{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3673", "width": "2433", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "Digitized by the Internet Archive\\nin 2011 with funding from\\nThe Library of Congress\\nhttp://www.archive.org/details/johngreenleafwhiOOburt", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "THE BEACON BIOGRAPHIES\\nEDITED BY\\nM. A. DeWOLFE HOWE\\nJOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER\\nBY\\nRICHARD BURTON", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "BO\u00c2\u00a7TO^", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER\\nRICHARD BURTON\\nBOSTON\\nSMALL, MAYNARD COMPANY\\nMDCCCCI\\n1", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Copyright, ipoi\\nBy Small, Maynard Company\\n(Incorporated)\\nEntered at Stationers Hall\\nIthe library ov\\ncongress,\\nI Two Copies Received\\nMAY. 2 1901\\nCOPYmSHT ENTRY\\nCLASS^ XXc. N\u00c2\u00ab.\\nC\u00c2\u00abPY R\\nPress of\\nGeorge H. Ellis, Boston", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "The frontispiece is after a crayon portrait\\nby Charles A. Barry, of which a large\\nphotograph, now rare, was published in\\n1859. In this volume, and in u Whittier\\nas a Politician (Boston, 1901: Charles E.\\nGoodspeed), the picture is now first re-\\nproduced in smaller form. The present\\nengraving is by John Andrew Son,\\nBoston.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "t\\nTO MY MOTHER", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "PKEFACE.\\nIt has been the aim in writing this little\\nbook to tell straightforwardly the quiet but\\nattractive story of Whittled s life. I have\\nsought to give its salient events in such a\\nmanner that the essential characteristics of\\nthe man might be brought out, and his qual-\\nities as an author thereby explained. De-\\ntailed criticism of his works has been\\nshunned as contrary to the plan, the scope,\\nof the biography existing contributions of\\nthat hind are ample and authoritative. At\\nthe same time such estimates of Whittier J s\\npoetry have been given as shall make plain\\nhis development of character and explain his\\nimportant position in American letters. In\\na biography, especially in one so sternly\\ncompressed within narrow limits, the object\\nof interest is the man in his work whereas\\nin literary criticism it may well be the\\nwork, for the better understanding of which\\nwe scrutinise the man.\\nSuch has been the ideal in making this", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "x PEEFACE\\nvolume, however far short of it I may have\\nfallen. I ivill only add that there is a\\npeculiar satisfaction in studying a man,\\na maker of literature, like John Greenleaf\\nWhittier, because of the beautiful corre-\\nspondence between his life and his ivork.\\nThe student comes to feel that, in the high\\nwords of Lanier,\\nSis song was only living aloud;\\nSis work, a singing with his hand.\\nR. B.\\nMinneapolis, October, 1900.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CHKONOLOGY.\\n1807\\nDecember 17. John Greenleaf Whittier\\nwas born at Haverhill, Massachusetts.\\n1815\\nDecember 7. Elizabeth Whittier was\\nborn.\\n1826\\nJune 8. Whittier s first published poem,\\nThe Exile s Departure, appeared in\\nthe Newburyport Free Press.\\n1827\\nMay 1. Entered Haverhill Academy,\\nwhere he spent two terms of six months\\neach.\\n1828-29\\nSpent the winter in Boston, editing the\\nAmerican Manufacturer.\\n1830\\nBegan editing the Haverhill Gazette.\\nWent to Hartford to edit the New Eng-\\nland Beview.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "xii CHKONOLOGY\\n1831\\nPublished his first book, Legends of\\nNew England.\\n1832\\nPublished Moll Pitcher.\\n1833\\nPublished Justice and Expediency.\\nNovember. Went to Philadelphia as\\ndelegate to National Anti-slavery So-\\nciety.\\nDecember. One of the committee to\\ndraft the Declaration of Sentiments.\\n1835\\nElected Eepresentative of Haverhill in\\nState legislature.\\nStoned by a mob in Concord, New\\nHampshire.\\n1836\\nAgain assumed editorial charge of the\\nHaverhill Gazette.\\nSold the Haverhill farm, and removed to\\nAmesbury.\\nPublished Mogg Megone.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "CHRONOLOGY xiii\\n1837\\nIsaac Knapp, of Boston, published first\\nedition of Whittier s poems, entitled\\nPoems written during the Progress of the\\nAbolition Question in the United States,\\nbetween the Tears 1830 and 1838.\\n1838\\nBecame editor of the Pennsylvania Free-\\nman of Philadelphia.\\nMay 17. Pennsylvania Hall, in which\\nwas Whittier s office, burned by a mob.\\n1840\\nFebruary. Severed his connection with\\nthe Freeman, and returned to Amesbury.\\n1843\\nPublished Lays of my Home, and Other\\nPoems.\\n1844\\nWent to Lowell for six months to edit\\nthe Middlesex Standard.\\n1845\\nPublished The Stranger in Lowell.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "xiv CHEOSTOLOGY\\n1847\\nBegan writing for the Washington Na-\\ntional Era.\\n1849\\nPublished Voices of Freedom.\\n1850\\nPublished Songs of Labour.\\n1854\\nPublished Maud Muller in the Era.\\n1857\\nWhittier s mother died.\\nContributed poem entitled The Gift of\\nTritemius to the initial number of the\\nAtlantic Monthly.\\nTicknor Fields published complete\\nedition of Whittier s poems, known as\\nBlue and Gold Edition.\\n1858\\nPublished Telling the Bees in the\\nAtlantic.\\nElected Overseer of Harvard College.\\n1860\\nPublished Some Ballads y and Other\\nPoems.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "CHEONOLOGY xv\\n1860 {continued)\\nMember of the electoral college.\\nEeceived the degree of M. A. from Har-\\nvard.\\n1863\\nPublished In War Time, and Other\\nPoems.\\n1864\\nElizabeth Whittier died.\\n1866\\nPublished Snow-Bound and prose work\\nin two volumes.\\nEeceived degree of LL.D. from Brown\\nUniversity.\\n1867\\nPublished The Tent on the Beach.\\n1868\\nPublished Among the Sills, and Other\\nPoems.\\n1870\\nPublished Miriam, and Other Poems.\\n1874\\nPublished Mabel Martin.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "xvi CHEONOLOGY\\n1876\\nEemoved to Oak Knoll, Danvers.\\nWrote the Centennial Hymn for the Ex-\\nposition at Philadelphia.\\n1877\\nDecember 17. Dinner, in honour of\\nWhittier, given by Houghton, Mifflin\\nCo. to the contributors of the Atlantic\\nMonthly.\\n1881\\nPublished The King s Missive, and Other\\nPoems.\\n1886\\nPublished St. Gh egortfs Guest, and Other\\nPoems.\\n1888\\nEiverside Edition of Whittier s writings\\nwas published.\\n1892\\nPublished At Sundown.\\nSeptember 7. John Greenleaf Whittier\\ndied at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.\\nLongfellow lias declared that an\\nautobiography is what a biography\\nought to be. Conversely, any piece\\nof biographical writing should have an\\nautobiographic quality should be an\\nimpression, an interpretation, quite as\\nmuch as a summary of facts. Facts,\\nto be sure, are of use as wholesome cor-\\nrectives of prejudice or whimsy but in\\nthe condensed narrative of a life there is\\ndanger that they may tyrannise.\\nIn studying a clear-cut, sane, noble\\ncharacter like Whittier s, however, in-\\nterpretation follows fact in a straight\\nline of derivation. There is small ex-\\ncuse for indirection or puzzling. Per-\\nhaps no man is a saint to his biographer.\\nBut, for a type like Whittier, some such\\nepithet seems to hit nearer the mark\\nthan a subtler word. The tragic two-\\nsidedness more often found in men, and", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "2 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nexpressed imaginatively by the case of\\nDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, does not ap-\\npear in the Whittier mould. But this\\nis not saying that Whittier was not\\nevery inch a man. His goodness came\\nthrough struggle, and was the positive\\nexpression of a strong nature. One of\\nthe lessons to be drawn from the story\\nof his days is that his career was\\nbroader than that of the recluse man of\\nletters one in which life was reckoned\\nas more than literature, with the result\\nthat the literature it evoked was always\\nan honest outcome of the life itself.\\nAncestry, remote and immediate, plays\\na part in the formation of character in-\\ncreasingly important in our present-day\\nbiologic view when exaggerated, in-\\ndeed, pushing into pure fatalism. Cer-\\ntainly, any man is largely explained in\\nand by his forbears. Whittier s were\\nsturdy farmer-folk, able-bodied, strong-\\nminded, God-fearing, an exceeding good\\nstock to come from none better, one is", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "JOHN GBEEXLEAF WIIITTIEB 3\\ninclined to say, remembering the similar\\ngenealogy of many notable Americans as\\nwell as men of other lands. It is a more\\naccurate use of the phrase than is custom-\\nary to say that the poet was of a good\\nfamily. When Whittier was born, his\\nancestors had been for more than one\\nhundred and fifty years in a corner of\\nMassachusetts. Their roots went down\\ndeep into the soil. The seventeenth- cen-\\ntury Thomas Whittier, who, with several\\nof his kin, came from England to Boston\\nin 1638, and settled in Salisbury near\\nAmesbury (afterwards to be made fa-\\nmous by his descendant), was a strong\\nman of his hands, a giant in stature,\\na man, too, of mental and moral\\nstrength hence one of mark among his\\nneighbours as we see by sundry posi-\\ntions of trust which he held. In 1647 he\\nmoved to Haverhill, built a log house,\\nand, when well on in years, cut the\\noaken beams for the Whittier homestead\\nwherein John Greenleaf Whittier, most", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "4 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\ndistinguished of the name, was born De-\\ncember 17, 1807. The poet thus had\\nthe advantage of passing his youth in a\\npaternal dwelling murmurous with fam-\\nily traditions for more than a century,\\nand of being country-bred a good\\nthing for anybody, for a man of song\\nalmost a birthright.\\nThomas Whittier lived through the\\ntroublous Indian times, and was known\\nas a fearless friend of the red man. He\\nwas well inclined, too, towards the\\nQuakers, though not himself of their\\nsect. There is record to show that his\\nskilful services were often called upon\\nfor road-laying and like necessary work.\\nThe poet derives through the youngest\\nson, Joseph by name, whose marriage in\\n1694 with Mary Peasley, Haverhill s\\nleading Quaker, brings in the spiritual\\ninfluence which was controlling in sub-\\nsequent generations.\\nThis Joseph s son, of the same name,\\nmarried Sarah Greenleaf in 1739, and", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 5\\ntheir son Joseph had eleven children,\\nof whom John and Moses bought the\\nHaverhill farm of the other heirs, and\\ndevoted themselves to its cultivation.\\nOf the brother John, who in 1804 mar-\\nried Abigail Hussey, the second child\\nof four was John Greenleaf. Among\\nthe others, the most interesting to us\\nis Elizabeth Whittier, a sister around\\nwhom gather associations hardly less\\nlovely than those that make forever\\nmelodious William Wordsworth s dear\\nhousemate Dorothy.\\nWhittier s most marked personal traits\\nseem to have been derived from the\\nmaternal stock. His mother was de-\\nscended from a family of distinction in\\nEngland on her mother s side from the\\nrather remarkable sixteenth- century par-\\nson, Stephen Bacheler. It was from this\\nstalwart non- conformist, who came to\\nAmerica when over seventy, planted the\\ntown of Hampton, New Hampshire,\\nmarried a child-wife, and, returning to", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "6 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nEngland at the age of ninety-two, lived\\nto be well-nigh one hundred, that John\\nGreenleaf Whittier got his brilliant\\nbrown eye and in character, it may be,\\nsome part at least of his resolute will and\\nzeal for reform. One can but cherish\\nmore sympathetic feelings for Whittier s\\nmother than for his other parent. She\\nit was who was interested especially in\\nhis securing an education, and lent a\\nkindly ear to his fledgling literary\\nefforts. Her portrait reveals a face\\nuniting sweetness and strength. In\\nher presence were dignity and charm.\\nThe intellectual sympathy between her\\nand her son close and constant for\\nhalf a century was remarkable. It\\nrecalls Goethe s relation to that sprightly\\nand keen-witted mother of his. Not\\nalways are poets thus blessed in their\\nmothers. John, the father, although\\nfor the place and time a man of unu-\\nsual cultivation, and possessing decided\\nvigour of mind, was a man of action", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 7\\nrather than of speech, and first and fore-\\nmost a farmer, who desired his son to\\nfollow in his footsteps also a Quaker\\nwho looked somewhat askance at the\\nboy s literary leanings. It is worth\\nnoting that for several generations, in\\nthe direct line of descent, Whittier s an-\\ncestors, like himself, were children born\\nlate in wedlock, his own father being\\nforty-eight at the poet s birth.\\nThe predominance of mental and spirit-\\nual qualities in this frail-bodied son of a\\nsturdy race may have a close connection\\nwith this biologic detail. Whittier, like\\nStevenson and Lanier, was all his life\\ndelicate, holding his health upon an\\nuncertain tenure and his career was\\nvitally affected by the circumstance. The\\nglowing eyes in the thin, ascetic face\\nbespoke the invalid who was yet sur-\\ncharged with an alert activity, and did\\nright cheerily a man s work in the\\nworld.\\nThe Whittier homestead was situated", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "8 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nin the east parish of Haverhill, in that\\nangle of Massachusetts, as Ik Marvel\\nputs it, where the Merrimac, weary of\\nits spindles, finds its way, near the old\\ntown of Newburyport, into the sea.\\nEssex County, in the north-eastern corner\\nof the State, borders on New Hamp-\\nshire part of Haverhill was once in\\nthe Granite State and in scenery has\\nmore of its rugged contours than of the\\npastoral effects of southerly Massachu-\\nsetts. The town is in a bold hill country,\\nset about by dome-shaped hills covered\\nwith a thick growth of wood. No neigh-\\nbour s house was visible from the Whit-\\ntier place, which is some three miles out\\nfrom the present city of forty thousand\\ninhabitants, and just off the main\\nroad leading to Amesbury. The valley\\nseemed shut away from the world yet\\nso close was the ocean that its waters\\ncould be seen from an elevation, and in\\nthe imagination its note could be faintly\\nheard. Near by, Great Hill, often", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "JOHX GKEEXLEAF WHITTIER 9\\nclimbed by Whittier as boy and man,\\ncommands a view of many towns, with\\nMonadnock and Wachusett dominant in\\nthe landscape. The situation of the\\nhome is described in the poet s own\\nhappy words It was surrounded by\\nwoods in all directions save to the south-\\neast, where a break in the leafy wall re-\\nvealed a vista of low, green meadows,\\npicturesque with wooded islands and\\njutting capes of upland. Through these\\na small brook, noisy enough as it foamed,\\nrippled and laughed down its rocky falls,\\nby our garden side, wound, silently and\\nscarcely visible, to a still larger stream,\\nknown as the Country Brook. This\\nbrook in its turn, after doing duty at two\\nor three saw and grist mills, the clack of\\nwhich we could hear in clear days across\\nthe intervening woodlands, found its way\\nto the great river and the river took it\\nup, and bore it down to the great sea.\\nAn ideal environment this, one instinc-\\ntively exclaims, for a nature poet.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "10 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nThe house itself, now familiar to the\\nworld in pictures and open to the liter-\\nary pilgrim, is a plain, substantial struct-\\nure, with a row of Lombardy poplars, at\\nthe time of Whittier s boyhood, at the\\ngate, and a big barn across the road.\\nIn that most autobiographic of poems,\\nSnow-Bound, besides the etchings of the\\ninmates of the home, there are many\\nstill-life touches vividly reproducing\\nthese early external surroundings.\\nThe house, too, was not a bad one for\\nan imaginative lad to live in, with its\\nbig kitchen, whose fireplace was eight\\nfeet between jambs one of the good\\nold-fashioned sort, as sure to have its\\ncrane as the well outside was to have\\nits well sweep. One can fancy the\\nyoung Whittier reading before this\\nample hearthstone by candle-light or\\nplaying some homely game, perhaps, on\\nthe polished deal table, about which\\nthe family commonly gathered, or,\\nagain, dreaming on rainy days in the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEE 11\\noak-ribbed, ancient attic. He listened\\nwith wide-eyed wonder to the romantic\\ntales told him by Uncle Moses, a mem-\\nber of the household. Leading directly\\nto this conjuring-place above was the\\nboy s bedroom in the second story an\\nunfinished room, with the dark old\\nrafters showing and the stairs a mere\\nladder, perhaps the better loved. His\\nmother s tiny bedroom off the ample\\nkitchen bespeaks rigid economy of\\nspace yet the house as a whole, with\\nits carefully preserved quaint furniture\\nand air of comfort, makes an impression\\nof generous size on the visitor to-day\\nmoreover, of quiet dignity and gentility.\\nIt was no peasant s home. The group\\nabout the Haverhill hearth was a very\\ndifferent one from that limned in The\\nCotter s Saturday Night. And the boy\\ntook his share in the farm duties. His\\nlack of bodily vigour made some of the\\nchores rather hard, an injury received\\nin stone-lifting making the case worse.