{"1": {"fulltext": ",o", "height": "3022", "width": "1926", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1791", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1791", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "Old\\nOouzatne", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "^Jiana of Jooltiezd", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "OU S,\\noazaiae^\\n^ke Js ife and dSldtory\\nof the\\nc/amoud Gkatedtix\\nof ^t.\\ntance\\nby\\nSometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford\\nVOL. II.\\n%e v HJozk\\n1(^00", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "0^\\nX^^\\n01", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "(oontentd\\nCHAPTER XIII\\nCHENONCEAUX. FROM THE REIGN OF\\nDIANE DE POITIERS TO THE PRESENT\\nDAY\\nPAGE\\nA Day with the Court of Henry II. at Chenonceaux\\nDeath of Henry II. at a Tournament Catherine de\\nMedicis turns out Diana and builds a new Wing on\\nthe Bridge across the Cher Fetes at Chenonceaux\\nafter the Massacre of Amboise Visit of Marie\\nStuart to Francis II. Fetes in 1565 and 1577 The\\nWoman-King The Maids of Honour Louise\\nde Lorraine Her Gentleness and her Grief The\\nVendome Family The Roi des Halles Made-\\nmoiselle d Enghien Madame Dupin and the Ency-\\nclopaedists George Sand M. Wilson Madame\\nPelouze The Credit Foncier 9\\nCHAPTER XIV\\nTWO QUEENS OF FRANCE. MARIE STUART\\nAT THE FRENCH COURT, AND SOME\\nFACTS ABOUT CATHERINE DE MEDICIS\\nLeading Men and Women in the Sixteenth Century\\nChildhood and Youth of Marie Stuart Her Face\\nHer Accomplishments Her Regret at leaving France\\nPoems in her Memory Catherine de Medicis com-\\npared with contemporary Queens The Apolo-\\n1", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "(oontentd\\ngetic School of Historians Her Youth and Mar-\\nriage Relations with Diane de Poitiers Her char-\\nacteristic Methods The Escadron Volant The\\nGuises Details of her Life from the Venetian Am-\\nbassadors Amboise Vassy and St. Bartholemew\\nWalsingham and Coligny Death of Catherine at\\nBlois 29\\nCHAPTER XV\\nAMBOISE: ITS EARLY HISTORY\\nAlaric and Clovis The Chapel of St. Hubert The\\nGreniers de Cesar Stories of Amboise in an old\\nLatin History King Arthur The Counts of Anjou\\nLouis XL The Order of St. Michael The old\\nMystery Plays- Education of Charles VIII. at Am-\\nboise His Death Arms and Armour at Amboise in\\n1499 {note) Reign of Louis XII. The Marechal de\\nGie Rivalry with Georges d Amboise Quarrel with\\nAnne de Bretagne His Integrity and unjust Trial\\nYouth of Frangois d Angouleme (Francis I.) at Am-\\nboise His Mother, Louise de Savoie, and his Sister,\\nMarguerite His Playfellows Their Games News\\nof Marignano The Grave of Leonardo da Vinci\\nFrancis I. and French Art 49\\nCHAPTER XVI\\nTHE CONSPIRACY OF AMBOISE, AND THE\\nREIGN OF FRANCIS II.\\nThe Beginnings of the Reformation Parties in the\\nCourt and in France Catherine de Medicis Mur-\\nder of Antoine Minard Burning of Du Bourg\\nHuguenot Cause championed by the Princes of the\\nBlood Politics and Religion La Renaudie and the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "(oontentd\\nPAGE\\nFirst Assembly at Nantes Conde the Chef Muet\\nExtraordinary Spread of the Movement The\\nCourt leaves Blois for Amboise Preparations of the\\nHuguenots Treachery of the Guises Death of La\\nRenaudie Wholesale Slaughters in the Forest\\nDeath of Chancellor Olivier Horrible Scenes in the\\nCastle The Balcony above the Scaffold Dieu\\nnous soit doux et favorable Power of the Guises\\nTheir Attacks on Conde The Attempted Coup\\nd Etat at Orleans Death of Francis H. Subse-\\nquent History of the Struggle Fouquet at Ambois\\nAbd-el-Kader The Stag s Head and Branches\\nwhich John Evelyn saw Later Restorations\\nChurch of St. Denis .79\\nCHAPTER XVII\\nLA REINE MARGOT. THE REIGN OF\\nCHARLES IX.\\nMadame de Sauves and the Escadron Volant Visit\\nof the Court to Plessis Beauty of Marguerite Her\\nPassion for Henry, Duke of Guise Her Marriage\\nwith Henry of Navarre Jeanne d Albret poisoned by\\nthe perfumed Gloves Murder of Coligny The\\nNight of St. Bartholomew Bedroom of Marguerite\\nThe Harvest of Death Bussy d Amboise Expedi-\\ntion to Flanders Scenes at Huy and Dinan Escape\\nof Anjou from the Louvre La Guerre des Amou-\\nreux The Chateau d Usson Estimate of Margue-\\nrite s Character 105\\nCHAPTER XVIII\\nHISTORY OF THE CHATEAU OF BLOIS TILL\\nTHE DEATH OF LOUIS XII.\\nThe Restorations Description of the Buildings The\\nWing of Francis I. The open Staircase and Carv-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Gontentd\\nPAGE\\nings Times of the old Counts of Blois and Cham-\\npagne Louis d Orleans and Valentine Visconti\\nThe Library Joan of Arc Charles d Orleans the\\nPoet Birth and Education of his Son Louis XIL\\nand Caesar Borgia at Blois Career of Caesar Borgia\\n^Robert de la Marche Visit of Archduke Philip of\\nAustria Anne de Bretagne at Blois Her Death 129\\nCHAPTER XIX\\nTHE DRAMA OF THE SIXTEENTH CEN-\\nTURY AT BLOIS\\nFavourite Home of Claude, Wife of Francis I. Made-\\nleine de France betrothed to James V. Her Page,\\nRonsard The Rise of the Classical School of Poetry\\nFirst French Tragedy Claude Haton The Cab-\\ninet of Catherine de Medicis The Apartments in the\\nWing of Francis I. The Court of Marie Stuart and\\nFrancis II. Sudden Journey to Amboise The Hu-\\nguenots Jeanne d Albret Marguerite de Valois and\\nHenry of Navarre Reign of Henry III. He de-\\nclares himself Head of the Catholic League The\\nFirst Estates at Blois The Mignons The Second\\nEstates at Blois in 1588\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Court in the Chateau\\n^The Murder of Henry, Duke of Guise .161\\nCHAPTER XX\\nLATER HISTORY OF BLOIS\\nMarie de Medicis, Widow of Henry IV., escapes from\\nBlois\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gaston d Orleans and La grande Mademoi-\\nselle \u00e2\u0080\u0094Visit of John Evelyn\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Louis XIV. at Blois\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Effects of History on Arthur Young Chateau de-\\nfaced by the Revolution Barracks in 1871\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Churches\\nand Houses in the Town IQI", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "6,\\nontentd\\nCHAPTER XXI\\nCHAMBORD, THE PARODY OF THE OLD FEU-\\nDAL CASTLES\\nPAGE\\nThe Desolation of its Park Extraordinary Transitional\\nCharacter of its Architecture Enormous Extent of\\nthe Building The Double Staircase The old For-\\ntress changed by Francis into a Hunting-Seat His\\nDistich on the Window Visit of Charles IX. Louis\\nXHL and Mademoiselle de Hautefort Marion de\\nLorme Gaston and his Daughter Performance of\\nMoliere s Pourceaugnac and Bourgeois Gentil-.\\nhomme Stanislas Leczinski Marshal Saxe His\\nLife and Death Damage done by the Revolution\\nPaul Louis Courier s Pamphlets The Folic d Hon-\\nneur of Henry V 203\\nCHAPTER XXH\\nAZAY-LE-RIDEAU, THE PERFECT FRENCH\\nRENAISSANCE CHATEAU.\\nArchitecture of the Building Its Pictures Its Stair-\\ncase The Chateau du Souvenir 225\\nCHAPTER XXHI\\nTOURS AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. THE CAS-\\nTLES OF THE FRONDE\\nThe Chateaux of Cheverny and Beauregard Their Pict-\\nures The Chateaux of Romorantin, Montrichard,\\nMontresor, Montbazon Couzieres Story of Marie\\nde Rohan and the Abbe de Ranee Luynes Cinq\\nMars Richelieu Rochecorbon Marmoutier\\nPlessis-lez-Tours House of Tristan I Hermite The", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "ontentd\\nPAGE\\nTown of Tours Silk Industry in 1546 Receptions of\\nCharles IX. and Henry III. Association of Print-\\ners Meeting of Henry of Navarre and Henry III,\\nat Plessis Fighting with Leaguers at St. Sym-\\nphorien Escape of the young Prince de Joinville\\nEdict of Nantes The Huguenots Revocation of the\\nEdict Visit of John Evelyn Visit of Arthur\\nYoung The Revolution on the Loire War of 1815\\nWar of 1870 Gambetta The Siege Conclu-\\nsion 235\\nAPPENDIX\\nItinerary Lists of MSS., etc., at Tours Lists of Pict-\\nures in France and England A further List of\\nAuthorities Extracts (on French Art and Architect-\\nure) from Sir Frederick Leighton s Speech to the\\nRoyal Academy Students in December 1891 259\\nIndex 295", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Jo ut of QjliuMrationd\\nPhotogravures by Elson Co., Boston\\nPAGE\\nDiana of Poitiers Frontispiece\\nMarie Stuart 34\\nCatherine de Medicis .46\\nFrom a portrait in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, artist u7tknoiv7t.\\nThe Doorway of Chapel at Amboise 54\\nThe Chapel at Amboise 70\\nGeneral View of Amboise, showing the Gallery\\nfrom which the court watched the exe-\\nCUTION OF THE Huguenots 94\\nExterior of Spiral Staircase at Blois, in Wing\\nOF Francis 1 132\\nCentral Pillar of Francis I. Staircase, Blois 140\\nChateau of Blois, Wing of Francis I. 154\\nFireplace in Chateau of Blois 164\\nHall of States-General, Blois 178\\nHenry, Due de Guise 190\\n7", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "8 Joidt of cJlludtzationd\\nThe ChSteau of Chambord\\nThe Lantern, Chateau of Chambord\\nThe Chateau of Azay-le-Rideau\\nMarie de Medicis\\nFrom a portrait in Uffizi Gallery, Florence.\\nMap of the Valley of the Loire\\nPAGE\\n208\\n222\\n228\\n244\\nat etid", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "a\\nenonceauoco", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII\\nCHENONCEAUX (Continued)\\nIn the gossip with which the pages of Brantome are\\nfilled, the Court of Henry II. lives for us in all its\\ndetails. We can see the King showing his stables\\nto the Emperor s ambassador, and parading the\\nyoung nobles of his suite, mon autre haras de ces\\npages que j estime autant que les autres, or taking\\nhim to see the famous greyhounds whose ancestors\\nwere brought to Saint Louis from Tartary, and\\nthose noble white deerhounds which Charles IX.\\nwould recommend as the only breed for a King to\\ntake out hunting we can imagine the day at Court\\nwhich the observant Venetian ambassador de-\\nscribes, such as it might often have been at Chenon-\\nceaux. It is early in the day, but the King, who\\nrose with the sun, has been for some time closeted\\nwith De Guise, Vendome, and the Constable talk-\\ning over afifairs of State in his new-fashioned nar-\\nrow council. After business come devotions, for\\nthe King attends regularly at mass, and after devo-\\ntions, dinner; and now Henry has done with\\nseriousness for the day though counsellors and\\n11", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "12 Old\\nouzaine\\nsecretaries are still at work in the great hall of the\\ncastle and with Saint Andre by his side he rides\\nforth a-hunting in the forest of Amboise. Vieille-\\nville is with them too, talking of affairs at Metz/ or\\nasking for the latest fashions in furniture or food at\\nhis friend s luxurious establishment at Saint Valery;\\nand as the sound of the hunters horns grows fainter\\nin the distance, and the western sun glows on the\\nterraced garden, the walks begin to fill with the\\nladies of the Court, in the costumes Cesare Vecellio\\nhas made familiar small velvet caps with strings\\nof pearls and feathers, wide slashed sleeves and flow-\\ning robes with a long girdle drooping from the\\nwaist.\\nM. Ramus may perhaps be there, disputing with\\nthe King s doctor, Fernel, on a knotty point in\\nmathematics, and little thinking that his cruel end\\nshall come in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, and\\nhis mangled corpse be dragged about the streets of\\nParis by bloodthirsty Aristotelians Jean Daurat\\nhelps the argument with a Greek quotation, and\\nspeaks of the promise of his pupil Ronsard with his\\nfellow-countryman Muret, who shall put much\\nsound learning into Montaigne s head. Amyot,\\n1 See Bertrand de Salignac for the account of the operations\\nof Claude de Lorraine, Due de Guise, at Metz, and for much\\nfurther information see Vieilleville s own Memoires.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "eii\\nenonceaux 13\\ntoo, has left the Dauphin at his studies to have a\\nword with Estienne about some new edition of the\\nclassics, or to tell the others to prepare their pretty\\nspeeches for Diana, who is just strolling across the\\ndrawbridge. This is her first appearance in public,\\nbut she has been up long before the rest and ridden\\nearly through the dewy fields in the cold morning\\nair, then gone to bed again,^ and in a graceful dis-\\nhabille transacted what might come of business, or\\nlistened to the latest sonnet from the poets of the\\nCourt; and now she appears at last, fresh and pro-\\nvokingly attractive, ready to stand comparison with\\nthe fairest ladies about her, and to throw more\\nenergy and life than all the rest into her quiet greet-\\ning of the King as he comes back from hunting.\\nIt is the Queen s turn now. She has felt some-\\nwhat neglected between the invincible Diana and\\nthis new prodigy from Scotland, who has turned\\nthe heads of all the courtiers in France; but the\\nKing and all his gentlemen move gaily towards the\\nrooms of Catherine de Medicis, where, among the\\nfascinating smiles and dances of the famous esca-\\ndron volant, the day is finished unconcernedly, and\\n1 She allowed herself the luxury of a warming-pan, for\\nwhich we have the authority of M. Nestor Roqueplan, in whose\\ncollection that privileged instrument reposes in good com-\\npany, side by side with the warming-pans of Marie Stuart and\\nCatherine de Medicis.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "u did Go\\nuzatne\\nthe long halberds of the archers of the guard begin\\nto glisten in the moonlight as they go their rounds,\\nclad in trunk hose and striped tunics broidered with\\nthe royal cipher. And so Chenonceaux falls into a\\ngraceful slumber. Let Diana sleep sound while she\\ncan, for the awakening is to be rude enough the\\nfirst shock came very unexpectedly.\\nIn 1559, at the fetes in celebration of the mar-\\nriage of Alva and the Princess Elizabeth, the King\\nhad organized a tournament with great magnifi-\\ncence, forgetful of the evil omen with which his\\nreign began, amid similar scenes of ill-considered\\nsplendour. Always a good horseman, Henry in-\\nsisted on a bout with the young Comte de Lorges,\\nson of Montgomery of the Scottish Guard. The\\ntrumpets ceased as they started, Vieilleville tells\\nus, which gave us the first trembling presage of\\nthe ill that was to happen; they met and broke\\ntheir lances, when, as they parted, the King was\\nseen to sway forward in his saddle the splinters of\\nDe Lorges lance had entered his eye beneath the\\nvisor of his helmet. He was carried out fainting,\\nlingered unconscious for four days, and only recov-\\nered to hand over the government formally to\\nCatherine de Medicis, and then die.^\\n1 See the details in Vieilleville of the experiments made (upon\\nthe heads of criminals) by the doctors to try and discover the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "6h\\nenonceaux 15\\nWith the King s death came the favourite s dis-\\ngrace. Diana was turned out of Chenonceaux by\\nthe Regent Catherine, and given Chaumont in ex-\\nchange; but it never consoled her for her double\\ngrief, and she went to Anet for the rest of her life,\\nwhere Goujon s statue might remind her of the\\nroyal love that she had lost.\\nThe distinguishing marks of Catherine s strange\\ncharacter soon became apparent in her life at Che-\\nnonceaux. She had a mania for building, and to\\nher is due the long gallery, raised upon the arches\\nof De I Orme, which is perhaps the least happy of\\nthe additions to the original chateau; she had, too,\\nwith all the bloodthirsty temperament of her race\\nand her antecedents, the true Medici love for fetes\\nand extravagant revels in this western home, that\\nmight have recalled to her the festivals of her child-\\nhood on the Arno.^\\nIt was not long before one of these great fetes\\nbegan. The Court at Amboise had requested a\\nchange of atmosphere, for the consequences of a\\nlong and persistent massacre of heretics are less\\ninjury to the King s eye. Dumas describes the accident in\\nLes Deux Dianes.\\n1 Touraine is a country of strange and varied habitations if\\nthe holes and caverns at Rochecorbon and Saumur suggested\\nTroglodytes, there is in Chenonceaux an equal resemblance to\\nthe lake-dwellings of an earlier age.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "16 did s.\\nouzatne\\npleasant to the well-conducted mind than the en-\\ncouraging spectacle of executions still in progress,\\nso Catherine took advantage of her opportunity and\\nprepared a magnificent reception for the young\\nKing and Queen in her new home.\\nThe Court, as we may suppose, had ridden\\nstraight southwards from St. Denis hors, and into\\nthe main road by the river at La Croix a little\\nfarther on and they were at the turning to their\\nright, which is the beginning of the main drive of\\nthe castle.\\nAt the foot of every tree stood knots of women in\\ntheir holiday attire, wearing great broad-brimmed\\nrustic hats and waving many-coloured ribands,\\nwhile their husbands and brothers with flags flying\\nand drums beating made a brave show upon the\\nlittle hill at the entrance to the park at the end\\nof the long drive before the great court, the royal\\n1 See a very rare little book, Les Triomphes faicts a I entree de\\nFrancoys II. et de Marye Stuart au chasteau de Chenonceaiix le\\nDymanche, Dernier Jour de Mars (o.s.), (which was published\\nat Tours in small 4to, reprinted by Techener in 1857), probably\\nwritten by one Antoine le Plessis-Richelieu, Captain of the\\nKing s Guards at Amboise. Mezeray describing the conspiracy\\nof Amboise says: On donna la commandement des Mousque-\\ntaires a Cheval a Antoine du Plessis Richelieu, Gentilhomme\\nPoitevin, tout avoue a la maison de Guise. He was called\\nle Moine because he had given up Holy Orders for the\\nmilitary profession. His eldest brother, Louis, was ancestor of\\nthe famous Cardinal.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "k\\nenonceaux 17\\npair passed beneath a tall triumphal arch reared on\\nfour pillars wreathed with ivy, and inscribed to\\nthe Divine Francis, with graceful reference to the\\nseditions lately crushed. Farther on, past a great\\ndouble fountain, stood two pyramids with Greek\\ninscriptions, the one referring in a brazen way to\\nthe utility of a good conscience, the other praising\\nthe wakeful habits of Homeric counsellors.^\\nBy now the King was crossing to the higher ter-\\nrace by a bridge, beneath which countless fish were\\nplaying, much to the amusement of the suite, and\\non the terrace was a great tower, built with many\\nholes, with a bright light within that shone through\\nmany-coloured glasses. As he entered the castle\\nan infinity of fuzees, grenades, et petardes went\\nofif in streams of fire, and the delighted company\\nheard at the same time the roar of thirty cannons\\nranged upon the quay, which filled the air with\\nechoes for a long time. The evening was too\\nyoung yet for all the company to go indoors, and\\nthey strolled through the gardens to see the column\\nraised by Primaticcio, on which was placed a\\n1 Nous avons ete contrains, says Guillaume Bourgeat, the\\nprinter of this account at Tours, d imprimer les vers greques\\nen caracteres latins, d autant que n avions nuls caracteres grecs,\\nce que nous aurons de brief, Dieu aidant.\\n2 We can imagine Primaticcio s pleasure at being given the\\npreference over Philibert de TOrme, his rival, after some years\\nof disfavour.\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 2", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "18 did (5.\\nouzaine\\ngreat golden head of Medusa, with parted lips and\\nhair enlaced with snakes, by which was apparently\\nconveyed that the prudence and wisdom of\\nMinerva accompanied the Queen that day. More\\ncolumns rose in every corner, crowned with mo-\\nrions and arms, and bearing graceful references in\\nweak distichs to the grief of the Queen-mother; and\\nall the while more and more fireworks went up and\\nfell hissing into the Cher, so that the very water\\nseemed to burn. Amid the echoes of the last\\ntriumphant burst of welcome on the terrace the\\ncompany moved back past more triumphal arches,\\nand naiads pouring vin clairet from their hospita-\\nble urns, to the entrance gate, where a Pallas, ad-\\nvancing from the balcony above, rained down a\\nshower of flowers and leaves, inscribed with sonnets\\nto the King and Queen. The very trees for many\\nmornings after were vocal with rhyming tablets of\\nmore or less ill-written greeting.\\nIt is pleasant to think that Marie Stuart must have\\nspent some of the happiest months of her troubled\\nlife at Chenonceaux, with the young King, about\\nthis time. All Catherine s fetes had not so fair an\\nexcuse. After a reception given to her son the\\nKing, Charles IX., in 1565, in the same grounds,\\nshe came here again to meet her favourite son, the\\nDue d Anjou, who had gone to Chinon after the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Gfienonceaux 19\\nmarriage of Henry of Navarre and Marguerite, and\\nhere she heard of Henry s victory of Montcontour,\\nand wished to change the castle s name to Bonne\\nNouvelle, without success. In 1577 there was\\nfresh triumph at the Huguenot defeat at Charite-\\nsur-Loire, which had already been celebrated by\\nextravagant orgies at Plessis-lez-Tours; but Cath-\\nerine determined to outshine them all, and the\\npleasant fields of Chenonceaux lent themselves\\nmore readily to festivals than the somewhat som-\\nbre castle of Louis XI, with all its grim associa-\\ntions.\\nThe King appeared dressed as a woman,^ with\\nMaster Love under his arm, no doubt barking at\\nChicot, and with his mignons round him in such\\nenormous rufifs, that their heads, says the chroni-\\ncler, looked like the head of John the Baptist on\\na charger.\\nThe Queen was there with her daughter Mar-\\nguerite, and the gentle Louise de Lorraine, and all\\n1 Si qu au premier abord chacun estoit en peine\\nS il voyoit un roy-femme, ou bien un homme-re3me.\\nSee Pierre de I Estoile, Journal de Henri HI.\\nAnthropologists may have noticed a survival of these ex-\\ntraordinary freaks of costume in the peculiar fondness of the\\nBank Holiday revellers of to-day for an interchange of their\\nmasculine headgear with the more alluring ornaments of their\\nfemale friends.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "20 did\\noutaine\\nthe flying squadron of her maids of honour, with\\nwhat little dress they had in flattering imitation of\\nthe costume which their masculine admirers had\\nsimilarly exchanged for petticoats. Brantome\\ngives the list of all these lively ladies: Mesde-\\nmoiselles de Rohan, de Saint Andre, Davila with\\nstories of the siege of Cyprus, two sisters Gabrielle\\nand Diane d Estrees, Madame de Sauve, of whom\\nwe shall hear more at Blois, and many others.\\nTout y estoit en bel ordre, says I Estoile, so we\\nleave them, with as little scandal as we may, to have\\ntheir revel out.\\nSome ten years afterwards the central figure of\\nthe fete was dead. Catherine had passed away at\\nBlois, and Henry had been murdered. One of the\\nmost unnoticed of the whole throng at the festi-\\nvals of Catherine came back to Chenonceaux and\\nbrought a great change with her. Louise de Lor-\\nraine, of the great house of the Guises, was of very\\ndififerent mould from the wicked little Duchesse de\\nMontpensier, or any of her proud relations a weak,\\npure soul, who spent her life in prayer for her worth-\\nless husband, and stayed where she was, alone\\nwith her grief and without the comfort of children\\nto help her bear its burden. The creditors of Cath-\\nerine de Medicis had carried off all that was porta-\\nble of the work of Bernard Palissy or the sculptures", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "6li\\nenonceaux 21\\nof the Italians/ and the first days of Louise were\\nbusied in arranging her own meubles, bijoux et\\nlivres, of which the catalogue has been preserved\\nby Prince Galitzin. Among the books was a de-\\nscription by M. Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx (printed\\nin 1582) of the appearance of Louise at the mar-\\nriage fetes of the Due de Joyeuse. This quiet, pure\\nwoman, in the midst of a licentious Court, had a\\nbeauty of her own that shrank from the light of\\ncriticism in an outspoken time, and passed easily\\nunnoticed among the rest. It is to the Venetian\\nambassador, as usual, that we must look for a deli-\\ncate appreciation of her character and worth. She\\nis full of a sweet simplicity, says Girolamo Lippo-\\nmano, which nothing disturbs save the presence\\nof her lord the King, upon whom her eyes are\\nalways fixed. Her face is pale and somewhat thin,\\nbut she has brilliant eyes and light hair over a pure\\nbrow and slight features.\\nAt Chenonceaux she stayed for eleven years,\\nvainly demanding justice from Henry IV.; but the\\nKing could not do much; he had but little income\\neither, to bestow on her; but it was not much she\\nspent upon herself. One day when she was Queen,\\nshe had only a hundred crowns in the world, and\\n1 See Les Archives de Chenonceaux, published by M. I Abbe\\nChevalier, from the original MSS.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "22 did\\noutaine\\ngave them all to a messenger who brought good\\ntidings; and now her small income served her to\\ncontinue her charity to the famiHes of the poor on\\nthe estate. A monument of her care for poor pris-\\noners still survives in her benefactions to several\\nParis prisons.\\nDuring the war she writes to the King, who some-\\ntimes came to visit her himself, that the Sieur de\\nRosny was trampling over all her ground with his\\nhorses, to the great detriment of the good people\\nof the country, que je vous prie vous souvenir,\\nMonsieur, qu ils me sont vassaulz et tenus pour moi\\ncomme enfants tres afifectionez.\\nSo, between weeping and caring for her tenants,\\nher sad life wears to its end. Visitors come to her\\noccasionally Marguerite de Valois, or the King\\nwith Gabrielle d Estrees, but none of them satisfies\\nher sense of injustice and her bitter grief. In 1601\\nshe died in the Chateau de Moulins.\\nChenonceaux now passed into the hands of the\\nDuchesse de Mercoeur and the Vendome family,\\nand here, while Richelieu was controlling the des-\\ntinies of France, and the Three Musketeers were\\nquarrelling with his Eminence s guards, Gaston\\nd Orleans was entertained at supper while the gay\\nDue de Beaufort,^ in despair at all attempts to make\\n1 Known in Paris at the time as the Roi des Halles.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "(?A\\nenonceaux 23\\nher father see a joke, turned to try conversation\\nwith his daughter, la grande Mademoiselle\\nhere, in 1650, came Mazarin to be reconciled with\\nthe Due de Vendome; and shortly after, the foot-\\nsteps of Anne of Austria, with her son, Louis XIV.,\\nwere heard in the gallery which had seen so many\\nbeauties, but few so royal and so fair. A trace of\\nthis visit was left at Versailles, where some statues\\ntaken from Chenonceaux were sent to grace the\\nroyal gardens.\\nThe last Due de Vendome connected with the\\nchateau was famous for his ugliness, and when very\\nold, and still uglier if possible than before, he mar-\\nried an extremely plain grand-daughter of the great\\nConde. Mademoiselle d Enghien, being unable\\neven in the country to get rid of some of her old\\nhabits, was so unfortunate as to drink herself to\\ndeath.\\nThe romance of Chenonceaux seemed in danger\\nof being utterly crushed, when a fresh reign began\\nwith the new attractions of the literary Madame\\nDupin, to whom the place was sold in 1733 by the\\nDue de Bourbon, not without great legal disputes,\\nin which the whole process of Diane de Poitiers\\nelaborate arrangements for possession was brought\\nto light again with a new meaning. One La Ferme\\nhad been appointed in the name of the nation as", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "24 did\\nouzatne\\nproprietor of Chenonceaux, which was thus consid-\\nered to be a Crown domain, and there is no Httle\\nirony in the fact of all Diana s schemes, which\\nprofited herself so little, having been the main in-\\nstrument in proving the inalienable rights of this\\nlater owner.\\nEven the debts of Catherine de Medicis came up\\nfor discussion, and it was only when the last of the\\ndescendants of her host of creditors had been proved\\nsatisfied that M. Claude Dupin, the Fermier-Gen-\\neral, a second Bohier in fact, came to Chenonceaux.\\nThis new proprietor was a friend of Montesquieu\\nand gathered in his wife s salons the most famous\\nliterary celebrities of the day. It was a different\\nkind of life from any that had yet been seen in Che-\\nnonceaux. Madame Dupin had a certain intelligent\\nlittle secretary, who actually had the temerity to fall\\nin love with her, and be gently enough reproved;\\nit is Jean Jacques Rousseau, who shall become the\\ngreat man of the company later on. Bernis is there,\\nand Buffon, and Voltaire, and unhappy-looking\\nDiderot, with all the Encyclopaedists in his train, ex-\\nhorting poor Jean Jacques to continue virtuous,\\nfor the state of those who have ceased to be so makes\\nme shudder.\\nThe great Revolution, which owed no little to\\nthese last visitors to the chateau, spared its beauty", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "eh\\nenonceaux 25\\nfrom the ruin with which it visited so many more\\nillustrious and more noted noble houses. The\\ngrand-nephew of Madame Dupin, Rene, Comte de\\nVilleneuve, died here in 1863, after the castle had\\nhad yet another literary visit, from George Sand;\\nand the last memories of Chenonceaux hark back\\nagain to Scotland with its latest owners, M. Pelouze\\nand his wife Madame Wilson, a relative of that\\nDaniel Wilson from Glasgow who in 1789 was\\nUnder-Secretary of State to the Minister of Finance\\nin France, and whose descendant has but lately\\ngained a somewhat unenviable notoriety in French\\npolitics. The wire of his telephone to Paris still\\nhangs in the gallery of the chateau.\\nBy Madame Pelouze much was done to restore\\nthe ancient glories of Chenonceaux, which had been\\nsomewhat dimmed by the neglect of the Vendomes,\\nbut the traditional financial embarrassments which\\nseem to have hung about the place ever since the\\nbankruptcy of the Marques, its first owners, have\\nunfortunately reappeared; the enormous sums spent\\nin decoration, and the splendid fetes that recalled\\nthe galas of the sixteenth century, resulted in the\\narrival of the creditors again, though for less sums\\nthan in the days of Catherine de Medicis.\\nThe chateau is now in the hands of the Credit\\nFoncier, who charge their visitors a franc a head", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "26 Old Oowcaine\\nsic transit gloria but much of the beauty and\\nall the interest of Chenonceaux still remain. As we\\nleft it we saw a solitary swan that floated in the moat;\\nher white breast cut the mirrored image of the walls,\\nand reminded us strangely of the old times that had\\npassed from them. And indeed the traveller will\\nfind much that is worthy of a longer visit here than\\nhis guide will probably allow him in this home of\\nbeautiful women and gigantic debts. He will not\\nbe impressed as by the solid masonry and bulk of\\nChambord or Langeais, but neither will he be left\\nwith the sense of a somewhat too respectable and\\ncomfortless blank of tradition and association; he\\nmay not find here all the history that seems incrusted\\non the very stones of Blois, but he will not see the\\nblood of Guises on the floors the charm of the place\\nis a more domestic one; the very attempts at forti-\\nfication only add to its picturesqueness, and are\\nobviously only meant to do so. It seems built\\nespecially for the enjoyment of the brilliant Court\\nfavourites who so often were its inmates, and to re-\\nflect, in the exuberant fancy and brightness of its\\narchitecture, the gaieties which were meant to be\\nhabitual within its walls.\\nThe rich decorations of the rooms of Francis I.,\\nthe windows of the boudoir from which Diane de\\nPoitiers watched for the coming of her royal lover,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "h\\nenonceaux 27\\nthe pictured faces all along the great gallery upon\\nwhose ceiling the light from the waves of the Cher\\ndances in strange flickering fragments, all will im-\\npress him with a sense of beauty, and will leave him\\nwith a pleasant memory. At Amboise he will see\\nthe dark side of the picture, and watch the next act\\nof the drama at the Court of Francis II. and Marie\\nStuart.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Ovoo ,,^eend of cfzancey", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV\\nTWO QUEENS OF FRANCE\\nLa nef qui disjoint nos amours\\nN a eu de moi que la moitie,\\nUne part te reste, elle est la tienne,\\nJe la fie a ton amitie,\\nPour que de I autre il te souvienne.\\nThe scene in French history in which the children\\nof Catherine de Medicis played the leading parts,\\nand which ended in the capitulation of Paris to\\nHenry IV., begins with the reign of Francis II.\\nAll the principal characters of the drama either\\nappear, or are in the near distance. Catherine de\\nMedicis, the Queen-mother, and the young Queen,\\nMarie Stuart, will be seen first and most clearly; of\\nMarguerite de Valois we shall hear more later on,\\nas of Jeanne d Albret, Madame de Montpensier, and\\nthe lovely Madame de Sauves, Marquise de Noir-\\nmoutier.\\nThe reign of Diane de Poitiers was the beginning\\nof an influence upon the highest issues of French\\npolitics, of women with far less self-control, with\\neven less scrupulousness, than Henry s favourite\\n31", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "32 Old ^owcairie\\nan influence mainly Italian in its origin, as has been\\nnoticed, and to which was due all the misery and\\nbloodshed which the unbridled passions of such\\nwomen could not but cause.\\nOf the men, there appear at this time the first\\ngeneration of the Guises, the Duke Francois and the\\nCardinal de Lorraine, powerful with their niece\\nupon the throne of France, the forerunners of the\\nfamous Henri de Guise and the second Cardinal;\\nAnne de Montmorency, the Constable, is here too,\\nwith his nephews the Chatillons; Antoine of Na-\\nvarre, father of le bon Bearnais the first Prince\\nof Conde; De I Hopital, Harley, and De Thou;\\nthese make up the more important actors in the\\ndrama that is to follow. And upon the scenes, or\\nwaiting for their turn, are the maids of honour of\\nCatherine de Medicis, the mignons of the future\\nHenry HI.; Besme and Coconnas, the murderers of\\nSt. Bartholomew; the grim perfumer of the Queen-\\nmother, Poltrot, Jacques Clement, and Ravaillac.\\nThe literary men stand off from such forbidding\\ncompany: Ronsard, Montaigne, and Estienne Jo-\\ndelle, with Beauvais, tutor to the young Prince of\\nNavarre, and many more, are hovering about the\\nCourt.\\nLet us look closer at some of these as they throng\\nto the Louvre, where Catherine and the Guises are", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "c wo c^jieend of cFtance 33\\nstaying up the young King for his first attempt at\\nroyalty. With the Constable, who is talking to\\nConde and the King of Navarre, are his nephews,\\nAdmiral Coligny and the Colonel d Andelot, watch-\\ning the clear, keen face of the Cardinal de Guise,\\nwith its quick, cat-like eye and the strange hard\\nturn at the corners of his lip, half hidden in the fair\\nhair of the beard; beside him is his brother, the\\nbrave Captain Francois, gray of tint and thin in\\nface and body, with light grayish hair, figure\\nd aventurier, de parvenu qui voudra parvenir tou-\\njours in the midst is the little King with his pale\\npuffed face and flat nose,^ between the Scotch-\\nwoman and the Florentine, whose strong, intelHgent\\nhead, the true muzzle of the Medicis, becomes all\\nbut bestial in the prominent mouth and underhang-\\ning jowl of later life; but on the other side, in\\ncontrast to the pale Italian, is the lovely Marie, for\\nwhose love this half-grown King, distracted at the\\ngift of so much beauty, was to exhaust his feeble\\nstrength and die; for never was there charmer of\\nmore power than Marie Stuart. Fortunately we are\\nonly concerned with her life in France, and with the\\n1 II avait le nez fort camus, says Louis Regnier de la\\nPlanche in a passage in which the various weaknesses of the\\nsickly Francis are detailed. Anne the Constable was known as\\nle camus de Montmorency, from his flat nose.\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 3", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "34 Old Oowcaine\\nlater years so fruitful in controversy of her\\nchequered career in Scotland, we have nothing\\nto do.\\nKing James of Scotland had married the daughter\\nof Claude de Lorraine, Due de Guise, and from the\\ntroubles of a country constantly at variance with\\nEngland, their daughter Marie escaped when quite\\nyoung to the shelter of the French Court. There\\nwe hear of her first in 1554, at a fete in the gardens\\nof St. Germain, where she appeared by the side of\\nthe pretty Miss Fleming. Authentic portraits of\\nher a few years later show her with the auburn-\\ntinted hair and the fine transparent skin of the paint-\\ning at Azay-le-Rideau, the complexion she shared\\nwith her uncle the Cardinal, and the quick, light eye\\nof brownish tinge that could be hard and fixed at\\nwill; but her youthful beauty, which was undenia-\\nble at this time at any rate, was the least among her\\ncharms. Showing an astonishing acquaintance,\\nsays Michelet, with books, affairs, and men, well\\nversed in politics at ten, and mistress of the French\\nCourt at fifteen, she ruled everything by her word,\\nby the charm of her presence, which troubled every\\nheart. In this wonder, whom the Guises brought to\\nFrance, every human gift was united save self-con-\\ntrol and tact; fantastic and visionary, for all her\\nkeenness in intrigue, for all her seeming cunning", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "(yfbazie (Stuart", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Owo ..^eend of cFtance 35\\nand finesse, she ended by falling into every snare\\nher enemies spread for her.\\nYet during the few months of her power in\\nFrance, a power that has been too little recognised,\\nno one could escape her influence, the Queen-\\nmother no more than the rest. A little court of\\npoets gathered round her, Du Bellay and De Maison\\nFleur among them, whose verses were answered\\nwith her own, and gave yet another charm to such\\nmemories as those of Chenonceaux. She left\\nFrance with the sorrow of her young dead husband\\nin her heart, and the sweet verses of her favourite\\nRonsard in her memory, verses in which for once\\nthe poet forgot to be classical and gave utterance\\nto a natural beauty of pathos and expression, but\\ntoo rare in his writings.\\n1 It is interesting to note French opinion on her character\\nfrom another point of view.\\nL ennemie la plus intime, says Balzac, et la plus habile\\nde Catherine de Medicis etait sa belle-fille la reine Marie, petite\\nblonde, malicieuse comme une soubrette, here comme une Stu-\\nart qui portait trois couronnes, instruite comme un vieux\\nsavant, espiegle comme une pensionnaire de convent, amou-\\nreuse de son mari comme une courtisane Test de son amant,\\ndevouee a ses oncles qu elle admirait, et heureuse de voir le\\nroi Frangois partager, elle y aidant, la bonne opinion qu elle\\navait d eux. Etudes Philosophiques sur Catherine de Medicis,\\np. 90.\\n2 Not so well known as his companions he was a Huguenot\\nwriter of some celebrity in his time, author of Les Divins\\nC antiques, Anvers, 1580.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "36 ULd Oowcatne\\nAdieu, she cries, upon the deck of the ship that\\nbore her from Calais. Adieu done, ma chere\\nFrance, je ne vous verrai jamais plus. The words\\nof Beranger are too true\\nAdieu, charmant pays de France,\\nQue je dois tant cherir;\\nBerceau de mon heureuse enfance,\\nAdieu, te quitter c est mourir.\\nShe left a country where she was always regretted,\\nand which kept a romantic memory of her beauty, a\\ntender pity for her sorrows. The Guises could make\\nno motion at her death, for they were paralysed by\\nthe murder of Le Balafre, but the French Court had\\ndone its utmost to save the victim of its plots with\\nScotland, and the whole country felt the compas-\\nsion for her misfortunes, which makes Brantome s\\naccount rise above the ordinary level of a gossiping\\nCourt chronicle.\\nThis Queen, says Giovanni Correro eight years\\nafterwards, while she kept the love of her honour\\nand the fear of God before her eyes, reigned in a\\nmost admirable manner, so that all the world won-\\ndered to see a young girl, so delicately nurtured and\\nso little used to government, able to resist the influ-\\nences against her. The Pope especially favoured\\nher, sending her encouragement with words and", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "uwo ^ueend of atance 37\\nmoney. But her joy was short-lived; at one blow\\nshe lost her husband, her freedom, and her crown.\\nTout ce qui est de beau ne se garde longtemps,\\nsings Ronsard,\\nLes roses at les lis ne regnent qu un printemps,\\nAinsi vostre beaute, seulement apparue\\nQuinze ou seize ans en France est soudain disparue.\\nShe left France and the intrigues of the decaying\\ndynasty of the Valois for a rude atmosphere where\\nstronger wills than hers were paramount, and where\\nshe had no longer strength to fight against ne-\\ncessity.^\\nOf very different mould is the woman standing\\nnear her by the King s chair. It becomes necessary\\nto have a clear idea of the character which dominates\\nthe next thirty years of French history, and who, in\\n1533, left the intrigues of Italy, to contaminate the\\nFrench Court.\\n1 Malherbe s improvement on these lines ran as follows\\nElle etait de ce monde oh les plus belles choses\\nOnt le pire destin\\nEt, rose, elle a vecu ce que vivent les roses\\nL espace d un matin.\\n2 L Angleterre impie, cries Dumas, ce bourreau fatal de\\ntout ce que la France eut de divin, tua avec elle la grace,\\ncomme elle avait deja tue Tinspiration en Jeanne d Arc,\\ncomme elle devait tuer en Napoleon le genie.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "38 Old Ooutalne\\nAbout Catherine de Medicis at least, there can be\\nno doubt as to the verdict, and even the brilliant\\nattempt of Balzac cannot change the judgment of\\nposterity on one of the most infamous women who\\never held the royal power.\\nThe present school of historical criticism, if it de-\\nlights in destroying old ideals, has shown itself no\\nless skilful at whitewashing characters hitherto con-\\ndemned without appeal; and in many cases a fairer\\nestimate of results has been arrived at; but difBcult\\nas it is to accept even a modified picture of the vil-\\nlainies of a Louis XI,, it becomes impossible to\\nacquiesce in the strained attempt after originality\\nand paradox, which becomes obvious in any apology\\nfor Catherine; nor will the well-worn argument of\\nthe dangers of her situation or the habits of her time\\nsuffice to clear her character. Such arguments\\nmight have been used in her favour, were her acts,\\nher policy, and her influence other than they are\\nin the face of results they become absolutely untena-\\nble. Nor is it merely a wholesale feeling of dis-\\ngust at the tendencies and methods of the age, that\\nleads us unequivocally to condemn one of its chief\\npersonages. Of the three Queens of that time it\\nwas given to but one to succeed, and in her success\\nto build up the greatness of the English nation.\\nThe unhappy fate of Marie Stuart has procured a", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "^wo ^ueend of azatice 39\\npardon for her faults, the death of Catherine de\\nMedicis was welcomed as a release from an ever-\\npresent evil, as the beginning of an attempt to bet-\\nter things. The lives of Coligny, of Jeanne d Al-\\nbret, of Henry of Navarre, of Michel de I Hopital,\\nshow that even in the sixteenth century it was possi-\\nble to fulfil many duties, many obligations, without\\nthe stain of lying or of murder/\\nWhen first Catherine came to the Court to marry\\nthe young Dauphin, with her caressing manners\\nand her Spanish etiquette, Diane de Poitiers was\\n1 Of contemporary authorities perhaps the most severe\\ncriticism is the Discours merveilleux de la vie, actions et de-\\nportemens de la reine Catherine de Medicis, attributed to Beze,\\nprobably the work of Estienne, and in any case a brilliant piece\\nof writing first published in 1574. D Aubigne is also on the\\nHuguenot side against the Queen. Brantome gives us the\\nextreme of all that could be said in her favour by a partisan\\nof her Court. In De Castelnau, Tavannes, De Bordenaye, and\\nthe Memoires of Marguerite de Valois, there is also much to\\nbe gathered. The Venetian ambassadors in France at this\\ntime, when Venice was still powerful enough to be fearless in\\njudging other nations when she wished, have a feeling of hon-\\nesty and strength behind them, that gives great value to their\\nimpartial judgments, while their artistic sensibility gives a\\ncolour and a refinement to their descriptions, very rare in other\\nwritings. Finally, a large collection of the actual letters of\\nthe Queen-mother afford a source of information that admits\\nof no dispute. Passing over English writers, and omitting the\\nLife by Balzac as a brilliant literary paradox, the Catherine\\nde Medicis, Mere des Rois, etc., by M. Capefigue, 1856, may\\nbe taken as an example of the apologetic school in France,\\nfortunately not a numerous one.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "40 did Q.\\nowcatne\\npointing out the siiopkeeper s daughter to the\\ncourtiers, and the keen-eyed Venetian ambassador,\\nMarino Giustiniano had already noticed the discon-\\ntent of the whole nation at the marriage. Men\\nfind, he says, that the Pope (her uncle) has de-\\nceived the King, and the Dauphin himself was no\\nbetter pleased with the match; it was not merely as\\na merchant s daughter,^ not merely as one to whom\\ndeceit and lying were as habitual as breath, that he\\n1 For details of the early life of Catherine see the researches\\nof M. Alberi and M. de Remmont, collected from the archives\\nat Venice.\\nHer descent from the founder of the family is as follows\\nGiovanni de Medici (d. 1428)\\nCosmo (Pater Patriae, d. 1464)\\nPietro (d. 1472)\\nLorenzo il Magniiico (d. 1492) Julian\\nI Pope Clement VII.\\nAlfonsina, daughter Pietro the Unfortunate\\nof Orsino,\\nConstable of France\\nLorenzo, Due d Urbino (d. 1519) Magdalena, daughter of Jean\\nIde la Tour, Comte of\\nBoulogne and Auvergne\\nHenry II. of France Catherine de Medici (1519-1589).\\nIt is curious to note that Catherine was distantly related to\\nboth her rivals at the French Court to Marie Stuart through\\nthe Duke of Albany, son of James III. and Anne de la Tour,\\nthe aunt of Catherine to Diane de Poitiers through her father,\\nJean de Poitiers, whose mother, Jeanne de Boulogne, was an\\naunt of Magdalena de la Tour.\\nIn connection with Catherine s own children the Pope s re-\\nmark on leaving her at Marseilles is interesting. A figlia\\nd inganno non manca mai la figliuolanza.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "^wo ^leend of c/tance 41\\ndisliked her, but as some serpent born of tainted\\nparents in the charnel-houses of Italy.\\nThe strange sight of the foreign wife protected\\nand befriended by the French mistress, is explained\\nby Diana s fear that the throne in default of direct\\nheirs would fall to her enemies; and when at last\\na child was born, it was the weak and ill-formed\\nFrancis, who died before his time, and bequeathed\\nthe civil wars to France; then came the madman\\nCharles IX., with the blood of St. Bartholomew s\\nDay upon his hands; then the effeminate Henry,\\nweak and spiteful as he was cowardly, who debased\\nthe country to his own degraded level; and after\\nbearing such a brood, the pale, fat-faced Florentine\\ngrew old and battened on the miseries of France.\\nEducated among the faction and intrigue of the\\nItalian Republics, when murder was the habitual\\nsolution of a difficulty, with little knowledge of\\nFrench customs, no prejudices of birth or aristoc-\\nracy, as incredulous of good as she was supersti-\\ntious and given over to enchantments,^ she only saw\\n1 She had no children for ten years. This, say her apolo-\\ngists, was more Henry s fault than hers, but the fact remains,\\nand I cannot help seeing more truth in Michelet, than in the\\nuntranslatable explanations of Brantome, Balzac, and the\\nothers.\\n2 See the traces of her cabalistic figures at Chaumont, her\\ntower Uraniae Sacrum at Blois. The eccentricities of\\ngenius, says M. Capefigue.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "42 Old ^outaine\\nin France another Florence to be cowed by the old\\nmean methods, and in the factions of Guises and\\nChatillons another quarrel to be settled like the\\nfeuds of Medici and Pazzi. Where it was impossi-\\nble to avail herself of the secrets of Ruggieri, she\\nunhesitatingly made every use which a cynical im-\\nmorality could suggest of the escadron volant\\nthat was always at her orders. The statesman\\nwhose position saved him from assassination was\\nseldom man enough to resist the temptations of an\\nintrigue; he was entangled at the critical moment,\\nand his opportunity was lost. Antoine de Navarre\\nand Conde were only two examples among many\\nof the astuteness of the Queen-mother s policy.\\nJeanne d Albret s letters from Blois show the disgust\\nand alarm which were aroused in a good woman\\nby contact with this society at Court.