said, glittering generalities. It need-\\ned, alas, the blood of patriotic men to weld the substance thus\\nmisrepi esented, into adamantine solidity, perishable onl} with\\nthe national faith, that cannot die. And have the men of\\nAmerica- alone wrought out these existing results? Look\\nback upon the past, and hear the deathless notes which pro-\\nclaim the mother s intellectual training of her offspring;\\nlikewise, the daughter, recalling the mother s virtuous teach-\\ning, when assuming, in her turn, the duties of a wife and\\nmother, aid in f)erpetuating this influence, and assist in giving\\nvigor to manly thought, and its teachings. ^hall not the\\nmother and the wife of the Father of his Country receive\\nthis day a tribute worthy of the influence which made the son\\nand husband, First in the hearts of his countrymen\\nThe susceptible nature of the growing child, gradually influ-", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 71\\nenced by the tender, watcliful, and judicious training of the\\nmother, is as the plastic clay under the skilful touch of the\\nmaster sculptor, taking, almost imperceptibly, its loveliest\\nshajie. The watchful care of the loving mother ever exerted\\nto guard and keep her jewels; her pure and gentle counsels,\\nand her tender admonitions, act on her offspring as the sculp-\\ntor s touch upon the marble, and eventually insures an ample\\nreward. The famed Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi, fur-\\nnishes us an illustration familiar to every student. Where, in\\ntlic annals of the old or of the new world, shall a mother be\\nfound who can proudly, and bej ond comparison, say of her son\\nas Mary, the mother of Washington, might with truth have\\nsaid of her unparalleled son, Here is my jewel, without com-\\npare, the brightest jewel recorded in history.\\nLet us now review the circumstances which were instru-\\nmental in placing Washington in a position, resulting from\\nthe Declaration of Independence, and which eventually led to\\nits consummation.\\nIn America, the tirst attempt to secure the benefits arising\\nfrom harmony of thought and action, which in a national body\\nof earnest men is so apt to follow thorough discussion, was\\nmade by William Penn, whose abilit\\\\ and wisdom led him to\\nperceive that some concert of action sliould be adopted for the\\nsettlement of difficulties and disputes between the provinces,\\nand in order that their integrity as well as the safety of their\\ninhabitants might be rendered more secure. To this end he\\nproposed, as early as 1697, to the Board of Trade a Plan for\\na Union of the Colonies in America.\\nThe attempt of France to shut out, so to speak, the English\\nsettlements in North America from tlie vast opportunities for\\ngain arising from free intercourse with the interior of the\\ncountry, and the attempt of this nation to secure the aid of\\nthe Indian tribes in a contest the result of which could not\\nfor a moment be a matter of doubt, were it not that such ad-", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "72 THENATIONAL\\nventitious aid was invoked or employed led to a proposal for\\na Congress (similar to that \u00e2\u0096\u00a0uliich Penn had suggested) which\\nwas originally devised by a former Lieutenant-Governor of\\nPennsylvania, Sir William Keith. This gentleman, in 1739,\\nrecommended to the ministry of Great Britain a method for\\nthe formation of a union of the Colonies in America, the j^lan\\nproposed being that delegates from their representative bodies\\nshould nnite and form a sort of general provincial government.\\nIt does not appear that either of these proposals served any\\nother purpose than that of drawing the attention of the people\\nto the subject.\\nThe first actual American Congress had its origin in a re-\\ncommendation from the British government, that a call be\\nissued for a convention of delegates from the several Colonies,\\nand naming Albany as a proper place of meeting. This call\\nwas issued in 1754, and was due to the British ministry taking\\nalarm at the possible action of the Indian tribes, in the event\\nof France continuing her threatening proceedings, which,\\nthough not as yet actually hostile, seemed on the eve of be-\\ncoming so. The ascendency which the French had acquired\\nover the Indian race in America grew in proportion as they\\nbecame moi c intimate, and with such allies as the savage war-\\nriors, the French settlers hoiked to conquer their rivals, and\\nsecure possession of the entire country.\\nThis first Congress met at Alban}-, the call having been ad-\\ndressed to the Governor of New York, and the plan of union\\nofiered by Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsylvania,\\nwas received by his colleagues, with a high degree of favor,\\nand finally acceitted. Notwithstanding this almost unani-\\nmous approval by the delegates in convention, it was rejected\\nby the Colonies, and came to nought. It was the persistence\\nwith which the inhabitants of each colony refused to imperil\\nits individual independence, by any concession of rights to\\na general government, that defeated this project. While", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 73\\nsuch a union as was projjosed would have materially as well\\nas morally strengthened the individual colouies, and enabled\\nthem the better to overcome the immediate dangers of the\\nlocal situation, it would also have enabled them to. assert\\ntheir rights in the face of aggressive action on the part of\\nthe home government; and, indeed, the British ministry could\\nnot but regard the plan proposed by Franklin which did not\\ndift er essentially from that previously brought forward by\\nPenn as other than inimical to their distant jurisdiction.