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "12 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\nA good deal of the work was done, we\\ngather, of necessity rather than with\\nrelish. Whittier always believed that\\nearly exposure to wind and weather in\\nthose charming old days, when cloth-\\ning was alarmingly unhygienic, begot\\nthe physical unsoundness that so ham-\\npered him in later life. The farm\\nwork had its good side, however for\\nthe boy loved animals, and had much\\nfun with the horses and cattle. Then\\nhe was forced to be much in the open\\nair, and had the fellowship of nature s\\nbeauty, which was unconsciously ab-\\nsorbed, to be given out in after time\\nto the world in verse that best revealed\\nhis genius. Nor must it be understood\\nthat the young John kicked against\\nthe pricks in facing his homely tasks.\\nHe says himself that he found about\\nequal satisfaction in an old rural home,\\nwith the shifting panorama of the sea-\\nsons, in reading a few books within my\\nreach, and dreaming of something won-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREEXLEAF WHITTIER 13\\nderful and good somewhere in the fut-\\nure. A young fellow of imagination\\nall compact under such circumstances\\ncan always exclaim with Dyer, My\\nmind to me a kingdom is.\\nAnd indoors he was devouring what-\\never in the way of books he could lay\\nhis hands on, the provender being scant.\\nFew books were to be found in a New\\nEngland farm-house even of the better\\nclass in those days of the young century.\\nMost of the volumes on John the senior s\\nshelves had to do with the somewhat\\ndry literature of early Quakerism. But\\nthe Bible was handy, and truly handled\\nand no American poet no modern\\npoet, indeed was better nourished on\\nthat great collection of writings. As\\nrock-bed for future building, nothing\\ncould be of more value in the education\\nof a man of letters. Buskin s eloquent\\ntestimony to his maternal installation\\nin the Scriptures may be given wide\\napplication.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "14 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nWhittier s first schooling was got from\\nan intermittent attendance at the dis-\\ntrict school half a mile away and a\\nteacher there, one Joshua Coffin, of dim\\nrenown as antiquarian and local his-\\ntorian, brought him a copy of Eobert\\nBurns, with the result that the homely\\nlittle volume of the Scotch bard was a\\nveritable Aladdin s lamp to the magic\\nworld of poesy. And the young rhym-\\nster s first efforts (he began them as a\\nsmall boy) savoured, naturally enough,\\nof that earlier people-poet. A little be-\\nfore, his imagination had been fired by\\nthe coming to the farm of a Scotch\\nwandering Willie, who had recited\\nsome of Burns s lyrics to the lad after\\nthe manner of the itinerant ballad-\\nmonger, dialect and all. Until he was\\nnineteen the district school stood for\\nall ofWhittier s formal education; but\\nin any general estimate of his unfold-\\ning powers the legendary stories of his\\nuncle, the allurements of river, hill, and", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 15\\nmeadow, of earth and sky, the readings\\nfrom the Bible, or the occasional stand-\\nard poet who found his way into the\\nhouse all these must be reckoned with.\\nEducational advantages fuller a hundred-\\nfold are often made less of. Whittier\\nwas emphatically a self-made man in\\nthe noblest sense. His education was\\nnot time-limited by school or college\\nit reached through his whole long life.\\nThe letters of his maturity are those of\\na widely read and cultivated man a\\nlittle fond, in fact, of airing a classic\\nallusion as who should say, such things\\nare not for the college-bred alone But\\nto such a man the will to learn is more\\nthan a prescribed curriculum. His\\nsheepskin is signed by the wise head-\\nmaster, Experience.\\nWhittier s natural faculty in verse-\\nmaking stood him in good stead in the\\ngetting of so much academic training as\\nwas to fall to his lot. Poetical contribu-\\ntions during 1826 to the Free Press of", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "16 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTTEK\\nNewburyport and the Gazette of Haver-\\nhill led the respective editors, William\\nLloyd Garrison and A. W. Thayer, in\\nturn to seek the young writer s father,\\nand urge him to send his promising son\\nto the Haverhill Academy. The elder\\nWhittier yielded, though, as it appears,\\nhalf grudgingly scholastic culture did\\nnot seem altogether a proper ideal to the\\ndevout Quaker of that time. The stip-\\nulation was that young John should pay\\nhis own way, which he did by making\\nslippers at twenty-five cents the pair,\\nand so went blithely to the academy for\\nsix months, making an auspicious start\\nfor an ode of his composition was sung\\nat the exercises opening the new build-\\ning. The poetising had been under way\\nfor years. In his early teens rhymes\\nwere concocted in the little bedroom\\nover his mother s room, before the old\\ndesk, which, recovered and refurnished\\nby friends, it was his pleasure to use for\\nsuch purposes in after years. Tradition", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK 17\\nhas it that his first attempts at versify-\\ning were made upon the beam of his\\nmother s loom a report so pleasantly\\ncongruous with the homeliness of the\\npoet s early surroundings that one may\\nat least call it well found.\\nTwo terms at the academy constituted\\nthe sum and substance of Whittier s\\nhigher schooling, the second term being\\nbroken by a turn at school-teaching in\\nthe winter of 1827-28. That he made\\ngood use of his time may be well be-\\nlieved. Access to the libraries of the\\ntown was a valuable adjunct to the aca-\\ndemic experience. The riches of the\\nolder English literature were opened to\\nhim, and his own style was moulded by\\nthis influence for high uses to come. The\\nfirst thought is one of regret that Whit-\\ntier could not have had a longer time\\nfor his conventional learning years. He\\nwas the kind to make the most of them.\\nYet, as already hinted, in the light of\\nhis after career, it may be felt that, along", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "18 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nwith the loss inevitable to such a restric-\\ntion of a liberal culture, went some com-\\npensatory gain. During this period of\\nhis studies he continued to turn out\\na great deal of verse. Nearly ninety\\npieces appeared in the Gazette alone\\nduring 1827-28, most of them signed by\\npen-names or initials. He was becoming\\naccustomed to seeing himself in print.\\nThe u first wild careless rapture had\\nmoderated since that day when, as he\\nworked with his father on the home\\nfarm, tugging away at a stone for a\\nstone wall, the postman rode by on\\nhorseback, and tossed him a copy of the\\nFree Press of Newburyport, which con-\\ntained in the poet s corner, to his dazed\\ndelight, The Exile s Departure, his\\nfirst printed poem. It had been surrep-\\ntitiously sent by sister Mary. Such\\nraptures are not recurrent. But by\\nthis time his hopes fed more soaring\\nambitions.\\nAt this time Whittier in personal ap-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "JOHX GKEEXLEAF WHITTIEB 19\\npearance was, in the words of an inti-\\nmate woman friend, a very handsome,\\ndistinguished-looking young man. His\\neyes were remarkably beautiful. He\\nwas tall, slight, and very erect a bash-\\nful youth, but never awkward. The\\nlikenesses of him, especially those taken\\nin maturity or old age, and hence more\\nfamiliar to the general public, accent-\\nuate the austerity of his countenance.\\nHis face in repose if that horrid rigour\\nwhich is the average photographer s op-\\nportunity can be so called had this se-\\nvere cast but all the pictures lose the\\nmobile play of the features and the illu-\\nminating smile and eye, which made a\\nfar more winning effect. It may be\\nadded that the pictures taken in old age\\nrepresent him when he had lost all his\\nteeth, and the expression of the mouth\\nwas affected thereby. From various\\ntestimony it may be gathered that he was\\nof lively disposition, of much wit, in-\\nclined to playful teasing at times, mod-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "20 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nest, keenly sensitive to the humourous\\ndespite his gravely decorous demeanour.\\nEvidently, he was just the sort of young\\nfellow to be at his best with his inti-\\nmates, and likely to be misread by the\\ncasual observer.\\nHe showed thus early that interest in\\ncurrent events and local history which\\nwas to be so marked a characteristic of\\nhis whole life, planning a history of\\nthe town of Haverhill, for example, and\\nworking with his pen and by other prac-\\ntical means against such evils as war and\\nthe rum-shop. It is necessary to realise\\nat the threshold of this man s career that\\nalong with the idealist s singing strain in\\nhim went a hard-headed practicality and\\ngift for affairs that hint at a farmer in-\\nheritance. The school- days over, and\\nthe young man, his majority almost at-\\ntained, in the common position of young\\nmen, eager for life s work, but unaware\\nwhat they are destined to do, help came\\nby way of a suggestion from Whittier s", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK 21\\nfriend Garrison, who was now editing in\\nBoston that pioneer temperance paper,\\nthe Philanthropist The editorship was\\noffered to the Haverhill poet, as Garrison\\nwished to give his time to other reform\\nwork. This post, after due reflection\\nthe sort of solemn, pious consideration\\nwhich the elder generation was wont\\nto give important steps in life was\\naccepted. Thus began Whittier s con-\\nnection with journalism, which was\\nthroughout his years a shaping influence.\\nIn this channel much of his most fruitful\\npower moved and had its being. His\\nwork as a reformer, through the medium\\nof the press, inclusive of his verse con-\\ntributions of a polemic character, seemed,\\nin fact, during a good share of his life-\\ntime his main achievement. It is only in\\nthe light of retrospect that his transcend-\\nent worth as a singer of songs homely,\\nlegendary, and spiritual comes to be\\nappreciated to the full.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "II.\\nFrom the time lie assumed charge in\\nBoston of the political weekly, the\\nAmerican Manufacturer, published, like\\nthe Philanthropist, by the Colliers, Whit-\\ntier s chief work was editorial for a pe-\\nriod of four years, with, however, a steady\\nprosecution of writing of a more literary\\nnature miscellaneous poems and prose\\nsketches. Those years were very im-\\nportant, both as affording him plenty of\\npractice in verse-making and in giving\\nvent to his interests in questions of the\\nday. His paper was a Henry Clay\\norgan. In it he discussed the tariff\\nquestion, and favoured protection at a\\ntime when to do so was daring. Thereby\\nhe made political capital in Massachu-\\nsetts. His gift of verse was used in the\\nadvocacy of temperance or against war\\nand slavery. The position he took on\\nthese vital matters already indicated the\\ndefinite stand he was later to make as", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 23\\na reformer but as yet slavery had not\\nbecome a burning issue, and the young\\neditor did not jeopardise his future by\\nthe broadsides he delivered. The early\\nverse written by Whittier, however imi-\\ntative in subject or crude in quality\\nwhen compared with the poetry of\\nhis prime, had a natural lyrical move-\\nment which even then marked him out\\n(for the knowing) as one called to song.\\nThe usual criticisms passed on his art, in\\nits technical limitations, should not blind\\nany one to the fact that, at his worst,\\nWhittier shows an inborn aptitude for\\nnumbers.\\nAfter less than two years in Boston,\\nhe returned to Haverhill to see his\\nfather die. Whittier s whole career was\\nturned aside from steady progress by\\nfamily complications as well as by his\\nown ill-health. But at home he did not\\ncease from journalistic connections, edit-\\ning the local Gazette and contributing as\\na free lance to various other papers,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "24 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIER\\nespecially the New England Review of\\nHartford, Connecticut, the conduct of\\nwhich he accepted after the death\\nof his father left him free. The paper,\\ntill then edited by George D. Pren-\\ntice, was also of the Henry Clay stripe.\\nWhittier s election to its editorship was\\na distinct compliment, quite as much to\\nhis political sagacity as to his literary\\npowers. The quiet, saintly poet (as we\\nnow think of him) had a shrewd head on\\nhis shoulders for matters political. He\\nwas, indeed, for many years confiden-\\ntially consulted by important leaders,\\nand was very influential with pen and in\\nperson. Thus he moved towards the\\npolitical position of which he was am-\\nbitious, until his now honoured but then\\nwell-hated anti-slavery zeal killed for-\\never his chances in this field. The let-\\nters and facts put in evidence in Mr.\\nPickard s Life of Whittier establish this\\nbeyond peradventure.\\nThe Hartford residence extended his", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEEXLEAF WHITTIEE 25\\npolitical experience, and brought him\\ninto enjoyable social relation with per-\\nsons of consideration notably, Mrs.\\nSigourney, the favourite early singer of\\nConnecticut. Again ill-health set a\\nbrief term to his work, which he contin-\\nued for some time after removal to Ha-\\nverhill, but resigned entirely at the\\nbeginning of 1832 reluctantly, by his\\nown confession, for he had become in-\\nterested in the politics of Connecticut,\\nand liked Hartford, which, though lack-\\ning its subsequent literary associations,\\nwas a little city of bustling social life\\nand some intellectual stir. It was while\\nin Hartford that he prepared and pub-\\nlished from the office of the Review his\\nfirst book, Legends of New England in\\nProse and Verse. Most of the work it\\ncontained he wisely excluded from his\\ncollective editions, paying fancy prices,\\nindeed, for stray volumes in after years,\\nthat these u unconsidered trifles might\\nbe suppressed. Tet they show charac-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "26 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nteristic traits love for native story,\\nfacility in narrative, a deep, underlying\\nfeeling for the pathos inherent in com-\\nmon things, and a sure perception of\\nthe place of the spiritual in life. To\\nthis time, too, belongs the narrative\\npoem, Moll Pitcher, afterwards con-\\ndemned by his mature judgment as\\nviolent and truculent.\\nWhittier, while in Hartford, had en-\\ntered into close affiliations with the\\nWhig party in that section, and had\\ncrossed swords with Gideon Welles, the\\nlocal champion of Democracy. When\\nappointed a delegate from Connecticut\\nto the convention of the National Bepub-\\nlican party to be held in Baltimore in\\nDecember of 1831, he had accepted the\\nduty and started for the place of meet-\\ning, but because of indisposition got\\nno further than Boston. This experi-\\nence is illustrative of the next thirty\\nyears of his life. He was forced, for the\\nsame reason, to keep in the background", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEB 27\\nof State and national affairs when taste\\nand ambition called him strongly in\\ntheir direction. An element of pathos\\nlies in this constant balking of his best-\\nlaid plans, but the consolation is obvi-\\nous. The country might have gained a\\nhigh-souled statesman at the expense of\\na dearly loved and truly representative\\nbard. It must not be understood, how-\\never, that Whittier took to verse- writing\\nas a pis-aller. His feeling for it was\\ndeep, even solemn. In a letter to Mrs.\\nSigourney, he says: The truth is, I\\nlove poetry with a love as warm, as\\nfervent, as sincere as any of the more\\ngifted worshippers at the shrine of the\\nMuses. I consider its gift as holy and\\nabove the fashion of the world.\\nThis year of 1832 in some sense marks\\nthe parting of the ways for Whittier.\\nHe had been before the public some half\\na dozen years as a poet, and acquired\\nconsiderable reputation. His verse had\\nbeen widely copied and praised. Over", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "28 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEB\\none hundred poems from his pen had\\nappeared. He had also gained some\\nprominence as editor and political\\nleader and he was a very young man\\nonly twenty-five years of age. The\\nfuture was bright before him. Barring\\nill-health, there was no cloud in his sky.\\nThe friendship of Caleb Cushing, of\\nNewburyport, whom he had helped to\\na seat in Congress, was an anchor to\\nwindward in Whittier s coming political\\ncareer. But now, with these fair pros-\\npects, voluntarily, deliberately, and,\\nno doubt, fully aware of its effect upon\\nhis future, the young fellow it was\\nthe harder and braver for a young man\\nto take such a step stood forth along\\nwith Garrison as a defender of anti-\\nslavery principles. He studied the\\nquestion carefully before the decision\\nwas made. It was not the way of\\nWhittier s mind then or thereafter to\\ngo off half-cocked. Long afterwards\\nColonel Higginson characterised him as", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 29\\nthe keen-eyed, cool Whittier. But,\\nonce his conscience was clear, the stand\\nwas final. For over thirty years he\\nwas to wear the yoke of an unpopular\\ncause to be snubbed, cold-shouldered,\\nreviled, even stoned; to be injured in\\nhis literary fame to be hurt in the\\nhouse of his friends. But his stanch\\ndevotion had its reward, emphatic and\\nsplendid. He lived to see the cause of\\nfreedom triumph to realise that one of\\nhis surest claims to the high name of\\nsinger rested upon the flaming words he\\nhad spoken for the down-trodden of the\\nearth. He lived to hear himself reck-\\noned, along with Garrison, Phillips,\\nSumner, and Mrs. Stowe, as one of the\\nco -efficients of fate in saving a nation\\nfrom lasting infamy. Long afterwards\\nhe wrote For twenty years I was shut\\nout from the favour of booksellers and\\nmagazine editors but I was enabled by\\nrigid economy to live in spite of them,\\nand to see the end of the infernal insti-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "30 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\ntution which proscribed me. Thank\\nGod for it.