{"1": {"fulltext": "Y DA", "height": "4947", "width": "3426", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Class iXL\u00c2\u00a3l6_\\nBook._JT_\u00c2\u00a3 9\\nCopyright^\\nCOPYRIGHT DEPOSIT.", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4837", "width": "3363", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4861", "width": "3227", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4837", "width": "3363", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4837", "width": "3363", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "^oofe6 bp Jftr* Comp*\\nEVERYDAY BIRDS. Elementary Studies\\nWith twelve colored Illustrations repro-\\nduced irom Audubon. Square 121110, $1.00.\\nBIRDS IN THE BUSH. i6mo, $1.25.\\nA RAMBLER S LEASE. 161110, $1.25.\\nTHE FOOT-PATH WAY. i6mo, gilt top,\\n$1.25.\\nA FLORIDA SKETCH-BOOK. i6mo, $1.25.\\nSPRING NOTES FROM TENNESSEE.\\ni6mo, $1.25.\\nA WORLD OF GREEN HILLS. i6mo, $1.25.\\nHOUGHTON, MIFFLIN CO.\\nBoston and New York.", "height": "4846", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4837", "width": "3363", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "BLUE JAY\\nI. Male. 2, j. Females", "height": "4924", "width": "3418", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nELEMENTARY STUDIES\\nBY\\nBRADFORD TORREY\\nWITH TWELVE ILLUSTRATIONS IN\\nCOLORS AFTER AUDUBON, AND\\nTWO FROM PHOTOGRAPHS\\nBOSTON AND NEW YORK\\nHOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY\\n1901", "height": "4837", "width": "3363", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "THE LIBRARY OF\\nCONGRESS,\\nTwo Copies Received\\nAPR. 29 1901\\nCopyright entry\\nCLASS CbXXc. N#.\\nCOPY B.\\nCOPYRIGHT, 190I, BV BRADFORD TORREY\\nALL RIGHTS RESERVED\\nc\\n1 c w\\ns 9 B J\\ne ft\\nO-V", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nPage\\nI. Two Little Kings 1\\nII. The Chickadee 7\\nIII. The Brown Creeper 10\\nIV. The Brown Thrasher 15\\nV. The Butcher-bird 19\\nVI. The Scarlet Tanager 22\\nVII. The Song Sparrow 26\\nVIII. The Field Sparrow and the Chipper 30\\nIX. Some April Sparrows 35\\nX. The Rose-breasted Grosbeak 40\\nXL The Blue Jay 43\\nXII. The Kingbird 47\\nXIII. The Hummingbird 51\\nXIV. The Chimney Swift 56\\nXV. NlGHTHAWK AND WHIP-POOR-WILL .59\\nXVI. The Flicker 64\\nXVII. The Bittern 68\\nXVIII. Birds for Everybody 82\\nXIX. Winter Pensioners 87\\nXX. Watching the Procession 93\\nXXL Southward Bound 99\\nIndex 105\\nNote. Winter Pensioners was originally contributed to Bird-Lore.", "height": "4837", "width": "3363", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS\\nPage\\nBlue Jay (page 43) Frontispiece\\nGolden-crowned Kinglet 2\\nChickadee 8\\nBrown Creeper 12\\nBrown Thrasher 16\\nScarlet Tanager 22\\nSong Sparrow 26\\nRose-breasted Grosbeak 40\\nRuby-throated Hummingbird .52\\nNighthawk 60 v\\nWhip-poor-will .62^\\nFlicker 64\\nThe illustrations entitled A Downy Woodpecker and A Branch Estab-\\nlishment, facing page 88, are from photographs by Mr. Frank M. Chap-\\nman and were first printed in Bird-Lore.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4919", "width": "3277", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nTWO LITTLE KINGS\\nThe largest bird in the United States is the\\nCalifornia vulture, or condor, which measures\\nfrom tip to tip of its wings nine feet and a half.\\nAt the other end of the scale are the humming-\\nbirds, one kind of which, at least, has wings that\\nare less than an inch and a half in length. Next\\nto these insect-like midgets come the birds which\\nhave been well named in Latin Regulus, and\\nin English kinglets, that is to say, little\\nkings. The fitness of the title comes first from\\ntheir tiny size, the chickadee is almost a giant\\nin comparison, and next from the fact that\\nthey wear patches of bright color (crowns) on\\ntheir heads.\\nTwo species of kinglets are found at one season\\nor another in nearly all parts of the United\\nStates, and are known respectively as the golden-\\ncrown or goldcrest and the ruby-crown.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "2 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nThe golden-crown has on the top of its head an\\norange or yellow patch (sometimes one, some-\\ntimes the other) bordered with black; the ruby-\\ncrown wears a very bright red patch, though you\\nmay look at many specimens without finding it.\\nOnly part of the birds have it, the adult males,\\nperhaps, and even those that have it do not\\nalways display it. The orange or yellow of the\\ngoldcrest, on the other hand, is worn by all the\\nbirds, and is never concealed. If you are a be-\\nginner in bird study, uncertain of your species,\\nlook for the black stripes on the crown. If they\\nare not there, and the bird is really a kinglet, it\\nmust be a ruby-crown. You may know it, also,\\nfrom the goldcrest, I mean, by what looks\\nlike a light-colored ring round the eye. In\\nfact, one of the ruby-crown s most noticeable\\npeculiarities is a certain bareheaded, large-eyed\\nappearance.\\nUnless your home is near or beyond the\\nnorthern boundary of the United States, you\\nneed not look for either kinglet in summer.\\nThe ruby-crown is to be seen during its migra-\\ntions in spring and fall, the goldcrest in fall,\\nwinter, and spring.\\nAt any time of the year they are well worth\\nknowing. Nobody could look at them without\\nadmiration j so pretty, so tiny, and so exceed-", "height": "4889", "width": "3288", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET\\nMale. 2. Female", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4926", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "TWO LITTLE KINGS 3\\ningly quick and graceful in their motions. Both\\nspecies are of a prevailing greenish or olive shade,\\nwith noticeable light-colored wing-bars, and light,\\nunstreaked, unspotted under parts.\\nThe ruby-crown is famous as a singer. A\\ngenuine music-box, we may call* him. In spring,\\nespecially, he is often bubbling over with melody\\na rapid, wren-like tune, with sundry quirks and\\nturns that are all his own; on the whole de-\\ncidedly original, with plenty of what musical\\npeople call accent and a strongly marked rhythm\\nor swing. Over and over he goes with it, as if\\nhe could never have enough; beginning with\\nquick, separate, almost guttural notes, and wind-\\ning up with a twittity, twittity, twittity, which,\\nonce heard, is not likely to be soon forgotten.\\nA very pleasing vocalist he surely is; and\\nwhen his extreme smallness is taken into account\\nhe is fairly to be esteemed a musical prodigy.\\nEvery one who has written about the song, from\\nAudubon down, has found it hard to say enough\\nabout it. Audubon goes so far as to say that it\\nis as powerful as a canary s, and much more\\nvaried and pleasing. That I must think an ex-\\naggeration natural enough, no doubt, under the\\ncircumstances (romantic surroundings count for\\na good deal in all questions of this kind), but\\nstill a stretching of the truth. However, I give", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "4 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nbut my own opinion. Let my readers hear the\\nbird, and judge for themselves. They will enjoy\\nhim, whether or no. Every such new acquaint-\\nance that a man makes is a new source of life-\\nlong happiness.\\nThe enormous California vulture is said to be\\nalmost dumb, having no vocal apparatus and\\nemitting only a weak hissing sound. What\\na contrast between him and the ruby-crown, a\\nmere speck of a bird, but with a musical nature\\nand the voice of an artist. Precious stuff, they\\nsay, comes in small packages. Even the young-\\nest of us may have noticed that it is always the\\nsmaller birds that sing.\\nBut if all the singers are small birds, it is not\\ntrue that all small birds are singers. The golden-\\ncrowned kinglet, for example, is hardly to be\\nclassed under that head. The gifts of Providence\\nare various, and are somewhat sparingly dealt\\nout. One creature receives one gift, another\\ncreature another, just as is true of men, women,\\nand children. This boy has an ear, as the\\nsaying goes. He is naturally musical. Give him\\na chance, and let him not be too much in love\\nwith something else, and he will make a singer,\\nor a player on instruments, or possibly a com-\\nposer. His brother has no ear he can hardly\\ntell Old Hundred from Yankee Doodle. It is", "height": "4957", "width": "3445", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "TWO LITTLE KINGS 5\\nuseless for him to take lessons. He can paint,\\nperhaps, or invent a machine, or make money, or\\nedit a paper, or teach school, or preach sermons,\\nor practice medicine but he will never win a\\nname in the concert room.\\nThe case o\u00c2\u00a3 the golden-crown is hardly so\\nhopeless as that, I am glad to believe for if he\\nis not much of a musician now, as he surely is\\nnot, he is not without some signs of an undevel-\\noped musical capacity. The root of the matter\\nseems to be in him. He tries to sing, at any rate,\\nand not unlikely, as time goes on, say in a\\nmillion or two of years, he may become as\\ncapable a performer as the ruby-crown is at pre-\\nsent. There is no telling what a creature may\\nmake of himself if his will is good, and he has\\nastronomical time in which to work. The dullest\\nof us might learn something with a thousand\\nyears of schooling.\\nWhat you will mostly hear from the goldcrest\\nis no tune, but a hurried zee, zee, zee, repeated at\\nintervals as he flits about the branches of a tree,\\nor, less often, through the mazes of a piece of\\nshrubbery. His activity is wonderful, and his\\nmotions are really as good as music. No dancing\\ncould be prettier to look at. All you need is\\neyes to see him. But you will have to look\\nsharp. Now he is there for an instant, snatch-", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "6 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\ning a morsel or letting out a zee, zee, zee. Now\\nhe is yonder, resting upon the air, hovering\\nagainst a tuft of pine needles, his wings all in a\\nmist, they beat so swiftly. So through the tree\\nhe goes, and from one tree to another, till pre-\\nsently he is gone for good.\\nOnce in a great while you may find him feed-\\ning among the dry leaves on the ground. Then\\nyou can really watch him, and had better make\\nthe most of your opportunity. Or you may\\ncatch him exploring bushes or low savins, which\\nis a chance almost as favorable. The great thing\\nis to become familiar with his voice. With that\\nhelp you will find him ten times as often as with-\\nout it. He is mostly a bird of the woods, and\\nprefers evergreens, though he does not confine\\nhimself to them.\\nIf you do not know him already, it will be a\\nbright and memorable day though it be the\\ndead of winter when you first see him and\\nare able to call him by his regal name, Regulus\\nsatrapa. It is a great pity that so common\\nand lovely a creature, one of the beauties of the\\nworld, should be unseen by so many good peo-\\nple. It is true, as we say so often about other\\nthings, that they do not know what they miss\\nbut they miss a good deal, notwithstanding.", "height": "4943", "width": "3445", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "II\\nTHE CHICKADEE\\nThe chickadee, like many other birds, takes\\nhis name from his notes from some of his notes,\\nthat is to say, for he has many others besides his\\nbest-known chick-a-dee-dee-dee. His most musi-\\ncal effort, regarded by many observers as his\\ntrue song, sounds to most ears like the name\\nPhoebe, a clear, sweet whistle of two or three\\nnotes, with what musical people call a minor in-\\nterval between them. It is so strictly a whistle\\nthat any boy can imitate it well enough to de-\\nceive not only another boy, but the bird himself.\\nIn late winter and early spring, especially,\\nwhen the chickadee is in a peculiarly cheerful\\nframe of mind, it is very easy to draw him out\\nby whistling these notes in his hearing. Some-\\ntimes, however, the sound seems to fret or anger\\nhim, and instead of answering in kind, he will\\nfly near the intruder, scolding dee-dee-dee.\\nHe remains with us both summer and winter,\\nand wears the same colors at all seasons.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "8 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nPerhaps no wild bird is more confiding. If a\\nman is at work in the woods in cold weather, and\\nat luncheon will take a little pains to feed the\\nchickadees that are sure to be more or less about\\nhim, he will soon have them tame enough to pick\\nup crumbs at his feet, and even to take them\\nfrom his hand.\\nBetter even than crumbs is a bit of mince pie,\\nor a piece of suet. I have myself held out a\\npiece of suet to a chickadee as I walked through\\nthe woods, and have had him fly down at once,\\nperch on my finger like a tame canary, and fall\\nto eating. But he was a bird that another, man,\\na woodcutter of my acquaintance, had tamed in\\nthe manner above described.\\nThe chickadee s nest is built in a hole, gener-\\nally in a decayed stump or branch. It is very\\npretty to watch the pair when they are digging\\nout the hole. All the chips are carried away and\\ndropped at a little distance from the tree, so that\\nthe sight of them littering the ground may not\\nreveal the birds secret to an enemy.\\nMale and female dress alike. The top of the\\nhead is black for which reason they are called\\nblack-capped chickadees, or black-capped tit-\\nmice and the chin is of the same color, while\\nthe cheeks are clear white. If you are not sure\\nthat you know the bird, stay near him till he", "height": "4928", "width": "3445", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "CHICKADEE\\nMale. 2. Female", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4913", "width": "3437", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "THE CHICKADEE 9\\npronounces his own name. He will be pretty\\ncertain to do it, sooner or later, especially if you\\nexcite him a little by squeaking or chirping to\\nhim.\\nAlthough the chickadee is small and delicate-\\nlooking, he seems not to mind the very coldest\\nof weather. Give him enough to eat, and the\\nwind may whistle. He picks his food, tiny in-\\nsects, insects eggs, and the like, out of crevices\\nin the bark of trees and about the ends of twigs,\\nand so is seldom or never without resources. The\\ndeepest snows do not cover up his dinner-table.\\nHis worst days, no doubt, are those in which\\neverything is covered with sleet.\\nOne of his prettiest traits is his skill in hang-\\ning back downward from the tip of a swinging\\nbranch or from the under side of a leaf while in\\nsearch of provender. As a small boy, who had\\nprobably been to the circus, once said, the chick-\\nadee is a first-rate performer on the flying\\ntrapeze.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "Ill\\nTHE BROWN CREEPER\\nIn the midst of a Massachusetts winter, when\\na man with his eyes open may walk five miles\\nover favorable country roads and see only ten or\\ntwelve kinds of birds, the brown creeper s faint\\nzeep is a truly welcome sound. He is a very\\nlittle fellow, very modestly dressed, without, a\\nbright feather on him, his lower parts being\\nwhite and his upper parts a mottling of brown\\nand white, such as a tailor might call a pepper\\nand salt mixture.\\nThe creeper s life seems as quiet as his colors.\\nYou will find him by overhearing his note some-\\nwhere on one side of you as you pass. Now\\nwatch him. He is traveling rather quickly, with\\nan alert, business-like air, up the trunk of a tree\\nin a spiral course, hitching along inch by inch,\\nhugging the bark, and every little while stop-\\nping to probe a crevice of it with his long,\\ncurved, sharply pointed bill. He is in search\\nof food, insects eggs, grubs, and what not\\nmorsels so tiny that it need not surprise us to see", "height": "4948", "width": "3445", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "THE BROWN CREEPER 11\\nhim spending the whole day in satisfying his\\nhunger.\\nThere is one thing to be said for such a life\\nthe bird is never without something to take up\\nhis mind. In fact, if he enjoys the pleasures of\\nthe table half as well as some human beings seem\\nto do, his life ought to be one of the happiest\\nimaginable.\\nHow flat and thin he looks, and how perfectly\\nhis colors blend with the grays and browns of\\nthe mossy bark No wonder it is easy for us to\\npass near him without knowing it. We under-\\nstand now what learned people mean when they\\ntalk about the protective coloration of ani-\\nmals. A hawk flying overhead, on the lookout\\nfor game, must have hard work to see this bit\\nof a bird clinging so closely to the bark as to be\\nalmost a part of it.\\nAnd if a hawk does pass, you may be pretty\\nsure the creeper will see him, and will flatten\\nhimself still more tightly against the tree and\\nstay as motionless as the bark itself. He needs\\nneither to fight nor to run away. His strength,\\nas the prophet said, is to sit still.