\\nIt may not be out of place to examine more fully the pro-\\nceedings of this first American Congress, held over one\\nhundred and twenty-two years ago. As has been stated, the\\ncall issued by the British Secretary of State was addressed,\\nby order of the King, to the Governor of New York. In\\nresponse to this call, there assembled at Albany, on the\\n19th of June, 1754, the memorable Congress of Commis-\\nsioners representing every colony north of tlie Potomac ex-\\ncept New Jersey, including Massachusetts, New Hampshire,\\nConnecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, with\\nVirginia represented in the person of the distinguished Lieu-\\ntenant-Governor De Lancey, of New York, who was the pre-\\nsiding officer. This Congress had for its chief objects the\\nconsideration of means of defence, and of entering into some\\ntreaty with the powerful Six Nations and their allied tribes.\\nOn the 24th of June a motion was made, and passed in the\\naffirmative, that the commissioners deliver their opinion whe-\\nther a union of all the Colonies is not at present absolutely\\nnecessary for their security and defence, and a committee Avas\\naccordingly a|3pointed to devise a plan. On the 28th of June\\nthis committee presented short hints of a scheme for the\\nunion. After considerable debate, the question was put on the\\n2d of July, whether the Board should proceed to form the plan\\nof a Union of the Colonies, to be established by an act of Par-\\nliament, and was passed in the affirmative. Debate on this\\n10", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "74 TIIENATIONAL\\nquestion, and on Indian affairs, engaged the attention of the\\nBoard until tlie 9th of July, when a plan for a union was\\nagreed upon, and Mr. Franklin was desired to make a draft of\\nit, as then concluded upon. On the 10th, after thorough con-\\nsideration, it was resolved that the commissioners from the\\nseveral governments be desired to lay the plan before their\\nrespective constituents for their consideration, and that the\\nSecretary of this Board transmit a copy thereof to the Gover-\\nnor of each of the Colonies which have not sent their commis-\\nsioners to this Congress. On the 11th of July, of tlie same year,\\nthe Congress adjourned.\\nAfter seven years of suffering, the struggle known in his-\\ntory as the French War, terminated. Canada had been\\nwrested from the French, and the Colonies had covered them-\\nselves with glory. The Home government was, however, ap-\\nparently dissatisfied, its desire seeming to be that the colonists\\nshould be compelled to pay the cost of this struggle. Indeed,\\nthe most arbitrary steps were taken and insisted upon, and\\nthis, too, despite the remonstrances and appeals which poured\\nin from every province. I am aware that the so-called\\ninvention of the Revolutionary committees of correspond-\\nence has been claimed for Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts\\nbut it is, nevertheless, a matter of record which cannot be\\ndisputed, that the Assembly of New York, as early as 1764,\\nsix years before the Massachusetts invention, and nearly\\nnine years before the movement in Virginia, appointed a com-\\nmittee of correspondence with the Assemblies, or conmiittees\\nof Assemblies throughout the Continent, with the direct and\\navowed purpose to avert, if possible, the impending dangers\\nwhich threatened the Colonies, of being taxed by laws to be\\npassed in Great Britain and less than a 3 ear afterward\\nsounded the keynote of the Revolution Independence in\\nthe publications attributed to John Morin Scott. The\\nhonored historian of America gives this fact its proper place", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 75\\nin liis summary statement Virginia marshalled resistance\\nMassacluisetts entreated union ]S ew York pointed to inde-\\npendence. At last a Congress was called by the Committee\\nof the ISTew York Assembly, and met in New York in 1765\\nit was called the Stamp Act Congress, and gave utterance in a\\nbold and decided manner to the grievances under which the\\ncolonists labored, and made an earnest declaration of rights.\\nThe resistance which was being ofter^d to the enforced pay-\\nment of a stamp duty on goods brought into the Colonies now\\nassumed definite and permanent shape but the announcement\\ncame from New York that she would give in her adherence to\\nno course of action other than that inaugurated by a General\\nCongress.\\nMassachusetts finally took the same view of the matter,\\nand in September, 1774, there met in this city, what was\\nknown as the first Continental Congress. As yet, except\\namong a few of the most dissatisfied of the colonists, there\\nwas no desire for separation from the mother country. The\\nmost visionary would hardly dare even hope for a successful\\nindependent existence. After more than a month of earnest\\nconsideration the Congress dissolved on the 26th of October,\\n1774. The gist of their proceedings was. First, an assertion\\nof the equal rights of the colonists with other members of\\nthe British empire and, Second, the passing of declarations\\nand resolves against the importation of merchandise from\\nabi oad, which were to be rigidly and em2:)hatically regarded.\\nFinally, the proceeding culminated in a petition to the\\nKing, which was unsuccessful. Before adjourning, provi-\\nsion was made for a second Congress, to meet about a year\\nlater in the same place. When we consider the consequences\\nresulting from this act of foresight we must regard this pro-\\nvision as an almost providential one, and the wisdom of the\\nmeasure is certainly deserving of the most unqualified praise.\\nAn opportunity was allowed for a consideration, in England,", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "7G THE NATIONAL\\nof the petition sent to tlie King, should this direct appeal to\\nthe crown fail to secure relief; then more strenuous efforts\\nwould become necessary; and what time so favorable for their\\ninauguration as when smarting under injustice and insult?