\\nWhittier did not believe in war. He\\nwas in sympathy with the peaceful lean-\\nings of his sect. This attitude was not\\nthe result of a tame effeminacy. There\\nwas red blood under the prim -cut Quaker\\nblack, and no lack of spirit on occasion.\\nHe says himself that it took long years to\\ndiscipline the Adam in him. The Puri-\\ntans were good fighters in a righteous\\ncause and there was a Bacheler strain in\\nhim as well as a Whittier, be it remem-\\nbered. And, in accepting the slavery\\ncause as his own, he put on the armour\\nof battle for the God of righteousness.\\nHe became not only the laureate of the\\nLiberty party, but a worker in the ranks,\\nupon whom fell the heat and burden of\\nthe day. His pronunciamento was the\\npamphlet published in Haverhill at his\\nown expense in 1833, when he could ill\\nafford it, and entitled Justice and Expe-\\ndiency or y Slavery Considered with a View", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 31\\nto its Bight ful and Effectual Remedy, Aboli-\\ntion. It is a thoroughgoing, uncompro-\\nmising, able, and often eloquent state-\\nment of the abolitionist s position. This\\nmessage was a challenge to the South,\\ntoo bold and defiant not to make power-\\nful enemies for the writer. One of its\\ninevitable consequences was to bring him\\ninto closer relations with Garrison, who\\nshortly before had started the despised\\nbut eventually mighty Liberator in\\nWashington, where, helped by Isaac\\nKnapp and a negro boy, and setting up\\ntype, as it were, with one hand while\\nhe wrote with the other, he fulminated\\nfor unconditional emancipation.\\nIn December of 1833 Whittier was a\\ndelegate to the National Anti-slavery\\nConvention at Philadelphia and a signer\\nof the Declaration of Sentiments. Con-\\nstantly his pen was plied for newspapers\\nin the interests of the cause he had\\nespoused. His poems of the period were\\nprevailingly on the theme. His letters,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "32 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIER\\npublic and private, to influential friends\\nin office indicate an astonishing political\\nsagacity directed to this one noble end.\\nUsing the words in an inoffensive im-\\nplication, Whittier was a gifted poli-\\ntician, a good lobbyist. Along with a\\nlofty idealism went in him a great deal\\nof practical common sense and shrewd\\ncapacity for affairs an inherited trait\\nfrom his farmer forbears. The letters\\nquoted by Mr. Pickard bring this out\\nin a striking way. Whittier felt that\\nso long as a party stood for great princi-\\nples, flaws in its leaders or inconsisten-\\ncies in its platform might be overlooked.\\nHence, when more uncompromising men\\nlike Garrison and Sumner were intoler-\\nant of the existing order, he counselled\\ntoleration, and stuck to the party, prac-\\ntising the Biblical union of serpentine\\nwisdom and dovelike gentleness. Thus,\\nwhatever the mistakes of the successive\\nparties, he was in turn a stanch Whig,\\nLiberal, and Free Soiler. Unlike Gar-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "JOHN GBEENXEAF WHITTIEE 33\\nrison, who wished to overthrow the\\nConstitution, Whittier believed that\\nslavery could be overborne by the\\nagency of party politics and without the\\nsubversion of that great political instru-\\nment and his faith was to be justified,\\nthough the mills of the gods ground\\nslow.\\nThat his local community and State\\nappreciated his character and ability is\\ndemonstrated by his election in 1835 to\\nthe State legislature and re-election the\\nfollowing year but he declined to serve\\nfor more than one year. It is evident\\nthat, had it not been for his adherence to\\na positior of growing unpopularity, the\\npolitical career so auspiciously begun\\nwould not have been untimely checked.\\nBut, in spite of the withdrawal from\\nactual office, he remained for many\\nyears a potent force at the State House,\\na familiar figure there.\\nAnd now the days of his persecution\\nwere at hand. The feeling against the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "34 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nabolitionists was daily deepening, and\\nriotous proceedings were frequent in va-\\nrious places. The Eev. Samuel J. May-\\nattempted to give an anti-slavery lect-\\nure on a Sunday evening of August,\\n1835, in Whittier s native town and for\\ntlie society of which he was correspond-\\ning secretary. The meeting was broken\\nup by a mob outside the walls of the\\nchurch, which hooted, threw stones, and\\notherwise rudely disported itself to the\\ngeneral discomfiture of the ladies in\\nthe audience, among whom were Whit-\\ntier s sister Elizabeth and his especial\\nfriend, Harriet Minot. They, being well-\\nknown to the assailants, were allowed to\\nprotect the speaker from personal harm\\nby walking on either side of him as he\\ncame forth from the building. The\\npoet himself was not in Haverhill at the\\ntime, but was undergoing similar treat-\\nment in the neighbour State of New\\nHampshire. The English abolitionist\\norator, George Thompson, was lectur-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER 35\\ning in this country, and, to escape\\nthe violence of a Salem mob, had lain\\nhidden in Whittier s house for two\\nweeks. The two started thence in com-\\npany to drive to Plymouth, New Hamp-\\nshire, purposing to visit N. P. Eogers,\\na fellow abolitionist and long-time friend\\nof the poet. On the way they stopped\\nover night at Concord, where it was\\narranged that a meeting should be held\\non the return trip. But on the arrival\\nof the twain, Whittier, who was mis-\\ntaken for Thompson, was set upon by\\nseveral hundred men, who threw stones,\\nmud, and rotten eggs at him, despite his\\nQuaker srarb, so that he was somewhat\\nlamed and his clothes were ruined,\\nthough luckily no serious injury was the\\nresult. The proposed meeting was given\\nup and the crowd, inflamed by liquor\\nand the use of fire-arms, became so un-\\nruly in the course of the night that the\\ntwo reformers deemed it the better part\\nof valour to effect an escape, which they", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "36 JOHN GBEEiN T LEAF WHITTIEE\\ndid in the early morning by a side door,\\ndriving out of town by the only road\\nnot guarded by the enemy. Only a\\nmonth later Whittier saw Garrison,\\nwith a rope round his neck, dragged\\nthrough the streets of Boston by a mob\\nwhich had broken up a meeting of the\\nFemale Anti-slavery Society and after-\\nwards he visited his friend in prison.\\nTwo years later, in 1837, at an Essex\\nCounty Anti-slavery Convention held at\\nNewburyport, Massachusetts, Whittier\\nagain saw the meeting terminated by\\nviolence, the speakers, himself included,\\ndeafened by fish-horns and rudely en-\\ntreated, he being, in his own words,\\nassailed with decayed eggs, sticks, and\\nlight missiles, until he departed at\\nwhat he describes as an undignified\\nbut certainly j ustifiable i l trot. A year\\nor two after this, in Philadelphia, he\\nwitnessed another scene of unruly excite-\\nment due to the same cause. As we read\\nhis campaign literature from the vantage-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEEXLEAF WHITTIER 37\\npoint of a later generation, when the\\npassions heated by the moot questions\\nof that day have been cooled by the\\ntouch of time and settled by the dis-\\nposition of history, if poem or prose\\nscreed seem partisan and intemperate\\nat times, be it remembered that they\\nwere the outcome of experiences that\\nwent to the quick of Whittier s soul.\\nThe effect upon his writings of the\\nstand he took for anti-slavery an ef-\\nfect more vividly grasped through the\\nrecollection of scenes like these was\\nhardly less than revolutionary. Before,\\nhis verse had been academic in theme\\nand tone though high in sentiment, and\\nwith a feeling for spiritual issues but\\nnow it became definite, vital, intense.\\nIt is not too much to say that the cause\\nof the black man gave his Pegasus wings.\\nThe grooming necessary to give the\\nhorse its final appearance that was to\\ncome gradually with the years. But a\\nlarge subject and a spontaneous impulse", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "38 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIER\\ncome before and are most important of\\nall.\\nDuring his residence in Haverhill fol-\\nlowing upon the return from Connecticut,\\nbesides the management of the farm of\\nhis forefathers and his political duties in\\nBoston, he edited the Haverhill Gazette\\nfor some months, thus keeping in touch\\nwith journalism, and wrote much mis-\\ncellaneous verse. He published, too, an\\nearly work, the Indian narrative poem,\\nMogg Megone, begun in Hartford, which\\nhas always been retained in the general\\neditions of his works, though finally rel-\\negated to the appendix where an\\nauthor often retains early and disap-\\nproved work, in self- protection against\\ngarbled editions. Whatever the gen-\\neral truculency of the tone of this poem,\\nthe reader may remember that it con-\\ntains an eloquent stanza invoking peace\\nin place of war.\\nA change in the home life must be\\nchronicled here. In 1836 the paternal", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEEKLEAF WHITTIER 39\\nfarm, was sold for three thousand dollars\\nand the family moved to Amesbury, some\\neight miles away, where a modest house\\nwas purchased. The poet was thus re-\\nlieved of an arduous and not too con-\\ngenial care, and was enabled to give\\nhis time to literature and reform. On\\nthe more practical side, the Whittiers\\nwere brought nearer to the Friends 7\\nmeeting-house, which was located near\\nby, on the same Amesbury street. It\\nwas this Amesbury cottage which, with\\nalterations and improvements, made the\\nmain home of the poet for the rest of\\nhis days over half a century. After\\nthis removal, one thinks of him, in the\\nflush of manhood, writing in the little\\nstudy overlooking the garden and ever\\nknown to family and friends as the Gar-\\nden Eoom, the burning songs which,\\ngrouped later as the Voices of Freedom,\\nwere to do so much to hold up the hands\\nof those fain to set free the slave. Of\\nthis period were such well-known lyrics", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "40 JOHN GEEENLEAP WHITTIEE\\nas Toussaint L Ouverture, The\\nYankee Girl/ The Hunters of Men/\\nSong of the Free/ and Kitner.\\nThey appeared in the Liberator, the New\\nEngland Magazine, the Boston Courier,\\nand his own Gazette.\\nBut this quiet, fruitful home life was\\nsoon to change. In the spring of 1837\\nWhittier was called to be the editor of\\nthe Pennsylvania Freeman of Philadel-\\nphia, a journal with a name which\\nclearly indicated its intention and,\\nafter some months consideration, he ac-\\ncepted the invitation, and removed to\\nthe Quaker city. One of his latest ac-\\ntions before the Southern journey was to\\npass several weeks in the Boston legisla-\\nture, seeking to induce its members to\\nexpress displeasure at Van Buren s in-\\naugural address, which, by its Southern\\nleanings, had given sore offence to the\\nabolitionists.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "III.\\nBefore he went to Philadelphia,\\nWhittier spent several months in New\\nYork City as a secretary of the Ameri-\\ncan Anti-slavery Society, working elbow\\nto elbow with other such reformers as\\nJames G. Birney, Theodore D. Weld,\\nand Elizur Wright in the cause they\\nloved. The writing of party literature,\\nthe arranging for lectures, and the in-\\naugurating of an underground railroad\\nfor fugitive slaves kept them busy. His\\nhealth, as always, forbade long office\\nhours but no one of the devoted circle\\nwas more unremitting in labour. It was\\nduring this New York residence that\\nWhittier met Lucy Hooper, the young\\nMassachusetts poet, whom he has ten-\\nderly memorialised in the elegy written\\nwhen she died, four years later, at the\\nage of twenty-four, and in the pensively\\nbeautiful lyric revised in after years.\\nIt is now conceded that Memories", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "42 JOHN GEEEKLEAF WHITTIEK\\nhas an autobiographic value. The ro-\\nmance of his early manhood in all\\nlikelihood the one lyric passage of his\\nlife centred in this gifted girl.\\nWhittier was a bachelor through cir-\\ncumstances rather than by conviction.\\nTo a correspondent he declared that the\\ncare of an aged mother, the duty owed\\nto a sister in delicate health for many\\nyears, must be my excuse for living the\\nlonely life which has called out thy pity.\\nI know there has something very\\nsweet and beautiful been missed, but I\\nhave no reason to complain. I have\\nlearned, at least, to look into happiness\\nthrough the eyes of others, and to thank\\nGod for the happy unions and holy\\nfiresides I have known. Uniformly\\nthroughout his life, as many letters tes-\\ntify, Whittier s attitude towards mar-\\nriage was half-playfully, half-tenderly\\nregretful. He was no sour misogynist.\\nWhen James T. Fields married, he\\nwrote in the vein of winsome humour", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTTER 43\\nthat was one of his charms Bachelor\\nas I am, I congratulate thee on thy\\nescape from single (misery) blessedness.\\nIt is the very wisest thing thee ever did.\\nWere I autocrat, I would see to it that\\nevery young man over twenty-five and\\nevery young woman over twenty was\\nmarried without delay. Perhaps, on\\nsecond thought, it might be well to keep\\none old maid and one old bachelor in\\neach town, by way of warning, just as\\nthe Spartans did their drunken helots.\\nIt may easily be imagined that, had his\\nenvironment and obligations been differ-\\nent, he would early have married. His\\nadmiration for woman, constant and\\nwarm, had in it the worshipful note\\nof a Sir Galahad. The friendships he\\nformed with women were many, and\\namong the most delightful and influen-\\ntial in his experience. Witness the ex-\\nchange of letters between him and Lydia\\nMaria Child, Celia Thaxter, Lucy Lar-\\ncom, Mrs. James T. Fields, Miss Edna", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "44 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEB\\nDean Proctor, Miss Sarah Orne Jewett,\\nto name but a few that spring to\\nmind. It lends a touch of pathos to\\none s thought of the Quaker bard to\\nrealise that Lucy Hooper was for him,\\nin all probability, the ideal which ever\\nafter transfigured the love relation.\\nThe sadness of his own It might have\\nbeen 7 clings to her name like a dim\\nfragrance.\\nThe life in Philadelphia was suf-\\nficiently stirring. Whittier lived with\\nthe Thayers, Quaker friends of the\\nHaverhill days, and wrought quietly\\nbut powerfully with his pen, going little\\ninto social circles. Of the friends then\\nmade was John Dickinson, father of that\\nstriking personality of war days, Anna E.\\nDickinson, whose sister Susan has given\\nus a description of the poet at this time\\nin connection with the exciting episode\\nof the sacking and burning of Pennsyl-\\nvania Hall, in which was Whittier s\\nnewspaper office containing his books", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK 45\\nand papers. The testimony is that he\\nwas, so far as outward seeming goes,\\ncalm and quiet as he hurried about,\\nhelping those in threat of mob violence\\nor the fierce element of flame. As he\\nrecounted it long afterwards, he stood\\nby the side of that sturdy old-time aboli-\\ntionist, Daniel Neall, as he presided at a\\nmeeting in the hall, u while the mob\\nwas pressing in the doors and the glass\\nof the broken windows was shattered\\nover him.\\nPennsylvania Hall had just been\\nerected, that there might be in the city\\na place where not only slavery, but gen-\\neral topics having to do with the rights\\nof man, might be freely discussed. The\\nleading champions of freedom were\\npresent at the dedicatory meetings,\\nwhich finally, on the fourth day, were\\nstopped by the warnings of a mob of\\nfifteen thousand people, in collusion\\nwith the mayor of the town and the\\nbuilding was then fired, the papers in", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "46 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nWhittier s editorial rooms, along with\\nother handy material, being used as\\nfuel. He worked in disguise, to save\\nas much of his property as might be,\\nand promptly published the paper, as\\nusual, the next morning, declaring in a\\nleader that the flame would be seen\\nfrom Maine to Georgia, and that by its\\nlight men would recognise more clearly\\nthan ever the black abominations of the\\nfiend at whose instigation it was kindled.\\nWe may smile, perhaps, at the hyper-\\nbole but then, we were not present at\\nthe burning of Pennsylvania Hall in the\\nyear of grace 1838. And this was only\\none of several riots which occurred in\\nthose history-making days.\\nIt was after his removal to Philadel-\\nphia that the first general edition of his\\npoems appeared under the significant\\ntitle Poems written during the Progress of\\nthe Abolition Question in the United States,\\nbetiveenthe Years 1830 and 1838 long-\\nwinded enough to excite our wonder at", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER 47\\nthe leisurely manner of naming books of\\nthat day. Besides the verse which was\\nprinted in his own paper, the Freeman,\\nhe contributed to the Democratic Review\\nof Washington, although its bias was\\npro-slavery. These early poems, whether\\nfugitive or in book -form, brought him\\nlittle or no financial reward. For a\\nlong time it was newspaper verse, and\\nso regarded by contributor and editor.\\nIt entirely lacked the distinction gained\\nfrom appearing in periodicals primarily\\nliterary in quality. Not until compara-\\ntively late in life indeed, with the\\ninitiation of the Atlantic Monthly in\\n1857, and still more with the publica-\\ntion of Snow-Bound in 1866 did sub-\\nstantial returns for his literary work\\ncome to him. His early verse against\\nslavery was a free-will offering to the\\ncause.