\\nBut look As the creeper comes to the upper\\npart of the tree, where the bark is less furrowed\\nthan it is below, and therefore less likely to con-\\nceal the scraps of provender that he is in search", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "12 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nof, he suddenly lets go his hold and flies down\\nto the foot of another tree, and begins again to\\ncreep upward. If you keep track of him, you\\nwill see him do this hour after hour. He never\\nwalks down. Up, up, he goes, and if you look\\nsharply enough, you will see that whenever he\\npauses he makes use of his sharp, stiff tail-\\nfeathers as a rest a kind of camp-stool, as it\\nwere, or, better still, a bracket. He is built for\\nhis work; color, bill, feet, tail-feathers all\\nwere made on purpose for him.\\nHe is a native of the northern country, and\\ntherefore to most readers of this book he is a\\nwinter bird only. If you know his voice, you\\nwill hear him twenty times for once that you see\\nhim. If you know neither him nor his voice, it\\nwill be worth your while to make his acquaint-\\nance.\\nWhen you come upon a little bunch of chick-\\nadees flitting through the woods, listen for a\\nquick, lisping note that is something like theirs,\\nbut different. It may be the creeper s, for al-\\nthough he seems an unsocial fellow, seldom flock-\\ning with birds of his own kind, he is fond of the\\nchickadee s cheerful companionship.\\nTo see him and hear his zeep, you would never\\ntake him for a songster but there is no telling\\nby the looks of a bird how well he can sing. In", "height": "4936", "width": "3457", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "BROWN CREEPER\\nMale. 2. Female", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3461", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE BROWN CREEPER 13\\nfact, plainly dressed birds are, as a rule, the best\\nmusicians. The very handsome ones have no\\nneed to charm with the voice. And our modest\\nlittle creeper has a song, and a fairly good one\\none that answers his purpose, at all events, al-\\nthough it may never make him famous. In\\nspringtime it may be heard now and then even\\nin a place like Boston Common but of course\\nyou must go where the birds pair and nest if you\\nwould hear them at their finest for birds, like\\nother people, sing best when they feel happiest.\\nThe brown creeper s nest used to be something\\nof a mystery. It was sought for in woodpeck-\\ners holes. Now it is known that as a general\\nthing it is built behind a scale of loose bark on\\na dead tree, between the bark and the trunk.\\nOrdinarily, if not always, it will be found under a\\nflake that is loose at the bottom instead of at the\\ntop. Into such a place the female bird packs\\ntightly a mass of twigs and strips of the soft in-\\nner bark of trees, and on the top of this prepares\\nher nest and lays her eggs. Her mate flits to\\nand fro, keeping her company, and once in a\\nwhile cheering her with a song, but so far as has\\nyet been discovered he takes no hand in the work\\nitself. It is quite possible that the female, who\\nis to occupy the nest, prefers to have her own\\nway in the construction of it.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "14 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nAfter the young ones are hatch ed, at all events,\\nthe father bird s behavior leaves nothing to be\\ncomplained of. He comes to time/ as we say,\\nin the most loyal manner. In and out of the\\nnest he and the mother go, feeding their hungry\\ncharges, making their entry and exit always at\\nthe same point, through the merest crack of a\\ndoor, between the overhanging bark and the tree,\\njust above the nest. It is a very pretty bit of\\nfamily life.\\nIt would be hard to imagine a nest better con-\\ncealed from a bird s natural enemies, especially\\nwhen, as is often the case, the tree stands jn\\nwater on the edge of a stream or lake. And\\nnot only is the nest wonderfully well hidden, but\\nit is perfectly sheltered from rain, as it would not\\nbe if it were built under a strip of bark that was\\npeeled from above. All in all, we must respect\\nthe simple, demure-looking creeper as a very\\nclever architect.", "height": "4866", "width": "3437", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "IV\\nTHE BROWN THRASHER\\nThe brown thrasher called also the brown\\nthrush -is a bird considerably longer than a\\nrobin, with a noticeably long tail and a long,\\ncurved bill. His upper parts are reddish brown\\nor cinnamon color, and his lower parts white or\\nwhitish, boldly streaked with black. You will\\nfind him in hedgerows, in scrub-lands, and about\\nthe edges of woods, where he keeps mostly on or\\nnear the ground. His general manner is that of\\na creature who wishes nothing else so much as to\\nescape notice. u Only let me alone, he seems\\nto say. If he sees you coming, as he pretty cer-\\ntainly will, he dodges into the nearest thicket or\\nbarberry-bush, and waits for you to pass.\\nFarmers know him as the planting-bird.\\nIn New England he makes his appearance with\\ncommendable punctuality between the twentieth\\nof April and the first of May and while the\\nfarmer is planting his garden, the thrasher en-\\ncourages him with song. One man, who was\\nplanting beans, imagined that the bird said,", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "16 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nDrop it. drop it Cover it up, cover it up\\nPerhaps he did. It was good advice, anyhow.\\nIn his own way the thrasher is one of the\\ngreat singers of the world. He is own cousin to\\nthe famous mockingbird, and at the South, where\\nhe and the mocker may be heard singing side by\\nside, and so much alike that it is hard to tell\\none from the other, he is known as the brown\\nmocking-bird. He would deserve the title but\\nfor one thing he does not mock. In that re-\\nspect he falls far short of his gray cousin, who not\\nonly has all the thrasher s gift of original song,\\nbut a most amazing faculty of imitation, as every\\none knows who has heard even a caged mocking-\\nbird running over the medley of notes he has\\npicked up here and there and carefully rehearsed\\nand remembered. The thrasher s song is a med-\\nley, but not a medley of imitations.\\nI have said that the thrasher keeps near the\\nground. Such is his habit but there is one\\nexception. When he sings he takes the very\\ntop of a tree, although usually it is not a tall\\none. There he stands by the half-hour together,\\nhead up and tail down, pouring out a flood of\\nmusic sounds of all sorts, high notes and low\\nnotes, smooth notes and rough notes, all jum-\\nbled together in the craziest fashion, as if the\\nmusician were really beside himself.", "height": "4942", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "BROWN THRASHER\\n2 y J. Males. 4. Female", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE BROWN THRASHER 17\\nIt is a performance worth buying a ticket for\\nand going miles to hear but it is to be heard\\nwithout price on the outskirts of almost any vil-\\nlage in the United States east of the Rocky\\nMountains and south of Maine. You must go\\nout at the right time, however, for the bird sings\\nbut a few weeks in the year, although he remains\\nin New England almost six months, or till the\\nmiddle of October. He is one of the birds that\\nevery one should know, since it is perfectly easy\\nto identify him and once known, he is never to\\nbe forgotten, or to be confounded with anything\\nelse.\\nThe thrasher s nest is a rude, careless-looking\\nstructure, made of twigs, roots, and dry leaves,\\nand is to be looked for on the ground, or in a\\nbush not far above it. Often it has so much the\\nappearance of a last year s affair that one is\\ntempted to pass it as unworthy of notice. I have\\nbeen fooled in that way more than once.\\nThe bird sits close, as the saying is, and as\\nshe stares at you with her yellow eyes, full at\\nonce of courage and fear, you will need a hard\\nheart to disturb her. Sometimes she will really\\nshow fight, and she has been known to drive a\\nsmall boy off the field. Her whistle after she\\nhas been frightened from her eggs or nestlings\\nis one of the most pathetic sounds in nature. I", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "18 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nshould feel sorry for the boy who could hear it\\nwithout pity.\\nBesides this mournful whistle, the thrasher\\nhas a note almost exactly like a smacking kiss,\\nvery realistic, and sometimes, especially at\\ndusk, an uncanny, ghostly whisper, that seems\\nmeant expressly to suggest the presence of some-\\nthing unearthly and awful. So far as I am\\naware, there is no other bird-note like it. I have\\nno doubt that many a superstitious person has\\ntaken to his heels on hearing it from the bushes\\nalong a lonesome roadside after nightfall.\\nExcept in the spring, indeed, there is little\\nabout the thrasher s appearance or behavior to\\nsuggest pleasant thoughts. To me, at any rate,\\nhe seems a creature of chronic low spirits. The\\nworld has used him badly, and he cannot get\\nover it. He is almost the only bird I ever see\\nwithout a little inspiration of cheerfulness. Per-\\nhaps I misjudge him.\\nLet my young readers make his acquaintance\\non their own account, if they have not already\\ndone so, and find him a livelier creature than I\\nhave described him, if they can.", "height": "4866", "width": "3429", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE BUTCHER-BIRD\\nButcher-bird is not a very pretty name,\\nbut it is expressive and appropriate, and so is\\nlikely to stick quite as long as the more bookish\\nword shrike/ which is the bird s other title.\\nIt comes from its owner s habit of impaling the\\ncarcasses of its prey upon thorns, as a butcher\\nhangs upon a hook the body of a pig or other\\nanimal that he has slaughtered.\\nIn a place like the Public Garden of Boston,\\nif a shrike happens to make it his hunting-ground\\nfor a week or two, you may find here and there\\nin the hawthorn-trees the body of a mouse or the\\nheadless trunk of an English sparrow spitted upon\\na thorn. Grasshoppers are said to be treated\\nin a similar manner, but I have never met with\\nthe bird s work in the grasshopper season.\\nThe shrike commonly seen in the Northern\\nStates is a native of the far north, and comes\\ndown to our latitude only in cold weather. He\\ntravels singly, and if he finds a place to suit him,\\na place where the living is good, he will often", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "20 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nremain almost in the same spot for weeks\\ntogether.\\nIn size and appearance he resembles the mock-\\ningbird. His colors are gray, black, and white,\\nhis tail is long, and his bill is hooked like a\\nhawk s.\\nHe likes a perch from which he can see a good\\ndistance about him. A telegraph wire answers\\nhis purpose very well, but his commonest seat is\\nthe very tip of a tallish tree. If you look across\\na field in winter and descry a medium-sized bird\\nswaying on the topmost twig of a lonesome tree,\\nbalancing himself by continual tiltings of his\\nlong tail, you may set him down as most likely\\na butcher-bird.\\nHis flight is generally not far from the ground,\\nbut as he draws near the tree in which he means\\nto alight, he turns suddenly upward. It would\\nbe surprising to see him alight on one of the\\nlower branches, or anywhere, indeed, except at\\nthe topmost point.\\nSmall birds are all at once scarce and silent\\nwhen the shrike appears. Sometimes in his\\nhunger he will attack a bird heavier than him-\\nself. I had once stopped to look at a flicker in a\\nroadside apple-tree, when I suddenly noticed a\\nbutcher-bird not far off. At the same moment,\\nas it seemed, the butcher-bird caught sight of the\\nflicker, and made a swoop toward him. The", "height": "4929", "width": "3425", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "THE BUTCHER-BIRD 21\\nflicker, somewhat to my surprise, showed no sign\\nof panic, or even of fear* He simply moved\\naside, as much as to say, Oh, stop that Don t\\nbother me How the affair would have re-\\nsulted, I cannot tell. To my regret, the shrike at\\nthat moment seemed to become aware of a man s\\npresence, and flew away, leaving the woodpecker\\nto pursue his exploration of the apple-tree at his\\nleisure.\\nThe shrike has a very curious habit of singing,\\nor of trying to sing, in the disjointed manner of\\na catbird. I have many times heard him thus\\nengaged, and can bear witness that some of his\\ntones are really musical. Some people have sup-\\nposed that at such times he is trying to decoy\\nsmall birds, but to me the performance has al-\\nways seemed like music, or an attempt at music,\\nrather than strategy.\\nSouthern readers may be presumed to be fa-\\nmiliar with another shrike, known as the logger-\\nhead. As I have seen him in Florida he is a very\\ntame, unsuspicious creature, nesting in the shade-\\ntrees of towns. The French mocking-bird, a\\nplanter told me he was called. Mr. Chapman\\nhas seen one fly fifty yards to catch a grasshop-\\nper which, to all appearance, he had sighted\\nbefore quitting his perch. The power of flight\\nis not the only point as to which birds have the\\nadvantage of human beings.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "VI\\nTHE SCARLET TANAGER\\nWhen I began to learn the birds, I was living\\nin a large city. One of the first things I did,\\nafter buying a book, was to visit a cabinet of\\nmounted specimens stuffed birds/ as we\\noften call them. Such a wonderful and confus-\\ning variety as there was to my ignorant eyes\\nAmong them I remarked especially a gorgeous\\nscarlet creature with black wings and a black tail.\\nIt was labeled the scarlet tanager. So far as I\\nwas concerned, it could not have looked more\\nforeign if it had come from Borneo. My book\\ntold me that it was common in Massachusetts. It\\nmight be, I thought, but I had never seen it\\nthere. And a bird so splendid as that Bright\\nenough to set the woods on fire How could I\\nhave missed it\\nWell, there came a Saturday, with its half-\\nholiday for clerks, and I went into the country,\\nwhere I betook myself to the woods of my native\\nvillage, the woods wherein I had rambled all the\\nyears of my boyhood. And that afternoon, be-", "height": "4912", "width": "3429", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "SCARLET TANAGER\\ni. Male. 2. Female", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "THE SCARLET TANAGER 23\\nfore I came out of them, I put my opera-glass on\\ntwo of those wonderful scarlet and black birds.\\nIt was a day to be remembered.\\nSince that time, of course, I have seen many\\nlike them. In one sense, their beauty has become\\nto, me an old story but I hope that I have set\\nhere and there a reader on a hunt that has been\\nas happily rewarded as mine was on that bright\\nsummer afternoon. In one respect, the beginner\\nhas a great advantage over an old hand. He has\\nthe pleasure of more excitement and surprise.\\nThe bird to be looked for is a little longer than\\na bluebird, of a superb scarlet color except for\\nits wings and tail, which, as I have said, are jet-\\nblack. I speak of the male in full spring costume.\\nHis mate does not show so much as a red feather,\\nbut is greenish yellow, or yellowish green, with\\ndark not black wings and tail.\\nYou may see the tanager once in a while in\\nthe neighborhood of your house, if the grounds\\nare set with shade-trees, but for the most part\\nhe lives in woods, especially in hard woods of a\\nfairly old growth.\\nOne of the first things for you to do, with him\\nas with all birds, is to acquaint yourself with his\\ncall-notes and his song. The call is of two syl-\\nlables, and sounds like chip-chirr. It is easily\\nremembered after you have once seen the bird in", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "24 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nthe act of uttering it. The song is much in the\\nmanner of the robin s, but less smooth and flow-\\ning. I have often thought, and sometimes said,\\nthat it is just such a song as the robin might\\ngive us if he were afflicted with what people call\\na hoarse cold. The bird sings as if his whole\\nheart were engaged, but at the same time in a\\nnoticeably broken and short-winded style.\\nThe oftener you hear him, the easier you will\\nfind it to distinguish him from a robin, although\\nat first you may find yourself badly at a loss.\\nA boy that can tell any one of twenty playmates\\nby the tones of his voice alone will need nothing\\nbut practice and attention to do the same for a\\ngreat part of the sixty or seventy kinds of com-\\nmon birds living in the woods and fields about\\nhim.\\nThe tanager s nest is built in a tree, on the\\nflat of a level branch, so to speak, generally\\ntoward the end. Sometimes, at any rate, it is a\\nsurprisingly loose, carelessly constructed thing,\\nthrough the bottom of which one can see the\\nblue or bluish eggs while standing on the ground\\nunderneath.\\nIt must be plain to any one that the mother\\nbird, in her dull greenish dress, is much less\\neasily seen, and therefore much less in danger, as\\nshe sits brooding, than she would be if she wore", "height": "4866", "width": "3434", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "THE SCARLET TANAGER 25\\nthe flaming scarlet feathers that render her mate\\nso handsome.\\nSouthern readers will know also another kind\\nof tanager, not red and black, but red all over.