{"1": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0(nil", "height": "3170", "width": "2097", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Conservation Resources\\nLig-Free\u00c2\u00ae Type I", "height": "3206", "width": "2147", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "The Coming Centennial\\nApril 7, 1888,\\nExercises at Marietta, Ohio, April 7, 1886, Con-\\nnected WITH the Celebration of the 98TH Anniver-\\nsary OF THE Settlement of Ohio and the North-\\nwest Territory.\\nMARIETTA, OHIO.\\nMARIETTA REGISTER POWER PRINT,\\nE. R. ALDERMAN SONS.", "height": "3206", "width": "2147", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "??X L^, Q4. VUyU. 0-i\\n-JO.", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "Pioneer Day, April 7, 1886.\\nPreliminary Statement.\\nAt a meeting of the citizens of Marietta, members of the\\nPioneer Association and others, held at the Mayor s office,\\nMarch 6th\u00e2\u0080\u009e it was thought best to appoint a committee of\\ncitizens to make arrangements for tlie celebration of the\\ncoming Seventh of April, and the following gentlemen were\\nappointed: Captain George Benedict, Mr. W. H. Buell, Hon.\\nR. R. Dawes, S. J. Hathaway, Esq., Professor O. H. Mitchell,\\nHon. T. W. Moore, Mr. A. T. Nye, Mr. Wilson Waters,\\nHon. W. G. Way.\\nThe plan subsequently adopted by this committee provided\\nfor the annual meeting of the Washington County Pioneer\\nAssociation at eleven o clock for the election of officers and\\nthe transaction of other business, and a general meeting at two\\no clock in the City Hall, to be addressed by different gentlemen.\\nThe pi-oceedings of the Pioneer Association and the ad-\\ndresses at the afternoon public meeting have been brought to-\\ngether in this pamphlet, that the people of Washington county\\nand others interested in the approaching Centennial may\\nknow what has already been done and what is contemplated\\nwith reference to that important occasion.", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "M EiSting of the pioneer association,\\nThe Pioneer Association,\\nThe annual meeting of the Washington County Pioneer\\nAssociation was held Wednesday, April 7, 1SS6, at 11 A. M.,\\nin the Firemen s Hall, the President, Mr. Douglas Putnam, in\\nthe chair. After the reading of the minutes the officers of the\\nAssociation were re-elected, as follows: President, Douglas\\nPutnam; Vice-President, William Ghnes; Recording Secre-\\ntary, W. F. Curtis; Corresponding Secretary, R. M. Stimson\\nTreasurer, F. A. Wheeler.\\nExecutivp: Committee.\\nI. W. Andrews, W. P. Cutler, Henry Fearing, B. F. Hart,.\\nL. J. P. Putnam,\\nThe resignation of Dr. G. O. Hildreth from the Centennial\\nCommittee was accepted, and Mr. A. T. Nye was chosen to\\nthe vacancy. Hon. A. J. Warner and Captain George Bene-\\ndict were added to the Committee, which is now constituted\\nas follows:\\nCentennial Committee.\\nI. W. Andrews, W. P. Cutler,\\nBeman Gates, R. M. Stimson,\\nA. T. Nye, A. J. Warner,\\nGeorge Benedict.\\nThe Association requested the Citizens Committee of nine,\\nwhose names are given above, to act in behalf of the Associa-\\ntion, as well as of the citizens of Marietta, in making, in co-\\noperation with the Centennial Committee, all necessary prep-\\narations for the celebration to be held on the 7th of April, 1S8S.\\nThe same committee were also requested to present to the\\nOhio State Archaeological and Historical Society at their next\\nannual meeting an invitation to hold their annual meeting for\\niSSSat Marietta in connection with the Centennial celebration.", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "Tliu constitiilion of tlic Association was alk-ied by slrikiii;^-\\nout, as a cohdition for iiicinl)crship, a resilience in the .State of\\nOhio for a prcscrihed period, so that any person upon the\\n})ayment of one doUar and si^ninj^- the constitution may be-\\ncome a member.\\nRemarks were made by thfferent citizens as to the action to\\nbe taken in anticipation of the celebration two years hence, all\\nindicating great interest in the matter and a desire to do what-\\never can be done to make that occasion one worthy of the\\nevent to be commemorated.\\nMr. A. A. Graham, .Secretary of the .State Historical So-\\nciety was called on to speak, but as he had been invited to\\nmake an address in the afternoon he preferred to reserve his\\nremarks to that time.\\nRepor r OF THE Centennial CoMMiTrEE.\\nThe chairman of the Centennial Committee made an in-\\nformal verbal report, embodying a brief sketch of what had\\nl)een done by way of preparation for the Centennial of i88S,\\nas follows:\\nAt the annual meeting of this Association in iSSi, a letter\\nwas read from General Benjamin D, Fearing, who was unable\\nto lie present, reminding the members of the approaching Cen-\\ntennial, and of the importance of begmnmg to make arrange-\\nments for its appropriate celebration. A committee was ac-\\ncordingly appointed to wdiom the subject was referred, with\\ninstructions to adopt and carry out such measures as should\\nseem best adapted to prepare the way.\\nThis committee consisted of I. W. Andrews, Benjamin D.\\nFearing, Beman Gates, R. M. .Stimson, and George O. Hil-\\ndreth. At the next annual meeting W. P. Cutler was ap-\\npointed in place of General Fearing, who died greatly la-\\nmented in December, iSSi.\\nThe committee were early impressed with the importance\\nof calling attention to the subject by a celebration of the 95th\\nanniversary of the settlement, and arrangements were accord-\\ningly made for that celebration. Hon. George B. Loring, U.