{"1": {"fulltext": "A CONTRIBUTION\\nTO OUK KN(t\\\\VLi;i)(;K OF THE\\nFOOD FISHBS\\nOREGON COAST\\nFROM SPKCIMEN.S COLLECTED KY\\nB. J. BRETHERTOJN^\\nREPORT OF STATE BIOLOGIST\\nJULY, 1900\\nSALEM, OREGON\\nW. II. LEEDS, STATE PRINTER\\n1{)0U", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "A CONTRIBUTION\\nTO DITK KN()\\\\VI^EDGK OF TIIK\\nFOOD FISHES\\nOREGON COAST\\nFKOM Sl EC IMKNS COJjIjECTKD 11 V\\nB. J. BRETHERTON\\nREPORT OF STATE BIOLOGIST\\n^5\\nJULY, 1900\\nSAliEM, OREGON\\nW. H. LEEPS, STATE PRINTER\\n15)00", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "S\\\\1\\np7\\nZ^^", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "A CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE\\nOf THE FOOD FISHES OF THE\\nOREGON COAST.\\nBiological Laboratory,\\nUniversity of Oregon,\\nJuly 15, 1900.\\nHis Excellency^ T. T. Gecr, Salem, Ore /on\\nThe following notes are based upon a collection of our coast\\nfishes made by Bernard J. Bretherton, of Newport, Oregon,\\npresented to the State University, and identified by the writei\\nThe present collection is to be regarded as a nucleus for further\\naggregations, representing in time, it is hoped, all the species\\nof fish in Oregon.\\nTo anyone who has made a study of ichthyology it is appar-\\nent that it would be out of place, and an extravagance to in-\\ntroduce here the long, technical analyses given in scientific\\ntreatises upon the subject, and it has seemed best to give, in\\neach case, a brief popular description, which, with the aid of\\nthe illustration may help one to recognize the sj)ecies.\\nIt will be noted that many of our more common fishes are\\nnot listed, the flounders for instance, and some others familiar\\nto our citizens. In all probability the collector has left some\\nof the more easily obtainable forms until later, with the thought\\nthat he can easily secure them at his convenience. Mr. Breth-\\nerton has made careful notes on the colors of the fresh fish,\\nand has, further, endeavored to list the stomach contents as\\nthrowing some light upon their food habits. His notes are\\ngiven in quotation. Coll. No. means collector s number\\nreferring to the number wdiich came with the specimens.\\nIn the case of a few doubtful species my identification was\\neither corroborated by the United States Fish Commission or\\nl.ofC.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "4 FOOD FISHES OF THE OREGON COAST.\\nthe correct name given. The commission has also furnished\\nus with six cuts at cost price. Acknowledgment of these\\ncourtesies is hereby tendered.\\nIt may not be out of place to mention our experience in\\npreserving fish in a way to best retain their colors. We have\\nfound that if the fresh specimens are placed in very weak for-\\nm;iSSii (3% made from 40% stock solution) and after remain-\\ning for a week or so in this, changed to a fresh solution of the\\nsame strength and jDlaced on exhibition most of the colors are\\nwonderfully preserved, and the liquid does not yellow with\\nage as does alcohol in which fish are preserved.\\nIn addition to this growing collection of Oregon fish, the\\nState University has over fifty specimens from the Columbia\\nRiver Basin presented a few years ago by the United States\\nFish Commission.\\nRespectfully,\\nF. L. WASHBURN,\\nState Biologist.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "KKi. 1.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CALIFORNIA SMELT.\\nFKt. 2.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HERRIN(i, MirdhiJis.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "FOOD FISHES OF THE OREGON COAST\\nCALIFORNIA SMELT.\\n{Alhrrinujisis Cali/orniciis GlRAKD.)\\nAbout eig-hteen inches lonu-, a translucent g-reen with a somewhat sil-\\nvery or lead-colored lateral stripe; some yellow on g-ill covers. Eye small.