\\nHe, too, is a great beauty, although if the ques-\\ntion were left to me, I could not give him the\\npalm over his more northern relative. The red\\nof the southern bird is of a different shade\\nrose-red or vermilion, the books call\\nit. He sings like the scarlet tanager, but in a\\nsmoother voice. Although he is a red bird, he\\nis not to be confounded with the southern red-\\nbird. The latter, better known as the cardinal\\ngrosbeak, is a thick-billed bird of the sparrow and\\nfinch family. He is frequently seen in cages,\\nand is a royal whistler.\\nThe scarlet tanager the male in red and\\nblack plumage is not to be mistaken for any-\\nthing else in the Eastern States. Once see him,\\nand you will always know him. For that reason\\nhe is an excellent subject for the beginner. He\\npasses the winter in Central or South America,\\nand returns to New England in the second week\\nof May. He makes his appearance in full dress,\\nbut later in the season changes it for one resem-\\nbling pretty closely the duller plumage of his\\nmate.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "VII\\nTHE SONG SPARROW\\nSparrows are of many kinds, and in a gen-\\neral way the different kinds look so much alike\\nthat the beginner in bird study is apt to find\\nthem confusing, if not discouraging. They will\\ntry his patience, no matter how sharp and clever\\nhe may think himself, and unless he is much\\ncleverer than the common run of humanity, he\\nwill make a good many mistakes before he gets\\nto the end of them.\\nOne of the best and commonest of them all is\\nthe song sparrow. His upper parts are mottled,\\nof course, since he is a sparrow. His light-\\ncolored breast is sharply streaked, and in the\\nmiddle of it the streaks usually run together and\\nform a blotch. His outer tail-feathers are not\\nwhite, and there is no yellow on the wings or\\nabout the head. These last points are mentioned\\nin order to distinguish him from two other spar-\\nrows with streaked breasts the vesper sparrow\\nand the savanna.\\nBy the middle of March song sparrows reach", "height": "4929", "width": "3446", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "SONG SPARROW\\nMale. 2. Female", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3469", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "THE SONG SPARROW 27\\nNew England in crowds, along with robins\\nand red-winged blackbirds, and are to be\\nheard singing on all hands, especially in the\\nneighborhood o\u00c2\u00a3 water. They remain until late\\nautumn, and here and there one will be found\\neven in midwinter.\\nThe song, for which this sparrow is particu-\\nlarly distinguished, is a bright and lively strain,\\nnothing very great in itself, perhaps, but thrice\\nwelcome for being heard so early in the season,\\nwhen the ear is hungry after the long winter\\nsilence. Its chief distinction, however, is its\\namazing variety. Not only do no two birds sing\\nprecisely alike, but the same bird sings many\\ntunes.\\nOf this latter fact, which I have known some\\nexcellent people to be skeptical about, you can\\nreadily satisfy yourself, and there is nothing\\nlike knowing a thing at first hand, if you will\\ntake the pains to keep a singer under your eye\\nat the height of the musical season. You will\\nfind that he repeats one strain for perhaps a\\ndozen times, without the change of a note then\\nsuddenly he comes out with a song entirely dif-\\nferent. This second song he will in turn drop\\nfor a third, and so on. The bird acts, for all the\\nworld, as if he were singing hymns, of so many\\nverses each, one after another.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "28 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nIt is really a wonderful performance. There\\nare very few kinds of birds that do anything like\\nit. Of itself it is enough to make the song spar-\\nrow famous, and it is well worth any one s while\\nto hear it and see it done. Nobody can see it\\nwithout believing that birds have a true appre-\\nciation of music. They are better off than some\\nhuman beings, at all events. They know one\\ntune from another.\\nA lady correspondent was good enough to\\nsend me, not long ago, a pleasing account of the\\ndoings of a pair of song sparrows, which, as she\\nsays, came to her for six seasons.\\nOne year, she writes, they happened to\\nbuild where I could watch them from the win-\\ndow, and they did a very curious thing. They\\nfed the little birds with all sorts of worms of dif-\\nferent colors until they were ready to leave the\\nnest then the male brought a pure white moth\\nand held it near the nest, which was in some\\nstems of a rosebush a few inches from the\\nground, on a level with the lower rail of a picket\\nfence.\\nOne of the little birds came out of the nest\\nat once and followed its parent, who went side-\\nwise, always holding the dazzling white morsel\\njust out of the youngster s reach. In this man-\\nner they crossed the lane, climbed the inclined", "height": "4866", "width": "3426", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE SONG SPARROW 29\\nplane of a woodpile, and passed through a fence\\nand across a vegetable garden into an asparagus\\nbed, in which miniature forest the little traveler\\nreceived and ate the moth.\\nAnother nest was built on the bank of a\\nbrook on the farther side of a road. Out of\\nthis nest I saw two little fellows coaxed with\\nthese snow-white moths, and led across the dusty\\nroad into a hedge.\\nOne or two experiences of this kind are suffi-\\ncient reward for a good deal of patient obser-\\nvation. The singer of this pair of birds, my\\ncorrespondent says, had ten distinct songs, one\\nof them exceedingly beautiful and peculiar.\\nThe song sparrow s nest is usually built on\\nthe ground, and the bird is one of several kinds\\nthat are known indiscriminately by country\\npeople as ground sparrows.\\nSong sparrows seem to be of a pretty nervous\\ndisposition, to judge from their behavior. One\\nof their noticeable characteristics is a twitching,\\nup-and-down, pumping motion of the tail, as\\nthey dash into cover on being disturbed.\\nPeople who live in the Southern States see\\nthese birds only in the cooler part of the year,\\nbut must have abundant opportunity to hear\\nthem sing as spring approaches.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "VIII\\nTHE FIELD SPARROW AND THE CHIPPER\\nAll beginners in bird study find the sparrow\\nfamily a hard one. There are so many kinds\\nof sparrows, and the different kinds look so con-\\nfusingly alike. How shall I ever be able to tell\\nthem apart the novice says to himself.\\nWell, there is no royal road to such learning,\\nit may as well be confessed. But there is a road,\\nfor all that, and a pretty good one, the road\\nof patience and there is much pleasure to be\\nhad in following it. If you know one sparrow,\\nbe it only the so-called English, you have\\nmade a beginning.\\nIf you know the English sparrow, I say for,\\nstrange as it may seem, I find numbers of peo-\\nple who do not. Take the average inhabitant\\nof any of our large cities into the country, and\\nlet him come upon an English sparrow in a way-\\nside hedge, and there are three chances to one\\nthat he will not know with certainty what to\\ncall it. Quite as likely as not he has never\\nnoticed that there are two kinds of English spar-", "height": "4866", "width": "3416", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE FIELD SPARROW AND THE CHIPPER 31\\nrows, very differently feathered the male and\\nthe female.\\nIn a short chapter like this I am not going to\\nattempt a miracle. If you read it to the end,\\nnever so carefully, you will not be prepared to\\nname all the sparrows at sight. As I said be-\\nfore, they are a hard set. My wish now is to\\nspeak of two of the smallest and commonest.\\nOne of these is called sometimes the chipping\\nsparrow, sometimes the chipper, and sometimes\\nmuch less often the doorstep sparrow. Per-\\nsonally, I like the last name best, perhaps be-\\ncause I invented it. Scientific men, who prefer\\nfor excellent reasons to have their own names\\nfor things, call him Spizella socialis that is to\\nsay, the familiar or social little spiza, or sparrow.\\nThe idea of littleness, some young readers may\\nnot know, is contained in the termination ella,\\nwhich is what grammarians call a diminutive.\\nUmbrella, for instance, is literally a small umbra,\\nor shade.\\nWith most readers of this book the chipping\\nsparrow is a bird of spring, summer, and autumn.\\nFor the winter he retires to our extreme South-\\nern States and to Mexico. If you live in Massa-\\nchusetts, you may begin to be on the watch for\\nhim by the 5th of April. If your home is farther\\nsouth, you should see him somewhat earlier.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "32 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nPerhaps you will know him by this brief de-\\nscription a very small, slender sparrow, with a\\ndark chestnut-red crown, a black forehead, a\\nblack bill, and plain unstreaked and unspotted\\nunder parts.\\nHis ordinary note, or call, is a chip (whence\\nhis name), and his song is a very dry, tuneless,\\nmonotonous, long-drawn chipjiy-chijipy-chippy,\\nuttered so fast as to sound almost like a trill.\\nYou may like the bird never so well, but if you\\nhave any idea of music, you will never call him a\\nfine singer. What he and his mate think about\\nthe matter there is, of course, no telling. IJe\\nseems to be very much in earnest, at all events.\\nHe is a social bird, I say. You will not have\\nto go far afield or into the woods in search of\\nhim. If you live in any sort of country place,\\nwith a bit of garden and a few shrubs and fruit\\ntrees, a pair of chippers will be likely to find you\\nout. Their nest will be built in a tree or bush,\\na small structure neatly lined with hair, and in\\ndue time it will contain four or five eggs, blue\\nor greenish blue, with brown spots.\\nOur other bird is of the chipper s size, and,\\nlike him, has unstreaked and unspotted lower\\nparts. His bill is of a light color, reddish\\nbrown, one book says, pale reddish, says an-\\nother. This is one of the principal marks for", "height": "4919", "width": "3492", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE FIELD SPARROW AND THE CHIPPER 33\\nthe beginner to notice. Another is a wash of\\nbuff, or yellowish brown, on the sides of the\\nbreast. The upper parts, too, are in general\\nmuch lighter than the dripper s.\\nYou will not be likely often to find this bird\\nin your garden or about the lawn. He is called\\nthe field sparrow, but he lives mostly in dry old\\npastures, partly overgrown with bushes and trees.\\nHis nest is placed on the ground, or in a low\\nbush, and is often lined wholly or in part with\\nhair. He and the chipper belong to what is\\ncalled the same genus. That is to say, the two\\nare so nearly related that they have the same\\nsurname. The chipper is Spizella socialis, the\\nfield sparrow is Spizella pusilla; just as two\\nbrothers will have one name in common, say,\\nJones, William, and Jones, Andrew.\\nThe chipper is a favorite on account of his\\nfamiliar, friendly ways. The field sparrow de-\\nserves to be known and loved for his music.\\nFew birds sing better, in my opinion, though\\nmany make more display and are more talked\\nabout. The beauty of the song is in its sweet-\\nness, simplicity, and perfect taste. It begins\\nwith three or four longer notes, which run at\\nonce into quicker and shorter ones, either on the\\nsame pitch or a little higher. Really the strain\\nis almost too simple to make a description of a", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "34 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nsimple line of pure melody, one may say. You\\nmust hear it for yourself. Sometimes the bird\\ngives it out double, so to speak, catching it up\\nagain just as he seems ready to finish. The tone\\nis the clearest of whistles, and the whole effect is\\nmost delightful and soothing. It is worth any-\\nbody s while to spend a season or two in bird\\nstudy, if only to learn this and half a dozen more\\npieces of our common wild-bird music.\\nThe field sparrow s times of arrival and depar-\\nture are practically the same as the chipper s.\\nNeither bird is hard to see, or very hard to dis-\\ntinguish a bit of patience and an opera-gl^ss\\nwill do the business though you may have to\\npuzzle awhile over either of them before making\\nquite sure of your knowledge. In bird study, as\\nin any other, we learn by correcting our own\\nmistakes.", "height": "4866", "width": "3477", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "IX\\nSOME APRIL SPARROWS\\nFor the first three weeks of April the ornithol-\\nogist goes comparatively seldom into the woods.\\nMillions of birds have come up from the South,\\nbut the forest is still almost deserted. May, with\\nits hosts of warblers, will bring a grand change\\nin this respect; meanwhile the sparrows are in\\nthe ascendant, and we shall do well to follow the\\nroad for the most part, though with frequent\\nexcursions across fields and into gardens and or-\\nchards. Of eighty-four species of birds seen by\\nme in April, a year ago, twenty-one were water\\nbirds, and of the remaining sixty-three, twenty,\\nor almost one third, were members of the spar-\\nrow family, while only five were warblers. In\\nMay, on the other hand, out of one hundred and\\ntwenty-five species seen twenty-three were war-\\nblers, and only eighteen were sparrows. To re-\\npresent the case fairly, however, the comparison\\nshould be by individuals rather than by species,\\nand for such a comparison I have no adequate\\ndata. My own opinion is that of all the birds", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "36 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\ncommonly seen in April, more than half, perhaps\\nas many as four fifths, are members of the spar-\\nrow family. There are days, indeed, when the\\nsong sparrows alone seem to outnumber all other\\nbirds, and other days when the same is true of\\nthe snowbirds.\\nThe large and noble sparrow family, which\\nincludes not only the sparrows, commonly so\\ncalled, but finches, grosbeaks, crossbills, snow-\\nbirds, buntings, and the like, is represented in\\nNorth America by more than ninety species, and\\nin Massachusetts by about forty. It is preem-\\ninently a musical family, and, with us at least,\\nApril is the best month of the twelve in which\\nto appreciate its lyrical efforts, notwithstanding\\nthe fact that one of its most distinguished song-\\nsters, the rose-breasted grosbeak, is still absent.\\nAmong the more gifted of its April represent-\\natives are the fox sparrow, so named from his\\ncolor, the purple finch, the song sparrow, the\\nvesper sparrow, the tree sparrow, the field spar-\\nrow, and the white-throated sparrow seven\\ncommon birds, every one of them deserving to\\nbe known by any who care for sweet sounds.\\nOne of the seven, the purple finch, also called\\nthe linnet, is unlike all the others, and easily\\nexcels them all in the fluency and copiousness\\nof his music. He is readily distinguishable in", "height": "4916", "width": "3461", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "SOME APRIL SPARROWS 37\\nadult male plumage as a sparrow whose head\\nand neck appear to have been dipped in carmine\\nink, or perhaps in pokeberry juice. His song is\\na prolonged, rapid, unbroken warble, which he\\nis much given to delivering while on the wing,\\nhovering ecstatically and singing as if he would\\npour out his very soul. He is a familiar bird, a\\nlover of orchards and roadside trees, but is not\\nso universally distributed, probably, as most of\\nthe other species I have named.\\nIn contrast with the purple finch, all the six\\nsparrows here mentioned with him have brief and\\nrather formal songs. Those of the fox sparrow\\nand the tree sparrow bear a pretty strong resem-\\nblance to each other, especially as to cadence or\\ninflection the song sparrow s and the vesper\\nsparrow s are still more closely alike, and will\\nalmost certainly confuse the novice, while those\\nof the field sparrow and the white-throat are each\\nquite unique.\\nThe fox sparrow visits Massachusetts as a\\nmigrant only, and the same might be said of the\\nwhite-throat, only that it breeds in Berkshire\\nCounty and single birds are often seen in the\\neastern part of the State during the winter. The\\ntree sparrow is a winter resident, going far north\\nto rear its young, and the remaining four species\\nare with us for the summer.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "38 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nThe fox sparrow is to be heard from the 20th\\nof March (I speak roughly) to the middle of April.\\nIn respect to voice and cadence, he is to me the\\nfinest of our sparrows proper, though I do not\\nthink him so finished an artist as the song and\\nvesper sparrows. He may be recognized by his\\nsuperior size and his bright rusty-red (reddish\\nbrown) color. Indeed, these two features give\\nhim at first sight the appearance of a thrush. He\\nis one of the sparrows like the song, the vesper,\\nthe savanna, and the Ipswich which are thickly\\nstreaked upon the breast.