\\nS, Commissioner of Agriculture, was invited to deliver the\\naddress. Mr. Loring was formerly the Representative in", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Congress from the district in Eastern Massachusetts from\\nwhich a portion of the first settlers came. The celebration\\nwas in every respect successful. The Gov^ernor of the State,\\nHon. Charles Foster, and other distinguished men were\\npresent, and there was a very large assemblage of the de-\\nscendents of the pioneers and others. The proceedings were\\npublished in a pamphlet of seventy-six pages, embracing, be-\\nsides the address of Dr. Loring, the speeches of the after-\\nnoon by Governor Foster and others, and various letters from\\nthose who could not come.\\nIn the winter of 1884-85, the subject of forming a State\\nHistorical Society of Ohio was discussed at Columbus, sug-\\ngested probably by the approaching completion of Ohio s first\\ncentury, and a meeting was called to be held at that place on\\nthe 12th of March, 1885. The President of our Pioneer As-\\nsociation and three members of the Centennial Committee at-\\ntended that meeting and participated in the formation of that\\nSociety. It may be stated also that of the fifteen Trustees of\\nthe Society three were assigned to Marietta.\\nAt that first meeting of the State Society the following\\nresolution, proposed by John W. Andrews, Esq., of L olumbus\\nwas adopted:\\nResolved^ That th|^ Society cordially approves of the erection at\\nMarietta of a suitable monumental structure to commemorate the services\\nof the patriotic men wlio obtained a valid title to the North Western\\nTerritory, and established therein tlie principles of civil and religious\\nliberty expressed in the ordinance of July 13, 1787; and the Society will\\ngladly participate in the proposed celebration to be held in the city of\\nMarietta on the seventh of April, 1888, to commemorate the ai^plication\\nof the principles of the ordinance in the first permanent occupation of\\nthe soil of Ohio by systematic colonization.\\nAt the first annual meeting of the State Society held at\\nColumbus, February 19, 1886, a committee was appointed to\\nreport what action should be taken as to the Centennial of 1888.\\nThis committee, consisting of W. P. Cutler, Charles Townsend,\\nJohn B. Peaslee, A. W. Jones, and N. S. Townshend, recom-\\nmended that the Society memorialize the General Assembly\\nof Ohio to take such measures as might be deemed best to se-\\ncure the erection at Marietta of a monumental structure. This\\nrecommendation was adopted by the Society, as was the form", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "5\\nof a memorial presented hy the committee. The same com-\\nmittee was charg-ed with the duty of hiying tiie memorial be-\\nfore the Legislature, and was directed to correspond with the\\nhistorical societies of other States in regard to the celebration.\\nThe memorial is as follows:\\nMemorial of the Ohio ARciiyEOLOGicAL and Historical\\nSociety to the General Assembly ok the State of\\nOhio:\\nYour Memorialists would respectfully represent: That the\\nconquest of the Territory North West of the Ohio River\\nfrom the British crown was an object of importance to the\\npeoj^le of the United States second only to that of National\\nIndependence. That this object was attained through the\\nwisdom and patriotism of the Continental Congress in guiding\\nthe affairs of the great revolutionary struggle to a successful\\nissue and by the valor, endurance, and personal sacrifices of\\nthe army. That after the treaty of 1783 securing this terri-\\ntory to the United States, the efforts of Congress were suc-\\ncessfully directed to quieting all claims of title by any of the\\nStates to this Territory so that it became common property\\nto be disposed of for the common benefit. That by the Ordi-\\nnance of May 20th, 1785 a system of surveys and entries of\\nland was established which has resulted in placing its owner-\\nship in the hands of its occupiers and cultivators. That by\\ntheir Ordinance of July 13, 1787, an organic law was adopted\\napplicable to this territory, embracing all the essential princi-\\nples of civil and religious liberty, with a full recognition of\\npersonal freedom and rights, and of educational and moral\\nforces as essential to good government and the happiness of\\nmankind. That Congress early adopted the policy of form-\\ning distinct governments or States North West of the\\nOhio River, and that the State of Ohio was the first to receive\\na practical application of that policy. That the army who\\nhad so heroically endured the exposures and hardships of war\\nthrough that memorable struggle found at its close a bankrupt\\ntreasury upon which to dejoend for compensation for their\\nservices. That in this trying emergency a large and influential\\nnumber of the officers, supported by -their Commander-in-", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Chief, entered earnestly upon a scheme of colonization which\\nfully accorded with the policy of Congress offering to ex-\\nchange th^ir final certificates, given in settlement of their\\naccounts, for lands in that distant wilderness and also to ac-\\ncept their promised bounties as a part of the scheme. That\\nthese efforts and plans of the officers of the army resulted in\\na systematic, well organized settlement of the country by an\\nintelligent, robust, and industrious class of men. That in ma-\\nturing their plans they exerted a direct and favorable influence\\nupon Congress in the formation of anorganic law under which\\nthey were preparing to venture their all with their families\\nand neighbors as the first permanent occupiers of the North\\nWest. That this scheme of systematic occupation of Ohio\\nsoil was consummated by the landing on the 7th of April,\\n1788, at Marietta, of the Pioneer force who thus opened the\\ngates for a Christian civilization to enter the great North West.