\\nLiterary work was varied by trips to\\nNew York City, to Western Pennsylva-\\nnia, or to Amesbury in quest of health", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "48 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nor as an attendant upon some anti-\\nslavery meeting. Whittier s watch, of\\npolitics continued to be close and anx-\\nious. Men in high office were tried\\nand found wanting by the one test of\\ntheir attitude toward the question of\\nliberating the black. Yan Buren, at\\nfirst hailed as a friend, was sorrowfully\\nrejected when he wrote a temporising\\nletter to North Carolina. Henry Clay,\\nlong loved and loyally aided, was repu-\\ndiated when that brilliant statesman saw\\nit to be to his interest to abandon his\\nearlier position in favour of the aboli-\\ntionists. What Whittier deemed Web-\\nster s tergiversation called forth the un-\\nforgettable lament Ichabod. In the\\nsummer of 1839, when Whittier left his\\neditorial post temporarily and returned\\nhome, he laboured zealously in his dis-\\ntrict to produce legislation for the aboli-\\ntion of slavery in the District of Co-\\nlumbia and to restrict the interstate\\nslave-trade, and, when in harness again,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 49\\nagitated among the Pennsylvania poli-\\nticians to the same purpose. When\\nunable to attend anti-slavery meetings\\nin person, he kept up his habit of\\nwriting open letters, which, read to\\nsympathetic audiences, were potent to\\nshape public opinion. But all this stren-\\nuous activity for the sake of what lay\\nso near to his heart proved too much\\nfor his always frail physique. A heart\\ntrouble was discovered by the physicians,\\nand editorial work prohibited. Early in\\n1840 he set his face towards Amesbury,\\naccompanied by his beloved sister Eliza-\\nbeth. The almost constant interruption\\nor limitation of his career by physical\\nailments was to be a serious handicap for\\nWhittier throughout his long and trium-\\nphantly fruitful life. Before he was\\nforty years of age, he was told that his\\ncondition was precarious. Excitement\\nwas forbidden, and travel both in his\\nown land and abroad consequently fore-\\ngone a hard restriction to one who", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "50 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nnaturally delighted in it. He was never\\nable to attend entertainments that in-\\nvolved long sittings. The cardiac pains\\nwere oft-recurring, especially in middle\\nlife; and, less dangerous but more\\nharassing headaches were a continual\\nsource of discomfort. Half an hour s\\nuse of the pen or eyes in reading brought\\non this head-pain. As a result of these\\nafflictions, Whittier was forced to adopt\\nmany of the habits of the valetudinarian,\\nand to absent himself from all sorts\\nof social occasions where a disposition\\nlively by nature and a sincere interest in\\nhis fellow human beings would have\\nmade his presence welcome. Yet, de-\\nspite all this, he outlived almost all his\\ncontemporaries, and got through what\\nwas, in view of the conditions, an aston-\\nishing amount of labour as reformer and\\nwriter. There was an intense energy in\\nhim a force of the spirit. Although\\nhis face was that of an invalid, this vola-\\ntility of temperament spoke in the quick,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIER 51\\nnervous step, the impression of one\\nathletically alive conveyed by the very\\nsight of his back as he walked briskly\\naway.\\nTen years of quiet, earnest, telling\\nwork in the decade between 1840 and\\n1850 followed upon the return to the\\nAmesbury home. There those dear to\\nhim were still gathered Uncle Moses,\\nman of imagination, whose stories had\\nstirred his youth the maiden aunt,\\nMercy, who was to pass away before\\nmany years, in 1846 the beloved\\nmother, who, unlike too many mothers,\\nkept close in touch with her gifted son\\nuntil she, too, was called and the sister\\nLizzie, a true house-mate, ever his confi-\\ndant and faithful critic. Whittier, it\\nmay be repeated, was pre-eminently a\\nhome-keeping man. His favourite deity\\nwas the hearth goddess, Hestia. Bache-\\nlor though he was, he knew more of\\nhousehold joys than falls to the lot of the\\nmajority of mankind.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "52 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEB\\nUnremittingly lie laboured for the\\nslave in the mean time. He helped to\\nlaunch the new Liberty party and to\\nnominate Birney, when it was felt by\\nthose who espoused the welfare of the\\nslave that neither of the existing na-\\ntional parties was equal to the issue.\\nAnd for literature (with his eye sternly\\non practical life) he produced many of\\nhis most characteristic pieces, to be pub-\\nlished in such volumes as Lays of my\\nSome, Voices of Freedom, and Songs of\\nLabour. These struck several of the dom-\\ninant notes which sounded through and\\nmade distinctive and dear the verse of\\nthis poet the note of freedom and the\\nnote of home these, together with the\\npraise of nature and the expression of\\npersonal faith the song spiritual\\nrunning the gamut of his music. But,\\nas one reads the record of his daily\\ndoings, his activity seems to be practical\\nrather than literary, to have to do with\\naffairs more than with books which,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 53\\nindeed, is the impression created stead-\\nily by Whittier s life up to the days after\\nthe war. Then, the great cause won\\nfor which he strove, and in which,\\nthough a believer in peace, he had yet\\nfought right valiantly and made the pen\\nfull as mighty as the sword, he felt\\nthat he might properly consider his\\ncareer as an agitator ended, and turn\\nto the calmer duties and pleasures of\\nhomespun song. Again and again in his\\ncorrespondence occur remarks to indi-\\ncate that he looked at his literary work\\nas an aside, the central thing being his\\nwork as reformer. Hence it was that\\nwhen, later in life, he was hailed as a\\nrepresentative American poet, his pleas-\\nure in the appellation was tempered by\\ndoubt, and a sincere disqualifier sprang\\nto his lips. It seemed to him his useful-\\nness had lain in a less pretentious field\\nof endeavour. There was no touch of\\nmock-modesty in this. No one can read\\nhis letters, and fail to get a sense of it.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "54 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\nI set a higher value, he said, on\\nmy name as appended to the anti-slav-\\nery declaration than on the title-page of\\nany book.\\nWe have noted that Whittier s work\\nin politics was not confined to his efforts\\nof persuasion by correspondence nor to\\nhis burning deliverances in verse. In\\nhis own district in Massachusetts, for ex-\\nample, in order to prevent the election\\nof the regular Whig and Democratic\\ncandidates, who were cold to the cause,\\nhe stood himself for several years in suc-\\ncession as the third party candidate.\\nHis vote increased steadily and in 1843\\nit looked as if, pursuant to the advice of\\nDaniel Webster, the Whigs would unite\\nwith the Liberty people and elect Whit-\\ntier whereupon, alarmed, he withdrew\\nhis name. By this time all thought of\\nfollowing a political career once so de-\\nsired had been abandoned. The state\\nof his health proscribed it. That this\\nwas a trial to him, we know, since", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 55\\nmarked natural aptitudes and tastes\\nled him into that political hippodrome\\nof which the too common courses are\\nto be purified only by such men as he.\\nIt gives one a sense of how truly\\nWhittier had been writing without\\nthought of remuneration, to recall that\\nhis volume, Lays of my Some, and Other\\nPoems, published in 1843, when he was\\nnearer forty than thirty years old, was\\nthe first edition of his works to bring\\nhim any reward worth mentioning. As\\nyet he had no realisation of the market\\nvalue of his wares. Every now and then\\nsome event of the moment drew from\\nhim a fiery lyric, as when the Latimer\\nfugitive slave case in the Massachusetts\\ncourts evoked Massachusetts to Vir-\\nginia, 7 one of his clear-sounding cla-\\nrion calls. The poem, u Texas Voice\\nof New England, coming when the\\ncountry was stirred to the depths over\\nthe question of the admission of that\\nrepublic as a free State, is another il-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "56 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nlustration. It is not so easy to realise\\nnow the wide and immediate effect of\\nWhittier s verse polemics at this time.\\nCopied from paper to paper, they liter-\\nally swept through the land and moulded\\nthe thought of the people. To bring\\nabout such a result, something more\\nthan virile verse is needed namely,\\nsome large national issue by which the\\nwhole nation can be aroused, and array\\nitself in opposing factions. The twenty\\nyears preceding the Civil War furnished\\na pretty steady supply of such motives.\\nIn our own day, at least until very re-\\ncently, the prevailing issues have been\\nsuch as to awaken less of passionate in-\\nterest, and therefore to provide less stir-\\nring themes.\\nThe ballads and narratives in the col-\\nlection referred to indicated what felici-\\ntous use Whittier could make of the le-\\ngendary material lying unquarried in the\\nlocal soil he knew so well knew with\\nthat deepest, tenderest knowledge of the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "JOHX GBEEXLEAF WHITTIER 57\\nmemory, the heart s memory of youth.\\nEditorial work for papers in Lowell and\\nAmesbury during this period further\\nsubdued his hand to the dye it worked\\nin. In 1845 began the correspondence\\nwith Charles Suinner, which started a\\nnoble friendship, to be closed only with\\nthe latter s death. The two leaders,\\neach in his way, for long years fought\\nside by side. For the Free Soil party\\nAVhittier did yeoman service in the way\\nof satiric verse and a favourite reposi-\\ntory for it was found in the National Era\\nwhich Gamaliel Bradford, after issuing\\nfor years a similar publication in Cincin-\\nnati, started in Washington in 1847, and\\ncontinued to bring out, undaunted by\\nthreats of personal indignity and actual\\nattacks. This weekly, the organ of the\\nAmerican and Foreign Anti-slavery So-\\nciety, and soon to win new fame as the\\nagent which first introduced Uncle Tom s\\nCabin to the American people, was for\\na dozen years the magazine in which", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "58 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\nWhittier s best poems were printed. He\\nwas, in fact, its corresponding editor\\nfrom the first number to the death of\\nBradford in 1860. Under his kindly en-\\ncouragement the paper attracted some\\nof the ablest writers of the day Lucy\\nLarcom, the Cary sisters, Mrs. South-\\nworth, Grace Greenwood, Mrs. Stowe,\\nand later Hawthorne, whose The Great\\nStone Face was published here. It\\nwas through its columns that Whittier s\\nfriendship with Bayard Taylor was\\nbegun, another of those close, mutually\\nfervent relations, of which his life was so\\nfull. When an old man, he declared\\nthat fame was little to him. The world\\nto him meant the people he had learned\\nto love and who loved him. His whole\\nstory illuminates the saying.\\nOf his own verse, such familiar things\\nas Barclay of Ury, Angels of\\nBuena Yista, Maud Muller, The\\nHill-top, and Ichabod are a few\\nof the many poems which first got into", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 59\\nprint through the Era. In the neigh-\\nbourhood of ninety poems by him are\\nto be found in its columns, besides edi-\\ntorials and prose sketches, among the\\nlatter the pleasing historical study en-\\ntitled Leaves from Margaret Smith s Jour-\\nnal. Through the troublous days of the\\nFree Soil nomination of Van Buren and\\nthe set-back upon the passage of the\\nFugitive Slave Law, Whittier worked\\nwith hand and heart. He refused an\\noffer to travel abroad, with expenses\\npaid, and remained in the thick of the\\nfight, striking strenuously to the end\\nthat anti-slavery might be represented by\\nan influential political party though\\nas yet with more discouragement than\\nsuccess. But, as the retrospective eye\\nmay now see, events were fast shaping\\ntowards the mighty struggle whose out-\\ncome was to be emancipation for mill-\\nions of men.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "IV.\\nWith the publication in 1849 of the\\nfirst large edition of his works, Whittier\\nwas on a surer footing as an author.\\nB. B. Mussey, the Boston publisher,\\npaid him five hundred dollars and a\\npercentage on the sales, and, when sev-\\neral editions of the book were called for,\\nvoluntarily increased the author s share\\nof the profits a story which might\\nsound legendary, did we not have a\\nlater example to point to in the dealings\\nbetween the publishers and the author\\nof Trilby. Whittier was slowly creep-\\ning into an assured place in letters.\\nHe was quite aside, be it noted, from\\nthe Cambridge group. He did not re-\\nspond to the centripetal pull of Boston.\\nThere was nothing fashionable about\\nhim or his work. Nor did he have an\\nunobstructed field the elder poets and\\nthinkers were by this time in full voice.\\nHawthorne, Bryant, Emerson, Long-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "JOHX GKEEXLEAF WHITTIEE 61\\nfellow, Lowell, had been heard from,\\nand in most cases had won positions.\\nAs yet, however, the Quaker poet had\\nplace and popularity (in any broad\\nsense) to win.\\nOnly a few years afterwards (in 1854)\\nwe find Ticknor Fields publishing\\nhis prose essays under the title Literary\\nRecreations, which reminds us that one\\nof the warmest friendships of his life had\\nbeen established with James T. Fields\\nand with his wife, Annie Fields a re-\\nlation to be cemented and made perma-\\nnent when the Atlantic Monthly, born in\\n1857, should come into Mr. Fields s\\nhands. The 1849 edition of the poems\\nwas handsomely got up, and helped to\\ngive the poet authority as a writer. An\\nexamination of this collection brings out\\nclearly the qualities of Whittier s Muse\\nat this period and, though his best work\\nwas yet to be done, the judgment applies\\nwith little reservation to all he did.\\nThere are, on the one hand, fluent versi-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "62 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nfication, a natural lyric flow and fervour,\\nabsolute sincerity, the love of nature\\nand of human nature, especially in its\\nhomely types and phases and, flooding\\nit all like an atmosphere, the belief in\\nman s personal dignity and right to\\nfreedom, and the belief in God. To\\noffset these virtues, his verse was often\\ndiffuse he had a facility for rhyming\\nwhich at times led to superfluity j his\\ntechnique was by no means above re-\\nproach and the didacticism represent-\\ning a conviction, which seemed at times\\nto constitute the very headmark of his\\npoetic personality, not seldom took the\\nform of the moral tag, to the injury\\nof the work. Whittier cannot be read\\nto-day (particularly in his earlier writ-\\ning) without a sense of this tendency,\\nwhich gives him an old-fashioned fla-\\nvour for us. The time he lived in, the\\nstate of art in the United States in the\\nearly and middle nineteenth century,\\nsufficiently explain the tendency, the\\ndifference.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEEXLEAF WHITTIER 63\\nHis growing reputation as a poet who\\nstood as did no other for the conscience\\nof the plain people of New England did\\nnot in any wise keep him from strenu-\\nous effort in the more or less grimy field\\nof practical politics. Not for a moment\\ndid he take advantage of literary popu-\\nlarity to step down and out from the\\nfierce struggle precedent to the war.\\nIn fact, the very impulse to poetical\\ncomposition came from these dynamic\\nevents. Whittier took a main hand in\\neffecting the coalition of the Free Sort-\\ners and Democrats, which in Massachu-\\nsetts led to the election of Sumner to the\\nSenate and started an historic career.\\nThe poet-reformer suffered another set-\\nback to his hopes in the repeal of\\nthe Missouri Compromise, and through\\npoems like the Burial of Barbour\\nand Marais du Cygne, dealing with\\ndrastic incidents of the conflict between\\nNorthern and Southern emigrants in the\\nWestern country, played a potent part", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "64 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nin saving Kansas for free labour. There\\nwas something epical in the very air of\\nthose days. Western pioneers marched\\nto songs that voiced mighty principles.\\nA man like Whittier could ill be spared\\nfrom the procession of national progress.\\nHis eye looked far beyond party.\\nShow me a party cutting itself loose\\nfrom slavery, he said, and making\\nthe protection of man the paramount\\nobject, and I am ready to go with it,\\nheart and soul. He would have had\\nWhig, Democrat, Free Soiler, or what\\nnot, all unite as Americans in the com-\\nmon desire for liberty. His prose ut-\\nterances were impassioned, keen, often\\nsparkling with happy epithet and epi-\\ngrammatic turn of phrase, as when to\\nthe citizens of Amesbury and Salisbury\\nhe wrote: It is worse than folly to\\ntalk of fighting slavery when we have\\nnot yet agreed to vote against it. Our\\nbusiness is with poll-boxes, not with car-\\ntridge boxes 5 with ballots, not bullets.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEEXLEAF WHITTIER 65\\nPrescient, he saw that the South so far\\nwas stronger than the North because it\\nwas a unit in favour of slavery, whereas\\nthe other section was split up into fac-\\ntions and did not unite for freedom.