\\nThe tree sparrow passes the winter with us r as\\nI have said, but abounds only during the two\\nmigrations. He is in full song for the greater\\npart of April. His distinctive marks are a bright\\nreddish chestnut crown, conspicuous white\\nwing-bars, and an obscure round blotch in the\\nmiddle of his unstreaked breast.\\nThe white-throat, commonly a very abundant\\nmigrant, arrives about the 20th of April and re-\\nmains till about the middle of May. His loud,\\nclear song is remarkable for its peculiar and\\nstrongly marked rhythm. It consists of two com-\\nparatively long introductory notes, followed by\\nthree sets of triplets in monotone like see, see,\\npeabody, peabody, pedbody. This bird, too,\\nperplexing as the sparrows are usually thought", "height": "4910", "width": "3472", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "SOME APRIL SPARROWS 39\\nto be, is perfectly well marked, with a white\\nthroat (not merely a white chin, as in the swamp\\nsparrow) and a broad white stripe on each side\\nof the crown, turning to yellow in front of the\\neyes. The crown itself is dark, with a white line\\nthrough the middle, and each wing is adorned\\nwith two white bars. In size the white-throat\\ncomes next to the fox sparrow.\\nThe song sparrow and the vesper sparrow not\\nonly sing alike, but look alike. The latter may\\nbe told at once, however, by his white outer tail\\nfeathers, which show as he flies. These are two\\nof our commonest and worthiest birds. The ves-\\nper sparrow, more generally known, perhaps, as\\nthe bay-winged bunting, likes a drier field than\\nthe song sparrow, and is especially noticeable for\\nhis trick of running along the path or the road\\ndirectly in front of the traveler.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "X\\nTHE ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK\\nThere is never a May passes, of recent years,\\nbut some one comes to me, or writes to me, to\\ninquire about a wonderfully beautiful bird that\\nhe has just seen for the first time. He does\\nhope I can tell him what it is. It is a pretty\\nlarge bird, he goes on to say, but not so long\\nas a robin, he thinks, if I question him, mostly\\nblack and white, but with such a splendid rosy\\npatch on his breast or throat What can it be\\nHe had no idea that anything so handsome was\\never to be seen in these parts.\\nIf all the questions that people ask about\\nbirds were as easily answered as this one, I should\\nbe thankful. It is a rose-breasted grosbeak, I\\ntell the inquirer. Perhaps he noticed that its bill\\nwas uncommonly stout. If he did, the fact is\\nexceptional, for somehow the shape of the bill is\\na point which the average person seems very sel-\\ndom to notice, although it is highly important.\\nAnyhow, the rosebreast s beak is most decidedly\\ngross. And he is every whit as beautiful as", "height": "4921", "width": "3474", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK\\nMales: 2. Female. 3. Young Mile", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3477", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE KOSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK 41\\nmy inquirer represents him to be. In that re-\\nspect he ranks with the oriole and the scarlet\\ntanager.\\nHe is distinguished also for his song, which is\\na flowing warble, wonderfully smooth and sweet.\\nTo most ears it bears a likeness to the robin s\\nsong, but it is beyond comparison more fluent and\\ndelicious, although not more hearty. Keep your\\near open for such a voice, by the middle of\\nMay if you live in New England, a little earlier\\nif your home is farther south, and you will be\\nlikely to hear it for at that time the bird is not\\nonly common, but a very free singer.\\nIn addition to his song, the rosebreast has\\na short call-note, which sounds very much like\\nthe squeak of a pair of rusty shears a kind\\nof hie, which you will find no difficulty about\\nremembering if you have once learned it. His\\nnest is generally built in a bush, often within\\nreach of the hand, but I have seen it well up in\\na rather tall tree. The two birds spell each\\nother in brooding, and are not only mutually\\naffectionate, but very brave. I have known the\\nmother bird to keep her seat even when I took\\nhold of the bush below the nest and drew her\\nalmost against my face. She, by the way, is\\na very modestly dressed body, being not only\\nwithout the rose-color, but without the clear", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "42 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\ncontrast of black and white. To look at her,\\nyou might take her for a large sparrow.\\nThe rose-color of the male, it should be said,\\nis not confined to the patch on the breast, but is\\nfound also on the lining of the wings, where it\\nis mostly unnoticed by the world, but where his\\nmate, of course, cannot help admiring it as he\\nflutters about her for it is certain that female\\nbirds have a good eye for color, and believe that\\nfine feathers help, at least, to make fine birds.\\nThe shade is of the brightest and most exquisite,\\nand the total effect of the male s plumage jet\\nblack, pure white, and vivid rose-red is quite\\nbeyond praise.\\nThe birds, happily, are not shy, and prefer\\na fairly open or broken country rather than a\\ndense wood. Last season one sang day after\\nday directly under my windows, and undoubt-\\nedly had a mate and a nest somewhere close by.\\nThe male, it should be added, has the very\\npretty though dangerous-seeming habit of sing-\\ning as he sits upon the eggs.", "height": "4866", "width": "3509", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "XI\\nTHE BLUE JAY\\nSome years ago, as the story conies to me, two\\ncollectors of birds met by accident in South\\nAmerica, one of them from Europe, the other\\nfrom the United States. There is one bird that\\nI would rather see than any other in the world/\\nsaid the European. It is the handsomest of\\nall the birds that fly, to my thinking, although\\nI know it only in the cabinet. You have it in\\nNorth America, but I suppose you do not often\\nsee it. I mean the blue jay.\\nWhat the American answered in words, I do\\nnot know; but I am pretty confident that he\\nsmiled. The European might almost as well\\nhave said that he supposed Boston people did\\nnot often see an English sparrow. Not that the\\nblue jay swarms everywhere as the foreign spar-\\nrow swarms in our American cities but it is so\\ncommon, so noisy, so conspicuous, and so unmis-\\ntakable, that it is, or ought to be, almost an\\neveryday sight to all country dwellers.\\nStrange as it seems, however, I find many", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "44 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\npeople who do not know the jay when they see\\nit. In late winter, say toward the end of Febru-\\nary, when I begin to be on the lookout for the\\nfirst bluebird of the year, I am all but certain to\\nhave word brought to me by some one of the\\nvillage school-teachers that bluebirds have al-\\nready come. Johnny This or Jimmy That saw\\none near his house several weeks ago! That\\nseveral weeks ago makes me suspicious, and\\non following up the matter I discover that John\\nand James have seen a large blue bird, larger\\nthan a robin, with some black and white on him\\nall white underneath and wearing a tall\\ncrest or topknot. Then I know that they have\\nmistaken a blue bird for a bluebird. They have\\nseen a blue jay, a bird of a very different feather.\\nHe has been with us all winter, as he always is,\\nand has been in sight from my windows daily.\\nSo easy is it for boys and men to guess at things,\\nand guess wrong.\\nThe jay is a relative of the crow, and has\\nmuch of the crow s cleverness, with more than\\nthe crow s beauty. Like the crow, if he has an\\nerrand near houses, he makes a point of doing it\\nin the early morning before the folks who live\\nin the houses have begun to stir about. In fact,\\nhe knows us, in some respects at least, better\\nthan we know him, and habitually takes advan-", "height": "4866", "width": "3501", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "THE BLUE JAY 45\\ntage of what no doubt seems to him a custom of\\nvery late rising on the part of human beings.\\nAmong small birds of all sorts he bears a de-\\ncidedly bad name. In nesting time you may\\nhear them uttering a chorus of loud and bitter\\nlaments as often as he appears among them.\\nTheir eggs and young are in danger, and they\\njoin forces to worry him and drive him away.\\nOne bird sounds the alarm, another hears him\\nand hastens to see what is going on, and in a\\nfew minutes the whole neighborhood is awake.\\nAnd it stays awake till the jay moves off. After\\nthat piece of evidence, you do not need to see\\nhim doing mischief. The little birds behavior\\nis sufficiently convincing. As Thoreau said, the\\npresence of a trout in the milk is something like\\nproof.\\nAnd jays, in their turn, club together against\\nenemies larger than themselves. Last autumn\\nI was walking through the woods with a friend,\\na city schoolmaster eager for knowledge, as\\nevery schoolmaster ought to be, when we heard\\na great screaming of blue jays from a swampy\\nthicket on our right hand.\\nNow what do you suppose the birds mean\\nby all that outcry said my friend.\\nI answered that very likely there was a hawk\\nor an owl there.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "46 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nLet s go and see/ said the master, and we\\nturned in that direction. Sure enough, we soon\\ncame face to face with a large hen-hawk perched\\nin one of the trees, while the jays, one after\\nanother, were dashing as near him as they dared,\\nyelling at him as they passed.\\nAt our nearer approach the hawk took wing\\nthen the jays disappeared, and silence fell upon\\nthe woods. And I dare say the schoolmaster\\ngave me credit for being a wondrously wise man\\nThe jay has many notes, and once in a great\\nwhile may even be heard indulging in something\\nlike a warble. One of his most musical calk\\nsounds to my ears a little like the word lily.\\nHe seems to be very fond of acorns, and is\\nfrequently to be seen standing upon a limb,\\nholding an acorn under his claw and hammering\\nit to pieces with all the force of his stout bill.\\nWhen angered, he scolds violently, bobbing up\\nand down in a most ridiculous manner. In fact,\\nhe is of a highly nervous temperament, and as\\nfull of gesticulations as a Frenchman.\\nTo me he is especially a bird of autumn. At\\nthat season the woods are loud with his clarion,\\nand as I listen to it I can often feel myself a\\nboy again, rambling in the woods that knew me\\nin my school-days. With all his faults his ill\\ntreatment of small birds, I mean I should be\\nsorry to have his numbers greatly diminished.", "height": "4918", "width": "3481", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "XII\\nTHE KINGBIRD\\nAs a very small boy I spent much time in a\\ncertain piece of rather low ground partly grown\\nup to bushes. Here in early spring I picked\\nbunches of pretty pink and white flowers, which\\nI now know to have been anemones. In the\\nsame place, a month or two later, I gathered\\nsplendid red lilies, and admired, without gather-\\ning it, a tiny blue flower with a yellow centre.\\nThis would not bear taking home, but was al-\\nways an attraction to me. I should have liked\\nit better still, I am sure, if some one had been\\nkind enough to tell me its pretty name blue-\\neyed grass.\\nHere, also, I picked the first strawberries of\\nthe season and the first blueberries. They were\\nluxuries indeed. A gill-cup full of either of\\nthem was good pay for an hour s search.\\nIn one corner of the place there were half a\\ndozen or so of apple-trees, and on the topmost\\nbranches of these there used to perch continually\\ntwo or three birds of a kind which some older", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "48 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nboy told me were kingbirds. At these my bro-\\nther and I both of us small enough to be ex-\\ncusable for such mischief were in the habit of\\nthrowing green apples partly to see how near\\nwe could come to hitting them, partly for the\\nfun of watching them rise into the air, circle\\nabout with sharp cries, and then settle back upon\\nthe perches they had left. Sometimes we stuck\\nthe half -grown apple on the end of a stick, swung\\nthe stick round our heads, and sent the apple\\nflying to a tremendous distance. Stick or no\\nstick, however, we were in no danger of killing\\nanything, as I am glad now to remember.\\nWhat amazed us was that the birds did not go\\naway. No matter how long we appled them,\\nthey were certain to be on hand the next day in\\nthe same place. We must have been very young\\nand very green, greener even than the apples,\\nfor it never occurred to us that the birds had\\nnests in the trees, and for that reason were not\\nto be driven away by our petty persecutions.\\nEven then I noticed the peculiar flight of the\\nbirds the short, quick strokes of their wings,\\nand their habit of hovering. These are among\\nthe signs by which the kingbird can be recog-\\nnized a long way off. He is dark-colored above,\\nalmost black, pure white underneath, and\\nhis tail, when outspread, shows a broad white", "height": "4914", "width": "3500", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "THE KINGBIRD 49\\nborder at the tip. On his crown is an orange-\\nred patch, but you will probably never see it\\nunless you have the bird in your hand and brush\\napart the feathers in search of it.\\nThe kingbird s Latin name has much the same\\nmeaning as his common English one. Tyrannus\\ntyrannies he is called by scientific people. He\\nbelongs to a family known as flycatchers, birds\\nthat catch insects on the wing. That is the rea-\\nson why the kingbird likes a perch at the tip of\\nsomething, so that he can dart out after a pass-\\ning insect, catch it, and return to his perch to\\nwait for another. should call him the apple-\\ntree flycatcher, if the matter were referred to\\nme.\\nHe is not large, little bigger than an Eng-\\nlish sparrow, but he has plenty of courage and\\na strong disposition to u rule the roost, as the\\nsaying goes. Every country boy has laughed to\\nsee the kingbird chasing a crow. And a very\\nlively and pleasing sight it is the crow making\\nfor the nearest wood as fast as his wings will\\ncarry him, and one or two kingbirds in hot pur-\\nsuit. Their great aim is to get above him and\\nswoop down upon his back. Sometimes you will\\nsee one actually alight on a crow s back and, as\\nboys say, give it to him in great style.\\nAnother taking action of the kingbird is his", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "50\\nEVERYDAY BIRDS\\ntrick of flying straight up in the air, almost per-\\npendicularly, as if he were trying to see how near\\nhe could come to performing that impossible feat,\\nand then tumbling about madly, with noisy out-\\ncries. Often it looks as if he actually turned\\nsomersaults. He cannot sing, and so has to let\\nhis high spirits bubble over in these half -crazy\\ngymnastics. All in all, he is a very lively and\\nentertaining customer.\\nHis nest is built in a tree, often in an orchard,\\nand is comparatively easy to find. The birds\\narrive in New England in the first week of May,\\nhaving passed the winter in Central or South\\nAmerica, and remain till the end of August.\\nLike most birds, they are very punctual in\\ntheir coming and going. No doubt they have\\nan almanac of their own. You will do well to\\nfind one of them in Massachusetts after the first\\ntwo or three days of September.\\nToward the end of their stay, flycatchers\\nthough they are, they feed largely upon berries.\\nI have seen a dozen in one small dogwood bush,\\nall eating greedily.", "height": "4866", "width": "3493", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "XIII\\nTHE HUMMINGBIRD\\nHummingbirds are found only in America\\nand on the islands near it. They are of many\\nkinds, but only one kind is ever seen in the east-\\nern United States. This is known as the ruby-\\nthroated hummingbird, because of a splendid red\\nthroat-patch worn by the male. To speak more\\nexactly, the patch is red only in some lights.\\nYou see it one instant as black as a coal, and the\\nnext instant it flashes like a coal on fire. This\\nornament, a real jewel, with the lovely\\nshining green of the bird s back, makes him an\\nobject of great beauty.\\nEvery one knows him, or would do so only\\nthat some people confuse him with bright-colored,\\nlong-tongued hummingbird moths that are seen\\nhovering, mostly in the early evening, over the\\nflowers of the garden.\\nThe ruby-throat spends the winter south of\\nthe United States. He arrives in Florida in\\nMarch, but does not reach New England till near\\nthe middle of May.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "52 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nMany persons seem to imagine that the hum-\\nmer lives on the wing. They have never seen\\none sitting still, they say. But the truth is that\\nhummingbirds pass but a small part of the time\\nin the air. They are so very small, however,\\nthat they are easily overlooked on a branch of a\\ntree, and the average person never notices them\\nexcept when the hum of their wings attracts his\\nattention.