\\nThat these Pioneers in common with many others following\\nand occupying other portions of territory were subject to the\\ndangers and great hardships of an Indian War, which was\\nonly terminated by the Greenville treaty of i795-\\nNow, in view of the important services rendered to the\\nState of Ohio to the whole of the North Western Territory\\nto our common country to the progress of civil and re-\\nligious liberty and the elevation of mankind, by the efficient\\nagents and actors who have thus laid the foundations of many\\ngenerations your petitioners ask that some suitable recog-\\nnition of the wisdom of states7ncn and the valor of the army\\nmay be made by the State of Ohio.\\nIn order that the virtues .and services of a most worthy an-\\ncestry may be presented to posterity in an impressive form,\\nthat will lie best calculated to inspire a patriotic devotion to\\ninstitutions and inheritances thus established for their benefit,\\nwe ask that a Monumental vStructure worthy alike of this\\ngreat Nation and the noble men who have laid these foundations\\nbe erected at the city of Marietta in time to be completed by\\nthe 7th of April, 18S8; and to this end we ask that you will\\ntake such action as you may deem most proper to secure this\\nobject.\\nThe committee of the State Society presented this memorial", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "to the General Assembly, and the followinj^ joint resolution\\nintroduced into the Senate by Hon. A. W. Glazier was passed\\nunanimously by both Houses:\\nWirEREAS, The acquisition of the territory Nortliwest of the Ohio river\\nby conquest from the British crown was an object of great National im-\\nportance to the United States and\\nWhereas, This acquisition was eifected by the wisdom and patriotism\\nof the Continental Congress in conducting the affairs of the confederacy\\nthrough the memorable revolutionary struggle, and also by the valor, en-\\ndurance and sacrifice of the army, and\\nWhereas, The Congress representing the old thirteen States compris-\\ning the confederacy succeeded in quieting all claims to adverse titles to\\nthis territory so that it became common property to be used and disjjosed\\nof for our common benefit and\\nWhereas, By the laws and ordinances of that Congress the blessings\\nof civil and religious liberty with full guaranties of personal freedom\\nand personal rights have been forever secured to posterity and\\nWhereas, The first settlement of the Territorj of the Northwest was\\nmade at Marietta, Ohio, in April, 1788, where it is now proposed to hold\\na centennial celebration April 7, 1888, in commemoration of that historic\\nevent, and regarding this an appropriate occasion for the Nation to ex-\\npress its gratitude for the services rendered by the Continental Congress\\nand the army under its control therefore be it\\nResolved, By the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that our\\nSenators in Congress be instructed and our Representatives requested to\\nuse their efforts to obtain an appropriation for the erection of a suitable\\nmonumental structure at said city of Marietta, Ohio, to commemorate\\nthis historic event.\\nResolved, That the Governor be requested to transmit a copy of these\\nresolutions to our Senators and to each member of the House of Kepre-\\nsentatives of Congress of the United States from Ohio.\\nThis action of the General Assembly shows the j^i csent\\ncondition of the centennial movement. It may fairly be hoped\\nthat Congress will entertain favorably the proposition of the\\nLegislature of Ohio.\\nPur.Lic Meeting in the City Hall, at 3 P. M., April\\n7, i886.\\nAt the request of the Committee of Citizens, Dr. I. W.\\nAndrews presided on the occasion. The exercises were\\nopened with prayer by Rev. H. C. Haskell of Harmar.\\nThe first address was made by Hon. W. P. Cutler.", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8\\nIntroductory Address, April 7th, i8S6, Celebration\\n98TH Anniversary, Marietta, Ohio:\\nWhen Napoleon undertook his invasion of Egypt and his\\nveterans w^ere sinking under the toils and fatigues of its arid\\nsands, he led them to a point where those monuments of\\nancient art the Pyramids were presented to view, and point-\\ning to their hoary summits he exclaimed, Forty centuries,\\nare looking- down zipon you Under the inspiration of that\\nsentiment the Battle of the Pyramids was the defeat of\\nthe Mamelukes.\\nWe are standing to-day where one century looking down\\nupon us.\\nWhat did forty centuries accomplish for Egypt? 07ice the\\nhead of all nations the world s fountain of wisdom a\\ngranary for all peoples? Notjo with the richest and most\\nfertile of soils its miserable populations have only the susten-\\nance that six cents per diem will bring them as the full com-\\npensation for their daily toil. It is no longer a nation. It\\nhas lords many, and every lord is a robber. It may be a\\ngeographical expression retaining its ancient and once honored\\nname, but for all the grand purposes of humanity it is a wreck,\\na ruin, a waste place.\\nNow let us turn for a moment to the one century that casts\\nits kindly and instructive glance down upon us. We may\\ncall it our century as it reaches back to the beginnings of our\\ncivil and social life.\\nI like the word century., as a measure of time, a recorder of\\nhuman events.\\nDays, months, even years pass away so rapidly, they leave\\naffairs so unsettled, with such heavy clouds of doubt hanging\\nover the future, while even the present is in confusion, that\\nthere is but little ground upon which to rest for serious reflec-\\ntion. But a ce?itury well rounded up is like gaining an emi-\\nnence from which the broad landscape of many days travel\\ncan be taken in quietly, satisfactorily and most instructively.