\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nthe very hopelessness of the situation would serve as a com-\\nmon bond among the Colonies. Prudent, faithful, and respect-\\nful, with a full comprehension of all that was required by the\\noccasion, there must have dawned upon even the staunchest\\nadherents to the crown in that body the conviction that a\\nstruggle was imminent. To the dissenting there must have\\ncome a kind of secret delight that the eve of separation, the\\ndawn of a new, untrammelled existence, was so rapidly ap-\\nproaching, and that speedily the wrath of an oppressed people\\nwould find vent. Despite this, however, the colonists were\\nfull of loyalty, and proud of their connection and descent,\\nand the hope was pretty generally indulged that through the\\nefforts of the great T\\\\Tiig party in England some relief or\\nredress would be obtained, and tranriuillity again restored.\\nSubsequent events showed how futile was any hope based\\non aught save the most abject submission to whatever mea-\\nsures, however unjust, the home government cliose to impose.\\nThis ignoble alternative was, fortunately for humanity, re-\\nfused, and fittingly so, by men worthy of their lineage. In\\n1775 all hope of a peaceable adjustment of difference had\\nceased. There did not, however, now take place an immediate\\nand universal uprising of an intelligent and injured jieople,\\nbut a slow revulsion of feeling began to take possession of\\nmen s hearts and steadily spread throughout the land, and this\\nfeeling became so deeply intense that years of the blackest\\nmisery and privation did not suffice to extinguish it.\\nA glance at the situation will show that the condition of\\nthe colonists at this period was most deplorable. Surrounded,\\nso to speak, liy tribes of savages, who were so much better\\nmanaged by the government than at the present day that", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 77\\ntheir allegiance to the crown could be relied on to count pow-\\nerfully against the colonists should they rebel; with local\\nassemblies no longer in accord with the people; with the\\ndaily opposition coming from the recipients of royal favor and\\npatronage, and the dangerous hesitation fortunately of late\\nyears almost extinct with which the wealthy thi-ow their\\ninfluence into the scale, all combining to increase the gravity\\nof the situation, resulted in a state of aftairs sufficient to appal\\neven the stoutest heart.\\nEre the second Continental Congress had assembled, the\\nmiinite-men of Lexington had set the country ablaze with\\npatriotic fervor. The news of the battle of the 19th of April\\nreached New York about the 23d, and electrified, as it could\\nnot well fail to do, the entire people. What now were wealth\\nand comfort, even life itself, when their sacrifice was called for\\nby the stern demands of right and duty? In the midst of this\\nexciting state of affairs the second Continental Congress con-\\nvened. ISTo longer in doubt as to the course to pursue, the\\npeople everywhere urged their representatives to break the\\nyoke that held them in slavery to the mother country. The\\nmost decided approval was given to such a course by the peo-\\nple of New York, and the provincial Congress of that State\\nwas petitioned to instruct their delegates in Continental Con-\\ngress to use their utmost endeavors in that august assembly to\\ncause these United Colonies to become independent of Great\\nBritain.\\nThis immortal second Continental Congress was, we see,\\nthoroughly in consonance with the popular feeling. Unlike\\nsimilar bodies in subsequent times, the individuals com-\\nposing this Congress sought not their own aggrandizement,\\nnor material benefit. Full to overflowing with the sacred-\\nness of their trust glowing with patriotic ardor, yet deeply\\nconscious of the gravity of their actions and the dire conse-\\nquences they were probably to entail upon themselves and", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "78 THENATIONAL\\nUpon those whom they held most dear; thoroughly satis-\\nfied tliat they gave expression to the will of the whole\\npeople, they made that declaration of rights and principles,\\nand littered that resolve to be free which, running on through\\na round century, has ever been to the down-trodden and op-\\npressed a burst of light as if from the very foot of the Throne\\nof the Most High. To the fulfilment of these resolves they\\npledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor.\\nWe have followed American Congresses from the beginning\\nof the necessity for their existence down to the very acmd of\\ntheir usefulness, attained in the instance we have just consid-\\nered. Enshrined forever in the highest place in the estimation\\nof freedom-loving mankind, let us leave the consideration of\\nthe most august and patriotic assembly of modern times, per-\\nhaps without a parallel since the assembling of the apostles\\naround the ^Master, in its effects upon the Avelfare and eleva-\\ntion of the human race, and seek, by the emulation of its\\ndeeds of heroic patriotism, to reinaugurate that noble self-\\ndenial, that earnest integrity of purpose, that consideration\\nand love for our fellow-man, which, reacting through ages,\\nmay finally fit mankind for a higher state of beatitude.\\nHaving thus considered the origin and cause of the great\\nresults, which through the past century have flowed, with\\nbut here and there an interruption of brief duration and for-\\ntunately overcome, steadily along the stream of time down to\\nthe present day, with its glorious realization and astonishing\\npossibilities, justice to a most imjjortant element in the con-\\nsummation of these results demands a consideration of the\\ninfluence exerted hy woman, who, in all times and in every\\ncountry, has been largely instrumental in the shaping of events.\\nIt is both instructive and interesting to trace the influence\\nof the sex, in the earliest ages known to us, when, on an occa-\\nsion like the present, a great public event was to be commemo-\\nrated.", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 79\\nAmong tlie ancient Hebrews, the office of announcing and\\ncelebrating good news, or glad tidings, on the occasion of any\\ngreat public event, belonged, as learned men, familiar with\\ntheir records declare, peculiarly to the ivonvm. j^ot in\\nancient times alone has the influence of woman been felt in\\nthe afiairs of nations. The history of all ages testifies to the\\nprominent part taken by her in the shaping of events. Sure-\\nly, from no more beautiful source than from the teachings\\nof the tender mother, and the encouragement of the loving\\nwife, could come the love of God and country from no purer\\nfountain on earth could flow the teachings which inculcate\\nthose noble virtues and heroic qualities which assist so might-\\nily in the elevation of mankind. !N ot merely the teachings\\nof woman, but her love and example have ever inspired to\\nthe loftiest deeds, and the most magnificent achievements.