\\nOne of the prettiest sights in the world is a\\nhummingbird hovering before a blossom, his\\nwings vibrating so fast as to make a mist about\\nhim, and his long needle of a bill probing the\\nflower with quick, eager thrusts. All his move-\\nments are of lightning-like rapidity, and even\\nwhile your eyes are on him he is gone like a\\nflash, you cannot say whither.\\nThe hummingbird s nest is built on a branch\\nof a tree, saddled on it, and is not very\\nhard to find after you have once seen one, and\\nso have learned precisely what to look for.\\nGenerally it is placed well out toward the end of\\nthe limb. I have found it on pitch-pines in the\\nwoods, on roadside maples, shade trees, and\\nespecially in apple and pear orchards. The mo-\\nther bird is very apt to betray its whereabouts\\nby buzzing about the head of any one who\\ncomes near it.", "height": "4866", "width": "3483", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD\\n7, 2. Males. 3. Female. 4. Voting", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3476", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "THE HUMMINGBIRD 53\\nLast May, for example, I stopped in the mid-\\ndle of the road to listen for the voice of a house\\nwren, when I caught instead the buzz and squeak\\nof a hummer. Turning my gaze upward, I saw\\nher fly to a half -built nest on a maple branch\\ndirectly over my head.\\nThe nest is a tiny thing, looking for size and\\nshape like a cup out of a child s toy tea-set. Its\\nwalls are thick, and on the outside are covered\\nshingled, we may say with bits of gray\\nlichen, which help to make the nest look like\\nnothing more than a knot. Whether they are\\nput on for that purpose, or by way of ornament,\\nis more than I can tell.\\nThe bird always lays two white eggs, about\\nas large as peas. The young ones stay in the\\nnest for three weeks, more or less, till they are\\nfully grown and fledged, and perfectly well able\\nto fly. I once saw one take his first flight, and\\na great venture it seemed. All these three\\nweeks, and for another week afterward, the\\nmother no father is present has her hands\\nfull to supply the little things with food, which\\nshe gives them from her crop, thrusting her\\nlong, sharp bill clean down their throats in the\\nprocess, in a way to make a looker-on shiver.\\nThe only note I have ever heard from the ruby-\\nthroat is a squeak, which seems to be an expres-", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "54 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nsion of nervousness or annoyance, and is uttered\\nwhenever an intruder a man, a cat, or a\\nstrange bird comes near the tree in which her\\ntreasures are hidden.\\nHummingbirds sometimes fly into open win-\\ndows and are caught. At such times they be-\\ncome tame almost at once, but it is difficult, if\\nnot impossible, to keep them alive in captivity,\\nand it is cruel to attempt it, except when the\\nlittle creature is injured and plainly unable to\\nlook out for itself.\\nA lady of my acquaintance discovered a hum-\\nmingbird under her piazza. It had flown in by\\naccident, probably, and now was darting to and\\nfro in a frantic attempt to get out. The piazza\\nwas open on three sides, to be sure, but the\\nfrightened bird kept up against the ceiling, and\\nof course found itself walled in.\\nFearful that it would injure itself, the lady\\nbrought a broom and tried to force it to come\\ndown and so discover its way out but it was\\nonly the more scared. Then a happy thought\\ncame to her. She went to the garden, plucked\\na few flowers, and going back to the piazza, set\\nthem down for the bird to see. Instantly it flew\\ntoward them, and as it did so it saw the open\\nworld without, and away it went.\\nAnother lady wrote me once a very pretty", "height": "4866", "width": "3460", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE HUMMINGBIRD 55\\nstory of a hummer that came and probed a nas-\\nturtium which she held in her hand.\\nIt is wonderful to think that so tiny a bird,\\nborn in New England or in Canada in June,\\nshould travel to Cuba or Central America in the\\nautumn, and the next spring find its way back\\nagain to its birthplace.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "XIV\\nTHE CHIMNEY SWIFT\\nEvery kind of bird is adapted to get its living\\nin a particular way. It is strong in some re-\\nspects, and weak in others. Some birds have\\npowerful legs, but can hardly fly others live on\\nthe wing, and can hardly walk. Of these flying\\nbirds none is more common than the chimney\\nswift, or, as he is improperly called, the chimney\\nswallow. No one ever saw him sitting on a\\nperch or walking on the ground. In fact, his\\nwings are so long, and his legs so short and weak,\\nthat if he were to alight on the ground, he would\\nprobably never be able to rise into the air\\nagain.\\nHe hardly seems to need a description, and\\nyet I suppose that many persons, not to say\\npeople in general, do not know him from a swal-\\nlow. His color is sooty brown, turning to gray\\non the throat. His body, as he is seen in the\\nair, is shaped like a bobbin, bluntly pointed at\\nboth ends. If he is carefully watched, however,", "height": "4866", "width": "3469", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "THE CHIMNEY SWIFT 57\\nit will be noticed that he spreads his tail for an\\ninstant whenever he changes suddenly the direc-\\ntion of his flight. In other words, he uses his\\ntail as a rudder.\\nHe shoots about the sky at a tremendous\\nspeed, much of the time sailing, with his long, nar-\\nrow wings firmly set, and is especially lively and\\nnoisy toward nightfall. Very commonly two or\\nthree of the birds fly side by side, cackling\\nmerrily and acting very much as if they were\\namusing themselves with some kind of game.\\nThey feed on the wing, and have wide, gaping\\nmouths perfectly adapted to that purpose.\\nAs their name implies, they build their nests\\nand pass the night mostly in chimneys, although\\nin the wilder parts of the country they still\\ninhabit hollow trees. Numbers of pairs live\\ntogether in a colony.\\nOne of the chimneys of a certain house near\\nthe Charles River, in Newton, Massachusetts, has\\nfor many years been a favorite resort of swifts.\\nI have many times visited the place to watch the\\nbirds go to roost. Little by little they gather in\\na flock, as twilight comes on, and then for an\\nhour or more the whole company, hundreds in\\nnumber, go sweeping over the valley in broad\\ncircles, having the chimney for a centre. Grad-\\nually the circles become narrower, and at the", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "58 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nsame time the excitement of the flock increases.\\nAgain and again the birds approach the chim-\\nney, as if they meant to descend into it. Then\\naway they shoot for another round.\\nAt length the going to roost actually begins.\\nHalf a dozen or a dozen of the birds drop one\\nby one into the chimney. The rest sweep away,\\nand when they come back, a second detachment\\ndrops in. And so the lively performance goes\\non till the last straggler folds his wings above\\nthe big black cavity and tumbles headlong out\\nof sight.\\nThe swift makes his nest of twigs, and as he\\ncannot alight on the ground in search of them,\\nhe is compelled to gather them from the dead\\nlimbs of trees. Over and over again you will\\nsee the bird dart against such a limb, catching\\nat a twig as he pauses for the merest instant be-\\nfore it. It is difficult to be sure whether he suc-\\nceeds or not, his movements are so rapid, but it\\nis certain that he must often fail. However, he\\nacts upon the old motto, Try, try again/ and\\nin course of time the nest is built. And an\\nextremely pretty nest it is, with the white eggs\\nin it, the black twigs glued firmly together with\\nthe bird s own saliva.", "height": "4866", "width": "3493", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "XV\\nNIGHTHAWK AND WHIP-POOR-WILL\\nRustic people are a little shy of theories and\\nbook-learning. Not long ago it was early\\nin March I met an old man who lives by him-\\nself in a kind of hermitage in the woods, and\\nwho knows me in a general way as a bird stu-\\ndent. We greeted each other, and I inquired\\nwhether he had seen any bluebirds yet. Np, he\\nsaid, it was n t time.\\nOh, but they are here, I answered. I saw\\na flock of ten on the 26th of February. Good-\\nnatured incredulity came out all over his face.\\nDid you hear them sing he asked.\\nYes, said I and, furthermore, I saw\\nsome this forenoon very near your house.\\nWell, he remarked, according to my ex-\\nperience, it is too early for bluebirds. Besides,\\nthey never go in flocks and when anybody tells\\nme at this time of the year that he has seen a\\nflock of bluebirds, I always know that he has seen\\nsome blue snowbirds.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "60 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nHe spoke with an air of finality which left me\\nnothing to do but to smile and pass on.\\nThis little incident called to mind another, and\\nthat put it into my head to write this article.\\nA farmer, who had seen me passing his house\\nand loitering about his lanes and fields for sev-\\neral years, often with an opera-glass in my hand,\\none day hailed me to ask whether the nighthawk\\nand the whip-poor-will were the same bird, as he\\nhad heard people say. I assured him (or rather\\nI told him it turned out that I had not made\\nhim sure) that they were quite distinct, and pro-\\nceeded to remark upon some of the more obvious\\npoints of difference between the two, especially\\nas to their habits and manner of life. He lis-\\ntened with all deference to what I had to offer,\\nbut as I concluded and turned to leave him, he\\nsaid Well, some folks say they re the same.\\nThey say one s the he one and t other s the she\\none but I guess they ain t.\\nVerily, thought I, popular science lectures are\\nsometimes a failure. Not long afterward I was\\ntelling the story to a Massachusetts man, a man who\\nhad made a collection of birds eggs in his time.\\nWhy, said he, are n t they the same I\\nalways understood that they were the male and\\nfemale of the same species. That was the com-\\nmon belief where I was brought up.", "height": "4934", "width": "3456", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2*A#\\nfe\\nlI l\\nk c\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0A\\ni ijjjA\\nHK^ rig|\u00c2\u00a7i;.\\nm\\nr\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Wii- ^^M\\n^i\\ny^sS\\n,40 000\\n^^laJBiMP^a\\nipP^M\\n8^^^^^\\nIP\\n1 11\\n\u00c2\u00ab^s\\n***jm -H\\n1P*%^^\\nNIGHTHAWK", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3501", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "NIGHTHAWK AND WHIP-POOR-WILL 61\\nThe confusion of the two birds is widespread\\nin spite of Audubon s testimony that he had sel-\\ndom seen a farmer or even a boy in the United\\nStates who did not know the difference between\\nthem. But, while they resemble each other\\nclosely, they are sufficiently unlike to be classi-\\nfied not only as separate species, but as species\\nof different genera. As for the difference in\\ntheir habits, it is such as any one may see and\\nappreciate. The nighthawk, for all its name, is\\nnot a night bird. It is most active at twilight,\\nin other words, it is crepuscular instead of\\nnocturnal, but is often to be seen flying abroad\\nat midday. The whip-poor-will, on the contrary,\\nis quiet till after dark. Then it starts into full-\\nness of life, singing with the utmost enthusiasm,\\ntill the listener wonders where it can find breath\\nfor such rapid and long-continued efforts. The\\nnighthawk is not a musician. While flying it\\nfrequently utters a single note, of a guttural-\\nnasal quality, almost indistinguishable from the\\nso-called bleat of the woodcock but, in place of\\nsinging, it indulges in a fine aerial tumbling per-\\nformance, much in the manner of the snipe.\\nThis performance I have many times observed\\nin early summer from the Public Garden in Bos-\\nton. I have seen it also in September, though\\nit is doubtless much less common at that season.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "62 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nThe bird rises gradually to a considerable height,\\nand presently drops like a stone almost to the\\nground. At the last moment it arrests itself sud-\\ndenly, and then is heard a very peculiar boom-\\ning noise, whether produced by the wings or\\nby the voice, I will not presume to say.\\nThe most attractive feature of the nighthawk,\\nto my eye, is its beautiful and peculiar flight\\na marvel of ease and grace, and sufficient to dis-\\ntinguish it at a glance from every other New\\nEngland bird. It is a creature of the upper air,\\nnever skimming the ground, so far as I know,\\nand as it passes overhead you may easily see the\\nlarge white patch in the middle of each long\\nwing a beauty spot, by the way, which is\\ncommon to both sexes, and is wanting in the\\nwhip-poor-will.\\nThe whip-poor-will s chief distinction is its\\nsong a song by itself, and familiar to every\\none. Some people call it mournful, and I fear\\nthere are still a few superstitious souls who listen\\nto it with a kind of trembling. I have heard of\\nthe bird s being shot because the inhabitants of a\\nhouse could not bear its doleful and boding cry,\\nas they were pleased to consider it. To my ears\\nit is sweet music. I take many an evening stroll\\non purpose to enjoy it, and am perennially thank-\\nful to Audubon for saying that he found the", "height": "4854", "width": "3099", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "t\\ni i.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0BP^\\n4 /flh\\nHyfefato^\\n*ffi|\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0H\\niKS/ 1BBP\\nJmP\\nHR a .^BhH\\n4 /-v\u00c2\u00b1\\nST ^~L^^^*8ffiSi\\nW f^f\\n^0-\\nr\\n^^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0B\\nBr./ 4^\\nm fflljjM\\n^gSm^m\\nWHIP-POOR-WILL", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3493", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "NIGHTHAWK AND WHIP-POOR-WILL 63\\nwhip-poor-will s cheering voice more interest-\\ning than the song of the nightingale.\\nIt will surprise unscientific readers to be told\\nthat the nearest relatives o\u00c2\u00a3 whip-poor-wills and\\nnighthawks are the swifts and the humming-\\nbirds. As if a chimney swift were more like a\\nwhip-poor-will than like a swallow and, still\\nmore absurd, as if there were any close relation-\\nship between whip-poor-wills and hummingbirds\\nPut a whip-poor-will and a ruby-throated hum-\\nmer side by side and they certainly do look very\\nlittle alike the big whip-poor-will, with its\\nmottled plumage and its short, gaping beak, and\\nthe tiny hummingbird with its burnished feathers\\nand its long needle of a bill. Evidently there\\nis no great reliance to be placed upon outside\\nshow, or what scientific men call external\\ncharacters. We might as well say that the\\nstrawberry vine and the apple-tree were own\\ncousins. Yes, so we might, for the apple-tree\\nand the strawberry vine are cousins at least\\nthey are members of the same great and noble\\nfamily, the family of the roses We shall never\\nget far, in science or in anything else, until we\\nlearn to look below the surface.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "XVI\\nTHE FLICKER\\nThe flicker is the largest of our common\\nAmerican woodpeckers, being somewhat longer\\nand stouter than the robin. It is known, by\\nsight at least, to almost every one who notices\\nbirds at all, and perhaps for this reaspn it has\\nreceived an unusual number of popular names.\\nGolden- winged woodpecker, which is proba-\\nbly the best known of these, comes from the fact\\nthat the bird s wings are yellow on the under\\nside. Harry Wicket, Highhole, because\\nits nest is sometimes pretty far above the ground,\\nYellowhammer, and- Pigeon-woodpecker\\nare also among its more familiar nicknames.\\nUnlike other birds of its family, the flicker\\npasses much of its time on the ground, where\\nit hops awkwardly about, feeding upon insects,\\nespecially upon ants. As you come near it,\\nwhile it is thus engaged, it rises with a peculiar\\npurring sound, and as it flies from you it shows\\na broad white patch on its rump the lower", "height": "4922", "width": "3488", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "FLICKER\\nMale. 2. Feu/ales", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4860", "width": "3477", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "THE FLICKER 65\\nback, above the root of the tail. Every one who\\nhas ever walked much over grassy fields must\\nhave seen the bird and been struck by this con-\\nspicuous light mark. He must have noticed,\\ntoo, the bird s peculiar up-and-down, u jumping\\nmanner of flight, by which it goes swooping\\nacross the country in long undulations or\\nwaves.\\nThe flicker s general color is brown, with spot-\\ntings and streakings of black, and more or less\\nof violet or lilac shading. On the back of its\\nneck it wears a band of bright scarlet, and across\\nits breast is a conspicuous black crescent.