\\nFrom this summit then let us look back and gather up a few\\nthoughts from the store house of a hundred years.\\nIn July, 1786, one of the important preliminary steps for\\nthe permanent occupation of the North Western Territory", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "9\\nwas taken. The surveyors appointed by Conj^rcss imdcr the\\nOrdinance of May 20th, 1785, asseml)lcd at Pittsburg under\\nthe ijcncral supervision of Thomas Ilutchins, the geographer\\nof the United States, and the surveying of the Seven Ran^rcs\\nw^as soon commenced under the more immediate direction of\\nGeneral Tupper, Colonel Sproat, Major Sargent, and other\\nState Surveyors.\\nThis application of science to running lines by the mag-\\nnetic needle subdividing the virgin soil prior to its occupation\\nplatting, recording, then disposing of the land in fee simple,\\nwithout quit rents or other incumbrance of any kind to those\\nwho were forever to hold political power and control civil\\ngovernment, was an historical landmark in our National life,\\nsecond to no other in importance.\\nThe Ordinance of May 30th, 1785, was the work of the\\nold Continental Congress. Washington says that it was\\npassed after long and painful deliberations. Colonel Gray-\\nson, of Virginia, says it would have taken forty volumns to\\ncontain the discussion on that subject. Madison remarks that\\nit was a contest between the township system and that of J7i-\\ndisci-imate locations.\\nWhile personal influences cannot be traced with accuracy\\nbecause we have scarcely a page or scrap of Grayson s forty\\nvolumes, yet it was really the adoption of the New England\\nplan based upon the idea that every man should have a fair\\nand equal opportunity to acquire ownership in land, and that\\nconvenient civil districts called townships should be laid off at\\nthe start.\\nBy this policy as respect lands tenure tlie question which\\nnow more than any other engages the attention of England s\\nwisest statesmen and threatens revolution if not disruption\\nwas forever settled and settled at the right time.\\nFrom our elevated point of observation we can trace the\\nbeneficent and permanent influences of that land tenure policy\\nall the way across the continent; so that the wild schemes of\\nAnarchists and Socialists are met with a quiet, but solid and\\nimmovable force of ownership of the soil; every man sitting\\nunder his own vine and fig tree, with political, civd, and", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10\\nphysical power enough to hid all intruders keep hands off P\\nSuch owners cannot he molested or made afraid.\\nWe may also recall that other Ordinance of that old\\nCongress passed July 13, 17S7, under which all the funda-\\nmental principles of civil and religious liberty with full guar-\\nanties of 231 otection to person and property were forever\\nmade the Organic Law.\\nAlong with these more common safeguards we also find\\nthe exceptional feature of prescribing moral and educational\\nforces as essential to good government, as evidence of the\\nwise foresight of these founders of the great repuhlic.\\nBut we may pass from these public acts which richly de-\\nserve grateful recognition at the hands of posterity and trace\\nfor a moment the activities of that great pioneer force who\\nbraved the perils and endured the hardships of first settlement\\nand cultivation.\\nOne general fact or condition may be recalled on this occa-\\nsion; that is, the first settlement of Ohio and of the North\\nWest was started from along its Eastern border and was con-\\nfined to that region which stretches from the Lake on the\\nNorth to the Miami River on the South West.\\nThis district was also first occupied in distinct groups, each\\none having distinctive characteristics.\\nFirst came the application of that preparatory process, the\\nsurveys of the Seven Ranges.\\nSecond. The actual occupation in the way of permanent\\nsettlement by the Ohio Company, extending from the Seven\\nRanges down the river to the Scioto.\\nThird. Nearly simultaneously as to purchase and settle-\\nment came the Symms purchase between the Miamis.\\nFourth. The Virginia Military district between the Scioto\\nand Little Miami.\\nFifth. To these distinct groups of territory may be added\\nthe United States Military district lying west of the Seven\\nRanges; also,\\nSixth. The Connecticut, or Western Reserve, the settle-\\nment of which commenced after Wayne s Treaty in 1795.\\nIt is worthy of observation that all these groups had their\\nseparate origins and distinct characteristics.", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "11\\nIt was a Mosaic of foundation material in which the highest\\nvirtues, with courage, experience, endurance, and practical\\nwisdom were finely and conspicuously hlended. These set-\\ntlers of the Eastern horder not only incurred the hardships of\\npioneer life, but they withstood the brunt of the Indian War.\\nThey not only maintained territorial government, but all the\\nCounties nine in number that organized the State of Ohio\\nwere found within the limits of the six groups of her Territory.\\nIn many respects they have distinct and separate elements of\\nhistory; and the closing up of a century affords an appropri-\\nate occasion for a careful survey and recording of their many\\nand distinguishing virtues. Posterity needs and ought to\\nhave their history. The finest of the wheat from New Eng-\\nland, Virginia, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania was planted in\\nthese different localities.\\nFrom this base thus formed along its Eastern border the\\ncentral and north western portions of Ohio were filled up\\nafter the Treaty of 1795 and the completion of the United\\nStates Surveys. This movement of population was more the\\nresult of individual enterprise, but none the less worthy of\\nattention and notice.