\\nWith the air thus electrically charged,\\nit is no wonder that poem rapidly suc-\\nceeded poem, and that in 1856 Ticknor\\nFields thought it well to bring out\\nanother volume, The Panorama, and\\nOther Poems, in which some of his stan-\\ndard successes are to be found, among\\nthem Maud Muller, the authenticity\\nof whose heroine the poet always val-\\niantly defended, treasuring in his Ames-\\nbury house her picture and other memo-\\nrials. Such lyrics as the Burns,\\nTauler, The Barefoot Boy, and\\nThe Kansas Emigrants further indi-\\ncate the value of the volume. Ballads,\\ncampaign songs, homely pastorals, and\\nspiritual aspirations make it up. It was\\na representative collection, in which\\nalready there was less of the trail of the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "66 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIER\\npolemic. Whittier was to find his full-\\nest voice and fairest flight in verse\\nwhich, while resonant with moral emo-\\ntion, should escape the partisan and\\nephemeral nature of too much of his\\nearlier utterance. What the world chose\\nfrom the mass of his writings as most\\ncharacteristic and precious was written\\ncomparatively late in life most of it\\nafter forty, much of it in the fifties,\\neven sixties. How plainly this points\\nto a poet of the heart and spirit rather\\nthan the passions In the volume of\\n1856 there is a gain in art. The storm\\nand stress of mid-manhood move therein,\\nbut tempered by the philosophic years.\\nWhittier s whole heart was in the\\nelection of Fremont, the Free Soil can-\\ndidate. It was for this campaign he\\nwrote the stirring Song for the Time.\\nTo the poet, Fremont was a noble war-\\nrior whom Whittier had cheered beside\\na dying camp-fire, in an hour of deep\\ndepression, by his poem, The Pass of", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK 67\\nthe Sierra. He was sorely tried by that\\nleader s defeat, yet rallied at once to\\nwrite a campaign song, prophesying\\nbetter things in the next election, sound-\\ning the bugles to battle.\\nHard upon the volume of 1856, and\\nindicative of its success, followed in\\n1857 the Ticknor Fields complete\\nedition of his poems the so-called Blue\\nand Gold Edition, whose format the pub-\\nlishers had just given to Longfellow s\\nworks. Whittier had liked this edition\\nof his fellow-poet, and expressed a desire\\nto have his own poems brought out in\\nsimilar style a wish promptly carried\\nout by Mr. Fields. This edition may be\\nregarded as the full authentication of his\\nplace as poet. At the age of fifty he had\\ncome into his own. He was of national\\nimportance as a maker of literature.\\nFrom this year, too, is to be reckoned an\\ninfluence of importance in his subsequent\\nliterary life the founding of the Atlan-\\ntic Monthly in Boston. This famous", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "68 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEB\\nmagazine which meant so much, for\\nthe general fostering of American litera-\\nture, and has so steadily displayed\\nupon its bead-roll, even to the present\\nday, the names of the best of our na-\\ntive writers was, as everybody knows,\\nstarted by the late Francis H. Under-\\nwood, with the material backing of the\\npublishers, Phillips, Sampson Co. It\\nwas the founder s ambition to give\\nbelles-lettres an hospitable harbour, with\\nthe serious under-purpose of furnishing\\nan organ of expression for the great\\nmoral question slavery. To this\\nend Mr. Underwood summoned the best\\nwriters of the day to his aid Emer-\\nson, Mrs. Stowe, Lowell, Parker, Long-\\nfellow, Holmes, Prescott, Motley, and\\nsent a cordial invitation to Whittier to\\ncontribute to the monthly. Holmes\\ngave the magazine a name. Lowell was\\nmade its editor-in-chief. Monthly din-\\nners to the contributors were for a time\\ngiven, not always with the intended so-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 69\\ncial hilarity, if one may judge from the\\ndescription by Colonel Higginson of one\\nof them, at which Mrs. Stowe, a stern\\nwater-drinker, was present, to the dis-\\ncomfiture of sundry authors who liked\\ntheir glass of wine.\\nThe success of the Atlantic, pronounced\\nand permanent, is part of the history of\\nAmerican literature. Mr. Underwood\\nand his associates achieved the difficult\\nfeat of making reform fashionable by\\ngiving it a coating of aesthetics. Whit-\\ntier responded cordially, pledging his\\npen. The Gift of Tritemius ap-\\npeared in the first number of the maga-\\nzine. Skipper Ireson s Eide, u Tell-\\ning the Bees, and other poems of like\\nquality were to find a place there. In\\nfact, most of his finest work for the next\\nten years went into the Atlantic. This\\nconnection meant a great deal to him on\\n4he material side, for the magazine paid\\nits contributors liberally, for that day\\nand this was a consideration with the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "70 JOHN GKEEJSTLEAF WHITTIEB\\nQuaker poet, who was not released from\\nthe money pinch familiar to him from\\nyouth until the pronounced success\\nof Snow-Bound in 1866. On the social\\nside, too, his Atlantic experiences must\\nhave been pleasant, bringing him into\\ntouch with other writers of importance,\\nalthough, true to his lifelong habit of\\ndodging convivial meetings, he was\\nsomewhat chary of attendance upon the\\nfar-famed dinners of the Saturday Club.\\nBut Whittier would not have been\\nhuman, had he not relished the sun of\\nfavour which was beginning to smile\\nblandly on him, after such long- contin-\\nued storm. With the single exception\\nof Lowell, no other author had so iden-\\ntified himself with an unpopular cause\\nas had he and in LowelFs case there\\nhad been no real loss of social position,\\nwhereas with Whittier ostracism is\\nhardly too strong a word to express his\\ntreatment for years by those whose\\ngood will he would naturally crave.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER 71\\nIt was his custom to send his poems\\nand to receive proofs thereof by mail.\\nThe coat of Quaker cut, the brilliant\\ndark eye and erect, slight figure, the\\nserene gravity of the man, were seen\\nbut seldom in editorial quarters or Bea-\\ncon Street drawing-rooms. Whittier\\nwas reserved and shy in general com-\\npany, a tendency increased by the deaf-\\nness that afflicted him in later years.\\nIt must not be forgotten, on the other\\nhand, that, although seeming to be\\nincommunicative, he was, when at ease\\nwith friends, delightfully genial, a be-\\nliever in the classic doctrine that it is\\nwise to fool in season. His laugh was\\ninfectiously hearty, and with it went a\\nhabit of slapping his knee with his\\nhand, which bespoke a soul of mirth.\\nThis year of the Atlantic- s initiation\\nbrought Whittier a sore sorrow. His\\nmother died in January at the Ames-\\nbury home. The blow was heavy.\\nHalf the motive power of life is lost,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "72 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\nhe wrote to Sumner the day after.\\nBut he was too well poised to let the\\nloss interfere with duty. In the same\\nletter he discusses the political situa-\\ntion and the next month he was send-\\ning to the Atlantic a poem now regarded\\nas one of our minor classics, Telling\\nthe Bees. It is worth noting that his\\nliterary output at this time of grief was\\nlarge and of a very high quality. Stir-\\nring events indeed were not wanting to\\ndraw him out of himself to think of the\\npublic welfare. In the autumn of 1859\\noccurred John Brown s attempt at Har-\\nper s Ferry. Whittier found himself\\nbetween the devil and the deep sea\\nwith regard to this famous episode.\\nAs a lover of liberty, he could but\\nsympathise with Brown. As a Quaker,\\na man of peace, he disapproved of\\nviolence. Moreover, the lack of judg-\\nment displayed in the attempt to arouse\\nand arm the slaves offended a man\\nwhose practical good sense was always", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER 73\\nconspicuous. His expressed opinion was\\nthat the rash raid injured the cause\\nBrown sought to serve. In his atti-\\ntude towards war, as we have seen,\\nWhittier was consistent with his Quaker\\naffiliations. He felt that the lever\\nproper to be used by the Friends was\\nmoral suasion, not force. He deplored\\nthe bloodshed of the civil conflict, when\\nit came but he was at pains to find its\\njustification in the great principle at\\nstake. He once remarked on the\\nstrangeness of his life in that he, a man\\nof peace, should have been forced by\\ncircumstances into belligerency. But\\nhis whole life, whether in the stormy\\ndays that led up to the struggle or in\\nthe calm golden autumn that came to\\nhim after the settlement of the rights of\\nman, was an illustration of the divine\\nprinciple of love love of God and\\nman. God to him stood pre-eminently\\nfor that trait. He hated evil rather\\nthan men who in their blindness prac-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "74 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEB\\ntised it. On his death-bed, one of his\\nutterances often repeated was the sen-\\ntence, u Love love to all the world.\\nHappenings outside his own country\\nalso roused his deep interest and sym-\\npathy. There was nothing parochial\\nabout his altruism. The European up-\\nrisings of 1848 had called forth some of\\nhis most ringing verse. Especially did\\nhe sympathise with the gallant struggle\\nfor liberty in Italy, as From Perugia\\ntestifies. A democrat in the broadest\\nsense, the attempts to overthrow tyr-\\nanny, to assert the inalienable rights of\\nman in whatever land, were ever like\\ntrumpet-calls to his spirit, which, gentle\\nas it was, became sternly martial at the\\nsummons. His poetry plainly reflects\\nthis feeling, many of its themes being\\ninspired by foreign events. Yet again\\nand again he got away from the inevi-\\ntable strain upon his feelings in dealing\\nwith such motives, and sang some tender\\nreminiscence of his homely boyhood,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 75\\nlike i l My Playmate, or told in flowing\\nstanzas some old-time story of New Eng-\\nland folk-lore or legend of the country-\\nside l Cobbler Keezar, perhaps, or\\nThe Witch s Daughter. But his in-\\nterest in politics was vital and he\\nworked as hard as ever before in the\\nPresidential cani\u00c2\u00a3 aign of I860, and\\nthrew up his hat at the election of Lin-\\ncoln with the gladness of a lad out of\\nschool, the kind of lad described in his\\nown Barefoot Boy. Whittier was\\nat this time in frequent correspondence\\nwith Sumner, applauding that states-\\nman s stalwart stand for the right. They\\ndiscussed ways and means together by\\nletter or in the Garden Eoom at Ames-\\nbury, whither Sumner was glad to\\ncome, that he might draw on the wis-\\ndom of his Quaker friend and fellow-\\nworker against slavery. Poems like\\nThe Summons and the sonnet to\\nSeward are reflexes of this mood. Once\\nin a way his indignation flames out at", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "76 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER\\nsome instance of timid time-serving\\nclergymen, those natural conservatives,\\nwere a thorn in the flesh to Whittier, for\\nthe most part, in their position towards\\nslavery. Of a certain book written by\\na divine to defend the Fugitive Slave\\nLaw, he wrote, It is a curiosity of\\ndevilish theology worth studying.\\nWhittier had little use for hair-splitting\\ndogma. He once said in a letter, We\\ncan do without Bible or church we\\ncannot do without God. The danger\\nin religion of not seeing the forest for the\\ntrees he always escaped, both in spirit\\nand in practice.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "V.\\nWith war on the land, Whittier, it\\nmay be believed, was not less active in\\nthe cause. His verse was, as before, a\\nkind of rallying cry to the North.\\nWhile it is true that the poetry he\\nmade at this time is not, as a rule, bel-\\nlicose, it is also true that hardly any of\\nthe deliverances which appeared in the\\nAtlantic, the Independent, and other\\npublications during 1861-65, are with-\\nout the militant spirit, showing either in\\nsubject and atmosphere throughout the\\npoem or, if the theme were quieter, in\\nlines and allusions by the way. There\\nis no one lyric, to be sure, like Mrs.\\nHowe s ringing Battle Hymn of the\\nBepublic but there are songs and bal-\\nlads in good number which are the honest\\nand instant outcome of the mighty in-\\nternecine struggle. It is customary to\\ncomplain that our American poetry has\\nresponded but feebly to the war motive.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "78 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIER\\nPossibly this is a tradition not quite in\\naccord with the facts. Be this as it may,\\none does not feel the lack in reading the\\nverse made by John Greenleaf Whittier\\nduring these red years. Mr. Under-\\nwood, in his study of Whittier, hazards\\nthe opinion that no great cause ever\\nevoked more eloquent and effective\\nliterary outcry than that of anti-slavery.\\nWith his usual political perspicacity,\\nthe poet saw that the central issue in-\\nvolved in the war was the disposition\\nof the slave that, in his own words,\\nthere can be no union with slavery,\\nthat we must be first pure before we\\ncan be l peaceable men. His charac-\\nteristic optimism saw ultimate peace\\nsmile sunlike through the battle-smoke.\\nHis faith in the workings of God s prov-\\nidence remained firm. He was opposed\\nto fighting from the first against co-\\nercion of the South, as more than one\\nprivate letter shows, as well as poems\\nlike A Word for the Hour.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 79\\nHis constant interest in down- trodden\\nmen of whatever clime or color brought\\nhim, cut off from travel as he was,\\ninto relations with the select of the\\nearth, however scattered. His Eng-\\nlish friend and fellow- Quaker, John\\nBright, may serve to point the remark.\\nTo him Whittier sent a sum of money\\nfor the relief of the English labourers\\nwho had suffered through the cutting\\noff of the cotton supply. The poet, by\\nthe way, exercised his discretion as to\\nhis charities, and sometimes disappointed\\nan Amesbury petitioner in consideration\\nof a need further away, but more appeal-\\ning to his convictions a choice not\\nalways understood in his town. His re-\\nlations with the noble emperor of Brazil,\\nDom Pedro, whose admiration for Whit-\\ntier led him to translate The Cry of a\\nLost Soul into Portuguese, were pecu-\\nliarly cordial. In after years that sov-\\nereign made a personal pilgrimage to\\nthe poet s home. In Mr. Pickard s", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "80 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEB\\nbiography there is described a scene\\nthan which none more dramatic was\\never enacted in the little Amesbury\\nparlonr. In 1863 Jessie Fremont, wife\\nof the soldier-statesman in command of\\nthe department of the West, to whom\\nWhittier s whole heart had gone forth\\nin General Fremont s snperb stand for\\nfreedom, came to tell the poet of her\\nhusband. He had been relieved of his\\nMissouri command by Lincoln because\\nof his proclamation freeing escaped\\nslaves within his lines. He had been\\ndefeated at the polls. But, the wife\\ndeclared, the fine poem Whittier had\\naddressed to him, with its memorable\\nopening lines,\\nThy error, Fremont, simply was to act\\nA brave man s part, without the states-\\nman s tact,\\nhad uplifted him wonderfully in spirit,\\nand come as a justification of his course.\\nWhen the poet learned his guest s name,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEEKLEAF WHITTIEK 81\\nwhich Mrs. Fremont, with a sense of ar-\\ntistic climax, suppressed until the end\\nof her narration, he spoke no word, but\\n(the words are Mrs. Fremont s) swung\\nout of the room, to return infolding in\\nhis helping embrace a frail little woman,\\ntenderly saying to the invalid he was\\nbringing from her seclusion l Eliza-\\nbeth, this is Jessie Fremont under our\\nroof. Our mother would have been\\nglad to see this day. 7 One feels that\\nthis is an essential revelation of the\\nman. It is worth hours of perfunctory\\ntalk about his personal habits.\\nThe group of poems, In War Time,\\nare at once Whittier s contribution to\\nthe civil conflict and his spiritual auto-\\nbiography in relation to it. They count\\nup only a baker s dozen but, from the\\nsolemn resignation that sounds in Thy\\nWill be done to the warm, homely,\\nhuman note of Barbara Frietchie,\\nthey are his heart history during the\\nmost crucial four years of our national", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "82 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nexistence. The time is writ large in\\nthem. Whittier could not only write\\nhymns, but war hymns, as his words to\\nLuther s l i Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott\\ntestify a vibrant utterance read in the\\ncabinet of the President, and sung by the\\nHutchinsons on the battlefields of defeat\\nor victory.\\nBefore the end came, and with it that\\ntriumph of the slave which terminated,\\nas one might say, Whittier s fighting\\nyears, another sore private sorrow was\\nhis. In 1864, after long years of suf-\\nfering patiently borne, Elizabeth died,\\nnearest and dearest of his close of kin,\\nlast of the household hearts that were\\nhis own. The loss of this treasured\\nsister, whose own verse was of lovely\\nquality, upon whose literary advice and\\nsympathy the brother had so long leaned,\\nwas an unspeakable affliction. Yet out\\nof so rich a spiritual experience issued\\nsweet song for the good of mankind.\\nThe exquisite lyric, The Vanishers,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER 83\\nthe first poem to be composed after her\\ndeath How strange it seems not to\\nread it to my sister is his pathetic\\ncomment to Fields in sending it to the\\nAtlantic has a touch, a quality, that un-\\nmistakably suggest the lost companion.\\nIt was because of his sister that Lucy\\nLarcom, her dearest friend, became so\\nclosely associated with him in friendship\\nfor the remainder of their lives. His\\nniece, Mrs. S. T. Pickard, bearing the\\nname of his beloved Lizzie, was to min-\\nister to him in years to come. And, as\\nhe walked the downward slope of life,\\nhis friends, as Mrs. Fields has expressed\\nit, became all in all to him. They\\nwere his mother, his sister, and his\\nbr other.