\\nCrushed and humiliated from her very infancy,\\nbroken by the contempt of Henry II., at the mercy\\nof his mistress, and eclipsed by the young Queen of\\n1 M. Capefigue s explanation is worth hearing. By the sweet\\ninfluence of the escadron volant the soft airs and graces\\nof the Court were to tone down the rough and violent society\\nof the time. Au milieu des plaisirs des fetes et du luxe,\\nelle esperait user ces ames ardentes, ces coeurs de fer et de\\nfeu. After this it is only to be expected that we should find\\nthat the Mignons were encouraged to show what a Court\\nought to be, that Henry of Navarre was coarse compared\\nwith them, and other extraordinary statements.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "Owo c^^eend of cFtance 43\\nScotland, Catherine seemed to see in the early years\\nof Charles IX. s reign, her first glimpse of the power\\nshe thirsted for, which had almost escaped her in the\\nshort life of Francis II.\\nBut the strength of the Guises soon taught her, at\\nVassy and at Fontainebleau, that her time was not\\nyet. She felt their heavy hand upon her neck and\\nbowed her head; her heart fell back again to the\\nmeanness that was natural to it she played the\\ngood Queen-mother at the Guises bidding.\\nShe never leaves the King, writes Giovanni\\nMichiel, who gives some striking details of the life\\nof the French Court. She keeps the seal which\\nthe King uses, which they call cachet.\\nThe Queen-mother is very fond of the good things\\nof life; her habits are irregular and she eats much,\\nbut afterwards seeks remedy in strong exercise; she\\nwalks, rides,^ and is never still; strangest of all, she\\nhas even been seen out hunting. But in spite of all\\nthis, her face is always pale and almost of a greenish\\ntinge, and she is very fat. Even the Italian am-\\nbassadors cannot find much to praise in their com-\\npatriot, though they do their best. As to the\\nQueen, says another, Michele Suriano, it is\\n1 Elle estoit fort bien a cheval et bardie, et s y tenoit de\\nfort bonne grace, ayant este la premiere qui avoit mis la jambe\\nsur I arQon, d autant que la grace y estoit bien plus belle et\\napparoissante que sur la planchette. Brantome.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "44 ULd Ooiitaine\\nenough to say she is a true Florentine if ever there\\nwas one, but it is impossible to deny that she is a\\nwoman of great tact and intellectual vigour.\\nBrantome and Davila agree in this last opinion,\\nwhich is perhaps the best that can be said of Cather-\\nine, for even the feelings of maternity which she\\nshared in common with the brutes were perverted\\nby her superstition and her cruelty, and warped into\\na preference for the least worthy of her sons, the\\nmiserable Henry, Due d Anjou. Her son Charles\\nhad only frightened her whenever he attempted to\\nshow a will of his own; for Francis she felt too much\\ncontempt for love; in Henry alone she could see her\\nown nature reflected, womanish and Italian, witty,\\nheartless and corrupted.\\nIt is only necessary to peruse the letters she was\\nperpetually scribbling at the time to be convinced\\nof her true character. Throughout them all is the\\nsame undercurrent of commercial vulgarity, of plot-\\nting and intrigue, of requests for help for Gondi and\\nBizago, and the rest of her Italian proteges.\\nShe does everything a man could do, and yet\\nshe is scarcely loved, says Correro again naively in\\nthe reign of Charles IX. The Huguenots say\\nthat she deceived them by her fair words and her\\n1 Je la vis une fois, pour une apres disnee, escrire de sa\\nmain vingt pures lettres et longues. Brantome,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Owo c:^eend of a cance 45\\nfalse air of kindliness, while all the time she was\\nplotting their destruction with the Catholic King;\\nthe Catholics, on the other hand, say that if the\\nQueen had not encouraged the Huguenots they\\nwould not have gone so far.\\nExtremes disgusted her, explains M. Cape-\\nfigue she tried to unite both parties to the\\nKing. As a matter of fact she played fast and\\nloose with one after the other, and the only consis-\\ntent motive in the hand-to-mouth policy of her\\nwhole life was her insatiate ambition for her own\\nand for her children s greatness.^\\nIt scarcely needed the terrible picture in Dumas\\nReine Margot, of Catherine ranging like a wolf\\namong the dead, for us to imagine how she ruined\\nthe diseased and excitable nature of her son Charles,\\nand drove him slowly mad by hideous plots and\\ncountless thwartings of his feeble attempts at right-\\neous government. So well recognised had her\\ncharacter become that the danger of her friendship\\nwas a proverb at the Court.^ No one could feel safe\\nwith a woman who took such obvious delight in\\n1 See Martin, Hist. ix. 271.\\n2 Quand elle appelait quelqu un mon amy c estoit qu elle\\nI estimoit sot ou qu elle estoit en colere, etc. Je la\\nvis une fois tout du long du chemin lire dans un\\nparchemin tout un proces verbal que Ton avoit fait de Derdois,\\nbasque, secretaire favory du Connestable, etc. Brantonie.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "46 6 Id lO.\\nowcatne\\ncondemnations and in trials, whose relaxation from\\na satiety of festivals was the sight of organised\\nbutcheries, which restored her the energies for\\nrenewed debauchery and dissipation. From the\\nrevels at Blois she moves to the massacres at Am-\\nboise, and completes the round of pleasure with the\\nfetes at Chenonceaux even if her complicity in the\\nmurders of St. Bartholomew were not completely\\nproved, it would be hard to acquit any one who had\\nsuch interest in the death of the Huguenot leaders\\nas had Catherine, but it was entirely owing to her\\nevil suggestions that the mind of the unhappy King\\nwas worked up to the pitch of frenzy required to let\\nloose the wild fanaticism of Paris, that might even\\nstill have been restrained. After the massacre she\\ntriumphantly showed the papers of the murdered\\nAdmiral Coligny to Walsingham, Elizabeth s am-\\nbassador. Le voila votre ami, she cried, voyez\\ns il aimait I Angleterre. Madame, replies the\\nEnglishman, at least he loved France. And as\\na true lover of his country, as one of the few real\\nheroes of that time, Coligny was especially obnox-\\n1 Among many contemporary witnesses see La Noue s testi-\\nmony to the worth of Coligny in Discours Politiques et Mili-\\ntaires, xxvi. Troisiemes Troubles, Bale, 1587, p. 702.\\nOr, si quelqu un en ces lamentables guerres a grandement\\ntravaille et du corps et de I esprit, on peut dire que c a este\\nM. I Amiral somme, c etait un personnage digne de\\nrestituer un Estat affoibly et corrompue.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "(Datliexlne dc Wljedlctd\\ncfrom. a poxtxah in the %ffyl gaLiexy,\\ncHoxence. Sj^xUM unknown", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "O WO :^ieend of cFtance 47\\nious to Catherine; and France, which still trembled,\\nbegan at last to see the truth. She is accused,\\nsays Giovanni Michiel in 1575, of every evil that\\nhas desolated the kingdom; up till this time she was\\nbut little liked, now she is detested. For thir-\\nteen years longer her pale face was at the King s\\nshoulder whispering the venom of her counsels to\\nhis cowardly heart. In the reign of Henry III. at\\nBlois we shall meet her again, and there the end\\ncomes worthily, after her son, who had begun his\\ncareer with the death of the chief of the Protestants,\\nhad ended it with the murder of the head of the\\nCatholic League. Her tricks and schemes are over,\\nshe is found out at last, and dies beneath the rooms\\nwhere Guise was stabbed to death; her body, which\\nfound but scant and hasty burial, was left almost\\nforgotten, and hurried to its tomb from the Church\\nof St. Sauveur.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Chmbol\\notdey", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XV\\nAMBOISE\\nCarolus Octavus primus me erexit in urbem;\\nHunc fontem, Hos muros, Haec mihi templa dedit\\nAmbosa.\\nBishop of Arezzo to Piero di Medici, 1493.\\nThe Castle of Amboise stands high above the town,\\nHke another Acropolis above a smaller Athens; it\\nrises upon the only height visible for some distance,\\nand is in a commanding position for holding the\\nlevel fields of Touraine*around it, and securing the\\npassage of the Loire between Tours and Chaumont,\\nwhich is the next link in the chain that ends at Blois.\\nThe river at this point is divided in two by an\\nisland, as is so often the case where the first bridge-\\nbuilders sought to join the wide banks of the Loire,\\nand on this little spot between the waters Clovis is\\nsaid to have met Alaric before he overthrew the\\npower of the Visigoths in Aquitaine.\\nAmboise gains even more from the river than the\\nother chateaux of the Loire. The magnificent\\nround tower that springs from the end of Charles\\nVIIL s facade completely commands the ap-\\n51", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "52 Old ^ouzaine\\nproaches of the bridge, and the extraordinary effect\\nof lofty masonry, produced by building on the sum-\\nmit of an elevation and carrying the stone courses\\nupwards from the lower ground, is here seen at its\\nbest.\\nThrough the white houses of the little town that\\ncluster round the lofty castle, like crumbs that\\nhave fallen from a well-laden table, we passed\\ntowards the archway which gives entrance to the\\ncastle from behind, though the drawbridge, which\\nhad an invention to let one fall, if not premonished,\\nno longer existed. The moats across which Evelyn\\npassed in 1644, and which are clearly drawn in\\nprints of the sixteenth century,^ no longer exist. A\\nwinding ascent led us into the gardens, which have\\na special charm of beauty, removed and isolated\\nfrom the common life below, lifted high in the air on\\nthe great rock of the fortress, and surrounded by its\\ntowers and terraces. Here we were left to wander\\nfor a time when we first arrived, and discovered\\nalone the lovely little chapel of St. Hubert, with an\\n1 Mr. Henry James, op. cit. The few chapters on Touraine\\nby this writer are full of picturesque and appreciative touches\\nof the impression which the mere exterior of all these chateaux\\nleaves upon an artistic visitor; see especially his description\\nof Blois {A Little Tour in France).\\n2 In the picture of La Renaudie s death, for instance, which\\nwill be referred to in subsequent pages.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "U^mboide 53\\nextraordinary carving above the doorway, repre-\\nsenting St. Hubert s encounter with the miraculous\\nStag. The building looks very tiny in one corner\\nof this vast courtyard, but the charming effect of its\\nlight buttresses, rising from below and cHnging to\\nthe great outer walls of rock and brickwork until\\nthey end in finely chiselled pinnacles that blossom\\nfrom the angles of its roof, is completed by a rich-\\nness and care in the workmanship of the interior\\nvery rarely surpassed by any monument of its time;\\nthe inner surface of its walls is a marvel of beautiful\\nstone carving fine as lace, and shows up the more as\\nit is almost the only work of the kind to be seen at\\nAmboise. The chapel was built by Charles VIII.\\nafter his return from Italy, and was no doubt carved\\nby the Italian artists who came with him. There is\\na strangely grotesque figure of an ape above the\\naltar, which is mentioned by M. Champfleury\\n(Histoire de la Caricature au moyen age) as peculiarly\\ndistinctive of that period of Italian taste. The\\nwhole has been restored and strengthened with the\\n1 Any one who knows Oxford will remember the carving\\nwhich is above the entrance gate of Merton let him imagine\\nthis inserted above the door of Exeter College Chapel, and the\\nwhole raised upon steep walls many feet into the air, and he\\nwill have a faint idea of the chapel at Amboise, which is on\\nmuch the same lines (very much reduced, but in perfect pro-\\nportion) as the Sainte Chapelle at Paris, with the same light\\nspire.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "64 did\\nowcaine\\ngreatest care and success since 1872 by the architect\\nof M. le Comte de Paris, in whose possession the\\ncastle then was, and it is by his care, too, that the\\nbeauty of the great towers, built by Charles VIII.\\nabout the same time, remains in its original condi-\\ntion, stripped of the hideous modern erections\\nwhich formerly defaced them. Amboise has not\\nalways met with such careful treatment; in 1806 a\\ncertain vandal senator, one Roger Ducos, irrepara-\\nbly destroyed a great part of the old buildings to\\navoid the trouble and expense of keeping them in\\nproper repair; nor did the war of 1870 spare the\\nplace entirely, for when the bridge was blown up,\\nthe excessive quantity of powder employed loosened\\nthe foundations of several parts of the chateau, and\\nalmost produced incalculable disaster.\\nLittle more than the actual rooms and walls built\\nby Charles VIII. with various modern restorations\\nthat were only necessitated from decay and never\\nlook incongruous, now remains at Amboise. We\\nshall see more of them as we look closer into the\\nstory of the castle, ana though of the interior there\\nis absolutely nothing worth inspection left, the out-\\nside walls and terraces have a grandeur all their own\\nthat compensates for any shortcomings within.\\nBut Amboise has a history before the days of\\nCharles VIIL There was without doubt a Roman", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "(?lie tJJootwaif of (pkapel at Ci^mhoi\\n016 e", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Ubmbotde 55\\ncamp here, but the traditions of the ubiquitous\\nCaesar must be received with caution/ The so-\\ncalled Greniers de Cesar, strange, unexplained\\nconstructions caverned in the soft rock, are proved\\nto be the work of a later age by that same indefatiga-\\nble Abbe Chevalier to whom we have been already\\nindebted for so much archaeological research. A\\npossible explanation of them is contained in an old\\nLatin history of the castle, which goes down to the\\ndeath of Stephen of England. According to this,^\\nthe Romans had held Amboise from the days of\\nCaesar till the reign of Diocletian; the Baugaredi or\\nBagaudae then put them to flight, but let the rest of\\nthe inhabitants remain, who, being afraid to live\\nabove ground, tunnelled beneath it, and made a\\n1 The Chronicle written by the monk Jean de Marmoutier in\\nthe twelfth century says that Caesar on his way back from the\\nsiege of Bourges was so struck with the strategical position\\nof Amboise that he built a tower upon the rock, and raised\\nupon the whole a great statue of the god Mars, which fell in\\na miraculous storm raised by St. Martin to abolish the em-\\nblems of paganism. Touraine is full of the strangest tradi-\\ntions of Julius Csesar. The most amusing instance of such\\nstories I have found is the passport gravely asserted to be\\nauthentic which runs as follows Laissez passer le nomme\\nCesar. (Signe) Vercingetorix.\\nLiber de Compositione Castri Ambacias et ipsius Domi-\\nnorum Gestis, which is No. 9 in a collection bound together\\ncalled Veterum aliquot Scriptorum qui in Gallics Bibliothecis\\nmaxine Benedictorum latuerant Spicilegium, torn, x., pub-\\nlished in Paris 1671.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "56 Old Ooutaine\\ngreat colony of subterranean dwellings in the holes\\nthey had dug out, a custom apparently common in\\nTouraine from the earliest times, and of which we\\nhave already noticed several instances. The Ro-\\nmans at any rate left unmistakable traces of their\\npresence; many of their architectural remains still\\nexist, and their fort is spoken of by Sulpicius Sev-\\nerus; but they can have built no bridge of stone,\\nfor in St. Gregory s time there were only boats\\navailable for the crossing of the river,^\\nOne more detail occurs in the Latin chronicler\\nwhich is too attractive to English readers to be\\nomitted, in spite of the suspicions somewhat brutally\\nexpressed in a marginal note by some more modern\\ncritic. At the time when the Romans had lost all\\nhold upon the province, one Maximus, the captain\\nof the castle, gave his daughter in marriage to the\\nKing of Britain, after which it came into possession\\nof King Arthur, who gave it back to the Franks\\nbefore he sailed away to conquer Mordred, and\\nwas slain in the Isle of Avalon.\\nBut by the time of Clovis, Amboise begins to\\nstand clearly out from the mist of tradition and un-\\ncertainty, and in the ninth century the great tower,\\nwhich had already become a fortress, was in the\\n1 M. Mabille, op. cit. (cap. i.), Bihl. de I cole des Chartes,\\nTouraine.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Chmboide 57\\npower of the Counts of Anjou, and in 1016 we hear\\nof the Angevin captain, Pontlevoy, bringing back\\nmuch plunder from the conquest of Odo of Blois and\\nstoring it in the great keep of Amboise.\\nNot till the fifteenth century did the castle be-\\ncome royal property, when it was confiscated by\\nCharles VII. as a punishment for treacherous deal-\\nings with the invading English very similar to the\\ntreason discovered at Chenonceaux just before.\\nBut beyond threatening the fortifications of the\\nplace this King did Httle for his new possession.\\nIn a few years the castle is overshadowed by the\\ncruel spectre of Louis XI., whose memory has\\nalready spoilt several charming views for us. It was\\nto Amboise that the father of this unfiHal prince was\\ncarried from Chinon on his way north, when wearied\\nout by the annoyance caused by the Dauphin s plots.\\nThe castle had become a royal residence, and soon\\nafter the whole town turns out to meet the new King\\nwith a moralite que maistre Estienne avait faite\\npour jouer ladite joyeuse venue, for Amboise was\\nalready famous for those dramatic performances al-\\nways so dear to the French, and particularly to these\\ncitizens, in the old days at any rate. There is no\\ntrace of such frivolities now in the sleepy little town.\\nThen, wine was given to all comers to drink at\\nthe expense of the town, with a wild hospitality", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "58 uLd Oomaine\\nwhich told upon the civic treasury somewhat too\\nheavily; but they made merry while they could:\\nLouis XL was but newly crowned, the whips had\\nnot yet changed to scorpions. In less than four\\nyears the actors had thrown away their motley, and,\\nclad in what steel they had, were formed into a civic\\nguard for the protection of the town. The Duke of\\nBurgundy had already begun to show how true he\\nwas to be to the troublesome traditions of his house,\\nand the word Peronne had furnished the latest\\njest for Paris, always ready to laugh at a faux pas\\neven of its King.\\nIt was at Amboise that Louis XL instituted the\\nOrder of St. Michael, that was to rival the dignity\\nof the famous Order of the Golden Fleece, and at\\nthis time the arms of France were first surrounded\\nwith the chain of cockle-shells that held the figure\\nof the Saint conquering Satan.^ A representation of\\na meeting of this Order in August 1469 at Amboise\\noccurs in the Statutes of the Order, dated from\\nPlessis-lez-Tours, which is decorated with minia-\\ntures, and preserved at Paris.\\nBut in spite of troubles with Burgundy and taxa-\\ntions from the King s council, all brightness was not\\nquite gone from the little town, for more Mystery\\n1 Travellers who have visited Mont St. Michel will agree\\nthat the shells from Cancale and that part of the coast quite\\ndeserve their proud position in the royal escutcheon.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Ubmbolde 59\\nPlays were occasioned by the birth of the future\\nCharles VIII., and not many years after Louis made\\nhis last visit to Amboise to give his son his blessing,\\nwhatever that might be worth, before retiring to try\\nto keep out death by lock and key, by moats and\\nman-traps, in his dismal fortress at Plessis-lez-\\nTours.\\nDuring his reign Amboise, both town and castle,\\nsuffered from the depression that was general\\nthroughout France; even their Mystery Plays seem\\nto have somewhat flagged. Some three hundred\\nyears of jesting at the Pope and the morality of ab-\\nbeys had begun to weary; these representations,\\nwhich had begun by being always of a religious\\ncharacter, had made a new departure in the Mistere\\ndu Siege df Orleans, already quoted; yet even here\\nthere is a whole company of heavenly actors. Be-\\nfore this the author could merely change the words\\nof Scripture in the mouths of secondary personages\\nwhose comic interludes produced the only effect\\nthat gave success, and were the supreme effort of\\ncontemporary dramatic art; plot there was none,\\nonly a multiplicity of variety and scene. Rabelais\\ntells us of Villon s efforts in this direction, and\\ndraws several lively pictures of the Comedies and\\nDiableries which followed, for which last the town\\nof Doue was particularly famous.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "60 Old\\nowcaine\\nThe Mystery Plays, properly so called, were of\\nvery early origin, and were possibly an attempt to\\npresent to all classes a vivid enactment of sacred\\nscenes which had not yet become public property\\nby the agency of the printing press. The story of\\nDaniel, or the parable of the Ten Virgins, became\\nmuch more of a reality to the common people when\\nactually thrown into life and action before their eyes,\\nthan when spelt out with difificulty from a rare manu-\\nscript, or misunderstood from the readings of some\\necclesiastic in a foreign tongue. The custom thus\\noriginated lasted long after the presses of Faust and\\nGutenberg had popularised literature, sacred and\\nprofane, even after the movement of the Reforma-\\ntion had given a French Bible to the nation, and a\\nMarot had produced his metrical version of the\\nPsalms. But it was not from these that the drama\\nof Moliere drew its inspiration, nor from what is\\nknown as the profane mystery, a kind of horrible\\nparody upon Biblical subjects, but from the mo-\\nralities, the farces, and soties, which had their\\norigin in the innate dramatic instinct of the French\\npeople. The farce of Patelin,^ for instance, was a\\nvery fair reproduction of the manners of the time,\\n1 The farce of Patelin was very celebrated in the sixteenth\\ncentury. It was composed between 1467 and 1470. For a\\ncriticism and analysis of it see Estienne Pasquier, Recherches,\\nviii. 59, p. 780 (ed. 1621).", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Chmbolde 61\\nand as such it has been already quoted, and indeed\\nso great a hold did these representations gain upon\\nthe public mind that we find such a piece as the\\nFarce du Paste et de la Tarte retaining its popularity\\nuntil the days of Louis XIV., when Moliere s com-\\npany took the place of the Comediens de I Hotel\\nde Bourgogne. These last Comediens were a\\nsurvival of the old Confrerie de la Passion, a so-\\nciety of actors who had almost superseded the old\\nBasoche and the Enfants sans Souci, by an\\naudacious mixture of the old and established Script-\\nural subjects with grotesque or obscene incidents\\nwhich appealed to the grossness of the time, while\\nit reflected the chaotic nature of the religious sym-\\npathies and beliefs of men in the thick darkness of\\nthe Middle Ages. There is in them the same ghastly\\nmockery of holiness which disgusts us chiefly in the\\ncharacter of Louis XL, as it will sicken us later on\\nin Henry IIL The hideous cloak of superstition\\nand idolatry which Louis called religion, still more\\nperhaps the heartless cruelty of the man in private\\nas well as in public relations with his fellow-man, all\\nthis remained far too clear for us to be long doubtful\\nabout the sincerity of the joy of Amboise when the\\nold cry was heard again, Le Roi est mort, vive le\\nroi.\\nFor some time the Dauphin had been living at", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "62 did\\noutatne\\nAmboise in idleness and seclusion; but the accounts\\nof his father s neglect are not to be too hastily be-\\nlieved. Louis has quite enough to answer for with-\\nout this being laid to his charge unnecessarily, and\\nthe testimony of Commines on the point is to be\\nreceived with caution. The scene at the castle in\\nSeptember 1482, when Louis, just returned from a\\npilgrimage to Saint Claude, and feeling that his end\\nwas near, solemnly invested his son with the royal\\nauthority, would seem to show that his neglect of\\nCharles has been somewhat exaggerated; but there\\nis other evidence, too: the letters of the King to\\nBourre, who had charge of the Prince, are not those\\nof a careless and indifferent father, nor would a man\\nwhose ideas of classical education were limited by\\nthe sentence Qui nescit dissimulare nescit reg-\\nnare so highly reward Etienne de Vesc, the other\\ntutor. Such a maxim was at any rate not the one\\nby which the new King guided his policy; nor was\\nhis reading, even before he came to the throne, lim-\\nited to the romances of chivalry by which his\\nmother s notions of literature were bounded. The\\nGrandes Chrotiiques de France and the Rosier des\\nGuerres of Pierre Choinet were in his hands soon\\nafter 1482, and this ignorant prince, who was sup-\\nposed to have been suppressed for fear of opposi-\\ntion to his father s power, astonishes Europe by an", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Uhmkotde 63\\ninvasion of Italy as soon as the disturbances of his\\nown nobles within the kingdom had been quelled.\\nIt is well known, too, that his was a mind which\\ndeveloped slowly and would bear but little pressure.\\nClaude de Seyssel and Commines give the wrong\\nreason for the education prescribed for Charles by\\nhis father. From Nicole Gilles we find what is far\\nnearer the truth, that the life of the heir to the throne\\nwas rightly considered to be of more importance\\nthan the acuteness of his intellect, and that his\\nstrength of body was encouraged in preference to\\nthe risk of enfeebling a naturally weak constitution\\nby the enforcement of displeasing studies. Sa\\nmauvaise nourriture, as Commines calls it, n en-\\ndommagea en rien son genereux naturel brave\\ncourage qui etait ne avec lui, and when he was\\nstrong enough to learn he had the will to study.\\nThe number of classical books which he brought\\nback from Italy would alone prove that his tastes in\\nthis direction had not been neglected; and though\\ninevitably much was wanting in his general educa-\\ntion, yet the sound advice and firm policy of the\\nRegent, Anne de Beaujeu, did much to steer him\\nsafely through the first troubled years of the reign\\nthat he began when still a child.\\nThe young King s return from his campaign in\\nItaly, unpleasant enough in its inevitable ill-success,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "64 did\\nouzatne\\nwas still further saddened by the death of his son at\\nthree years of age, bel enfant, says Commines,\\net audacieux en parole; et ne craignant point les\\nchoses que les autres enfants ont accoutume de\\ncraindre. This boy was buried with his brother\\nin the Church of St. Martin at Tours, and their tomb\\nis still one of the most beautiful ornaments of the\\ncathedral to which it was removed after the destruc-\\ntion of the older church.\\nThe two great towers of Amboise with the in-\\nclined planes of brickwork, which wind upwards in\\nthe midst instead of staircases, were the result of\\nthe work which Charles set on foot as a distraction\\nto his grief. These strange ascents had been par-\\ntially restored by the Comte de Paris, the present\\nowner of Amboise, before his exile stopped the work\\nof repairing the chateau, and it is still possible to\\nimagine the charrettes, mullets, et litieres, of\\nwhich Du Bellay speaks, mounting from the low\\nground to the chambers above, or the Emperor\\nCharles V., in later years, riding up with his royal\\nhost, Francis L, always fond of display, amid such a\\nblaze of flambeaux that a man might see as clearly\\nas at mid-day.\\nThese great towers and the exquisite little chapel\\nwere the work of the excellent sculptors and\\nartists from Naples who, as Commines tells us,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Ubmbotde 65\\nwere brought back with the spoils of the Italian\\nwars; for the young King never thought of\\ndeath but only of collecting round him all the\\nbeautiful things which he had seen and which had\\ngiven him pleasure, from France or Italy or Flan-\\nders; but death came upon him suddenly. At\\nthe end of a garden walk, fringed with a mossy\\ngrove of limes that rises from the river bank, is the\\nlittle doorway through which Charles VIII. was\\npassing when he hit his head, never a very strong\\none, against the low stone arch, and died a few hours\\nafterwards. The castle had been fortified before\\nhis time; he left it beautiful as well, and the traces\\nof his work are those which are most striking at the\\npresent day.^\\n1 In October and November 1493 he shows off the new build-\\nings with much pride to the Italian ambassadors. See Des-\\njardins, Negot. Diplom. de la F. avec la Toscane, i. 340.\\n2 Baron de Cosson has been kind enough to send me a list\\nof the arms and armour in the Chateau of Amboise at 1499.\\nIt will be noticed that the ownership of King Arthur is trace-\\nable in the entry referring to Lancelot s sword. Une dague\\nen manchee de licorne la poignee de cristalin nommee la dague\\nSaint-Charlemagne. Une espee en manchee de fer, garnie en\\nfa^on de clef nommee I espee de Lancelot du Lac, et dit-on\\nqu elle est fee. Une espee d armes garnie de fouet blanc et\\nau pommeau une Nostre Dame d un coste et un souleil de\\nI autre, nommee I espee du Roy Charles VII., appellee la bien-\\naimee. Une espee d armes, la poignee couverte de fouet blanc\\net au pommeau a une Nostre Dame d un coste et un S. Michel\\nde I autre, nommee I espee du Roy de France qui fist armes\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 5", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "66 6Ld\\noutaine\\nThe new reign began with the disgraceful process\\nof divorce against the first wife of the King, Jeanne\\nde France; in the Church of St. Denys it was con-\\nfirmed publicly, and the papal sanction read. The\\nindignation which must have been felt pretty gen-\\nerally throughout France was particularly out-\\nspoken in Amboise, where the prelates and the-\\nologians of the Court were pointed out in the streets\\nas the Herods and Pilates of their time.\\nIt may have been as much a feeling of shame as\\na movement prompted by more delicate associa-\\ntions, which prevented Louis from entering the\\ntown with Anne de Bretagne when she made her\\nsecond entry as Queen of France. Amboise was,\\ncentre un gean a Paris et le conquist. Various other swords\\nare mentioned, such as the Papal one given with the arms of\\nPope Calixtus the war-sword of Charles VIII. a sword given\\nby the King of Scotland to Louis XL when he married Madame\\nla Dauphine the sword of Louis XL, nommee la belle espee\\ndu Roy Louis qu il avoit a la conqueste qu il fist premier sur\\nles Suysses, nommee Estrefuse a sword nommee I espee\\nde Philippe le Bel another nommee I espee du Roy Je-\\nhan with others belonging to Louis XL and Charles VIII.\\nThe sword called La Victoire seems to have been made\\nfor Charles VI. in 1383 (see V. Gay, Glossaire Archeologique,\\nParis, 1887, p. 686). Amongst the armour was, Une\\nbrigandine de Tallebot couverte de veloux noir tout usee, et\\nsa salade noire couverte d un houx de broderie fait sur veloux,\\ntout usee also, Harnoys de la pucelle, garny de gardebras,\\nd une paire de mitons, et d un abillement de teste oti il y a ung\\ngorgeray de maille, le bort dore, le dedans garny de satin\\ncramoisy, double de mesme. There was besides une hache\\na une main qui fut au Roy Saint Loys (see V. Gay, p. 65).", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "Ubmboide 67\\nas usual, ready with its Mystery Play to welcome\\nthe new Queen this time a history of Julius Caesar\\nbut the demonstration of loyal and dramatic fer-\\nvour was suppressed.\\nAt this time the Marechal de Gie, whom we\\nhave met before, begins to take a prominent posi-\\ntion. He had accompanied the King on the first\\nexpedition to Italy, and after his return had been\\nmoved, by a sudden accident to Louis, to think\\nof the marriage of his daughter Claude. Unfortu-\\nnately Anne de Bretagne, never a great friend to\\nthe Marechal, had thought about it too, and hostili-\\nties began between them, on the Queen s side une\\nguerre de coups d epingle, on the Marechal s\\nnothing save a profound and apparent contempt.^\\nDe Gie was now given the care of Louise de Savoie,\\nComtesse d Angouleme, and her children, with a\\nsmall force of men-at-arms in the Castle of Am-\\nboise, and by his command in Angers, and his con-\\nnections in Saumur and Tours, he was practically\\nmaster of the Loire a fact which was pecuHarly\\ngalling to the Queen, for by way of trying, like a\\ntrue Breton, to guarantee her eventual indepen-\\ndence, she was in the habit of sending jewels and\\nother valuables down the river to safe-keeping at\\n1 See Procedures Politiques du regne de Louis XII., M. de\\nMaulde, Ecole des Chartes.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "68 Old E.\\noutatne\\nNantes; but this, though it was to appear again\\nlater on, was not the chief grievance of which the\\nQueen complained, for De Gie had a far higher\\ntask he was holding the future Francis I. against\\nall other possible heirs whom Anne de Bretagne\\nmight produce by marrying her daughter to a for-\\neign prince, and his position was made all the more\\ndifficult by the narrow and suspicious nature of\\nLouise de Savoie.\\nBut between De Gie and D Amboise was now\\ndivided the chief power in the kingdom, and he\\nsoon began definite negotiations for the marriage\\nof Francis with the Princess Claude. Anne de\\nBretagne, as we have seen, was actually desirous of\\ngiving her daughter to the boy who was to become\\nCharles V., and the value of De Gie s authority in\\nFrench politics may be estimated by this fact alone\\nof spirited opposition to so grave an error.\\nNor were his energies exhausted upon this one\\nstruggle. He found time to send opportune help\\nto the French army that was struggling in Italy,\\nand, though fifty-two years of age, to marry Mar-\\nguerite d Armagnac and obtain the title of Due de\\nNemours. It was owing to his exertions, too, that\\na National Infantry, some twenty thousand strong,\\nwas raised, and when the Cardinal returned in all\\nthe disappointment of his lost opportunities at", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "Obmbolde 69\\nRome, De Gie s position of confident authority in\\nFrance added one more sting to the annoyance of\\nhis own failures in Italy.\\nBut the Marechal s well-merited good fortune\\ndid not last. His son s wife and his own died with-\\nin a short interval, and in January 1504 the~ King\\nfell suddenly very ill, and was sent to Blois to\\nrecover in the healing influence of his natal air, as\\nFrancis was sent later on to Cognac, in accordance\\nwith a medical superstition for long prevalent in\\nFrance.\\nIt now became more than ever important to urge\\non the marriage of Francis and the princess, and\\nin the opposition that ensued Cardinal d Amboise\\njoined the Queen against De Gie and resolved upon\\nhis fall, making various accusations as to his un-\\nwarrantable interference with the Queen s move-\\nments; indeed, just at this time the Marechal had\\nseized two boats laden with her furniture and jewels\\nbetween Saumur and Nantes, which were on their\\nway westwards to provide a comfortable provision\\nfor the widowhood which then seemed near at hand.\\nAnne was furious, and her anger was increased by\\nthe betrothal of Francis. She at once instituted\\nproceedings against De Gie, but his character and\\nprobity were too well known for her to succeed.\\nBut the Queen would not rest without her ven-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "70 Old Ooutaifie\\ngeance, got up another trial, and condemned him\\nat the Court of Toulouse, while D Amboise looked\\non, and let justice take its course.\\nDe Gie, banished from the Court and heavily\\nfined, went into an honourable retirement at his\\nChateau of Verger, which recalled in many details\\nthe home at Blois of the King he had served so\\nwell. The process which the Queen instituted\\nagainst him proved his justification for all time, and\\npurified his memory for ever from the calumnies of\\nthe Court. He was too honest and too straightfor-\\nward for those with whom he had to come in con-\\ntact, and, like Semblanqay afterwards, he had to pay\\nthe penalty for his integrity. He reorganised the\\narmy, established a sound defence on the frontiers,\\nand invariably opposed the foreign expeditions\\nwhich wasted to so little purpose the resources of\\nthe kingdom; it is in this that his greatness con-\\nsists, for perhaps he was alone of his time in realis-\\ning that the strength of France lay in her natural\\nboundaries, and alone in devoting his energies to\\nthe unity and solidification of his country.\\nIn 1507, at the engagement of the Princess\\nClaude to Francis, then the probable heir to the\\nthrone, the enthusiastic citizens of Amboise would\\nnot be denied their usual tribute of congratulation,\\nand the Mystere de la Passion was presented with", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "(Dne (Dkapel at iSS^inbolae", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "(%mholde 71\\nso much magnificence that the town accounts were\\nin hopeless confusion for a long while afterwards.\\nFrancis I., whose long nose and slumbrous eye\\nlook down from the walls of so many chateaux of\\nTouraine, has been at Amboise for some time. The\\nreader has already been introduced to him in later\\nHfe, and to his sister, the learned Marguerite, who in\\n1 501, at the age of nine, was watching her brother,\\ntwo years younger than herself, playing with little\\nFleurange, who had just made his youthful debut at\\nBlois, and had been sent on by the King to keep the\\nyoung duke company. They played a rough kind\\nof tennis in the level spaces of the garden, using a\\nracquet weighted with lead to give more force to\\ntheir blows, or shot with bows and arrows at a white\\nmark fixed to a door, or, as the prince s strength\\ngrew with his age, a new game is introduced from\\nItaly, played with enormous hollow balls that were\\nstruck with a queer instrument of metal covered\\nwith felt and tied on the arm from wrist to elbow\\nwith leathern straps; and now, finding that four\\nmake a better game than two, Francis takes young\\nAnne de Montmorency to try conclusions with\\nBrion Chabot, who is partner to Robert de la\\nMarche.\\nTwo of the players were to turn their mimic\\nrivalry into grim earnest later on, and all were to", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "72 ULd Ooutaine\\nbe famous; perhaps they felt that even now, for\\nwhen the game is over, the little snub nose of Le\\nCamus may be seen in close proximity to the\\nlengthy face of Francis, asking the duke to make\\nhim Constable some day, when he shall have come\\ninto his kingdom; while Chabot, not to be left be-\\nhind, begs to be Admiral of France in that glorious\\nfuture when they shall help together to regenerate\\nthe world. Both had their wish, and Montmo-\\nrency, the Constable, lived sternly through the next\\nfour reigns, to die fighting in 1567 at the battle of\\nSt. Denis.\\nWith these boys there are others, too, who shall\\nbe famous in their deaths. Gaston de Foix, who\\ndied so young at Ravenna; Bonnivet, who was to\\nfall in love with the fair sister of his playmate and\\ndie upon the field of Pavia, where Fleurange, too,\\nwas taken prisoner, and used his hours of solitude\\nto write his Memoires. And watching her son with\\neyes as eager as her daughter s, and even more am-\\nbitious, is Louise de Savoie, whose short journal,\\nfull of this idolised son, gives us many details of his\\nlife at Amboise.\\nIn January 1501 she writes: About two in the\\nafternoon my king, my lord, my Cccsar, and my son,\\nwas run away with across the fields near Amboise\\nby a pony which the Marechal de Gie had given", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Obmholde 73\\nhim; the danger was so great that those present\\nconsidered it past remedy. Nevertheless God, the\\nprotector of widow women and the defence of or-\\nphans, foreseeing the future, would not abandon\\nme, knowing that had ill fortune robbed me sud-\\ndenly of my love I should have been too unhappy.\\nThis journal, which is the barest chronicle of\\nfacts and dates, the narrow record of a mean char-\\nacter, never rises into pretentious diction but when\\nspeaking of this boy on whom her whole soul rested.\\nThe strong young prince was soon to leave the\\ncastle, where his impetuous nature had often fright-\\nened others besides his anxious mother. One day\\nhe let a wild boar loose within the court, which\\nrushed madly at the flying servants, and finally\\nmade for the great staircase, where Francis was\\nwaiting and killed it with his dagger.\\nSoon after, Louise writes Mon fils partit\\nd Amboise pour etre homme de cour et me laissa\\ntoute seule there is all a mother s pathos in these\\nshort words; but the diary still contains references\\nto his visits to the castle; once when on his way to\\nGuienne against the Spaniards in 15 12, and three\\nyears later when he rides over from Chaumont with\\na thorn in his leg, from which, writes his mother,\\nhe had much pain, and I too.\\nThen after some terrible sidehghts upon the jeal-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "74 did\\noutatfie\\nousy between the Savoyard and the Breton woman,\\ncomes the triumphant entry of the death of\\nLouis XII. without male issue, and the coronation\\nof her beloved Francis. Between the births of his\\ndaughters, Louise and Charlotte, at Amboise, the\\ntidings of Marignano came to Louise. The fight\\nbegan, she writes, at five in the afternoon and\\nlasted all the night; that very day (13th September\\n15 1 5) I left Amboise to go on foot to Notre Dame\\nde Fontaines, to recommend to her him whom I\\nlove more than myself, my glorious son and my\\nvictorious Caesar, who has subdued the Helvetians.\\nOn the same day there was seen in Flanders a great\\ncomet shaped Hke a lance; the beginning of the\\nreign of Francis was crowned with military glory;\\nwe have already seen how it ended.\\nWithin the shadow of the lime trees on the ter-\\nraced garden of Amboise is a small bust of Leonardo\\nda Vinci, for it was near here that he died. His\\nremains are laid in the beautiful chapel at the cor-\\nner of the castle court, and the romantic story of\\nhis last moments at Fontainebleau becomes the sad\\nreality of a tombstone covering ashes mostly un-\\nknown and certainly indistinguishable; amongst\\nwhich, as the epitaph painfully records, are sup-\\nposed to be the remains of Leonardo da Vinci.\\nHe had been brought to Paris a weak old man of", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Cbmbotde 75\\nsixty-five, by Francis, in pursuance of a certain fixed\\nartistic policy, to which it may be noticed this for-\\ngotten and uncertain grave does but little credit.\\nTo Francis I., rightly or wrongly, is given the\\nglory of having naturalised in France the arts of\\nItaly; to him is due the architecture built for ease\\nand charm which turned the fortress into a beautiful\\nhabitation, which changed Chambord from a feudal\\nstronghold to a country seat, and which left its\\ntraces at Amboise, as it did at Chaumont and at\\nBlois. He found in France the highest and most\\nbeautiful expression of the work of the great un-\\nnamed race of master-masons; he found the\\ntraditions of a national school of painting, the work\\nof Fouquet and the Clouets, but for these he cared\\nnot;^ for him the only schools were those of Rome\\nand Florence, and though by encouraging their\\nFor an account of Fouquet, see chapter on the Dukes of\\nOrleans. Jehan Clouet, called Janet, was Court painter to\\nFrancis I. after 1518, and died in 1540. His painting is nota-\\nble for its simplicity and delicacy. His best known works\\nare the equestrian portrait of Francis (on parchment), in the\\nUffizi, and the half-length on panel at Versailles. There is\\nalso a portrait of the Princess Marguerite in the Royal In-\\nstitution by him, though it is usually attributed to Holbein,\\nwith whom the school of the Clouets was contemporary.\\nThere are other fine examples of their work at Hampton\\nCourt, notably the Dauphin Francis. The most famous of\\nthe family, Francois Clouet, was born at Tours, and the castles\\non the Loire contain several examples of his work.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "76 did\\noutatne\\nimitation he weakened the vital sincerity of French\\nart, yet from his first exercise of royal power the\\nconsistency always somewhat lacking in his politics\\nwas shown clearly and firmly in his taste for art.\\nOnly the pupils of the other great masters were\\nto be had from Italy so Giovanni Battista Rosso\\n(known in France as Maitre le Roux), who had\\nstudied under Michael Angelo, came to Paris for a\\nsufficient inducement. The Raphaelesque figures\\nof Francesco Primaticcio soon presented a contrast\\nto Le Roux s more vigorous handling, and the\\nquarrel between the two artists, which only ended\\nin Rosso s suicide, was still more embittered by the\\narrival of the masterly and impudent Benvenuto\\nCellini, whose extraordinary autobiography gives\\nmany piquant details of his stay in France.\\nBut while the King was employing his Italians\\nupon Fontainebleau, Jean Bullant was already at\\nwork, who built Ecouen for the Constable,^ and\\n1 Jean Bullant was the last of the old master-masons and\\nthe first of the great architects of France. Of the palace he\\nbegan in Paris for Catherine de Medicis nothing is left but a\\nlarge Doric column, now attached to the modern Halle aux\\nBles. The Queen used to climb up its staircase to consult the\\nstars. With Bullant at Ecouen was Goujon, who began life\\nas a simple mason under Maitre Quesnel, and began a long\\nfriendship with Pierre Lescot by working with him at the\\nRood Screen of St. Germain I Auxerrois. His best works\\nare the Diane Chasseresse, and the statues of the Hotel Car-\\nnavalet.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "uhmbolde 77\\nGoujon, who was to carve the Diane Chasseresse\\nfor Anet. The truly original art of these men, some\\nof whom had need of help, some of whom, like\\nLescot, the Sieur de Clagny, were strong enough to\\nstand alone, went on its own way untouched by the\\nforeign influences which Francis brought from\\nItaly, or only using the best of the ideas which the\\nforeign workmen brought them.\\nThe whole question of the position of Francis in\\nthe movement of the Renaissance is far beyond the\\nscope of these chapters, but three things at least\\nseemed clear to us as we stood by the tomb of\\nLeonardo at Amboise that there was a strong\\nnational school of sculpture, of painting, and of\\narchitecture in France that deserved more encour-\\nagement from the French King than it obtained;\\nthat the first pure dream of art from Italy by\\nwhich the spirits of this older school were touched,\\nwas worth far more both to the nation and to the\\ninterests of art than the decadence of the Italy which\\nFrancis brought to Paris; and finally, that if the\\nKing so far neglected the greatest of all those whom\\nhe invited to his Court, the most accomplished and\\nmost varied intellect the world has ever seen, he can\\nhave had but little true appreciation of the foreign\\ntalent for whose sake he neglected the vigorous\\nschools of art and industry at home.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Chmbolde oke (oondpizac^j", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVI\\nAMBOISE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE CONSPIRACY\\nNe presche plus en France une Evangile armee,\\nUn Christ empistole, tout noirci de fumee,\\nProtant un morion en teste, et dans sa main\\nUn large coutelas rouge de sang humain.\\nDiane de Poitiers does not seem to have cared\\nmuch for Amboise, so the reign of Henry H. does\\nnot come into its story, but with the boy who fol-\\nlowed Henry to the throne begins the most terrible\\nscene in the history of the castle.\\nIn November 1559, Marie Stuart was riding into\\nAmboise with her young husband, Francis II.,\\nbarely fifteen years of age, beneath the bright crisp\\nsunshine of a winter in Touraine, through gaily-\\ndecorated streets filled with a crowd of men and\\nwomen cheering the new King and his northern\\nbride. Five months afterwards Marie Stuart rode\\nthrough the same streets again, with none to watch\\nher but armed men, the doors and windows of the\\nhouses closed, and only here and there a gibbet or a\\ncorpse by way of decoration. For the little town\\nhad suddenly become the centre of a widespread\\nVol. II\u00e2\u0080\u0094 6 81", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "82 Old (bouzaine\\nmovement a movement which had begun many-\\nyears ago, and gradually gathered force almost un-\\nseen and unappreciated by the Court, until at last\\nit broke suddenly and terribly into view with the\\nconspiracy of Amboise.