\\nTo one peculiar characteristic of these eai ly founders of\\nour Commonwealth I wish to call special attention at this\\ntime. That is the large representation to be found in their\\nnumbers of the old veterans of the Revolutionary and French\\nWars. Their lives were spent in first aiding the mother\\ncountry to conquer the North West from France; then with\\nthe aid of France to conquer it from England; then after ac-\\ncepting their promised bounties and the only equivalent that\\na bankrupt government could give for their services in lands\\nthey endured the perils of a third, Indian War, before all\\ntitles were quieted, and peaceable possession fully acquired.\\nThe memories of these noble men deserve recognition and\\na MONUMENT that will for all future time keep fresh and\\ngreen their virtues and their services.\\nPosterity cannot afford to lose the lesson of their lives.\\nTurning from this general outlook it is appropriate on this\\noccasion to recall the fact that it was here upon the banks of\\nthe Ohio and the Muskingum that the plans and policies of", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12\\nthe Continental Congress, in regard to the North Western\\nTerritory, cuhiiinated and assumed j^i ^ictical apphcation in the\\nform of permanent settlement. It is well to bear in mind\\nthat at that time the policy of the government was positively\\nhostile to individual enterprise. No pre-emptions were al-\\nlowed. Tomahawk rights _ or squatter claims were re-\\nsisted by military foi-ce. Early trespassers on public lands\\nwere ejected and their cabins burned down before their eyes.\\nCompact and continuous settlement was the policy. The\\nrange^ town^ and section had triumphed over indiscriminate\\nlocations. Washington said compact, progressive settling\\nwill give strength to the Union, admit law, good government\\nand federal aids at an early period. This immense real estate\\nconstituting the only resourse over which the old Confederacy\\nhad control was regarded as property to be disposed of for\\ncom.?non benefit^ as well as territory to be governed by a com-\\nmon sovereignty. Although the preparatory step of surveys\\nhad commenced loo years ago (in 1786) yet no progress had\\nbeen made in actual settlement.\\nThe Seven Ranges were treated as the property of the\\nseveral States. Deeds for those lands, with a few exceptions,\\ncame from the loan officers of each State. It was right he7 c\\nin connection with the event we are now celebrating that the\\nessential principles of nationality, of the rightful sovereignty of\\na Nation both as respects property and government were fully\\nand for the first time asserted and applied. The contract for\\nthe Ohio Company s lands was made with the United States\\nin Congress assembled, and without reference to separate\\nownership of the States. The ordinance of government\\ncame from the same source and asserted sovereign power over\\nthe North West. Hitherto the Confederacy had exercised\\nonly delegated power from the States. But here was an ex-\\npression of the inherent sovereignty of a Nation. All this\\nwas confirmed, consolidated, and made organic by the Con-\\nstitution subsequently adopted.\\nThere was a j^eriod of transition in regard to this import-\\nant question of nationality, dating from the full confirmation\\nof the Treaty of Peace in 17S3. Mr. Read, of vSouth Caro-\\nlina, offered a proposition in the Continental Congress on", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "13\\nApril 33d, 17S4, as follows: The said settlers shall he ruled\\nby Ma ^istrates to be appointed hy the United States in Con-\\ngress assembled and under laws and regulations as the United\\nStates in Congress assembled shall direct. This was voted\\ndown, only Maryland and Pennsylvania voting for it. The\\nresolutions of the same date\u00e2\u0080\u0094 known as the Jeffersonian were\\nessentially sq7iatter sovereignty in principle. The Ordinance\\nof May 20th, 17^55 providing for surveys and disposing of\\nthe lands was essentially a States Rights Ordinance. That\\nof July 13th, 1787, had in it the essential element of national\\nsovereignty. The order of the Board of Treasury taken\\nJuly 37th, 1787, was a direct assertion of a sovereign right to\\ndispose of a large tract of land without reference to State\\nRights.\\nThe States Rights feature of the Land Ordinance of 1785\\nwas repealed July 9th, 1788. All these acts of that transition\\nperiod clustered around the North West Territory, and it may\\nfairly be claimed that the germ of nationality was planted in\\nOhio soil when the Pioneers landed at Marietta on the 7th of\\nApril, 1788.\\nI have thus briefly suggested some of the topics worthy of\\nreflection and discussion have pointed out a few of the ol)-\\njects of interest that a backward glance over otir century\\nbrings to view in the wide panorama of the past.\\nFrom the time that Rufus Putnam enlisted as a private in\\nthe first campaign against Canada on the 15th of March, 1757,\\nto the signing of Wayne s treaty of peace with the Indians\\nin 1795 a period of 38 years this North West Territory\\nwas at all times a prominent subject of public and private in-\\nterest. Trace the veteran soldier through his three wars, he\\nwas fighting for the North West; trace the old Congress\\nthrough the Revolutionary War, it was to secure its acquisi-\\ntion. Then follow their laborious efforts to quiet all the\\nclaims of the different States to this Territory; look over\\ntheir prolonged efforts in maturing a system of surveys and in\\ndisposing of this vast territory. Trace the effects and results\\nof that system from .the time that General Tupper antl his\\nassociates drove the corner stake, and marked the Witness\\nTrees of Section otie, Town one^ Range one; follow that sys-", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14\\ntern of surveys and land distribution across the continent;\\nestimate tlie power, the wealth, the intelligence, the moral\\nelevation, the universal happiness and contentment of the\\nmillions of homestead owners of the soil. Go back and trace\\nfrom its first application here the beneficent influence of the\\ngovernmental Ordinance; gather up the noble deeds of these\\nwar vetei ans that now sleep in your Mound graveyard and\\nother Ohio cemeteries; remember the personal sacrifices and\\nservices of pioneers in the civil line. Do this and you will\\nfind that this day s celebration comprehends a grand and in-\\nviting theme for reflection, for historical research and grateful\\nappreciation.