\\nBut the next year he, along with thou-\\nsands of anxious, weary, bereaved men\\nand women of the North, was to be\\ncheered by the surrender of Lee and\\nwhat he really cared for the passage\\nof the Constitutional amendment abolish-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "84 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\ning slavery. His Laus Deo, whose\\nrefrain rang in his ears as lie sat at Fifth\\nDay meeting, spoke his soul s rejoicing.\\nI am thankful for what I have lived to\\nsee and hear, he wrote to Fields. It\\nwas a personal triumph, such as is only\\nvouchsafed to the few devoted reformers\\nwho weathered the storm. It was vic-\\ntory after thirty years of buffeting and\\nof baffling opposition.\\nWhen peace was declared, he was too\\nwise a lover of his country not to realise\\nthe importance of the reconstruction\\nperiod, and the heavy problems which\\nwere the inevitable sequence of such a\\ncataclysm. We find him in June, 1865,\\nacting as one of the vice-presidents at\\na Faneuil Hall meeting in Boston, and\\nthe member of a committee to prepare\\nan address to the people of the United\\nStates. His interest in all efforts look-\\ning to the proper recognition of the\\nrepublicanism of the several States and\\ntheir paramount duty to the common", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIER 85\\nfatherland was as warm and helpful as\\never. But, as national affairs began to\\nemerge into some order from the chaos\\nof war times, Whittier s natural instinct\\nfor personal peace reasserted itself. He\\nwas glad to walk the quieter ways of\\nliterature. Comparing the years that\\nhad led up to the war with the generous\\nallotment of life still to be his, it may be\\nsaid that the dramatic part of his days\\nwas ended. Hereafter his stage was to\\nbe set for pastoral effects, his life to be\\n.little more than a record of his friend-\\nships and of his successive books of\\npoetry. The long fight was over. Gar-\\nrison could print in the Liberator the\\nwords of the official proclamation of the\\nConstitutional amendment, and then pub-\\nlish the paper no more. Whittier s\\nverse was freed from that immediate\\npressure of external events and circum-\\nstances which, in the long run, is not\\na good thing for art. Over a third of\\nthe poems he wrote before and up to the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "86 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nend of the war were on the theme of\\nslavery. Now the reformer gave way\\nto the singer. It must have been with\\na deep sigh of content, a healing sense\\nof duty done, that he was able to turn\\nhis thought to work of a very different\\nsort to a homely idyl like Snow-Bound,\\nto charming narratives such as are im-\\nbedded in The Tent on the Beach, to real-\\nistic yet idealised tales of New England\\nrural life, of which Among the Hills is\\na type.\\nThe five years following on the close\\nof the war make up a period very im-\\nportant in the survey of Whittier s liter-\\nary production hardly equalled, in-\\ndeed, by any other lustrum of his life.\\nThat this should be true of a poet in\\nthe late fifties and early sixties of his\\nyears is remarkable, is in a way an\\nindication of the nature of his song.\\nWhittier s poetry is not the Byronic\\nexpression of Weltschmerz, nor the regis-\\ntration of the storm and stress of youth.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER 87\\nVerse of that quality is commonly made\\nbefore full maturity. The prime merits\\nof the Quaker verse lie in the appeal to\\nthe homely and heartful in the life of\\nthe ordinary people, in his gentle, lovely\\ndescription, and in the sweet commun-\\nion of the spirit with the God who gave\\nit. For this sort of verse old-fash-\\nioned, be it granted, but, if not the\\ngreatest, a very acceptable sort in this\\nstressful, sin- worn world of ours there\\nis no reason why the later years of a life\\n(whose strength was as the strength of\\nten, because the heart was pure) should\\nnot be the best years for literature.\\nSnow- Bound, which was printed a year\\nafter the close of the war, and written\\nduring the summer following the down-\\nfall of the Confederacy, is expressive of\\nhis essential qualities. The position\\nusually awarded it as his master- work\\nrests on solid ground. Whittier was a\\nNew Englander in blood and bone.\\nSnow-Bound is a representative poem of", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "88 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nNew England, describing in a series of\\netched scenes the typical life of a coun-\\ntry household in a setting of external\\nnature that is deliriously recognisable\\nto any son of New England. The poem\\nis also intensely autobiographical. It\\ncommemorates the family group that\\nwas wont to gather before the big fire-\\nplace in the old kitchen of the Haver-\\nhill farm-house and the members of\\nthat circle are seen through the pensive\\nhalf-light of memory, touched with the\\nglamour of the years, yet the more dis-\\ntinctly drawn (there is a Dutch-like\\nfidelity of drawing) because in place of\\nphotography the idealism of art pro-\\nduces veritable portraiture. It is all\\nso clearly, so lovingly visualised and\\nfelt. Whittier, when this winter idyl\\nwas completed, instinctively realised that\\nit was, in the nobler meaning of the\\nword, realistic a feeling that is behind\\nhis remark to Fields, his publisher\\nDon t put the poem on tinted or fancy", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE 89\\npaper. Let it be white as the snow it\\ntells of. The homeliness of the subject-\\nmatter is matched by the homeliness of\\nthe metre in which it is written. It was\\na happy instinct that led the poet to\\nthrow the poem into the four-foot rhym-\\ning couplet, since Chaucer s day an hon-\\noured vehicle in English poetry for the\\npurposes of plain, objective narrative.\\nIt is the relish of reality felt through\\na time-mist of affection which gives sa-\\nvour to Snow- Bound. Its charm is that\\nof a homely genre piece by a Low Coun-\\ntry painter. Perhaps such poetry does\\nnot thrill one with a passionate sense of\\nbeauty, but it has a household virtue.\\nThe success of the poem, hearty and\\ninstant, was a prognosis of its future\\nplace among his productions. Mate-\\nrially, it meant more money than Whit-\\ntier had ever dreamed he would earn\\nby literary labour. The first impres-\\nsion of Snow-Bound netted him ten\\nthousand dollars, and his surprise has", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "90 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nin it a touch of pathos. It suggests the\\nuncertain conditions by which one in\\nthe first half of the century prosecuted\\nthe profession of letters, that a poet of\\nnational standing, at well-nigh sixty, is\\nstill unfamiliar with the thought that\\nhis literary wares have a decided mar-\\nket value. Whittier awoke to a reali-\\nsation of this late in life. Henceforth\\nthe res angusta domi was to harass him\\nno more but, alas the mother and\\nsister, to the increase of whose comforts\\nhe would have so dearly liked to devote\\nhis larger means^ were beyond his care.\\nSnow-Bound was a memorial of them.\\nThough dedicated to the whole house-\\nhold, it is safe to say that these two\\nwere the patron saints of this offering\\nupon the altar of home. There is the\\nsame pensive thought associated with\\nthis great material and artistic success\\nof Whittier s that one feels in the case\\nof Eobert Browning, who in late middle\\nlife achieved solid reputation with The", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEEKLEAF WHITTIEE 91\\nRing and the Book, when she of the\\n1 c Portuguese Sonnets, whose praise and\\nappreciation would have meant most\\nof all, had passed beyond the little\\ntriumphs of Time.\\nIn The Tent on the Beach, which fol-\\nlowed the next year, the poet grouped a\\nnumber of his ballads, mostly on popu-\\nlar themes of New England folk-lore and\\ntradition, the pleasant bond of connec-\\ntion being his friends Fields and Bayard\\nTaylor. Taylor he loved and admired,\\nperhaps, in part, for the very reason that\\nthe intrepid traveller, the accomplished\\ndiplomat and litterateur, possessed qual-\\nities which Whittier lacked. It was\\nthe attraction of opposites. There was,\\ntoo, the natural tie of their common\\nQuaker parentage. Whittier used to\\nsay jokingly that he did his travelling by\\nproxy, in the person of his fellow-poet.\\nWith Fields the relation of author and\\npublisher had supplied, as we have", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "92 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nfriendships of Whittier s life. The\\ninterchange of letters between Mrs.\\nFields and the poet in his final years\\nshows him in some of his loveliest and\\nmost revelatory moods. Fields and Tay-\\nlor, then, pitch their tent with Whittier\\non Salisbury beach, u where sea- winds\\nblow, and, Arabian Mghts fashion,\\nthey beguile the time with tales. The\\nidea is a happy one and the picturesque\\nprelude contains as good description, as\\naccurate portraiture, as may be found\\nin the whole range of his work. The\\ncolloquial connecting links, too, furnish\\nan agreeable lowland atmosphere in con-\\ntrast with the higher air of the ballads\\nthemselves. It is this general agreeabil-\\nity rather than specific greatness in any\\none of the poems which characterises The\\nTent on the Beach as a whole. The poet\\ndid not feel altogether satisfied with it,\\ndeclaring, indeed, that he would not\\nhave published the poem but for a\\npremature announcement of its appear-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER 93\\nance by Fields. Whittier s criticism of\\nhis own work was safer than was his\\njudgment when he was dealing with that\\nof others for his natural kindliness and\\nthe bias of friendships led him some-\\ntimes into over-praise a fault, if a\\nfault at all, that leans to virtue s side.\\nNobody, not even Lowell in A Fable\\nfor Critics, has ever surpassed Whittier s\\nown delineation of himself, here to be\\nfound the singer who\\nLeft the Muses haunts to turn\\nThe crank of an opinion-mill.\\nThe poet, we repeat, was always clear-\\nsighted about himself. He was perfectly\\nwell aware of his tendency to didacticism\\nas well as of his faults of technique.\\nWhen an old man, we hear him whim-\\nsically complain that his friends who had\\nbeen graduated from Harvard demanded\\nthat he, the graduate of the district\\nschool, should be as letter-perfect as\\nthey. Nor was he unsympathetic to the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "94 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nidea of art for art s sake, as the\\nphrase goes. In one of the ballads of\\nthis very collection he makes Taylor\\nsay,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1 1 But art no other sanction needs\\nThan beauty for its own fair sake,\\ngoing on, however, to justify, by the\\nmouth of another speaker, a moral pur-\\npose in literature. Those who would\\nknow Whittier s attitude towards letters,\\nboth as craft and mission, should also\\nhave in mind the proem to the first\\ngeneral edition of his poems, written in\\n1847, at the age of forty. In its artistic\\nbeauty and noble ethics it justifies his\\ncreed in a double sense.\\nThe reception of the book was another\\nnotification, if one were needed, of his\\nsteady acceptability. The edition sold\\nat the rate of a thousand copies a day\\nand again the poet, filled with a sense of\\nhis unworthiness, could only hold up\\nastonished hands, and cry out to Fields,", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEEXLEAF WHITTIEE 95\\nhalf in jest, half in earnest, The\\nswindle is awful. Along with this\\nfinancial easement went other signs of\\nhis having won a large place in the pub-\\nlic estimation, academic honors among\\nthem. As far back as 1858 he had been\\nelected a member of the Harvard Board\\nof Overseers. Two years later the proud\\nold Cambridge college gave him the\\nMaster s degree, as did the Quaker\\nHaverford College in the same year and\\nin 1866 the degree of Doctor of Laws\\ncame from Brown. But to a man like\\nWhittier congenial work done in quiet\\nand communion with his friends, and\\nwith the beautiful aspects of nature as a\\nrecreation from that work, made up his\\nlife, and was far more than any possible\\nrecognition. The note of depreciation\\nso often heard from him in respect of his\\nwritings may be taken as the index of\\nan honest feeling. There is no taint in\\nit of the mock-humble. It expresses the\\ngenuine humility of a modest and can-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "96 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEB\\ndid nature, and also his deep sense of\\nthe unreliability and littleness of human\\nfame in the face of the august spiritual\\nrealities which were to Whittier, espe-\\ncially in his later years, the only great\\nthings. His common sense, too, rebelled\\nat the silly adulation which the popular\\nwriter is destined to receive. Neverthe-\\nless, true appreciation was a joy to\\nhim and he often expressed his grati-\\ntude for the love and admiration he had\\nawakened.\\nThe pathetic background to this suc-\\ncess is seen when one realises that at the\\ntime Whittier s health was wretched,\\nso that, in refusing an invitation to visit\\nhis publisher, he declares, I am a\\nbundle of nerves for Pain to experiment\\nupon a graphic summary of a life-\\nlong disability. Still, comparing the\\nlater years with the period of mid-man-\\nhood, it is comforting to reflect that\\nWhittier was unquestionably less ham-\\npered on the whole by physical ills dur-\\ning his last twenty-five years.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 97\\nThe narrative Among the Hills, in\\nwhich Whittier seized on a story he\\nheard while spending a vacation among\\nthe New Hampshire lakes, and used for\\nthe purpose of crying up the good results\\nof the union of town and country, has\\nthe appreciation of nature, the loving,\\nclosely observed descriptions of farm\\nlife, and the hearty spirit of democracy\\nwhich make it characteristic. One notes\\nthat the prelude in blank verse (not\\nfound in the first draft of the poem) is\\nsternly realistic, depicting the graver,\\nless pleasant aspects of rural life. The\\nmelodious rhymed story that follows\\nis then all the more enjoyable. Whit-\\ntier s was too honest a nature to wink at\\nfacts, though his gentleness and trust\\nled him to bear down prevailingly on the\\nbrighter side. The love-tale is well\\ntold and only the cynical will scoff at\\nits wholesome teaching, made more fa-\\nmiliar in Maud Muller. Certainly,\\nit was not scoffed at by the contempo-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "98 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nrary public, which, on the contrary,\\nwelcomed the poem with eagerness. It\\nheaded the volume published the year\\nafter The Tent on the Beach; and the\\nfeeling of the publishers with regard to\\nthe demand for his verse is indicated by\\ntheir bringing out the next year, 1869,\\na handsome illustrated edition of his\\nBallads of New England, among them\\nthat permanently appealing lyric, loved\\nalike by Tennyson and the plain people,\\nIn School- days, whose little heroine\\nso many good folk have zealously, if not\\nwisely, sought to name and localise, the\\npoet meanwhile holding his peace.\\nNothing is more dangerous than to use a\\npoet s idealisations as genuine entries in\\nhis diary. Even to-day there are hints\\nof school-boy courtships lingering about\\nthe old Haverhill homestead, but just\\nenough to sweeten the air nothing to\\nset down for fact.\\nBy the publication of these successive\\nvolumes, Whittier stood forth as never", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "JOHX GEEEXLEAF WHITTIEK 99\\nbefore as New England s bard, singer of\\nher humble life past and present, seer of\\nher homely ways of peace and labour as\\nwell as of the impassioned moment when\\nshe arose in her might and smote her\\nenemy, hip and thigh. He was to live\\nfor a quarter- century. He was to write\\nmuch verse, some of it of very high\\nvalue. But he had shown his hand,\\nboth as man and maker of music. The\\npeople knew him and loved him. The\\nremaining years could but intensify that\\nsentiment, and bring him cumulatively\\nthe rewards of his noble life-work.\\nLolC.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "VI.\\nQuiet and secluded as was Whittier s\\nlife in the Amesbury home, its not un-\\nwelcome monotony was often broken by\\ntlie coming of dear friends to him for\\nbrief sojourns by the winter hearth-fire,\\ninvariably tended by his own hand,\\nor, when the summer days returned,\\nunder the garden trees. His corre-\\nspondence shows how much he relished\\nthese visitings. The playful side of the\\npoet disported itself most lovingly at\\nsuch times. Occasionally, too, until the\\nfeebleness of age forbade, he would run\\ndown to Boston, and appear in the\\nFields s breakfast-room before the mem-\\nbers of the household had left their\\nsleeping- rooms. And it was his habit\\nto seek recreation in other places during\\nthe warm months. For many years\\nWhittier spent a portion, at least, of the\\nvacation time in the lake region of\\nsouth-east New Hampshire, a country", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER 101\\nhe knew and loved as well as he did\\nhis own Merrimac valley. In truth, it\\nmight fairly be called Whittier-land, so\\nintimate and many are the associations\\nwith the poet. New Hampshire rivalled\\nMassachusetts in his poetry. A score\\nof poems commemorate these surround-\\nings. Among the Hills is one of them.\\nHe seemed to prefer the quiet, pastoral\\nbeauty of the south-lying section to\\nthe more rugged scenery of the White\\nMountains proper. He liked to be near\\nthe sea for though, as a native of Haver-\\nhill, he might be called inland-bred, yet\\nhis home was well-nigh within the sound\\nof the ocean s voice. Whittier re-\\nmarks in a letter to Celia Thaxter that\\nhe could all but see and hear her in her\\nisland haunt on the Isles of Shoals.\\nMrs. Thaxter could see Po Hill on clear\\ndays from her house on the sea-girt rock.