\\nThe strangely new doctrines of Calvin had begun\\nto penetrate Touraine soon after Francis I. had\\nbrought the Italian Renaissance into France, and\\nthe queer cave dwellings in the rocks of St. Georges\\nand Rochecorbon already concealed hermits with\\ntendencies too revolutionary and unorthodox to be\\nsheltered in ordinary resting-places. But the full\\nconsequences of the spread of the new doctrines did\\nnot become apparent until later, and it was not until\\nthe accession of a mere child to the throne that the\\nfeeling to which those doctrines had given rise\\njoined itself to a more definite political grievance,\\nand became the expression of an actual party in\\nthe kingdom.\\nAt the death of Henry II. the influence of the\\nGuises became paramount at Court, and it was the\\npolicy of Catherine to join their party and to secure\\nthe additional support of the Constable Montmo-\\nrency, whose nephews. Admiral Coligny and his\\nbrother D Andelot, were in the opposition with the\\nBourbon princes, Antoine, King of Navarre, the\\nPrince of Conde, and the Cardinal de Bourbon. It", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "Cbmboide oke Goadpttac^ 83\\nwas therefore necessary, if the Guises were to have\\na free hand, that the ground should be first cleared,\\nand Catherine was persuaded to send the Bourbon\\nprinces and their following away from Court. At\\nthe same time began fresh rehgious persecutions,\\nwith a vigour encouraged by the promises which the\\nCardinal de Guise had made to his foreign allies, to\\nroot out once and for all the troublesome heresy\\nfrom France. Already the persecutions had devel-\\noped into a reign of terror which began with half-\\ndrunken slaughters in the Rue Marais and lasted all\\nthe winter, and the iniquitous trial of Du Bourg at\\nlength frightened the Huguenots into writing for\\nhelp to the Bourbons; the opposition in politics was\\nthus brought into relations with the opposition in\\nreligion, and gained in strength from its new ally.\\nCatherine had characteristically promised help to\\nthe Huguenots, without the faintest intention of\\ngiving any assistance, and had even gone so far as\\nto tell Coligny that she would see and listen to a\\nclergyman of the reformed religion whom he would\\nsend her. As a matter of fact she was completely\\nin the power of the Guises, and it was against this\\npower, which was already felt and resented in wider\\ncircles than those immediately about the Court,\\nthat the first blow was to be aimed, for the greatest\\nindignation had been aroused throughout the king-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "84 did\\nouzattie\\ndom by their flat refusal to summon the States-\\nGeneral.\\nMeanwhile the King suddenly grew weaker than\\never, and was ordered by his physician to spend the\\nwinter and spring at Blois, where terrible rumours\\nbegan to be circulated as to the methods to be em-\\nployed for his recovery/ During his illness oc-\\ncurred the mysterious murder of the President,\\nAntoine Minard, in Paris. He was a partisan of\\nthe Guises, and they at once made swift reprisals.\\nDu Bourg was condemned and burnt at St. Jean en\\nGreve.^ The Huguenots could wait no longer, and\\nthey found themselves irreparably joined to the\\ngreat party of the Discontented, which now con-\\ntained three main elements, the first imbued with\\nan honest zeal for their religion, and with a\\nthoroughly sincere devotion to their country and\\ntheir King; the second, mainly composed of the\\nmore ambitious spirits eager for some change from\\nthe present miserable state of afifairs; the third,\\neager for vengeance on the Guises, both for public\\nand for private reasons.\\nHe was supposed, absolutely without foundation, to be\\ndesirous of bathing in the blood of infants to remove the\\nblotches on his skin. See the Memoires of Louis Regnier de\\nla Planche, from whom in the main the following account of\\nthe conspiracy is taken, in combination with the testimony of\\nVieilleville and of De Castelnau.\\nSee Bib. Nat. Estampes, Hist, de Fr. reg. Q. b. 19.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Ubmkoide (jfie Gondpitaci/ 85\\nMoved by these various feelings the Huguenot\\nparty went for counsel to their natural leaders, the\\nPrinces of the Blood, qui sont nes en tel cas legi-\\ntimes magistrats, and their cause was at once taken\\nup by Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Conde. The\\ngist of their demands was, to oust the usurpers, to\\nget hold of the persons of Frangois, Due de Guise,\\nand of his brother Charles, the Cardinal, and then\\nto try them for their many sins before the States-\\nGeneral, which would be immediately summoned.\\nThe difficulty lay in the first move; but a man\\nwas forthcoming at the crisis, a certain gentleman\\nfrom Perigord, Godefroy de Barry, Seigneur de la\\nRenaudie, who at. once proffered his services, and\\nbent so keenly to his task that in a few weeks a\\ngreat assembly of nobles was being secretly held at\\nNantes to discuss the plan of action. All treason-\\nable attempts against the King himself were from\\nthe first distinctly repudiated. The first resolution\\nof the assembly ran as follows Protestation faite\\npar le chef et tons ceux du conseil, de n attenter\\naucune chose contre la majeste du roi, princes du\\nsang, ni Etat legitime du royaume.\\nLe chef was of course Conde, and his name of\\nchef muet had a distinct meaning in the plan of\\nthe conspiracy to his party he was a leader, to\\nthe Court he was dumb and it was with the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "86 Old Ooutaine\\ndistinct approval of his party that he went into\\nAmboise later on, to give them assistance from\\nwithin, when it should be needed, without arousing\\nthe suspicion of the Guises. Neither he nor his\\nfriends imagined the terrible position in which he\\nwas to be placed.\\nThe council at Nantes further resolved that on\\nthe loth of March (1560) the Guises should be\\nseized at Blois. De Castelnau Avas given command\\nof the Gascons, and captains were similarly ap-\\npointed for the levies that were to come from every\\nprovince.^\\nThe whole project was very properly condemned\\nby the far-seeing ministers of Geneva as being im-\\npossible without treasonable practices. The King,\\nif he was to be taken out of the power of the Guises,\\nmust presumably be handed over to Conde; but the\\nremonstrance came too late. The movement went\\non and grew in strength, people came together with\\nthe idea of presenting their grievances to the King,\\nin all confidence marching without much mystery\\nand by every road to the Loire, many without know-\\ning of the plot of La Renaudie or ever having heard\\nhis name: this is most clearly seen from the fact\\nthat his death did not stop the others gathering from\\n1 For a list of the Captains and Provinces in the plan of the\\nConspiracy, see Mezeray, iii. 18 (fol. 1685).", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "(%mboide ^he (Sotidpitaci/ 87\\nall round, intent on getting audience from the King\\nin spite of the hated Guises, and the swift executions\\ndid not stay the tide that kept pouring in from the\\nwoods only to be mercilessly killed.\\nWhile making his preparations in Paris La Re-\\nnaudie lodged with one Des Avenelles, who was\\nsupposed to be a Huguenot, but who disclosed as\\nmuch as he could discover of the whole affair to\\nthe secretaries of Duke Francis and the Cardinal.\\nThe Guises were thunderstruck at the extent of\\nthe conspiracy; they had always suspected the\\nChatillons, but they could not understand this\\nwidespread movement. Their ally, the King of\\nSpain, was far better informed. Coligny, D An-\\ndelot, and Conde had all been in communication\\nwith Elizabeth, and Anabaptists, Calvinists, and\\nHuguenots in England, in Switzerland, and in Ger-\\nmany, were all vaguely conscious that some at-\\ntempt was to be made.\\nIn fear for the King s safety for they realised as\\nwell as their opponents the importance of the royal\\nperson they hurriedly moved the Court from\\nBlois to what was considered the far safer fortress\\nof Amboise, where, as a matter of fact, the castle\\nwas almost without troops or stores, where the town\\nwas full of Protestants, and Tours hard by was hos-\\ntile or indiflferent. With three hundred resolute", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "88 did S.\\noutatne\\nmen La Renaudie might have succeeded yet, but he\\nwas fettered by advices from Nantes, fatally hin-\\ndered by the number of his accomplices, and ended\\nby waiting too long for the decisive stroke.\\nThe Guises had at any rate the merit of swiftly\\nrealising the emergency of the situation. They\\nsent out messengers in every direction calling for\\nhelp; they did their utmost to arouse popular\\nhatred against the Huguenots by numberless ac-\\ncusations fabricated with the utmost disregard for\\ntruth; finally, they tried to get hold of the chiefs of\\nthe conspiracy.\\nThe Admiral and his brother came immediately\\nthey were summoned, and the Guises got nothing\\nbut very plain speaking from Coligny. They\\nwere disgusted, said he, that the affairs of the\\nState should be wholly managed by persons whom\\nmen considered to be foreigners; what was needed\\nwas a good edict in clear, significant, and unam-\\nbiguous terms that both parties should be bound\\nto keep.\\nConde came in too; not seduced this time by the\\nattractions of the escadron volant, though Cath-\\nerine doubtless put him down among her many vic-\\ntims, but of his own free will, to brave out the\\nGuises and call an assembly of the States-General\\nwhen the plot was over.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "ubftitolde ohe Gotidpltac^ 89\\nThe day for the attempt had been fixed afresh for\\nthe 1 6th of March. Young Ferrieres was to go first\\nto the castle with some hundred men, who were to\\nbe concealed hard by, La Renaudie and De Castel-\\nnau would follow with the rest from Noizay, which\\nwas the new headquarters now the Court had\\nmoved; a signal would be given from the roof of the\\ncastle that all was going well within, and then le\\nchef muet was to speak.\\nBut most unfortunately a certain Captain Lig-\\nnieres had broken his oath and betrayed all to\\nCatherine de Medicis. The Guises then roused the\\ncountry on the plea of an attack against the King s\\nsafety, and affairs began to come to a crisis. Soon\\nafterwards the Comte de Lancerre, with a few of the\\ngarrison from Amboise, met De Castelnau in the\\nwoods and attempted to arrest him, but astonished\\nat the numbers who suddenly appeared to his assist-\\nance, they retired precipitately and rushed back to\\nAmboise shouting, Treason, help, in the King s\\nname No one looked out except a baker, who\\nshut his door again immediately, and De Castelnau\\nmight have easily secured the town by a sudden\\nattack. The Court was alarmed by the discourag-\\ning news of thirty captains and five hundred cavalry\\nwaiting with a good company of men-at-arms at\\nNoizay, and Vieilleville was asked to represent to", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "90 Old Ooiitalne\\nthem the baseness of their conduct, and offer a free\\npass to the presence of the King.\\nNothing would do, however, but the word of a\\nprince of the blood, so the Due de Nemours ap-\\npeared, and having sworn on the faith of a prince,\\non his honour, and on the damnation of his soul,\\nand having further signed with his own hand his\\nname, Jacques de Savoie, he led De Castelnau and\\nthe Huguenot deputies into the castle, all consid-\\nering it a great honour and advantage to have thus\\nfree access to the King.\\nThe inevitable result followed. They were seized,\\nthrown into prison, and tormented with hellish\\ncruelty. Chancellor Oliver was forced to explain\\nthe nature of a royal promise, and the executions\\nbegan, much to the disgust of the Due de Nemours\\nwhose word had so cynically been disregarded.\\nVieillevUle, well pleased to be out of so discredita-\\nble an affair, was sent to Orleans.\\nMeanwhile La Renaudie, hearing of the danger\\nfrom a distance, sent help; his men were all seized\\nby the Guises cavalry. By bands of tens, fifteens,\\nand twenties they were tied to the horses tails and\\ndragged in to death; the better-dressed were killed\\nat once, stripped, and left dead in the ditches. The\\nGuises felt that they were not safe yet, and they\\nresolved to play desperately for double or quits.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "(%mboide olie (oondpitacy 91\\nBut on the i8th they began to feel more assured,\\nfor La Renaudie himself, whose bravery deserved a\\nbetter fate, was shot by a servant of the Baron de\\nPardeillan, whom he had killed at the same moment\\nin a chance encounter in the woods. His body was\\ncarried to the town and hung upon the bridge with\\na placard stuck upon the neck.\\nBut the Guises still chafed at the sight of their\\nenemies within the castle. They strove to make\\nout that the conspiracy was not against themselves\\nat all, but that their name was used merely as a pre-\\ntext to abolish monarchy, to reduce France to a\\nrepubhc of Cantons, to kill off the nobility and es-\\ntablish Communism. To try and prove this they\\nmade fruitless efforts to collect evidence of treason\\nfrom Navarre, or from La Bigne, the servant of La\\nRenaudie; but they could elicit no more than the\\ntruth, that no treason against the King was\\nmeant. Their efforts succeeded better with the\\nlower classes all the scoundrels of the neighbor-\\nhood rallied to the powerful Guises. Some two\\nthousand idlers, muleteers, grooms, carters, lackeys,\\nruffians of all kinds, flocked to the rich plunder of\\narms and clothing like kites upon the carrion\\nmany peaceable merchants were robbed of their\\nclothing and all that they possessed, and murdered\\nas heretics if they offered to resist.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "92 6U So\\nuzatne\\nThe slaughter of the wretched Huguenots went\\non bravely throughout all the forest paths, and\\nmany others, says De Castelnau, were taken\\nand hanged to serve as a precedent in so strange a\\ncase; a certain number, too, were strung up to the\\nbattlements of the castle to astonish the rest. For\\na month this went on, till every cut-throat in the\\nGuises pay had made his fortune, for the country\\nswarmed with men who waited to be killed, or citi-\\nzens like those of Toulouse, who refused to move\\nbefore they had spoken with the King, and were\\nonly cured of their importunity by being hanged\\nfrom the castle windows.\\nThe young King tried to mitigate the severity of\\nthe Guises, exclaiming in horror at the punish-\\nment of so many of my poor subjects, but it was no\\nuse. Stronger heads than his had given way in the\\ncrisis. The miserable Chancellor Olivier, forced\\nagainst his will to connive at all this blood-shedding,\\nshrieked aloud as he saw the dripping hands of one\\nof the Protestant noblemen kneeling at the block\\nin fervent prayer. He was carried to his bed mor-\\ntally sick, where the Cardinal de Guise visited him\\nto check this strange weakness of an officer of the\\nCourt. Ha mauldit Cardinal, cried Olivier,\\ntu te dampnes et nous fais aussi tons damnez.\\nMy son, said the prelate, resist the Evil One.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "ubmboide ulie (jondplx-acy 93\\nSo he has come at last cried the other with a\\nhideous laugh, as he turned his back upon De Guise\\nand died.\\nThe scene at the castle at this time was a terrible\\none. The passages and courts were thronged with\\nmen and women crying for justice or for mercy;\\nwhole families were to be seen in despair at the ap-\\nproaching death of a father or a husband; but no\\nenergy, no bribery, no intercession availed to stay\\nthe vengeance of the Guises; if their cruelty was\\nunparalleled, their precautions were infinite as well.\\nThe most brilliant example of their stage manage-\\nment was yet to come.\\nBeneath the walls of the castle, in full view of\\nthat iron balcony whose bars rusted blood-red still\\nguard the windows looking down upon the Loire,\\nthe scaffolds had been raised with great magnifi-\\ncence all round the square in which they stood\\nwere lines of planked seats rising in tiers from the\\nground, and filled with an expectant crowd; the\\nnight before, thousands of people had slept in the\\nfields around the town to avoid being late for the\\nsight of the morrow, the very roofs were black\\nwith sightseers, and a merry barter was carried on,\\nby the fortunate owners of houses looking out upon\\nthe square, for spaces at the windows which gave\\na good view of the block and the scaffold draped\\nin black.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "94 Old (Douxalne\\nAfter mass in the castle and the various churches\\nof the town, the lines of the Scottish guard, who had\\nbeen holding the ground since daybreak, were\\nbroken by the first of the Huguenot nobles reserved\\nfor execution before the royal presence. All those\\nwho could walked bravely forward, speaking little\\nsave to refuse the help of the Catholic monks who\\npressed the hated faith upon them to the last; many,\\nwith faces white and drawn and reddening bandages\\nabout their feet, were helped by their friends\\ntowards the place of execution; these were they\\nwho had been tortured beforehand in the dungeons\\nof Amboise.\\nThe whispers of the crowd were suddenly hushed,\\nfor from the mouths of all the prisoners rose the\\nwords of the Psalm, which Clement Marot had not\\nlong ago translated, God be merciful unto us and\\nbless us; and show us the light of His counte-\\nnance, and as the crowd heard the last notes die\\naway and followed the singers eyes with theirs,\\nthey saw a quick movement of all the prisoners\\nheads; the Prince of Conde had appeared upon the\\n1 Dieii nous soit doux et favorable\\nNous benissant par sa bonte,\\nEt de son visage adorable\\nNous fasse luire la clarte.\\nDieu, tu nous as mis a I epreuve\\nEt tu nous as examines,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "yenetal View of o^mboide\\n(Allowing tkc yaUezy ftotn vfiic/i t/ie Gouxt\\nwatched the cyxecution of the (jGuguenotd", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Cbmbolde oke bondpttaci/ 95\\ngallery above between the young Queen, Marie\\nStuart, and the Duke of Orleans, and all the gentle-\\nmen, his followers who were about to die, had\\nsaluted the prince, their chef muet. He was\\nbrave enough to give them the last satisfaction of a\\ndangerous farewell.\\nThe Court had just left the dining-hall, and had\\nbeen all led out, men, women and children, by the\\nDuke of Guise to see this last and finest execution\\nof the rebels. The ladies shuddered at first, but\\nCatherine de Medicis was there to show them the\\nconduct proper to a loyal friend of the little trem-\\nbling King, who would have turned his head away\\nbut did not dare. Behind the two Queens stood the\\nPapal Nuncio, below was the Lieutenant-General,\\nwith the marshals and their suite on horseback. The\\nwhole Court was there, as ready, apparently, for the\\nexecutions of Amboise as they had been for the\\nfetes just finished in the hall at Blois. But not all,\\nwe may at least believe, were there of their own will\\nif it be too true that the young Marie Stuart stood\\nand watched this horrible execution, she was at\\nComme I argent que Ton epreuve\\nPar le feu tu nous as affines.\\nTu nous as fait entrer et joindre\\nAux pieges de nos ennemis,\\nTu nous as fait les reins astreindre\\nDes filets oix tu nous as mis.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "96 did S.\\nowcaine\\nleast no more willing to look on than was the Prince\\nof Conde; both were forced by the iron will of the\\nGuises and the policy of the Queen-mother.\\nThe whispers of the crowd were checked again,\\nby a sign from the Due de Guise, and in the silence\\nthat followed the first name was called out,^ and\\nthe first head fell and still the Psalm that had be-\\ngun again was chanted by the knot of prisoners, and\\ngrew fainter as their number lessened and the axe\\nkept falling fast. The young King grew pale at the\\nsight of so much blood, the very headsman wearied\\nof his task, for the axe s edge was dull and blunted.\\nConde could keep still no longer, Ah, what an\\neasy task, he cried, for foreigners to seize on\\nFrance after the death of so many honourable\\nmen The Guises never forgot the words, and\\nhated the Prince until his death.\\nThe very crowd beneath them was murmuring at\\nthe sight of such unflinching courage, and as the\\nlast victim mounted to the block with the lines of\\nthe old Psalm upon his lips, there was a universal\\nmovement which even the agitated King could not\\nmisunderstand but it was too late; the Cardinal\\nhad made the fatal sign and the last head fell with\\nthe rest.^\\n1 Jean Louis Alberic, Baron de Raunay.\\n2 Michel Jean Louis, Baron de Castelnau Chalosse. The", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "Ubmholde o/ie bondptzacif 97\\nThe Guises were fairly maddened with blood;\\ngallows and scaffold were not enough for them;\\nheads were stuck upon the railings of the castle, the\\nmarkets were befouled with the dead bodies, the\\nLoire rolled thick with human corpses, the chateau\\nand the woods were crammed with dead: a man\\nwas brought in while De Guise was breakfasting,\\nhung by the neck to the window-bars, and sent with\\na stab to join the others.\\nThe whole place reeked like a shambles, so that\\nthe Queen-mother, persuaded by the softer spirits\\nof her Court, left Amboise at last, and riding\\nthrough the woods still filled with ghastly traces\\nof the massacre, carried off the young King and\\nQueen to forget the heretics in fresh riots and de-\\nbauchery at Chenonceaux/\\nOnly one among the Guises had shown any com-\\nbrother of this man had already laid down his life for the\\nroyal family at Amboise. One night when Francis I. and all\\nhis Court were in bed, the Duke of Orleans roused his com-\\npanions and made a wanton assault on the band of lacqueys\\nwho were on guard at the bridge; the duke would have been\\nkilled in the scuffle had not M. de Castelnau rushed in, re-\\nceived the blow, and died.\\n1 A huit ans et demi le pere mena son fils (Agrippa\\nd Aubigne) a Paris, et en passant par Amboise un jour de\\nfoire, il veit les testes de ses compagnons d Amboise encore\\nrecognoissables sur un bout de potence, et fut tellement esmu,\\nqu entre sept ou huit milles personnes, il s ecria lis ont\\ndescapite la France les bourreaux. CEuvres Completes de\\nd Aubigne, ed. Reaume et de Causade, p. 67.\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 7", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "98 did ^ou\\ncaine\\npassion for the martyrs, Anne d Este, the daughter\\nof Renee de France and the Duke of Ferrara, and\\nmother of Madame de Montpensier and Henri\\nle Balafre. She was at first instinctively hostile to\\nthe Florentine who had been so unexpectedly\\nraised to the throne of France, but she ended in\\nbeing weakened by her influence, and by the\\nstrength of the family into which she had married.\\nBut the Duke Francis could not completely change\\nthe gentle nature of his wife which she inherited\\nfrom the princess her mother. This is a piteous\\ntragedy, she cried to Catherine de Medicis, who\\nnoticed her faltering at the sight of the executions;\\nsome great misfortune will surely fall upon our\\nhouse in vengeance for it. Her husband rated her\\nsoundly for her weakness. The horrible scenes of\\nthe massacre of Vassy were yet to come, and pass\\nbefore her very eyes without a possibility of hin-\\ndrance, Catherine de Medicis and the Guises were\\nto have yet another wholesale slaughter, for Am-\\nboise and Vassy were not enough, and the night of\\nSt. Bartholomew was needed to satisfy them; but\\nthe assassin Poltrot justified her fears, and after her\\nhusband had been murdered, her son Henry paid\\nthe penalty for the sins of his house in the chamber\\nof the King at Blois.\\nAnd at this time the position of this extraordi-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "Uhmtolde She Gondpttactf 99\\nnary family might well have pardoned them their\\npride. The Duke Francis had gained an easy mili-\\ntary reputation at Metz and Calais, his father before\\nhim had served his country in the field and made\\nevery use of the position which his successes gave\\nhim, his mother was Antoinette de Bourbon, the\\ngreat-aunt of Henry IV., his niece, Marie Stuart,\\nwas on the throne of France. The Cardinal, his\\nbrother, absorbed the rest of the- power which\\nFrancis left untouched; he was called the Pope\\nacross the Alps, and treated his colleague at\\nRome on a basis of equality. He was as eloquent\\nin speech as he was learned in theology, and finally\\nhad absolutely under his control three great relig-\\nious orders who throughout France and Italy\\nworked his will without question.^\\nLittle wonder that when once so terribly em-\\nbarked upon a definite policy the Guises felt them-\\nselves strong enough to pursue it to the bitter end.\\nThe rank and file had been taught a sharp lesson;\\nit remained to deal with the leaders. In their rage\\nagainst the Prince of Conde, who never gave any\\njustification for their attacks, they had even sug-\\ngested to the little King that he should stab the\\n1 The reputation of this family is shown by the famous story\\nof the beggar who, as one of them passed by and gave him\\ngold, cried, Ah that must be Jesus Christ or the Cardinal\\nde Lorraine\\nl.ofC.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "100 Old\\noutatne\\nPrince with his dagger while pretending to be jest-\\ning with him, and they put down his scruples to the\\ncowardice of a half-grown child. At last they got\\nhim to summon Conde formally into the royal\\npresence, while their officials searched his baggage\\nfor incriminating evidence too much ashamed of\\ntheir mean task to look closely, and finding abso-\\nlutely nothing. The intrepid hunchbacked Prince\\nappeared at once, and demanding a full court to\\nhear what he had to say, boldly gave his accusers\\nthe lie, saving the honour of the Royal Family, and\\ndeclared himself ready to uphold his word by single\\ncombat. This straightforward method checked the\\nGuises for a time; the Duke was even compelled to\\npose as his champion, and must have looked almost\\nas ridiculous as did his accomplice, Catherine, in the\\ndisguise of a sympathiser with the reformed religion.\\nConde was allowed to go unharmed for the time,\\nand Coligny was sent to Normandy. The Consta-\\nble had managed to skilfully veil any real expres-\\nsion of opinion in Paris, by an ambiguous speech\\nthat committed him with neither party.\\nThe first terror of surprise into which the Guises\\nhad been thrown when the plot was revealed to\\nthem had shown them one thing clearly, that it was\\nimpossible to put off holding the States-General.\\nThey determined to make this distasteful necessity", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "Chmboidc ^lie bondpttact/ 101\\nfit in with the rest of their schemes, and having\\nsecured the King and the Court at Orleans, and\\nfilled the town with armed men, they proceeded to\\nentice Navarre and Conde by every means their\\nunscrupulousness suggested, to attend the meeting\\nof the Parliament. The princes of the blood came,\\nin spite of every warning; and trusting themselves\\nunhesitatingly to the protection of the King, were\\nimmediately arrested, and would have certainly been\\nexecuted but for the sudden death of Francis II.\\nThis unlooked-for contretemps ruined for the time\\nbeing the Guises combinations, and they were\\nobliged to have recourse to a fresh line of policy.\\nThe famous League was formed, and the founda-\\ntions laid for that long civil war which was meant\\nto end in the supremacy of the house of Lorraine.\\nBy skilfully posing as the party of the nation, of the\\nBourgeoisie, and the Catholic religion, and by de-\\nscribing their opponents as aristocrats who fa-\\nvoured the doctrines of the heretics, they for a\\ntime maintained the upper hand; for, though they\\nthemselves were backed by foreign help, the opposi-\\ntion could, no more than the Guises, describe itself\\nas the national party. Nor was that opposition fort-\\nunate in its leaders. Coligny alone was worthy of\\nthe cause for which he died; Navarre was fickle,\\nuseless, and untrustworthy; Conde, with all his", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "102 uLd ^owcatne\\ncourage, was but little better. It was not until\\nJeanne d Albret brought her son into the camp after\\nthe battle of Jarnac that a real leader appeared, and\\nthe party of the Politiques became the party of the\\nnation. It was not until the Leaguers were seen\\nto be the really hostile and foreign element in the\\nstruggle that in Henry of Navarre was recognised\\nthe true head of the party of France and of the\\nthrone, and the distracted kingdom at last had rest\\nunder a rule that was strong enough to crush all\\nopposition.\\nThe history of Amboise stops with this last\\ntragedy, whose progress and results we have just\\nsketched. One more conspiracy it was yet to see\\nthe results of the murder of Le Balafre at Blois\\nbut its details are of no more importance than the\\nscoundrels who engaged in it.\\nAlmost the last personage of interest whom Am-\\nboise was to receive within its walls, was Fouquet\\nthe Surintendant, who was carried here by D Artag-\\nnan after the marvellous chase and capture which\\nall readers of Dumas remember.\\nLong years after, the room from which the execu-\\ntions had been witnessed served as a prison for Abd-\\nel-Kader, many of whose suite lie buried in the gar-\\ndens. Small wonder that in such a dwelling even\\nthe lovely views across the valley of the Loire could", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "Uhmhoide S/ie (oondpltac^ 103\\nnot console them for the warmer breezes of their\\nnative land.\\nThe Franco-German war is responsible for the\\nloss of the great Bois de Cerf, which for so many-\\ncenturies had been the wonder of the Castle. In\\n1577 Girolamo Lippomano saw three men lift them\\nwith difficulty from their place; and in 1644 John\\nEvelyn writes In the ancient chapell (at Am-\\nbois) is a stag s head or branches, hung up by\\nchayns, consisting of twenty brow antlers, the\\nbeame bigger than a man s middle, and of an in-\\ncredible length. Indeed it is monstrous, and I can-\\nnot conceive how it should be artificial; they show\\nalso the ribs and vertebrae of the same beast; but\\nthese might be made of whalebone.\\nIt remained for a German soldier to discover that\\nthey were a gigantic fraud in wood. Before the\\nrude conquerors could get their booty to the\\nnext station, the famous horns had crumbled into\\na mass of worm-eaten dust.\\nAnd now this mediaeval hoax has vanished, there\\nis scarcely anything to be seen in the interior of\\nAmboise. The energies of modern proprietors have\\nbeen chiefly directed to removing the monstrosities\\nof former occupants in the last two centuries; but\\nthe work of restoration has stopped incomplete, and\\nwe could only notice with satisfaction the efforts", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "104 did B\\noutaine\\nbegun to clear away the woodwork which had been\\nbuilt up to separate the old spacious apartments into\\nmore numerous and meaner rooms. But the out-\\nside of the castle brings an ample recompense.\\nFrom no place we had yet seen were the views so\\nnumerous and so magnificent; for even the high\\nkeep of Loches lost all that Amboise gained in the\\nwide sweep of the Loire that flowed past its battle-\\nments to the Bridge of Tours, whose cathedral the\\nmore keen-sighted of us could discover to the west.\\nBefore leaving the town we strolled through the\\nshady wall along the quay to St. Denis, a cross\\nchurch with a massive central tower, in Roman-\\nesque and transitional style, with very fine detail in\\nthe carving of the pillars; and as we crossed the\\nbridge again, the Queen of Navarre s story came\\ninto our memory of the poor muleteer who, coming\\nhome from Blois, found his wife murdered at her\\ndoor, across the river. It seemed impossible to\\nleave Amboise without some terrible impression of\\nsudden death; for we were passing the very spot\\nwhere La Renaudie s body had been lifted in the\\nwind a warning to all conspirators who fail.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "-oa cJlDeine STBazgot^", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVII\\nLA REINE MARGOT\\nVoir la cour sans voir Marguerite de Valois, c est ne voir\\nni la France ni la cour.\\nBehold his bed threescore valiant men are about\\nit, they all hold swords, being expert in war: every man hath\\nhis sword girt upon his thigh because of fear in the night.\\nFrom Amboise the story of Touraine moves on to\\nBlois, from Francis II. trembling above the scaffold\\nof the Huguenots to Henry III. spurning with\\nhis foot the face of murdered Guise. Many and\\nstrange had been the changes of fortune before Le\\nBalafre s ambition met so terrible an end. The\\nConde whom we saw at Amboise had fallen at Jar-\\nnac nine years afterwards; the unstable Antoine of\\nNavarre was dead; Jeanne d Albret, the noblest\\nwoman of her time, had brought her young son\\nHenry, Prince of Beam, to be the head of the\\nHuguenot party, though he was as yet too young\\nfor much more settled policy than affection for his\\nmother and young Conde, and obedience to the\\nbrave Coligny.\\nBut into the heartbreaking struggle of the civil\\n107", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "108 did\\noutatne\\nwars we cannot enter. It is but possible for us to\\nlook swiftly at the troublous reign of Charles IX.\\nthrough the medium of the writings of another\\nMarguerite, another and the last child of Catherine\\nde Medicis, not less divine but more human in her\\nmoods than the gentle mystic sister of King\\nFrancis.\\nFrom her we shall learn the life of that Court\\nwhich still wandered so often to the pleasant castles\\nof Touraine, from the reeking atmosphere of Paris\\nand the Louvre. It is joined with her name that\\nthere first comes into prominence the young King\\nof Navarre, who shall at last bring order into the\\nchaos of conflicting parties; it is in company with\\nher that we shall hear, from very close at hand, the\\nclamour of that tocsin of St. Bartholomew, whose\\nechoes troubled every town in France; and we shall\\nbe listening to the most celebrated woman of her\\ntime, to a princess gifted with the beauty of an\\nAphrodite, the refinement of a Valois, and a loyalty\\nthat was all her own.\\nThe life of Marguerite began in the Court of\\nCatherine of Medicis, in the company of the esca-\\ndron volant and such ladies as Madame de Ne-\\nvers and Charlotte de Beaune Semblan(;ay, grand-\\ndaughter of the unhappy Semblangay, executed in\\nthe reign of Francis I., a slight, fair-haired woman,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "Jo a dlDeine Slba c^ot 109\\nby turns sparkling with vivacity and languishing\\nwith a gentle weakness, wife of Simon de Fizes,\\nBaron de Sauves, and afterwards of Frangois de la\\nTremouille, Marquis de Noirmoutier.\\nIn 1569 came news from Henry, Due d Anjou,\\nthat threw the whole Court into a bustle of prep-\\naration. A battle was imminent, and he must see\\nhis mother and the King before he fought. The\\njourney from Paris to Tours was done in three and\\na half days, and the ladies seem to have derived\\nmuch amusement from the distress caused to poor\\nCardinal de Bourbon,^ whose constitution was little\\nfitted for such unwonted exertions.\\nIt was in the park of Plessis-lez-Tours, at this\\ntime, that the childhood of Marguerite first con-\\nsciously ended, and her brother secured her help\\nand friendship by treating her as a woman grown\\nup and responsible, who should help his interests\\nwith the King and with their mother. Such lan-\\nguage, she writes, was quite new to me. My\\nlife hitherto had been quite thoughtless; my only\\ncares the dance and hunting. I had even neglected\\nmy dress and personal appearance. Her life was\\n1 Charles de Bourbon, Archbishop of Rouen, son of the\\nDuke of Vendome, called King Charles X. by the League.\\nHe would be about forty-six at this time, and died twenty-one\\nyears later.\\n2 Memoires de la Reine Marguerite, Bibl. Elzevir., P. Jannet,\\ni8=;8.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "110 uLd Ooutatne\\nhenceforth to be among the society described by\\nBrantome, whose vices it would be repulsive to\\nsuggest, whose virtues were homicide and adul-\\ntery, where no man was honoured who could\\nnot show blood on his hands, no woman admired\\nwho would not boast as loudly of the favours she\\nhad granted, as her gallants of the favours they had\\nreceived.\\nIn such a court, where ignorance was impossible,\\ninnocence was almost as rare; and this latest addi-\\ntion to the beauties of the escadron volant soon\\nreceived the approval of her companions in some\\nvery creditable scandals which were in circulation\\nabout her various intrigues almost immediately\\nafter her appearance in public. The Aurora or the\\nCytherea of the lesser poets of the Court, the\\nPasithee of Ronsard s verses, she had rapidly taken\\nher place as the acknowledged queen of the many\\nrevels of that disastrous time; and indeed at the age\\nof eighteen she seems to have easily surpassed even\\nthe loveliest sirens in that band whom Catherine de\\nMedicis had gathered round her, of the fairest faces\\nin the land, for the bewilderment of the gallant cap-\\ntains and politicians of France.\\nHer thick black hair shaded a face of brilliant\\nwhiteness, and from beneath long dark lashes her\\n1 Swinburne, Miscellanies Mary Queen of Scots p. z?^-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "jSa Soelne cJlba^^ot 111\\neyes shone suddenly as the delicate red Hps moved\\nin speech, and with words of no common kind too,\\nbut witty with the unrestrained freedom of her time,\\nand with a learning whose facility and skill were a\\nperpetual amazement to her companions.\\nSmall wonder that her name soon was whispered\\nin connection with that of the leader of the Catholic\\nparty, Henri de Guise, the head of the faction with\\nwhom she was thrown most in contact. At twenty-\\ntwo years of age the young Duke of Guise had well-\\nnigh reached the level of his father Francis s fame;\\nthe height and elegance of his figure, the natural\\nmajesty of his looks and bearing, seemed to confirm\\nthe popular opinion which already idolised the son\\nof the great captain, and which was to support him\\nafterwards in his ambitious and ill-fated struggle for\\nthe throne of France.\\nUnfortunately for Marguerite, her own Memoires\\nare not the only sources open to us for information\\nas to her character and her methods; but it seems\\nfairly clear that this, probably her first, love was at\\nany rate sincere. She can as little hide her admira-\\ntion for De Guise at this time, as she can conceal\\nher passionate feelings for the brave Bussy\\nd Amboise later on; and she deserves at least such\\ncompassion from her judges as shall be always given\\nto a nature keenly susceptible, little liking restraint,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "112 0U\\noutatne\\nand sacrificed mercilessly upon the altar of political\\nnecessity.\\nHer vexation at the insinuations of Du Guast at\\nthis time brought on a fever, in which she was\\ntended by her favourite brother the King; for the\\nroyal physicians had themselves been stricken with\\nthe disorder. To rid herself of similar persecution\\nin the future, she besought her sister Claude, now\\nDuchess of Lorraine, to arrange the marriage of\\nHenri de Guise with Catherine de Cleves, Princesse\\nde Porcian, which was celebrated in 1571. The\\nHouse of Lorraine was already but too closely con-\\nnected with the royal family; any further alliance\\nwas impossible.\\nBut other reasons, still more important, had\\nalready settled the destinies of Marguerite. Peace\\nhad been made with the Huguenots after Jarnac\\nand Montcontour; and an attempt at securing the\\nhead of the rebel party by a close alliance with the\\nthrone was only what might have been expected\\nfrom the characteristic political methods of Cather-\\nine. It was even rumoured that unless prompt\\nmeasures were taken, the young Bearnais would\\nsoon be betrothed to the English Elizabeth, for\\nHe was assassinated in 1575. No writer of the sixteenth\\ncentury would have deprived Marguerite s reputation of the\\nhonour of his death, so it is put down to her.\\n2 See M. H. de la Ferriere, Le XVIme Siecle et les Valois.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "Jha c/oelne (yJoaz^ot 113\\nwhom Catherine had already arranged, in her own\\nmind, a match with the Due d Anjou. The King\\nwas as determined as the rest, and spoke with some\\nlevity of the tardiness with which the Pope gave his\\napproval. Margot should be married at any cost,\\nand his own royal hand should give her away.\\nThe opposite party in politics were equally de-\\nlighted, and Jeanne d Albret, after her first and very\\nnatural disgust at the habits of the Court, managed\\nthe negotiations with a skill and intrepidity which\\ndeserved a better fate; for after returning to Paris\\nfrom her visit to the Court in Touraine, she sick-\\nened suddenly and died of a pleurisy, so it was\\ngiven out; but rumours were persistently spread\\nthat her death was owing to the scent of some gloves\\nskilfully prepared by Rene, the Queen s Florentine\\nperfumer; and these reports gained credence from\\nthe fact that Ambroise Pare, in his examination of\\nthe body, was forbidden to look at the brain, the\\nsole organ that Rene s poisons would have touched.\\nBe this as it may, Jeanne d Albret was too good a\\nwoman for her existence to be long tolerated; her\\nhonesty, like Semblangay s long before, was too\\ntransparent, her truth too courageous, for life\\namong the Court of Catherine de Medicis, and when\\nher duty to her son brought her into contact with\\nthat Court, she was only allowed to live long enough\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 8", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "114 GLd Oowcaine\\nto complete the negotiations, and not too long for\\nthe interests of the Queen-mother. She is one of\\nthe few women of her time whose death it is pos-\\nsible, for every reason, to regret/\\nIn August 1572 the marriage of Henry of\\nNavarre to Marguerite de Valois was celebrated\\nwith great splendour at the Louvre; and surely\\nthere was never a festival at which political necessity\\nso triumphed over human feelings, not only in the\\nprincipal pair concerned, but in nearly all the spec-\\ntators. For the young King of Navarre had to\\nstifle his genuine grief for his mother s sudden\\ndeath, his wife had to conceal her own passions be-\\nneath the mask of a proper conjugal affection, no\\nless had Conde to forgive D Anjou his father s mur-\\nder, and the young Due de Guise to forget Poltrot\\nde Mere. Opinions were strangely divided, for\\neven the Catholics themselves realised that some-\\nthing more was in progress than they could fathom,\\nand the Huguenots still felt uneasy, they knew not\\n1 It will be remembered that Jeanne was the daughter of\\nour first Marguerite d Angouleme, Queen of Navarre, the\\nauthor of the Heptameron. It was for Isabeau, her fascinating\\naunt, that Clement Marot, a favourite with her mother, wrote\\nsome of his most charming lines.\\nElle a tres bien cette gorge d albastre,\\nCe doux parler, ce cler teint, ces beaux yeux,\\nMais en effet ce petit ris folastre\\nC est, k mon gr^, ce qui lui sied le mieux.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Joa c/aeine (y/Oat^ot 115\\nwhy. So little could the Princess conquer her re-\\npugnance at the last moment to the marriage forced\\nupon her, that the King was obliged with his own\\nhand to bend her head down in token of assent\\nduring the ceremony. Neither husband nor wife\\ntreated that ceremony as anything save the mockery\\nit really was; and they went their own way, bound\\nyet divided, to the end.\\nThe sole link that ever bound them was the same\\npolitical necessity which had first brought about\\ntheir marriage; and to this political necessity\\n(though to this only) Marguerite remained for ever\\nloyal. Her husband was no very brilliant example\\nof conjugal fidelity; and the accepted lover of\\nMadame de Sauves could not severely criticise the\\nmistress of De Guise.\\nThus their strange married life began. The first\\ninterruption to the fetes and dances was the acci-\\ndent to Coligny, when he was wounded in the\\nshoulder by Maurevel s pistol-shot from a window\\nin the Louvre. It was connected by public opinion\\nwith the old ill-founded quarrel between Guise and\\nColigny about the murder of Duke Francis; and\\nfor a while all seemed quiet again.\\niThe original still exists (Bib. Nat. MS. F. 209, fo. 37) of\\nthe act by which the children of Duke Francis accept the\\nKing s decree as to the innocence of Coligny of their father s\\nmurder by Poltrot.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "116 OLd Oouzaine\\nWhat followed is a matter of history too well\\nknown, too wide in scope, for these chapters to\\nrelate. We can but look upon one small part of the\\ngreat tragedy of St. Bartholomew, the part that\\ncame beneath the actual notice of Marguerite, so\\nlately married, and from that infer the horrors of\\nthe rest.\\nThe resolution to massacre the Huguenots was\\ntaken on the 23d of August 1572. Catherine s sole\\nobject seems to have been to allow both parties to\\ncut each other s throats and leave the throne the\\nstronger for their fall. Marguerite tells us what\\nreally turned the brain of the poor passionate King\\nThe Huguenots were coming to accuse Guise\\nof attempting Coligny s murder. De Retz had to\\nexplain who were the real culprits, with hints per-\\nhaps of another Sicilian Vespers, and other such\\ninventions as the Italians with Catherine de Medicis\\nwould employ to fire Charles s unsteady imagina-\\ntion. He suddenly and wildly gave his consent,\\nand at four the next morning Besme, the brutal\\nfollower of the Guises, had thrown Coligny s corpse\\nfrom the upper window to the feet of his master, who\\nstood waiting in the court.\\nOf all this Marguerite was told nothing. Her\\nfirst suspicion of the truth came as she went to bed\\non the night of the council. Her sister Claude", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "JL a cJoeine yT6at.^ot 117\\nclung to her with tears, beseeching her not to go;\\nbut Catherine sternly bade her twice to be off to\\nher own room. Arrived there, and praying to be\\nsaved from the unknown dangers which she felt\\naround her, she found the husband she had married\\nbut a week ago waiting upon his bed, who ordered\\nher to lie down. This I did, she writes, and\\nthen found that his bed was surrounded by some\\nthirty or forty Huguenots whom I did not know;\\nfor it was but a few days since my marriage. All\\nnight they talked of nothing but the mishap which\\nhad befallen the Admiral, resolving as soon as day\\nshould break to demand justice on Guise from the\\nKing, in default of which they would do justice\\nthemselves.\\nAs for me, the tears of my sister continued to\\ntrouble my heart, and I could not sleep for the fear\\nwhich she had given me, though of what I knew not.\\nSo the night passed, and I never closed my eyes.\\nAt daybreak the King, my husband, said that he was\\nminded to go and play tennis with King Charles,\\nand then and there to ask his justice. He left my\\nroom, and all the gentlemen with him. I saw that\\nit was day, and thinking that the peril of which my\\nsister spoke was past, being heavy with sleep, I told\\nmy nurse to shut the door that I might sleep at my\\nease. Meanwhile the tocsin which gave the sig-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "118 Old ^owcalne\\nnal for the massacre had rung from St. Germain\\nI Auxerrois, Coligny was past all human justice,\\nand the Louvre itself soon became little better than\\na shambles.\\nAn hour afterwards, goes on the Princess,\\nwhen I had fallen into a deep sleep, there came\\nsuddenly a man beating with his hands and feet\\nagainst my door, crying, Navarre, Navarre My\\nnurse, thinking it was the King, my husband, ran\\nswiftly and opened the door. It was a gentleman\\ncalled M. de Leran,^ who had a sword-thrust in the\\nshoulder, and a wound from a pike in the arm; he\\nwas pursued by four archers, and they all rushed\\nafter him into my room. He threw himself upon\\nmy bed for safety. Feeling his hold upon me I\\nthrew myself into the space between the bed and\\nthe wall; he followed, keeping fast hold of my body.\\nI knew nothing of the man, and could not discover\\nwhether he was there to harm me, or whether the\\narchers were in pursuit of him or of myself; so both\\nof us cried out, the one as frightened as the other.\\nAt last, by God s will, M. de Nanqay, Captain of the\\nGuard, came in, and finding me in such a plight\\ncould not, for all his pity, stay his laughter; with\\n1 Readers of Dumas know better; it was La Mole flying from\\nCoconnas and the rest, and taking refuge with the woman who\\nwas afterwards to give him her love, as she gave him pity\\nnow. Compare the scene in La Reiiie Margot.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "JLya cJi eine cJIba c^ot 119\\nsharp reprimands to the archers for their indiscre-\\ntion he ordered them forth, and granted me the life\\nof the poor man who still was clasping me him I\\nmade to lie down, and gave him remedies in my\\nown cabinet until such time as he was quite cured.\\nWhile I changed my clothes, for I was all covered\\nwith blood, M. de Nangay told me what was going\\non, and assured me that my husband was in the\\nKing s chamber and would suffer no harm. Mak-\\ning me put on a dressing-gown, he led me to the\\nroom of my sister, the Duchesse de Lorraine, where\\nI came more dead than alive; for as I crossed the\\nante-chamber, whose doors were wide open, a gen-\\ntlen*an named Bourse, flying from the archers who\\npursued him, was run through within a few paces\\nfrom me. I fell half-unconscious into the arms of\\nM. de Nanqay on the other side, thinking for the\\nmoment that the same blow had wounded both of\\nus.