\\nGentle, but earnest, her counsels have always been powerful\\nin their antagonism to oppression, cruelty, and wrong. In\\npatriotic fervor, oftentimes excelling the male sex, temjjered\\nas were the latter by actual experience, it would seem that\\ntheir very physical helplessness lent greater weight to the\\nsuggestions of their active intellects, and proud, but loving-\\nhearts. What greater incentive to valiant conduct, after a\\nknowledge of the demands of his country, can be conceived,\\nthan the Spartan soldier received from his mother, wlien,\\nleaving her side for the field t)f battle, he received from her,\\nwith his shield, the parting injunction to return with it, or\\non it.\\nIs it possible that any one will challenge the claim tlius\\nmade, and which concedes the powerful influence of woman?\\nScarcely for has not every soldier had one, if not both of\\nthese blessings a beloved mother, or a beloved wife? Who\\ndoes not know their power as pleaders, when enlisted by sym-\\npathy with a good cause?\\nLike rainbows ou tlie cloud of war,\\nThe .harbingers of victory.", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "80 THENATIONAL\\nAs I have referred to these portents of the sky, let me dose\\nthe thought tlms suggested with tlic adjuration of ^neas,\\nwlicn he was ahout to wage a war wliich lie deemed just.\\nYe springs, ye floods, ye vai-ious powers that lie\\nBeucatli tlie ileep. or tread the golden sky,\\nHear and attest.\\nThe Centennial Ode, written hy S. C. Upham, music bj-\\nAdam Geibel, was then sung hj the chorus, after which Mr.\\nWallace came to the stand and said\\nOur hope was that the distinguished and eloquent Mr.\\nLamar, of Mississippi, would be with us to-day, but a tele-\\ngram just received from him states that he has been taken ill,\\nand obliged to leave the cars at Wilmington, on his journey\\nhitherward. I present to you in his stead the Hon. Francis\\nPutnam Stevens, of Maryland, who, in his office of Chair-\\nman of the Centennial Committee of Maryland, has done so\\nmucli to attach our citizens to him, and to bring to this\\nvenerable spot from that State which I have named, so many\\nsons of those honorable fathers who bore a great part in what\\nwas done here a centur^^ ago.\\nREMARKS OF MR. STEVENS.\\nI have been accorded an honor of which I am deeply sen-\\nsible. I had not the most remote idea of addressing: this\\nvast assemblage until this moment. I had come to deposit\\nmy brief memoir of John Henry, Jr., of Maryland, in the old\\nChamber of Liberty, and to be but a silent participant in the\\nexercises of the day.\\nI cannot expect to fill the place of the distinguished gen-\\ntleman from Mississippi, who has been unavoidably prevented\\nfrom being j^resent. Eut upon an occasion like this, with the\\ngrand memories of the past, made glorious by the acts of our\\nforefathers just one hundred years ago, in youdcr building;", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 81\\nwith the great gathering of the people to inaugurate the fes-\\ntivities of the Irrational birthday, I cannot be silent the very\\nstones would crj- out if America s sons, on this great day,\\nshould refuse to speak.\\nYour President and Committee have bestowed a high com-\\npliment upon the State of which I am an humble representa-\\ntive. Maryland greets you all to-day. Truh Pennsylvania is\\nthe keystone, but we, of Maryland, one of the original thirteen,\\nare an integral part of the great arch, equally as important to\\nthe strength and solidity of the whole.\\nThe Governor of Rhode Island has referred to the sentiments\\nof Roger Williams, and spoken in eulogy of his State. Roger\\nWilliams, William Penn, and Lord Baltimore went hand in\\nhand in the same great cause. Massachusetts has spoken\\nthrough her distinguished representative to-day, and we honor\\nthe old Bay State for her noble part in the struggle for inde-\\npendence, but, Ml President, a proud record remains for\\nMaryland.\\nThe Ark and the Dove upon the peaceful shores of St. Mary s,\\nlanded our Pilgrim fathers the standard which Constantine\\nsa\\\\v in the heavens was planted upon the soil of Maryland, and\\nthe ensign of civil and religious liberty was there unfurled first\\namong the Colonies. Maryland bore an honorable part in the\\neffort that made these Colonies a free and independent people;\\nand upon the very day you here commemorate, her represen-\\ntatives, in Congress assembled, cast a unanimous vote in favor\\nof Richard Henry Lee s resolution, that these Colonies are,\\nand of right ought to be, free and ijidcpendent States. Maryland,\\nthrough her representative, Thomas Johnson, Jr., nominated\\nin those halls George Washington to be Commander-in-Chief\\nof the armies raised and to be raised, and to-day her monu-\\nmental city points with just pride to the noble shaft she alone\\nhas reared to his memory. She sent hei e such representatives as\\nSamuel Chase, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, John Henry, Jr.,\\n11", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "82 THENATIONAL\\nThomas Johnson, Jr., Thomas Stone, and William Paca. She\\nboasts The old Maryland line, with Howard, Williams, Gist,\\nSmallwood, and others she gave j on the first telegraphic wire,\\nthe first canal, and the first steam passenger railway. It was\\nMaryland that gave to yon, and to the woi-ld, your national\\nanthem, The Star-Spangled Banner. There the Continental\\nCongress met there Washington resigned his commission.