\\nbody elongate. One specimen collected. Given bj^ Jordan and Evermann as\\nvery abundant on coast of California from Cape Mendocino to San Diegfo;\\nfound in schools near shore, and an important food fish. See Fig. 1.\\nCALIFORNIA TOMCOD.\\n[Microfjadus proximus Girard.\\nThis little fish really needs no description. Just why it should be desig--\\nnated California Tomcod is a question, for it is in summer one of our most\\nabundant, though by no means the best, of our salt water food fishes. Very\\ncommon from Monterey to Alaska. Two specimens: Collector s Nos. 4 and\\n5. August 10. Silvery white: pale brown on dorsal surface. Contents of\\nstomach indefinable.\\nCALIFORNIA IIERRINCx.\\n(Clupea pollasii\u00e2\u0080\u0094CvviKR and Vai.enciennes.)\\nBluish above: silvery on sides and below. From sixteen to eighteen inches\\nlong. Abundant from San Diego to Kamschatka. A well-known fish on our\\ncoast and fully as abundant here as in California. Two specimens collected,\\nNos. 6 and 7. x\\\\ugust 10. Stomachs empty. Fig. 2 represents niiraJdis,\\nin general appearance resembling the species under discussion.\\nCALIFORNIA SARDINE.\\n(^lupdnodon cceruleus Girard.)\\nAnother misnomer, for. under the name of Herring, this and the pre-\\nceding are at times exceedingly abundant in our bays, and very highly es-\\nteemed as food fishes. In general appearance like the last, but larger.\\nabout twelve inches. Found from Puget Sound to Magdalena Bay. Two\\nspecimens. Nos. 8 and 9. Norway Herring, a larger and plumi)er fish than\\nthe preceding. See middle figure in Plate I: photographed from a s]ieci-\\nmen presei ved in foi malin.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "FOOD FISHES OF THE OREGON COAST.\\nALASKA GREEN FISH.\\nHcxagrammos octfigraiimni.i.)\\nCalled sea trout by our fishermen. Varies much in coloration, accord-\\ning- to ag-e, etc., and likely to be confused with H. Stellcrl, the Greenling.\\nTwo specimens, 18 and 16.\\nNo. 18. Sea trout September 7, 18i)9. Dorsal surface and sides light\\nslate, blotched with pale green, each blotch surrounded by several dark\\number spots; ventral surface, lighter: pectoral fins spotted with pale mus-\\ntard yellow.\\nNo. 16. Medicine fish. Ventral surface, brownish yellow with greenish\\ntinge. Dorsal surface, burnt umber. Stomach contents, mussels.\\nROCK TROUT, GREENLING, BOREGAT, BODIERA.\\nHexagrammus, decagrnmmus Pai^las.)\\nMuch like the last and liable to be confused with it. Sexes very unlike\\nin color. The females are extremely variable in coloration. I quote from\\nJordan and Evermann to show the great variation in individuals and the con-\\nsequent confusion among local fishermen: Adults highly colored; the\\nmales with large sky-blue spots the females with smaller red or orange\\nspots young sometimes plain brown with dai k humeral spots. Males clear\\nbrownish olive of varying shade, often tinged with bluish or coppery and\\nvaguely blotched, often with small blue spots head and anterior part or\\nbody with rather large sky-blue spots, each surrounded by a rusty ring,\\nthese smaller and more numerous on the top of the head lips with bluish\\nspots, upper fins brown, mottled ventrals and anal dusky bluish pectorals\\ndark, both rays and membranes crossed by sharply defined whitish reticula-\\ntions, so that the fins appear to be profusely spotted with white. Females\\nbrownish, somewhat tinged with reddish, closely covered wath round spots\\nof a reddish-brown these spots usually quite small and uniform over the\\nwhole body, back and sides dorsal fin spotted on the scaly part, the fins\\notherwise plain reddish or bluish the ventral usually dusky; pectorals light\\norange, without markings. Other females have the ground\\ncolor slaty blue, with round orange spots considerably larger than usual and\\nbecoming vermiculations on the head dorsal fin orange, clouded at base\\nwith blue soft dorsal edged with bluish pectorals plain orange belly\\nwhite. These vary into the ordinary type Length, eighteen\\ninches. Abundant from Point Conception to Kodiak Island, Alaska, es-\\npecially about San Francisco. A common food fish. See Fig. 3, also upper\\nfigure in Plate I photographed from a specimen preserved in formalin.