\\nBut those earlier stages of western enterprise were not free\\nfrom adverse currents and influences.\\nThe initial step was taken in 1783, when 38S officers of the\\narmy, despairing of any cash equivalent for their services,\\npetitioned Congress to erect a New State in the Ohio valley\\nallot to them from promised bounties and accept their final\\ncertificates of settlement in payment of land in that wild and\\ndistant region. This interval of five years ujd to April 7,\\n178S, was a busy one in maturing plans and in choosing loca-\\ntions. Several of the old States had lands of their own for\\nsale and settlement and were consequently adverse to the loss\\nof their best citizens to build up distant and possibly hostile\\ninterests. The Ohio scheme met with much opposition\\nand even ridicule.\\nThe condition of affairs west of the mountains was at that\\ntime threatening to the authority and integrity of the United\\nStates government.\\nGeneral Washington, on resigning his command of the\\narmy, entered at once upon a scheme of internal improvement\\ndesigned to bind the Ohio valley to Virginia seaports by the\\ncement of interest.\\nIn his letter to Governor Harrison urging those plans he\\nsays that the west then \u00e2\u0080\u00a2stood on a pivof and that the xveight\\nof a fcatlicr might turn it any way either to the Spaniards\\non the south or the British on the nortlo.\\nIn 1790, Fisher Ames, who was a true frieiid to the Ohio\\nscheme, asked General Putnam two questions ist, can we", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "15\\nretain the west as a part of the Union? and 2(1, will it be\\nworth the effort? The best showin;^ that Putnam eoulil\\nthen make was that there was 160,000,000 acres of land\\nwhich he estimated after cxtin^uishinjj; the Indian titles to be\\nworth fifty cents per acre.\\nThe principal reliance then in the way of commerce was the\\npelti-y trade but with fine prospects in future, from the\\nnative resources of the country.\\nHe reviewed the three alternatives of danger the Spaniards\\nholding the month of the Mississippi, the British holding the\\nlake and St. Lawrence outlet, and the possible assertion of po-\\nlitical independence by the people, but urged that if Congress\\nwould afford them protection from the savages the west would\\nremain in the Union.\\nThere can be no doubt that it was the location at the proper\\ntime here at Marietta and in the different groups of Ohio ter-\\nritory that I have named of a strong and influential body of\\nmen who were the personal friends and companions of Wash-\\nington, and who were firmly attached to the Federal govern-\\nment that averted those dangers turned the fivoV in the\\nright direction and forever settled all those early schemes of\\nsecession and disunion.\\nWhen the pioneer fathers reached their promised land here\\nin the Ohio valley, they found the monuments of unknown\\ncenturies looking down on them; when Rufus Putnam built\\nCampus Martins and planted his 100 acre corn field he laid\\nthe foundations of a Christian civilization upon the ruins of an\\nobsolete and long departed heathenism. Archaeologists tell\\nus that Ohio was once densely populated. By whom, or\\nwhence they came, or whither they went are questionns for\\nthe curious enquirer.\\nBut is there any evidence that these monuments of the past\\nthat look down upon us as we are here assembled to-day ever\\nwitnessed the moral, social or even industrial elevation of their\\nbuilders?\\nWhat will be the testimony of another century of our his-\\ntory as it looks down upon the results of its own activities?\\nWhat will forty centuries bear witness to? Will this broad\\nand fertile valley stretching from the Ohio to the Mississippi,", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16\\nnow the very heart of the most powerful and prosperous na-\\ntions on earth, will it then he like Egypt a mass of ruins a\\nwitness agains the folly and wickedness of its own people?\\nWill it go back to a more dreary desolation than when our\\nfathers found it?\\nMost assuredly there is a brighter prospect before us. We\\nmay hope and expect that the prophetic beatitudes of humanity\\nmay here be. realized; when the vine and fig tree will\\nshelter every man s own home; when the plow and pruning\\nhook will dispace the sword when the fig tree and myrtle\\nwill take the place of the thorn and brier; when joy and\\nsinging shall break forth in all places. What solid ground\\nhave we for such exalted anticipations for our future as we\\nturn away from the wrecks of time that now disfigure the\\nface of the earth where mighty empires once stood? Our\\nhopes must rest upon the foundations, carefully and skillfully\\nlaid in our governmental and social structure.