\\nBut why enumerate the glories of Maryland This is a na-\\ntional occasion. We are here on this great anniversary from\\nthe E orth and South as brethren. I need not refer to the\\ndeeds of Maryland, but I would say of her as Webster said of\\nMassachusetts She needs no eulogium there she stands\\nlook at her.\\nI rejoice that we meet, not as citizens of any State, but as\\ncitizens of this greatest of Republics. There was a time when\\nit was said, to be a Roman citizen, was greater than to be a\\nking. The time will come when it shall be greater than to\\nhave been a Romnn, to be a citizen of these United States.\\nWe all rejoice on this glad day together, fi ora the North,\\nthe South, the East, and the West, in this land of liberty, that\\nthe precepts of our fathers have made and preserved us a\\nnation, and God grant that, when the two hundredth anniver-\\nsary of America s freedom shall dawn, it shall find us all a\\nhappy and united people.\\nThe Centennial hymn by Fennimore was then sung by the\\nchorus. At its conclusion Mr. Wallace rose and said:\\nYou have heard from Massachusetts, from Rhode Island,\\nfrom N^ew York, and from Maryland. You shall now hear\\nfrom the State which welcomes you all this day. To citizens\\nof Pennsylvania I need not introduce the speaker. We all\\nknow him. We all admire his talents and his accomplishments\\nof many kinds. To the citizens of other States and of foreign", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 83\\ncouuti ies I beg to introduce the Hon. Benjamin Harris Brews-\\nter, lately tlie Attorney-General of Pennsylvania.\\nREMARKS OF MR. BREWSTER.\\nThe remarks I shall make must of necessity be confined to\\na sim2:)le subject, and a few reflections. We do not meet to\\nargue or discuss. We do not meet to enforce opinions, and\\nsolicit public action in support of doctrines, but we meet to\\ntestily our sense of gratitude for the public liberties we possess,\\nand the social and domestic comfoi-ts we enjoy, the fruit of\\nthe courage and wisdom of our forefathers.\\nCitizens from other States are here who have united with us\\nin these great ceremonies others are here who will succeed\\nme, and I must be cautious, in this my home, not to occupy\\nthat time which hospitality requires I should leave open to\\nthem.\\nWhen I have recalled the incidents of our history from the\\nearliest days of colonial existence to the blessed hour when it\\nwas solemnly declared that we were, and of right ought to\\nbo, free and independent States, I have observed that, in all\\nof the great events where public oi-der, private right, or public\\nduty was the subject of popular action, tliey proceeded with\\ndeliberation, and with a rigid regard to the strict forms of\\nlegislative order, and of public legal enactment. There was no\\nmere insurrectionary spirit in the men from whom we inherit\\nthe liberties and the government we now possess. Our ances-\\ntors were no insurgents. No element of the conspirator, out-\\nlaw, or communist was a part of their natures. They were\\nserious, God-fearing, God-loving men, and from the beginning\\nhad solemn work to do, and they knew it, and witliin the\\nstrictest forms of legal order they asserted their natural and\\nlegal rights. They had known the harsh usage of adversity\\nthey had felt its discipline. Many of them possessed that", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "84 THENATIONAL\\nknowledge which is the fruit of study, learning, and experi-\\nence, and they all bowed with submission before the obligations\\nof religion, and acknowledged the supremacy of public will.\\nThe first act done by the Pilgrims of the Mayflower, and\\njust before they landed, was the organization of tlieir form of\\ngovernment.\\nLet me read to you this remarkable paper, tliat you may hear\\nand know how cautious, how formal, and how earnest wei e\\nthose men. In the name of God Amen we, whose names are\\nunderwritten, tlie ]oyii\\\\ subjects of our dread sovereign. King\\nJames, having undertaken for the glorj- of God, and the ad-\\nvancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and\\ncountry, a voyage, to pilant the first colony in the northern\\nparts of Virginia, do by these jaresents, solemnly and mutually,\\nin the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and com-\\nbine ourselves together into a civil bod} jjolitie, for our better\\nordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends afore-\\nsaid, and by virtue liei-eof to enact, constitute, and frame such\\njust and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and oflices,\\nfrom time to time, as shall be thought most convenient for the\\ngeneral good of the Colony, unto whicli we promise all due\\nsubmission and obedience.\\nOn the 11th of November, 1620, in the cabin of the May-\\nflower, before they had placed their feet on this Continent, did\\nthese true men forty-one in number for themselves and their\\nfamilies, one hundred in all, thus formally bind themselves to\\nobey the law. They had fled from oppression oppression\\ninflicted in the name of the law. Sixty-three days had they\\nbeen tossed upon the bosom of that rough sea, and in the dark\\nJS^ovember days were they about to make their homes on a\\nbleak and barren coast. A pitiless winter was before them, a\\nrascing ocean behind them, and a wilderness for their dwelling-\\nplace. They gave no thought to physical discomforts, but with\\ndeliberation did thev thus sit down and first consider their", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 85\\npublic and social duties, and thus bind themselves to obey the\\nlaw, for they knew that from order and obedience only could\\nindividual happiness and social prosperity come. They had\\nsuffered by the abuse of the law but they reverenced obedience\\nto that law, which is the product of public will.\\nThus was it with all the Colonies in all their actions; in\\ntheir domestic contentions, as well as in their disputes with\\nthe mother country, were the constituted forms of legal enact-\\nment, legal obedience, and legal resistance adhered to.