\\nAt the Bearcamp House in West Ossi-\\npee, at Centre Harbor, at Holderness,\\nAsquam Lake, Conway, Wakefield, or", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "102 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nGreenacre, many delightful days were\\nspent in the company of kindred spirits.\\nAfter the centennial year, moreover, at\\nwhich time occurred the marriage of his\\nniece Lizzie, now Mrs. Pickard, who\\nhad kept house for him in Amesbury\\nand who removed to Portland, he passed\\na part of each twelvemonth for the rest\\nof his life at the charming countryplace\\nof relatives in Danvers, named Oak\\nKnoll by the poet because of a clump\\nof noble oaks on a mossy swell in front\\nof the house. There, but an hour dis-\\ntant from Amesbury, with his own writ-\\ning quarters, in luxurious seclusion,\\nsurrounded by comforts within and the\\nappealing loveliness of nature without,\\nand carefully protected from the inter-\\nruptions which come to a famous man,\\nand in his case sometimes went near to\\nconverting the mild Quaker into a Boa-\\nnerges, Whittier knew much happiness.\\nBut his home feeling naturally centred\\non Amesbury, his residence for nearly", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 103\\nforty years, sacredly associated with his\\nmother and sister. In this regard it\\ncame before the Haverhill homestead in\\nhis affection. Late in his life he had\\nan opportunity to purchase the Haver-\\nhill place at a low figure, but on reflec-\\ntion decided not to secure it.\\nAlong with the giving over of the\\nstrenuous struggle in behalf of the slave\\nhad gone a release from the editorial\\ngrind which had long cabined and con-\\nfined him from work more strictly\\nliterary. That Whittier appreciated\\nbeing able in his later life to devote his\\nwriting powers to what may be called\\nliterature need not be doubted. Never-\\ntheless, he did not regret his journalistic\\ntraining and experience.\\nIn a letter to Mr. E. L. Godkin he re-\\npudiates what the editor of the Nation\\ntook to be a slighting reference to news-\\npaper work in The Tent on the Beach, and\\ndeclares that he considered his editorial\\nlabour in the cause of liberty his main", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "104 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nlife-work, his work as an author being\\nsimply episodical/ and the public\\nfavour gained thereby a grateful sur-\\nprise rather than an expected reward.\\nWhittier, in fact, stepped into literature\\nby the despised back door of journalism,\\nas American men of letters have been in\\nthe way of doing from the earliest day to\\nour own. The newspaper has proved\\na foster-mother, not a step-mother, to\\nliterary aspirants.\\nEobert Louis Stevenson s pathetic wish\\n(in the days when fortune had not yet\\nsmiled upon him) for three of the gifts\\nof the gods to make existence glad will\\nbe remembered a modest but assured\\nincome, health, and friends, especially\\nfriends. The first and last, at least,\\nWhittier had in full measure for the\\nrest of his days. Few men have been\\nmore richly blessed in friends, and this\\nis in itself a sign of his power for win-\\nning and holding hearts. The unstable\\nnature of health had its effect, as we", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK 105\\nhave seen, in excluding him from much\\nin the way of social pleasure. It pro-\\nduced at first an impression of shyness\\nin his character, which in time became,\\nin some measure, a genuine characteris-\\ntic. But one recompense came to him\\nand his intimates in the peculiarly close\\nand cordial relations between them.\\nPerhaps one physically capable of steady\\nmental labour might have seen less of and\\nbeen less to others. As it is, Whittier s\\nproductiveness in prose and verse, of\\nwhich a sense is borne in upon one who\\nglances through the full list of his works\\nto be found in Foley s American Authors,\\nis doubly remarkable because of this\\nhandicap. A certain tenderness must\\nhave been felt by those entering into\\nwarm personal intercourse with him be-\\ncause of his physical infirmities. Besides\\nthe organic heart trouble and the grow-\\ning deafness in one ear, another, although\\nslight, physical defect may be here alluded\\nto. He was colour-blind in respect of red", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "106 JOHN GEEBKLBAF WHITTIEE\\nand green. The red apple was not dis-\\ntinguishable in hue from the green leaves\\nsurrounding it a thing hard to realise\\nin a writer whose verse is so picturesquely\\nrich in colour values. But, after all, in\\nreviewing the calm, benign, and pros-\\nperous late years of Whittier, the feeling\\nis that his lot was a most fortunate one.\\nThe ancient saying, u Call no man happy\\nuntil he is dead, does not apply to him.\\nBy his own word, he enjoyed life, de-\\nspite all its tragedies, bitternesses, and\\nlosses, to the end.\\nThe production of poetry during the\\nyears between the sixtieth and seventieth\\nof his life was steady and of a high\\naverage quality, comparing favourably\\nwith what had gone before. There was\\nno second Snow-Bound, it is true but\\nnarrative poems like Miriam and\\nThe Pennsylvania Pilgrim, lyrics so\\ngood as The Pageant, or a memorial\\nsuch as the stately ode to Sumner\\nwhose death he mourned as the loss of", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEB 107\\na dear friend and admired leader show\\nno hint of the coming of the night when\\nno man can work. In these mature\\nefforts, Whittier gave far more attention\\nto self-criticism than of old. His verse\\nbears marks of the labour of the file,\\nto its advantage. The art value of his\\nwork is unquestionably greater. And he\\nkept, to a marvellous degree into extreme\\nold age the lyric gift, the capacity for\\ntuneful song he lay down with his sing-\\ning-robes wrapt about him. In all strict-\\nures on his technique, it will be well\\nto bear this in mind. Tennyson alone,\\namong the poets of our time and tongue,\\nequalled Whittier in this respect Ten-\\nnyson, with his Crossing the Bar, a\\nprecious distillation, when he had at-\\ntained to fourscore years.\\nThe volume called Child Life: A Col-\\nlection of Poems, which he compiled in\\n1871, and which was followed two years\\nlater by its companion, Child Life in\\nProse, is of interest in its suggestion of", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "108 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nWhittier s deep and abiding love for the\\nyoung evidence of which, his letters\\ncontain in abundance. Here was one of\\nthe most winsome phases of his nature.\\nIn his summer wanderings children fol-\\nlowed him about as they did (for another\\nreason) the Pied Piper. The grave,\\ndignified, unbending Quaker (a friend\\nhas noted his peculiar physical perpen-\\ndicularity, so marked that, in picking\\nup an object from the floor, he did not\\nbend his back like common mortals)\\nhad the child-heart which the little ones\\nrecognised and loved. A large and\\nbeautiful side of the poet s character\\ncomes out in his relations, not to children\\nalone, but to his humble neighbours and\\nno less significant to animal friends,\\nwho were always to be found as house-\\nhold pets in his different homes from\\nthe day when he affectionately rubbed\\nthe nose of his father s cow in the barn\\nat Haverhill. With the rank and file\\nof his fellow-townsmen in Haverhill or", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 109\\nAuiesbury he was on terms of easy\\nfriendship that held no hint of superior-\\nity or aloofness. He would sit on a\\nbarrel, and discuss the affairs of the\\nday, with thein, Colonel Higginson tells\\nus. As a converse to this, those un-\\ncrowned kings, his neighbours, were free,\\nafter the true American fashion, to vent\\nopinions of him as of any other citizen,\\nand exercised their rights. There was\\nsome expression of grieved surprise when\\nat the poet s death he was found pos-\\nsessed of the substantial little fortune of\\none hundred and forty thousand dollars.\\nIt was a trifle like stealing a march on\\nthe town. Whittier, for his part, car-\\nried the democratic feeling of fellowship\\nso far as to fall when in conversation\\nwith plain folk into the grammar-defy-\\ning colloquialisms of the locality, as\\nwhen he astonished a labourer much in\\nawe of the bard, with whom he was dis-\\ncoursing of apples, by declaring, Some\\nyears they ain t wuth pickinV", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "110 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIER\\nWhittier s Quaker ism, always a cen-\\ntral and controlling influence in his\\nwork as well as life, was sweetened and\\nbroadened as lie grew older. He was a\\nfaithful attendant upon the meetings of\\nthe Friends. His coat, of a model he\\ngave a tailor in Philadelphia when he\\nwas in his thirties, remained Quaker- cut\\nto the last. He loved the simpler\\nmethods of the sect, and had small sym-\\npathy with the attempts to introduce\\nnew-fangled modifications of the old\\nways of gravity and silence. Neither\\nsteeples without nor show singing within\\npleased his taste. His disbelief in war\\nunderlay the most perfervid of his dia-\\ntribes against slavery. In fact, this\\nphase of his utterance was an expression\\nof his Quaker creed, since one of its\\ncardinal expressions is love of personal\\nfreedom an outward manifestation to\\nbalance its esoteric leaning on the doc-\\ntrine of the Inner Light. Yet in 1875,\\nwhen he was compiling Songs of Three", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIER 111\\nCenturies with Lucy Larcom, lie over-\\nruled his feeliug as to warlike poems so\\nfar as to include Mrs. Howe s Battle\\nHymn of the Republic. And many a\\npassage in his correspondence testifies\\nthat in these elder years his religion\\nwas in no vital sense sectarian a fact\\nfurther and happily illustrated by the\\nuse of numerous hymns from his hand\\namong the various denominations. The\\nbest of his religious verse is as catholic,\\nas uncircumscribed by dogma, as one of\\nEichard Jeflferies s hill-top adorations.\\nWhittier s religion, indeed, was of the\\nheart rather than of the head. The\\ncalm beauty of holiness is the note of\\nhis ripe maturity. I think every\\nchild should cling to the faith of its\\nparents until it learns something bet-\\nter, he declared. He did not escape\\nthe inevitable readjustments of religious\\nviews in the light of scientific revela-\\ntions, culminating about 1850 in Darwin\\nWallace, and Spencer, and since so won-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "112 JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIER\\nderfully expanded. His mind was too\\ncandid and too open, his sonl too un-\\nflinchingly honest, for any other result.\\nHis poems of the later years are wit-\\nnesses. Eead My Soul and I and\\nQuestions of Doubt to realise it.\\nDoubt he knew, but with him trust and\\nlove conquered. At times the great\\nmysteries weighed heavily upon his\\nspirit. The attitude in some of his finest\\nspiritual songs suggests that of Tennyson\\nin In Memoriam the brooding, analytic\\nintellect giving way to the intuitive\\naffirmations.\\nThe instinctive looking to Whittier as\\na national poet was exemplified by the\\nrequest of Gilmore that he write an ode\\nfor the Peace Jubilee of 1873, a request\\nrefused, though afterwards Whittier sent\\nin anonymously the poem printed in his\\nworks as A Christmas Carmen, and\\ncertainly far ahead of most verse of occa-\\nsion. There is some amusement in the\\nreflection that Gilmore rejected the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIER 113\\node, unaware of its authorship. One re-\\ngrets that the musician was not a mag-\\nazine editor or publisher, that one might\\nindulge in satire on the familiar mis-\\ntakes of those maligned judges. Whit-\\ntier could never depend upon himself to\\naccept engagements of this kind. He\\ndid not possess the facility of his friend,\\nDr. Holmes, in this sort of accomplish-\\nment but his efforts at such times,\\nwhen once the yes was said, were al-\\nways of a certain dignity, an elevation,\\nand sincerity which made them satisfac-\\ntory. Another example of the occa-\\nsional was the Centennial Hymn for\\nthe national celebration of 1876, writ-\\nten at the earnest request of Bayard\\nTaylor, who had composed a hymn\\nhimself, and afterwards withdrawn it\\nbecause he had accepted an invita-\\ntion to write an ode for the same festi-\\nval. Whittier s memorial poem, The\\nVow of Washington, for the centennial\\nof the inauguration of the first President", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "114 JOHN GEBENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nof the republic, is still another composi-\\ntion of this class and, although the poet\\ndeclared himself ashamed of it, the critic\\nto-day, remembering that it was pro-\\nduced at eighty-two, must pronounce it\\nto be a remarkable example of the re-\\ntention of poetic powers. The manner\\nof its reception by the people at large,\\nmoreover, was of a kind to remove\\ndoubt even from its author s mind.\\nWhittier s seventieth birthday, in\\n1877, was marked by commemorative\\nhappenings, and stands out a white\\nmilestone in his peaceful life journey.\\nThe Boston Literary World for Decem-\\nber 1 of that year published many trib-\\nutes in verse and prose by representative\\nAmerican men and women of letters.\\nThere were letters from veterans like\\nMrs. Stowe, Bancroft, and Bryant\\npoems from fellow-songmen Longfel-\\nlow, Holmes, Taylor, and Mr. Stedman\\nto pick out a few. There followed on the\\nnight of his birthday, the 17th, a dinner", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "JOHN GBEENLEAF WHITTIEK 115\\nat the Hotel Brunswick in Boston, given\\nby the publishers of the Atlantic Monthly,\\nthen celebrating its own twentieth birth-\\nday, to contributors to that magazine,\\nwith Mr. H. O. Houghton presiding and\\nWhittier the guest of honour. The\\ngathering of literary folk was note-\\nworthy and Whittier, who had at-\\ntended the unwonted (perhaps not alto-\\ngether welcome) function with much\\nsecret misgiving u It is bad enough to\\nbe old, without being twitted with it,\\nhe humorously complained to a member\\nof his family even felt it incumbent\\nupon him to make a little speech, by\\nway of introducing a poem written for\\nthe occasion, and thereupon read by\\nLongfellow. Speech making was a\\nsocial exercise entirely laid aside by\\nWhittier since the days of his political\\nactivity. Dr. Holmes read a character-\\nistically felicitous piece of verse, in\\nwhich occurred the oft-quoted epithet\\ndescriptive of his friend as the wood-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "116 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nthrush of Essex. The exercises in-\\ncluded a burlesque treatment of the\\nthree leaders Longfellow, Holmes, and\\nWhittier by Mark Twain, whose in-\\nstinct for audacious fun-making was not\\nto be quelled by that august assembly.\\nWhen the Quaker singer was introduced,\\nthe whole company arose and cheered.\\nThe anniversary was also commemorated\\nin various towns, led by Amesbury and\\nDanvers. From this time, as the years\\nwent on, the celebrations of his birthdays\\nin the schools and other educational in-\\nstitutions of our land became annual, as\\nhis fame became more and more a house-\\nhold word. This recognition, demo-\\ncratic, spontaneous, and general, was,\\nespecially in view of the partisan nature\\nof his early writings, as welcome as it\\nwas exceptional. But Whittier pre-\\nserved his ingrain modesty. Over-\\npraise pains like blame, he wrote to\\nMr. Houghton. His conscience was of\\nthe familiar Puritan type which did not", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER 117\\nallow undue self-complacency. More-\\nover, he was now an old man, to whom,\\nas lie said, the eternal realities were\\ntaking the place of the shadows and\\nillusions of time. It is a satisfaction to\\nbehold a good and gifted man reaping\\nthe fruits of a noble mid- day labour in\\na beautiful Indian summer of rest and\\npeace. The annals of literature do not\\npresent too many such spectacles. It is\\none of the admirable things about our\\nelder and major American writers that\\ntheir lives and works are so frequently\\nin this harmony and in no case, surely,\\nis it truer than in Whittier s.\\nThere was much fine song in him\\nstill. Fifteen years of life and pro-\\nduction were ahead of the frail New\\nEnglander, who in early manhood had,\\nin the opinion of his Haverhill ac-\\nquaintances, taken to writing as a sec-\\nond best thing, when the state of his\\nhealth precluded business or active\\npolitics. Only the next year (1878) The", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "118 JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\nVision of Echard, and Other Poems, in-\\ncluded some of the loveliest of his lyrics\\nThe Witch of Wenham, which\\nmade Dr. Holmes cry the charming de-\\nscriptive piece, Sunset on the Bear-\\ncamp and the delicately chivalric\\nThe Henchman, one of the very few\\nlove-poems ever written by Whittier,\\nand suggesting that he could have won\\nlaurels in a field he rarely entered.\\nThat a bard who was rising seventy\\ncould turn out such verse is unusual\\nenough to put a value upon it over and\\nabove its intrinsic merit, which is very\\ngenuine.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "VII.\\nWhittier s old age, peaceful and\\nfortunate as it was, could not escape one\\nof the stern penalties of longevity the\\nloss of friends. They dropped off one\\nby one the comrades of abolition days\\nor those with whom he since had come\\ninto close communion. Year by year\\nHolmes s thought of the last leaf upon\\nthe tree could come more closely,\\nkeenly, home to the poet. Sumner died\\nin 1872, Bayard Taylor in 1878, Long-\\nfellow in 1882, and others, of less note,\\nbut not less warmly loved, departed in\\ntheir turn. His correspondence became\\nincreasingly a burden, as it must to any\\nman of wide reputation, augmented in\\nhis case by an old-fashioned dislike to\\ndictation, which led him to reply to\\nletters by his own hand, and because\\nof his kindly heart, which made him\\nshrink from the refusal of solicitations\\nof all kinds. The autograph fiend was", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "120 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nabroad, and the literary pilgrim ever\\nat his gates. But there were many\\nmitigations. New friends were raised\\nup for him as the older ones passed\\naway many of the latter still remained.