\\nIn her sister s bedroom she begged for the lives\\nof two gentlemen in her husband s suite, which\\nwere with difficulty granted her; others were less\\nsuccessful, for the King s brain had given way at\\nthe sight of blood, and he was little better than a\\nmadman. The scenes outside the Louvre were\\nworse still. Tavannes was slaying like a butcher;\\nMontpensier like a fanatic; De la Rochefoucauld,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "120 Old\\noutatne\\nwho thought the whole thing one more of the wild\\nKing s jests, had his throat cut in the middle of a\\nscream of laughter; few like young Caumont de la\\nForce were so fortunate as to escape, sheltered be-\\nneath the dead bodies of his brother and his father.\\nThe harvest of death went on, throughout Paris,\\nthroughout France, until the whole nation seemed\\nsmitten as by a pestilence. Coligny, the one pure-\\nminded politician-soldier, was murdered; Goujon,\\nthe artist, was killed even at his work; Ramus, the\\nphilosopher, was dead; L Hopital had died of grief;\\nafid the morality, the religion of the nation was dead\\nwith them. A week after the massacre a great\\nflock of crows and ravens settled upon the Louvre,\\nand for days afterwards the King seemed to hear\\nthe shrieks of dying men around the palace.\\nSome annoyance was felt that, amid all this blood-\\nshedding, both Navarre and Conde had come forth\\nscot-free, and the plots began again; but Margue-\\nrite would not desert her husband, or consent to a\\ndivorce. La Mole and Coconnas, puppets in the\\nhands of stronger wills, paid for their loyalty with\\ntheir lives, and the sadness of Marguerite grew\\ndeeper still at the loss of her favourite brother, the\\nKing, tout I appuy et support de ma vie, un frere\\nduquel je n avois receu que bien. The next reign\\nbelongs to other chapters, but there are one or two", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "Jo a cJoeine cwoaz^ot 121\\nmore pages of the Memoires of Marguerite, one or\\ntwo more incidents in her Hfe, which cannot be\\npassed over.\\nIt is in 1574 that the brave Bussy d Amboise\\nis first mentioned. He was born, she says, to\\nbe the terror of his enemies, the glory of his master,\\nand the hope of his friends; and there is little\\ndoubt that he helped to console Marguerite for her\\nhusband s absence; it was only five years afterwards\\nthat his love for the Countess of Montsoreau was\\nso terribly punished by her husband. But political\\nreasons again proved superior to sentiment in the\\nlife of this somewhat hardly-used princess.\\nLife at the Court became unbearable when war\\nhad been openly declared against her husband out-\\nside, so she left Paris to help the affairs of her\\nbrother D Alenqon in Flanders.\\nI travelled, she tells us, in a litter made with\\npillars covered with pink Spanish velvet, broidered\\nwith gold, and adorned with devices worked in silk;\\nthe litter was fitted with glass too, and covered with\\ndevices, some forty of them, all speaking of the\\nsun and of its effects.\\nThey went to Liege by way of the Meuse in\\ncharming boats, but the pleasure of the whole party\\nwas suddenly stopped by unforeseen disasters first\\nby the rising of the river, which obliged them all to", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "122 6li S.\\nowcatne\\nfly for safety up the mountain-side, and then by the\\nsudden illness of a maid-of-honour, Mademoiselle\\nde Tournon. For the romantic story of this young\\nlady s love and death, the tender-hearted reader is\\nreferred to Marguerite s own words; they would\\nlose too much in the rendering to permit of their\\ntranscription here/\\nThe account of her journey continues to be full\\nof interest. Huy, some six miles from Liege,\\nproves a most inhospitable resting-place, for they\\ndrew chains across the streets, and pointed cannon\\nat the Princess s lodging all the night. At Dinan,\\nfarther on, the burgomasters had just been elected,\\ntout y estoit ce jour la en debauche, tout le monde\\nyvre; and Marguerite s cortege was kept outside\\nthe gates while the drunken citizens threw away\\ntheir cups and seized what arms were near to oppose\\nher entry. At last she rose in her litter, took ofif her\\nmask, and beckoned to the most important of them\\n1 Notice particularly the scene where her ungrateful lover\\nmeets her corpse being borne out for burial; he is told that it\\nis Mademoiselle de Tournon a ce mot, il se pasme et tombe.\\nII le fault emporter en un logis comme mort, voulant plus\\njustement, en cette extremite, luy rendre union en la mort, que\\ntrop tard en la vie il luy avoit accordee. Son ame, que je\\ncrois, allant dans le tombeau requerir pardon a celle que son\\ndesdaigneux oubly y avoit mise, le laissa quelque temps sans\\naucune apparence de vie d oii estant revenu, I anima de nou-\\nveau pour luy faire esprouver la mort, qui d une seule fois\\nn eust assez puni son ingratitude.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "Jo a cJloelne cy/uaz^ot 123\\nthat she wished to speak with him. After some\\ntrouble it was arranged that part of her escort\\nshould be allowed with her inside the town.\\nUnluckily, a servant of the bishop s was recog-\\nnised among them and the Bishop of Liege was\\nan especial foe so in a moment all was tumult and\\ndisorder again. A drunken deputation came up to\\nMadame la Princesse, apparently with the object of\\nprotesting against the bishop, but scarcely able to\\nutter anything intelligible at all. The oldest of\\nthem, stuttering and smiling, asked her whether\\nshe was a friend of the Comte de Lalain, and her\\nanswer that she was not only friend but relation too,\\nrestored everything to a complacent state of baccha-\\nnalian friendship. During the night the poor\\nPrincess s enemies were active. Du Bois, the\\nKing s agent, had arrived, and was hard at work\\nplotting to get Marguerite into the power of the\\nSpaniards, and the town into the hands of Don\\nJuan.\\nBut her good friends the burgomasters, having\\nslept off their wine, had not forgotten their prom-\\nises of friendship, and helped her willingly to escape.\\nSo when Du Bois arrived to lead her to Namur, with\\nfeigned complaisance she left the town in his com-\\npany, with several hundreds of the citizens escorting\\nher as well; and by dint of carefully watching and", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "m 0Ld\\noutaitie\\ntalking to him, she managed to progress in exactly\\nthe opposite direction, to embark herself and her\\nlitters on the river, and finally to put the stream\\nbetween her followers and the Spaniards, much to\\nDu Bois s disgust, who only realised too late the\\ncool audacity of the whole proceeding, and was left\\nstorming with anger on the wrong bank amid an\\namused crowd of citizens from Dinan. With many\\nmore adventures she at last travelled by way of\\nCambresis and Chastelet to her own La Fere, where\\nher brother was waiting for her.\\nBut they were soon obliged to return to Paris to\\nthe old intrigues; they arrived in time for St. Luc s\\nmarriage with Jeanne de Brissac, at which D Anjou\\nwas so insulted by the mignons of the King.\\nThe Prince s situation at the Court had become in-\\ntolerable again, and Marguerite began to plot for\\nhis escape. With some difficulty she managed to\\nlet him down from a window in the Louvre with a\\nrope ladder; it became necessary to conceal all\\ntraces of the flight, so her maids put the ladder on\\nthe fire; it made so great a blaze that the chimney\\nitself caught, and in a few moments the royal archers\\nwere clamouring at the door to be let in, and extin-\\nguish the blaze. They were with difficulty prevailed\\non to leave the princess asleep, and let her maids\\nput out the fire, and so the danger passed. At last", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "Jo a cJljeine alba C^ot 125\\nMarguerite herself left the Court for Gascony et\\nce petit Geneve de Pau, where she found her hus-\\nband ill, and nursed him tenderly. Several months\\nat Nerac followed ou nostre cour estoit si belle et\\nsi plaisante, que n envions point celle de France.\\nIf reports were right, Chancellor Pibrac helped the\\nPrincess to pass the time here; and Chicot has left\\nupon record how the young Turenne (then Due de\\nBouillon) was also gracefully allowed to fall in love\\nwith her catholic-minded majesty; Henry himself\\nbeguiled the time with La Fosseuse, and the war\\nthat followed could have borne no more appropriate\\nname than that of La Guerre des Amoureux.\\nIt ended in the treaty of Fleix. And after the\\nfailure of her favourite brother s expedition in Flan-\\nders, and his death (from the fatal bouquet of Diane\\nde Montsoreau), Marguerite returned to Nerac\\nfrom her short visit to the Court in 1583, and left\\nher husband again after his excommunication by\\nthe Pope two years later. A short and stormy visit\\nto Agen followed, and then she disappears within\\nthe Chateau d Usson, one of the old prisons of Louis\\nXL in Auvergne. Here the civil wars of 1588\\npassed her by unharmed, though two years later the\\nroyal troops of her husband chased the Leaguers\\nfrom the field before her very eyes; and so for many\\nmore years the actual Queen of France lived in", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "126 Old ^i\\noiL caine\\nseclusion, refusing constantly to grant her husband\\na divorce while Gabrielle d Estrees is living, but\\nafter her death (in 1599) consenting to the Italian\\nmarriage.\\nThough she came again to Paris, she still lived\\nin close retirement until her death some sixteen\\nyears later a retirement which, by her friends, is\\ncalled a literary and cultured retreat; by her ene-\\nmies a debauch of wickedness sheltered by the\\nseclusion of her various palaces; and of a like mixed\\nnature is the estimate of her character that has been\\nhanded down to us.\\nAs her beauty is of that mould which was\\napparently more in favour three centuries ago than\\nnow, so her morals can with even greater difficulty\\nbe made to conform with any modern standard of\\ndecorum; but as a type of the Court lady of her\\ntime she is unapproachable. With an accurate\\nknowledge of the powers her beauty gave her, and\\na careful economy of its resources, she tried to live\\nout, according to her knowledge, that life of senti-\\nment, of passion, of sheer human nature, which had\\nwell-nigh been crushed out of her at the beginning\\nby the relentless policy of the Queen-mother.\\nAmidst the depravity and corruption of the most\\nshameless Court in Europe, her intellect and her\\nrefinement were as rare as they were worthy of", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "Joa oloelne STBat^ot 127\\nrespect; and if we had only her own Memoires to\\nguide us, our estimate of her character and her\\nworth would be a very different one ^with so much\\ngrace are they written, with so much insight and\\nskill are the events of a distracted time described.\\nSuch women as Jeanne d Albret are rare in the six-\\nteenth century; a Marguerite de Valois is needed\\nto complete the picture a woman who, to the\\nvirtues of the Valois added but a small part of their\\nvices, who of all the children of Catherine de Medi-\\ncis is the one posterity could least have spared.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVIII\\nBLOIS\\nJ avance parmi les decombres\\nDe tout un monde enseveli,\\nDans le mystere des penombres\\nA travers des limbes d oubli.\\nGautier.\\nBalzac was afraid that later generations would\\nknow nothing of the Chateau of Blois save from\\nhis pages; so far advanced, in his day, was the ruin\\nand decay of the whole fabric. But that ruin has\\nbeen suddenly and thoroughly arrested; the hand of\\nthe conscientious restorer has intervened, and that\\nwith a lavishness of display, an ingenuity of detail,\\nvery rarely equalled. The buried world, upon\\nwhich three centuries of kindly time had laid their\\ntouch, has been refashioned in a somewhat garish\\nblaze of gold and carving; there are but few\\nmysterious shadows in these brightly-coloured\\nrooms; there is but little left to fancy, to the dreams\\nof the imagination, in a reconstruction so painfully\\ncomplete.\\nYet it is difficult to find fault with that spirit of\\n131", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "132 6U B.\\nowcatne\\nalmost reverential care which has given us back the\\ngreat Castle of Pierrefonds, vi^ith all its intricacies of\\ndefence, which has restored the walls of wondrous\\nCarcassonne, which has preserved the marvels upon\\nMont St. Michel; and of the two extremes, Blois\\nis perhaps nearer to what is possible for us of per-\\nfection than is Chinon, deserted, ruined past recall.\\nTo few houses is it given as to Langeais, or Azay-\\nle-Rideau, to escape decay and yet preserve the\\nmellowed beauty of their past a beauty like the\\ngolden haze upon a famous picture, or the strange\\nbloom upon an antique marble, which is something\\ndifferent from any hues or colourings wrought by\\nthe hand of man.\\nBut at Blois no change, no renovation can check\\nthe rush of memories that press upon the traveller\\ndirectly he has crossed the threshold beneath the\\nstatue of the good King Louis, for the threefold\\nfashion of the architecture around him speaks elo-\\nquently of the three great ages through which the\\nlife of the castle has passed. The early years when\\nthe Orleans princes were educated here, and\\nValentine Visconti mourned her murdered hus-\\nband; the terrible days of the sixteenth century,\\nwhen Guise was murdered above the exquisite\\ncarvings of the central staircase; finally, the decay-\\ning glories of Gaston and his daughter, fitly framed", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "Sxteztot of (^fpital (^taUcadc at cSloid\\nin sPtti^ of ffzancid I.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "lo td 133\\nin the ruled lines and spaces of the frigid building\\nopposite the entrance.\\nThe first view of Blois from the town shows the\\noutside of the wing of Francis I., ending at the\\nright hand corner in the great tower which was half\\ndestroyed when Mansard joined his later buildings\\non to the older fabric; the whole stands on a rising\\nslope; and beneath the fine buttresses, upon which\\nthe wing of Gaston rests, the road plunges deeply\\ninto a dark ravine which winds downward to the\\nChurch of St. Sauveur, and was once the bed of a\\nstream that joined the waters of the Loire.\\nThe entrance to the chateau is to the left of\\nFrancis s wing, along a winding terrace that leads\\nto a quiet moss-grown square, the old basse-cour\\ninto which Raoul rode with letters to the prince,\\nand where the son of Charles the Poet heard the\\nsoldiers shouting that the Duke of Orleans was the\\nKing of France. There is his statue as Louis XIL\\nabove the entrance-gate,* with the badge of the\\nporcupine beneath it, which he took from the\\ncamail that his father wore at Agincourt; and\\nin the inner court, to which the gateway leads, the\\nline of lightly chiselled columns that support the\\npainted roof immediately beyond is also the work\\nNot the original, which was destroyed at the Revolution.\\nThe father of his people was not good enough.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "134 Old B.\\nowcatfie\\nof this King, who did much for the improvement of\\nthe old feudal fortress which the Dukes of Orleans\\ninherited from the Counts of Blois. The oldest\\nwork of all is on the left side of the great court, by\\nthe chapel which saw the consecration of Joan of\\nArc s banner, and the betrothal of Margot to Henry\\nof Navarre; the only other remnant of the earlier\\nfabric is the apartment in which the States-General\\nwere assembled in the reign of Henry HI. Con-\\ntrary to the general rule (says M. Viollet le Due)\\nthat all great halls in palaces or chateaux should be\\ncomposed of two floors, this one is built wholly on\\nthe ground-floor, and has no rooms beneath it; it is\\nseparated into two parts by a line of columns, and\\nroofed by a double row of vaulted arches; it is not\\nby any means an imposing room nor, indeed,\\ncould the chateau itself, in the thirteenth century,\\nhave been at all a striking edifice and it is scarcely\\nhelped by the extraordinary scheme of colour and\\npattern which the modern architect has spread\\nregardlessly over its walls.\\nThis council hall was reached by the King\\nthrough a private staircase leading from the wing\\nof Francis I., the wing to the right hand of the en-\\ntrance, whose exterior we, like La Fontaine, had\\nseen from the great square in the town outside. It\\nis this wing that contains the gem of the whole", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "lold 135\\ncastle the escalier a jour that springs, many-\\nsided, from the sculptured wall and lights up all\\nthe court with the exquisite beauty of its lines and\\ncarvings. Of the whole architecture of this wing,\\nby an unknown artist, as so often happens in Tou-\\nraine, there is an excellent description by Mrs.\\nMark Pattison.^ The main features, says this\\nwriter, are such as are common to other chateaux\\nin the valley of the Loire; but there are important\\nthough minor differences which specially individ-\\nualise it. The architectural scheme is very simple.\\nThree rows of pilasters are superimposed one above\\nthe other. At about two-thirds down the front the\\nopen spiral staircase juts out and towers upwards.\\nIt seems at first to stand free, breaking up the even\\nsuccession of small columns and their perpendicular\\ndescent with the bold projection of its octagonal\\nlines. But above, it is embraced and caught into\\nthe whole mass by the broad crowning cornice\\nwhich gathers within its strengthening bands every\\nvarious curve. The sculptured dormers fret along\\nits edge, searching the air with their pointed\\ntongues, and twice the carved cases of the chimney\\nstacks break aloft through the roof like towers, but\\nthe cornice keeps firm hold upon their base. It\\nis the grave simplicity of the wall from which the\\n1 Renaissance of Art in France, vol. i. p. 51.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "136 did\\nomatne\\nstaircase springs, the fine and choice instinct of\\nproportion which it displays, says the same writer,\\nthat mark this building as a production of the new\\nmovement, as an advance on Chenonceaux and\\nLangeais.\\nThe staircase itself is a triumph of ingenuity\\nCarved with figures strange and sweet,\\nAll made out of the carver s brain,\\na perfect whole, for which a master mind drew the\\nfirst plans, and every detail was carefully and lov-\\ningly worked out.\\nThe figures poised above the entrance, though\\nthey have been for three hundred years out of doors,\\nstill preserve the clear, firm touch of their unknown\\nsculptor s chisel, and there is little doubt that these\\nstatues are either some of the first work of Jean\\nGoujon in his youth, or are the productions of that\\nschool by which he was first and most directly in-\\nfluenced. Everything of unknown origin at this\\nperiod is generally put down to this artist, but in\\nthis case there are certain indications of style which\\nseem to lend somewhat more of certainty to a con-\\njecture usually a trifle reckless. The date of Gou-\\njon s best work is considerably later than the time\\nat which the wing of Francis I. was built; yet so\\nelaborate a piece of architecture as this staircase", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "told 137\\nmay very well have remained without the statues\\nthat completed it until long after all the surround-\\nings had been finished. There are several stones\\nin it that to this day are quite untouched, a few are\\nonly roughly chiselled out; the end of the sixteenth\\ncentury was too hurried in its methods to allow the\\nperfect completion of a structure for which, as there\\nseems reason to believe, the initial ideas may have\\nbeen sketched quite early in the reign of Francis I.\\nGoujon was born in 1520,^ and it is quite possible\\nthat while still a simple mason under old Maitre\\nQuesnel, and before the work with Pierre Lescot\\nat St. Germain I Auxerrois had made him famous,\\nthe young artist chiselled these figures, or at least\\nthe one on the right hand of the entrance, which\\nparticularly recalls various mannerisms in the works\\nthat are recognised as his.\\nThe folding clothes are held in by a belt below\\nthe actual waist, and the drapery is caught up on\\n1 For the date of Goujon s birth see Archives de VArt Fran-\\ngais, by A. de Montaiglon, iii. 350. Blois was building in 1515\\n(L. E. de Laborde, La Renaissance des Arts a la Cour de\\nFrance, p. 190); in 1540 Goujon was at Rouen. The next\\nyear he worked in St. Maclou and in the Cathedral; in 1542\\nwith Lescot; two years afterwards at Ecouen. The Eons\\nNymphium and the Caryatides were carved in 1550, and\\nfive years later he had begun the work on the Louvre at which\\nhe was employed while the massacre of St. Bartholomew was\\ngoing on.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "138 did\\noutaine\\nthe swell of the hip in a way peculiarly his own, and\\nreproduced on the famous Fontaine des Innocents,\\nand in a bas-relief in the Salle des cent Suisses; the\\nvery attitude in which the wavy sheaf of water-flags\\nis held is also characteristic of his methods; but\\nmore convincing still is the elaborate treatment of\\nthe head-dress, with its pendent ornament, and the\\nchiselled bracelet upon the arm, both of which are\\nfound especially prominent in the Diane Chasser-\\nesse, another example of the long lithe limbs, and\\nthe small breasts high on the body, which Goujon\\nwas especially fond of reproducing.\\nThe carving of the canopy of this statue at Blois\\nis alone worthy of long study; though every detail\\nvaries, yet each contributes gracefully to the per-\\nfection of the whole; here especially is it possible\\nto realise what a labour of love was the work of the\\nold masons, what time unlimited their workmen\\nhad, to chisel cunningly at the firm white stone be-\\nneath the mellow sunshine of Touraine, until each\\npart was filled with something of the individuality\\nof the man whose life was spent in slow and perfect\\nlabour with his hands, until the scheme which gave\\neach workman his allotted task was finished in its\\nharmony of carving, its strength and delicacy of\\nconstruction and of form. It is often by the shape", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "laid 139\\nand moulding of his mere grotesques that a great\\nartist s power is seen; and this is the case here.\\nBetween the statues we have just examined and\\nthe main wall is a salamander, marvellous in its\\noriginality, its living force of movement, clinging\\nto the stone with a reality that is little short of\\ncreative; the line of its spinal column curves firmly\\nfrom neck to tail as in a living thing, the grip of\\nhind and fore feet set with claws is amazing in\\nits grasp and actuality of movement and organic\\nstrength, the very warts upon its scaly back add\\none more touch of Hfe to this extraordinary\\ncarving.\\nBut the wonders of this perfect structure do not\\ncease with the sculpture upon its outward walls.\\nThe stairs wind upwards, folding round their cen-\\ntral shaft as the petals of a tulip fold one within\\nthe other, and by a slight curve at the attachment\\nof each step, a strange look of life and growth is\\nproduced that is marvellously helped by the ascend-\\ning spiral of the column which supports the whole;\\nits waving lines rush upwards like a flame blown\\nfrom beneath, or like the flying spiral of a jet of\\nwater falHng fast yet strongly from a. height; there\\nis in it a beauty that is elemental, a touch of the\\nsame nature that curves the tall shaft of the iris", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "140 Otd Fontaine\\nupwards from the pool in which it grows. But the\\ndelicate strength of this central column reproduces\\nwith an even greater accuracy the lines that in\\nnatural objects are most beautiful because most\\nadapted to the purpose they fulfil; the spiral upon\\nits shaft is the exact curve which is contained within\\na sea-shell for the beauty of the work is of that\\nnecessary order which comes of perfect skill, and\\nfinds its ultimate justification in the essential har-\\nmony of natural structures. In this particular case\\nit seems more than probable that an actual shell\\nwas used consciously as a model; for the absolutely\\nunique double curve of the steps, with their relation\\nto the ascending curves from which they grow, is\\nprecisely the same as the spiral and its attachments\\nin the shell. There is a more striking correspond-\\nence still: the lines upon the outside of the top\\npart of the shell will be found to have the same\\narrangement as the balustrades on the exterior of\\nthe staircase, and reversed, in exactly the same zvay\\nas the spiral. It is tempting to complete the\\nhypothesis by imagining such a shell as this to have\\nbeen in the possession of the architect to whom the\\nfirst plans of the work were due he must have been\\na man who collected natural objects to study the\\nsecrets of their beauty; a man of unequalled con-\\nstructive power, for the groin-work and vaulting", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "(Sentzal S^illat of cftancid I.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "lold 141\\nof the stairs are not the least astounding part of the\\nwhole building; a man, too, of extraordinary imagi-\\nnation, and with a sense of harmonious proportion\\nrarely equalled in the world. Scarcely any one of\\nthat time save Leonardo da Vinci possessed a\\ngenius at once so universal and so thorough, and\\nLeonardo was at Amboise, a Httle farther down the\\nriver, just when the first plans of this staircase would\\nbe required. Is it possible that Francis found one\\nlast sketch, one remnant of the dying artist s\\ngenius, and employed to decorate his newest\\nchateau the last tour de force of the great master\\nfor whom he had no care to build a tomb?\\nIt is possible to realise, even more keenly than\\nelsewhere, the full spirit and movement of the true\\nRenaissance, when such a gem of art and architect-\\nure as the wing of Francis I. is placed next to the\\ncold and meaningless productions of Francois Man-\\nsard at the height of his reputation, at the most\\nchilling point of his respectability. In this wing,\\nopposite the entrance, so different from all the rest\\nof the chateau, lived Gaston d Orleans, dullest of\\nroyal dullards, himself so chillingly respectable that\\nhe had formed a plan of delivering up the whole\\nof the palace to the mercies of reforming Mansard,\\nand would have done so, had not Providence re-\\nmoved him in time and preserved for the wonder", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "142 did ^1\\nouzatrie\\nof later ages the fantasies of a creation too unfet-\\ntered for his slow wit to understand.\\nThe early history of the castle is connected with\\nthose Counts of Blois whom we have already heard\\nof in tracing the fortunes of their mortal enemies,\\nthe Angevin Counts. Upon the remains of the old\\nRoman camp which held the tongue of land be-\\ntween the Loire and the now lost Arou, the robber\\ncaptains of the sixth and seventh centuries built\\ntheir first rude stronghold, which was later on to\\nbecome part of the wide possessions held by the\\nCounts of Vermandois, Champagne, and Blois.\\nThese three houses were among the first of the great\\nfeudal families of France in the eleventh and twelfth\\ncenturies; their relationships extended to lands as\\nfar apart as England and Palestine, while nearer\\nhome Flanders, Burgundy, Aquitaine, and Navarre\\nwere all more or less closely connected with the\\nsame powerful stock. It was from Thibault le\\nTricheur, whose fame still fills the low country all\\nround Chambord, that the Chateau of Blois received\\nits first donjon built with money raised by certain\\nfraudulent practices, and increased by more open\\ndeeds of violence and robbery. Even if authenti-\\ncated records of these times were forthcoming they\\nwould be of little interest, for the quarrels of the\\nbarons had not much influence on the real history", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "loid 143\\nof France; but before the thirteenth century the\\npossessions of Champagne and Vermandois had\\nfallen by marriage to King Philip IV., and by 1233\\nChartres and Blois had been bought by the Crown\\nfrom another Count Thibault. Blois had become\\nCrown property, and was soon to be the recognised\\npossession of the family of Orleans.\\nThe historian Froissart, who was chaplain here\\nduring the regency of the dukes in the first years of\\nCharles VI. s reign, relates an interview that took\\nplace between the Dukes of Burgundy and Berry\\nconcerning the old quarrels between Brittany and\\nFrance; but the castle began to take its actual\\nplace in the history of France when Louis d Orleans\\nbrought Valentine Visconti here from Milan.^ The\\nprincess had made a triumphant entry into Paris,\\nand had immediately secured the good graces of the\\nKing; but her happiness was very short-lived, and\\nthis visit to Blois, one of the many homes of her\\nclever and unfeeling husband, seemed almost a\\nflight from the horror of the poor King s madness,\\nwhich she had tried in vain to soothe, and from the\\ndark suspicions of the changeable populace of Paris.\\nAbout this time Eustache Deschamps, the poet,\\nwas maitre d hotel to the duke, and at his mar-\\nriage in 1393 received from his patron a present of\\nSee Chapter VI. Three Dukes of Orleans.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "144 uld Ooiizalne\\nfive hundred gold pieces. It was by Eustache s\\ncare that the Hbrary, which had been begun by a\\nsmall donation from the royal collection, was in-\\ncreased by the Three Pilgrimages of Human Life, of\\nChrist, and of the Soul, bought from one Jehan\\nBizet, and written in cursive characters. There was\\na Legende Doree too, bound in the black velvet which\\nthe duke especially affected, and a History of the\\nOld and New Testament by Pierre Comestor, which\\nhad been translated in the last century, and cost the\\nduke as much as eighty gold crowns. A book to\\nthe taste of Madame Valentine was perhaps La\\nConsolacion de Boece, which her husband bought in\\nParis she needed comfort as much as most women\\nof her time; while the scholarly proclivities of\\nthe duke himself are traceable in the Problesmes\\nd Aristote, translated by Evrard de Conty, which he\\nbought from a Paris student, whose tastes were\\nprobably more in the direction of the outspoken\\nrhymes with which Francois Villon was soon to\\ndelight the idle scholars of the capital.\\nBut Valentine was not allowed to rest for long\\nin the quiet valley of the Loire. She had to rejoin\\nthe duke, whose excess and immorality soon\\nbrought their inevitable punishment, and in 1407\\nshe was once more at Blois in even greater grief\\nthan at her former visit, for this handsome, cruel", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "loid 145\\nhusband, whom she had loved passionately in spite\\nof all his faults, had been basely murdered in the\\nstreets of Paris. Her attempts at vengeance failed.\\nThe poor King s mind, which in its weakness\\nshowed more plainly all those feelings which its\\nstrength had hidden, was warped for ever against\\nhis brother of Orleans; the murder was pardoned,\\npraised even, and the gentle heart of Valentine was\\nbroken in a year.\\nHer son Charles in his first years showed but\\nlittle of the poetic temperament which always\\npassed almost unnoticed by his companions. In\\ncompany with Dunois, the famous Bastard, the\\nmost capable of all the children of Duke Louis, he\\nwas soon at work organising the forces which were\\nto fall at Agincourt. In 141 5 the battle had been\\nwon and lost, Charles had been taken prisoner, and\\nthe Chateau of Blois was deserted. Twelve years\\nafterwards even the library which had lightened the\\nhours of those who were left behind in mourning\\nfor their lord was removed to Saumur for greater\\nsafety; for tidings had reached the duke in his cap-\\ntivity of the movements of the English in the valley\\nof the Loire.\\nThe castle itself was soon filled with tokens of\\ncoming change. In 1429 Joan of Arc was in the\\nChurch of St. Sauveur, where the Archbishop of\\nVol. 11\u00e2\u0080\u009410.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "146 did ^1\\noutatne\\nRheims blessed the standard she was to bear to\\nvictory; and the tide of English invasion turned at\\nlast. But the delivery of Charles d Orleans was not\\nyet. Dunois was in charge of the castle when the\\nconspiracy of the Praguerie broke out that was\\norganised by the Dauphin Louis against his father\\nCharles VIL; and only in 1440, after twenty-five\\nlong years, did the duke return home again. Of\\nhis life at Blois we know already; to him and to his\\nson are chiefly owing those Italian influences which\\nwere most worth copying by French artists, and\\nwhich lend their peculiar charm to the work of this\\nperiod at Blois. But the most important event\\nduring his life at the castle, both to his family and\\nto France, was the birth of the young Louis\\nd Orleans, who was to be King Louis XIL He\\nwas held at the font by Louis XL The father was\\ncongratulated by his poets, and by the whole\\ncountry; and having little else to do in life, he left\\nit gracefully soon afterwards.\\nThe next few years of the story of the Chateau of\\nBlois are the years of the childhood of the young\\nduke who was to be Louis XIL\\nWith the help of a miniature in a fifteenth-cen-\\ntury MS. of the Roman de Renaud de Montau-\\nban, we can imagine the boy seated by his mother\\nat the table beneath a high red canopy upon the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "loid 147\\ndais of the great hall, with two maids of honour in\\ntheir lofty head-dresses on either side. There is a\\nhound pacing across the tiled floor and watching\\nthe pages, who move to and fro between the side-\\nboard and the dais; and from a gallery draped in\\nred, above their heads, the musicians blow quaint\\ninstruments and play the tunes that poet Charles\\ndelighted in; while all the time at lower tables the\\ntalk flows merrily and unrestrained among the vas-\\nsals and retainers of the Court.\\nSaint Gelais tells us how the boy was taught to\\nread before he was seven years old, and soon showed\\na great love for history, which he probably first read\\nin the four great black velvet volumes of the Miroir\\nHistorial in his father s library, a kind of unwieldy\\nencyclopaedia of the Middle Ages.^\\nBy the age of seventeen he could leap, wrestle,\\nshoot, and play tennis with the best, and particu-\\nlarly aroused the historian s admiration for his ex-\\ncellent horsemanship. Nor was the example of his\\nmother s life thrown away upon him. With the\\nhelp of her women the good duchess made five\\nhundred shirts yearly to be given away, and quietly\\nprovided in many other ways for the poorest in-\\n1 The fine library which had been begun by Louis d Orleans,\\nand which was much improved by Louis XIL, was moved by\\nFrancis L to Fontainebleau in 1544.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "148 uld Oouzalne\\nhabitants of every town in which she might be\\nliving. She taught her son to be forgiving at any\\nrate, for when he came to the throne after Charles\\nVIII. s death, he behaved civilly enough to the men\\nwho in earlier years had been obliged to oppose\\nhim, not only in the Brittany wars but in the hap-\\nhazard skirmishes in Italy.\\nLa Tremouille, says Jean Bouchet, made\\ngreat mourn at the death of his master King\\nCharles, for with that body he lost all hope of reward\\nfor his labours. At Saint Aubin, too, he had\\nsoundly beaten Louis, and had little expectation of\\nthe generous reception that awaited him at Blois.\\nLe Roi de France oublie les injures du due\\nd Orleans, said the King, and La Tremouille was\\nconfirmed in all his states and dignities.\\nThe strength of Louis character had received a\\nrude shock before this from the unfeeling policy of\\nLouis XL, and he was only enabled to recover at\\nhis own accession to the throne. The marriage to\\nJeanne de France, never one of inclination, must\\nhave been very hard for the young prince to bear\\nin the first strength of his manhood.\\nOur pity for the unhappy victim of her father s\\ncruel calculations has perhaps hardened our judg-\\nment upon the young Duke of Orleans, It is upon\\nLouis XL that the blame of the inevitable misery", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "laid 14:9\\nthat followed should rightly be laid. Saint Gelais\\nemphasises the impossibility of refusal when once\\nthe royal will had been declared, and Jeanne must\\nhave long been ready with the gentle words of\\nrenunciation and loyalty which La Tremouille\\nbrought from her to Louis as soon as Charles VIIL\\nwas dead.\\nHer husband was now King of France, and the\\nnecessity for a son to carry on his line was stronger\\nthan the ties of individual affection, if indeed we\\nmay suppose that Jeanne had ever loved the hus-\\nband upon whom she had been thrust. She retired\\nto the Duchy of Berry with a suitable retinue\\nallowed her by the King, and died, with a great\\nreputation for her sanctity of life, in 1504 at\\nBourges.\\nThe proceedings for divorce had necessitated the\\npresence in France of one whom we have already\\nmet at Chinon, Csesar Borgia, Due de Valentinois,\\nthe bearer of the bull from Alexander VI.\\nThis extraordinary man was a worthy actor of\\nthe strange part he had to play, dramatic and inevi-\\ntable as the succession of events in ancient tragedy.\\nHe had come to Chinon bearing besides the bull a\\nCardinal s hat for Georges d Amboise, the first real\\nCardinal prime minister of France, and in a far more\\nreal sense than Balue or Brigonnet, the true fore-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "150 uLd (Douzaine\\nrunner of Richelieu and Mazarin. And now Cae-\\nsar s presence at Blois was due to the inevitable\\nreturn which had to be made for the favour of the\\nPope s consent. A bride had to be provided for\\nthis new prince of France, whose dignities were in-\\ncreased by the gift of the Collar of St. Michael.\\nFrederic of Naples absolutely refused his daughter\\nCarlotta, and the King, after publicly marrying\\nAnne de Bretagne at Nantes in January 1499, pro-\\nposed Germaine de Foix or Charlotte d Albret,\\nsister of the King of Navarre, as a wife for the\\nItalian. The latter was selected, and we may hope\\nthat, here at any rate, she was happy in a husband\\nwho was handsome even for a Borgia; for his face\\nand figure, we are told, were very near perfection,\\nand he possessed a subtle fascination, even for men,\\nthat attracted women as a magnet draws the\\niron.^ He wrote to Alexander VI. soon after, de-\\n1 Of the few portraits left of Csesar Borgia, Yriarte con-\\nsiders that the woodcut in Paulus Jovius is the most authentic.\\nThere is a supposed portrait by Raphael that is not hastily\\nto be accepted.\\nIn the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris there are three\\ntypes of his face a woodcut in the style of Albert Diirer, a\\ndrawing by Le Coeur which shows a long nose, flowing hair\\nand moustache, and a bold bad eye, and a cut by B.\\nBernaerts of Cgssar in youth, with the motto\\nCui tranquilla quies odio cui proelia cord\\nEt rixa et caedes seditioque fuit.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "ioid 151\\nscribing his impressions of their mariage de con-\\nvenance.\\nNo sooner was the wedding over than Louis was\\ndeep in schemes for Italian invasion, which were\\ncertainly as disastrous for France as Lorenzo de\\nMedicis foretold they would be to Italy. By Sep-\\ntember in the same year Caesar himself had gone\\nto Italy, and his wife was left in France never to see\\nthis strange husband again/ With his career in\\nItaly we have nothing to do. Like a baleful stroke\\nof lightning he flashed across the clouds of Italian\\nintrigue, and disappeared before men understood\\nhis meaning.\\nAfter his father s death he went to Spain. His\\npolitical life was ended, and the epilogue came fitly\\nin an imprisonment, a wildly venturous escape, and\\na death in a skirmish when fighting for the King of\\nNavarre, against desperate odds, with the rebellious\\nComte de Lerins. His memory has been blackened\\nCharlotte retired to Valence. Later on she tried to reach\\nher husband in Italy, but he stopped her at Naples she had\\nbecome unnecessary, and he had no time or inclination for\\nfamily affection. She then went to live at Issoudon, a town\\nwhich had been given to Caesar, and there educated her daugh-\\nter Louise, who in 1516 (two years after her mother s death)\\nmarried Louis de la Tremouille. By the treaty of Blois in\\nOctober 1505 Germaine de Foix was given to Ferdinand in\\nmarriage; he was to hand over Naples to her descendants,\\nand cement France and Spain against the interest of the\\nBorgias.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "152 Old\\noutatne\\nwith the universal condemnation of posterity; but\\nonly to great natures is it given to sin so greatly as\\ndid Caesar Borgia. Born at a time which had cast\\noff the old morality and was not yet ready for the\\nnew, he grew up amid the most licentious Court in\\na licentious age; yet, of all who then lived, he alone\\nsaw the true issues to which events inevitably\\ntended.\\nFar differently from his father, the lying, sensual\\ndiplomat, he saw, as a true statesman, above all as\\na thorough soldier, the one end that was worth\\nstriving for. While Ludovico Sforza, while the\\ncouncils of Florence and of Venice were miserably\\nwasting time in weakening their neighbours, he\\nalone saw that the unity of Italy was worth the\\nbattle, and was possible, and because he failed he has\\nbeen pitilessly judged. Gran conoscitore della\\noccasione, says MachiavelH of this prince, who cap-\\ntivated the intellect of the astute ambassador; and\\nthis is his chiefest praise. The friend of Pintoric-\\nchio, of Michael Angelo, of Leonardo da Vinci, his\\nengineer, staunch always in his love for Lucrezia\\nbelle et bonne, douce, courtoise a toutes gens, as\\nBayard says of her Caesar Borgia must be judged,\\nnot on his private life, but on his aspirations to his\\ncountry. He failed, he was crushed by adverse\\nfortune, he died before his youth had grown to the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "told 153\\nstrength that should give fulfilment to its promises;\\nhis motto remained, Aut Caesar aut nihil. He\\ndied too young to be a Caesar, he was much more\\nthan nothing while he lived/\\nIn 1 501 a very different scene was passing within\\nthe walls of Blois.\\nRobert de la Marche, who was afterwards the\\nMarechal de Fleuranges, tells us of his introduction\\nto the Court. Being about nine years of age, and\\nse sentant solide sur son petit cheval, il delibere\\nen lui-meme, after the precocious fashion of young\\nadventurers of the time, and at length, with his\\ntutor and some other friends, he rides to Blois to\\noffer the strength of his small arms to King Louis.\\nWelcome, my son, said the King; you are too\\nyoung yet to serve me, and so you shall go live\\nwith M. d Angouleme at Amboise, with whom you\\nwill be very happy. I will go wherever you may\\nplease to order, replied the child. To Amboise he\\nwent accordingly, to play with the young Prince\\n1 The Valentinois title was revived with Diane de Poitiers,\\nand later researches have brought to light that it is still pre-\\nserved by the Prince of Monaco, as the Almanack de Gotha\\ntells us. In the Standard for 24th April 1891 occurs the fol-\\nlowing paragraph The last descendant of the once powerful\\nfamily of Borgias died last week in distressed circumstances.\\nHe was the grandson of Don Alberto Calisto di Borgia, and\\nduring the last twenty years had gained his living as a pho-\\ntographer.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "154 Old Ooutaine\\nFrancis, and make friends with the future King of\\nFrance/\\nTn the same year there was a magnificent recep-\\ntion of the Archduke Philip of Austria at the\\nchateau. The whole of the State ceremonial has\\nbeen carefully preserved for us by a conscientious\\nCourt chronicler. On the 6th of December the\\nvisitors left Orleans and reached Saint Die, close\\nto Blois, where they found several falconers with\\ntheir birds sent forward by the King to amuse his\\nguest upon his way. The Archbishop of Sens,\\nMonsieur de Rohan, and many others had also come\\nfrom the Court to meet him, and all the way along\\nthe road the cortege was met by companies of gen-\\ntlemen who welcomed the archduke to Blois. It\\nwas late when they all reached their journey s end,\\nand torches were flashing from the river as they\\nrode into the town, the ladies all on palfreys har-\\nnessed in black and crimson velvet. The whole\\ncourtyard of the castle was filled with the King s\\narchers, and the Swiss bodyguards kept back the\\n1 As we have seen, Louis XII. died without male issue.\\nAnne de Bretagne had to be content with ma fille Claude et\\nma fille Renee. Anne Reine de France, writes Louise de\\nSavoie, who was watching events eagerly from Amboise, le\\njour de Sainte apres 21 Jan. eut un fils, mais il ne pouvait\\nretarder I exaltation de mon Cesar, car il avoit faute de vie.\\nLouis XII. s third marriage proved no more fruitful, and\\nFrancis, Due d Angouleme, became Francis I.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "bliateau of cBlol/i, %Vinq of cftancld I.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "loid 155\\ncrowd that pressed forward to see the procession\\npass into the doorway of the new-built castle, that\\nhad just been decorated with the porcupine of Louis\\nXIL\\nThe archduke slowly made his way to the great\\nhall, which was all hung with cloth of gold, and\\ntapestry that pictured the fall of Troy. Upon a\\nbroad velvet carpet was the King s chair, with Mon-\\nseigneur d Angouleme behind it, and the greetings\\nwere soon over with great courtesy on either side.\\nThe archduchess was some little way behind; the\\npress had been so great that she was somewhat\\nseparated from her husband, but at last she ap-\\npeared, and having obtained the sanction of the\\nBishop of Cordova she kissed King Louis and the\\nyoung duke, and was then, with great consideration,\\nsent away to the ladies. Madame, said the\\nkindly King, je sais bien que vous ne demandez\\nqu a etre entre vous femmes, allez-vous en voir ma\\nfemme, et laissez-nous entre nous hommes. The\\ncrowd was still so thick in all the rooms and pas-\\nsages that movement became a thing of time and\\npatience, even for the great; and when they met\\nthe baby princess Claude, carried by Madame de\\nTournon s daughter, that httle lady signified her\\ndisapproval of the whole ceremony with such lusty\\nyells that etiquette had to be disregarded, and all", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "156 Old S.\\nouzatne\\nthe four-and-twenty small girls who followed the\\nprincess set themselves loyally to soothe her dis-\\ncontent.\\nAt length the company were distributed in their\\nvarious rooms, the still-protesting princess to her\\napartment hung with tapestries of farmyard scenes\\nand tout petits personnages, the archduke to his\\nchamber, adorned with stories of the Trojan War,\\nand Anne de Bretagne to the room that was deco-\\nrated with a kind of natural history pattern of\\nstrange birds and beasts.\\nLater on refreshments were borne to the arch-\\nduchess in solemn procession, led by the maitre\\nd hotel, with little page-boys after him, clad in yel-\\nlow silk with velvet slashes, bearing each a waxen\\ncandle in a golden candlestick. Madame de Bour-\\nbon followed, carrying a great gold box filled with\\nall kinds of confectionery and sweetmeats, then\\nMadame d Angouleme with a gold box filled with\\nnapkins, and Madame de Nevers with yet another\\nfilled with knives and forks. And so the Court\\ngoes pompously to bed, to wake up and find the\\nmorning so unkind that the weather barely per-\\nmitted them to go outside the castle, though the\\nKing and the archduke did their best to get sport\\nwith their falcons.\\nSome few more days of solemn ceremony and", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "lold 157\\ncourtly converse and the guests left Blois in as great\\nstate as they came. It is amusing to note with what\\ncontempt the chronicler dismisses any attempt at\\nbusiness or State affairs which may have been trans-\\nacted; for him it is enough that all the ceremonials\\nwere got through decently and in order; and for us,\\ntoo, the politics may remain in the background:\\nwhat little of the history of the times was possible\\nfor us has already been described.\\nIt was at this time that the castle began to assume\\nsomething of its present shape. The whole of the\\nwing in which the entrance door is placed was built\\nand ready for the archduke and his suite. And it is\\nhere that we can see Anne de Bretagne at her best,\\namong the ladies of her Court. Like another\\nVesta, says Hilarion Costa, or another Diana,\\nshe held all her nymphs in strict discipline, and yet\\nremained full of sweetness and courtesy.