\\nI have no recollection of such public records in the history\\nof any other people. It is peculiar to us. It is a part of the\\nglory of our career, that the pen has ever been mightier than\\nthe sword. While we have perpetuated in our annals the\\nformal declarations of our principles and our acts, so have we\\nlikewise in the same way embalmed in our history the living\\nwords recorded at the time, which were to protect us, and\\nteach mankind through us the doctrines we had maintained\\nand the liberties we have secured.\\nWith us the sword was only drawn to justify the written\\nword, that uttered the convictions of the very souls of our\\ngreat ancestors.\\nThis thought I shall not further follow by reciting each\\nincident of public action, for the time will not permit me so\\nto do. The incidents illustrating the fact are too numerous\\nto repeat. When in the fulness of time our grievances had\\nripened into wrongs, and the attempt to enforce the royal will\\nhad degenerated into acts of oppression, then too, step by step\\nas we approached the great crisis of our separation did the\\npeople at various times and in different places publish and\\ndeclare, in formal and apt words as were thereafter published\\nand declared here, by the Continental Congress, that we were\\nfree, and of right ought to be free and independent States.\\nWhatever those men had to do they did publich- formally\\nlawfully. Before the outbi-eak of the war, they remon-", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "86 THE NATIONAL\\nstrated in resolutions reciting public grievances. Tliey sent\\nCommissioners to London to assert our rights and resist ag-\\ngression. When the collision was inevitable, like an assem-\\nblage of ambassadors the delegates from the Colonies came\\ntogether to consider the remedies the}- demanded and resist\\nthe wrongs they complained of. And by these men was first\\nenacted the resolution that absolved us from our allegiance.\\nAnd then after that was published the act of separation that\\ndocument known and called the Declaration of Independence\\na document that contains more daring and self-demonstrating\\npropositions in favor of human rights than were ever before\\npronounced to mankind by philosoi^hers or statesmen.\\nOur mission was one of liberty, law, and public order the\\nrational liberty of freemen restrained by a sense of duty and\\nobedience to law and that rule have we lived by to this day.\\nThe law has been the only compensation to mankind for\\npolitical tyraunj- in the darkest houi s the world ever knew.\\nIt must be supreme for then God is sujii-eme. For, lie who\\nentrusts man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast\\nfor such his appetites sometimes make him. Passion, too,\\ninfluences those Avho are in power even the very best of men\\nfor which reason the law is intellect free from appetite.\\nAgain recurring to the thought I started with, let me speak\\nto 3 ou, and through you to the millions of our people whose\\nhearts are with us this day, and whose souls exult at the\\nmoral and intellectual grandeur of our history, and at the\\ninevitable splendor of our great future. Let me congratulate\\nyou that we came of such a lineage of heroic men ^the states-\\nmen of the human race who loved God, as lie is the father\\nof natural liberty the liberty of obedience to law and sub-\\nordination to natural and social duty. Let me congratulate\\nyou that a hundred years of such national life has brought us\\nto tills point of national glory, the peaceful glory of a pros-\\nperous people of forty niilli-ons who sprang from the few who", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION. 87\\nsought refuge here, and here erected a temple of human rights\\ninto which all men who love law and ohey order can enter\\nand find happiness and peace.\\nIt would seem as if Milton, who had battled for the rights\\nof those exiles who were our forefathers, had predicted the\\ncreation and growth of this people. Listen to him, and hear\\nthe words of that old, blind republican, who spake as man\\nnever before spake, and who was himself one of the greatest\\napostles of human rights. Listen to him\\nMethinks I see in my own mind a noble and puissant na-\\ntion, rousing herself like a strong man after sleep, and shaking\\nhis invincible locks; methinks I see her as an eagle renewing\\nher mighty youth, and kindling her undazzled eyes at the\\nfull mid-day beams, purging and unsealing her long-abused\\nsight at the fountain itself of heavenly radiance.\\nAs he predicted, so do we now live and act, and may it last\\nthus forever!\\nMr. Wallace now rose again, and turning to the gentlemen\\nwho composed the Congress of Authors, thanked them in the\\nname of Col. Etting and of the City Authorities of Philadel-\\nphia, in the name of the Committee on the National Centen-\\nnial Commemoration, and of the Historical Society of Penn-\\nsylvania, and, said he, I think I may venture to say, in\\nthe name of the august Genius of History itself, for the most\\nvaluable contribution which, in resjwnse to Col. Etting s invi-\\ntation, they had made to the historical riches of the Ee-\\npublic.\\nAt the conclusion of these remarks, Mr. Conly sang, with\\nthe highest eflect, the Star Spangled Banner, the chorus to\\nwhich was sung not less impressively by the Musical Associa-\\ntion. Mr. Conly, being encored, repeated the last verse.\\nWhen the sound of this beautiful solo, and of the applauses", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "88 THENATIONAL\\nwliicli it brouglit forth, had died away, ^Ir. Wallace came\\nforward and said\\nSouth Carolina meant to be with us this day in the person\\nof the Rev. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney,D.D., of Charleston.