\\nThe corner stones are found, in complete guaranties of per-\\nsonal and civil rights, in that relig-ion which comes in\\npurity, freedoin and power to the individual directly from\\nthe great Author of his being in that morality which is\\nan expression of the religion of the Bible in that knowl-\\nedge which extends to all subjects of useful enquiry em-\\nbraces all departments, and calls into active exercise all the\\nmental powers. Not only may we rest our hopes upon these\\nwell laid foundations, biit also upon the fact that this first cen-\\ntury has witnessed an honest, earnest, and successful application\\nof these organic principles in civil affairs and social life.\\nI have spoken of the present as a centennial occasion, and\\nhave done so because the policy and plans both of government\\nand of the projectors of the first settlement were in active pro-\\ngress of preparation and of organization even more than one\\nhundred years ago. In fact they date from that memorable\\nyear 1783? when the North West Territory was secured to\\nthe United States by the firmness of John Adams and John Jay\\nwho positively refused to sign any Treaty that would re.\\nlinquish it. Still there are two intervening years before\\nthe century of actual occupation is fully rounded up. These\\nshould be years of zealous work, in embalming the memories", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "17\\nand deeds of a moi^t worthy ancestry for the heiiefit of their\\nposterity.\\nChildren can have no richer inheritance, no lietter stimulus\\nto a useful life than the virtues and example of such a parentage.\\nThe Ohio State Historical and Archieological Society have\\nkindly and zealously undertaken to encourag-e a suitable celel)ra-\\ntion at Marietta at that time. They have also undertaken to\\npromote the erection here of some suitable monumental\\nstructure that may through the coming centuries look down\\nupon the teeming millions of the Great Republic and remind\\nthem of the organic principles upon which it was founded.\\nTo this end the society has secured the passage of a joint\\nresolution by the Ohio Legislature calling upon Congress to\\nrecognize the landing of the pioneers at Marietta on the 7th\\nof April, 17SS, as an event of national importance and worthy\\nof an appropriation for a monumental structure at the expense\\nof the General Government. The society will also open cor-\\nrespondence with other historical associations with a view to\\nenlist their co-operation in these objects.\\nThe Secretary has kindly favored us with his presence here\\nto-day\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I cordially welcome his attendance and beg leave to\\nintroduce him to the audience.\\nMr. a. a. Graham said:\\nAbout year ago a number of gentlemen happened to meet\\nin the Secretary of State s office in Columbus, and in the con-\\nversation which followed, the question of the near approach\\nof Ohio s tirst Centennial was mentioned. This led to an ex-\\ntended talk on the subject in which was developed the fact\\nthat the State had no historical or other society to which would\\nproperly belong the celebration of that event, nor any society\\nto care for its historical interests. It was finally decided that\\nI should communicate with a number of leading men in all\\nparts of the State, and see if such a society could be established.\\nThe result of my correrpondence was most gratifying to\\nthose of us interested in such a movement, and a call was\\nissued and sent all over Ohio, inviting all who desired to join\\nin founding such a society to meet in Columbus, March i 2th.\\nAt that date a large and interesting meeting was held and our\\npresent society organized. We provided for an active mem-", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18\\nbership of any who mitj^ht join l\\\\v paying annually five dollars\\neach; a life menibersliip by one payment of fifty dollars; and\\nfor honorary and corresponding memberships. The active\\nmembership was made the sustaining mcmbershij?.\\nAt this meeting the question of the Centennial of Marietta\\nwas bi-ought up, and a resolution, offered by John W. An-\\ndrews, Esq., endorsing the erection of a proper monumental\\nstruction was adopted. The discussion which followed evi-\\ndenced much interest in this question. Dr. John B. Peaslee,\\nof Cincinnati, thought that it would be a good time to interest\\nthe children of the public schools, and suggested the plan of\\na celebration in all the school houses of Ohio, on that da}\\nsomewhat similar to that now observed on Arbor Days. He\\nwas requested to prepare a pamphlet containing suitable prose\\nand poetical selections for the use of the schools on this occa-\\nsion, and the Society pledged itself to endeavor to carry out\\nthis idea. If it can be done, (and there is no good reason\\nwhy it cannot be,) there will be held commemorative exer-\\ncises in all the schools of Ohio April 7, i SSS, at the same\\ntime the} are held in Marietta. Can you devise a better and\\nmore beneficial plan to commemorate the opening of the\\nNorth West Territory? We wish to benefit the youth all\\nover Ohio, and thus, not only direct their minds to good and\\nwholesome reading, but teach them something about this the\\nmost important inland settlement ever made in our country.\\nIn addition to our work in the schools the society has pushed\\nvigorously its work in all directions. I have given it my\\nentire time. I have visited many of the cities and towns of\\nOhio, seen many of the principal men therein; and by per-\\nssonal work and by correspondence I have raised in one year\\na membership of 239 persons.\\nIn all parts, not only of Ohio, but all over the country,\\nthere is a growing interest regarding the Centennial of Mari-\\netta s settlement. It is looked upon, not merely as the Cen-\\ntennial of Marietta, but as the opening of the great North\\nWest Territory, now the most progressive part of our Union.