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0iiii", "height": "3583", "width": "2225", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3578", "width": "2225", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "FOOD FISHES OF THE OREGON COAST.\\nIs it any wondei that these individuals of the same species receive differ-\\nent common names I give collector s description of color and his notes in\\ndetail to illustrate the misconceptions arising from these striking- variations.\\nFive specimens, Nos. 3, 11, 12, 13, 1\\nNos. 11 and 12. March 24. Sea trout. Pins, pale yellowish brown: ven-\\ntral surface, white sides and dorsal surface, slate thickly spotted with color\\nof fins. Stomach contents (No. 12), large Crustacea.\\nNo. 3. Kelp fish. Color, dark umber mottled with light green: ventral\\nsurface, pale yellow fins, slate gray.\\nNo. 13. Kelp fish. March 24. Pale brown clouded .with black on head:\\nfore part of body blotched with peacock blue. Each blotch with several\\nblack dots fins, black.\\nNo. 15. Medicine fish. March 24. Dark brown on dorsal surface fad-\\ning into terra cotta, everywhere blotched with gray folds under jaw bril-\\nliant bluish o-reen.\\nLANT, LAUNCE. SAND EEL.\\nA inmodytoi perHonat lis Gikard.)\\nIt is not an unusual thing for summer visitors at the seashore to find that\\nthe receding tide has left the beach strewn with little cylindrical fish about\\nfour inches long, of a clear translucent green color with silvery sides, a\\nsharp snout, with underjaw projecting, and a forked tail. This is the Sand\\nLaunce, not only attractive from its coloration, from an aesthetic point of\\nview, but also a most excellent pan fish. They burrow in the sand to escape\\ntheir numerous enemies, and are frequently found in this position where the\\ntide has left them, their heads only showing above the surface. If the\\nmorning sti*oller on the beach is wise he will gather all of these he can, and\\nwith an admiring glance possibly at a school darting about in some im-\\nprisoning beach pool, he will hurry home and give directions for their cook-\\ning. Cleaning these little fish is soon over with. Hold one by the nape\\nwith thumb and forefinger of left hand then with scissors, or with fingers\\nof other hand, dexterously remove the head, and at the same time the at-\\ntached entrails. Wash the fish, dry, flour, and fry in pan with about fifty\\nof his fellows, and the next morning will find all the members of the family\\non the beach hunting for Launce. Abundant on sandy shores of Atlantic\\nand Pacific coasts. See Fig. 4.\\nBROWN ROCK FISH.\\n(Sebastodes auriculatus Girard.)\\nOne specimen received. Collector s No. 2. August 2. Color, mottled,\\norange, yellow, with reddish cast on dark umber ground. Ventral surface\\nlightest. Lower lip yellow. Stomach contents, fragments of fish. Length,", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "8 FOOD FISHES OF THE OREGON COAST.\\nseven inches. Given as very abundant from Cape Mendicino to Cerros Is-\\nland. See lower lig-ure i late I from a photograph of a specimen preserved\\nin formalin.\\nYELLOW-TAILED ROCK FISH.\\n(Sebastodes JU(vidui \u00e2\u0080\u0094A\\\\iiR\u00c2\u00bb.)\\nA strong, heavy fish, the so-called Black Sea Bass of our Oregon Coast.\\nOlive green or blaekish. Twenty-four inches long. Mouth large, strong;\\nlower jaw projecting. Dorsal fin continuous, but indented; spines of fin\\nslender. Two specimens. Collector s Nos. IT and 22. Black Sea Bass.