\\nOf what family he is, and what is the honor of that name,\\nwhich, in its whole length, he bears, I need tell no American\\nwhatever. No more patriotic family than that of the Pinck-\\nneys ever belonged to our country, and it never had any more\\nbrave, disinterested, unaffected, and honorable member than\\nthe gallant General whose name is now borne by his name-\\nsake, a soldier of the Cross. You all know how, in 1798, in\\nour threatened war of that day with France, when a question\\nof military precedence rose between General Knox and other\\ngenerals, General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney sought\\nthougli Washington wished him. high in command to prefer\\nothers in honor to himself. Put me anywhere, he said,\\nwhere I can serve the country. The same disinterested\\nspirit exhibited itself in 1812, when a pure and patriotic politi-\\ncal party desired to make him their candidate for the Presi-\\ndency of the United States; an honor which he declined,\\nbecause he thought that another was more fit for it; the\\nman, as our own late honored citizen, Charles Chauncey,\\ncharacterized him at a dinner given in compliment to him in\\n1812 the man whose love of lionorwas greater than his love\\nof power, and deeper tlian his love of self. I grieve to say\\nthat, owing to an accident to the steamer on which the Eev.\\nMr. Pinckney is, on his way here and of which a telegram\\napprises us the reverend gentleman can hardly arrive before\\nthis evening; later tluxn he expected to be with us.\\nI will, therefore, ask the Eight Reverend William Bacon\\nStevens, D.D., LL.D, the Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal\\nChurch in the Diocese of Pennsylvania, and the official suc-\\ncessor in the Episcopate of Pennsylvania, of the good and\\npatriotic Bishop White, Chaplain both to the Continental", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "C E N T E X N I A I. C M M E M R A T I(J N\\n89\\nCongress aud to tlie OoiigTess of tlie United Stntes, to dismiss\\nus witli H ))enedietion.\\nThe Right Reverend gentleman then came npon tlie stand,\\nand amidst a prot oiiiid and reverent silence, dismissed, with\\nthe well-known a]iostolie wtn ds, the vast assend:)lage.\\nFINIS.\\n12", "height": "3071", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "INTERESTING CORRESPONDENCE.\\nINDEPENDENCE HALL AND THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.\\nPilll.ADF.LriUA, December 4tli, 1876.\\nFrank M. Etting, Esq.\\nDear Sir: At the close of the great season which during the present year we have been\\ncelebrating, we, your fellow-citizens chiefly, desire to express to you the high sense which we have of\\nyour services in connection with the restoration of the Chamber of Independence, and the establishment\\nof what is known as the National Museum, in the old Judicial Chamber opposite to it.\\nWith you, sir, as we suppose, originated the idea of both undertakings; and to your knowledge of\\nthe history of our ancient Province and of the men, both of it and the Revolutionary e|)och, as well as\\nof the important years following that epoch a knowledge which we regard as singularly extensive and\\naccurate; to your conjectures, inquiries, and researches as to the now existing memorials of all; and\\nfinally, to your indefatigable personal efforts and labor in bringing together, putting in order, and\\narranging the whole multitude of portraits and objects of manifold interest after a knowledge of their\\nexistence had been obtained, the country has been indebted for what, in our opinion, has been one of\\nthe most interesting features of the great year whose celebration now draws to a close.\\nYour conception of what historical truth, unity, and effects required, and the plan on which this\\nconception has been carried out, both in the Chamber of Independence and in the old Judicial Chamber\\nopposite to it, have excited our admiration and receive our approval.\\nIt is a source of pride to us, that the City authorities, during your long connection with them in\\nthis matter, acted, in the accomplishment of what was done in both places so largely upon your\\nsuggestions. We feel grateful to them for the aid which they gave to your endeavors, and we trust that\\nthe collections in both Chambers may remain, so far as they have been made, and be completed, if\\npossible, with the purposes and upon the plans which were originally contemplated by yourself.\\nWe are, sir, with much esteem.\\nYour friends.\\nJohn F. Hartranft\\nJohn Welsh\\nGeorge Bancroft, Washington\\nCharles Francis Adams, Mass.\\nHugh Blair Grigsby, Va.\\nGeorge Henry Preble, U. S. Navy\\nCaleb Cope\\nAdolph E. Borie\\nJohn William Wallace\\nJoseph Swift\\nWilliam A. Whitehead, N. J.\\nGeorge W. Biddle\\nJames L. Claghorn\\nThomas Robins\\nStephen A. Caldwell\\nRichard S. Smith\\nJohn McAllister, Jr.\\nHenry C. Carey\\nThomas Balch\\nWm. Bacon Stevens\\nHenry A. Boardman\\nRobert C. Winthrop, Mass.\\nHenry W. Longfellow, Mass.\\nWiliam Wirt Henry, Va.\\nGeorge W. Cullum, U. S. .-\\\\rmy\\nJames J. Barclay\\nArthur G. Coffin\\nEli K. Price\\nCharles Willing\\nBenson J. Tossing, N. Y.\\nDavid S. Brown\\nThomas Smith\\nEdwin M. Lewis\\nJ. Livingston Erringer\\nDaniel Smith, Jr.\\nPeter McCall\\nAlfred L. Elwyn\\nWilliam Duane", "height": "3066", "width": "1864", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "Richard H. Dana, Jr., Mass.\\nRichard Frothingham, Mass.\\nJohn G. Wliittier, Mass-\\nThomas F. Davies\\nEdward A. Foggo\\nWilliam G. Crowell\\nJoseph Patterson\\nCharles Ingersoll\\nCraig Biddle\\nBenjamin H. Brewster\\nFrederic Collins\\nR. Alonzo Brock, Va.\\nJohn R. Bartlett, R. I.\\nHenr_v Flanders\\nAlexander Biddle\\nWilliam Dravton\\nCharles Henry Hart\\nT. Hewson Bache\\nRobert H. Hare\\nFrancis Pntnani Stevens, Mtt.\\nMoncnre Robinson\\nJohn T. Lewis\\nRichard Vaiix\\nWni. M. Tilghman\\nJohn H. Packard\\nEdmund Quincy, Mass-.\\nAlexis Caswell, R. I.\\nHenry Wheatland, Mass.\\nWilliam P. Ui)ham, Mass.\\nJohn L. Mercer, Va.\\nFairman Rogers\\nAubrey H. Smith\\nRichard D. Wood\\nLloyd P. Smith\\nJohn H. Watt\\nJ. Duval Rodney\\nJ. Parker Norris\\nEdward S. Morse, Mass.\\nFrancis S. Hoffman\\nF. Carroll Brewster\\nThomas Earp\\nJames N. Stone\\nCharles H. Muirheid\\nWilliam B. Rogers, Jr.\\nSamuel C. Perkins\\nD. B. Hagen, Mass.\\nGeorge DeB. Keim\\nJosejih B. Townsend\\nJohn S. Gerhard\\nLeverett Saltonstall, Mass.\\nEmory Washburn, Mass.\\nWilliam White Bronsoii\\nHenry J. Morton\\nE. R. Beadle\\nJohn B. Gest\\nJohn Jordan. Jr.\\nIsaac Hazlehurst\\nHenry Wharton\\nDaniel Doughert\\\\-\\nH. P. McKean\\nAlex. R. Boteler, Va.\\nCharles Deane, Mass.\\n.\\\\sa L Fish\\nJohn Cadwalader, Jr.