\\nIt is fond of old apple orchards, and often\\nmakes its nest in a decaying trunk. In some\\nplaces, near the seashore, especially, where it\\nis commoner than elsewhere in winter, and where\\nlarge trees are scarce, it makes enemies by its\\nhabit of drilling holes in barns and even in\\nchurches. I remember a meeting-house on Cape\\nCod which had a good number of such holes in\\nits front wall or rather it had the scars of\\nsuch holes, for they had been covered with\\npatches of tin. That was a case where going to\\nchurch might be called a bad habit.\\nIn fall and winter, if not at other seasons, the\\nflicker feeds largely upon berries. In years\\nwhen the poison ivy bears a good crop, I am", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "66 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\npretty sure to find two or three flickers all winter\\nlong about a certain farrn, the stone walls of\\nwhich are overrun with this handsome but un-\\nwholesome vine, although it is hard to imagine\\nthat the dry, stony fruit should yield much in\\nthe way of nourishment, even to a woodpecker.\\nAs spring comes on, the flicker becomes\\nnumerous and very noisy. His best known vocal\\neffort is a prolonged hi-hi-hi, very loud and ring-\\ning, and kept up until the listener wonders where\\nthe author of it gets his wind. This, I think, is\\nthe bird s substitute for a song. He has at all\\ntimes a loud, unmusical yawp, a signal, I sup-\\npose, and in the mating season especially he\\nutters a very affectionate, conversational wicker\\nor flicker. Every country boy should be familiar\\nwith these three notes.\\nBut besides being a vocalist, we can hardly\\ncall him a singer, the flicker is a player upon\\ninstruments. He is a great drummer and if\\nany one imagines that woodpeckers do not enjoy\\nthe sound of their own music, he should watch\\na flicker drumming with his long bill on a bat-\\ntered tin pan in the middle of a pasture. Morn-\\ning after morning I have seen one thus engaged,\\ndrumming lustily, and then cocking his head to\\nlisten for an answer; and Paderewski at his\\ndaily practice upon the piano could not have", "height": "4866", "width": "3491", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "THE FLICKER 67\\nlooked more in earnest. At other times the\\nflicker contents himself with a piece of resonant\\nloose bark or a dry limb.\\nOne proof that this drumming which is\\nindulged in by woodpeckers generally is a\\ntrue musical performance, and not a mere drill-\\ning for grubs, is the fact that we never hear it\\nin winter. It begins as the weather grows mild,\\nand is as much a sign of spring as the peeping\\nof the little tree-frogs hylas in the meadow.\\nThe flicker s nest, as I have said, is built in a\\nhole in a tree, often an apple-tree. Very noisy\\nin his natural disposition, he keeps a wise silence\\nwhile near the spot where his mate is sitting, and\\nwill rear a brood under the orchard-owner s nose\\nwithout betraying himself. The young birds\\nare fed from the parent s crop, as young pigeons\\nand young hummingbirds are. The old bird\\nthrusts its bill down the throat of the nestling\\nand gives it a meal of partially digested food by\\nwhat scientific people call a process of regurgita-\\ntion. Farmers boys, who have watched pigeons\\nfeeding their squabs, will know precisely what is\\nmeant.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "xvn\\nTHE BITTERN\\nIt was a great day for me when I first heard\\nthe so-called booming of the bittern. For more\\nthan ten years I had devoted the principal part\\nof my spare hours to the study of birds, but\\nthough I had taken many an evening walk near\\nthe most promising meadows in my neighbor-\\nhood, I could never hear those mysterious pump-\\ning or stake-driving noises of which I had read\\nwith so much interest, especially in the writings\\nof Thoreau.\\nThe truth was, as I have since assured myself,\\nthat this representative of the heron family was\\nnot a resident within the limits of my everyday\\nrambles, none of the meadows thereabout being\\nextensive and secluded enough to suit his whim.\\nThere came a day, however, when with a\\nfriend I made an afternoon excursion to Way-\\nland, Massachusetts, on purpose to form the\\nstake-driver s acquaintance. We walked up the\\nrailway track across the river toward Sudbury,", "height": "4866", "width": "3415", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "THE BITTEEN 69\\nand were hardly seated on the edge of the\\nmeadow, facing the beautiful Nobscot Hill, be-\\nfore my comrade said, Hark There he is\\nYes, that certainly was the very sound an\\nold-fashioned wooden pump at work in the\\nmeadow.\\nWe listened intently for perhaps half a dozen\\ntimes then I proposed going further up the\\ntrack to get the notes at shorter range, and pos-\\nsibly who could tell what unheard-of thing\\nmight happen to obtain a sight of the bird.\\nWe advanced cautiously, though as we were on\\nthe track, six feet or more above the level of the\\nmeadow, there was no chance of concealment,\\nand the bittern went on with his performance.\\nMeanwhile we maintained a sharp lookout, and\\npresently I descried a narrow brown object stand-\\ning upright amidst the grass a stick, perhaps.\\nI lifted my opera-glass and spoke quickly to my\\nfriend I see him\\nWhere he asked and when I lowered\\nmy glass and gave him the bird s bearings as\\nrelated to the remains of an old hayrick not far\\noff, he said, Why, I saw that, but took it for a\\nstick.\\nYes, but see the eye, I answered.\\nWithin half a minute the bird suddenly threw\\nhis head forward and commenced pumping.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "70 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nThis was good luck indeed, that I should\\nsurprise my very first bittern in his famous act,\\na thing which better men than I, after years of\\nfamiliarity with the bird, had never once suc-\\nceeded in accomplishing. Who says that For-\\ntune does not sometimes favor the fresh hand\\nThe fellow repeated the operation three times,\\nand between whiles moved stealthily through\\nthe grass toward the leavings of the haycock\\nbefore mentioned.\\nWhen he reached the hay, we held our breath.\\nWould he actually mount it Yes, that was\\nundoubtedly his intention but he meant to do\\nit in such a way that no mortal eye should see\\nhim. All the time glancing furtively to left and\\nright, as if the grass were full of enemies, he put\\none foot before the other with almost inconceiv-\\nable slowness, as the hour hand turns on the\\nclock s face. It was an admirable display of an\\nart which this race of frog, mouse, and insect\\ncatchers has cultivated for untold generations\\nan art on which its livelihood depends, the art\\nof invisible motion.\\nThere was no resisting the ludicrousness of\\nhis manner. He was in full view, but so long\\nas he kept still he seemed to think himself quite\\nsafe from detection. Like the hand of the clock,\\nhowever, if he was slow he was sure, and in time", "height": "4919", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "THE BITTERN 71\\nhe was fairly out of the grass, standing in plain\\nsight upon his hay platform.\\nOnce in position he fell to pumping in earnest,\\nand kept it up for more than an hour, while two\\nenthusiasts sat upon the railway embankment,\\ntwelve or thirteen rods distant^ with opera-glasses\\nand note-books, scrutinizing his every motion,\\nand felicitating themselves again and again on\\nseeing thus plainly what so few had ever seen at\\nall. What would Thoreau have given for such\\nan opportunity\\nThe stake-driver is at it in his favorite\\nmeadow, he writes in his journal, in 1852. I\\nfollowed the sound, and at last got within two\\nrods, it seeming always to recede, and drawing\\nyou, like a will-o -the-wisp, farther away into the\\nmeadows. When thus near, I heard some lower\\nsounds at the beginning like striking on a stump\\nor a stake, a dry, hard sound, and then followed\\nthe gurgling, pumping notes fit to come from a\\nmeadow.\\nThis was just within the blueberry and other\\nbushes, and when the bird flew up, alarmed, I\\nwent to the place, but could see no water, which\\nmakes me doubt if water is necessary to it in\\nmaking the sound. Perhaps it thrusts its bill so\\ndeep as to reach water where it is dry on the\\nsurface.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "72 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nThis notion that water is employed in the pro-\\nduction of the bittern s notes has been generally\\nentertained. The notes themselves are of a char-\\nacter to suggest such an hypothesis, and at least\\none witness has borne circumstantial testimony\\nto its truth. In Thoreau s essay on the Natu-\\nral History of Massachusetts/ he says\\nOn one occasion, the bird has been seen by\\none of my neighbors to thrust its bill into the\\nwater, and suck up as much as it could hold\\nthen, raising its head, it pumped it out again\\nwith four or five heaves of the neck, throwing it\\ntwo or three feet, and making the sound each\\ntime.\\nSimilar statements have been made as to the\\ncorresponding notes of the European bittern.\\nNone of our systematic writers upon American\\nornithology have ever witnessed the performance,\\nas far as appears, and being too honest to draw\\nupon their imaginations, they have left the matter\\na mystery. Now, on this auspicious May after-\\nnoon, if we learned nothing else, we could at all\\nevents make quite sure whether or not the bittern\\ndid really spout water from his beak.\\nMy readers will have guessed already that our\\nbird, at least, did nothing of the sort. His bill\\nwas never within reach of water. The operation\\nis a queer one, hard to describe.", "height": "4866", "width": "3421", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "THE BITTERN 73\\nThe bittern has been standing motionless, per-\\nhaps in the humpbacked attitude in which the\\nartists, following Audubon s plate, have com-\\nmonly represented him or quite as likely, he\\nhas been making a stick or a soldier of himself,\\nstanding bolt upright at full stretch, his long\\nneck and bill pointed straight at the zenith.\\nSuddenly he lowers his head, and instantly\\nraises it again and throws it forward with a\\nquick, convulsive jerk. This movement is at-\\ntended by an opening and shutting of the bill,\\nwhich in turn is accompanied by a sound which\\nhas been well compared to a violent hiccough.\\nThe hiccough with which, I think, the click of\\nthe big mandibles may sometimes be heard is\\nrepeated a few times, each time a little louder\\nthan before and then succeed the real pumping\\nor stake-driving noises.\\nThese are in sets of three syllables each, of\\nwhich the first syllable is the longest, and some-\\nwhat separated from the others. The accent is\\nstrongly upon the middle syllable, and the whole,\\nas of tenest heard, is an exact reproduction of the\\nsound of a wooden pump, as I have already said,\\nthe voice having that peculiar hollow quality\\nwhich is produced, not by the flow of the water,\\nbut by the suction of the air in the tube when\\nthe pump begins to work.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "74 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nBut the looker-on is likely to be quite as much\\nimpressed by what he sees as by what he hears.\\nDuring the whole performance, but especially\\nduring the latter part of it, the bird is engaged\\nin the most violent contortions, suggestive of\\nnothing but a patient suffering from uncontrol-\\nlable nausea. Moreover, as soon as the prelimi-\\nnary hiccoughs begin, the lower throat or breast\\nis seen to be swelling the dilatation grows\\nlarger and larger till the pumping is well under\\nway, and so far as my companion and I could\\ndetect, does not subside in the least until the\\nnoises have ceased altogether.\\nHow are the unique, outlandish notes pro-\\nduced I cannot profess to know. Our opinion\\nwas that the bird swallowed air into his gullet,\\ngulping it down with each snap of the beak. To\\nall appearance it was necessary for him to inflate\\nthe crop in this way before he could pump, or\\nboom. As to how much of the grand booming\\nwas connected with the swallowing of the air,\\nand how much, if any, with the expulsion of it,\\nmy friend and I did not agree, and of course\\nneither of us could do more than guess.\\nI made some experiments afterwards, by way\\nof imitating the noises and these experiments,\\ntogether with the fact that the grand booming\\nseemed to be really nothing more than a develop-", "height": "4916", "width": "3420", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "THE BITTERN 75\\nment o\u00c2\u00a3 the preliminary hiccoughs, and the fur-\\nther fact that the swelling of the breast did not\\ngo down gradually during the course of the per-\\nformance, but suddenly at the close, all these\\nincline me to believe that the notes are mainly if\\nnot entirely caused by the inhalation or swallow-\\ning of the air and I am somewhat strengthened\\nin this opinion by perceiving that when a man\\ntakes air into his stomach the act is attended by\\na sound not altogether unlike the bittern s note\\nin quality, while the expulsion of it gives rise to\\nnoises of an entirely dissimilar character.\\nThat the sounds in question were not made\\nentirely by any ordinary action of the vocal or-\\ngans was the decided opinion of both my friend\\nand myself.\\nAs I have said, we watched the performance\\nfor more than an hour. We were sitting squarely\\nupon the track, and once were compelled to get\\nup to let a train pass but the bittern evidently\\npaid no attention to matters on the railway, being\\nwell used to thunder in that direction, and stood\\nhis ground without wincing.\\nWhen he had pumped long enough, and the\\noperation surely looked like pretty hard work,\\nhe suddenly took wing and flew a little distance\\ndown the meadow. The moment he dropped into\\nthe grass he pumped, and on making another", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "76 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nflight he again pumped immediately upon coming\\nto the ground. This trick, which surprised me\\nnot a little in view of the severe exertion required,\\nis perhaps akin to the habit of smaller birds, who\\nin seasons of excitement will very often break\\ninto song at the moment of striking a perch.\\nAs we came down the track on our way back\\nto the station, three bitterns were in the air at\\nonce, while a fourth was booming on the opposite\\nside of the road. One of the flying birds per-\\nsistently dangled his legs instead of drawing\\nthem up in the usual fashion and letting the feet\\nstick out behind, parallel with the tail. Probably\\nhe was showing off, as is the custom of many\\nbirds during the season of mating.\\nOur bird across the road, by the bye, was not\\npumping, but driving a stake. The middle sylla-\\nble was truly a mighty whack with a mallet on\\nthe head of a post, so that I could easily enough\\ncredit Mr. Samuels s statement that he once fol-\\nlowed the sound for half a mile, expecting to\\nfind a farmer setting a fence.\\nIn the midst of the hurly-burly we saw a boy\\ncoming toward us on the track.\\nLet s ask him about it, said my companion.\\nSo, with an air of inquisitive ignorance, he\\nstopped the fellow, and inquired, Do you know\\nwhat it is we hear making that curious noise off\\nthere in the meadow", "height": "4866", "width": "3445", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "THE BITTERN 77\\nThe boy evidently took us for a pair of igno-\\nramuses from the city.\\nI guess it s a frog/ he answered. But when\\nthe sounds were repeated he shook his head and\\nconfessed honestly that he didn t know what\\nmade them.\\nIt was too bad, I thought, that he did not\\nstick to his frog theory. It would have made so\\nmuch better a story! He appeared to feel no\\ncuriosity about the matter, and we allowed him\\nto pass on unenlightened.\\nNot all Wayland people are thus poorly in-\\nformed, however, and we shortly learned, to our\\nconsiderable satisfaction, that they have a most\\nfelicitous local name for the bird. They call\\nhim plum-pudd n which is exactly what he\\nhimself says, only that his u is in both words\\nsomewhat long, like the vowel in full. To\\nget the true effect of the words they should be\\nspoken with the lips nearly closed, and in a deep\\nvoice.\\nA few days after this excursion I found a bit-\\ntern in a large wet meadow somewhat nearer\\nhome. At the nearest he was a long way off,\\nand as I went farther and farther away from\\nhim, I remarked the very unexpected fact that\\nthe last syllable to be lost was not the second,\\nwhich bears so sharp an accent, but the long", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "78 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nfirst syllable. It seemed contrary to reason, but\\nsuch was unquestionably the truth, and later\\nexperiments confirmed it,\\nThis was in the spring of 1888. In May of\\nthe next year, if all went well, we would see the\\nshow again. So we said to each other but a\\nveteran ornithologist remarked that we should\\nprobably be a good many years older before we\\nhad another such piece of good fortune.