\\nIn the library at St. Petersburg there is a picture\\nof the Queen weeping for her husband absent at the\\nwars in Italy. She is dressed in a black head-dress\\nand a square-cut bodice, holding a kerchief to her\\neyes and writing. A great bed takes up much of\\nthe room, a bird mopes in a cage, and on the floor\\nin one corner is a group of girls watching her\\nsilently. In the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris is\\nthe sequel to the scene. The Queen is now seated", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "158 uid Oowcaine\\nupon a kind of canopied throne, while her women\\ncluster round admiring the royal letter that is being\\nfolded. Still another picture shows us the Queen,\\nher corded girdle at her side, and a fine smile of\\nconscious rectitude upon her face, handing the\\nepistle to her courier, while the attendant ladies with\\ndifficulty restrain their emotions.\\nThis letter may have been one of those composi-\\ntions in verse in which Fausto Andrelini assisted, or\\nJean d Auton, the King s historian; for Anne was\\nstrong in literary tastes, and did much to help her\\nhusband form that famous library, based on the\\nolder collections of his grandfather, which was after-\\nwards to go to Paris.^ One part of the chateau the\\nQueen particularly afifected. Voila mes Bre-\\ntons, she would say, qui sont sur ma perche et\\nqui m attendent, and the terrace where she loved\\nto meet her countrymen is still known as the\\nPerche aux Bretons. These soldiers were the\\nbodyguard of a hundred gentlemen whom she had\\npicked out to attend her, in the same way as she\\nhad begun the Court of ladies, the innocent fore-\\nrunner of the escadron volant, over which Bran-\\ntome waxes so enthusiastic.\\n1 Many of the most precious MSS. in the Bibliotheque Na-\\ntionale come from this library.\\nSee Bibl. Nat. MS. No. 5091, in which Jean des Maretz is\\ndepicted giving the Queen a book.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "loid 159\\nOn the 9th of January 15 14, at the age of thirty-\\nseven years, Anne died at the Chateau of Blois, to\\nthe great grief of her husband. Brantome has de-\\nscribed the magnificence of her funeral.\\nNot long afterwards Louis XII. followed her to\\nthe tomb, and with his death ends the first part of\\nthe chateau s history. He left an ineffaceable mark\\nupon the place, and the porcupines carved here and\\nthere upon the walls remind us still of the son of\\nCharles d Orleans. It was here that he transacted\\nnearly all the important business of the State, the\\nfamous Ordonnances of Blois, and the three great\\ntreaties of 1504. It was here that he was brought\\nto recover, in his natal air, whenever illness pressed\\nupon him in the more confined atmosphere of the\\ncapital.\\nThe love he had for Blois he bequeathed to his\\ndaughter Claude, the wife of Francis, to whom is no\\ndoubt due the initiation of those magnificent works\\nwhich were to give a third side to the chateau, and\\nto provide the background for the drama that is to\\ncome, the drama of the sixteenth century that was\\nnow well on its way.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "c/Sloid", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIX\\nBLOIS (Continued)\\nSit subitum quodcunque paras, sit caeca futuri\\nMens hominum fati, liceat sperare timenti.\\nLUCAN.\\nQueen Claude, the daughter of Anne de Bretagne\\nand wife of Francis I., is the hnk in the history of\\nBlois between the old times and the new. It was\\nher fondness for her father s home that persuaded\\nthe King to build the famous wing of Francis I.\\nthat was to give shelter after his reign to Marie\\nStuart, and later on to Henry III.; and at her death\\nit was left unfinished. Francis left it for Gaston\\nd Orleans to complete in the next century, and\\nwent off to build the gigantic Chambord in the\\nplains of the Sologne Chambord which might\\nhave been added to the home of Claude, and made of\\nBlois so fair a palace that Versailles would never\\nhave existed.\\nFor the next few reigns not much of interest\\nhappened at the castle. In 1536 Madame Madeleine\\nde France was betrothed here to James V. of Scot-\\nland, and they were married shortly afterwards in\\nParis. A young page went with them, who had\\n163", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "164 Old ^outaine\\nbeen given to the Scottish King by the Duke of\\nOrleans, after the fashion of the time it was Ron-\\nsard, who stayed in the north two years and six\\nmonths, and came back at the age of sixteen to go\\nwith De Baif to Germany, before he settled down\\nin France as the favourite Court poet of the King.\\nOf the imitation of classical authors, for which\\nMichelet so severely criticises Ronsard, there is a\\nstriking example at Blois in 1549, when a\\ntragedy was performed, which was the latest de-\\nvelopment of that dramatic instinct which we have\\nalready had occasion to notice.\\nIn the museum now attached to the buildings of\\nthe chateau there is an old plank covered with rude\\npaintings and rough verses such as were sung by\\nthe first players of Mysteries and Sottises whom we\\nfound at Amboise. There had been a somewhat\\nsudden development in these primitive dramatic\\nwritings; the laxity of public morals, and the de-\\ncline in public religion which was emphasised by the\\ngrowing struggles between Huguenots and Catho-\\nlics, had produced their inevitable result in the na-\\ntional literature; the mystery had been neglected\\nfor the farce, and a strange compromise had been\\neffected between the two, which by 1541 reached\\nsuch a pitch of scandal and disorder that they were\\ndefinitely suppressed by the Government. The", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "ioid 165\\ndeath of the old religious theatre was the signal for\\nthe rise of the literary theatre under the auspices of\\nRonsard and the Pleiad, and the efforts of these\\npioneers in the dramatic art have been somewhat\\ntoo harshly condemned from a lack of due apprecia-\\ntion of their strange position. The old methods\\nhad been cast aside, and for the time no new ones\\nwere forthcoming. It was inevitable that the re-\\nvival of classical learning, which was then at its\\nheight, should have pointed out the new way that\\nwas to be trodden by the dramatic author; so such\\npieces as Cleopdtre, Medee, and Antigone appear,\\nmere copies, often bad ones, of the old originals, but\\nthe best then possible. Not to every age is it given\\nto produce a Moliere, who should make a national\\ncomedy from the old Confreres de la Passion at the\\nHotel de Bourgogne; and this first classical revival\\nwhich began with Jodelle and the rest was strong\\nenough to last through Corneille and Racine, until\\nDumas and Hugo startled the literary world with\\nthe first French romantic drama, the drama which\\nfirst drew its scenes from the history of Touraine,\\nfrom the Court of Henry HI. at Blois, and the\\nHuguenots at Chenonceaux.\\nAppropriately enough, it was owing to Catherine\\nde Medicis that one of these early French adapted\\ntragedies was played at Blois. Brantome par-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "166 Old Ooutatne\\nticularly praises it, saying that M. de Saint Gelais\\ncomposed it, or rather took and stole it from an-\\nother, with better ornamentation.\\nThere were not many fetes at Blois during the\\nreign of Henry 11. and for the greater part of it\\nCatherine must bide her time and watch her rival s\\ntriumph at Chenonceaux; but already the martial\\ncure at Meriot, who was better at holding pistols\\nand an arquebuse than at intoning prayers, had\\ndiscovered the inconveniences of a Church mili-\\ntant upon earth. Claude Haton s Memoires, full\\nof details as to weather, crops, and prices, unre-\\nliable as records of character or of policy, are yet\\nfull of compassion for the sufferings of the poor by\\nwar and by disease. They express plainly and\\nsimply the common opinions of the time, and show\\nvery fairly the direction in which afifairs were tend-\\ning. In 1558 he was at Paris and saw the mar-\\nriages of Claude de France and Marie Stuart.\\nSoon afterwards\\nPleurez done la France desolee,\\ncry the Memoires,\\nMaudissez le coup de lance,\\nMaudissez Lorge qui la branle.\\n1 Sophonisbe, tragedie tres excellente, tant pour I agre-\\nment que pour le poly lengage, representee et prononcee de-\\nvant le roy, en sa ville de Blois, Paris, 1559, in 8vo.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "lotd 167\\nHenry II. was dead, and the young King and\\nQueen moved their Court to Blois.\\nIn the new wing of the castle Catherine de\\nMedicis with her two young children, the Due\\nd Anjou and Marguerite de Valois, lodged in the\\nrooms that were decorated with the device of\\nClaude, the wife of Francis I., two C s intertwined\\nwith lilies and the wings of a swan. The panelling\\nof her library, rescued from the decay into which\\nit had fallen, still shows traces of the colouring\\nwhich threw into bold relief the exquisite carving\\nof its walls; there are two hundred and thirty panels\\nhere, all different, and each a brilliant example of\\nworkmanship and design. This cabinet alone\\nwould be sufificient indication of the luxury of\\ndecoration lavished by four Valois Courts upon the\\nchateau; its solidity is conspicuous in the great\\nwall of division which cuts through the whole wing\\nlike a spinal column, and divides each story into a\\ndouble range of rooms, each large enough, as\\nBalzac said, to hold a company of infantry with\\nease. Above the rooms of Catherine de Medicis,\\nand with an exactly similar arrangement, were the\\napartments of Francis II. and Marie Stuart, and it\\nis during their visit here in 1560 that the drama\\nof the Religious Wars, and of the attempts of the\\nLorraines at power, first began to be unfolded.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "168 Uld Ooutaine\\nThe Guises were at this time in the chateau, the\\nDuke Francis and the Cardinal; and though they\\nhad, like many others of the Court, their own hotel\\nin the town, they preferred to watch events from\\nclose at hand, and were lodged in the rooms of\\nLouis XII. above the twisted columns of the en-\\ntrance; and they had many things to watch, for\\nthe Loire, then as always, was covered with boats\\nsailing from the west and bearing emissaries from\\nthe Huguenot headquarters, or Guisard spies who\\nbrought news to the Cardinal; Catherine herself,\\nniece of a pope, mother of four Valois, a Queen\\nof France, widow of an ardent enemy of the\\nHuguenots, an Italian Catholic, above all a Medi-\\ncis, had showed signs of favouring the heretics;\\nand the Guises were on the alert for traces of con-\\nspiracy, eager to crush once and for all the party\\nthat opposed them both in religion and in politics.\\nBut for the present Catherine seemed inclined to\\nfollow her favourite motto, Odiate e aspettate,\\nand life at the Court went on unwitting of coming\\nchange, and happy in the pleasure of the two royal\\nlovers in their rooms above. We can imagine the\\nday on which was first sounded the signal of alarm.\\nThe courtyard is filled with officers and men-at-\\narms, and the sun just rising above the carved and\\ntraceried windows of the roof shines on pourpoints", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "loid 169\\nand slashed trunk-hose, and glitters on the hilts of\\nswords; within, all is in the bustle that indicates\\nthe expected presence of the King, who is soon to\\ngive his morning greeting to the Court. Mar-\\nshalled under the watchful eyes of the Comtesse de\\nFiesque and the Duchesse de Guise, are the two\\nbands of maids-of-honour, on one side those of\\nCatherine, on the other (nearer to the royal apart-\\nments) those of Marie Stuart; talking to them is\\nthe young Prince Charles, brother of the King,\\ndressed in cloth of gold embroidered with black\\nflowers, and a short black cloak; behind him is\\nhis tutor Amyot, and farther on the Chancellor\\nOlivier, while Brantome has already begun a con-\\nversation with Mademoiselle de Piennes, one of the\\nmaids-of-honour, criticising the poetry of De Ba if\\nand Du Bellay, who had the day before arranged\\na fete for the amusement of the Court.\\nSome of the ladies passed the time in reading.\\nShe who was afterwards to be la belle Fosseuse\\nof Henry of Navarre was beginning her education\\nearly with the Amadis de Gaule, by the Seigneur\\ndes Essarts; Madame de Guise fingered Boccaccio s\\nCelebrated Ladies. Tales of gallantry were at the\\ntime far more in favour at the Court than books\\nupon religious subjects, or even the many political\\npamphlets with which the League and its oppo-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "170 uid (bowcatfie\\nnents afterwards flooded the capital and the prov-\\ninces.\\nBut the Huguenot cause was not without its\\nrepresentatives even here. Groslot, the servant of\\nJeanne d Albret, was watching the proceedings;\\nColigny and Chatillon are there too, talking with\\nMoret of the visit of Theodore de Beze to Nerac,\\nwhen all whisperings ceased suddenly, as Dayelle,\\nthe favourite waiting-woman of the Queen, an-\\nnounced that their Majesties were entering the\\nroom. The face of Catherine, grave and sombre,\\nalmost livid in the daytime though the ivory skin\\nlit up well at night, threw into lively contrast the\\nfresh pink and white of the youthful and piquant\\nMarie Stuart, whose careless gaiety had completely\\ncaptivated the fragile little King, almost crushed\\nby the severity of his mother.\\nBut on this morning at the Court at Blois all\\nthree seemed equally depressed, for strange news\\nhad reached them. The Guises, who arranged\\neverything, had suddenly given out that the King s\\nlife was in danger, and he must go for safety to\\nAmboise. By degrees the news spread through\\nthe ranks of attendant courtiers, to the guards who\\nwaited in the embrasures of the staircase, to the\\nmen-at-arms below. The assembly in the rooms\\nabove broke up hastily, and the chateau was", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "loid 171\\nsoon in all the hurry and discomfort of a swift\\ndeparture.\\nWhat passed thereafter at Amboise we know\\nalready. It was the beginning of the terrible\\nthirty years of bloodshed that were to be signalised\\nin still more horrible a fashion at the massacre of\\nSt. Bartholomew, and were to stain the very walls\\nof Blois with the traces of their cruelty and their\\nassassinations. Catherine de Medicis was in her\\nelement, the country was full of wars and rumors\\nof wars, an(^ one by one the actors in the drama fall,\\nand their places are taken by others.\\nSoon after the battle of Dreux, news reached her\\nof the assassination of the Duke of Guise by Poltrot,\\nand she wrote at once to the Cardinal of le mal-\\nheureux inconvenient advenu a son frere. Henry,\\nthe son of the murdered man, was established in all\\nhis father s rights and dignities.\\nThe death of the Prince of Conde, too, brought\\nanother Henry on the scene. The young prince of\\nBeam, who had been placed by his mother, Jeanne\\nd Albret, under the care of Caumont la Force dur-\\ning the campaign which ended at Jarnac, was now\\nraised to be the head of the Huguenot party, and\\nunder the guidance of his mother and Coligny soon\\nmade his influence evident to the anxious plotters\\nround the Court of Charles IX,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "172 Uid Oowcalne\\nThe position had indeed become one of consid-\\nerable difficulty, and it was by means of the King s\\nsister, Marguerite de Valois, already famous for her\\nbeauty and her wit, that a rapprochement was\\nhoped for between the hostile parties.\\nAt Blois the first negotiations were begun by\\nBeauvais, tutor to the young Prince of Navarre,\\nwho was sent by Jeanne d Albret to the Court while\\nshe herself went throughout her estates establish-\\ning the reformed religion, strengthening the Uni-\\nversity of Beam, and chasing the Catholic priests\\nout of the country. Beauvais came back overjoyed\\nwith the reception, but, says Bordenaye, ceux\\nqui n avaient I entendement opile par les crudites et\\nviscosites de I ambition et de I avarice avaient ces\\ntrop grandes caresses pour suspectes. Towards\\nthe end of 1571 Jeanne d Albret left her son under\\nthe care of Beauvais, and travelled by way of Biron\\n(which she reached on 21st January in the new\\nyear) towards Poitiers, where the Pope s legate met\\nher coach and passed it without a sign, for the\\nQueen of Navarre was in no good odour at the\\nVatican, and Paul V. had very vehemently ex-\\nclaimed against the marriage of a son of this de-\\ntermined heretic with a Valois princess. But\\nCharles IX. had expressed his own opinion in\\nlanguage even more vigorous than the Pope s, and", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "loid 173\\nevery preparation was made to receive Jeanne\\nd Albret at the Court. The first interview took\\nplace at Chenonceaux, but from Tours (which she\\nhad only reached by the loth of February) the\\nQueen writes to her son of the difficulties of her\\nposition. Je vous assure que je suis en grande\\npeine, car Ton me brave extremement et j ai toutes\\nles patiences du monde. She sends him news of\\nthe Princess Marguerite, and of her own niece then\\nbetrothed to the young Prince of Conde, with\\nvarious warnings as to the customs of the Court;\\nbut it is from Blois that her indignation really\\nbreaks out, at what she sees around her. Writing\\nfrom the chateau on the 8th of March 1572,^ she\\ncomplains bitterly of the cynical deceit and care-\\nlessness with which her advances are received. I\\nam so shamefully used, she cries, that you may\\nwell say my patience passes that of Griselda.\\nMadame (Marguerite) is beautiful, witty, and\\ngraceful, but brought up in the most terribly cor-\\nrupted company; there is not one here but is\\n1 The beginning of this now famous letter explains the long\\ntime that was taken over the journey. Mon fils, she writes,\\nje suis en mal d enfant, et en telle extremite que, si je n eusse\\npourvu, j eusse ete extremement tourmentee. It increases\\nour admiration for her strength of resolution and courage\\nthat these difficult negotiations should have been carried on\\nduring great bodily distress, and in much mental trouble wil-\\nfully caused her by Catherine.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "174 Old (Dowcalne\\ntainted with it. Your cousin, the Marquise, is so\\nchanged that there is not a vestige of religion left\\nin her save that she never attends mass. For nothing\\nin the world would I have you living here; there is\\nmy reason for your marrying and taking yourself\\nand your wife out of this corruption, for it is far\\nworse than ever I believed. It is no longer the men\\nwho ask the women, but the women ask the men.\\nIf you were here yourself you would only escape\\nby some remarkable mercy of God. I send you a\\nfavour to wear beneath your ear since you are now\\nfor sale, and some studs for your cap.\\nMarguerite herself would send no messages to her\\nbetrothed, but otherwise was respectful enough to\\nthe mother, who admits to Beauvais that the prin-\\ncess has a fine figure, but laces herself very tightly,\\nand uses so much artificial help for her complexion\\nthat I am grieved to think how she will spoil it;\\nbut at this Court women paint as much as in Spain.\\nYou would scarcely believe how pretty my own\\ndaughter is in these surroundings. Every one at-\\ntacks her religion, but she holds her own and gives\\nin not a whit. Every one loves her.\\nComing fresh from her edicts against gaming\\nand sumptuous apparel in the south, Jeanne\\nd Albret was hardly of a mind to appreciate the\\nover-dressed princess, whom Brantome describes", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "told 175\\nwith so much enthusiasm at this time, taking part\\nin the procession during the Paques Fleuries at\\nBlois, and resplendent in a robe of cloth of gold\\nwhich had been given by the Sultan to M. Grand-\\nchamp, and by him presented to Madame Margue-\\nrite. Nor is this all, continues the same chroni-\\ncler, for she walked in her place in the procession\\nwith her face uncovered, so as not to deprive men\\nduring so great a festival of its gracious light, and\\nseemed more beautiful still as she held in her hand\\nher sceptre (as all our Queens are wont to do) with\\na queenly dignity, with a grace half royal and half\\ntender.\\nThe fetes kept up during the whole visit were of\\nunusual magnificence, and were doubtless meant to\\nshow how much more brilliantly the Catholics\\ncould live than their Protestant opponents. The\\nKing was no unready pupil of his crafty mother,\\nand Coligny himself had been enticed from La\\nRochelle to see the splendour of the Court.^\\n1 There is an interest for Englishmen in the family of Co-\\nligny, apart from the admiration which his character and life\\nmust always arouse among a nation which (whatever its other\\nfaults) were certainly averse to the doubtful methods of policy\\nin favour among Coligny s enemies. His ancestor was Gas-\\npard de Coligny, Marshal of France under Charles VIII.,\\nLouis XII., and Francis I., and through his uncle, Montmo-\\nrency, he was connected with the house of Nassau. William\\nof Nassau (the Silent) was father of the great General", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "176 Old Oowcalne\\nAt last the marriage contract was drawn up, and\\nin June the Queen of Navarre was in Paris. On\\nthe loth of that month she was dead, being only\\nforty-four years old. It may well have been the\\npoisoned gloves that killed her, as tradition tells,\\nfor Maitre Rene, Catherine s instrument in such\\ndelicate situations, was equal to gracefully remov-\\ning any one who was at all obnoxious to the Queen-\\nmother.\\nJeanne d Albret was too much given to taking\\nthings au grand serieux for this careless and\\nunscrupulous age, her religion was too much of a\\nreality for the polished mockery of Courts, and as\\nlike Coligny she would not bend, like him she must\\nbe broken. The massacre of St. Bartholomew, in\\nwhich the admiral was murdered, took place very\\nshortly after these events.\\nUpon the terrace beyond the main building of the\\ncastle is the tower with the letters Uraniae Sac-\\nrum inscribed upon its entrance, in which Cather-\\nine consulted the stars with her astronomer, and\\nwith the superstition so common to minds of her\\npeculiar nature, inquired the influence of the plan-\\nets upon her various schemes. Here she plotted the\\naccession of her son, the Duke of Anjou, to the\\nMaurice, grandfather of Turenne, and great-grandfather of\\nWilliam III. of England.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "loid 177\\n-Crown of Poland, and negotiated, though happily\\nwith no success, for his marriage with the English\\nQueen, Elizabeth; here she dreamed of the carni-\\nval of death that was to run riot in the streets of\\nParis, of the murder of Coligny, of Navarre, of\\nConde, of all who ever crossed her path horrors\\nwhich her son s mind was not strong enough to\\nbear.\\nIn 1574 began the fourth reign in which this\\nwoman s sinister influence was to play a part, the\\nreign which brings to its crisis the history of the\\nChateau of Blois.\\nHer son Henry had hurried from Cracow on the\\ndeath of Charles IX., had gone through the dis-\\ngusting mockery of penitence in the streets of\\nAvignon, and was beginning his cruel and dissi-\\npated career, in which enough of frivolous and ex-\\naggerated religion was mingled to rob his care-\\nlessness of its one excuse.^\\n1 Elizabeth seems to have been considered a fair mark at\\nthis time for all royal matrons with marriageable sons.\\nThere was a scheme afoot at one time to marry her to Henry\\nof Navarre, and join England, France, and Navarre in one\\ngreat Empire that should recall the dominions of the Ange-\\nvins. Smith and Throckmorton, the English ambassadors,\\nwere in Touraine in 1571, and were spoken to on this strange\\nbusiness.\\n2 Cette vie lache et meprisable, says Vitet with as much\\ntruth as force, dont une moitie etait consacree aux plus\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 13", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "178 uLd (joiLzaine\\nThere is a small staircase leading from the main\\nbuildings of the castle into the great hall in which,\\nin 1576, Henry III. convoked the first States-Gen-\\neral of Blois. Henry, the famous Due de Guise,\\nwas at the height of his power; with the conscious-\\nness that Spain was at its back, he was prepared\\nwith the League to combat to the full the powers\\nof the King, The famous Catholic League had\\nbeen thought of so far back as 1562 by the Cardinal\\nde Lorraine at the Council of Trent; it got its first\\nstrength from the Press, and from secret associa-\\ntions in the capital; indeed, although 1572 had\\ngiven a bloody proof of its existence, the League,\\nuntil 1576, remained almost a secret society, with\\nmeetings such as that into which the reckless\\nChicot penetrated and gave Brother Gorenflot so\\ngreat a reputation for his oratory.\\nBut at this time they felt strong enough to throw\\noff the mask, and the King was fairly terrified at\\nthe revelation of the extent of their plans. It must\\nhave been a sore surprise for the Guises when the\\nKing, in a moment of sudden resolution, declared\\nthat he himself would head the famous League;\\nand we may be sure that all the Court who\\nhonteuses debauches et I autre aux plus ridicules devotions.\\nThe best that can be said for his melancholy culture and re-\\nfinement is said in Dumas Quarantc Cinq, and the rest.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "BSalL of Stato-fJenezaL, cBlotd", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "told 179\\ndared were laughing at the great man s discomfi-\\nture/\\nThe King s resolve is described by his sister\\nMarguerite, who was present at the meeting of the\\nstates of Blois; and (says her usual ardent admirer\\nBrantome) the assembly were even more occupied\\nin studying her royal charms than in listening to\\nthe excellent discourses of the King. As a matter\\nof fact the King spoke very well and with much\\ndignity when occasion required it, as it did certainly\\nnow, for Guise was only put on his mettle by the\\ntemporary check, and was soon moving every influ-\\nence in his power towards his one fixed aim the\\nKing s abasement and his own advance.\\nD Aubigne describes how these first estates at\\nBlois dragged wearily on, with demands for redress\\nof grievances alternating with royal complaints of\\nlack of money, and here and there a murder, to\\ndiversify proceedings, in the castle grounds. At\\nlast the sessions were over, and while, for the sixth\\ntime, the Religious Wars began in the South Prov-\\ninces, within the courtyard of the chateau the\\nmignons of the King, the D Epernons and Joy-\\neuses of Dumas famous drama, were swaggering\\n1 J ai detrone mon cousin de Guise (said Henry to Mor-\\nvillier), me voila roi des ligueurs a sa place.\\n2 Which had one good result, the Edit de Blois, a sound\\nmeasure of reform much needed.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "180 did S.\\nowcaine\\nin their short cloaks and long rapiers, and some-\\ntimes having serious fights in the midst of the dis-\\nsipation of the Court.\\nThus, Caylus, Maugiron, Livarot, and St. Megrin\\nwere beaten by D Entragues, Schomberg, and\\nRibeirac, in the famous duel that is immortalised\\nin La Dame de Montsoreau. The King s grief\\nfor his favourites was overwhelming, and he built\\nto their memory a magnificent sepulchre, which\\nwas knocked down by the people of the capital\\nsoon afterwards. Thus, the Sieur de Saint Sulpice\\nmet his death at the hands of the Vicomte de Tours\\nbehind the archways in the moonlight, while the\\ncourtiers were dancing in the brilliant rooms above,\\nand the King, effeminate enough already, dressed\\nas a woman, was simpering at the jests of the first\\nItalian comedians who had replaced the stormy\\ncouncillors in the great hall of the castle.\\nOf the private life of the Court at this time, of\\nthe exploits of the mignons, of Bussy d Amboise,\\nand the rest, of the King s maudlin affections, his\\nHttle dogs, his mummeries, his effeminacy, his nau-\\nseating mockeries of holiness, the chronicles of the\\ntime are full; and they are not pleasant reading.\\nSmall wonder that so many of Montaigne s essays,\\nfirst printed about 1581, breathe discouragement\\nand weariness of soul at all this purposeless and", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "loid 181\\nendless vice and debauchery this ghastly careless-\\nness of life and of its ending, which is the distin-\\nguishing mark of the times of the last Valois.\\nBut even the indolence of the King was at last\\nroused by the startling events that were in progress.\\nOn the first day of March 1587 L Estoile chroni-\\ncles the news of Marie Stuart s execution; tidings\\nfollowed fast of the gathering of the Armada that\\nwas to be hurled against the English heretics, and\\nthe result of the struggle was watched eagerly both\\nby the Guises and the King; the King, in Chartres,\\nwas in fact in deadly fear in spite of his new body-\\nguard of D Epernon s Quarante-Cinq, for, con-\\ntrary to all orders, De Guise had entered Paris, the\\ncity had risen in his favour, the very streets been\\nbarricaded at the least sign of opposition, and he\\nwas actually on his way to demand his appointment\\nas Constable at the coming session of the States\\nat Blois, which the King was unwillingly obliged\\nto summon in October 1588.\\nOf the three divisions of the Parliament, only\\nin the noblesse could Henry count on a majority,\\nthe Guises held the clergy, and the enormous ma-\\njority of 150 out of 191 in the Tiers Etat.\\nThe sitting did not promise to be very gratifying\\nto the royal pride, and the King s mind showed\\ntraces of irresolution that did not go unmarked by", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "182 did ^0\\nutatne\\nhis mother and those who watched him carefully.\\nHe had dismissed Cheverny, Villeroi and his old\\nministers, and taken on Montholon, to every one s\\nsurprise, with Ruze, Revol, and others whom he\\nhoped to influence as he liked. A solemn proces-\\nsion was then started round the town, of all the\\nelected members and the councillors of the Court;\\nat last the first sitting was definitely fixed for the\\nmiddle of October. The appearance of the great\\nSalle des Etats has been often described; its walls\\nwere covered with tapestry, and its pillars twisted\\nwith gold lilies upon violet velvet; between the\\nthird and fourth was placed a dais with a throne,\\nby which sat the Queen and the Queen-mother.\\nStrong barriers all round kept the spectators at a\\ndistance, and on a chair within them sat De Guise,\\nin his white satin doublet, watching keenly all the\\nmen of his own party ranged in lines before him.\\nAt last he rose, and mounting the private staircase\\nto the castle rooms, came back with the King.\\nThe speech from the Throne was unexpectedly\\nfirm and created a great sensation, but its effect\\nwas somewhat spoilt by Montholon s tedious dis-\\ncussion, which wandered from Solomon and the\\nDruids to general exhortations to the assembly, and\\nby the time the Archbishop of Bourges had men-\\ntioned Nestor and Ulysses, and even dragged in the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "lold 183\\nexamples of Nebuchadnezzar and Artaxerxes, the\\npatience of the house was well-nigh exhausted.\\nThe King s friends had done him Httle good, and\\nthe Duke of Guise s popularity became more pro-\\nnounced than ever; he was proud to excess before,\\nhe now became violent and disrespectful. It was\\nclear to the anxious King that his conduct was\\nHttle short of treasonable; and the jests which the\\ngreat duke pitilessly flung to all his followers,\\nabout the King being more fitted for a cloister than\\na Court, at last drove Henry s naturally timid and\\nirresolute character to take a desperate revenge.\\nPersonal enmities have always had much to do\\nwith the crises of French history, and they were\\nnot lacking now to add one more touch to the\\ngloomy picture whose background was shadowed\\nwith the struggles of fanaticism and persecution,\\nonly relieved by the lurid lights from burning vil-\\nlages throughout the desolated realm of France.^\\nThe Cardinal de Guise talked of making a crown\\nfor Henry with a dagger s point, and the wicked\\n1 There were horrible cruelties practised on both sides. See\\nthe Theatrum crudelitatum nostri temporis, Anvers, 1587, 4to,\\nwhere the Huguenots are represented torturing men and wom-\\nen with cruelties unspeakable.\\nThe Oldenhurgisches Chronicon, folio, 1599, shows the re-\\nprisals of the other side confused scenes of pillage and\\nmurder, with Catholic soldiers sacking the villages of the\\nHuguenots.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "184 Old Oowcaine\\nlittle Duchesse de Montpensier, with her pack of\\ncards in her gibeciere, carried on the other side of\\nher girdle the golden scissors with which she had\\nsworn to cut the tonsure for the King when he was\\nmade a monk.\\nAnne d Este was in the Guises lodgings, the\\ngrand-daughter of Louis XII. and mother of Duke\\nHenry, who married the Due de Nemours after\\nher first husband s death; his wife, too, Catherine\\nde Cleves, only left Blois on the 17th of December\\nthat her child might be born at Paris. His son\\nCharles, Prince de Joinville, stayed with him all the\\ntime, and spent his days in matches at tennis and\\nflirting with the maids-of-honour. All over the\\ncastle grounds the pages of the rival factions were\\nperpetually quarrelling, and constant duels, in de-\\nfiance of Court etiquette, took place in the gardens\\nand the town. At every turn the King saw Gui-\\nsard faces, watching him and hating him, and every\\nday brought fresh humihations; like Louis XL, he\\nveiled his projects in a still deeper cloak of exag-\\ngerated and loathsome cant and superstition; he\\neven took mass with De Guise on the 4th of De-\\ncember, and on the i8th entered with unusual\\ngaiety into the festivities at the marriage of Chris-\\ntina of Lorraine. The Duke affected to believe\\nthe hypocritical expressions of the King, or passed", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "ioid 185\\nhim altogether as beneath contempt, but that\\nvery night the murder was first actually spoken\\nof.\\nHenry s accomplices knew the strength of the\\nman with whom they had to deal; arrangements\\nwere made to isolate him from his numerous suite,\\nand a murderer was found courageous enough to\\nstrike the blow.\\nSo much ambition and so much contempt could\\nonly have one end, but the pride of Le Balafre\\nwould only listen to the bolder spirits among his\\nfriends; confident in himself and despising his\\nroyal enemy, he rejected all the warnings which\\nwere showered upon him; a note in his dinner\\nnapkin was thrown away unread, and all the vague\\nprophecies with which the air was full were for-\\ngotten, or passed over as the idle tales of quacks\\nand prophecy-mongers.\\nAt a supper in the Guises rooms the position\\nwas talked over; the Cardinal and the Archbishop\\nof Lyons were there, De Neuilly, Chapelle Marteau,\\nand without doubt the Duchesse de Montpensier\\nin her white damask, with the pink and green\\nembroidery, and her long skirt hiding the slight\\ndefect in one leg. The Duke s mother, too, was full\\nof anxiety at the constant warnings that reached\\nher.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "186 utd (jowcalne\\nParis conjure un grand meurtre commettre,\\nBlois lui fera sortir son plein effet.\\nLa cour sera en un bien facheux trouble,\\nLe grand de Blois son bon ami tuera,\\nwere two of the numberless doggerels that every\\none was quoting at the time. The Duke was\\nagain and again besought to beware of Christmas,\\nfor before the year dies you will be dead, had\\nsaid the prophet.\\nBut as if his destruction had already been fated\\nby a higher power, his usual prudence seemed for\\nthe time to have been cast aside, and even the\\nprayers of his mistress, the lovely Charlotte de\\nSauves, Marquise de Noirmoutier, could not pre-\\nvail on him either to strike the first blow or to leave\\nthe Court that was so full of danger for him, and\\nthe town that was notoriously hostile to the League.\\nBefore the breaking of the storm the King kept\\noutwardly very calm, and occupied his leisure in\\nobtrusively pious celebrations of the masses before\\nChristmas. On the evening of the 22d the last\\narrangements were made.\\nAt four o clock the next morning the King, who\\nhad not slept all night, was roused by Du Halde.\\nSeveral of the Quarante-Cinq were hidden in the\\nstaircase leading to the King s cabinet neuf", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "loid 187\\nothers were disposed in convenient hiding-places\\nalong the passages that led from the Council cham-\\nber to the royal apartments; others were put in\\nreadiness to secure the persons of the Cardinal and\\nthe Archbishop of Lyons as soon as the blow had\\nfallen.\\nThe King walked nervously from room to room\\nin the darkness of the December morning, seeing\\nthat all was ready, and listening to the chanting\\nof the monks in the alcove hard at hand, who were\\npraying for the success of this cowardly assassina-\\ntion. The members of the Council had been ex-\\nhorted, the last words of encouragement and warn-\\ning given to the Quarante-Cinq, swords and dag-\\ngers even had been served out to those who had\\nnone, the ministers were beginning to assemble in\\nthe great hall beyond, and still the Duke came not.\\nDe Guise, all unconscious of the imminent peril\\nhe was in, had spent the night with the fascinating\\nMadame de Sauves, and only left her at about\\nthree in the morning for his own rooms.\\nIt was after eight o clock when his valets aroused\\nhim, saying that the King was on the point of\\nleaving the chateau, and the Council waited. He\\nwalked across the courtyard of the castle to the\\nroyal apartments, beneath a dark and threatening\\nsky, Ce ciel sombre et triste, that was to over-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "188 Uid Oowcal\\nine\\nshadow the last moments of his Hfe. Upon the\\nterrace La Salle and D Aubercourt begged him to\\ngo back, and he crumpled in his fingers the ninth\\nnote of warning since the night.\\nAt the foot of the beautiful staircase/ beneath\\nthe statues and the twining leaves, is a man-at-\\narms, the Sieur de Larchant, who entreats the\\nnobleman in power for some favour for the Scottish\\nGuard from the King himself, and as the Duke as-\\ncends, the steps behind him are closed up with a\\ndouble file of soldiers, and all the castle gates are\\nbolted. A last message sent him in a handker-\\nchief failed of its purpose, and in another moment\\nhe is in the Council chamber, pale and cold with\\nthe night air, warming himself at the great fire,\\neating some plums, and jesting with the courtiers\\nwaiting with him.\\nThe pale face of Revol, the Secretary of State,\\njust then showed through the open door, and the\\nmessage came that His Majesty awaited the Duke\\nin the Cabinet vieux. De Guise put some of his\\nplums in a small box in his pocket, threw the rest\\nupon the table for the councillors, and with an\\nAdieu, messieurs, to them all, left the Council\\n1 Mezeray (iii. 734, fol. 1685) says that Chicot was on the\\nsteps, rubbing an old alumelle against the window, and\\nmurmuring, He j ay Guise.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "loid 189\\nchamber; the Sieur de Nambu shut the door be-\\nhind him.\\nThe miserable King was not in the room to\\nwhich De Guise had been summoned, and which\\nlay through a narrow passage to the left, but\\nwaiting in the Cabinet de travail at the other end\\nof his apartments, trembling behind a door until\\nhis cut-throats should have completed their task.\\nTurning to the left as he came out, the Duke\\nhas reached the end of the room that is crowded\\nwith his murderers, though he knows it not, for he\\nhas bowed to all of them, and gone his way\\ntowards the Cabinet vieux; there is a pressure on\\nhis foot, perhaps a warning, but it comes too late,\\nand the assassins are close round him.\\nWith a strange feeling of oppression and un-\\ncertainty he was half turning back, with one hand\\non his beard, when he felt the first dagger stroke\\nupon his neck. It was Montfery who grasped his\\narm, crying, Traitor, thou shalt die At the\\nsame time his legs were seized by Des Effranats,\\nSaint Malines stabbed him in the chest, and Loig-\\nnac thrust him with his rapier through the loins;\\nbut powerful still in his last agony, and with a loud\\ncry for help,^ he dragged his murderers, strug-\\n1 Le premier coup qu il receut luy faisant regorger le sang\\ndans le gosier, il ne put jetter qu un grand soupir qui fut\\nentendu avec horreur de ceux qui etaient au conseil (Meze-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "190 Old ^outatne\\ngling, from one end of the room to the other,\\nstaggering with arms outstretched, dull eyes with-\\nin their staring sockets, and mouth half-opened,\\nas one already dead.\\nAt last he fell beside the curtains of the bed.\\nThen came out the King, and with all the meanness\\nof his pitiful nature spurned with his heel the face\\nof the dying man a terrible reprisal this, for the\\ncruelty of De Guise himself to the gray hairs of\\nColigny; and the last sigh of the great duke, who\\nrendered up his strong spirit slowly and with\\nalmost unconquerable efifort, was received by the\\ncourtier who was kneeling down to rifle the pock-\\nets of the corpse; it was covered with a gray cloak,\\nand a cross of straw was thrown upon it.\\nIn the confusion that ensued among the crowd\\nin the ante-chamber De Guise s relatives were\\nseized, and the tragedy was completed when his\\nbody and that of the murdered Cardinal his brother\\nhad been burnt within the castle, and their ashes\\nscattered on the waters of the Loire.\\nCatherine de Medicis died a few days afterwards,\\nand within a year the King was murdered. The\\nsixteenth century ended red with the blood of its\\nchief actors, and the stage was cleared again for a\\nnew reign.\\nray, iii. 734, fol. 1685). For further details see authorities\\nmentioned in the Appendix.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "emif, Jjnc cie (jtuAi", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX\\nBLOIS (Concluded)\\nFy de la Ligue et de son nom,\\nFy de la Lorraine estrangere,\\nVive le Roi, Vive Bourbon,\\nVive la France, nostre mere.\\nFor the transgressions of a land many are the princes\\nthereof.\\nWith the murder of the Balafre the War of the\\nThree Henrys closed, for now that one was dead,\\nthe other two fell into each other s arms and com-\\nbined to crush the party of the League, which\\nstill writhed and tried to sting, although its head\\nwas gone.\\nA meeting between the King and Henry of\\nNavarre took place at Tours, and their combined\\narmy then moved towards Paris; but Henry HI,\\nwas destined never to enter his capital again, and\\nwas stabbed by Jacques Clement at St, Cloud.\\nWith the new reign that begins, the real history\\nof Touraine is over; the Court is seldom in its\\npalaces again; but there are still a few more events\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 13 193", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "194 did ^O\\nutaine\\nwhich are of interest before the story of the Chateau\\nof Blois is done.\\nAfter Gabrielle d Estrees had died and Mar-\\nguerite de Valois been divorced, Henry IV.\\nbrought Marie de Medicis from Italy as his wife.\\nHer magnificent reception and subsequent career\\nare portrayed in the glowing colours of Rubens s\\ngreat series of complimentary historical pictures;\\nbut the connection of Marie with the Castle of\\nBlois was only of the most humiliating description.\\nThe Vert Galant had been stabbed by Ravaillac\\nin the very midst of his pursuit of the lovely\\nPrincess of Conde, in the course of which he had\\nthreatened to set all Europe by the ears for the\\nsake of one woman, as Buckingham was to do after\\nhim; and during the reign of the next King, the\\nsombre Medicean Louis XIII., the position of the\\nQueen-mother had become one of very considera-\\nble difficulty. Her embarrassments, political and\\notherwise, at last landed her in the Chateau of Blois,\\nand there the King s favourite, De Luynes, showed\\nevery intention of keeping her shut up and out of\\nharm s way. The tortuous designs of Richelieu,\\nwho had accompanied her, were not yet clear; and\\nhe was ordered to leave her household and retire\\nto Avignon. The position of Marie de Medicis\\nbecame more and more intolerable, for De Roissy,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "lotd 195\\nthe governor of the castle, seemed to take pleasure\\nin making her captivity as odious as possible. De\\nLuynes set his mind at rest, and proceeded with his\\nown affairs at Paris, confident that the Queen-\\nmother would trouble him no more. But the nu-\\nmerous political executions, which were at this time\\nconstantly taking place, so roused the indignation\\nof the people, that the nobles resolved to take ad-\\nvantage of the crisis and liberate the Queen-\\nmother.\\nThe Dukes of Rohan and Montbazon resolved to\\neffect a reconciliation between the King and Marie\\nde Medicis at all costs. Her friends the Concinis\\nwere working for the royal captive, and they had\\nsent the Abbe Ruccelai to manage her escape from\\nBlois. That this was no easy matter is shown by\\nthe fact that it took two years to make the neces-\\nsary preparations. On 22d January 1619 D Eper-\\nnon left Metz with a hundred well-armed men, his\\nguards and personal attendants, his jewels, and\\neight thousand pistoles. His letters to the Queen\\nwere carried by treachery to De Luynes, who\\nfortunately disregarded them, and after much un-\\neasiness Marie heard at last that D Epernon was\\nat Loches, where a refuge had been arranged for\\nher.\\nOn the 2 1st of February 1619 a certain Cadillac", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "196 did =B.\\nouzatne\\nwas walking at midnight across the bridge, when\\nhe met some of the Queen s friends who had been\\nsent out to say that all was ready. They all went\\nto the foot of the wall in which her window opened,\\nwhere much agitated talking could be heard.\\nAfter great hesitation the Comte de Brienne ap-\\npeared down a rope-ladder, and Marie de Medicis\\nafter him, in an attitude more calculated for safety\\nthan for that dignity with which she had been por-\\ntrayed by Rubens. One ladder was enough for\\nthe poor Queen, who had had great difficulty in\\ngetting through the window, and was accompanied\\nby only a single waiting-woman; the rest of the\\ndescent from the platform to the ditch of the cas-\\ntle was made upon a cloak spread out upon the\\nslope. Friends were waiting at the bottom, and\\nwalked her quickly ofif, one upon each side; but\\nno carriage was to be seen. After a moment of\\nintense anxiety it was found hiding in a side street;\\nthen the royal jewels had been forgotten. More\\nsuspense till they were recovered, dropped in the\\nhaste of escaping, beneath the castle walls. At\\nlast the carriage started, and Marie de Medicis was\\nfree to begin plotting again with her clumsy Gaston\\nagainst the astute and omnipotent Richelieu.\\nGaston had neither the skill to foil him nor the\\ncourage to assassinate him, and no Aramis or Por-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "told 197\\nthos was at hand to help, for Monsieur d Orleans\\nhad an evil notoriety for abandoning his friends to\\ntheir fate without lifting- a finger to save them; so\\nhe failed as he was bound to do, and found him-\\nself sent into exile, after the Fronde had given the\\njfinal death-blow to his schemes, to the Chateau\\nof Blois.\\nHere, in 1635, he was living with his solemn\\nCourt; and Mademoiselle de Montpensier his\\ndaughter, La grande Mademoiselle, as she was\\ncalled, gives a pitilessly accurate account of the\\nwearisome etiquette of the Duke of Orleans house-\\nhold. Monsieur dissertoit, distinguoit, Hesitoit\\ncomme a I ordinaire. After both the King and\\nQueen had followed Richelieu to the tomb, the un-\\nlucky Gaston heard once more the shouts of Vive\\nle Roi which had grown so distasteful to his en-\\nvious ears, and the quiet of his Court was inter-\\nrupted by the visit of the young King Louis.\\nAt the end of April 1644 John Evelyn had come\\ndown the Loire by boat from Orleans to Blois, and\\nhis diary is worth quoting to describe for us the\\nstate of the chateau at this time. They arrived in\\nthe evening, and noticed the stately stone bridge\\non which is a pyramid with an inscription. At the\\n1 Compare De Retz: Monsieur n agissait jamais que quand\\nil etait presse, et Fremont I appelait I interlocutaire income.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "198 Old ^outaine\\nentrance of the castle, he continues, is a stone\\nstatue of Lewis XII. on horseback as large as Hfe,\\nunder a Gothic state/ Under this is a very wide\\npayre of gates nailed full of wolves and wild boars\\nheads. Behind the castle the present Duke Gas-\\ntion (sic) had begun a faire building through\\nwhich we walked into a large garden, esteemed for\\nits furniture one of the fairest, especially for simples\\nand exotic plants, in which he takes extraordinary\\ndelight. On the right hand is a long gallery, full\\nof ancient statues and inscriptions, both of marble\\nand brasse; the length, 300 paces, divides the\\ngarden into higher and lower grounds, having a\\nvery noble fountain. From hence we pro-\\nceeded with a friend of mine through the adjoining\\nforest to see if we could meete any wolves, which\\nare here in such numbers that they often come and\\ntake children out of the very streetes; yet will not\\nthe duke, who is sov raigne here, permite them to\\nbe destroyed. Bloys is a town where the\\nlanguage is exactly spoken; the inhabitants very\\ncourteous; the ayre so good, that it is the ordinary\\nnursery of the King s children.