\\nVentral surface, dirty white; dorsal black; stomach empty. See Fig. 5.\\nBLUE PERCH, STRIPED SURF FISH, SQUAW FISH.\\n{TaenUoca lateralis Agassiz.)\\n{Ditrema ktteraie\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gunther.)\\nThis species and its relative, Damalidithys argyromnms, the White Perch\\nor Porgee are almost too common on our shore to need description. They\\nare both members of a viviparous family, the Embiotocoidte or surf fishes.\\nIn the summer season when they are carrying their young their flesh is poor\\nand tasteless, though they readily take the hook and specimens all the way\\nfrom one pound to six pounds are caught oft the rocks, the tyro fisherman\\nbeing sometimes astonished to see young fish, two inches long, slipping from\\nthe parent and flopping on the rocks beside him, quite capable of swimming\\nif placed in water. This family is so interesting, that I quote from Jordan\\nand Evermann as follows: Viviparous. The young are hatched within the\\nbody, where they remain closely packed in a sack-like enlargement of the\\noviduct analogous to the uterus until born. These foetal fishes bear at first\\nlittle resemblance to the parent, being closely compressed and having the\\nvertical fins exceedingly elevated. At birth they are from one and a half\\nto two and a half inches in length and similar to the adult in appearance,\\nbut more compressed, and red in color. Since the announcement of their\\nviviparous nature by Prof. Louis Aguisiz in 1853 and by Dr. William P.\\nGibbon in 1854 these fishes have been objects of special interest to zoologists.\\nFishes of the Pacific Coast of North America inhabiting bays and the surf\\non sandy beaches. One species {IlystemcamiJHs trasl-i) inhabits fresh water:\\nthree others {Ditrema temmincki, I),smittii, and Xcoditrema rausonetti) are\\nfound in Japan. These species reach a length of fi om six to eighteen inches\\nand are very abundant where found. Most of them feed on Crus-\\ntacea, but one genus (Aheona) is partly or wholly herbivrous. Genera 17:\\nspecies about 20.\\nThe pavement-like teeth, above and below, in the back part of the mouth\\n(phai yngeal teeth, used for crushing hard substances), are extremely inter-\\nesting and well worth examination on the part of the fisherman interested", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "FIG. 5.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BLACK ROCKFISH, to illustiatc tlie group.\\nFKi. (i.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THK WHITE PERCH.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "FOOD FISHES OF THE OREGON COAST.\\nin biolog-ical phenomena. One specimen, Collector s No. 20. Squaw fish.\\nHead golden yellow, spotted irreg-ularly with brilliant blue entire body\\nstriped long-itudinally with alternate golden yellow and brilliant blue. A\\ndistinct- black median stripe from upper corner of gill opening to base of\\ntail. Stomach contains small Jell II ,fisJt. See Fig. (1\\nSCULPIN, BULL HEAD.\\nEnophrys 6i*-on\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Girard.)\\nA type of a large and variable family known as Cottidip, the Sculpins.\\nThere are about sixty genera in this group and over two hundred species, a\\nfew of which are found in fresh water. Of the salt water forms most of the\\nspecies are shore fish, but some descend to great depths. No extended de-\\nscription of the Sculpin is necessary, for any fisherman catching one for the\\nfirst time, would feel instinctively, as he landed his bony prize and sur-\\nveyed it bristling with horns, its head flat and wide, its mouth gaping, and\\nits generally repulsive appearance, that he had caught a sculpin.\\nThe species under discussion is very common from San Francisco to Sitka.