\\nIt is a fact familiar to all naturalists, however,\\nthat when you have once found a new plant, or\\na new bird, or a new nest, the experience is\\nlikely to be soon repeated. You may have sp^nt\\na dozen years in a vain search, but now, for\\nsome reason, the difficult has all at once become\\neasy, and almost before you can believe your\\neyes the rarity has grown to be a drug in the\\nmarket. Something like this proved to be true\\nof the bittern s boom.\\nOn the afternoon of the 2d of May, 1889, I\\nwent to one of my favorite resorts, a large cat-\\ntail swamp surrounded by woods. My particu-\\nlar errand was to see whether the least bittern\\nhad arrived, a much smaller, and in this part\\nof the country, at least, a much less common\\nbird than his relative of whose vocal accomplish-\\nments I am here treating.\\nI threw myself down upon the cliff overhang-", "height": "4866", "width": "3416", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "THE BITTERN 79\\ning the edge of the swamp, to listen for the\\ndesired coo-coo-coo~coo, and had barely made my-\\nself comfortable when I heard the plum-pudd V\\nof the bittern himself, proceeding, as it seemed,\\nfrom the reeds directly at my feet. Further lis-\\ntening satisfied me that the fellow was not far\\nfrom the end of a rocky peninsula which juts\\ninto the swamp just at this point.\\nI slipped down the cliff as quietly as possible,\\npicked my way across the narrow neck leading to\\nthe main peninsula, and by keeping behind rocks\\nand trees managed to reach the very tip without\\ndisturbing the bird. Here I posted myself among\\nthe thick trees, and awaited a repetition of the\\nboom. It was not long in coming, and plainly\\nproceeded from a bunch of flags just across a\\nlittle stretch of clear water.\\nI looked and looked, while the bittern con-\\ntinued to pump at rather protracted intervals\\nbut I could see nothing whatever, till presto\\nthere the creature stood in plain sight.\\nWhether he had moved into view, or had all\\nthe time been visible, I cannot tell. He soon\\npumped again, and then again, for perhaps six\\ntimes. Then he stalked away out of sight, and\\nI heard nothing more. He was much nearer\\nthan last year s bird had been, but was still a\\npumper, not a stake-driver, and his action was in\\nall respects the same as I had before witnessed.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "80 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nThere had been no bittern in this swamp the\\nseason previous, nor did any breed here this\\nsummer. I visited the place too often for him\\nto have escaped my notice, had he been present.\\nThis bird, then, was a migrant, and his booming\\nwas of interest as showing that the bittern, like\\nthe song-birds, does not wait to get into summer\\nquarters before beginning to rehearse his love\\nmusic.\\nTwo days after this my companion of the year\\nbefore went with me again to Wayland, and, not\\nto prolong a long story, we sat again upon the\\nrailway and watched a bittern pump for more\\nthan an hour. This time, to be sure, he was\\npartially concealed by the grass, besides being\\nfarther away than we could have wished.\\nIt was curious, and illustrated strikingly the\\nutility of the bird s habit of standing motionless,\\nthat my friend, who is certainly as sharp-eyed an\\nobserver as I have ever known, was once more\\ncompletely taken in. As luck would have it, I\\ncaught sight of the bird first, and when I pointed\\nhim out to the other man he replied, Why, of\\ncourse I saw that, but it never occurred to me\\nbut that it was a stake.\\nWe returned from this excursion fairly well\\nconvinced that in the early part of the season,\\nwhile the grass is still short, one may hope to", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "THE BITTERN 81\\nsee a bittern pump almost any day, if he will go\\nto a suitable meadow which has a railroad run-\\nning through it. The track answers a double\\npurpose it gives the observer an outlook, such\\nas cannot be obtained from a boat, and further-\\nmore, the birds are quite unsuspicious of things\\non the track, while the presence of a man in the\\ngrass or on the river would almost inevitably\\nattract their attention.", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "xvm\\nBIRDS FOR EVERYBODY\\nSome birds belong exclusively to specialists.\\nThey are so rare, or their manner of life is so\\nseclusive, that people in general can never be\\nexpected to know them except from books. The\\nlatest list of the birds of Massachusetts includes\\nabout three hundred and fifty species and sub-\\nspecies. Of these, seventy-five or more are so\\nforeign to this part of the country as to have ap-\\npeared here only by accident, while many others\\nare so excessively rare that no individual observer\\ncan count upon seeing them, however close a\\nlookout he may keep. Other species are present\\nin goodly numbers, but only in certain portions\\nof the State and still others, though generally\\ndistributed and fairly numerous, live habitually\\nin almost impenetrable swamps or in deep forests,\\nand of necessity are seen only by those who make\\nit their business to look for them.\\nIt is something for which busy men and women\\nmay well be thankful, therefore, that so many of", "height": "4866", "width": "3421", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "BIRDS FOR EVERYBODY 83\\nthe most pleasing, or otherwise interesting, of all\\nour birds are among those which may be called\\nbirds for everybody. Such are the robin, the\\nbluebird, the Baltimore oriole, or golden robin,\\nthe blue jay, the crow, and the chickadee. Of\\nall these we may say that they are common they\\ncome in every one s way, and, what is still more\\nto the point, they cannot be mistaken [for any-\\nthing else. Others are equally common, and are\\neasily enough seen, but their identity is not so\\nmuch a matter of course.\\nThe song sparrow, for example, is abundant in\\nMassachusetts from the middle of March to the\\nend of October. Outside of the forest it is almost\\nubiquitous it sings beautifully and with the\\nutmost freedom it ought, one would say, to be\\nuniversally known. But it is a sparrow, not the\\nsparrow. In other words, it is only one of many,\\nand so, common as it is, and freely as it sings (it\\nis to be heard in every garden and by every road-\\nside in the latter half of March, when few other\\nbirds are in tune), it passes unrecognized by the\\ngenerality of people. They read in books of song\\nsparrows, chipping sparrows, field sparrows, tree\\nsparrows, swamp sparrows, vesper sparrows, white-\\nthroated sparrows, fox sparrows, yellow-winged\\nsparrows, savanna sparrows, and the like, and\\nwhen they see any little mottled brown bird,", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "84 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nthey say, Oh, it s a sparrow/ and seek to know\\nnothing more.\\nThe family of warblers among the loveliest\\nof all birds are in a still worse case, and much\\nthe same may be said of swallows and blackbirds,\\nthrushes and vireos. The number of species and\\ntheir perplexing similarity, which are such an at-\\ntraction to the student, prove an effectual bar to\\nthose who have time and money for newspapers\\nand novels, but can spare neither for a manual\\nof local ornithology.\\nI have named six birds which every one knows,\\nor may know, but of course I do not mean that\\nthese are all. Why should not everybody know\\nthe goldfinch a small, stout-billed, bright yel-\\nlow, canary-like bird, with black wings and tail\\nand a black cap And the flicker or golden-\\nwinged woodpecker a little larger than the\\nrobin, with gold-lined wings, a black crescent on\\nthe breast, a red patch on the back of the head,\\nand a white rump, conspicuous as the bird takes\\nwing The hummingbird, too our only one\\nI should say that everybody ought to recognize\\nit, only that I have found some who confuse\\nit with sphinx moths, and will hardly believe\\nme when I tell them of their mistake. The\\ncedar-bird, likewise, known also as the cherry-\\nbird and the waxwing, is a bird by itself re-", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "BIRDS FOR EVERYBODY 85\\nmarkably trim and sleek, its upper parts of a\\npeculiarly warm cinnamon brown, its lower parts\\nyellowish, its tail tipped handsomely with yellow,\\nits head marked with black and adorned with a\\ntruly magnificent top-knot as great a lover o\u00c2\u00a3\\ncherries as any schoolboy, and one of the first\\nbirds upon which the youthful taxidermist tries\\nhis hand. Just now in early March the\\nwaxwings are hereabout in great flocks (I saw\\nmore than a hundred, surely, three days ago),\\nstuffing themselves, literally, with savin berries.\\nThese large flocks will after a while disappear,\\nand some time later, in May, smaller companies\\nwill arrive from the South and settle with us for\\nthe summer, helping themselves to our cherries\\nin return for the swarms of insects of whose pre-\\nsence they have relieved us. If we see them thus\\nengaged, we shall do well to remember the Scrip-\\nture text, The laborer is worthy of his hire.\\nThis enumeration of birds, so strongly marked\\nthat even a wayfaring man may easily name them,\\nmight be extended indefinitely. It would be a\\nstrange Massachusetts boy who did not know the\\nruffed grouse (though he would probably call\\nhim the partridge) and the Bob White the king-\\nbird, with his black and white plumage, his aerial\\ntumblings, and his dashing pursuit of the crow\\nthe splendid scarlet tanager, fiery red, with black", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "86 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\ntail and wings; the bobolink; the red-winged\\nblackbird, whose watery co?ikaree is so welcome\\na sound about the meadows in March the slate-\\ncolored snowbird the indigo-bird, small, deep blue\\nthroughout, and with a thick bill the butcher-\\nbird, a constant though not numerous winter vis-\\nitor, sometimes flying against windows in which\\ncanaries are hung, as one did at our house only\\nthis winter these surely may be known by any\\nwho will take even slight pains to form their\\nacquaintance. And, beside these, there are two\\nbirds whom everybody does know, but whom I\\nforgot to include with the six first mentioned,\\nthe catbird and the brown thrasher, two over-\\ngrown, long-tailed wrens, near relatives of the\\nmockingbird, both of them great singers in their\\nway, and one of them the catbird decidedly\\nfamiliar and a fairly good mimic.", "height": "4866", "width": "3423", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "XIX\\nWINTER PENSIONERS\\nOur northern winter is a lean time, ornitho-\\nlogically, though it brings us some choice birds\\nof its own, and is not without many alleviations.\\nWhen the redpolls come in crowds and the white-\\nwinged crossbills in good numbers, both of which\\nthings happened last year, the world is not half\\nso bad with us as it might be. Still, winter is\\nwinter, a season to be tided over rather than\\ndoted upon, and anything which helps to make\\nthe time pass agreeably is matter for thankful-\\nness. So I am asked to write something about\\nthe habit we are in at our house of feeding birds\\nin cold weather, and thus keeping them under\\nthe windows. Really we have done nothing\\npeculiar, nor has our success been beyond that of\\nmany of our neighbors but such as it is, the\\nwork has given us much enjoyment, and the\\nreaders of Bird-Lore are welcome to the story.\\nOur method is to put out pieces of raw suet,\\nmostly the trimmings of beefsteak. These we", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "88 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nattach to branches of trees and to the veranda\\ntrellis, taking pains, of course, to have them\\nbeyond the cat s reach (that the birds may feed\\nsafely), and at the same time well disposed for\\nour own convenience as spectators. For myself,\\nin addition, I generally nail pieces of the bait\\nupon one or two of the outer sills of my study\\nwindows. I like, as I sit reading or writing, to\\nhear now and then a nuthatch or a chickadee\\nhammering just outside the pane. Often I rise\\nto have a look at the visitor. There is nothing\\nbut the glass between us, and I can stand near\\nenough to see his beady eyes, and, sq to speak,\\nthe expression of his face. Sometimes two birds\\nare there at once, one waiting for the other.\\nSometimes they have a bit of a set-to. Then,\\ncertainly, they are not without facial expression.\\nOnce in a while, in severe weather, I have\\nsprinkled crumbs (sweet or fatty crumbs are best\\nsay bits of doughnut) on the inside ledge, and\\nthen, with the window raised a few inches, have\\nawaited callers. If the weather is bad enough\\nthey are not long in coming. A chickadee\\nalights on the outer sill, notices the open win-\\ndow, scolds a little (the thing looks like a trap\\nat all events it is something new, and birds are\\nconservative), catches sight of the crumbs (well,\\nnow, that s another story), ceases his dee, dee,\\ndee, and the next minute hops inside.", "height": "4927", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "A DOWNY WOODPECKER\\nA BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "WINTER PENSIONERS 89\\nThe crumbs prove to be appetizing, and by\\nthe time he has swallowed a few of them he\\nseems to forget how he came in, and instead of\\nbacking out, as a reasonable being like a chick-\\nadee might be expected to do, he flies to another\\nlight of the bay window. Then, lest he should\\ninjure himself, I must get up and catch him and\\nshow him to the door. By the time I have done\\nthis two or three times within half an hour, I\\nbegin to find it an interruption to other work,\\nand put down the window. White-breasted nut-\\nhatches and downies come often to the outer sill,\\nbut only the chickadees ever venture inside.\\nThese three are our daily pensioners. If they\\nare all in the tree together, as they very often\\nare, they take precedence at the larder according\\nto their size. No nuthatch presumes to hurry\\na woodpecker, and no chickadee ever thinks of\\ndisturbing a nuthatch. He may fret audibly,\\ncalling the other fellow greedy, for aught I know,\\nand asking him if he wants the earth but he\\nmaintains a respectful distance. Birds, like wild\\nthings in general, have a natural reverence for\\nsize and weight.\\nThe chickadees are much the most numerous\\nwith us, but taking the year together, the wood-\\npeckers are the most constant. My notes record\\nthem as present in the middle of October, 1899,", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "90 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nand now, in the middle of October, 1900, they\\nare still in daily attendance. Perhaps there were\\na few weeks of midsummer when they stayed\\naway, but I think not. One pair built a nest\\nsomewhere in the neighborhood and depended\\non us largely for supplies, much to their con-\\nvenience and our pleasure. As soon as the red-\\ncapped young ones were able to fly, the parents\\nbrought them to the tree and fed them with the\\nsuet (it was a wonder how much of it they could\\neat), till they were old enough to help them-\\nselves. And they act, old and young alike, as if\\nthey owned the place. If a grocer s wagon hap-\\npens to stop under the tree they wax indignant,\\nand remain so till it drives away. Even the\\nblack cat, Satan, has come to acknowledge their\\nrights in the case, and no longer so much as\\nthinks of them as possible game.\\nI have spoken, I see, as if these three species\\nwere all but, not to mention the blue jays,\\nwhose continual visits are rather ineffectively\\nfrowned upon (they carry off too much at once),\\nwe had last winter, for all the latter half of it, a\\npair of red-bellied nuthatches. They dined with\\nus daily (pretty creatures they are), and stayed so\\nlate in the spring that I began to hope the handy\\nfood-supply would induce them to tarry for the\\nsummer. They were mates, I think. At any", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "WINTER PENSIONERS 91\\nrate, they preferred to eat from the same bit of\\nfat, one on each side, in great contrast with all\\nthe rest of our company. Frequently, too, a\\nbrown creeper would be seen hitching up the\\ntrunk or over the larger limbs. He likes plea-\\nsant society, though he has little to say, and\\nperhaps found scraps of suet in the crevices of\\nthe bark, where the chickadees, who are given\\nto this kind of providence, may have packed it\\nin store. Somewhat less frequently a goldcrest\\nwould come with the others, fluttering amid the\\nbranches like a sprite. One bird draws another,\\nespecially in hard times. And so it happened\\nthat our tree, or rather trees, an elm and a\\nmaple, were something like an aviary the\\nwhole winter through. It was worth moye than\\nall the trouble which the experiment cost us to\\nlie in bed before sunrise, with the mercury below\\nzero, and hear a chickadee just outside singing\\nas sweetly as any thrush could sing in June. If\\nhe had been trying to thank us, he could not\\nhave done it more gracefully.