\\n1 This is the statue that was destroyed in the Revolution.\\nThe old inscription ran\\nHie ubi natus erat dextro Ludovicus Olympo\\nSumpsit honorata regia sceptra manu\\nFelix quae tanti fulsit lux nuncia Regis\\nGallica non alio principe digna fuit.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "Loid 199\\nEvelyn came too soon to see the streets of the\\ntown decorated for the entry of the young King\\nLouis XIV., the great State carriages, huge\\nmachines of wood and leather with enormous nails,\\nGenoa velvet curtains and wide wheels; to watch\\nthe musketeers in their brilliant uniform, the light\\nblue cosaque with a great star on breast and back,\\nthe long-plumed hat, and high soft boots to the\\nknee. The gay procession goes laughing on to the\\ncastle, and from the windows in the court above us,\\nwhich had just been filled with the terrible shadows\\nof the murdered Guises, it was a relief to hear the\\nwhispers of that roguish Montalais as she pointed\\nout the young Vicomte de Bragelonne to Louise\\nde la Valliere. Mazarin was adding up accounts\\nin his bedroom on the other side, and the exiled\\nEngHsh King was asking D Artagnan the way to\\nLouis XIV. s apartments.\\nBut the visit did not last long. Mademoiselle\\ntells us the Court were bored to death, as well they\\nmight be; and the King was soon away to meet his\\nSpanish bride, without a thought that the young\\nmaid-of-honour he had seen at Blois was one day\\nto hold so tender a place in his impressionable royal\\nheart.\\nThis was the last of the splendour of Blois. Gas-\\nton returned to his solemnity and his gardening,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "200 did\\nowcaine\\nand after his death in 1660 the whole place was\\ndismantled.\\nArthur Young, passing it in 1787, could still be\\nshown the details of the Guises murder, and his\\neminently practical reflections thereupon are worth\\ntranscribing. The character of the period, says\\nhe, and of the men that figured in it, were alike\\ndisgusting. Bigotry and ambition equally dark,\\ninsidious, and bloody, allow no feelings of regret.\\nThe parties could hardly be better employed than\\nin cutting each other s throats. So far our honest\\nagriculturist, who happily finds much soil suited\\nto his taste farther on in the Sologne plains, and\\nleaves Blois to be still further defaced by the Rev-\\nolution which followed hard upon this peaceful\\nvisit.\\nIn the terrible devastations of 1793 Blois suffered\\nlike the rest for its royal recollections, and was as\\nusual converted into barracks; in 1871 it served\\nas an ambulance for the wounded in the Franco-\\nPrussian war; and finally it is restored to-day with\\nan abundance of care and thought worthy of the\\nstructure which holds so many memories. The\\nrooms are even too vividly restored, as we have\\nnoticed, with brilliant colourings on ceiling and on\\nfloor, and gorgeous tapestries on all the walls; but\\nthey only need kindly time to soften them again,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "c/Slold\\n201\\nand they are peopled for ever with the shadows of\\ntheir history.\\nBut much as there is for the traveller to see in\\nthe great Chateau of Blois, he must by no means\\nleave the town with only the royal palace explored.\\nHe will find numerous churches all well worth his\\nvisiting; he will see, most beautiful of all, the\\nHotel d Alluye, where Florimond Robertet, the\\nfamous secretary, lived, and from the gardens that\\nslope downwards to the river he will see the other\\nbank of the stream, the country of the Sologne, and\\nthe bridge that points him on to Chambord, where\\nPorthos, kindly giant, might have found a home,\\nwhen Bracieux close by became too small for him.\\nThe history with which these pages have had too\\nhastily to deal is now brought to its farthest point.\\nFrom chateau to chateau we have followed it till\\nthe chain that began with the Plantagenets at\\nChinon is broken with the murder of the Balafre\\nat Blois. The seventeenth century is the century\\nof the intrigues of Paris, the age of Versailles and\\nFontainebleau, and Touraine is all but neglected\\nby the Court. Yet it is impossible to leave Tou-\\nraine without visiting the gigantic Chambord,\\nwithout glancing, though but for a moment, at a\\nfew more of the noble houses scattered through the\\nprovince, without finishing the brief sketch of the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "202 did\\noutatne\\ncentral town of Tours which was begun earlier in\\nthis book.\\nThese last things, then, we have left to do, and\\nthen bid the traveller wander at his will^\\n1 Nearly all the notes from which the foregoing chapters\\nwere written were taken during the summer and autumn of\\n1890. A few changes noticed on a short visit in 1891 will be\\nfound in the Appendix. At the present moment (December\\n1891) I hear that Chenonceaux has at last actually found a\\npurchaser; but there is a loss to record as well; the Abbey\\nof Cormery has been all but completely ruined by the storms.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "(okambozd", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXI\\nCHAMBORD\\nLedict bastiment estoit cent fois plus magnifique que n est\\nBonivet ne Chambourg ne Chantilly car en icellui estoient\\nneuf mille trois cents trente et deux chambres, chascune garnie\\nde arriere chambre, cabinet, garderobe, chapelle, et issue en\\nune grande salle. La vie tres horrHique du grand Gargantua,\\ncap. liii.\\nThe road that leads from Blois to Chambord\\ncrosses the Loire by a fine stone bridge, which the\\ninscription sets forth to be the first public work of\\nLouis Philippe.\\nFor some distance the rails of a small tramway-\\nfollowed the road by which our carriage was slowly\\nrolling towards the level plains of the Sologne, but\\nwe gradually left such uncompromising signs of\\nactivity, and came into a flat country of endless\\nvineyards, with here and there a small plaster tower\\nshowing its slated roof above the low green clusters\\nof the vines. We passed through several villages,\\n1 These towers may very possibly be modern erections con-\\nnected with the cultivation of these enormous and apparently\\nuninhabited regions, but they are very like the old watch-\\n205", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "206 Old\\noutattie\\nwhose inhabitants that day seemed to have but one\\ncare upon their minds, Hke the famous Scilly\\nIslanders, to gain a precarious livelihood by taking\\nin each other s washing. On every bush and briar\\nfluttered the household linen and the family apparel,\\nof various textures and in different states of dis-\\nrepair; and with that strict observance of utility\\nwhich is the chief characteristic of the French\\npeasant, the inevitable blouses of faded blue were\\nbeing blown into shapeless bundles even along the\\nrailings of the churchyard tombs.\\nAt last we came to an old moss-grown wall, and\\nthrough a broken gateway entered what is called\\nthe Park of Chambord. There is very little of it\\nto be seen now, the trees have been ruthlessly cut\\ndown and mutilated, and of the wild boars which\\nFrancis I. was so fond of hunting there is left only\\nthe ghostly quarry that Thibault of Champagne\\nchases through the air, while the sound of his\\nghostly horn echoes down the autumn night as the\\nphantom pack sweeps by to Montfrault.^\\ntowers which M. Prosper Merimee reproduces from a fifteenth-\\ncentury MS., showing the beacons that flamed from its roof,\\nwhile watchdogs beneath are couched behind an encircling\\nhedge of wattles.\\n1 Called in the country the Chasse du comte Thibault (le\\nTricheur), or the Chasse Machabee. Touraine has also\\nits danse macabre, the chasse du roi Hugon. In Poitou\\nthere is the chasse Galerie, with many other examples for", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "Gliamhozd 207\\nThe woods that inspired such graceful reflections\\nin Pelisson s letter to Mademoiselle de Scudery\\n(1668) have little left of the romantic now; indeed\\nwhen Arthur Young drove through them a century\\nago the only reflections they suggest to him are\\nthat if the King of France ever formed the idea\\nof establishing one compleat and perfect farm under\\nthe turnip culture of England, here is the place for\\nit. And Paul Louis Courier would have thor-\\noughly agreed with him.\\nAt the end of a sufficiently long avenue, the very\\nghost of an avenue, which only showed more deso-\\nlation upon either hand as it advanced, could be\\nseen at last what seemed a village in the air. Grad-\\nually the village showed its foundations on the solid\\nearth, and we were soon beneath the shadow of the\\nenormous towers of Chambord, towers of immense\\ngirth yet with a somewhat squat expression, which\\nwe found out afterwards was the result of the dis-\\nproportionate elaboration of the upper parts of the\\nbuilding. There are thirteen great staircases in\\nthis wilderness of hewn stone, not to mention the\\nnumberless smaller ones, and four hundred and\\nmore rooms of various sizes; the resulting impres-\\nsion, though we were spared from seeing more\\nthe comparative mythologist of the widespread story of the\\nSpectre Huntsman.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "208 6Ld S.\\noutatne\\nthan about a quarter, was that of a vast and com-\\nfortless barrack, and as all its sixteenth-century art\\ntreasures had perished ,with the rest of the furniture\\nand fittings in the vast bonfire of the Revolution,\\nthe great empty rooms had even less chance than\\nwas perhaps fair of showing how far their size was\\nequalled by their comfort.\\nIt is impossible for the uninstructed mind to\\ngrasp the plan or method of this mass of architect-\\nure; yet it is unsatisfactory to give it up, with Mr.\\nHenry James, as an irresponsible, insoluble laby-\\nrinth. M. Viollet le Due, with a sympathetic de-\\nnial of any extreme and over-technical admiration,\\ngives just that intelligible account of the chateau\\nwhich is a compromise between the unmeaning\\nadulation of its contemporary critics and the igno-\\nrance of the casual traveller.\\nChambord, says he, must be taken for what\\nit is; for an attempt in which the architect has\\nsought to reconcile the methods of two opposite\\nprinciples, to unite in one building the fortified\\ncastle of the Middle Ages and the pleasure-palace\\nof the sixteenth century. Granted that the attempt\\nwas an absurd one, it must be remembered that the\\nRenaissance was but just beginning in France;\\nGothic art seemed out of date, yet none other had\\nestablished itself to take its place. In literature, in", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "(?lic (3/iateau of Ohaml^otd", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "(okambo cci 209\\nmorals, as in architecture, this particular phase in\\nthe civilisation of the time has already become\\nevident even in the course of these small wanderings\\nin a single province, and if only this transition\\nperiod is realised in all its meaning, with all the\\nmonstrous and inform characteristics that were\\ninevitably a part of it, the mystery of this strange\\nsixteenth century in France is half explained, of\\nthis glorious devil, large in heart and brain. That\\ndid love beauty only, and would have it some-\\nwhere, somehow, at whatever cost.\\nFrancis I. had passed his early years at Cognac,\\nat Amboise, or Romorantin, and when he first saw\\nChambord it was only the old feudal manor-house\\nbuilt by the Counts of Blois. He transformed it,\\nnot by the help of Primaticcio, with whose name\\nit is tempting to associate any building of this\\nKing s, for the methods of contemporary Italian\\narchitecture were totally different; but, as M. de\\nla Saussaye proves, by the skill of that fertile school\\nof art and architecture round Tours and Blois, and\\nmore particularly of one Maitre Pierre Trinqueau,\\nor Le Nepveu, whose name is connected with more\\nsuccessful buildings at Amboise and Blois. The\\nplan is that of the true French chateau; in the\\ncentre is the habitation of the seigneur and his\\nfamily, flanked by four angle towers; on three\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 14", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "210 did ^1\\nOLizatne\\nsides is a court closed by buildings, also with towers\\nat each angle, and like most feudal dwellings the\\ncentral donjon has one of its sides on the exterior\\nof the whole.\\nThough all ideas of a practical defence are sacri-\\nficed to produce a dwelling-house, yet this house is\\nfurnished with secret stairways, with isolated tur-\\nrets, with numberless facilities for what the gallant\\nM. Viollet le Due calls les intrigues secretes de\\ncette cour jeune et toute occupee de galanteries,\\nwhich kept up the constant semblance of a mimic\\nwar. Michelet, romantic as ever, explains the\\nstrangeness of the plan of Chambord by the state\\nof mind in which the grandson of Valentine Vis-\\nconti returned from his prison at Madrid; but the\\nchateau of Longchamps with the exquisite work\\nof Girolamo della Robbia, which was begun only\\na year after (1527), seems sufficient contradiction,\\nif that were necessary, to this last theory.\\nIt may well be imagined that Chambord is the\\nparody of the old feudal castles, just as the Abbey\\nof Thelema parodies the abbeys of the twelfth and\\nthirteenth centuries. Both heaped a fatal ridicule\\nupon the bygone age, but what Rabelais could only\\ndream Francis could realise, yet not with the unfet-\\ntered perfection that was granted to the vision of\\nGargantua; for surely never was the spirit of the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "(jkambo cd 211\\ntime seized and smitten into incongruous shapes of\\nstone at so unfortunate a moment, just when the\\nearly Renaissance was striving to take upon itself\\nthe burden which was too heavy for the failing\\nGothic spirit, just when success was coming but\\nhad not yet come.\\nBut Mrs. Mark Pattison has pointed out one\\ngreat danger of criticising the castle as it is now.\\nBurdened, says this writer,^ by the weighty\\nlabours of Louis XIV., weakened by eight improv-\\ning years at the hands of Stanislas Leczinski,\\nmutilated by Marshal Saxe, the Chambord which\\nwe now go out from Blois to visit is not the Cham-\\nbord of Francis I. The broad foundations and\\nheaving arches which rose proudly out of the waters\\nof the moat no longer impress the eye. The\\ntruncated mass squats ignobly upon the turf, the\\nwaters of the moat are gone, gone are the deep\\nembankments crowned with pierced balustrades,\\ngone is the no longer needed bridge with its\\nguardian lions.\\nIt is only from within the court, where the great\\ntowers fling their shadows over the space, where\\npinnacles and gables soar into the air, and strange\\ngargoyles and projections shoot from the darkness\\ninto light, that it is possible to realise the admira-\\n1 Renaissance of Art in France, vol. i. 55.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "212 Old Oowcatne\\ntion which Chambord roused when it was first\\ncreated. Brantome waxes enthusiastic over its\\nwonders, and describes how the King had drawn\\nup plans (mercifully never c*arried out) to divert\\nthe waters of the Loire to his new palace, not con-\\ntent with the slender stream of Cosson, from which\\nthe place derived its name/ Others compare it to\\na palace out of the Arabian Nights raised at the\\nPrince s bidding by a genie, or like Lippomano,\\nthe Venetian ambassador, to the abode of Mor-\\ngana or Alcinous but this topheavy barrack is\\nanything rather than a monument feerique it\\nmight with as much humour be called a souvenir\\nde premieres amours, as the learned M. de la\\nSaussaye has it. Both these descriptions fit Che-\\nnonceaux admirably; when used of Chambord\\nthey are out of place.\\nThe praises of contemporary critics may have\\nbeen more genuine when they drew attention to the\\nmarvellous staircase in the middle of the chateau,\\nwhich is the first thing to which the guide directs\\nhis visitors. This is indeed a gigantic freak of\\n1 Chambord is apparently the correct spelling, not Cham-\\nbourg from which it would seem that the name is derived\\nfrom the Celtic cam (French courbe), from the turn which\\nthe Cosson takes at this point, and rhyd, a ford or passage.\\nCf. Cambridge the passage over the twisting river.\\nM. de la Saussaye, Chambord, p. 44.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "Gharnbotd 213\\nfancy, and worthy of the buildings which contain\\nit, where Gargantua and Pantagruel might have\\nwandered amid congenial surroundings.\\nIt has two openings, and by imagining two huge\\ncorkscrews one within the other, whose curves\\nascend together yet never touch except at their\\nextreme edges, the perplexed visitor strives to un-\\nderstand how it comes about that his companion,\\nwho is mounting upward like himself, can never\\nmeet him though never be completely lost.\\nFrom the country visible from the open top of\\nthis staircase, one of the chief ornaments of the\\nroof, it is perhaps possible to assign a reason for the\\nposition of the old castle, which is confirmed by a\\nmanuscript in the library of Blois. The place\\nseems originally to have formed part of a system\\nwhich guarded the approaches of the Loire, and\\nmade it possible for Joan of Arc to move up the\\nriver to Orleans. This old fortress of the Counts\\nof Blois and Champagne passed with the rest of the\\nestates to the family of the Dukes of Orleans, and\\nthrough them to the Crown, at the accession of\\nLouis XII.; this it was that his successor Francis\\nchanged into an unwieldy hunting-seat in 1526.\\nFor twelve years eighteen hundred workmen la-\\nboured incessantly at the task, and it was handed\\non to the next reign unfinished.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "214 Old Ooutaine\\nHere came Francis towards the end of his life,\\nwhen he sought vainly to forget the fever that was\\nin him by wild hunting excursions throughout his\\ngreat estates in Touraine, and with him his sister,\\nthe Queen of Navarre, his rare pale Margaret,\\nwhose eyes, ever trembling through the dew of\\ndainty woful sympathies, were anxiously watching\\nher idolised brother in his sickness. It was in one\\nof their conversations that Francis, perhaps grown\\nwiser with experience, echoed Virgil with his lines\\nupon the fickleness of woman. Tradition says that\\nthe pane of glass which so ungallantly preserved\\nthe words\\nToute femme varie\\nMai habil qui s y fie,\\nwas broken by a later King whose philosophy was\\nnot yet proof to the fascinations of Louise de la\\nValliere.^\\n1 There has been much controversy about this famous in-\\nscription. Even the phrasing of it differs in every authority,\\nespecially for the second line. There are three proofs from\\nwhich I have argued its existence, (i) The statement in the\\nLettres Inedites de la Reine Marguerite, Partie i^e; (2) the\\ntestimony of Brantome, an eye-witness, et I ayant leu en\\ngrande lettre, y avoit ce mot Tout femme varie {Brantome\\ned. Lalanne, t. ix. p. 715) (3) in 1682 Bernier (Histoire de\\nBlois, p. 8) says Ton y voit cette rime, etc. Whether it\\nwas Louis XIV. or not who destroyed it, it exists no longer;\\nand even the signature which M. de la Saussaye considers to\\nbe that of Francis is totally unlike his handwriting in the\\nMSS. of the Bibliotheque Nationale.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "Qkambord 215\\nCharles IX. came here after Francis I. had gone\\nto hunt shadowy boars in the Elysian fields, but\\nthere was not much happening at the castle for the\\nnext few reigns. Henry IV. found himself far too\\nbusy to leave Paris, and too happy at Fontainebleau\\nwith Gabrielle d Estrees, who probably found Che-\\nnonceaux far more to her taste when she went ex-\\ncursions into the country.\\nLater on Louis XIII. was wandering in his mel-\\nancholy way through the corridors of Chambord,\\nwith his arm in that of his favourite for the time\\nbeing. Mettons nous a cette fenetre. Monsieur,\\nhe was saying, et ennuyons nous apparently\\nthis was the one occupation of a monarch who was\\nmore thoroughly bored with himself and others\\nthan any crowned head in Europe. Vexed with\\na morbid devil in his blood, That veiled the world\\nwith jaundice, his very love affairs were so mo-\\nrosely platonic that the Court almost lost interest\\nin their incidents. It was at Chambord that this\\ntimid lover, wishing to take a note from the fair\\nMademoiselle de Hautefort, who had hidden it in\\nher bosom, advanced to capture the missive with a\\npair of tongs.^ His father could have taught him\\n1 The science of correct dates will very soon make any ro-\\nmance in history impossible. It is argued that because the\\nlady was born in 1616, and Chambord was given to Prince\\nGaston in 1626, this incident did not occur. Tallemant des", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "216 6Ld ^o\\nlizaine\\nbetter manners, more gallantry or less of clum-\\nsiness.\\nIn the fourth act of Victor Hugo s drama we can\\nsee the curtain lifted for a moment upon the Court\\nat Chambord. There is the King, who finds it\\nhard enough to live, without the added trouble of\\na kingdom, striving to shake off the power of\\nRichelieu, whose scarlet robes so terribly suggest\\nthe powers of his of^ce. La pourpre est faite\\navec des gouttes de leur sang. There is the Due\\nde Bellegarde, laughing with the Marquis de Nan-\\ngis, while a Mousquetaire stands sentinel before\\nthe royal door; De Retz is Jiere too, and L Angely\\nthe jester, and the Vicomte de Rohan, who makes\\na strange discovery behind the arras, for Marion de\\nLorme is there, pleading in terrible earnest for her\\nlover s life.\\nReaux, whom Dumas considers a sufficient authority, relates\\nit; and why should it not have been at Chambord, where\\ntradition insists that the event took place, and where the\\ncourtiers who laughed over the Bourgeois Gentilhomme were\\nstill told the story that had lasted to their days in all its\\npiquancy? The place where Mademoiselle de Hautefort hid\\nthe innocent epistle had achieved a certain amount of reputa-\\ntion in French literature Boisrobert writes of a pearl that\\nwas equally fortunate\\nNe te plains pas du piege ou je te vols tombee,\\nRiche perle qui fais le plaisir de nos yeux\\nLa gorge qui t a derobee\\nFait des larcins plus precieux", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "G/iambotd 217\\nIt was not often that so interesting a scene\\ntook place at Chambord. When in 1626 the castle\\nbecame the property of Monsieur Gaston, brother\\nof the King, the small Mademoiselle de Montpen-\\nsier found much innocent amusement in laughing\\nup and down the winding steps of that perplexing\\nstaircase, while her solemn father mounted with her\\nto the open lantern at the top. Gaston, with his\\nred beard and sleepy eyes, was probably as mys-\\ntified as his more lively daughter; but Gaston sel-\\ndom laughed, and would never admit his perspi-\\ncuity to be at fault. It would have been fortunate\\nfor him, perhaps, if the problem of that staircase\\nhad been the only one his dull brains had tried to\\nfathom, or if he had kept to his botanical researches\\nwith his physician, Albert Brunyer. His attempts\\nat politics only revealed, by the dastardly aban-\\ndonment of Chalais, of Cinq Mars, and De Thou,\\nthat to his general faults of ignorance and incapac-\\nity must be added the severer blame of an un-\\npardonable ingratitude.^\\nBut with nothing save a staircase to recommend\\nit by way of frivolous amusement, it is easily intelli-\\n1 Monsieur, says that acute observer, De Retz, etait un\\ndes hommes du monde le plus faible, et tout ensemble le plus\\ndefiant et le plus couvert il faisait en toutes choses\\ncomme font la plupart des hommes quand ils se baignent ils\\nferment les yeux en se jetant dans I eau.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "218 Old ^i\\noutaine\\nigible that Chambord was no favourite with the\\nDianes and Gabrielles of the period; and Madame\\nde Maintenon, at a time when Louis XIV. gave\\nthe place one of its few glimpses of royal gaiety,\\nseems to have spent her time there chiefly in quar-\\nrelling with Madame de Montespan. It was in one\\nof the great rooms on which the staircase opens\\nthat Louis XIV. sat, solemn and bored, amid a\\nsympathetically jaded Court to hear the first per-\\nformance of Pourceaugnac. Moliere was ill, and\\nLulli, who had on the instant filled the vacant place,\\nwas in despair at the array of long-drawn faces\\nlistening wearily before the stage. Something\\nmust be done to rouse the King. Our courageous\\nLulli suddenly bounds across the footlights, and\\nfrom the debris of a discomfited orchestra joyfully\\ndetects the peal of royal laughter that greets this\\nunexpected piece of acting. The play ended in a\\ngeneral applause. Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme was\\nmore successful, and at once, as it deserved to be.\\nIt is amusing to detect the satisfaction of M, I Am-\\nbassadeur from the Levant, who takes to himself\\nall the credit of the Turkish metamorphosis and\\nsuperintends the correct Eastern costume and\\nmise-en-scene for M. Moliere.\\nIn 1725 the luckless Stanislas Leczinski found a\\nhome here, to mourn over his lost Poland, and left", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "(okambotd 219\\nan appropriate memory of kindliness and charity\\namong the scattered peasantry of the neighbour-\\nhood.\\nThe next tenant was of a very different character.\\nThe astonished villagers could now hear words of\\ncommand echoing from the terrace, and see squad-\\nrons of horse wheeling to and fro under the orders\\nof the conqueror of Fontenoy.\\nMaurice de Saxe, the newcomer, owed his birth\\nto a strange and still unexplained event. In 1695\\nSophia Dorothea, wife of the Electoral Prince of\\nHanover, was sent suddenly to prison in the for-\\ntress of Ahlden, and her lover, Count Philip von\\nKonigsmarck, simultaneously disappeared. His\\nsister, Aurora von Konigsmarck, went to seek help\\nfrom Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony, and\\nthe negotiations resulted in the birth of Marshal\\nSaxe. After a rough education, he went to France\\nand waited for a chance of fighting, consoling him-\\nself in the interval with Adrienne Lecouvreur. He\\nwas six feet high, with good features, blue eyes, and\\nblack arched brows, and needed only the address\\nwhich every Konigsmarck possessed to prove him-\\nself capable of procuring consolation whenever\\nhe might need to seek it.\\nAt last, in 1740, came the league against Maria\\nTheresa and five years afterwards, though he had", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "220 Old\\nouzame\\njust been tapped for dropsy and was carried in a\\nlitter on the field, chewing a bullet to ease his rag-\\ning thirst, he had defeated Cumberland at Fontenoy\\nand opened the way to the Scheldt. He was re-\\nwarded with the estate of Chambord, which he\\nforthwith decorated with his captured cannon and\\nfilled with his bodyguard of Uhlans, and then pro-\\nceeded to forget as fast as possible the politics\\nwhich had given him his chance of victory. I\\nknow nothing about your infernal reasons of state,\\nhe cried to the Comte de Maurepas, and at once\\nbegan to thoroughly enjoy himself after his own\\nmanner.^\\nFetes and reviews, such as had not been seen\\nsince the building of the chateau, were now the\\norder of the day; and the Marshal would soon\\nhave killed himself off in the ordinary course of\\nevents, had not an old enemy appeared to save him\\nthe trouble. A letter was suddenly brought one\\nmorning from a carriage that had just driven\\nthrough the park. Marshal Saxe at once went out,\\nattended only by an aide-de-camp, and disappeared\\nin one of the alleys branching out into the forest\\nfrom the main drive. In a short time he was car-\\n1 By an actress, Mademoiselle Veneres, he had a daughter\\nAurora who married a M. Dupin de Francueil, and became\\nthe mother of George Sand, whom we have heard of already\\nat Chenonceaux.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "Ghambo tcl 221\\nried home badly wounded. There had been a duel\\nwith the Prince of Conti, who had been his enemy\\never since the Flanders campaign of 1747, and the\\nMarshal had been worsted.\\nThe doctors could do nothing for him, and like\\nRabelais he went with a laugh to seek the grand\\npeut-etre. Life, said the dying general, is\\nbut a dream. Mine has been short, but it has been\\na good one.\\nIt is strange that almost the only bit of the old\\nfurniture left by the Revolution was the great mar-\\nble table on which the body of Marshal Saxe had\\nbeen embalmed. This same outburst of revolu-\\ntionary iconoclasts came very near puHing down\\nChambord altogether, which at any rate deserved\\nto remain when once it had been built; and after\\nrefusing to sell it to a society of Quakers, who\\nhoped to make use of it no doubt in some pacific\\nschemes of manufacture, they pulled down all the\\nfleurs-de-lys within reach and otherwise mutilated\\nthe place, according to the Republican standard.\\nAnd when Madame la Duchesse de Berry visited it\\nin 1828, she must have been astonished to find the\\ndisorder which a few regiments with a proper spirit\\ncan effect in the strongest Royalist abode.\\nChambord was at this time the property of Henri\\nde Bourbon, who, though he was an exile, took his", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "222 Old uoutaine\\ntitle from this estate in France, which had been\\npresented to him by national subscription. The\\nsubscription itself is chiefly memorable for the\\nbrilliant pamphlet which it evoked from Paul Louis\\nCourier, the Simple Discours du Vigneron de la\\nChavonniere.\\nIn 1870 Chambord was garrisoned in earnest by\\nthe French, who were as usual taken by surprise\\nby a German attack and compelled to make a stra-\\ntegic movement to the rear. In the next year the\\nComte de Chambord wrote the famous letter about\\nthe white flag of the Bourbons, on one of the few\\nvisits he ever made to the estate. This amazing\\nepistle, says Mr. Henry James, which is virtu-\\nally an invitation to the French people to repudiate\\nas their national ensign that immortal tricolour, the\\nflag of the Revolution and the Empire, under which\\nthey have won the glory which of all glories has\\nhitherto been dearest to them. The logic of the\\nComte de Chambord was inevitable and fine, if un-\\nfortunate. It ruined the Legitimist cause; but the\\nlast of the Bourbons could not, for any reason, have\\nturned his back on the white flag.\\n1 The pamphlet begins Si nous avions de I argent a n en\\nsavoir que faire, toutes nos dettes payees, nos chemins repares\\nje crois, mes amis, qu il faudrait contribuer a refaire\\nle pont de Saint Avertin mais d acheter Chambord\\npour le due de Bordeaux je ne suis pas d avis.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "^Iie \u00c2\u00a3antezn, (jhdteati of (jliambozd", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "Gkambotd 223\\nThe Prince s rooms, decorated with the most\\nimpossible of tapestries presented by the ladies of\\nFrance, are exhibited by the guide, and his vast\\ncollection of extremely military toys of great per-\\nfection of workmanship and detail. There is also\\nhere an excellent statue of the Madame Elizabeth\\nwho so courageously attempted to save the Queen,\\nand at the last died with her. It is one more me-\\nmento among many, of the terrible efifects of the\\nRevolution.\\nOur last, and perhaps most satisfactory, visit was\\nto the forest of masonry upon the roof. Chimneys\\nhad expanded into monuments and lanterns into\\nmausoleums, yet none of the grace with which the\\nchimneys are treated at Azay or Chenonceaux is\\nvisible; nothing strikes the onlooker but a massive-\\nness without much object, in which any beauty of\\ndetail is only thrown away.\\nOnly as we began to drive homewards, in the\\nslanting rays of sunset, did the Towers of Cham-\\nbord begin to look more attractive. The stunted\\naspect of the masonry became less perceptible, and\\nwith the last tint of rose-red light upon its lofty\\nfleur-de-lys, Chambord, as we left it, seemed finer\\nthan it had been before. Chateaubriand s poetical\\n1 Chiefly consisting in squares and diamonds of slate let\\ninto the surface of the stone.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "224 OLd Ooiizalne\\ndescription seemed more justified the brilliant\\nbutterfly of the Renaissance striving to burst\\nthrough its still visible chrysalis of Gothic tradi-\\ntions, the laced and ruffled head of the cavalier ap-\\npearing above the strong joints of his armour, the\\nbeauty that was sought for and so nearly won,\\nshowed clearer than the failure which had at first\\noppressed us.\\nThe drive back returns to Blois by a different\\nroad and we came in sight of the cathedral with a\\nmagnificent sunset sky behind it. The darkening\\nriver shone with a reflected golden light, while the\\nblack towers above it stood out against a bank of\\namber clouds that faded into violet and gray.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "(Jozay-le- QjiDtdeau", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXII\\nAZAY-LE-RIDEAU\\nCe chasteau est ung des beaulx des gentils des mignons\\ndes mieulx elaborez chasteaulx de la mignonne Touraine, et\\nse baigne tousiours en I lndre comme une galloise princiere.\\nThe Chateau of Azay-le-Rideau was built in 1520\\nby Gilles Berthelot, a relation of the Brigonnet,\\nBeaune, and Bohier families, to whom Touraine\\nowes so many of its graceful homes. It is re-\\nmarkable not so much for its history as for its\\nextreme beauty as a type of the pure early French\\nRenaissance architecture, untouched by the Italian\\ninfluence of Primaticcio. The old fortress-dwell-\\ning is entirely discarded, nor is any attempt made,\\nas at Chambord, to unite the feudal fortress to the\\nhunting-seat. While Le Nepveu was actually at-\\n1 The name is apparently derived from one Hugues Ridel,\\none of the knights-banneret of Touraine instituted by Philip\\nAugustus, originally destined to command the road from Tours\\nto Chinon. The old chateau was taken by the Burgundians\\nin the reign of Charles VI., and retaken by the Dauphin in\\n1418, to be altogether rebuilt in the next century. Its new\\nowner, Berthelot the financier, was involved in the usual dis-\\ntresses which seemed the inevitable portion of the Beaunes\\nand Bohiers, and died of grief at Cambrai in 1529.\\n227", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "228 did ^0\\nutatne\\ntempting a tour de force that from its very\\nnature could but be doomed to failure, the walls of\\nAzay-le-Rideau were rising at the bidding of a per-\\nfect and consistent plan. The luxuriant fancy of\\nthe architect has given itself free play in making as\\nbeautiful a dwelling-place as could be well imag-\\nined, and using only those details of the old for-\\ntress architecture which gave solidity to the whole\\nwhile they added to the picturesqueness of its\\nvarious parts. The old master masons had well-\\nnigh disappeared, and in their place had arisen the\\nbrilliant school of Jean Bullant, of Pierre Lescot,\\nof Jean Goujon, who, while Maitre le Roux and Le\\nPrimatice were working at Fontainebleau, formed\\nin France the strong national artistic Renaissance\\nthat remained almost untouched by innovations\\nfrom the schools of Rome and Florence.\\nAzay-le-Rideau is built in the form of an L upon\\nits side, with the entrance in the courtyard formed\\nby the meeting of the long arm of the letter with\\nits base. At each corner is placed with exquisite\\neffect a turreted and crested tower, and by an ex-\\ntremely happy turn of the angle of the building\\nwhich is nearest to the entrance bridge across the\\nriver, an effect of distance and beauty of line is\\nsecured unequalled among the series of architect-\\nural triumphs.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "Qke (jkateau of o^zai^-U-cJiDtdeau", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "Cbzaij-Le-cJiDideaii 229\\nNor is the setting of this rare building unworthy\\nof the gem it holds. Under the bridge, guarded by\\ntwo sculptured lions, flow the waters of the Indre,\\nthat turn again in graceful curves beneath the win-\\ndows of the chateau, and are fringed with banks\\nof pleasant green shaded by limes and cedars. The\\nwinding walks lead round towards the other side,\\npast a carved gallery of stone with curved steps lead-\\ning downwards from the windows to the water, past\\nthe corner tower, to the long facade. Here, as in the\\nentrance court, the walls are covered with carved\\npanels, the bands that mark the different stories are\\naccentuated with graceful ornament, the very\\nchimney-tops are decorated with raised broidery,\\nand beneath the deep-cut line of the embrasures,\\nmarking the low fall of the roof, the windows set in\\nsculptured frames have their full value and effect.\\nRound the next corner, in the quiet pool, swim the\\ngreat carp preserved for the table of the Marquis,^\\nlazily floating beneath the balcony that looks out\\nupon the water.\\nAmong the trees lies hidden a small chapel, res-\\nonant with the rapid waters that fall in silver foam\\nupon each side and rush beneath its stone floor;\\n1 The present owner is M. le Marquis de Biencourt, by whom\\nan added grace of tasteful habitation is given to the rooms\\nof Azay.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "230 Old ^outaine\\nand from this point a particularly charming view of\\nthe angle that holds the central court within may\\nbe obtained. It is in this central court that the\\ncarving on the walls is brought to its greatest per-\\nfection. Worthy in some parts of Jean Goujon s\\nchisel, it gives a singularly rich effect of fretted\\nlace-work among the lights and shadows of the\\ngraceful corner towers, and, every pretence of for-\\ntification having been cast aside, rises to its high-\\nest excellence in the work above the entrance.\\nMrs. Mark Pattison gives the following description\\nof it The first frieze shows bas-reliefs of the\\nsalamander of Francis L, and of the ermine of\\nClaude of Brittany, his wife, who lay dying at Blois\\nin July 1524, when this chateau was in course of\\nbuilding. On the plinth which supports the two\\nwindows of the pediment the same devices appear;\\nthen a little arcade connects the ground floor with\\nthe upper stories, the pilasters and other members\\nof which are covered with arabesques which may\\nchallenge comparison for beauty of design with\\nthe most exquisite passages produced at a later\\nperiod.\\nAzay-le-Rideau should be seen last of the cha-\\nteaux of Touraine, for as it is perhaps the most beau-\\ntiful and perfect of them all, so its beauty gains by\\nits association with all that is best and most attrac-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "(%zai/-le-cJaicleau 231\\ntive; for in the shrine of Azay is gathered the whole\\ngallery of faces of those who have made the his-\\ntory of Blois, of Amboise, of Chenonceaux, of\\nFrance; and the chateau, that is happy in its own\\nlack of history and intrigue, gathers up within its\\nsculptured walls the memories of all that was worth\\nkeeping of the old life that throbbed and struggled\\nin the larger chateaux, and left them ruined or de-\\nfaced. If the traveller who has seen the hot sun-\\nshine of the summer beat upon the walls of Loches\\nand Chinon, or light up the halls of Blois, is so\\nfortunate as to come to Azay in the cool, clear air\\nof autumn, when the delicate colouring of its oaf ven\\nbalconies is framed in the gold and crimson of the\\nchanging leaves, he will find, as we found, just\\nsuch an ending to his own travels, just such a com-\\npletion to his memories, as his imagination could\\ndesire.\\nNo catalogue has yet been made of the most\\ninteresting pictures in the chateau; but among\\nthem all should be picked out the exquisitely clear\\nand careful presentment by F. Clouet of the face\\nof Catherine de Medicis. This work is in the\\nChambre des Rois, where Francis I. and Louis\\nXIV. slept on their various visits.^\\nAmong many portraits of Francis I., perhaps\\nSee list of pictures in the Appendix.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "232 Old Oowcaine\\nthat in the first guest-room is the best. There is\\nthe long nose, the insufferable smile upon his lips\\nthat curl upward satyr-like towards the narrow\\neyes, the crisp close-cut brownish beard, the pink\\nsilken sleeves and doublet. Above him, in stern\\ncontrast, hangs the face of Calvin.\\nBut in the salon are the greatest treasures of the\\nwhole collection. Here is the charming Marie\\nStuart in youth, painted with exquisite care and\\nrefinement, with her young husband in the same\\nframe beside her; here is the great picture of\\nHenry II. on horseback, with the interlacing\\nletters on his harness that cover the walls of Che--\\nnonceaux; here are the haggard eyes of Charles\\nIX., full of the nameless terrors of the wild night\\nof St. Bartholomew, and weighed down in mor-\\ntal melancholy by the fatal counsels of his moth-\\ner. Marguerite of Navarre is here as well, and\\nthe relentless face of Anne de Montmorency, the\\nstern Constable, Coligny, white-haired and ven-\\nerable, and the weak revolting countenance of\\nHenry III.\\nUpon the other wall is the bright child s face of\\nCharles IX. before the plots of Catherine de Medicis\\nhad wrecked him soul and body. Near him is the\\nPucelle d Orleans and Philip of Burgundy; while\\nAnne of Austria, still striving to be beautiful,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "Cbzaif-U-c/ljldeau 233\\nis showing off the fairest hand and arm in\\nFrance.\\nAll the ages of French History look down upon\\nus from the panels as we pass. In another guest-\\nroom is the beautiful laughing face of Henrietta\\nof England, whose young husband with his effemi-\\nnate eyes and satin bows had watched us in the\\nroom before. Farther on is Mademoiselle de\\nMontpensier in the merry days of her girlhood, too\\ncruelly placed near the great red hat that shades\\nher disappointed face in later life. Near to this is\\nthe small bourgeoise head of the Pompadour, next\\nher contemporary Mademoiselle de I Enclos, ever-\\nlastingly invincible, and opposite to these the\\nstately figure of Madame de Maintenon.\\nBut the list grows long of grave and gay, of\\ngood and bad, all thrown together as they never\\nwere in life, and all for the first time meeting under\\none roof, never (let us hope) to be separated again.\\nOld faces glimmered thro the doors,\\nOld footsteps trod the upper floors.\\nThere seemed a strange reality about this great\\ncompany of the illustrious dead. It must have\\nbeen here that Gautier dreamed of the old manor-\\nhouse where, as the evening falls, the portraits step\\ndown from their frames.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "234 Old ^ou\\ntaine\\nD un reflet rouge illuminee\\nLa bande se chauffe les doigts,\\nEt fait cercle a la cheminee\\nOu tout a coup flambe le bois.\\nL image au sepulcre ravie\\nPerd son aspect roide et glace,\\nLa chaude pourpre de la vie\\nRemonte aux veines du passe.\\nIt seemed no easy thing to step from so vivid\\na resurrection of the past into the present that was\\nbeneath, as we descended towards the entrance\\nhall by the fine staircase, the chief glory of the\\nchateau, that is panelled with the portraits of the\\nkings of France; and where the towers of the old\\nchurch showed among the trees beyond the park,\\nwe wandered slowly back across the murmuring\\nIndre, and left Azay-le-Rideau veiled in the soft\\nbeauty of a golden mist.\\nChateau du Souvenir, adieu\\nThere are some Angevine traces about the architecture\\nof this church, says Mr. Petit {op. cit.), but the oldest\\npart, now the north aisle, the tower, and its eastern apse,\\nseem, as in other instances, to have constituted formerly the\\nwhole church.\\nEven in the eleventh century, when under the direction of\\nthe Abbey of Cormery, this church is spoken of as old, and\\nstill shows traces of ninth and tenth century work. There\\nare some particularly curious archaic statuettes and carvings\\nalong the front.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "Qke (Down of Oouzd and ltd\\nazzoundin^d", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIII\\nTHE TOWN OF TOURS AND ITS SURROUNDINGS\\nMonuments de la vieille France,\\nPasse plus frais que I avenir,\\nOu trouverai-je une esperance\\nEgale a votre souvenir\\nWith Chambord and Azay-le-Rideau the list is\\nended of those typical castles in the valley of the\\nLoire which must of necessity be visited. The\\nhistory in which they bore a part ended in the story\\nof the last Valois king at Blois. The school of\\narchitecture of which they furnish so many brill-\\niant examples has reached its highest point of\\ndelicacy and perfection in the achievement of Azay.\\nIt only remains to indicate quite briefly a few of\\nthose castles which have been left almost unmen-\\ntioned. Though of less interest, whether historical\\nor architectural, than those already described, yet\\nthey cannot be omitted from the shortest sketch of\\nwhat can be seen and learned in the extraordinary\\ndistrict between Blois and Saumur which, for want\\nof a more accurate name, I have called Old\\nTouraine.\\nBlois, like Tours, is a centre from which it is\\n237", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "238 Old\\nowcaine\\npossible to do much. Chambord and Chaumont\\nwe already know; but there are two other chateaux,\\nCheverny and Beauregard, within a drive of Blois,\\nwhich have yet to be explored. After keeping\\nfor a long time in the shadow of the forest, the\\nroad from Blois reaches the quiet little village of\\nCheverny, and a short distance farther on passes\\nthe old church of Cour-Cheverny with its fine\\nroofed porch; opposite to this is the gateway of\\nthe chateau, which is very large and white and\\nmodern-looking, built with pavilions on each side\\nin the style of Versailles, and with the foundations\\nwith which Mansard had already familiarised us in\\nthe newest part of Blois.\\nThe best pictures are in the grand salon, where\\nis the face of the founder Philippe Hurault, Comte\\nde Cheverny, Chancellor of France in the reign of\\nHenry IV. Opposite to him is his wife Anne de\\nThou, a relation of the friend of the unhappy Cinq\\nMars, who perished on the same scafifold. Their\\ndaughter is above the mantelpiece, a Scotch-look-\\ning woman with black hair strung with pearls.\\nBut the finest work of art in the whole chateau\\nis the portrait of Cosmo de Medicis when quite\\nyoung, which hangs on the right hand of the door;\\nit has unfortunately been retouched all round the\\nface in 1827, but is not seriously damaged; the", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "Glievetny 239\\ntreatment of the armour and lace, the masterly\\ntouches in the growth of the hair round the temples,\\nand the magnificent breadth of the style would al-\\nmost suggest that, did dates allow of it, this pict-\\nure was the work of Titian.\\nIn the next room is an excellent pencil sketch by\\nRobert le Fevre of Charles X., with his falling un-\\nder lip and high-bridged nose. The rest of the\\nground floor is chiefly decorated with the advent-\\nures of Don Quixote, painted on the panels of the\\ngallery and dining-room.\\nA carved stone staircase leads to the Salle des\\nGardes above, which rejoices in an extremely well-\\npreserved floor and ceiling, while the long row of\\ntall windows looking out upon the park lights up\\nto the full a room whose fine proportions are un-\\nconcealed by any attempt at furniture. The walls\\nonly, besides their appropriate decoration of tro-\\nphies and suits of armour, are lined at the bottom\\nwith panel paintings of various flowers, each with a\\nLatin motto. But the most extraordinary room in\\nthe chateau is the small chambre des rois be-\\nyond, wherein is the first parquetry made after tiles\\nwent out. The walls are completely covered\\nwith tapestry and painting, and within this appro-\\npriate setting is the legendary-looking bed in\\nwhich the good chancellor died in 1599.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "240 did S.\\noutaine\\nOn the left hand of the road that leads back to\\nBlois, in the midst of the Forest of Russy, stands\\nanother chateau filled with pictures, with the appro-\\npriate name of Beauregard. There is the same\\nstrangely new appearance here as we had noticed\\nat Cheverny, for probably little remains of the old\\nchateau to which Jean du Thier (as Ronsard tells\\nus) brought home in 1545 the Pindar and Simon-\\nides he had saved from Constantinople. The col-\\nlection of pictures was begun by the minister Paul\\nArdier early in the seventeenth century, and com-\\nposes a complete series of fifteen reigns down to\\nLouis XIV., placed in the long gallery floored\\nwith tiles that represent a whole army of the reign\\nof Louis XIV.; this must have been much as we\\nsee it now when Mademoiselle de Montpensier\\ncame to visit De Vineuil here and talked over the\\nintrigues of the Fronde and the doings of the great\\nConde.\\nBesides these pictures there are some three\\nhundred and fifty of them there is not much to see\\nsave a charming sketch by Watteau in the drawing-\\nroom, of the Duchesse de Dino, the chatelaine at\\nthe beginning of the present century.