\\nWhittier s correspondence, particularly\\nwith the younger writers, men and\\nwomen in whom he took a keen in-\\nterest and whose work he cordially ap-\\npreciated, was one of his chief pleasures.\\nHelping to a realisation of this fact are\\nthe letters exchanged with Lucy Lar-\\ncom, Celia Thaxter, Miss Sarah Orne\\nJewett, Mrs. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps\\nWard, Gail Hamilton, Mrs. Charlotte\\nFiske Bates, Miss Edna Dean Proctor\\nveterans and comparative beginners\\nall united in loving veneration of his\\npersonality. Dr. Holmes, who outlived\\nhim to write his epitaph, was a treas-\\nured neighbour, and would drive over\\nfrom Beverly to Danvers now and again\\nfor a quiet talk. Nor did the poet drop\\nhis hold on affairs. In these years of re-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTTEE 121\\ntirenient his letters show how closely he\\nfollowed public events. Now he com-\\nments on Hayes s inaugural address;\\nnow writes a letter to the Boston Adver-\\ntiser, protesting against the movement\\nto defeat the re-election of Senator\\nHoar, of Massachusetts now he is send-\\ning Mr. Winslow a contribution to the\\nEgyptian Exploration Fund, with a note\\nrevealing his sympathetic knowledge of\\nthat work. He watched the drift of\\npolitics with a scarcely abated attention,\\nand with the old-time loyalty to a party\\nwhich, whatever its mistakes, stood, he\\nbelieved, for great principles. u I am a\\nEepublican still, he wrote at the time\\nwhen the voice of the Mugwump was\\nheard in the land. c l If my party makes\\na bad nomination, I shall not vote for\\nit, but shall not stultify myself by going\\nover to a party which has done its worst\\nto destroy the Union and sustain slav-\\nery a remark having the ring of the\\nmilitant days.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "122 JOHN GEEBNLEAF WHITTIEE\\nBut the things of God were most to him\\nin these later years. i 6 He dwelt most in-\\ntently/ writes a friend, upon the great\\nspiritual and eternal realities. He\\nloved more and more the quiet memories\\ngathering about the Amesbury cottage,\\nupon whose walls the portraits of mother\\nand sister were silent but eloquent wit-\\nnesses to the unforgotten past. None the\\nless did he enjoy the frequent changes\\nof residence already described the\\nroomy seclusion of Oak Knoll, the visits\\nwith his kin, the Cartlands, at Newbury-\\nport. The circumference of the circle\\ndescribing these travellings only grad-\\nually narrowed as feebleness grew upon\\nhim.\\nMeanwhile he continued to write;\\nand successive volumes of his verse were\\npublished. Between 1880 and 1892, the\\nyear of his death, he printed nearly\\nninety poems, in one year (1882) writ-\\ning a dozen, and eight so late as in the\\nyear 1890. In 1880 he wrote, lam", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "JOHN GEEENLEAF WHITTIEB 123\\nold enough to be done with work, only\\nI feel that my best words have not been\\nsaid, after all. Lovers of Whittier s\\npoetry could ill have spared such a final\\nvolume as that entitled At Sundown,\\nwhich appeared for public reading (it\\nwas first privately circulated) the year\\nbefore his death, and contained, among\\nother things, those benignly beautiful\\nlyrics, u Burning Driftwood, The\\nWind of March, and The Last Eve\\nof Summer, together with the tender,\\ntranquilly reverential tribute to Holmes,\\nliterally Whittier s swan song, and\\nlovely enough to fit the legend.\\nWhittier was spared the death in life\\nof a long illness. In the early summer\\nof 1892 he had gone to Hampton Falls,\\nNew Hampshire, but a few miles from\\nAmesbury, to spend some weeks in the\\ncompany of chosen spirits, making his\\nhome with Miss Sarah A. Gore, the\\ndaughter of an old and dear friend\\nmemorialised in the poem A Friend s", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "124 JOHN GBEEKLEAF WHITTIEE\\nBurial. It was liis intention to go on\\nlater to Centre Harbor, one of his ac-\\ncustomed haunts. He had suffered from\\nan attack of grippe the preceding winter,\\nand in this environment improved fast\\nand found refreshment and pleasure.\\nI have not known such a rest for forty\\nyears/ he said. u Not one pilgrim for\\nthree weeks the designation of the\\nvulgar curiosity-monger as pilgrim\\nbeing a euphuism which suggests the\\nman s kindly, gentle nature. Here, in\\nthe heat of mid- August, he wrote letters,\\nattended morning Bible readings, com-\\nposed the poem to Holmes for At Sun-\\ndown, and read the proofs of that volume.\\nOld associations made the place dear to\\nhim. Sitting beneath the trees one day,\\nhe cried This is a very sweet spot to\\nme. I used to come here with my\\nmother From a second-story balcony,\\nwhere he often sat, he could look across\\nthe wide meadows, and see the ships ad-\\nventure upon the wider ocean. So peace-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE 125\\nful and happy was this sojourn that,\\nwhen the Centre Harbor plan was\\nbroached, he decided to remain where\\nhe was. And then he was seized by one\\nof the attacks not unusual to him in\\nthe hot season, and at first not deemed\\nserious. But on September 3 a slight\\nparalytic shock was the beginning of the\\nend and, after five days of comparatively\\npainless ebbing away of strength, he was\\nat peace, and the bells of Haverhill and\\nAmesbury were tolling the eighty-four\\nyears of his age. On September 10\\nthe funeral took place at Amesbury,\\nin the plain and quiet way of the So-\\nciety of Friends, as Whittier had re-\\nquested. The body lay in the little\\nparlour but the services, with exquisite\\nfitness, were held in the garden he had\\ncarefully cherished and loved, into whose\\ntrees and flowers he had looked for many\\nyears from his writing-room. The day\\nwas one of autumn s benedictions. Mr.\\nStedman and others spoke; and the", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "126 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nHutchinsons lifted their worn sweet\\nvoices in song. In its simplicity and\\nabsence of all the conventions that make\\ndeath twice gloomy, the scene was in\\ndelicate consonance with the man who\\nwas mourned the poet of nature and\\nof humanity.\\nIn the section of the picturesque\\nAmesbury burying-ground set apart for\\nthe Friends Whittier was laid beside his\\nkin they were seven when he joined\\nthem father and mother, uncle and\\naunt, brother and sisters the broken\\ncircle of Snow- Bound now reunited for the\\nlong sleep. Simple stones mark their\\nhigh resting-place, which looks down\\nfrom its vantage-point upon the valley\\ntown, and is near the Merrimac as its\\nwaters hasten to meet the sea. Close\\nto his birthplace, among the fair things\\nof sky, hill, and field upon which his\\nhand has set a second seal of loveli-\\nness, he takes his rest, and has left the\\nworld", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "JOHN GKEENLExlF WHITTIER 127\\nA blameless record shrined in* death-\\nless song.\\nBoth the Haverhill and Amesbury\\nhouses, touchingly interesting memorials\\nto all who love Whittier, are now open\\nto the public, and are preserved as\\nnearly as may be with all the personal\\neffects which make them shrines of the\\npoet. The late James Carlton, of Haver-\\nhill, left a sum of money which is applied\\nto this high purpose. At Amesbury a\\ncompany of women, known as the Whit-\\ntier Home Association, has rented the\\ncottage from Mrs. Pickard, the poet s\\nniece, with the hope of purchasing it in\\ntime. There are custodians in both\\nhouses, which in these days of the trol-\\nley are easily accessible. No more\\ncharming summer- day pilgrimage can\\nbe imagined.\\nWhittier s place in the native song is\\nnot merely an historical thing. It is\\npresent and living. His laurels as a\\nmajor bard were won and worn long", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "128 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEK\\nbefore lie died. His contemporaneous\\ninfluence was great. We are now far\\nenough, removed in time to look back\\nupon his literary work with an analytic\\neye. There has been gain in literary\\nart, in the knowledge and practice of the\\nwriting craft in the United States since\\nWhittier s prime. It was easier to win\\nfame then than it is now. His artistic\\naspects and limitations are apparent.\\nHis measures are as simple as his mean-\\nings are direct and clear. He does not\\ngive us nuts to crack, as does Browning.\\nBut there is danger in our critical esti-\\nmates to-day of over-emphasis on art or\\nso-called originality at the expense of\\nlife. Whittier s verse in its union of\\nmoral purpose with the sense of beauty\\nit might be said that the one rhyme\\nof his poetry is that made by beauty and\\nduty points to the true source of vital-\\nity for all literature which is to survive\\nits own day and to interest, please, and\\nhelp large numbers of men and women.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER 129\\nWhittier s steady hold upon the masses\\nand classes go to the schools and li-\\nbraries of the land to see how little it has\\nchanged is thus to be explained. The\\ncritical award of a distinct place amongst\\nour elder singers quite as definite and\\nworthy as that of Bryant, Emerson, and\\nLongfellow, of Lowell and Holmes is\\nbut the same testimony from another\\npoint of view. Eural New England,\\nNew England of the plain people,\\nfinds through John Greenleaf Whittier\\nits most authentic expression in litera-\\nture. The poet of a section and what\\na section as Mr. Stedman exclaims\\nbecomes, for the very reason that he so\\nhonestly reflects his own environment,\\na representative and treasured national\\npoet the common paradox of literary\\nhistory.\\nYet, as one thinks of Whittier in the\\ninterpretative light of his life, what he\\nwas seems full as impressive as what he\\ngave the world as a writer. The man", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "130 JOHN GKEENLEAF WHITTIEE\\nlooms up larger than his work. This is\\nas he would have it. He was, aside\\nfrom his great gifts, a good man, in-\\ntensely lovable and much beloved. His\\nlife was sweet and true and high.\\nAmong his books in the Amesbury house\\nis a quaint little copy of Thomas a\\nKempis, bound in faded leather, contain-\\ning this marked passage: Esteem not\\nthyself better than others, lest perhaps\\nthou be accounted worse in the sight of\\nGod, who knows what is in man and\\nWhittier was a humble- minded and\\nvery true follower of the Christ-life.\\nHe once said, referring to posthumous\\nreputation, u What we are will then be\\nmore important than what we have done\\nor said in prose or rhyme. His nat-\\nural gift for song, his sincere love for\\nhis fellow-men, and his wholesome rev-\\nerence for righteousness are traits not\\nto be distorted by changes of literary\\nmodels nor blurred by the passing of\\ntime.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "BIBLIOGEAPHY.\\nThe chief source of biographical in-\\nformation concerning Whittier is the\\nLife and Letters by Mr. S. T. Pickard.\\nThe standard edition of Whittier s com-\\nplete works is the Eiverside Edition/ 7\\nin seven volumes (Boston and New York:\\nHoughton, Mifflin Co., 1888-89). The\\nsame firm publishes a complete one-\\nvolume Cambridge Edition of the\\npoems (1894). Of supplementary vol-\\numes, throwing welcome side-lights on\\nWhittier, there are, besides the refer-\\nences given below Authors at Home,\\nedited by J. L. and J. B. Gilder (New\\nYork and London: Cassells, 1888); Chap-\\nters from a Life, by Elizabeth Stuart\\nPhelps Ward (Boston and New York:\\nHoughton, Mifflin Co., 1896); and\\nCheerful Yesterdays, by Colonel T. W.\\nHigginson (Boston and New York:\\nHoughton, Mifflin Co., 1899).\\nI. John Greenleaf Whittier His", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "132 BIBLIOGEAPHY\\nLife, Genius, and Writings. By\\nW. S. Kennedy. (Boston: S. B. Cas-\\nsino, 1882.) Contains valuable mate-\\nrial, but is not altogether reliable as to\\nfact, and necessarily is incomplete.\\nIL John Greenleaf Whittier. By\\nP. H. Underwood. (Boston J. E. Os-\\ngood Co., 1883.) A sympathetic\\nstudy by a friend, but of course not car-\\nrying the story to the end.\\nIII. Poets of America. By E. C.\\nStedman. (Boston and New York\\nHoughton, Mifflin Co., 1885.) Con-\\ntains an admirable critical study of the\\npoet, pp. 95-133.\\nIV. American Literature. 1607-\\n1885. By Charles F. Eichardson. (New\\nYork: G. P. Putnam s Sons, 1888.) Vol.\\nI., chap. 6, Poets of Freedom and Cult-\\nure Whittier, Lowell, and Holmes.\\nHas value as appreciation.\\nV. Life of John Greenleaf Whit-", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "BIBLIOGEAPHY 133\\ntier. By W. J. Linton. In Great\\nWriters Series. (London Scott, 1893.)\\nA good, succinct appreciation by an ar-\\ntist and poet.\\nVI. Life and Letters of John Green-\\nx leaf Whittier. By S. T. Pickard.\\nTwo volumes. (Boston and ~New York:\\nHoughton, Mifflin Co., 1894.) The\\ncomprehensive and authoritative biog-\\nraphy.\\nVII. Authors and Friends. By Annie\\nFields. (Boston and New York: Hough-\\nton, Mifflin Co., 1896.) Whittier:\\nNotes of his Life and of his Friend-\\nships. n pp. 263-335. An intimate\\nand beautiful memorial by a friend.\\nVIII. Library of the World s Best\\nLiterature. Edited by Charles Dud-\\nley Warner. (New York: E. S. Peale\\nJ. A. Hill, 1897.) Volume XXVII.\\ncontains a capital estimate of Whittier\\nby Professor G. E. Carpenter.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "134 BIBLIOGBAPHY\\nIX. American Lands and Letters.\\nByD. G. Mitchell. (New York: Charles\\nScribner s Sons, 1898. Has a brief but\\ncharming characterisation.\\nX. American Bookmen. By M. A.\\nDeWolfe Howe. (New York: Dodd,\\nMead Co., 1898.) Whittier and\\nLowell/ 7 pp. 242-265. An excellent\\nsketch.\\nXL The New England Poets. By\\nW. C. Lawton. (New York and Lon-\\ndon The Macmillan Company, 1898.\\nContains (pp. 155-194) a perceptive\\nand well-tnrned stndy of Whittier.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "The BEACON BIOGRAPHIES.\\nM. A. DeWOLFE HOWE, Editor.\\nThe aim of this series is to furnish brief, read-\\nable, and authentic accounts of the lives of those\\nAmericans whose personalities have impressed\\nthemselves most deeply on the character and\\nhistory of their country. On account of the\\nlength of the more formal lives, often running\\ninto large volumes, the average busy man and\\nwoman have not the time or hardly the inclina-\\ntion to acquaint themselves with American bi-\\nography. In the present series everything that\\nsuch a reader would ordinarily care to know is\\ngiven by writers of special competence, who\\npossess in full measure the best contemporary\\npoint of view. Each volume is equipped with\\na frontispiece portrait, a calendar of important\\ndates, and a brief bibliography for further read-\\ning. Finally, the volumes are printed in a form\\nconvenient for reading and for carrying handily\\nin the pocket.\\nSMALL, MAYNARD COMPANY, Publishers.\\n2 Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston.\\n[over]", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "The BEACON BIOGRAPHIES.\\nThe following volumes are issued:\\nLouis Agassiz, by Alice Bache Gould.\\nPhillips Brooks, by M. A. DeWolfe Howe.\\nJohn Brown, by Joseph Edgar Chamberlin.\\nAaron Burr, by Henry Childs Merwin.\\nJames Fenimore Cooper, by W. B. Shubrick Clymer.\\nStephen Decatur, by Cyrus Townsend Brady.\\nFrederick Douglass, by Charles W. Chesnutt.\\nDavid G. Farragut, by James Barnes.\\nUlysses S. Grant, by Owen Wister.\\nNathaniel Hawthorne, by Mrs. James T. Fields.\\nFather Hecker, by Henry D. Sedgwick, Jr.\\nSam Houston, by Sarah Barnwell Elliott.\\n11 Stonewall Jackson, by Carl Hovey.\\nThomas Jefferson, by Thomas E. Watson.\\nRobert E. Lee, by William P. Trent.\\nJames Russell Lowell, by Edward Everett Hale, Jr.\\nThomas Paine, by Ellery Sedgwick.\\nDaniel Webster, by Norman Hapgood.\\nJohn Greenleaf Whittier, by Richard Burton.\\nThe following are among those in preparation\\nJohn James Audubon, by John Burroughs.\\nEdwin Booth, by Charles Townsend Copeland.\\nRalph Waldo Emerson, by Frank B. Sanborn.\\nBenjamin Franklin, by Lindsay Swift.\\nAlexander Hamilton, by James Schouler.\\nHenry W. Longfellow, by George Rice Carpenter.\\nSamuel F. B. Morse, by John Trowbridge.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE WESTMINSTER BIOG-\\nRAPHIES.\\nThe Westminster Biographies are uniform in plan,\\nsize, and general make-up with the Beacon Biographies,\\nthe point of important difference lying in the fact that they\\ndeal with the lives of eminent Englishmen instead of\\neminent Americans. They are bound in limp red cloth,\\nare gilt-topped, and have a cover design and a vignette\\ntitle-page by Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue. Like the\\nBeacon Biographies, each volume has a frontispiece por-\\ntrait, a photogravure, a calendar of dates, and a bibli-\\nography for further reading.\\nThe following volumes are issued:\\nRobert Browning, by Arthur Waugh.\\nDaniel Defoe, by Wilfred Whitten.\\nAdam Duncan (Lord Camperdown), by H. W. Wilson.\\nGeorge Eliot, by Clara Thomson.\\nCardinal Newman, by A. R. Waller (in press).\\nJohn Wesley, by Frank Banfield.\\nMany others are in preparation.\\nSMALL, MAYNARD COMPANY, Publishers,\\n2 Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston.", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "May-18.1*XM", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "MAY 2 1901", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a22* JWk wiv\\nW t* w\\nrffiit\\nffl\\nBiff\\nA T ft", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3576", "width": "2393", "jp2-path": "johngreenleafwhi00burt_0176.jp2"}}