\\nThe worse the weather, the better we enjoyed\\nthe birds society; and the better, in general,\\nthey seemed to appreciate our efforts on their\\nbehalf. It was noticeable, however, that chicka-\\ndees were with us comparatively little during\\nhigh, cold winds. On the 18th of February, for", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "92 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nexample, we had a blizzard, with driving snow,\\nthe most inclement day of the winter. At seven\\no clock, when I looked out, four downy wood-\\npeckers were in the elm, all trying their best to\\neat, though the branches shook till it was hard\\nwork to hold on. They stayed much of the\\nforenoon. At ten o clock, when the storm\\nshowed signs of abating, though it was still wild\\nenough, a chickadee made his appearance and\\nwhistled Phoebe again and again a long\\ntime, my note says in his cheeriest manner.\\nWho can help loving a bird so courageous, so\\nfrolic, stout, and self-possest Emerson k did\\nwell to call him a scrap of valor. Yet I find\\nfrom a later note that there were nothing like\\nthe usual number of chickadees so long as the\\nfury lasted. Doubtless most of them stayed\\namong the evergreens. It is an old saying of\\nthe chickadee s, frequently quoted, Be bold,\\nbe bold, but not too bold. On the same day I\\nsaw a member of the household snowballing an\\nEnglish sparrow away from one branch, while\\na downy woodpecker continued to feed upon the\\nnext one. The woodpecker had got the right\\nidea of things. Honest folk need not fear the\\nconstable.", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "XX\\nWATCHING THE PROCESSION\\nIt begins to go by my door about the first of\\nMarch, and is three full months in passing. The\\nparticipants are all in uniform, each after his\\nkind, some in the brightest of colors, some in\\nQuakerish grays and browns. They seem not to\\nstand very strictly upon the order of their com-\\ning red-coats and blue-coats travel side by side.\\nLike the flowers, they have a calendar of their\\nown, and in their own way are punctual, but\\ntheir movements are not to be predicted with\\nanything like mathematical nicety. Of some\\ncompanies of them I am never certain which will\\nprecede the other, just as I can never tell\\nwhether, in a particular season, the anemone or\\nthe five-finger will come first into bloom. They\\nneed no bands of music, no drum-corps nor fif ers.\\nThe whole procession, indeed, is itself a band of\\nmusic, a grand army of singers and players on\\ninstruments. They sing many tunes each uni-\\nform has a tune of its own, but, unlike what", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "94 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nhappens in military and masonic parades, there\\nis never any jangling, no matter how near to-\\ngether the different bands may be marching.\\nAs I said, the pageant lasts for three months.\\nIt is fortunate for me, perhaps, that it lasts no\\nlonger for the truth is, I have grown so fond\\nof watching it that I find it hard to attend to\\nmy daily work so long as the show continues.\\nIf I go inside for half a day, to read or to write,\\nI am all the time thinking of what is going on\\noutside. Who knows what I may be missing at\\nthis very minute I keep by me a prospectus\\nof the festival, a list of all who are expected to\\ntake part in it, and, like most watchers of such\\nparades, I have my personal favorites for whom\\nI am always on the lookout. One thing troubles\\nme there is never a year that I do not miss a\\ngood many (a had many, I feel like saying) of\\nthose whose names appear in the announcements.\\nSome of them, indeed, I have never seen. If\\nthey are really in the ranks, it must be that their\\nnumbers are very small; for the printed pro-\\ngramme tells exactly how they will be dressed,\\nand I am sure I should recognize them if they\\ncame within sight. Some of them, I fancy, do\\nnot keep their engagements.\\nI spoke, to begin with, of their passing my\\ndoor. But I spoke figuratively. Some, it is", "height": "4866", "width": "3421", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "WATCHING THE PROCESSION 95\\ntrue, do pass my door, and even tarry for a day\\nor two under my windows, but to see others I\\nhave to go into the woods. Some I find only in\\ndeep, almost impenetrable swamps, dodging in\\nand out among thick bushes and cat-tails. A\\ngood many follow the coast. I watch them run-\\nning along the sea-beach on the edge of the surf,\\nor walking sedately over muddy flats where I\\nneed rubber boots in which to follow them.\\nSome are silent during the day, but as darkness\\ncomes on indulge in music and queer aerial\\ndancing.\\nMany travel altogether by night, resting and\\nfeeding in the daytime. It is pleasant to stand\\nout of doors in the evening, and hear them call-\\ning to each other overhead as they hasten north-\\nward for at this time of the year, I have forgot-\\nten to say, they are always traveling in a northerly\\ndirection.\\nThe procession, as such, has no definite ter-\\nminus. It breaks up gradually by the dropping\\nout of its members here and there. Each of\\nthem knows pretty well where he is going. This\\none, who came perhaps from Cuba, means to stop\\nin Massachusetts; that one, after a winter in\\nCentral America, has in view a certain swamp or\\nmeadow, or, it may be, some mountain-top, in\\nNew Hampshire another will not be at home till", "height": "4767", "width": "3308", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "96 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nhe reaches the furthermost coast of Labrador or\\nthe banks of the Saskatchewan. The prospectus\\nof which I spoke, and of which every reader\\nought to have a copy, tells, in a general way,\\nwhither each company is bound, but the members\\nof the same company often scatter themselves\\nover several degrees of latitude.\\nSome of the companies move compactly, and\\nare only two or three days, more or less, in pass-\\ning a given point. You must be in the woods,\\nfor example, on the 12th or 13th of May, or you\\nwill miss them altogether. Others straggle along\\nfor a whole month. You begin to think, perhaps,\\nthat they mean to stay with you all summer, but\\nsome morning you wake up to the fact that the\\nlast one has gone.\\nIt is curious how few people see this army of\\ntravelers. They pass by thousands and hundreds\\nof thousands. More than a hundred different\\ncompanies go through every town in Massa-\\nchusetts between March 1 and June 1. They\\ndress gayly not a few of them seem to have\\nborrowed Joseph s coat and are full of music,\\nyet somehow their advent excites little remark.\\nPerhaps it is because, for the most part, they flit\\nfrom bush to bush and from tree to tree, here\\none and there one. If some year they should\\nform in line, and move in close order along the", "height": "4919", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "WATCHING THE PROCESSION 97\\npublic streets, what a stir they would excite For\\na day or two the newspapers would be full of\\nthe sensation, and possibly the baseball reporters\\nwould be compelled for once to shorten their ac-\\ncounts of Battum s wonderful left-hand catch\\nand Ketchum s phenomenal slide to the second\\nbase. It is just as well, I dare say, that nothing\\noi this kind should ever happen, for it is hard to\\nsee how the great reading public could bear even\\nthe temporary loss of such interesting and instruc-\\ntive narratives.\\nMeantime, though the greater part of the peo-\\nple pay no heed to these birds of passage,\\nsome of us are never tired of watching them. I\\nmyself used to be fond of gazing at military and\\npolitical parades. In my time I have seen a good\\nmany real soldiers and a good many make-believes.\\nBut as age comes on, I find myself, rightly or\\nwrongly, caring less and less for such spectacles.\\nIt will never be so, I think, with the procession\\nof which I am now writing. I have never watched\\nit with more enthusiasm than this very year. It\\nis only just over, but I am already beginning\\nto count upon its autumnal return, and by the\\nmiddle of August shall be looking every day for\\nits advance couriers.\\nTill then I shall please myself with observing\\nthe ways of such of the host as have happened\\n6", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "98 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nto drop out of the procession in my immediate\\nneighborhood. One of them I can hear singing\\nat this very moment. He and his wife spent the\\nwinter in Mexico, as well as I can determine, and\\nhave been back with us since the 11th of May.\\nThey have pitched their tent for the summer in\\nthe top of a tall elm directly in front of my door,\\nand just now are much occupied with household\\ncares. The little husband Vireo gilvus he is\\ncalled in the official programme, but I have heard\\nhim spoken of, not inappropriately, as the war-\\nbling vireo) takes upon himself his full share of\\nthe family drudgery, and it is very pretty indeed\\nto see him sitting in the tent and singing at his\\nwork. He sets us all, as I think, an excellent\\nexample.", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "XXI\\nSOUTHWARD BOUND\\nWhile walking through a piece of pine wood,\\nthree or four days ago, I was delighted to put\\nmy eye unexpectedly upon a hummingbird s nest.\\nThe fairy structure was placed squarely upon the\\nupper surface of a naked, horizontal branch, and\\nlooked so fresh, trimmed outwardly with bits of\\ngray lichen, that I felt sure it must have been\\nbuilt this year. But where now were the birds\\nthat built it, and the nestlings that were hatched\\nin it Who could tell In imagination I saw the\\nmother sitting upon the tiny, snow-white eggs,\\nand then upon the two little ones little ones,\\nindeed, no bigger than bumble-bees at first. I\\nsaw her feeding them day by day, as they grew\\nlarger and larger, till at last the cradle was get-\\nting too narrow for them, and they were ready to\\nmake a trial of their wings. But where were they\\nnow Not here, certainly. For a fortnight I had\\nbeen passing down this path almost daily, and\\nnot once had I seen a hummingbird.\\nLofC.", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "100 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nNo, they are not here, and even as I write I\\nseem to see the little family on their way to the\\nfar south. They are making the journey by easy\\nstages, I hope flitting from flower-bed to flower-\\nbed, now in Connecticut, now in New Jersey, and\\nso on through Pennsylvania and the Southern\\nStates. Will they cross the water to the West\\nIndies, as some of their kind are said to do or,\\nless adventurous, will they keep straight on to\\nsome mountain-side in Costa Rica, or even in\\nBrazil I should be sorry to believe that the\\nparent birds took their departure first, leaving\\nthe twin children to find their way after them as\\nbest they could as those who have paid ipost\\nattention to such matters assure us that many of\\nour birds are in the habit of doing. But how-\\never they go, and wherever they end their long\\njourney, may wind and weather be favorable, and\\nold and young alike return, after the winter is\\nover, to build other nests here in their native\\nNew England.\\nThis passing of birds back and forth, a grand\\nsemi-annual tide, is to me a thing of wonder. I\\nthink of the millions of sandpipers and plovers\\nwhich for two months (it is now late in Septem-\\nber) have been pouring southward along the sea-\\ncoast. Some of them passed here on their way\\nnorth no longer ago than the last days of May.", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "SOUTHWARD BOUND 101\\nThey went far up toward the Arctic circle, but\\nbefore the end of July they were back again,\\nhastening to the equator. The golden plover,\\nwe are told, travels from Greenland to Pata-\\ngonia.\\nAll summer the golden warblers were singing\\nwithin sound of my windows. As I walked I saw\\nthem flitting in and out of the roadside bushes,\\nbeautiful and delicate creatures. But before the\\nfirst of September the last of them disappeared.\\nI did not see them depart. They took wing in\\nthe night, and almost before I suspected it they\\nwere gone. They will winter in Central or South\\nAmerica, and, within a week of May-day, we shall\\nhave them here again, as much at home as if they\\nhad never left us.\\nThey were gone before the first of September,\\nI said. But I was thinking of those which had\\nsummered in Massachusetts. In point of fact, I\\nsaw a golden warbler only ten days ago. He was\\nwith a mixed flock of travelers, and, in all like-\\nlihood, had come from the extreme north for\\nthis dainty, blue-eyed warbler is common in sum-\\nmer, not only throughout the greater part of the\\nUnited States, but on the very shores of the Arc-\\ntic Ocean. So he voyages back and forth, living\\nhis life from land to land, as Tennyson says, led\\nby who knows what impulse", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "102 EVERYDAY BIRDS\\nSweet bird, thy bower is ever green,\\nThy sky is ever clear\\nThou hast no sorrow in thy song,\\nNo winter in thy year.\\nIt is worth giving a little time daily to what is\\ncalled ornithology to be able to greet such wan-\\nderers as they come and go. For some days now\\na few Western palm warblers have been paying\\nus a visit, and, though the town has never com-\\nmissioned me to that office, I have taken it upon\\nmyself to do them the honors. They have met\\nme halfway, at least, as the everyday expression\\nis yielding readily to my enticements, and more\\nthan once coming near enough to show me their\\nwhite lower eyelids, so that I might be quite sure\\nof their identity. A little later the Eastern palm\\nwarbler will be due, and I hope to find him equally\\ncomplaisant for I wish to see his lower eyelid,\\nalso, which is yellow instead of white.\\nAt this time of the year, indeed, there is no\\nlack of such interesting and well-dressed stran-\\ngers, no matter where we may go. The woods\\nare alive with them by day, and the air by night.\\nThere are few evenings when you may not hear\\nthem calling overhead as they hasten southward.\\nMen who have watched them through telescopes,\\npointed at the full moon, have calculated their\\nheight at one or two miles. One observer saw", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "SOUTHWARD BOUND 103\\nmore than two hundred cross the moon s disk in\\ntwo hours. The greater part passed so swiftly as\\nto make it impossible to say more than that they\\nwere birds but others, flying at a greater alti-\\ntude, and therefore traversing the field of vision\\nless rapidly, were identified as blackbirds, rails,\\nsnipe, and ducks. Another observer plainly\\nrecognized swallows, warblers, goldfinches, and\\nwoodpeckers.\\nAll over the northern hemisphere to-night, in\\nAmerica, Europe, and Asia, countless multitudes\\nof these wayfarers will be coursing the regions of\\nthe upper air and to-morrow, if we go out with\\nour eyes open, we shall find, here and there, busy\\nlittle flocks of stragglers that have stopped by\\nthe way to rest and feed sparrows, snowbirds,\\nkinglets, nuthatches, chickadees, thrushes, war-\\nblers, wrens, and what not, a few of them singing,\\nand every one of them evidently in love with life,\\nand full of happy expectations.", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4864", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "INDEX\\nBittern\\nAmerican, 68.\\nleast, 78.\\nBlackbird, red-winged, 86.\\nBluebird, 44, 59, 83.\\nBob White, 85.\\nBobolink, 86.\\nButcher-bird, 19, 86.\\nCatbird, 86.\\nCedar-bird, 84.\\nChickadee, 7, 12, 83, 88, 91,\\n92.\\nChimney swift, 56, 63.\\nCreeper, brown, 10, 91.\\nCrossbill, white-winged, 87.\\nCrow, 44, 49, 83.\\nFlicker, 64, 84.\\nGoldfinch, 84.\\nGrosbeak\\ncardinal, 25.\\nrose-breasted, 36, 40.\\nGrouse, 85.\\nHummingbird, ruby-throated, 51,\\n63, 84, 99.\\nIndigo-bird, 86.\\nJay, blue, 43, 83, 90.\\nKingbird, 47, 85.\\nKinglet\\ngolden-crowned, 1, 91.\\nruby-crowned, 1.\\nMigration, 93, 99.\\nMockingbird, 16.\\nNighthawk, 60.\\nNuthatch\\nred-breasted, 90.\\nOriole, Baltimore, 83.\\nPartridge, 85.\\nPlover, golden, 101.\\nPlovers, 100.\\nPurple finch, 36, 37.\\nRedpoll linnet, 87.\\nRobin, 83.\\nSandpipers, 100.\\nShrike\\ngreat northern, 19, 86.\\nloggerhead, 21.\\nSnipe, 61.\\nSnowbird (junco), 36, 59, 86.\\nSparrow\\nchipping, 30, 31.\\nEnglish, 30, 92.", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "106\\nINDEX\\nfield, 30, 32, 36, 37.\\nfox, 36, 37.\\nIpswich, 38.\\nsavanna, 26, 38.\\nsong, 26, 36, 37, 39, 83.\\ntree, 36, 37, 38.\\nvesper, 26, 36, 37, 39.\\nwhite-throated, 36, 37, 38.\\nSwift, chimney, 56, 63.\\nTanager\\nscarlet, 22, 85.\\nsouthern, 25.\\nThrasher, brown, 15, 86.\\nVireo, warbling, 98.\\nVireos, 84.\\nVulture, California, 1, 4.\\nWarbler\\ngolden, 101.\\npalm, 102.\\nWarblers, 84.\\nWax wing, cedar, 84.\\nWhip-poor-will, 60.\\nWoodcock, 61.\\nWoodpecker\\ndowny, 89, 92.\\ngolden- winged, 64, 84.", "height": "4866", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "ElectrotyPed and printed by H. O. Houghton 5r* Co.\\nCambridge, Mass., U. S. A.", "height": "4862", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "May- 7. 1|K 1", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "APR \u00c2\u00a39 1901", "height": "4851", "width": "3353", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4760", "width": "3261", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4949", "width": "3290", "jp2-path": "everydaybirds00torr_0154.jp2"}}