\\nBefore travelling westward again, there is Ramo-\\nrantin to be seen, where Louise de Savoie first\\nbrought up her young son Francis, and where later", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "o/oamo cantin c/Ibontzic/iazcl 241\\non she saw the comet in the sky that presaged his\\nsuccess at Marignano. Upon the banks of the\\nCher is Montrichard, one of the many strongholds\\nof Foulques Nerra, and now terribly damaged by\\nthe vandalism of 1793; on almost every eminence\\nthat rises from the vine-clad plains the traveller\\nDecouvre du vieux manoir\\nLes tourelles en poivriere\\nEt les hauts toits en eteignoir,\\nand nearly all are filled with memories of the\\nFronde; for here the chief actors in those troublous\\ntimes came to repose a little from the feverish in-\\ntrigues of Paris, to talk a little quiet scandal, like\\nDe Retz, or to lie perdue till the storm blew\\nover, like Madame de Chevreuse and many more\\nof the beautes de qualite, who mixed up politics\\nwith gallantry and claimed the lead in both.\\nFrom his chateau east of Loches, between the\\nIndre and the Cher, the Due de Montresor would\\nride across to Tours to talk to Madame de Chev-\\nreuse of the impossibility of rousing Gaston d Or-\\nleans to anything approaching consistent policy or\\ncourageous support to his allies; or stop at Mont-\\nbazon, a little farther northward down the Indre,\\nto hear the latest news of Marie de Rohan s quarrel\\nwith the Duchesse de Longueville. Of Mont-\\nVoL. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 16", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "242 did bo\\nazattie\\nbazon little is left now save the ruins of a castle,\\nbuilt when men knew how to build, upon a rock\\nwith turrets lichen-gilded like a rock, and even\\nin those times it seems to have fallen into disrepair,\\nfor the family lived chiefly at the Chateau of Cou-\\nzieres, where the tale still lingers of the terrible\\nend that befell the Duchesse de Montbazon, whose\\nbeauty De Retz praises so highly and whose vices\\neven he cannot condone. In a famous sentence he\\nhas summed her up Je n ai jamais vu personne\\nqui eiit conserve dans le vice si peu de respect pour\\nla vertu.\\nThe last of her lovers was one Armand de Ranee,\\nan ecclesiastic of easy morals, like the Coadjutor\\nhimself, who preached like an angel all the fore-\\nnoon, and hunted like a devil all the evening. The\\nbeauty of Marie de Rohan, perhaps too the strange\\nattraction of her wild and unrestrained abandon-\\nment in the pursuit of pleasure, on horseback or\\nafoot, had completely fascinated the Abbe de\\nRanee; with one last effort to shake ofif the spell he\\naccepted the chance of employment in negotiations\\nwith the Vatican. But he could not stay in Italy;\\nin the groves of the Campagna, in the corridors of\\nthe Vatican, the memory of Marie was with him\\nstill, and he could not rest away from her. After a\\nhurried journey back he rode to the Chateau of", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "oiiziezed 243\\nCouzieres late on an evening, too wrapped up in\\nhis own thoughts to see a strange air of sudden\\ndesolation in the place, or notice that the servants\\nwere in black; he was on familiar ground, and was\\nsoon through the side-door and mounting the\\nsecret staircase to her room.\\nThere were two candles burning in it as he en-\\ntered, with a faint light that showed him the\\nduchess lying on her bed he rushed across the\\nroom and kissed her passionately upon the lips;\\nthe white face fell from him heavily, and her head\\nrolled down between his feet.\\nHow the unhappy lover fled from the room, with\\nwhat thoughts of a husband s vengeance, of the\\nterrible greeting that had been placed for him, we\\nknow not; but it was Armand de Ranee who was\\nthe first Abbe Commandataire de la Trappe, and\\nsought perhaps, in the silence of the Trappiste\\nmonasteries, forgetfulness.^\\nIt was to Couzieres that Marie de Medicis came\\nfrom Montbazon, after she had escaped from the\\n1 Such is the legend the truth (as far as it will ever be\\nknown) is almost as strange. While De Ranee was away a\\nsudden attack of smallpox had killed the Duchess, who was\\none of the finest riders and tallest women of her time the\\ncolifin that was hurriedly provided for her burial had proved\\ntoo short, and the corpse could only be put in without its\\nhead, which was cut ofif and laid upon a silver tray and this\\nwas what the Abbe saw.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "244 did\\noutaine\\nChateau of Blois and had been persuaded to leave\\nAngouleme; De Retz and Luynes had met her at\\nPoitiers, and at Couzieres the Dukes of Guise and\\nMontbazon joined them, to witness her reconcilia-\\ntion with Louis XIII. after which the whole Court\\nleft, with an exaggerated gaiety, to see the fetes\\nat Tours.\\nThe chateau from which the Marechal de Luynes,\\nthe King s favourite, took his title is close to Tours,\\na little westward down the Loire; it stands upon\\na hill looking down upon the fields that slope\\ntoward the river, and is approached by a fine bridge\\nvery like that at Chinon. The place was called\\nMaille before Louis XIII. had given his favourite\\nthe title, and there are still standing relics of a far\\nolder time, in the great Roman aqueduct which\\nbore the waters of the stream behind the Church of\\nSt. Vernant to the fort which defended the old road\\nto Le Mans.^\\nThe name of yet another favourite in the same\\nreign is recalled by the strange Pile de Cinq Mars,\\na little farther down the valley. An explanation\\nhas already been suggested for this strange erec-\\ntion; it may well have flashed signals for the Lan-\\nMalliacense Castrum (Mabille).\\n2 These ruins were ruins already in the time of Gregory of\\nTours, who says of the convent there, ab antiquis vallatum\\naedificiis jam erutis.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "uroni a poztzatt in loffiti Cfallety, (J Lozence", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "Gincj c/lBatd cJiDickeiieu 245\\nterne de Rochecorbon to pass on to Amboise, but\\nno reasonable account of its building and design\\nhas been as yet forthcoming. Upon the hill a little\\nhigher up are the ruins of a chateau, three round\\ntowers, the smallest with a pointed roof, and lower\\ndown a smaller tower, detached, that may have\\nbeen the outworks of the entrance gate. It is ap-\\npropriate that the memorials of so sad a fate, of so\\nunexplained a character, should be ruins as strange\\nand as decayed as these; De Vigny has told the\\nwhole sad story of the sudden rise to power, the\\nhopeless love, the whole career of Cinq Mars, from\\nhis leaving home at Chaumont till his execution\\nwith De Thou. It is but one more trace of the\\nsinister influence of Richelieu, who built one of the\\ntowns in Touraine, with whose memory all these\\nCastles of the Fronde are filled. It was down the\\nLoire that the Cardinal was borne in his last\\nillness, in the vast litter which was carried into the\\ntowns at night, where gates built only for an ordi-\\nnary prince were far too narrow, through breaches\\nbattered in the walls, as though by a besieging\\narmy. Many breathed more freely in the town of\\nRichelieu,^ and in all Touraine, when that strong\\nspirit passed away. II avait assez de religion\\npour ce monde, says the broad-minded De Retz,\\n1 A few miles south of Chinon.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "246 Old ^outaine\\nil aneantissait par son pouvoir et par son faste\\nroyal la majeste personnelle du roi, and it was for\\nthis mastery over the King, for this subjection in\\nwhich he held all France, that Richelieu was chiefly\\nhated in Touraine, one of the last strongholds of\\nthe feudal nobility who had opposed him to the\\nlast.\\nWe have drawn very close now to our journey s\\nend, to the town of Tours itself. Upon the other\\nside, eastwards, is the tall shaft poised upon a\\nprecipice which is known as the Lanterne de\\nRochecorbon; it is all that is left of the chastel\\ndeschiquete et taillade comme ung pourpoinct\\nhespaignol, which Messire Bruyn built when he\\nreturned from the crusades to marry his young\\nwife.\\nThe next estates to his were those of the great\\nAbbey of Marmoutier,^ within which the seven\\nsleepers slept for five-and-twenty years, and appar-\\nently remained in unchanged slumber after death.\\nThe little cells within the solid rock wherein St.\\nMartin and St. Gatien lived and prayed, are still\\nto be seen; but the modern buildings (of the\\nSacred Heart) contrast somewhat too sharply with\\nthe bygone religious memories which the place un-\\nconsciously awakens, and which are preserved in\\nthe old door and shortened spire, alone, that face\\n1 This word is said to be mains monasterium", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "J^leddid-lez-uowcd 247\\nthe entrance. But the impressions of the modern\\nMarmoutier are at least far preferable to the ter-\\nrible disappointment that awaits, the visitor to\\nPlessis-lez-Tours; he must boldly discard the vision\\nthat the scenes of Quentin Durward conjured up, he\\nmust approach with more than one sense blunted\\nto the possibilities of offence, for the abode of the\\nonce dreadful Louis is reduced to an evil-smell-\\ning shed filled with the carts of the night scav-\\nengers.\\nThere can still be traced (chiefly in the imagina-\\ntion of the attendant ghoul) the outline and the\\nwalls and ditches of the park, the httle nook beneath\\na stairway where Balue was hidden in his cage, and\\ncertain problematical and earthly hollows which are\\nsupposed to lead by subterranean passages to the\\ntown of Tours; at their other end was the house\\nof Tristan I Hermite; the house that is called his,\\nat any rate exists, and though nearly certainly\\nbuilt in the next century, it is worth a visit for its\\nown sake; for the outside, which is decorated with\\na twisted cord (at once put down as the somewhat\\ntoo obvious badge of Tristan s office), has a quiet\\nharmony of colour in the lines of brick and stone;\\nand the little court within, from which rises a tall\\ntower with a winding stair, is a pretty example of\\nthe domestic architecture of the time.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "248 0U 6.\\nowcaine\\nThe presence of the Court at Plessis, which was\\nnot always so offensive after all, was often the oc-\\ncasion of festivities in the Town. Mystery Plays,\\nprocessions, and receptions often occupied the\\ngood citizens, who, as we have seen, were quite\\ncapable of taking their part in anything artistic.\\nTheir trade, too, flourished; in the birthplace of\\nJean Fouquet, of Michel Colombe, of Francois\\nClouet, the arts were not likely to fall into neglect,\\nand in 1546 the Venetian Marino de Cavalli\\nnotices one branch of industry in which those arts\\nwere used, the manufactories of silken work and\\ntapestry at Tours, he says, are of the best in\\nFrance; the silk from Spain and Italy was sent\\nthere, and Venetian workmen were encouraged to\\ncome over to teach the Tourangeaux all that they\\nknew of weaving broidery and tissues. In the year\\nbefore this, just as the right-hand tower of the Ca-\\nthedral was being brought to its completion, a\\nRoyal Charter had been granted for two fairs at\\nTours in March and in September, at which silks\\nand cloth of gold and silver, as good and fine as\\nthose of any foreign manufacture, were always on\\nsale. These great fairs stopped in 1616, but were\\nrevived again in 1782, and still take place each\\nwinter and summer along the Quai beside the\\nLoire.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "^ouzd 249\\nOne of the great features of the public reception\\ngiven to Charles IX/ was an arch with an inscrip-\\ntion referring to\\nLa Soye, honneur de cette ville,\\nDonnant la vie aux peuples avec leurs mains.\\nImmediately after the Colonel of Infantry, in the\\nprocession that came out to greet the King, was the\\nCompany of Silk-makers clad in black velvet hats\\nwith green cord, in leather of the King s colour,\\npourpoints of taffetas cramoisy and black col-\\nlars. Mercers, armourers, and jewellers followed,\\nand a brave array of butchers who were magnifi-\\ncently dressed and very brawny men, wearing blue\\nhats and scarlet doublets. Last came the Sieurs\\nde la Bazoche, the town company of actors, who\\nhad right cunningly secured permission from the\\nSilk Mercers, par une invention rare et magni-\\nfique, to wear taffetas cramoisy, and black vel-\\nvet hats as well.\\nThe next royal reception was to Henry III.\\nand his mother, in which devices were scattered\\nthroughout the town with complimentary refer-\\n1 See La description de V entree du tres Chretien Roy Charles\\nIX. du noin, en sa ville de Tours, par Jehan Cloppel, a Tours\\npar Ollivier Tafforeau Imprimeur demeurant pres les Corde-\\nliers, 1565, a rare little book in the Bibliotheque Nationale.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "250 ULd Ooutaine\\nences to the peace-loving virtues and general amia-\\nbility of Catherine de Medicis. Tours was at this\\ntime in great happiness and prosperity, and Gi-\\nrolamo Lippomano, the Venetian, sends home a\\nglowing account of the pastures and beeves, the\\nwine, the fruit, the corn, that grew in such abun-\\ndance, the silks and merchandise that vied with\\ngoods from Naples and from Lucca.\\nBut the town was not to be wholly untouched by\\nthe political and religious quarrels of the sixteenth\\ncentury. In 1588, certain printers found them-\\nselves forced to quit Paris after the disturbances at\\nthe end of Henry III. s reign, and fled to Tours,\\nwhere they formed a society for the publication of\\ncertain works in demand.^ Their deed and agree-\\nment is still in existence.\\n1 See Une Association d imprimeurs et de libraires de\\nParis refugies a Tours au xvi. siecle. Janet Mettayer. Marc\\nOrry. Claude de Montr oeil. Jehan Richer. Matthieu Guille-\\nmot. Sebastien du Molin. Georges de Robet. Abel Langel-\\nlier. Tours, imp. Rouille Ladeveze, 1878, 8vo. Their publi-\\ncations are rather rare, and I have only seen two, which are\\nRecueil de la Harangue faicte a V ouverture du Parlement, par\\nM. C. Servain, 1589, and La Pucelle d Orleans Restituee, par\\nJean Beroalde de Verulle, 1599.\\nThe first Guide-book I can discover for the town and dis-\\ntrict was published in 1592 by Isaac Frangois Sieur de la\\nGirardie at Tours.\\nL. Vitet in La Ligue gives a list of the many political pam-\\nphlets published at this time, in a small duodecimo edition, with\\nnarrow margins, and thick type such as the Machiavel, printed", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "^oatd 251\\nThe beginning of 1589 was an agitated time in\\nmany ways for the town that was so near the place\\nwhere Guise had been murdered; a more interest-\\ning meeting than any seen that century came off\\nin the gardens of Plessis when Henry of Navarre\\ncame from the Protestant assembly at La Rochelle,\\nthe only one of all his suite who had a cloak to\\nwear or a feather in his hat, the famous panache\\nblanche that led the way at Ivry.\\nThe last of the Valois embracing the first of the\\nBourbons must have been a strange sight for those\\nof the courtiers who had watched the long strug-\\ngle between the three Henrys; but now Guise was\\ndead, and Catherine de Medicis, his bitterest enemy,\\nwas gone, there was nothing to hinder the King of\\nNavarre from coming forward to take his true\\nposition. The murder of the King by Jacques\\nClement still further cleared his pathway to the\\nthrone of France, and with his reign the next cen-\\ntury seemed at last likely to have rest from civil\\nwars.\\nTours itself had not escaped the last efforts of\\nthe League there had been hard fighting on the\\nbridge and in the faubourg of St. Symphorien, from\\nwhich Mayenne s men were only with difficulty\\nat Tours, which Henry III. was reading Just before the murder\\nof the Due de Guise.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "252 Old ^1\\nouzatne\\ndislodged, after several churches had suffered ter-\\nribly from the rude treatment of the defenders of\\nthe Catholic Faith,\\nOne more reminder of De Guise s murder re-\\nmained in a tower of the Fortress by the river\\nhis young son, the Prince de Joinville, had been\\nimprisoned there, and in 1593 escaped with singu-\\nlar daring and success. On his way to mass, he\\nsuddenly laid a wager with his guards that he could\\nrun upstairs again quicker than they could; he\\nreached his room first, bolted the door, and with a\\nlong cord which had been brought him by his\\nlaundress, slipped out of window with a bar be-\\ntween his legs, and dropped from fifteen feet.\\nWith shots whistling round his ears, he rushed\\nround the walls to the Faubourg de la Riche, where\\nhe found a baker s horse and leaped upon its back;\\nthe saddle turned round and threw him, and a\\nsoldier came up suddenly it was no enemy, but\\nby a happy chance, a Leaguer who gave him a\\nfresh mount; in a few moments he was past the\\ntown and had soon put the Cher between himself\\nand his pursuers.\\nThe town still prospered; and its manufactures\\nhad received further encouragement by the Edict\\nof Nantes about 1598. The King had even or-\\ndered mulberry trees to be planted round Paris,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "Ooutd 253\\nTours, and Orleans, and the first book published on\\nthe art of silk-making appeared, by one Jean Bap-\\ntiste Letellier, But the next century saw a terrible\\nchange.\\nThe question of religion now becomes inextrica-\\nbly mixed up with the commercial issues which are\\nat stake, for at the head of the silk-weaving indus-\\ntry were the numerous families of Huguenots who\\nfor some time had been flourishing within the town;\\nnor had their presence there been without suffer-\\ning; so far back as 1544, persecutions had begun in\\nthe town of those heretics whose doctrines were\\nfirst heard of twenty years before. Some of the\\nleading Huguenots were even taken to Paris to be\\nburnt, to serve as a more striking warning to the\\nrest. At last in 1562 came the inevitable result of\\nthe massacre at Amboise. In the library at Tours\\nis a horribly faithful representation of the slaying\\nof the Huguenots throughout the town, and even\\nin boats and barges on the river. There was of\\ncourse vengeance upon the other side, when\\nConde s army ten years later opened the town\\nagain to the victorious Protestants, and towards\\nthe end of the century the presence of Henry of\\nNavarre did much to strengthen the Huguenot\\n1 See the excellent little work on Protestantism in Touraine\\nby M. Dupin St. Andre, now Minister at Tours.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "254 etd ^0\\niLzaine\\ncause. At last it seemed possible, in spite of sud-\\nden outbursts of fanaticism, that the two religions\\nshould live side by side. The Huguenots, more-\\nover, had justified their presence by their skill in\\narts and industries, particularly in the silk manu-\\nfacture, which was always the staple of commerce\\nof the place.\\nSuddenly, upon the i6th May, 1685, the Revoca-\\ntion of the Edict of Nantes fell like a thunderclap\\nupon the town. The Huguenots dispersed to\\nSwitzerland, to Holland, to the southern shores of\\nEngland, even to America, carrying the secrets of\\ntheir commerce with them, and, what was worse,\\nfollowed by their workmen. Out of a total of\\neighty thousand inhabitants, fifty thousand went;\\nthe silk industry was destroyed or carried across\\nthe Channel, to enrich the English at the expense\\nof whole populations of the working French.\\nIt is not too much to say that the town never\\nrecovered from the shock; it is only in the last ten\\nyears that the old prosperity seems coming back\\nagain. Already much of what John Evelyn saw,\\n1 The years after the Revocation of the Edict were unpros-\\nperous for many reasons besides the loss of the silk industry:\\nit was the time when the inequality and injustice of taxation\\nso convincingly pointed out by De Tocqueville was at its\\nheight. Even in 1761 the Societe d Agriculture at Tours writes\\nto complain bitterly of the unfair pressure of certain feudal\\nrights on the country populations.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "boiled 255\\nwhen he came here for nineteen weeks, took a\\nmaster of the language and studied very dili-\\ngently, is gone for ever. Both the church and\\nmonastery of Martin are large, he writes, speak-\\ning of buildings which now exist only in name,^\\nhaving four square towers, fair organs, and a\\nstately altar, where they show the bones and ashes\\nof St. Martin, with other reliques. The Mall with-\\nout comparison is the noblest in Europe for length\\nand shade, having seven rows of the tallest and\\ngoodliest elms I had ever beheld, the innermost of\\nwhich do so embrace each other and at such a\\nheight that nothing can be more solemn or majes-\\ntical. No city in France exceeds it in\\nbeauty or delight. This was written before the\\nRevocation had devastated the town, Evelyn saw,\\ntoo, the tomb of Ronsard, who died at St. Cosmo\\nin 1585, in the chapel of Plessis-lez-Tours, and was\\nso fortunate as to meet the Queen of England, who\\nwas entertained at the archbishop s palace on her\\nway to Paris.\\nGreat efforts had been made to restore the sink-\\ning fortunes of the town, and when Arthur Young\\ncame here in 1787, he could speak of the new\\nstreet (the Rue Royale) of large houses, built of\\n1 Save for the two towers, with a waste of street between,\\nmelancholy landmarks of the great church that once existed.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "256 did S.\\nowcatne\\nhewn white stone with regular fronts, which had\\njust been laid out, though even now several of the\\nowners refuse to incur the expense of filling up the\\ndesign. They ought, however, to be unroosted\\nif they will not comply, cries the Englishman. He\\nsaw too several fine pictures in the chapel at Plessis,\\nand heard with regret that the corporation had\\nofifered the old trees in the Park for sale. One\\nwould not wonder, he reflects frankly enough, at\\nan English corporation sacrificing the ladies walk\\nfor plenty of turtle, venison, and madeira; but that\\na French one should have so little gallantry is in-\\nexcusable.\\nBut worse things than this were soon to happen.\\nIn 1792 the town was celebrating a fete to Lib-\\nerty, and all the chateaux in the valley suffered in\\nthe general turmoil. The citizens were busy listen-\\ning to the Hymn to Great Men, to a Discourse\\nto the Nations, to a Hymn to Reason, or sing-\\ning tumultuously after this fashion\\nLes ennemis du nom frangais\\nSur Tours ont forme des projets,\\nMais on les attend la,\\nA Tours on les fera\\nVoir de vrais sansculottes;\\nVive le son\\nDu canon", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "^ouzd 267\\nIn 1815 the enemy were at the gates in earnest:\\nthe Prussians and the Allies were encamped in St.\\nSymphorien.\\nBut after the fever of the Revolution had some-\\nwhat calmed, after the terrible fighting in La\\nVendee had ceased, Tours began slowly and stead-\\nily to recover, in a quiet prosperous time of harvest\\nand repose. These were the days when English\\nmost did congregate at Tours. The handbook of\\n1841 reports two English churches, where not one\\nnow exists, and speaks of the trout fishing to be had,\\nand of the seventy English families who throve and\\nmultiplied in their new colony among the vine-\\nyards.\\nThe war of 1870 seems to have frightened them\\naway. In the autumn of that year Leon Gambetta,\\nescaping in his balloon from Paris, carried on the\\nGovernment in the Palais de Justice of Tours be-\\nfore the Assembly at Bordeaux was constituted.\\nIt was in that winter that the Germans occupied the\\nheights above the town, which was absolutely in-\\ncapable of making any defence. But the traces of\\nthe so-called siege have vanished, and the town\\nhas resumed its quiet advance towards material\\nprosperity.\\nThe statue of Balzac looks down the Rue Royale\\nhe loved so well, towards the Quai where Rabelais\\nVol. n.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 17", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "268 did\\nouzaine\\nand Descartes look upon the town; behind them\\nstretches the valley of the Loire. It is a fascinating\\nvalley, full of history, full of romance. The Plan-\\ntagenets have lived and died here, the Black Prince\\nhas fought up and down the river, Sir Walter\\nRaleigh served his first campaign here with the\\nProtestants, even King Arthur has been heard of at\\nAmboise. Here are scenes that Turner has painted,\\nwhere Landor and Wordsworth have watched the\\nsetting sun; here in the heart of France, in the\\nmost French of all her provinces, there seems a\\nspecial interest for the Englishman, a special beauty\\nin this royal river flowing past Fontevrault to the\\nsea, in this broad smiling landscape clad with\\nvines,\\nWhere from the frequent bridge,\\nLike emblems of infinity,\\nThe trenched waters run from sky to sky.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "Chj^endl\\ntoco", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "Chppendix\\nI. Itinerary\\nThe traveller may find it convenient to have a few\\nother places in Tours and its neighbourhood pointed\\nout for his especial notice. Information concern-\\ning them is easily procurable (especially from the\\nbooks already recommended), and they are col-\\nlected here merely to avoid his missing them. Be-\\ntween the two best hotels, the Hotel de I Univers\\nand the Hotel du Faisan, there is very little choice;\\nthe first is on the Boulevards not far from the\\nmain line station, the second in the Rue Royale:\\nboth are good. The Rue Royale (or Nationale,\\naccording to your politics) runs straight through\\nthe town from the Palais de Justice on the Boule-\\nvards to the great stone bridge over the Loire. At\\nNo. 39, Balzac was born. On the Quai to the\\nright, in what is now a barrack, is the Tour de\\nGuise. In visiting the Cathedral, the traveller\\nshould especially notice the old glass in the choir,\\nthe tomb of Charles VIII. s children, and the ex-\\ntraordinary staircase poised upon the keystone of\\nS61", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "262 6U B.\\noutatne\\nan arch, by which he will be conducted to the sum-\\nmit of one of the towers. Two great towers are\\nall that is left of St. Martin s Cathedral and Abbey.\\nNear the Tour de Charlemagne the Cloister of St.\\nMartin must particularly be seen, as one of the\\nfinest examples of Renaissance carving in the town.\\nThe date of this cloister is given as 1508 in p. 141\\nof M. Grandmaison s Documents Inedits pour Servir\\na I Histoire des Arts en Touraine. The Church of\\nSt. Julien, too, near the Rue Royale, should be\\nvisited it had been begun by the historian Gregory\\nof Tours in 576, was destroyed in 856 by the Nor-\\nmans, and of the later church little but the western\\ntower of eleventh-century work remains; the pres-\\nent structure is chiefly of the fourteenth century,\\nand has not long been restored to its present state\\nfrom the terrible decay and disrepair into which it\\nhad fallen. In 18 17, Mr. W. D. Fellowes, who\\nhas published notes of his travels on the way to\\nthe Monastery of La Trappe, arrived at Tours and\\nnotices its foot pavement in the Rue Royale, a\\nthing seldom to be met with in this country,\\nthough at that time Tours was almost an English\\ncolony. The traveller was put up in the Hotel\\nSt. Julien. In the side aisles of the church were\\nstalls for horses and cattle, the centre was a re-\\nmise for carriages.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "Chppendix 263\\nThe Bank in the Rue de Commerce, where circu-\\nlar notes are exchanged, is the famous Hotel Gouin,\\na beautiful example of early French Renaissance.\\nThe Hotel de Beaune, in the Rue St. Francois, is\\nanother example of the same type, and the chim-\\nneypiece in the Hotel de la Boule d Or must also\\nbe seen. The house of Tristan I Hermite has been\\nalready mentioned. In the Place du Grand Mar-\\nche is a fine fountain put up in 15 lo by Jacques\\nde Beaune Semblangay, whose house is in the cor-\\nner of the same square. M. Grandmaison pub-\\nlishes the details of the fountain s construction from\\nthe archives of Tours. Its four blocks of marble\\ncame from Genoa. Michel Colombe directed the\\nsculptors, Bastein and Martin les Francois. It was\\noriginally surmounted by a crown and flowers,\\nabove which was a bronzed and gilt crucifixion,\\nbut all these ornaments have now disappeared.\\nThere is an excellent theatre in the Rue de la\\nScellerie, nearly opposite the best bookseller.\\nBaths in the Loire are to be found on the island\\nwhich helps to support the suspension bridge; and\\nthere is a good library.\\nAt St. Symphorien across the river is a quaint\\nRomanesque cross church, swamped by a flam-\\nboyant nave, with a good western door. At St.\\nRadegonde, farther to the east along the bank,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "264 Old\\nowcaine\\nthe church is built against the rock, in which a\\nchapel is excavated that communicates with the\\ntower. The Abbey of Marmoutier is in the same\\ndirection. Crossing the river again, on the far\\nside of the town to the south and west the traveller\\nwill find Plessis-lez-Tours and the Abbey of St.\\nComo. Still farther out into the country is the\\nRomanesque church of Villandry, which, says Mr,\\nPetit, combines in itself the chief characteristics\\none or other of which is found in most churches\\nof this district. The chateau there, too, with the\\nbeautiful flower-beds surrounding it, is well worth\\na visit. The finest conservatories in Touraine,\\nalmost in France, are to be seen at M. Mame s\\nchateau of Les Touches, near Savonnieres, not far\\nfrom Ballan; there are also some strange grottos,\\ncaves gouttieres, in the neighbourhood. Mr.\\nFellowes in 1817 seems to have made a strangely\\nfragmentary visit. Out of all the chateaux he chose\\nonly Chanteloup, Menard, the favourite home of\\nMadame de Pompadour, and Valangay, the seat of\\nM. de Talleyrand, from which the English Govern-\\nment failed in its attempt to rescue Ferdinand VII.\\nof Spain by means of a certain mysterious foreign\\nbaron.\\nOne more excursion may be advised, to the\\nChateau d Usse, now in the possession of the Comte", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "Chppendlx 265\\nde Blacas, the heir of Madame la Comtesse de la\\nRochejaquelein, an exceedingly picturesque old\\npile in well-kept grounds near the junction of the\\nIndre with the Loire. There are some interesting\\nrooms and some good pictures, especially in the\\nGallerie de Vauban. The greatest treasure there is\\nwhat is known as the Buste d Usse, a Florentine\\nwork of the late fifteenth century; it formerly was\\nin the collection of the famous Fouquet, and M.\\nLeon Palustre considers that it represents Hercule,\\nDue de Ferrara (1471-1505). In any case, it is one\\nof the finest pieces of portrait sculpture to be seen\\nin Touraine, not excepting the bust of Francis near\\nLoches, and it should on no account be missed.\\nMany places might yet be mentioned, but the typi-\\ncal chateau and churches have been pointed out,\\nand in the map, which shows only a few details for\\nthe sake of being quite clear, their relative position\\nand accessibility can be quickly seen. Further in-\\nformation can be easily procured, and as to railways\\nthe useful Guide Bijou d Indre et Loire may be\\nsafely and profitably used. The inns are almost\\nuniformly good and clean.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "266 Old Ooutatne\\n11. Manuscripts and Books\\nThe town is particularly fortunate in the abun-\\ndance of Manuscripts and Documents which it\\npossesses. In the Archives Departmentales d ln-\\ndre et Loire, kept in the Prefecture, are great quan-\\ntities of title-deeds and records preserved from the\\nold religious houses, among which is the grant of\\nLouis le Debonnaire in 837 to found the Abbey of\\nCormery, with a seal attached, a deed of Hugh\\nCapet, and other treasures; in the Hotel de Ville\\nare the Archives Communales, which are among\\nthe most important in France. Mgr. Chevalier\\ngives a list of their contents. Detailed accounts of\\nparish expenses since 1358 are preserved, municipal\\ndocuments since 1408, and numbers of letters and\\nother manuscripts from 1140 onwards. The politi-\\ncal archives stretch fairly continuously from the\\nEnglish occupation in 1347 to 18 15 and Waterloo.\\nMany most valuable facts with reference to the old\\nMystery Plays and theatrical representations are\\nalso to be found here (copied by M. Andre Salmon),\\nand the diligence of M. Grandmaison has brought\\nto light all that is known of the Clouets, and es^\\npecially of Jean Clouet H., whose illuminated Livy\\nis preserved in the town library, which also contains\\nthe Hours of Charles V. and of Anne of Brittany, a", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "Ubppendix 267\\nthirteenth-century Terence, and many other rari-\\nties. But the librarian shall describe them himself.\\nLa Bibliotheque de Tours, installee rue Nationale\\n90, dans les batiments de I ancienne fabrique royale\\nde soieries (lampas et damas de Tours), contient\\naujourd hui cent mille volumes environ. lis pro-\\nviennent, en grande partie, des librairies ou biblio-\\ntheques des abbayes et convents qui existaient\\nautrefois a Tours. Notons particulierement les\\nriches et precieux fonds des Benedictins de I abbaye\\nde Marmoutier, des chanoines de la collegiale de\\nSaint Martin, et de I eglise metropolitaine de Saint\\nGatien. Dans la serie de Manuscrits, au nombre\\nde pres de 1800, on remarque plusieurs Sacramen-\\ntaires, sortis de I Ecole d enluminure et de calli-\\ngraphic a Tours, fondee par le celebre Alcuin au\\nVIII siecle. L un d eux, ecrit en lettres d or sur\\nmagnifique velin et remontant au VIII siecle, est\\nI evangeliaire sur lequel les rois de France pretaient\\nserment lorsqu ils etaient regus abbes honoraires de\\nSaint Martin. This MS. was collated in 1884\\nwith that in the British Museum; it is one of the\\nfinest specimens of its kind in the world, and in\\nalmost perfect preservation. A MS. of Ovid has\\nalso been published by the Clarendon Press in 1888,\\nand a Hebrew Bible of the fifteenth century was\\nannotated in 1884.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "268 Old ^owcai\\nine\\nDans les documents liturgiques d un grand\\ninteret, continues M. Duboz, on remarque un\\nMissel a I usage de I eglise anglicane (sic)] ce\\nmanuscrit, qui a appartenu primitivement a la\\nfamille de Hungerford, devint la propriete des\\nseigneurs de Bueil. Notons encore un ravissant\\nmanuscrit persan contenant les poesies de Hafiz,\\nintitulees Le Divan. Enfin d importants docu-\\nments sur I histoire de la Touraine, copies dans\\ndivers depots publics de I Angleterre, sont aujourd\\nhui conserves dans cette bibliotheque, qui n est pas\\nmoins riche en editions du commencement de\\nI imprimerie; elle possede plus de 400 Incunables,\\nparmi lesquels se trouvent un superbe exemplaire\\nde la Bible de Mayence (1462), un exemplaire\\nunique des Coutumes de Touraine, et un magni-\\nfique Missel sur velin a I usage de Tours (1485).\\nThe library is open every week-day (except fete-\\ndays) from 1st April to 30th September from 12\\ntill 6; from ist October till 30th March from 10\\nA.M. till 4, and from 7 p.m. till 9.30.\\nIII. Pictures\\nThe valley of the Loire is peculiarly rich in\\npictures by Jean and Francois Clouet and their\\nschool. At Chenonceaux, among many other\\nvaluable portraits, is a fine Catherine de Medicis", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "Uhppendlx 269\\nand a clean-shaven monkish-looking head of\\nHenry III. At Azay-le-Rideau is the richest col-\\nlection of all another Henry HI., dressed very\\nmuch like a woman, an excellent half-length of\\nCharles IX,, and many other examples of the\\nCloiiets, of De Brissac, and Corneille de Lyon;\\nbest of all is the equestrian portrait. Mrs. Mark\\nPattison has described it as follows. The King\\nis represented about half life-size on horseback.\\nHe wears a rich Court costume of black reUeved\\nby white, and the trappings of his horse show\\nthe same colours. The sombre figure\\nof the mounted King, swarthy, dififiicult of speech,\\ngazing outwards with concentrated intention,\\nhabited in black, and set in a framework of gray\\nhalf tones, haunts the recollection with the viv-\\nidness of actual vision; for the subject, which\\nseems to offer in itself weird suggestions of a\\nphantom magic, is realised with tangible definite-\\nness of conception, and rendered with unflinching\\nfidelity to the solid aspect of real life. Other\\nfine pictures in the collection of the Marquis de\\nBiencourt at Azay-le-Rideau are the portrait of\\nAmbroise Pare, surgeon of Henry HI., in the\\nlibrary, and of Monsieur, brother of Louis XIV.,\\nin the same room. At my last visit to Azay-le-\\nRideau, almost a year after Chapter XXIL was", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "270 Old\\noutatne\\nwritten, there were a few changes in the arrange-\\nment of the pictures, which will be noticed in com-\\nparing my description of them with what a visitor\\nmay be shown at present. Clouet s Catherine de\\nMedicis (for instance) is now removed to the\\nupper rooms. A few more pictures in this same\\ntreasure-house of art should also be noticed. Next\\nto the Clouet of Charles IX. is another by the same\\nartist and with the same green background, of Odet\\nde Coligny. Other examples of F. Clouet are the\\nClaude, wife of Francis I. and the Henry VIII.\\nof England pictures of this school are La\\nReine Margot and Marguerite de Navarre.\\nThere are also some exceptionally fine bronze me-\\ndallions in the lower passage, representing Cather-\\nine de Medicis, Henry II., Charles IX., and Henry\\nIII. In the private room of M. le Marquis de Bien-\\ncourt are Marie de Medicis, perhaps by Rubens, the\\nMarechal de Luxembourg, and Turenne by Cham-\\npagne, whose finest example here is the Marie de\\nMedicis on the lower floor. The portraits of Marie\\nLeczinska (in red) and her husband are also good,\\nand there are several copies of Cardinal Fleury with\\nthe same placid smile, and soft white cloak excel-\\nlently rendered; with many more which well de-\\nserve a closer inspection than will be possible for\\nmost travellers.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "Ubppendlx 271\\nThe pictures at the Chateau of Cheverny must\\nalso be seen. The immense gallery of historical\\nportraits at Beauregard are remarkable more for\\ntheir interest and variety than for any especial\\nartistic merit they leave the impression of having\\nall been done by the same hand. The series begins\\nupon the wall in which the entrance door opens,\\nand at the spectator s right hand of that wall, begin-\\ning at Philippe de Valois, born in 1328, and going\\nfrom right to left entirely round the room. They\\nare roughly divided into reigns by divisions in the\\npanels. In the second division are Philippe de\\nCommines, Caesar Borgia, and a good portrait of\\nAnne de Bretagne looking fat and comfortable, but\\ndetermined; in the third division are the Cardinal\\nd Amboise (very different from the more spirited\\nlikeness at Chaumont) and Amerigo Vespucci; in\\nthe fourth, Florimond Robertet is the best. There\\nis also a portrait of Sir Thomas More. In the fifth\\nare Francois Pisarre and Diane de Poitiers; in\\nthe sixth, Jehan Destre, Grand Maistre d Artil-\\nlerie with a beard like a pufif of smoke; in the\\nseventh, Marie Stuart in a high collar; in the eighth,\\nHenri de Guise and Francis Drake; in the ninth,\\nElizabeth, Queen of England, in old age, and what\\nis perhaps the best piece of work in the room, a\\nlarge Henry IV. on horseback, with his good-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "272 did\\noutatne\\nnatured face and gray beard beneath a most strange\\nhelmet, surrounded by D Arnaud, Biron, and Sully.\\nThe tenth and last division has a portrait of the\\nfamous Due de Bukinkan, a very feeble produc-\\ntion after the handsome face of Villiers at Hampton\\nCourt. In the museums at Blois and at Tours\\nthere are also a very few good pictures which must\\nbe picked out from a mass of inferior painting.\\nOf the historical portraits in the Ecole Franqaise\\nat the Louvre Galleries in Paris only two can be\\nascribed with certainty to Francois Clouet. Among\\nall the examples of the Ecole Clouet, the two finest\\nare those numbered 107 and 108 in the catalogue\\nedited by M. Frederic Villot. The first is that of\\nCharles IX., a small full-length figure, three-\\nquarter face, with black coat buttoned to the ruff\\nand embroidered with gold; the right hand, carry-\\ning his gloves, rests on the back of a red velvet\\nsofa; two green curtains form the background: a\\ncopy of this, life-size, exists in the Imperial Gallery\\nat Vienna. The second is the portrait of his wife,\\nElizabeth of Austria; her head is turned to the left,\\nthree-quarter face, the hair lifted up from the fore-\\nhead; she wears a rich gold necklace, and a dress\\nof cloth of gold embroidered with precious stones.-\\nThese two portraits may be taken as types of Fran-\\n;ois Clouet s style, in distinguishing copies from", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "Cbppendix 273\\nthe few productions that are left of this master s\\nactual handiwork. No. 109, a head of Francis I.,\\nof extreme delicacy and accuracy of presentment,\\nis also probably by a Clouet, but whether by Jean or\\nby his son Francois cannot be determined; it looks\\nas if the basis of the painting were a thin gold\\nor silver background on which the surface tints\\nwere afterwards applied. In the same room is\\nanother portrait of Francis I., two of Henry II., one\\nfull length, the other of smaller size, perhaps a copy,\\nwearing the medallion of the Order of St. Michael\\nand the same black dress striped with gold. No.\\n113 is Francois de Lorraine, Due de Guise; No.\\n124 is Catherine de Medicis. Note also No. 732,\\nGaspard de Coligny; 729, Charles IX.; and 653,\\nle tres victorieux Roy de France, Charles VII.,\\na repulsive face beneath a hideous hat. No. 656\\n(a ball at the Court of Henry III.) will give a good\\nidea of the costume of the latter half of the six-\\nteenth century. These last are all by unknown\\nartists.\\nIt may help to complete this note if I mention\\nvery briefly a few places in England where pictures\\nby the Clouets and their school exist, or where the\\nportraits of persons connected with Touraine may\\nbe seen. First and foremost is the great collection\\nat Hampton Court, which contains Eleanor of\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 18", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "274 did\\noutattie\\nSpain, wife of Francis L, by Jean Clouet (No. 561\\nin the Catalogue published by Mr. Ernest Law),\\nand a Francis I. attributed to Holbein, which Mrs.\\nMark Pattison considers to be by a French hand\\n(No, 598 in the same Catalogue). This portrait\\ngives an extraordinary sense of nakedness; the\\ncomplexion is of an almost porcine pink, and the\\nexpression brutal. There is also a portrait of a\\nboy, attributed to Janet, described as the Dauphin\\nFranQois, son of Henry 11, The writer already\\nquoted considers this to be Henry IH. in youth,\\nand says, Perhaps the whole of Frangois Clouet s\\nwork does not afford a better example than the\\nHampton Court portrait, of that art of giving life\\nwhich was attributed to him in chief by his con-\\ntemporaries. In the same collection note No. 342\\n(in the Catalogue above quoted), the meeting at\\nthe Field of the Cloth of Gold; No. 407, Louis\\nXHL, by Belcamp; No. 411, Marie de Medicis, by\\nPourbus; No. 418, Henry IV., by the same artist;\\nNo. 566, by Janet, of Francis I. and a lady,\\nvariously described as Diane de Poitiers, and as his\\nwife Eleanor (No. 561), already mentioned; No.\\n582, La Belle Gabrielle; No. 592, a French noble-\\nman, holding a copy of Petrarch, by Holbein, with\\nlong straight nose and narrow eyes, a close brown\\nbeard, black cape, and a low black round cap; No.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "Cbppendix 275\\n617, Marie de Lorraine, mother of the Queen of\\nScots, just misses being clever, and perhaps suffers\\nby contrast with the magnificently beautiful por-\\ntrait in No. 622.\\nAt Hatfield the finest picture is the Mary\\nQueen of Scots, by P. Oudry, 1578; there is\\nanother of the same princess, in a Brabant costume,\\nthat is pretty but not authentic. Other paintings\\nare Francois de Chatillon; Seigneur d Andelot, a\\ncopy after Pourbus; Louise de Lorraine, Queen of\\nHenry HL; Henry IH., King of France, by F.\\nPourbus; Catherine de Medicis, a copy after\\nClouet; Henry, Duke of Guise, a copy, with a\\nlarge and realistic scar on the left cheek; and Henry\\nIH., another copy, after F. Pourbus. The best\\nexamples of art at Hatfield are portraits which have\\nno connection with the present subject.\\nThe pictures with which we are concerned at\\nStafford House are all much finer. There are a\\ngood Henry HL, Jeanne d Albret, Catherine de\\nMedicis, and Frangois, Due d Alen(;on, all by Fran-\\ncois Clouet; and a Francis I., with his sister Mar-\\nguerite, by Jean Clouet. At Castle Howard are\\nother examples of the same school.\\nThe portrait of Marie Stuart, reproduced in\\nChapter XIV., is from a painting. There is a chalk\\ndrawing of Marie Stuart, at the period of her mar-", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "276 did\\noutatne\\nriage to Francois Dauphin of France in 1558,\\nwhich was taken from life by Jannet or Francois\\nClouet, who became peintre du roy after the\\ndeath of his father the second Jean Clouet in 1541.\\nA larger photograph by Braun of this drawing is\\nnow in the National Portrait Gallery, and according\\nto the Catalogue revised by Mr. Lionel Cust in 1896,\\nit was the sketch for a finished miniature painted by\\nthe same artist, which is now in the royal collection\\nat Windsor Castle, and was in the possession of\\nKing Charles I. at Whitehall in 1639. The origi-\\nnal drawing is in the Bibliotheque Nationale at\\nParis, and was formerly in the Bibliotheque Sainte\\nGenevieve. This Francois Clouet was probably at\\nTours before 1523, when his father Jean (from\\nwhom he inherited the name of Jannet left\\nTouraine for Paris. For the work of the Clouets,\\nsee Mrs. Mark Pattison, op. cit.\\nThere is a view of Chambord in an old col-\\nlection of prints bound together in the Library\\nof Wadham College. It is catalogued in the\\nBritish Museum (the only other place where I\\nknow of its existence) as Veiles des belles mai-\\nsons de France (les places, portes, fontaines, egli-\\nses, et maisons de Paris; veiies des plus beaux\\nendroits de Versailles; diverses veiies de Chantilly)\\ndesignees et gravees par Perelle. (Paris, 1685,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "Chppendix 277\\nobi. 4to.) Brit. Mus. 564, f. i. France, pt. i, f.\\n136, b.\\nIn conclusion there are drawings by Etienne\\nDelaulne in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, men-\\ntioned by Mrs. Mark Pattison. Among them oc-\\ncurs a profile of Marie Stuart, the reverse of a piece\\nstruck at the accession of her husband, Francis II.\\nThere are also coins for the reigns of Henry II.,\\nFrancis II., Charles IX., and Henry III. The book\\nis labelled as by Le Petit Bernard, and formed part\\nof the Douce collection.\\nIV. Authorities\\nIt may be useful for purposes of reference to in-\\nsert a few more authorities which have not been\\npreviously mentioned.\\nAmong guide-books La Loire, by Touchard\\nLafosse (1856), a large work in five volumes;\\nTouraine (including a bibliography), by Bellanger;\\nFeudal Castles in France, by Mrs. Byrne; Historic\\nChateaux, by A. B. Cochrane, M.P.; a Handbook\\nof Tours, publishea in 1841; La Cathedrale de\\nTours, by Mgr. Chevalier; Le Chateau de Chambord\\nand Le Chateau de Blois, by M. de la Saussaye;\\nLangeais, by Maurice Brincourt, with drawings by\\nRoy; Laches, by the Abbe E. Hat; Le Chateau", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "278 6Ld S.\\nouzatne\\nd Amboise, edited by M. Guilland Verger, Tours;\\nLettre a M. de Caumont sur une Excursion en\\nTouraine, by M. de Cougny, and several other\\nworks by Mgr. Chevalier; Fontevrault, by M. Mali-\\nfaud.\\nIn periodical literature there has lately appeared\\nan article on Castle Life in the Middle Ages, in\\nScribner s for January 1889, by the two Blashfields,\\nwho contributed The Paris of the Three Muske-\\nteers to the same magazine for August 1890.\\nIn the English Illustrated for February 1891,\\nThoughts in Prison, by Mrs. Watts Jones, con-\\ntains a careful copy of nearly all the best inscrip-\\ntions in Loches. In Harper s for June 1891 is a\\nshort article by Louis Frechette on Blois, Cham-\\nbord, and Amboise.\\nOf contemporary authorities, it has already been\\npointed out that the numerous works published\\nunder the auspices of the Ecole des Chartes are of\\nthe highest value. For the Italian history, and\\nmuch else of interest in the reigns of Louis XL and\\nCharles VIIL, the history of Philippe de Commines\\nhas been used. Throughout, the works of Villon,\\nRabelais, Clement Marot, Ronsard, Regnier, Du-\\nmas, Balzac, De Vigny, and the pamphlets of P. L.