\\nHere were planted the first principles of universal freedom in\\nthe fundamental law of the land. Here was planted the first\\nfree school system supported by a tax upon the land; and hei-e", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "19\\nwas first developed the principle that to the general go\\\\ern-\\nment belonged primarily the public lands, by whom they\\nshould be properly surveyed and sold to her citizens. The\\nmemories which cluster about Marietta gather about no, other\\nsettlement in in this country, and it is but proper that the\\nwhole government should commemorate in a fitting and lasting\\nmemorial the birth place of these principles.\\nIn order that this might be done properly our Society pre-\\npared a memorial to the General Assemby of Ohio, calling\\nthe attention of that body to the facts I have narrated, and\\nasking it to memoralize Congress to erect a memorial structure\\nat Marietta. I am glad to say that that body took united and\\nprompt action, and I expect to take such a memorial to Wash-\\nington in a short time. I feel confident I shall have the united\\nand hearty support, not only of Ohio s Senators and Repre-\\nsentatives, but also of those from Indiana, Illinois, Michigan\\nand Wisconsin, and also from Massachusetts, Connecticut, and\\nVirginia. I trust that there may soon be commenced at this\\nPlymouth of the Northwest a structure which will be an\\nenduring monument to the wisdom of the Continental Con-\\ngress, the patriotism and valor of the Revolutionary Army,\\nand the energy and sacrifices of the pioneers.\\nIn regard to the celebration to be held here in iSSS, I can\\nonly sa}^ that the exercises of that occasion must be managed\\nentirely by yourselves, working in harmony with the desires\\nof Congress and the interests of all. At the State Capital\\nthe autumn following, will be held an Industrial Exposition,\\nin the place of the Annual State Fair, on the Fair Grounds.\\nThis will be an Exposition of the growth of Ohio in all ma-\\nterial and educational interests since April 7, 178S, and will\\ncontinue about six or eight weeks. We all hope to attend the\\ncelebration at Marietta, and then we hope all can come to\\nColumbus in the fall and see how Ohio has grown since the\\nlanding made on the shores of the Muskingum ninety-eight\\nyears ago.\\nThe Hon. John Eaton, for the last sixteen years U. S.\\nCommissioner of Education, and recently elected President of\\nMarietta College, was then introduced and made an interesting\\nand eloquent address. It is a cause of regret that he has been\\nunable to write out his remarks for publication here.\\nDr. Andrews said a few words in closing, congratula-\\nting the Pioneer Association and the citizens of this county\\nand region on the favorable outlook for an appropriate cele-", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20\\nbration of the approaching centennial of the founding of the\\ntown of Marietta, the State of Ohio,^nd the Territory of the\\ngreat Northwest. The event to be celebrated two years\\nhence assumes larger proportions the more it is studied. No\\nperiod in our history is so filled with events of interest and\\nimportance as that in which this landing of General Rufus\\nPutnam and his associates at the mouth of the Aluskingum\\ntook place. And these events were all connected with this\\nregion northwest of the Ohio, and with the purchase and set-\\ntlement by the Ohio Company.\\nThe questions that agitated most profoundly the statesmen\\nof a hundred years ago centered about this territory on the\\nnorthern side of the beautiful river. There was great danger\\nthat the Union would be broken even before Great Britain\\nhad acknowledged our independence. The wisest men in\\nCongress saw a danger here as imminent as that from the\\narmies sent over the Atlantic by King George. The danger\\ngrew out of conflicting claims to this very region. And when\\nthis danger was passed great interest was felt in the disposi-\\ntion to be made of it and the mode of settlement. The prop-\\nsition by the Ohio Company to purchase of Congress a large\\ntract of land made a profound impression on the members of\\nthat body and on the Constitutional Convention in session at\\nPhiladelphia. An ordinance for the government of the North-\\nwest Territory, which had been reported, was committed to a\\nnew committee, and in a few days the great ordinance of July\\n13, 17S7, was enacted. The purchase and the ordinance were\\nparts of one measure. The whole nation was interested in\\nthem both. The chairman of the committee on the sale of the\\nland. Colonel Edward Carrington, of Virginia, was made the\\nchairman of the committee on the ordinance. Two others of\\nthis last committee of five were from Virginia and South\\nCarolina, so that the great ordinance came from a committee\\nof three Southern and two Northern men. And it was passed\\nby the votes of five Southern and two Northern States. Thus\\nthe northwest and the country are largely indebted to South-\\nern men for this immortal ordinance.\\nThe settlement of no other part of the country had such a\\npreparation, and that of no other part was so nearly national\\nin its character and its attendant circumstances.\\nWhile we honor greatly the memory of the Pioneers, the\\ncentennial in 1SS8 will not be wholly in their commemoration.\\nIn it the Statesmen of the revolutionary period and the army\\nwho conquered for us this region are to be commemorated.\\nThe local feature is not the predominant one. The celebra-\\ntion is also for Ohio, for the five States of the Northwest, for\\nthe whole country.", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Conservation Resources", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n014 571 674 3", "height": "3164", "width": "2031", "jp2-path": "comingcentennial00mari_0028.jp2"}}