\\nNot used for food. One specimen received, Collector s No. L August 1.\\n1898, Bull Head, or Sculpin. Color dark umber, irregularly mottled with\\nlight lemon yellow. Stomach packed full of young kelp weed.\\nSAND FISH.\\nTrichodon tricJtodon\u00e2\u0080\u0094TUjESiUS.)\\nOne specimen sent by Mr. Toner, Yaquina City, the only one observed by\\nthe writer. A striking fish, about eight inches long, of a general silvery\\ncolor; brownish above: a brown streak on side, broken toward the head.\\nPeculiar mottlings between head and first dorsal fin, and irregular brown\\nmarkings on back at base of fins. Dark line below or at lower edge of eye.\\nHabitat, North Pacific, on sandy shores, from Monterey to Behring Sea.\\nburying itself in sand.\\nComparison of the straight line, shown with some figures, with the picture\\nof the fish, enable one to estimate the length of the species in inches.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "vfjod 9 iiJfl9 9jjW Jnjjilfi-i l dtiv/ y.l UiLr;:!^ iHJMuqy ,v/off n thlo.^ l. t; \u00c2\u00bbIl\\nA .9x;lcf inijini Kf finr. v/ollrc/ ii )b[o;! yUjfCfiJl.B illiw v.II.(uf(()u.lijif(oI lyuinr--.\\n\\\\o jsiid oi \u00e2\u0096\u00a0gfiiciy([u Wf^ lo -lyn-iO \u00e2\u0096\u00a0i :t(i([ii mo-ij ycjrt.t;-. riiiif/ iiii /io.ntrl \u00e2\u0080\u00a2(\u00e2\u0080\u00a2milftil)\\n.oiW fiJ:^- .iVrti\\\\. vW i\\\\nufv. f.H\\\\\\\\ \\\\uu i kVnA\u00c2\u00bbm .(if:i\\n(.nw/ Jtli) iu i\\\\ v.\\\\t;u\\\\ni.i\\nj; Aosq i bo-ibrwd ova) 19/o bujs (jno i^ wi/f i rii j.i myy r\u00c2\u00ab tiKxlK y-ir^ .\u00e2\u0080\u00a2f)fri\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2*flj to i^om gmtot lOtBv/ ll fsa oiil U) I .tiiv; da vil rii hniKyt nn duidf/ li /nl\\n-yl) byba^izy oTI .ftdJqob .li;y^^ oj hn ih ,L ousoh Jjrd .fl\u00c2\u00ab;i -ion H-in e/; i )y iH\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^d:! loi yno \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^aidoin j asiu iodah -{rtK -loi .\u00e2\u0096\u00a0rw;Rs-;y:i Jci ni niqlii-ir yrfr lo ffoii(i(T\\n-\u00e2\u0096\u00a0urn Lnsi {H) 9j;nq vnocf eid bobniif od (^n .\u00e2\u0080\u00a2/jT/f1*;j-ic.)\u00c2\u00ab;ii f^i )1 hinow .^fnii i\u00c2\u00ab-fil\\nb(u; f-gflxqii^ ri^ffjout 8 }i .sbiv/ ban JbIi biiori sii .Hrrrod dtiw \u00e2\u0080\u00a2i nfllsri(l n byv/*/\\n.nxqiuos c .Jd^f/sy bi^ri od indl ,oynfmvxf fX! yvt iiuqy i y.fLfi ryo o if\\n.j; |.Tr8 OJ o.oexoa\u00c2\u00a3 i 5 n^S mo-ii nonuaoy y iov ei ffoh-;r;ir jHib vAmsi yfyyq sd l\\n.f JaiJ^i/A .1 .oTI iojyyilo .fiyyioyyt riynxiyxfr; onf) .boo1 lol by^tn loZ\\ndti.v hfil iioin v[ ff;[u-oy rii /jodmu i r,/;b \u00e2\u0080\u00a2toi oO .a!i[hi r -u, ,l,fM\\\\ KiiM .l\\n.byyw qloyi \u00e2\u0096\u00a0Si\u00c2\u00ab(;o7 to ffri^ ivrA ymi lim.ino. ir .wofiyy n-itnyi (d^iH\\nbS 7 i98fJo 9ao nno orii .vt; j (juii/pi;/ .Ty/xoi fiA yd /rrj-- lyrrfjyyq*! yjiO\\n/;yTf{s {*i9Xi.9 P, lo snol s;9dyai .j. gi9 modn .di^.h -^a sil nV rytrcw yr.\\n.bfcyd ydJ LiewO; ^9Jk ^d .yfJh .-so (.R3 t.tr: a tro ni b ravKf* t[Huru(n luiliy\\nfiwo rd lislxr^yni ba.B .ar i lisp.fob tf /ifl bruj fjRyd r. yfrjvtyd ^X ;nH.tto/n tkHio\\n.9 7/; lo y^bo lysi oi Jr. lO Y/-o;yd ynU /f-ififl .sntt to yfefsd ik Jy,f;d .-jo ^.-^mi/hHa:\\nA-. ^r!. \u00e2\u0080\u00a2^ai-idafl oj /ywtxiGM nro it .syiod?; ibssHH no ,r)hl .u M dtfOvT ..rf;t/diiH\\n.ba(: \u00c2\u00abr Hy tf :^f;r/ fii\\n;d.t rfcfi jir ,*9 ii.,. :r vfiwori- .-i.T-tH yd.Ho aOffK.Rqmo\\n.-.odyui ni a9r.*j9q-. yfdftrfcj ,d;ift ydl ii.", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "^YCLhthtt/5\\nM,\\n:^v\\nBy\\nPI. ATI I.", "height": "3300", "width": "2449", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "OCT 25 1900", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3442", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n002 824 408 3", "height": "3578", "width": "2236", "jp2-path": "contributiontoou00oreg_0028.jp2"}}