\\nCourier, illustrate in their own way the manner of\\nthe time. There is far more historically accurate", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "Cbppendix 279\\nmatter in many of the novels of Dumas than he is\\noften credited with; his fidelity, in particular, to\\nthe old Memoires is astonishing, though he has not\\nalways so freely acknowledged the sources of his\\nnarratives as in the reference to the Memoires of\\nthe actual D Artagnan prefixed to his Three Muske-\\nteers. The picture of the sixteenth century given\\nin the older trilogy La Dame de Montsoreau, La\\nReine Margot, and Les Quarante Cinq is a very\\naccurate one. Les Deux Dianes touches on events\\nin the reign of Henry 11. and contains a vivid and\\nfairly true relation of the Tumult of Amboise,\\nwhich is again described in Balzac s Catherine de\\nMedicis. De Vigny publishes with great care\\nmany of the manuscripts and evidences for the\\nstory of the conspiracy of Cinq Mars and De Thou,\\nin his romance of Cinq Mars.\\nFor the best idea of Mary Queen of Scots, the\\nMarie Stuart of French history, see the article\\non her life and character in the Encyclopcedia Bri-\\ntannica, which is perhaps the finest piece of short\\nbiographical work ever written, and has been re-\\npublished, with an important additional note, in\\nSwinburne s Miscellanies, p. 323.\\nFor further details as to the Abbe de Ranee,\\nwhose tragical history was shortly sketched in\\nChapter XXIIL, see the Memoires of the Count de", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "280 Old\\noutaine\\nComminges. As to the Trappistes, see Reglements\\nde VAhhaye de la Trappe, par Dom Armand de\\nRanee, and the narrative of Dom Claude Lancelot,\\n1667. Mr. W. D. Fellowes, in A Visit to the Mon-\\nastery of La Trappe in 181 7, etc., says that the in-\\nscription on De Ranee s portrait there runs as\\nfollows Mort en 1700 a pres de yy ans et de 40\\nans {sic) de la plus austere penitence. This would\\ngive his age approximately at the time of the epi-\\nsode mentioned in the text. The Monastery of La\\nTrappe is one of the most ancient abbeys of the\\norder of Benedictines, established in 1140 by\\nRotrou, Comte de la Perche, as a thankoffering;\\nby 1660 its monks not only lived in luxury, but\\nwere so famous for their scandalous excesses of\\nevery kind, that they were called the Banditti of La\\nTrappe. It was to these men that De Ranee came\\nand reformed the abbey (which he had the reputa-\\ntion of actually founding), by introducing the\\nterribly austere rules for which the order is famous.\\nDe Ranee himself gives an interesting account of\\nthe first of the many visits of the unfortunate James\\nIL to the Monastery in 1690. In Champfleury,\\nHistoire de la Caricature, there is much interesting\\nmatter with reference not only to published sketches\\nbut to architecture, and even dramatic perform-\\nances, during the period I have chiefly dealt with.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "Ubpperidlx 281\\nIn connection with these latter, he quotes a long\\npassage from De Thou s Memoires describing the\\nentry of Francis II. into Tours after leaving Am-\\nboise; both places, as we have seen, were famous\\nfor their Mystery Plays and allegorical representa-\\ntions, and on this occasion an imaginative baker\\nequipped his son in a manner more likely to amuse\\nthe spectators than to gratify the Court tous\\ndisoient que cette representation etoit une vive\\nimage de I etat du royaume, gouverne par un roi\\nencore enfant, qui avoit pour ministres des etran-\\ngers qui I avoient rendu aveugle. See also La\\nSatire en France au Moyen Age, by C. Lenient; and\\nfor another account of the beginning of the fifteenth\\ncentury, which should have been mentioned earlier,\\nsee the edition by M. de Viriville of the Chronique\\nde la Pucelle, by Guillaume Cousinot; an earlier\\nwriter of the same name wrote the Geste des nobles\\nFrancoys, etc., MS. 10,297 in Bibl. Nat. The\\nJournal du Siege d Orleans in 1428 might also be\\nadded.\\nPassing to later authorities in the sixteenth cen-\\ntury, the year 1588 almost claims a bibliography to\\nitself. The most complete account of the murder\\nof Guise, and the surrounding circumstances, is\\ngiven by Frangois Miron Medecin du Roy Henry\\nIII. Other authorities are the Memoires de VEstoile,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "282 uLd Ooiitaine\\nSully s Economies Royales, and the Chronologie\\nNovennaire of Palma Cayet. Further details will\\nbe found in Agreable Recit de ce qui s est passe\\naux dernieres barricades de Paris, 1588; Nou-\\nvelles de la Coiir, escrites de Blois, Lundy dernier,\\ndix septieme jour d Octobre, 1588 (which contains\\nthe election lists) Harangue prononcee par Mon-\\nsieur de Bourges aux trois estats assemblez au chas-\\nteau de Blois le jour saincte Catherine 25 Nov. a\\nquatre heures du soir, 1588; Discours de ce qui\\nest arrive a Blois jusques a la mort du due et du\\nCardinal de Guise, 1588 (by a Protestant); Le\\nMartyre des deux Freres, 1589 (by a Catholic). In\\nLa Ligue, by L. Vitet, vol. i. p. 320, are details of\\nthe exact costume of men and women at the time.\\nMore information may be found in the Bibliographic\\nof Monod.\\nV. Note to the Third Edition\\nOne of my critics was kind enough to point out\\n(in the Spectator some years ago) that the architect\\nof the staircase at Blois (described on p. 139 of this\\nvolume) might have had a naturally reversed shell\\ndirectly to his hand and eye. Such conch, chank,\\nor sankha shells are not unknown; they are called\\ndakshina varta, right-twisted, and used to be", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "Ubppendix 283\\nworth their weight in gold, as holiest cosmic sym-\\nbols, to the Hindus. They now cost some four or\\nfive pounds in India. To this I will only add that\\non some future occasion I hope to be able to treat\\nthe whole subject of this spiral staircase, and of\\nothers like it, in a manner more complete than is\\npossible in a book of which architectural questions\\nform necessarily but a small part.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "ote\\nAs the dernier mot (in English) upon French\\nart, I insert part of the speech of Sir Frederick\\nLeighton to the students of the Royal Academy\\n{The Times, nth December 1891):\\nThe French Renaissance\\nAnd now we turn to a wholly new phase in\\nFrench art, the expression of a new order of ideas\\nand of materially altered social conditions. During\\nthe fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the prestige\\nof the fighting nobility had suffered much through\\nthe introduction of artillery and the reverses of the\\nEnglish wars; the middle classes, on the other hand,\\nhad, under the favour of the kings, steadily risen in\\nimportance. Before the end of the fifteenth cen-\\ntury the printing press had begun to scatter knowl-\\nedge far and wide. The discovery of a new\\ncontinent across the Atlantic was stirring the\\nimagination of the Old World. But it was a\\ndiscovery within that Old World which was to ex-\\nercise the deepest influence on the intellectual con-\\n285", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "286 Old\\noutatne\\ndition of France, the discovery of Italy, through\\nthe expeditions of Charles VIII. and Louis XII.,\\nfor a discovery it may be called, though it must not\\nbe assumed that Italian influence was entirely\\nabsent in France until that period. Already in the\\nmiddle of the fifteenth century, Rene of Anjou,\\nhimself a painter and the friend of the leading\\nhumanists of his time, had made his Court at\\nTarascon a centre of culture and of art, and em-\\nployed the labour of Italian artists. Within the\\nfirst half of the century, too, a great painter, Jehan\\nFouquet, had brought back from Italy a marked\\nleaning to the new classic spirit. Nevertheless it\\nwas not until the return of the romantic stripling,\\nCharles VIII., with the flower of the French no-\\nbility from his futile and fantastic campaign that the\\ndesire for all things Italian took wide and lasting\\nhold of the French at least, among the nobility\\nand this enthusiasm, further whetted during the\\nchequered campaigns of his successor, Louis XII.,\\ngrew at a rapid pace. It was not, however, till the\\nsecond decade of the sixteenth century that,\\nthrough the example of that brilliant dilettante,\\nFrancis I., the Italian contagion showed important\\nresults. Within the thirty-five years of his reign\\na host of palatial buildings were raised in a new\\nstyle, which, if it had not, as had the style it pushed", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "%ote\\n287\\naside, the virtue of indigenous growth, was cer-\\ntainly marked by extreme charm and beauty. It\\nwas not, I say, of spontaneous growth, but neither\\nwas it a wholly alien product, for the people from\\nwhom it was adopted had in past times left on the\\nmore vivacious Gallic stock distinct traces of its\\nblood, and the French have not ceased to this day\\nto claim kinship with the Imperial race. Mean-\\nwhile, borrowed though the new style was, the\\nFrench at once moulded it to their own genius, and\\nproduced a result distinctly personal to themselves;\\nand the modifications they introduced in the Italian\\nstyle were just such as you would expect from the\\ndifferent temper of the race. The restrained and\\nsweet gravity which delights us in the purest ex-\\namples of trans-Alpine Renaissance is, it must be\\nadmitted, too often wanting in the French work\\nof the same class; and if, as I believe, the rank of\\nthe work of art is according to the dignity of the\\nemotion it stirs in the beholder, then the creations\\nof the great Italians rise to a higher level than those\\nof the artists of the French Renaissance. For\\nvitality and variety, on the other hand, for exuber-\\nance of fancy, for resourceful ingenuity of construc-\\ntion, and for a delicate sense of rhythm and\\nproportion, the superiority of the work of the\\nFrench is, in my opinion, conspicuous. Above all", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "288 Old 15^\\nouzatne\\nthings, it is their own, and for this reason it seems\\nto me that the jealous investigation which has been\\nnoticeable in recent times in France as to how far\\nItalian arts have been unduly credited with the\\nbuilding of certain of the masterpieces of the Re-\\nnaissance in that country is, however valuable in the\\ninterests of truth, of no great moment to the dig-\\nnity of French art. Close study of documents has\\nled, as is well shown, for instance, in Palustre s\\nbeautiful instalment of a History of French Renais-\\nsance, to the dismissal of claims hitherto advanced\\nin various cases in favour of Italian artists; it is\\nbringing into greater prominence the names of\\nnative maistres magons whose claims had been un-\\nderrated, men who had inherited traditions which\\nmade them greatly superior, as builders at all\\nevents, to the artists who came amongst them from\\nbeyond the Alps. But, apart from such inquiries,\\nit is patent that all but every work of the French\\nEarly Renaissance, however it may have originated,\\nbears the unmistakable stamp of the fusing energy\\nof French genius. That the style was not born\\nin France is a fact no one can challenge; that it\\nwas recast in that country into a distinctly French\\nthing no narrowness could dispute.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "9Bote\\n289\\nFrench Domestic Architecture\\nThe keynote of the Renaissance movement being\\nthe assertion of the beauty of life and the dignity\\nof man, its influence was naturally most felt in con-\\nnection with secular life. The great era of church\\nbuilding was past, and, indeed, for a population\\nreduced by long and wasting wars the existing\\nplaces of worship were not insufificient. The main\\ndetermining motive of artistic activity under Fran-\\ncis I. was the ambition of the King and his nobles\\nto multiply places of delight for their residence,\\nespecially in the country, and to replace by sights\\nof beauty, such as they had learned to love and\\ncovet in Italy, the moated gloom of their ancestral\\nchateaux, built and well suited for purposes of pro-\\ntection and defence, but little in harmony with the\\ntastes of the pleasure-loving Court and the light-\\nhearted young King who led it. Prodigious and\\nbreathless was the activity with which chateaux\\nwere raised, first in the Royal province watered by\\nthe Loire, and then in and about Paris. It would\\nbe fruitless to enumerate at length even the chief\\nof the stately buildings which from that time to the\\ndeath of Henry III. occupied the energies of French\\narchitects; nor can I do more here than name a few\\nof the foremost of these considerable men, such as in\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 19", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "290 uLd Fontaine\\nthe first line Jean Bullant and Philibert de I Orme;\\nand in the second, CoHn Biart, Pierre Chambiges,\\nPierre Nepveu, alias Trinqueau, Gadier, Le Prestre,\\nand Hector Sohier. It will be more profitable to\\nnote a few points in connection with the evolution\\nof the style itself. Although, as I have said, the\\ngreat outburst of activity in the new direction coin-\\ncides with the reign of Francis, Italian influence\\nhad already begun to assert itself in architecture as\\nin other things in the preceding century, through\\nCharles VIII. at Amboise, for instance, and more\\neffectually under his successor, who built the east\\nwing of the Chateau de Blois.\\nIn the case of secular buildings the transition\\nfrom the later Gothic was facilitated by the fact that\\nsquare-headed openings prevailed already in that\\nstyle, of which, too, the incontinence in ornament\\nwas acceptable to the exuberant spirit of the new\\nart. The character of that ornament, however, was\\nentirely changed; fantastic, foreign arabesque took\\nthe place of the floral decoration which had been\\none of the glories of the French school. Mean-\\nwhile the love for aspiring forms lived on, and the\\ntendency to complexity died hard. The wealth of\\nsky-line produced by spires and pinnacles was per-\\npetuated in high-pitched roofs, turrets, and tall,", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "%ote\\n291\\nbuttressed dormer windows. The sky-line of Cham-\\nbord could have been conceived only by an archi-\\ntect having Gothic tradition in his blood. In other\\nmatters, too, we find the Gothic habit surviving.\\nThe external winding staircase, for instance, was\\nlong preserved, and you may see on a dainty\\nfagade of the time of Francis I. the survival of the\\ngrouped shaft in a fanciful colonnette engaged on\\nthe face of a pilaster.\\nThe days of civil strife and butchery in which so\\nmany noble lives were quenched in blood, the dark\\ndays of the Huguenot persecution, were not auspi-\\ncious for the growth of art, and with the close of\\nthe century we find life and spontaneity at a low\\nebb little production, a tendency now to heavy\\nmonotony and now to barocque redundancy, and a\\nlack of sense and fitness which admitted of mask-\\ning with a ponderous classic fagade churches built\\non the scheme of, if not with the forms of, ogival\\narchitecture. Officialism, too, in artistic matters\\nwas at hand, and soon that implacable organiser\\nColbert was to regulate the arts, also by Royal\\ndecree, and to found an academy which admitted\\nonly one saving creed. The frigid pomp, the artifi-\\ncial graces of the structures inspired by the Roi\\nSoleil majestic in the many-storied wig which", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "292 Old ^omaine\\nencircled his retreating brow how far are they\\nfrom the radiant daintiness, the joyous freedom of\\nthe palaces and pleasances which sprang up in the\\ndays and at the beck of that truly sunny Sovereign\\nFrancis I.\\nOther Artistic Developments\\nTo that period let us for one brief moment revert\\nto notice, however summarily, the parallel develop-\\nment of painting and sculpture. In the latter art\\nwe have already recorded the names of Jean Goujon\\nand Germain Pilon. These great artists were not\\nwithout forerunners, of whom, no doubt, Michel\\nColumbe was the most gifted, though his works\\nlack both suppleness and definiteness of artistic\\npurpose. I should name, also, Nicholas Bachelier\\nand Giusti, the latter a family of Italians settled in\\nTours, but true to their nationality in the character\\nof their work.\\nTurning now briefly to painting we find in the\\nsixteenth century but little to rejoice us. Yet a\\nfew considerable names redeem it from bareness.\\nWhen Francis I. began to build he did no.t find\\namongst his countrymen painters to whom he could\\nentrust the decoration of his numerous palaces.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "%ote\\n293\\nThe elder Clouet was, it is true, already promi-\\nnently known, but both he and his more famous suc-\\ncessor in the nickname of Janet were specially\\nand exclusively painters of portraits. There were,\\nof course, at the time a number of painters in the\\ncountry; but whilst it may be admitted that Fran-\\ncis, in his keen admiration for everything Italian,\\nmay in some measure have overlooked native talent,\\nit is difficult to believe that any very marked per-\\nsonality could have failed to assert itself in spite of\\nthe crushing incubus of the Italian influence a\\nbaneful influence, be it said in passing, for it was\\nnot the influence of Raphael or of Leonardo, of\\nAndrea del Sarto or of Titian, with all of whom the\\nKing was in more or less direct contact, but the\\ninfluence of Cellini, mischievous for all his genius\\nand especially, through their long sojourn in the\\ncountry, that of Primaticcio, II Rosso, and Nicolo\\ndeir Abate, which weighed on the art of France.\\nNor does the sixteenth century in France boast in\\npainting, apart from the Clouets, any name of much\\ncalibre, except perhaps that of Perreal, and cer-\\ntainly that of Jean Cousin, a man whose dignity of\\nartistic temper preserved him in great measure from\\nthe excesses of the school of Parmigiano.", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "V\\nLE RID\\ni- I N", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "MAP OF THE\\nVALLEY OF THE LOIRE\\nFOR\\nOLD TOURAINE\\nFrom the French Government Ordnance survc\\nKilomclro\\nI I J 3f 789\\nK\\n__^", "height": "2079", "width": "3536", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "Q)nde3C^", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "QjncLeocD\\n[Note. The Appendix has been omitted in the references of this\\nIndex, and all but the more important of the notes.\\nA number, e.g. 34, refers to p. 34 of vol. i. when vol. ii. is meant\\nit is referred to thus ii. 34.\\nAbd-el-Kader, 26 ii. 102\\nAbd-el-Rahman,\\nAdela, 50\\nAdria, 130\\nAegidius, 63\\nAgen, ii. 125\\nAgincourt, 73, 74, 135, 136, 252\\nii. 133, 145\\nAhlden, ii. 219\\nAlaric, 37; ii. 51\\nAlbret, Charlotte d ii. 150, 151\\nnote\\nJeanne d 262 ii. 31, 39,\\n42, 102, 107, 113, 171-176\\nJohn d 231\\nAlcuin, 36, 38 and note\\nAlenjon, 134, 138\\nD ii. 121\\nDue d 76, 254, 257\\nAlexander VI., Pope, 92, 231\\nii. 149, 150\\nAUuye, Hotel d ii. 201\\nAlnwick, 89\\nAlva, ii. 14\\nAmboise, 23, 24, 26, 34, and\\nnote, 45, 53, 62, 67, 87, 119,\\n135, 144, 147, 166, 205, 212,\\n222, 269, 289, 304; ii. 12, 27,\\n46, 51-77. 107, 209, 245, 253,\\n258\\nAmboise, Bussy d 104 and note;\\nii. Ill, 121, 180\\nCharles d 89, 204\\nConspiracy of, 16; ii. 81-104\\nGeorges d 93, 94, 182,\\n220-241, 257, 302 ii. 69, 70,\\n149\\nLouis d 89\\nPierre d 220\\nAmerica, 205\\nAmiens, 204\\nAmpthill, 136\\nAmyot, 213, 273; ii. 12, 169\\nAnabaptists, ii. 87\\nAncona, 175\\nAndelot, Colonel d ii. 82, 87\\nAndre, Saint, 297; ii. 12\\nMademoiselle de, ii. 20\\nAndrelini, Fausto, ii. 158\\nAnet, 238, 295, 296; ii. 15, 77\\nAngelo, Michael, 206 ii. 76,\\n152\\n297", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "298\\nSnd^\\nex\\nAngely, L ii. 216\\nAngers, 35 note, 37, 48, iii; ii. 67\\nBishop of, see Balue, Car-\\ndinal\\nAngouleme, ii. 244\\nComte d 70\\nFrancis of, 235 ii. 154 and\\nnote\\nIsabella of, 70\\nMadame d ii. 156\\nMarguerite d 247; ii. 114\\nAnjou, Counts of, 23, 37, 39, 42-\\n54, 106\\nDucd (Henri), ii. 113-116,\\n176\\nHammer of, 46\\nMarguerite d 88\\nMarie d 85, 88, 156, 164\\nRene d 117, 143, 236\\nAnnonain, Pont de 1 54\\nAntoine, Tour de St., 152\\nAntonine, 34\\nAquitaine, t,t\u00e2\u0080\u009e 47; ii. 51, 142\\nAramis, ii. 196\\nArbrissel, D 30, 31, 106-108,\\n114\\nArc, Jeanne d 29, 64, 79-85,\\n98,134, 138, 164, 170; ii. 134,\\n14s, 213, 232\\nArdier, Paul, ii. 240\\nAremburg, 48\\nArgenton, 91\\nAristotelians, ii. 12\\nArmada, ii. 181\\nArmagnac, 74, 134, 165 ii. 68\\nMarguerite d ii. 68\\nArmorican Republic, 63\\nArms and armour in Chateau of\\nAmboise, ii. 65 note, 66 note\\nArou, ii. 142\\nArques, 71\\nArras, Maitre Jean d 128\\nArtagnan, D ii. 102, 199\\nArtesano, Antonio, 142\\nArthur of Bretagne, 66, 70, 71,\\n76\\nArthur, King, ii. 56, 258\\nAsti, 126, 130, 140, 141, 143,\\n211, 223\\nAthens, 35\\nAubercourt, D ii. 188\\nAubigne, D ii. 179\\nAgrippa, d 25, 28 ii. 97\\nnote\\nAubin, St., ii. 148\\nAustria, Anne of, ii. 23, 232\\nArchduke Philip of, ii. 1 54\\nEleanor of, 289\\nAutin, Due d Julie Sophie,\\ndaughter of, 114\\nAuton, Jean d 180, 183 note,\\n229 ii. 158\\nAutun, 33\\nBishop of, 185-187\\nAvalon, Isle of, ii. 56\\nAvenelles, Des, ii. 87\\nAvice of Gloucester, 70, 1 10\\nAvignon, 73, 169; ii. 177, 194\\nAymar, Count of Angouleme,\\nno\\nAzay-le-Rideau, 24, 58, 67, 151,\\n198, 285, 291 ii. 34, 132, 222,\\n227-237\\nBacbuc, 62\\nBacon, 303\\nBaif, De, ii. 164\\nBajazet, 174", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "Sndi\\nex\\n299\\nBalafre, Le, ii. 36, 98, 102\\nBallan, 58, 67, 73\\nBalsac, Katherine de, 207 note\\nBalue, Cardinal, 89, 174-176,\\n226 ii. 149, 247\\nBalzac, 31, 58, 61, 118; ii. 38,\\n131\\nBarbarossa, 269\\nBarry, Godefroy de, see Renaudie\\nBasselin, 169\\nBassompierre, Marechal de, 222\\nBartholomew, Archbishop of\\nTours, 69\\nSt., ii. 12, 32, 41, 46, 98,\\n108, 116\\nBaugaredi, or Bagaudse, ii. 55\\nBayard, l8l, 182, 231, 252 ii.\\n152\\nBeaufort, Due de, ii. 22\\nBeaujeu, Anne de, 29, 91, 144,\\n145, 176, 204, 223; ii. 63\\nBeaujoyeulx, M. Balthasar de, ii.\\n21\\nBeaulieu, 46, 47, 163 and note\\nBeaumont, 130\\nBeauregard, 24; ii. 240\\nBeauvais, ii. 172, 174\\nBecket, Thomas, 52, 53, 68, 220\\nii. 32\\nBede, 38\\nBedford, 75, 76\\nBeham, Hans-Sebald, 274\\nBellay, Du, 212, 213, 255 note,\\n258 note, 260 note, 263, 266\\nnote, 269, 271 ii. 35, 64\\nBellegarde, Due de, ii. 216\\nBellini, 208\\nBenedict, St., 53\\nBeranger, 86; ii. 36\\nBerengaria, 70, 164\\nBernis, ii. 24\\nBerri, Duchesse de, 221 ii. 37,\\n75\\nBerthelot, Gilles, 291 ii. 227\\nBesme, ii. 32, 116\\nBesnard, M., 97\\nBeuve, Sainte, 113\\nBeze, Theodore de, ii. 170\\nBiagrasso, 261\\nBiencourt, M. le Marquis de, ii.\\n229 and note\\nBievre, 30\\nBigne, La, ii. 91\\nBinasco, 181\\nBiragues, 224 note\\nBirco, Thomas, 271\\nBiron, ii. 172\\nBizago, ii. 44\\nBizet, Jehan, ii. 144\\nBlack Prince, 199; ii. 258\\nBlanche, La Reine, 70\\nBlois, 24, 31, 32, 50, 65, 69, 81,\\n95, 113, 130, 135, 138, 142,\\n163, 198, 219, 304; ii. 26, 47,\\n51, 69, 84, 86, 98, 107, 131-\\n202, 213, 237\\nBoccaccio, ii. 169\\nBohier, Antoine, 290, 29 1\\nThomas, 281-288\\nBoileau, 114\\nBois de Cerf, ii. 103\\nDu, ii. 123\\nBoisrobert, ii. 216 note\\nBonne, wife of Charles d Orleans,\\n134, 178\\nBonnivet, 254, 260 ii. 72\\nBordeaux, 33\\nBordenaye, De, 172", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "300\\nSndi\\nex\\nBorgia, Cagsar, 92-95, 181, 224-\\n231 ii. 149, 150\\nLucrezia, 92\\nBouchet, Jean, ii. 148\\nBoulainvilHers, 143\\nBourbon, Antoine de, King of\\nNavarre, 262 ii. 82\\nAntoinette de, ii. 99\\nCardinal de, 97 ii. 82-\\n100\\nConstable of, 186, 257-259,\\n303; ii. 232\\nHenri de, Comte de Cham-\\nbord, 221\\nLouise de, 113\\nPierre de, 142, 257\\nRenee de, 112, 113\\nSuzanne de, 257-259\\nBourg, Du, ii. 84\\nBourges, 35 note, 225, 273 ii.\\n55 ^^oi^ 149\\nArchbishop of, ii. 182\\nLe Roi de, 75, 164\\nBourree, Jean, 199-286\\nBracieux, ii. 201\\nBragelonne, Vicomte de, ii. 199\\nBrain, 104 note\\nBrantome, 94, 200, 257, 271 ii.\\nII, 20, 36, 44, no, 165, 174,\\n175, 212\\nBretagne, Anne de, 145, 159, 161,\\n183, 195-215,225; ii. 66, 157,\\n158, 159\\nMarie de, 112\\nBreze, Diane de, see Diane de\\nPoitiers\\nLouis de, 289, 293\\nPeter de, 88\\nSieur de, 187\\nBrigonnet, Cardinal, 210, 224,\\n286-288, 302 ii. 149\\nCatherine, 281, 288\\nJean, 199\\nBrienne, Comte de, ii. 196\\nBrissac, Jeanne de, ii. 124\\nBroglie, Due de, 238\\nBrosse, Pierre de la, 198\\nBrunhilda, 29\\nBrunyer, Albert, ii. 217\\nBruyn, Messire, ii. 246\\nBuckingham, ii. 194\\nBuflfon, ii. 24\\nBullant, Jean, ii. 76 and note,\\n228\\nBurgundians, 74\\nBurgundy, 37, 52, 124, 135, 175\\nii. 58, 142\\nCharles, Duke of, 90, 175\\nnote ii. 42\\nPhilip of, ii. 232\\nBury, 125\\nCabochiens, 74\\nCadillac, ii. 196\\nCaesar, ii. 55 and note\\nCsesarodunum, 34, 35, 39\\nCain, 57\\nCalahorra, Bishop of, 93\\nCalais, 87, 88, 303 ii. 99\\nCalvin, 213, 250, 263, 269; ii.\\n82, 232\\nCalvinists, ii. 81-104\\nCamail, Le, Order of, 140\\nCambrai, League of, 232\\nCambresis, ii. 124\\nCandes, 24, 34, loi note, 215\\nCanterbury, 53, 68\\nCapefigue, M., ii. 42 note, 45", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "Snd\\nex\\n301\\nCapello, 248\\nCapet, 37, 44\\nCappadocia, 115 no(e\\nCapponi, 208\\nCapua, 210\\nCarcassonne, ii. 132\\nCarlotta of Naples, ii. 150\\nCarlyle, 85\\nCarte, Chateau de la, 58\\nCastelnau, 79\\nDe, ii. 84-89\\nCavalli, Marino dei, 294; ii. 248\\nCaxton, 84\\nCaylus, ii. 189\\nCaynon, 57\\nCazache, Jean Bernardin, 181\\nCe, Fonts de, 54\\nCellini, Benvenuto, 265, 274; ii.\\n76\\nCerberus, 62\\nCerissoles, 270\\nCertosa, 125, 179\\nChabannes, Sieur de, 87, 165,\\n260\\nChabot, Brion, ii. Jl, 72\\nChalais, ii. 217\\nChalosse, Baron de Castdnau,\\nii. 96\\nChalus, 67 and note\\nChambord, 23, 24, 31, 198, 221,\\n246, 270, 283 ii. 26, 75, 201,\\n205-224, 237, 238\\nComte de, ii. 221\\nChambourg, 152; ii. 21 note\\nChampagne, ii. 213\\nChampfleury, M., ii. 53\\nChantelles, 187\\nCharlemagne, 38\\nTour de, 36\\nCharles, father of Louis XII., loi,\\n102 and note, 103 and note\\nthe Simple, 38, 39\\nV. (Emperor), 248-250, 262\\nVI., 126, 129\\nVII., 28, 75-88, 104, 118\\nVIII., 71, 91, 123, 125, 144,\\n145, 176, 179, 200-212, 223;\\nii. 52-54, 65\\nIX., 113; ii. 18, 41, 108,\\n172, 215, 232, 249\\nX., ii. 239\\nChartier, Alain, 137\\nChartres, 35, 53 note ii. 181\\nChastelet, ii. 124\\nChataigneraie, 299, 300\\nChateaubriand, 167\\nChateaubriand, Franjoise de, 264\\nChatillon, 151\\nChatillons, ii. 87, 170\\nChaucer, 125\\nChaumont, 24, 32, 53, 67, 163,\\n198, 219-241, 286; ii. 15, 51,\\n238, 245\\nChenonceaux, 24, 26, 32, 65, 96,\\n198, 238, 279-305; ii. 11-27,\\n46, 57. 97. 136, 165, 173, 202\\nnote, 232\\nCher, 24, 46, 58, 117, 151, 305;\\nii. 241, 252\\nChevalier, Abbe, ii. 55\\nCheverny, 24; ii. 182, 238, 240\\nChevreuse, Madame de, ii. 241\\nChicot, ii. 188 note\\nChinon, 24, 34 note, 40, 47, 48,\\n51. 53. 54. 55-98. 108, 109,\\n123, 154, 173, 198, 204; ii. 18,\\n57, 132, 149\\nChoinet, Pierre, ii. 63", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "302\\nSnd.\\nex\\nChouzy, 219\\nChrist Church, Oxford, 155 note,\\n178 note\\nCicero, 208\\nCimetiere des Rois, no\\nCinq Mars, 24, 32, 119, 195, 214,\\n222; ii. 217, 238, 245\\nPile de, 119; ii. 244\\nCivitas Turonum, 34\\nClagny, Sieur de, ii. 77\\nClarendon, Constitutions of, 52\\nClaude, Queen, daughter of Anne\\nde Bretagne, and wife of Fran-\\ncis I., 232, 237-246, 261; ii.\\n67, 70, 112, 116-120, le^^note,\\n159-162\\nSaint, ii. 62\\nClement, Jacques, 96 ii. 32, 193,\\n251\\nClement VII., 268\\nCleves, Catherine de, ii. 112, 184\\nMarie de, 139\\nCloth of Gold, Field of, 254, 268\\nClothaire, 154\\nCloud, St., ii. 193\\nClouet, Fran5ois, ii. 75, 231, 248\\nClovis, 37; ii. 51, 56\\nCoconnas, ii. 32, 118 note, I20\\nCoeur, Jacques, 87, 158\\nLe, ii. 150 note\\nCognac, ii. 69, 209\\nColbert, 215\\nColigny, Admiral, 303 ii. 33, 39,\\n46, 82-102, 107, 115-118, 170,\\n175 and note, 190, 232\\nGaspard de, ii. 175 note\\nCologne, 37\\nColombieres, 67\\nColumbe, Michel, 124; ii. 248\\nComestor, Pierre, ii. 144\\nCommanderie, 73\\nCommines, Philippe de, 89-91,\\n123, 147, 168, 174, 176, 182,\\n204, 206, 209, 210, 223; ii. 63\\nCompostella, 37\\nConcinis, ii. 195\\nConde, Prince of, 97 ii. 33, 82-\\n102, 240\\nPrincess of, 97, 222 ii. 194\\nConi, 180\\nConstance, 70\\nConstant, Benjamin, 238\\nConstantinople, 87, 270; ii. 240\\nContarini, 201\\nConti, Prince of, ii. 221\\nPrincess of, 113\\nConty, Evrard de, ii. 144\\nCordova, Bishop of, ii. 155\\nGonsalvo di, 231\\nCormery, 151, 202 note\\nAbbey of, ii. 234 note\\nCormier, St. Aubin de, 145\\nCorneille, ii. 165\\nCorrero, Giovanni, ii. 36, 44\\nCortes, 272\\nCosmo, St., ii. 255\\nCosson, Baron de, ii. 65 note, 212\\nCosta, Hilarion, ii. 157\\nCoudray, Fort du, 65, 79\\nCouillatris, 59\\nCourcelles, Pierre de, 104\\nCourier, Paul Louis, 32 ii. 207,\\n222\\nCoutanciere, 104 note\\nCouzi^res, ii. 242-244\\nCracow, ii. 177\\nCrecy, 73\\nCredit Foncier, ii. 25, 26", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "cJnd,\\nex\\n303\\nCroix, La, ii. i6\\nCroye, Ladies of, 31\\nCrusades, 69, 284\\nCumberland, ii. 220\\nCyprus, 126\\nDacier, Madame, 119\\nDante, 169, 176\\nDauphine, 165\\nDaurat, Jean, ii. 12\\nDavila, ii. 44\\nDayelle, ii. 170\\nDelorme, Marion, 31\\nDenis, St., 39, 75; ii. 16, 72\\nChurch of, ii. 104\\nDenys, St., ii. 52\\nDescartes, 303 ii. 258\\nDeschamps, Eustache, ii. 143\\nDiderot, ii. 24\\nDie, Saint, ii. 154\\nDijon, 123\\nDinan, ii. 122, 124\\nDino, Duchesse de, ii. 240\\nDiocletian, ii. 55\\nDiscontented, ii. 84\\nDolmen at Saumur, 117\\nDomremy, 76\\nDorothea, Sophia, of Hanover,\\nii. 219\\nDone, ii. 59\\nDreux, 130; ii. 171\\nDue, Viollet le, no, 153, 283;\\nii. 134, 208, 210\\nDucos, Roger, ii. 54\\nDumas, 30, 104 note ii. 15 note,\\n2,1 note, 45, 102, 118 note, 165,\\n178 note, 216 note\\nDunois, 31, 133, 138, 142, 144;\\nii. 145\\nDupin, M. Claude, ii. 24\\nMadame, ii. 23-25\\nDurward, Quentin, 31, 166; ii.\\n247\\nEcoUEN (Edict of), 304 ii. 76\\nEffranats, Des, ii. 189\\nElboeuf, Due d 190\\nEleanor, wife of Henry II. of\\nEngland, 51-71, 109\\nsister of Charles V., 263,\\n264\\nElias, Count of Maine, 48\\nElizabeth, Madame, ii. 223\\nQueen of England, 302 ii.\\n46, 87, 112, 177 and note\\nEnclos, Mademoiselle de 1 ii.\\n233\\nEncyclopaedists, ii. 24\\nEnghien, Mademoiselle d ii. 23\\nEngland, 49, 50, 69, in, 124\\nnote, 126, 144, 302; ii. 34, 87,\\n142, 207\\nHenrietta of, ii. 233\\nEntragues, 230; ii. 180\\nEpernon, D ii. 179\\nEscadron volant, 29; ii. 13,\\n42 and note, 88, 108\\nEscar, D 188\\nEssarts, Seigneur des, i. 169\\nEste, Anne d ii. 98, 184\\nBeatrice d 179, 180\\nEstienne, 263 ii. 13, 57\\nEstoile, D Pierre, ii. 19, 20, 180\\nEstrees, Diane d ii. 20\\nGabrielle d 30 ii. 20, 22,\\n126, 194, 215\\nEtable, Lefebvre d 273\\nEtampes, Duchesse d 289", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "304\\ncJndi\\nex\\nEu, Count d 138\\nEudes II., 40, 196\\nEustace, 51\\nEustache, St., 154\\nEvelyn, 219 note ii. 52, 103,\\n197. 199, 254, 255\\nEvrault, 112\\nExeter College Chapel, ii. 53\\nnote\\nFabre, M. Joseph, 83\\nFalaise, 71\\nFaronelle, 118\\nFayette, Madame de la, 114\\nFelix, 31, 58\\nFere, La, ii. 124\\nFerme, La, ii. 23\\nFernel, ii. 12\\nFerrara, 145\\nDuke of, 179\\nFerrieres, ii. 89\\nFevre, Robert le, ii. 239\\nFiesque, Comtesse de, ii. 168\\nFilarete, Antonio, 124 note\\nFizes, Simon de, ii. 109\\nFleix, ii. 125\\nFleming, Miss, 302 ii. 34\\nFleur, De Maison, ii. 35 and\\nnote\\nFleuranges, 236, 252 note; ii. 71,\\n72, 153\\nFlorence, 147, 209, 210; ii. 75\\nFlorio, Francesco, 124 note\\nFoix, Gaston de, 234, 235, 260;\\nii. 72\\nGermaine de, ii. 1 50\\nFontaine, La, ii. 134\\nFontainebleau, 25 ii. 74, 76,\\n228\\nFontenoy, ii. 219, 220\\nFontevrault, 23, 24, 49, 69, 71\\n102-119, 258\\nForce, Caumont de la, ii. 120\\nForges, Les, 89\\nFornova, 210\\nFosseuse, La, ii. 125, 169\\nFouquet, Surintendant, 215, 286;\\nii. 102\\nJean, 124; ii. 75 and note,\\n248\\nFrancis I., 112, 124, 148, 160,\\n186-191, 245-275; ii. 26, 206,\\n208, 211, 232\\nXL ii. 31-47, 81-104, 167\\nFranks, 37\\nFredegonde, 29\\nFrederick, Prince Palatine, 264\\nFreundsberg, 264\\nFroissart, 128 note ii. 143\\nFronde, 25 ii. 240, 241\\nFulk the Good, 39, 44\\nNerra (Black Falcon), 45,\\n47. 49. 52, 54. 66, 67, 116,\\n155. 173. 196. 220; ii. 240\\nRechin, 48, 173\\nthe Red, 43\\nFuller, Thomas, 84\\nGaillard Chateau, 69, 71\\nGalitzin, Prince, ii. 21\\nGambetta, Leon, ii. 257\\nGandia, Duke of, 92\\nGargantua, 113\\nGarigliano, 231\\nGatien, St., 34, 35, 39; ii. 246\\nGelais, Saint, 180, 183 ii. 147,\\n166\\nGelduin, 220", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "Sndi\\nex\\n305\\nGenep, i66\\nGenoa, 142\\nGeoffrey, 48, 50, 51, 66\\nGreygown, 44, 154\\nGeorge, St., 63\\nGermain, St., I Auxerrois, ii. 118\\nen Laye, 299, 302 ii. 34\\nGerson, 170\\nGie, Marechal de, 145, 203, 205,\\n210, 211, 234; ii. 67-70\\nGilles, Nicole, ii. 63\\nGiustiniano, Marino, ii. 40\\nGondi, ii. 44\\nGondy, Baptiste, 300\\nGonzague, Marie de, 222\\nGood Hope, Cape of, 271\\nGoujon, Jean, 238; ii. 15, 77,\\n120, 137 and note, 138, 228\\nGrammont, Seigneur de, 229\\nGranada, 205\\nGrandchamp, M., ii. 175\\nGrandet, Eugenie, 119\\nGregory (of Tours), 37 ii. 56\\nGreniers de Cesar, ii. 55\\nGreve, St. Jean en, ii. 84\\nGroslot, ii. 170\\nGuast, Du, ii. 112 and note\\nGuesclin, Du, 73, 203, 282, 283\\nGuicciardini, 91\\nGuienne, 87 ii. 73\\nGuiscard, Robert, 238\\nGuise, 96\\nCardinal de, ii. 32, ^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^f 83-\\n102\\nDuchesse de, 113\\nFran9ois de, ii. 32, 33\\nHenri de, 214; ii. 32, 112,\\n178, 179 note, 181-190\\nTour de, 39\\nVol. II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 20\\nGutenberg, ii. 16\\nGuthrie, 85\\nHalde, Du, ii. 186\\nHardouin, Bishop of Tours, 154\\nHarley, ii. 32\\nHaton, Claude, ii. 166\\nHautefort, Mademoiselle de, ii.\\n215 and note\\nHenry I., King of France, 48\\nII., 238, 251, 275, 289, 292,\\n296, 297 and note, 300-305\\nii. 11-27, 82, 232\\nIII., 65, 96; ii. 107, 176-\\n193, 232, 249, 250\\nIV., 25, 96, 222 ii. 21, 39,\\n107, 114, 193, 194, 215, 251\\nHenry I. of England, 48, 50\\nII. of England, 39, 40, 45,\\n46, 48, 50, 66-69, 108, 109,\\nIII, 220\\nIII. of England, 1 10\\nv., Emperor, 49\\nV. of England, 75, 138\\nVI. of England, 75\\nVIII., 237, 254\\nHeptameron, 262, 270; ii. 114\\nnote\\nHericault, M., 136 note, 137\\nHermite, Tristan 1 1 74 ii. 247\\nHerve, 36\\nHildebert, Archbishop, 49\\nHohenstaufen, 236\\nHolbein, 274\\nHolinshed, 84 note\\nHolland, ii. 234\\nHoly Land, 106\\nHopital, De 1 ii. 32, 39, 120\\nHorloge, Tour de 1 36, 64", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "306\\nSfid^\\nex\\nHubert, St., Chapel of, ii. 52\\nHugo, Victor, 30, 32 ii. 165,\\n216\\nHugon, Tour du roi, 39\\nHuguenots, 97; ii. 81-104, 253-\\n256\\nHundred Years War, 27, 73\\nHuy, ii. 122\\nIndre, 24, 46, 58, 66, loi,\\n151\\nIngelger, 39, 43\\nIsabel, of Angouleme, 70, 1 10\\nof Bavaria, 29\\nIsabella, daughter of John the\\nGood, 125\\nIsabella, Princess, 134\\nIvry, ii. 251\\nJacquerie, 169\\nJames, Henry, 103 note ii. 52\\nnote, 208, 222\\nKing of Scotland, ii. 33\\nV. of Scotland, ii. 163\\nJarnac, 299\\nJean Sans Peur, 132, 139\\nJeanne of France, 92, 144, 224,\\n225\\nJehan, Jacques, 128\\nJerusalem, 37, 47, 49, 67, 236\\nJodelle, Estienne, ii. 32, 165\\nJohn the Good, King of France,\\n125\\nLackland (King of Eng-\\nland), 66, 68, no, 164\\nJoinville, Prince de, ii. 252\\nJovius, Paulus, 94 note, 1 77 note,\\n185 note; ii. 150\\nJoyeuse, Due de, ii. 21, 179\\nJulian, Emperor, 36\\nJulien, St., 47\\nKant, 27\\nKirkcudbright, 88\\nKnights Templars, 72, 73\\nKnights of St. John, 73\\nKonigsmarck, Aurora von, ii.\\n219\\nCount Philip von, ii. 219\\nLafosse, M. Touchard, 98\\nLalain, Comte de, ii. 123\\nLamarck, 296\\nLameire, 199\\nLancaster, 88\\nLancerre, Comte de, ii. 89\\nLandor, 85 ii. 258\\nLangeais, 24, 34, 46, 47, 62,\\n98, 119, 151, 193-215, 286, ii.\\n26, 132\\nDuchesse de, 31\\nLarchant, Sieur de, ii. 188\\nLautrec, 235, 252, 254, 255, 266,\\n286\\nLaval, Guy de, 164\\nLeague, Catholic, 96 ii. 47, 1 78\\nLecouvreur, Adrienne, ii. 219\\nLeczinski, Stanislas, ii. 211, 218\\nLegrand, Jacques, 130\\nLeran, M. de, ii. 118\\nLerins, Comte de, ii. 151\\nLescot, Pierre, ii. 137 and note,\\n228\\nLetellier, Jean Baptiste, ii. 253\\nLidorius, 35\\nLiege, ii. 121-123\\nBishop of, ii. 123\\nLignieres, Captain, ii. 89", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "cJnd^\\nex\\n307\\nLigny, Seigneur de, 182, 183\\nLippomano, Girolamo, ii. 21,\\n103, 212, 250\\nLizet, 259\\nLoches, 24, 26, 32, 43, 45, 46,\\n69, 86, 91, 95, 119, 151-191,\\n223, 259 ii. 104, 195, 241\\nLoignac, ii. 189\\nLoir et Cher, 23\\nLoire, Charite sur, ii. 19\\nLombardy, 126\\nLondon, Tower of, 136, 138\\nLongchamps, ii. 210\\nLongueville, Duchesse de, 200,\\n241\\nLorges, Comte de, ii. 14\\nLorme, Marion de, ii. 216\\nLorraine, Louise de, ii. 19-22\\nLoudun, 46\\nLouis, son of Charlemagne, 38\\nDauphin, 109; ii. 127\\nVL, 48\\nXL, 25, 29, 51, 88-91, 104,\\n123, 143, 144, 174, 205, 223;\\nii. 57, 61, 146\\nXIL, 91-95. 112, 123, 143,\\n164-170, 181-184, 223-241;\\nii. 74, 146, 213\\nXIII., ii. 194, 215, 244\\nXIV., 25, 65; ii. 23, 199,\\n211, 218, 240\\nXVI., 118\\nSt., 71, 164, 198, 258 noie\\nii. II\\nLouise, wife of Henry III.,\\n96\\nLouvre, 72, iii\\nLoyal Servitor, 231, 234, 236,\\n261\\nLuc, St., ii. 124\\nLucca, 107\\nLucien, 31\\nLufon, Bishop of, 229\\nLuitgard, 38\\nLulli, ii. 218\\nLusignan, Geoffrey of, 71\\nGuy of, 66\\nHugues de, no\\nLuther, 270\\nLuynes, 24, 32, 195\\nDue de, ii. 194, 195, 244\\nLyons, 37, 183, 187\\nMabel, Duchess, 179\\nMabille, M., 196\\nMacabre, Danse, 75\\nMache, Saint, 202\\nMachiavelli, 91, 206, 231\\nMadeleine, La, 154\\nMadrid, 260, 262\\nMaille, ii. 244\\nMaine, 37, 46, 47, 48, 50\\nMaine et Loire, 23\\nPrefect of, in\\nMaintenon, Madame de, 30, 114,\\n218, 233\\nMalifaud, M., 108\\nMalines, Saint, ii. 189\\nMalo, St., Bishop of, 211\\nMans, Le, 35 note, 37, 47, 48,\\n67, 128 and note ii. 244\\nMansard, ii. 133, 141, 238\\nMarche, Hugh de la, 71\\nOlivier de la, 165 note\\nRobert de la, ii. 71\\nMargaret of Flanders, 234\\nFrance, 52\\nScotland, 165", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "308\\nSndi\\nex\\nMargot, La Reine, see Valois,\\nMarguerite de\\nMaria Galeazzo, 178\\nTheresa, ii. 220\\nMarignano, 236, 252, 258 ii.\\n74. 240\\nMarigny, 291\\nMarmoutier, 36 ii. 246, 247\\nJean de, 43 ii. 55 note\\nMarot, Clement, 104, 250 ii. 94\\nMarques, Jean, 282\\nPierre, 282\\nMarseilles, 93\\nMarteau, Chapelle, ii. 185\\nMartel, Charles, ^t, S^, 58\\nGeoffrey, 47, 48, 104, 116\\nMartin, St., and Abbey of,\\n36, 38, 39, 69, 80, 102, 196\\nii. 246, 254\\nMatilda of Anjou, 47, 49, 51\\nMaugiron, ii. 180\\nMaurepas, Comte de, ii. 220\\nMaurevel, ii. 115\\nMaurice, St., 35\\nMaximilian, Emperor, 145, 179,\\n202, 234\\nMayence, 37\\nMayenne, 44\\nDue de, 96; ii. 251\\nMazarin, ii. 23, 199\\nMedicis, Catherine de, 29, 238,\\n289, 296; ii. 13, 24, 31-47.\\n81-125, 163-190, 231, 232,\\n250\\nCosmo de, 268 ii. 238\\nJean de, 264\\nMarie de, ii. 194-197, 243,\\n244\\nPiero de, 208\\nMegrin, St., ii. 180\\nMehun sur Yevre, 88\\nMercoeur, Duchesse de, ii. 22\\nMeschinot, 137\\nMetz, 47; ii. 12 note, 99, 195\\nMeudon, Cure de, 61\\nMexme, St., 63\\nMezeray, ii. 188 note, 189, 190\\nnote\\nMezieres, Philippe de, 125\\nMichael, St., 83\\nCollar of, ii. 150\\nOrder of, ii. 58\\nMichel, Mont St., 83, 152; ii.\\n58, 132\\nMichelet, 26, 257 ii. 34\\nMichiel, Giovanni, ii. 43, 47\\nMilan, 145, 146, 178-182, 235,\\n254. 255\\nMilieu, Chateau du, 64, 85\\nMinard, Antoine, ii. 84\\nMinimes, Monastere des, 261\\nMire, 58\\nMirebeau, 46, 51, 71\\nMolay, Jacques, 72\\nMole, La, ii. 120\\nMoliere, ii. 61, 165, 218\\nMonaco, Prince of, ii. 153 note\\nMontaigne, 91 note, 213 ii. 12,\\n32\\nMontalais, ii. 199\\nMontauban, Admiral de, 204\\nBishop of, 222\\nMontbazon, 24, 46, 47, 151\\nDuchesse de, 152, 163, 175;\\nii. 242, 243\\nDuke of, ii. 195, 243\\nMontespan, Madame de, ii. 218\\nMontesquieu, ii. 24", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "c7fic/(\\nex\\n309\\nMontezuma, 249\\nMontfery, ii. 189\\nMontfrault, ii. 206\\nMontholon, ii. 182\\nMontlieu, 258\\nMontluc, 270, 273\\nMontmorency, 250, 269\\nAnne de, 289 ii. 32, 71,\\n232\\nMontpensier, ii. 119\\nMademoiselle de, 113, 197,\\n199, 217, 233, 240\\nMontresor, 46\\nDue de, ii. 241\\nMontrichard, 46, 163 ii. 241\\nMontsoreau, Mademoiselle de,\\n51, 104, 105 ii. 121\\nI.a Dame de, ii. 180\\nMoro, II, see Sforza, Ludovico\\nMortara, 182\\nMortemart, Seigneur de, 138\\nMoulin, Tour du, 65\\nMoulins, 165, 187\\nChateau de, ii. 22\\nMuret, 98; ii. 12\\nNamur, ii. 123\\nNan^ay, M. de, ii. 118, 119\\nNangis, Marquis de, ii. 216\\nNantes, 37 ii. 68, 86\\nEdict of, ii. 252, 253\\nNaples, 95, 145, 146, 210\\nNarbonese,\\nNarbonne, 103 fzote, 125\\nNavarre, Antoine of, ii. 32\\nHenry of, see Henry IV. of\\nFrance\\nQueen of, 261-263, 272-\\n274\\nNemours, 167\\nDue de, see Gie, de\\nNepveu, Pierre le, 283 ii. 209,\\n227\\nNerac, 263, 273; ii. 125, 170\\nNeuilly, De, ii. 185\\nNevers, Madame de, ii. 108\\nNini, 238\\nNoirmoutier, Fran9ois, Marquis\\nde, ii. 109\\nNoizay, ii. 89\\nNominalists, 168\\nNonnains, Pont aux, 54 noie,\\n108\\nNovara, 146, 147, 182, 183, 210,\\n223, 229, 235\\nNuncio, Papal, ii. 95\\nOdo, 33, 44\\nCount of Blois, 45, 46; ii. 57\\nOdos, Castle of, 275\\nOlivier, Chancellor, ii. 90-93\\nOnzain, 219\\nOr, Chateau de I lle d 117, 118\\nOrleans, 31, 35 note, 74; ii. 76,\\n81, 197\\nThree Dukes of, 123-148\\nOrleans, Charles d 133-148\\nGaston d brother of Louis\\nXIV., ii. 22, 133, 196, 197,\\n200, 217, 241\\nLouis d father of Charles\\nd 126\\nMadeleine d 112\\nMaid of, see d Arc, Jeanne\\nPucelle d see d Arc, Jeanne\\nOrme, Philibert de 1 221, 292\\nii. 15\\nOstia, 93", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "310\\nSnd^\\nex\\nPactius. Thomas, 43\\nPalice, La, 233\\nPalissy, Bernard, ii. 20\\nPantagruel, 57, 62\\nPardeillan, Baron de, ii. 91\\nPare, Ambroise, ii. 113\\nParis, 37, 39, 74, 75, no, 123,\\n289; ii. 12, 77\\nPasithee, ii. no\\nPatelin, ii. 60 and note\\nPattison, Mrs. Mark, 124, 197,\\n283; ii. 135, 211, 230\\nPaul v., ii. 172\\nPavia, 126, 179, 186, 187, 249;\\nii. 72\\nPelisson, ii. 207\\nPelouze, M., ii. 25\\nPepin, 38\\nPeronne, 90, 175\\nPerreal, Jean, 237 note\\nPetit, Maitre Jean, 133\\nMr., Ill, 154, 283\\nPetrarca, Francesco, 125, 169\\nPhilip I., 48\\nIII., 198\\nof France (Auguste), 67-\\n69, 71, 104\\nPhilippe, Louis, in\\nPibrac, Chancellor, ii. 125\\nPiennes, Mademoiselle de, ii. 169\\nPiefort, Pierre, 304 note\\nPierrefonds, Castle of, ii. 132\\nPindar, ii. 240\\nPintoricchio, ii. 152\\nPisa, 209, 230\\nPisseleu, Anne de, 264\\nPizarro, 272\\nPlace, Pierre de la, 304 note\\nPlantagenets, 40, 46, 49, 71, 98,\\nloi. III ii. 258\\nPlato, 114\\nPlessis-lez-Tours, 26, 31, 89,\\n175, 199, 289; ii. 19, 58, 59,\\n109, 247, 255\\nPoitiers, t, 37 note, 73, 107,\\n123, 238 ii. 172, 244\\nDiane de, 29, 187-189,\\n270, 279-305; ii. 11-27\\nJean de, 187\\nPoitou, 54, 102, 165\\nPoltrot, ii. 32, 98, 171\\nPompadour, De, Bishop of Peri-\\ngueux, 186 note\\nPontbrillant, 190\\nPontlevoy, ii. 57\\nPontremulo, 178 note\\nPorchier, Estienne, 143 note\\nPorthos, ii. 201\\nPoucher, Jean, 291\\nPoyet, 259\\nPragmatic Sanction, 166\\nPraguerie, 165, 220\\nPrat, Du, 186, 224, 247, 253,\\n256, 267, 286\\nPrie, Emard de, 187\\nPrimaticcio, 284 ii. 17 and\\nnote, 76, 209, 227, 228\\nPrince, Black, ii. 258\\nProtestants, 268-270, 304 note,\\n305\\nProvence, 33\\nPuits-Herbaut, Gabriel de, 113\\nnote\\nPuy, 187\\nBishop of, 185\\nPyrenees, 33", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "(ynd\\nex\\n311\\nQuENTiN, St., 303\\nQuesnel, Maitre, ii. 137, 279\\nQuicherat, 81 note, 85\\nQuixote, Don, adventures of, ii.\\n239\\nRabelais, 30-32, 59, 60, 206,\\n212-214, 263, 273 ii. 59, 257,\\n258\\nRacine, 114\\nRaleigh, Sir Walter, ii. 258\\nRamorantin, ii. 240, 241\\nRamus, M., ii. 12, 120\\nRanee, Armand de, ii. 242, 245\\nand note\\nRaoul, ii. 133\\nRaunay, Baron de, ii. 96 and note\\nRavaillac, ii. 32, 194\\nRavenna, 234, 258 ii. 72\\nRay, M. le, 238\\nReformation, 206, 303\\nRegent, English, ill\\nRegnier, 169\\nReignac, 152\\nRembrandt, 303\\nRemy, Jeanne de St., 303\\nRenaissance, 87, 136, 148, 206,\\n284 ii. 227-230\\nRenard, Matthieu, 96\\nRenaudie, Godefroy de Barry de\\nla, ii. 85-104\\nRene, 88\\nRene, Queen s Florentine per-\\nfumer, ii. 113, 176\\nRetz, De, 190; ii. 216, 241,\\n242, 244, 24s\\nRevol, ii. 182, 188\\nRheims, 81\\nArchbishop of, ii. 146\\nRibeirac, ii. 180\\nRichard Coeur de Lion, 66, 67,\\n69, 70 and note, 109, 164, 247\\nRichelieu, 25, 97, 104, 114, 190,\\n253; ii. 22, 194, 196, 216,\\n245\\ntown of, ii. 245\\nRichemont, Count of, 76, 87\\nRidel, Hugues, ii. 227 note\\nRis, Michael, 229\\nRobbia, Girolamo della, ii. 210\\nRobert of Gloucester, 51\\nRobertet, Florimond, 125, 143,\\n291 ii. 201\\nRocca, 178\\nRochechouart, 190\\nMarie M. G. de, 114\\nRochecorbon, 62, 67, 115, 119,\\n199, 290 ii. 245, 246\\nRochefort, 97\\nRochefoucauld, De la, ii. 119\\nRochelle, La, 138; ii. 251\\nRochester, 162\\nRoger the Devil, 46\\nRohan, Cardinal de, 93, 303\\nDuke of, ii. 195\\nMarie de, ii. 241\\nMademoiselle de, ii. 20\\nVicomte de, ii. 216\\nRoissy, De, ii. 194, 195\\nRomagna, 92\\nRome, 35, 37, 123, 210; ii, 75\\nRomorantin, ii. 209\\nRonsard, 61, g2 ii. 12, 32, 35,\\n37, no, 164, 240, 255\\nRosny, Sieur de, ii. 22\\nRosso, Giovanni Battista, ii. 76\\nRouen, 81, 109\\nRousseau, J. J-, 32 ii. 24", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "312\\nSndi\\nex\\nRoux, Le, ii. 228\\nRovere, Cardinal de la, 175, 232\\n(Pope)\\nRubens, ii. 194, 196\\nRuccelai, Abbe, ii. 195\\nRuggieri, ii. 42\\nRussy, Forest of, ii. 240\\nRuze, ii. 182\\nSainte Chapelle, ii. 53 note\\nSalle, La, ii. 188\\nSand, Georges, 31 ii. 220 note\\nSarthe, 44\\nSaumur, 23, 46, 47, 54, 67, 104\\nnote, 113, 115, 116\\nSaussaye, M. de la, ii. 209, 212\\nSauves, Madame de, ii. 20, 31,\\n186, 187\\nSauveur, St., Church of, ii. 47,\\n133\\nSavoie, Charlotte de, 205\\nLouise de, 29, 58, 112, 186,\\n247, 251, 253, 255-260, 267,\\n287 ii. 72-74, 240\\nSavonarola, 206, 208, 212\\nSavoy, Bastard of, 260\\nSaxe, Marshal, ii. 211, 219\\nSaxony, Elector of, Augustus the\\nStrong, ii. 219\\nScarron, 30\\nScheldt, ii. 220\\nSchomberg, ii. 180\\nScipio, 183\\nScott, Sir Walter, 166, 167\\nScudery, Mademoiselle de, ii. 207\\nSemblan9ay, Charlotte de Beaune,\\nii. 108\\nJacques de Beaune, 58, 255-\\n257, 286, 291 ii. 70, 108\\nSeverus, Sulpicius, ii. 56\\nSeyssel, Claude de, ii. 63\\nSforza, Francesco, 141, 142\\nLudovico, 146, 176, 179,\\n180-184, 206, 209, 229 ii,\\n152\\nShakespeare, 83, 84, 303\\nSicily, Queen of, 76, no, 118\\nSiegfried, Monsieur, 199, 214\\nSienna, Siege of, 302 note\\nSimonetta, Cecco, 178\\nSimonides, ii. 240\\nSmalkald, League of, 268\\nSocrates, 83\\nSoliman, 269\\nSologne, ii. 201\\nSolomon, Song of, 104\\nSophia, Dorothea, ii. 219\\nSorbonne, 304\\nSorel, Agnes, 26, 29, 86, 87,\\n155-159, 164, 273, 293\\nSouthey, 83, 85\\nSpencer, Herbert, 27\\nSpinosa, 303\\nStael, Madame de, 238\\nStatues of the Plantagenet Kings,\\n109-112\\nStephen of Blois, Count of Bou-\\nlogne, 45, 50\\nStuart, Esme, 207 note\\nMarie, 26, 30, 113, 302;\\nii. 18, 31-47, 81, 95, 96, 167,\\n180, 232\\nSuffolk, Duke of, 118, 140\\nSulpice, Sieur de Saint, ii. 180\\nSuriano, Michele, ii. 43\\nSwiss, 165\\nSymphorien, St., 36; ii. 25lf\\n257", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "Sndi\\nex\\n313\\nTalbot, 87\\nTaro, 211\\nTavannes, ii. 119\\nThelema, 33 ii. 210\\nThibault le Tricheur, ii. 142, 206\\nThier, Jean du, ii. 240\\nThou, De, 32; ii. 217, 245\\nAnne de, ii. 238\\nThouet, 117\\nThrockmorton, ii. 177 note\\nTinchebray, 48\\nTitian, ii. 239\\nTorinus, 34 note\\nTorquemada, 205\\nToulouse, 33 ii. 92\\nCount Raymond of, no\\nTournon, Mademoiselle de, ii.\\n122\\nTours, ii. 237-258\\nVicomte de, ii. 180\\nTractus, Armoricanus, 37\\nTrappe, De la, ii. 243\\nTraus, Baron de, 93\\nTremouille, La, 76, 143, 144,\\n182, 183, 203, 231, 235, 260;\\nii. 148\\nTrihan, William de, 68\\nTrinqueau, Maitre Pierre, ii. 209\\nTrivulzio, 180-182, 210, 229\\nTroyes, Jean de, 175 note\\nTr uncus, 116\\nTurenne, ii, 125\\nTurin, 211\\nTurner, ii. 258\\nUrban II., Pope, 106\\nUrsins, Juvenal des, 127 tiote,\\n130 note, 135\\nUsson, Chateau d ii. 125\\nValentinois, Duchy of, 92, 95\\nDuke of, 94\\nValery, Saint, ii. 12\\nVallier, Saint, 293\\nSeigneur de, 187-190, 293\\nValliere, Louise de la, 30 ii.\\n199, 214\\nValois, 130, 232\\nMarguerite de (La Reine\\nMargot) 50; ii. 22, 31, 45,\\n107-127, 172-179, 214\\nVassy, ii. 98\\nVaugien, M. de, 222\\nVauguyon, La, 187\\nVecellio, Cesare, ii. 12\\nVendome, 53; ii. 11, 22\\nDue de, ii. 23\\nVenice, 146, 210, 291\\nVercingetorix, ii. 55 note\\nVerger, Chateau of, ii. 70\\nVerieres, Mademoiselle, ii. 220\\nnote\\nVermandois, ii. 142, 143\\nVernant, St., ii. 244\\nVersailles, 25 ii. 23, 201\\nVersigny, Nicole de, 303\\nVertus, 130\\nVesc, Etienne de, 203, 210; ii. 62\\nVespers, Sicilian, ii. 116\\nVieilleville, 299, 301; ii. 12, 14, 89\\nVienna, 24, 46, 47, 54, 57, 58,\\n62, loi, 104, 108, 151\\nVigelli, 287\\nVignemont, 163\\nVigny, De, 32, 116, 222, 245\\nVilleneuve, Rene, Comte de, ii. 25\\nVilleroi, ii 182\\nVillon, Francois, 60, 79, 142,\\n169; ii. 59, 144", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "314\\nSnd\\nex\\nVincennes, 97, 199\\nVinci, Leonardo da, 208 ii. 74\\n75. 77, 141. 152\\nVineuil, De, ii. 240\\nVisconti, Filippo Maria, 141\\nGian Galeazzo, 125-148\\nValentine, 126-148; ii. 132,\\n143-145, 210\\nViscontis, 204, 207 note\\nVisigoths, 37 ii. 51\\nVitet, ii. 177 note, 250 note\\nVoltaire, 83, 167, 206; ii. 24\\nWatteau, ii. 240\\nWestminster Abbey, 51\\nWilliam the Aetheling, 49\\nthe Conqueror, 27, 47\\nthe Marshal, 68\\nWilson, Daniel, ii. 25\\nMadame, ii. 25\\nWindsor, 66\\nWingfield, 136\\nWolsey, 227\\nWorcester, William of, 84\\nWordsworth, ii. 258\\nWalsingham, ii. 46\\nWars of Religion, 95, 113\\nYork, 36, 88\\nYoung, Arthur, ii. 200, 207, 255", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1764", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3082", "width": "1938", "jp2-path": "oldtourainelifeh00cook_0394.jp2"}}