\\nCharles Chauncey\\nFrederick D. Stone\\nJames H. Hutchinson\\nJohn Jay Smith\\nBrantz Mayer, Mil.\\nBenjamin Rush\\nRoger Sherman\\nWilliam White\\nWilliam Wister\\nEUerslie Wallace\\nGeorge E. Ellis, Mass.\\nWilliam Gammell, R. I.\\nAbner C. Goodell, Jr., Mass.\\nGeorge M. Whi[)j)le, Mass.\\nPennock Pusey, Minn.\\nSamuel Hart\\nJohn Wiegand\\nWilliam S. Vaux\\nSamuel E. Stokes\\nHenry Reed\\nGeorge S. Pe| per\\nAustin J. Montgomery\\nSamuel A. Green, Mass.\\nR. Coulton Davis\\nCadwala ler Biddle\\nSamuel Chew\\nGeorge C. Morris\\nRichard A. Gilpin\\nJoseph J. Mickley\\nWilliam P. Tathani\\nT. F. Hunt, Mass.\\nSamuel Bell\\nSolomon Shepard\\nWm. Rotch Wi.ster", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Henry Rawle\\nGeorge W. Hunter\\nWilliam G. Brooks, Ma^s.\\nFrank Furness\\nJoseph P. Brinton\\nFrancis A. Lewis\\nCharles H. Hutchinson\\nVVm. Lvttleton Savage\\nHenry C. Gibson\\nGeorge Sergeant\\nRichard M. Cadwalader\\nWilliam S. Baker\\nHorace Howard Furness\\nHenry Armitt Brown\\nL. C. Cleeman\\nJohn C. Browne\\nWilliam Hacker\\nJohn A. McAllister\\nOliver Evans\\nEdward S. Dixon\\nNath. E. Janey\\nJohn T. Spencer\\nGeorge Willing\\nWilliam P. Blake, Conn.\\nJ. Somers Smith\\nSamuel Agnew\\nThomas C. Amory, Mass.\\nJohn Sullivan, Mass.\\nWm. E. Du Bois\\nJas. Pollock\\nCraig D. Ritchie\\nMaurice H. Matsinger\\nWilliam R. Newbold\\nThomas Wriggins\\nJas. I,. Harmar\\nEdward Sullivan, Mass.\\nJ. Morris Meredith, Mass.\\nJohn Neill\\nJ. Stewart\\nA. P.. Edge\\nGeorge Thomson\\nCharles S. Patton\\nThomas S. Ellis\\nHowell Evans\\nWm. L. Mactier\\nJohn W. Dulles\\nJames G. Craighead\\nOtis Norcross, Mass.\\nF. W, Lincoln, Mass.\\nJohn Blair Linn\\nJ. Edward Carpenter\\nHenry M. Brooks, Mass.\\nElihu Chauncey\\nHenry C. Townsend\\nGeorge Gilpin\\nGeorge H. Kirkham\\nJames E. Caldwell\\nJ. Sergeant Price\\nCharles M. Morris\\nJohn W. Huff\\nHenrv C. Baird\\nFerdinand J. Dreer\\nJoseph A. Clay\\nFred. Sylvester\\nEphm. Clark\\nJohn O. James\\nKmlen Hutchinson\\nhas. Richardson\\nJoseph H. Collins\\nJoseph P. Richardson\\nJohn W. Sexton\\nCharles S. Keyser\\nGeorge H. Corliss, R. L\\nJacob Reigel\\nGeorge P. Smith\\nJ. Wingate Thornton, Mass.\\nG. S. B. Sullivan, Mass.\\nJas. C. Bootli\\nWilliam Purves\\nEdwin A. Pue\\nN. A. Jennings\\nB. L. Keen\\nWm. E. Hitchcock\\nRich. C. Winshi])\\nJohn L. Sullivan, Mass.\\nJames S. Amory, Mass.\\nD. Hayes Agnew\\nW. Howard Wriggins\\nJohn F. Keen\\nJohn Sailer\\nGeorge T. Bodine\\nChas. D. Norton\\nC. D. Little\\nG. R. Bonfield\\nWm. E. Schenck\\nS. D. Powel\\nH. W. Pickering, Mass.\\nAlanson Bigelow, Mass.", "height": "3066", "width": "1864", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "Levi Knowles\\nF. H. Butler\\nWilliam Chapin\\nJoseph K. Wheeler\\nH. N. Thissell\\nWm. W. Wallace\\nHenry D. Sullivan, Mass.\\nStephen G. Deblois, Mass.\\nRobert Patterson\\nGeorge Philler\\nGeorge H. Stuart\\nJames Bonbright\\nHorace Binney\\nJohn W. Black\\nJames R. Earle\\nJames T. Shinn\\nMorris Patterson\\nM. B. Grier\\nThomas G. Hood\\nT. R. Sullivan, Mass.\\nThos. J. F. Temple, Mass.\\nJ. H. Shortridge\\nMorton McMichael, Jr.\\nW. L. Schafifer\\nSamuel C. Huey\\nW. H. N. Stewart\\n1315 .Si RccE Street,\\nPliila., Dec. 71I1,\\n1S76.\\nTo Hon. John F. Hartranft. Rt. Rev. Wim. Bacon Stevens, Rev. Henry A. Boardman, John\\nWEfSH, Esq., the Hon. Geo. BANCROFr, Robt. C. Winthrop, Charles Francis Adams, Prof.\\nHenry W. Longfellow, and others.\\nGentleiMEN I am to day in receipt of your communication of December 4, 1S76. Coming to\\nme, as it does, at a time when the labor of many years seems threatened with annihilation, I cordially\\nwelcome the expressions it contains. Such endorsement from the highest authority in the land, among\\nthe Statesmen, the Theologians, the Jurists, the Historians, and the Poets, evidences that deep-seated\\nlove of our country s glory without which Sam. Adams, and Washington, and Morris, and Franklin\\nhad lived and struggled in vain.\\nUpon the very threshold of our centennial epoch, we point with just pride to the commercial and\\nmechanical results, in the competition with all nations, at the E.\\\\position just closed but, if our\\nRepublic is to be progressively successful nay, if it is to endure during another hundred years, the\\nprinciples of state and the personal virtues of the Founders of the Nation must be kept always in view.\\nI hese are the functions of a National Museum; such the inevitable effect of the reverential preservation\\nof buildings and personal memorials of those whom we would hold up for imitation whose footprints\\nshould no/ he obliterated from the sands of time.\\nEarnestly do I join in the hope expressed by you that the collections which (with some of your\\nown number) I have been enabled to bring together at Independence Hall may remain to be com-\\npleted with the purposes and upon the plans originally contemplated.\\nMy official report to the city authorities, June 7th, 1873 is close of the first year), pointed to\\nthe necessity of placing the venerable pile and its contents in the hands of Trustees for the people of\\nthe United States. The jierfection of the plan, nay, even the conservation of the work already done,\\nseems to call for the appointment of some permanent body possibly and preferably a national com-\\nmission. Such absolute dedication by the citizens of Philadelphia to their fellow countrymen would be\\nthe most graceful and enduring centennial monument. To such end, gentlemen, permit me to liope\\nyour continued interest may lead.\\nI beg you, gentlemen, to accept the assurances of my sincere regard and esteem, and am faithfully\\nyours,\\nP RANK M. ETTING.\\nipifi;tl^", "height": "3066", "width": "1878", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3066", "width": "1864", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3066", "width": "1864", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3071", "width": "1833", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3066", "width": "1864", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3202", "width": "1949", "jp2-path": "nationalcentenni00comm_0110.jp2"}}